The Loschmidt echo – also known as fidelity – is a very useful tool to study irreversibility in quantum mechanics due to perturbations or imperfections. Many different regimes, as a function of time and strength of the perturbation, have been identified. For chaotic systems, there is a range of perturbation strengths where the decay of the Loschmidt echo is perturbation independent, and given by the classical Lyapunov exponent. But observation of the Lyapunov decay depends strongly on the type of initial state upon which an average is done. This dependence can be removed by averaging the fidelity over the Haar measure, and the Lyapunov regime is recovered, as it was shown for quantum maps. In this work we introduce an analogous quantity for systems with infinite dimensional Hilbert space, in particular the quantum stadium billiard, and we show clearly the universality of the Lyapunov regime.
Keywords: Quantum Chaos, Irreversibility, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
03.65.Yz, 03.65.Ta, 05.45.Mt
Understanding the emergence of irreversibility from the basic laws of physics has been a longstanding problem. Although, since the eighteenth century it is known that the second law describes the arrow of time, its microscopic foundation has been matter of debate until these days Fermi (); Maxweedemon () . The main problem is that classical mechanics is time-symmetric and cannot explain the emergence of the thermodynamic arrow of time. This contradiction has been apparently resolved with the understanding of chaos. The sensitivity to initial conditions of chaotic systems, along with the notions of mixing and coarse graining, has been the main argument to explain irreversibility in classical systems Gaspard-book () .
In quantum mechanics, the situation is more involved. Due to the linearity of the Schrödinger equation there is no sensitivity to initial conditions, and therefore the origin of irreversibility in quantum mechanics lies elsewhere. For this reason, an alternative idea was proposed by Peres Peres1984 () . He suggested that quantum mechanics is sensitive to perturbations in the evolution rather than to the initial conditions. A suitable dynamical quantity to study such a behaviour was coined fidelity or Loschmidt echo (LE), which is defined as,
Mψ(t)=|⟨Ψ|U\textdaggerξ+δξ(t)Uξ(t)|Ψ⟩|2
where Uξ(t) is an evolution operator and, Uξ+δξ(t) is a corresponding perturbed one, |ψ⟩ an initial state, and the parameter δξ characterises the strength of the perturbation. Thus, Eq. (1) can be interpreted in two different ways. On the one hand, it is the overlap between an initial state |ψ⟩ evolved forward up to time t with the evolution operator Uξ(t), and the same state evolved backward in time with a perturbed evolution operator Uξ+δξ(t). On the other hand, it can also be interpreted as the overlap at time t of the same state evolved forward in time with slightly different Hamiltonians. While the first interpretation gives the idea of irreversibility, the second is related to the sensitivity to perturbations of quantum evolutions.
The LE has been intensively studied in the first decade of this century Gorin2006 (); Jacquod2009 (); DiegoScholar () , and several time and perturbation regimes were clearly identified using different techniques like random matrix theory, semiclassical, and numerical simulations DiegoScholar () . The progress in experimental techniques has permitted to study the LE in various different settings like NMR PastawskiRMN () , microwave billiards expbilliards () , elastic waves lobkis () and cold atoms coldatoms () . The most relevant result in connection with chaos and irreversibility is that the LE has a regime where the decay becomes independent of the perturbation strength and it is given by the Lyapunov exponent Jalabert2001 () , a classical measure of the divergence of neighbouring trajectories Gaspard-book () . The Lyapunov regime has been observed in several systems Jacquod2001 (); PhysRevE.65.055206 (); PhysRevE.68.056208 (); Cucc2004 (); PhysRevE.70.026206 (); PhysRevE.67.056217 (); Wang2004 (); Pozzo2007 () . In these works a crucial feature is that the initial states need to be coherent (Gaussian) wavefunctions Diego2002 () . Besides, an average on initial condition or perturbations is required.
The dependence of the LE with the type of initial state can be removed by considering an average over initial states according to the Haar measure for finite dimensional systems zanardi2004
∫d|Ψ⟩Mψ(t)=1d(d+1)[d+|⟨Uξ(t),Uξ+δξ(t)⟩HS|2],
where ⟨Uξ(t),Uξ+δξ(t)⟩HS≡tr[U\textdaggerξ(t)Uξ+δξ(t)] is the Hilbert-Schmidt product between the operators, and d is the dimension of the Hilbert space. Thus, the average fidelity amplitude
|f(t)|=|tr[U\textdaggerξ(t)Uξ+δξ(t)]|
which is directly related to the LE, is a state-independent quantity. This quantity was studied in detail for quantum maps garciamaNJP () . Analytical results were obtained using a semiclassical theory known as dephasing representation (DR) vanicek2003 (); vanicek2004 (); vanicek2006 () . It is shown that |f(t)| has two clear decay regimes. For short times, the decay rate depends on the perturbation and it is predicted considering random dynamics. This corresponds to the limit of infinite Lyapunov exponent. If the strength of the perturbation is small enough, this regime lasts up to the saturation point. The other regime, was obtained considering that the perturbation is completely random. That is, after each step of the map, the perturbation contributes with a random phase to each trajectory. In that case, using the DR and transfer matrix theory it is shown that the asymptotic decay rate of |f(t)| is controlled by the largest classical Lyapunov exponent λ. Numerical tests of the analytical predictions were given for the quantum baker and a family of perturbed cat maps (see Sect. II below).
In this work we go one step further by studying |f(t)| in a realistic system. We consider a particle inside a stadium billiard that is perturbed by a smooth potential consisting of a number of Gaussians randomly distributed inside the cavity. A 2-D billiard has an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. For this reason, instead of computing Eq. (3) for a complete set, we consider an initial state defined as an incoherent sum of all the energy projectors from the ground state up to a given high energy level. We have numerically computed this quantity that we call |fΩ(t)| for the quantum stadium billiard and show that it has similar behaviour to that observed for quantum maps. For short times, |fΩ(t)| has a decay that depends on the perturbation strength. But, after a crossover and for sufficiently large perturbation strength we can clearly see that |fΩ(t)| decays exponentially with a decay rate given by the Lyapunov exponent of the classical billiard. In order to confirm these results, we have also computed |fΩ(t)| using the DR. We also show that the DR describes very well the quantum behaviour and that the Lyapunov regime is also clearly observed in this approximation.
The rest of the paper is organised as follows. In Sec. II we summarise the results obtained in Ref. garciamaNJP () in quantum maps. We show that the DR works very nicely to describe the quantum behaviour and we show the different decay regimes of |f(t)|. In Sec. III we show the |fΩ(t)| for the stadium billiard. Final remarks and outlook are given in Sec. IV.
Ii quantum maps
For this work to be self contained, in this section we briefly review the results previously obtained in garciamaNJP () for quantum maps on a two dimensional phase space with periodic boundary conditions (2-torus). These maps have the essential ingredients of chaotic systems and are simple to treat numerically and sometimes even analytically. The torus geometry implies that, upon quantisation, position q and momentum p are discrete and related by the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The Hilbert space then has finite dimension N, and the semiclassical limit is given by N→∞. An efficient Planck constant can be thus defined as \middlebarh=1/(2πN).
As a tool we use the DR vanicek2003 (); vanicek2004 (); vanicek2006 () which avoids some of the drawbacks of other semiclassical methods. The fidelity in the DR can be written as
fDR(t)=∫dqdpWρ(q,p)exp(−iΔSδξ(q,p,t)/\middlebarh),
where W(q,p) is the Wigner function of the initial state ρ, and
ΔSδξ(q,p,t)=−δξ∫t0dτV(q(τ),p(τ))
is the action difference evaluated along the unperturbed classical trajectory. If ρ is a maximally mixed state then Eq. 4 is an average over a complete set (and becomes basis independent),
fDR(t)=1V∫dqdpexp(−iΔSδξ(q,p,t)/\middlebarh),
this quantity is the semiclassical expression for the fidelity given in Eq. (3). Here for simplicity we write phase space variables q and p, and their differentials, as one dimensional. But Eq. (6) holds for arbitrary dimensions. For maps time is discrete so, for the reminder of this section, we define t:=n, with n integer.
We use the DR to study the decay of the fidelity in the chaotic regime as follows. First we suppose that the system is very strongly chaotic, λ→∞. This is essentially equivalent to assuming that the evolution is random without any correlation. In order to compute f(n) we partition the phase space into Nc cells and consider that the probability of jumping from one cell to the other is uniform. It can then be shown that
fDR(n) = 1Nn\tsum\slimits@j1…\tsum\slimits@jnexp[−i(ΔSδξ,j1+…+ΔSδξ,jn)/\middlebarh]
= [1Nn\tsum\slimits@jexp(−iΔSδξ,j/\middlebarh)]n,
where ΔSδξ,jk is the action difference on the cell j at time k. Taking the limit Nc→∞, we get
fDR(n)=[∫dqdpexp(−iΔSδξ(q,p))\middlebarh]n.
The absolute value of fDR(n) can then be written as
|fDR(n)|=exp(−Γn),
Then, if the dynamics is completely random, which is approximately the case for strongly chaotic systems, then the fidelity decays exponentially with a rate Γ. As we shall see, this decay also explains the short time behavior regardless of λ because for short times the dynamics can always be supposed to be uncorrelated.
To unveil the intermediate time regime we consider the limit of random perturbation. In garciamaNJP () , using the DR it is shown that, for the baker map with a random perturbation, the fidelity can be written as a sum of products of transfer matrices
fDR(n)=12n/2+L−1\tsum\slimits@k0,…,knMk0,k1…Mkn−1,kn,
ki=2(L−1)×⋅μi…μL+i−2,
the digits μi=0,1 define position and momentum
q = \tsum\slimits@j=0μj2j+1\lx@stackreldef=⋅μ0μ1…
p = \tsum\slimits@j=0μ−j2j+1\lx@stackreldef=⋅μ−1μ−2…
in symbolic dynamics (see e.g. Saraceno1994 () ). A point in phase space is then (q,p)=…μ−2μ−1⋅μ0μ1…, and one step of the map consists in shifting the point to the right. The letter L in the previous equations indicates a truncation size of the symbolic dynamics expansion. Defining the unit norm vector |1⟩=2−(L−1)/2(1,1,…,1), Eq. (11) can be written in compact form as
fDR(n)=2−n/2⟨1|Mn|1⟩
The properties of the fidelity are then determined by the spectrum of the finite matrix M. In particular the asymptotic decay is ruled by the largest eigenvalue (in modulus) of M. Considering the special structure of the transfer matrices for the bakers map, it was shown that
|fDR(n)|2≈2n=eλBn
where λB=ln2 is the largest Lyapunov exponent of the baker map. This analytical result was further extended to more general types of maps garciamaNJP () .
We show numerically these two regimes for a family of perturbed cat maps dematos
¯p=p−aq+ξf(q)¯q=q−b¯p+~ξh(¯p)}(mod 1).
For simplicity let ~ξ=ξ. For a,b integer, these maps are uniformly hyperbolic and for small enough K the Lyapunov exponent is approximately given by
λ≈log1+ab+√ab(4+ab)2.
Figure 1: Fidelity as a function of discrete time n using straight quantum calculation (points) and DR (black solid line) for the perturbed cat map, with a=1 (circles), corresponding to λ≈0.962 and a=2 (squares) corresponding to λ≈1.76. Here N=104 and ξ=0.025 and δξ/\middlebarh=2. The dashed (gray) lines correspond to the Lyapunov regime, |f(n)|∼exp(−λn/2). The dotted (red) line marks the short time decay, |f(n)|∼exp(−Γn), with Γ obtained from Eq. (10).
For simplicity from now on we take a=b. These maps can be written in the general form
¯p=p−dVξ(q)dq¯q=q+dTξ(¯p)d¯p⎫⎪ ⎪⎬⎪ ⎪⎭(mod 1).
and can be simply quantized as a product of two operators
Uξ=e−i2πNTξ(^p)e−i2πNVξ(^q).
Many well known quantisations of classical maps can be expressed in this way, e.g. the kicked Harper map Leboeuf1990 () , and the Chirikov standard map DimaScholar () . For the numerical examples we consider
f(q) = 2π[cos(2πq)−cos(4πq)],
h(¯p) = 0.
as the perturbing “forces” of Eq.
In Fig. 1 we show two things. On the one hand, the almost prefect agreement of the DR calculation of |f(t)| against the straightforward quantum result. On the other hand, it is shown that the two different exponential regimes can be distinguished. For the sake of clarity we show results for a=1 and 2 which correspond to λ≈0.962 and 1.72 respectively.
Figure 2: Quantum calculation of the fidelity for the perturbed cat map with a=1 and different values of the perturbation, δξ/\middlebarh=1(⋄),1.5(▽),2(△),2.2(∘),2.4(□). The dashed red lines show the small time behavior |f(t)|∼exp(−Γn). The values of Γ obtained from Eq. (10) are shown in the inset.
In Fig. 2 we show a detailed example illustrating how different the two regimes can be. There, five examples of |f(t)| for different values of δK are displayed. It can be clearly observed that the initial decay rate is given by Γ. In the inset we show Γ as a function of the perturbation and the points mark the decay rate value indicated by the dashed (red lines) in the main panel. After this short time decay there is a revival and then the fidelity again decays exponentially with a rate given by λ, except in the case where Γ≪λ.
From the evidence of Figs. 1 and 2 a behaviour like
|f(t)|∼exp(−Γt)+Aexp(−λt/2)
can be hinted. The decay given by the rate Γ is explained by an initial lack of correlations. If the dynamics is strongly chaotic, then this is the decay that dominates throughout the evolution. This can be simulated by random evolution. In other cases there is a crossover from to the perturbation independent Lyapunov regime. In garciamaNJP () a random perturbation model was used to demonstrate this crossover, and also the crossover time could be inferred.
Iii Stadium billiard
In the previous sections we show that |f(t)| is a suitable quantity to characterise quantum irreversibility in d-dimensional systems. It does not depend on the initial conditions because it is the trace of the echo operator U\textdaggerξ+δξ(t)Uξ(t). Moreover, in the case of abstract maps, the DR can be used to show analytically that there is a Lyapunov regime that does not depend on the type of initial states, contrary to what happens in the case of the LE. Now we will study the behaviour of a similar quantity in a realistic system, a particle inside a billiard. In this system, the Hilbert space is infinite-dimensional and it is not possible to compute the trace of the echo operator. For this reason, we consider
|fΩ(t)|=|tr[U\textdaggerξ+δξ(t)Uξ(t)ρΩ]|
where the initial density function ρΩ(m)=m−1\tsum\slimits@mi=0|Ei(ξ)⟩⟨Ei(ξ)|, a microcanonical state located in an energy window that start in the ground state up to the m-th excited state. We note that |fΩ(t)| is related to a well known quantity in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics: the probability of doing work W. This can be seen by considering a system with Hamiltonian H(ξ) that is in an initial equilibrium state ρ. At t=0 the energy is measured and a quench H(ξ)→H(ξ+δξ) is done. Then, the system evolves a time t and another energy measurement is done. If Ei(ξ) and Ej(ξ+δξ) are the results of the measurements, the work done on the system is W=Ej(ξ+δξ)−Ei(ξ). Then, it is easy to show that the probability of work P(W) is the Fourier transform of
fβ(t)=tr[U\textdaggerξ+δξ(t)Uξ(t)ρ],
here we consider the absolute value of this quantity Eq. 25.
Figure 3: Fidelity for the stadium billiard with initial state ρΩ(m=500) and a basis of 3134 states, as a function of the rescaled time ¯¯¯vt. δξ=10,30,50,70,80,90. In the inset we show the position of the four Gaussians and diameter of the circles is σ=0.1 (blue indicate positive Gaussian and red negative). The dashed grey line is exp(−λ1t).
We have studied |fΩ(t)| for a particle in the desymmetrised stadium billiard with radius r=1 and straight line of length l=1 (see inset of Fig. 3). The perturbation is a smooth potential consisting in a series of four Gaussians,
V(x,y,δξ)=δξ\tsum\slimits@4i=1signiexp(−[(x−xi)2−(y−yi)2]/(2σ2)]
with δξ the perturbation strength, σ=0.1 their widths, (x1,y1)=(0.2,0.4), (x2,y2)=(0.67,0.5), (x3,y3)=(0.5,0.15) and (x4,y4)=(0.3,0.75) the positions of the centres and sign1=sign3=1, sign2=sign4=−1. The eigenstates of the unperturbed stadium (ξ=0) are obtained using the scaling method vergini95 () . The states of the perturbed system are obtained by diagonalising the perturbed Hamiltonian in the basis of the stadium billiard. We have used several number of unperturbed states to check the convergence of the results. We point out that the perturbations considered in this work and in garciamaNJP () affect the whole phase space. There has been some theoretical Goussev2008 (); Ares2009 (); Hohmann (); Kober () and experimental efforts to study the effect of local perturbations. In theses works they either find a crossover from a Fermi-golden-rule regime to an exponential regime with rate given by the so-called escape rate (given by a representative size of the perturbation) Goussev2008 (); Kober () , or an algebraic decay regime Hohmann () . But, even though they also consider the average fidelity amplitude, they do not find a Lyapunov regime.Therefore in this work we only consider global perturbations.
Figure 4: (top) Decay rate Γ for the short time decay in the perturbative regime, |fΩ(t)|∼exp[−Γt]. As expected from the Fremi-Golden rule Γ has approximately quadratic dependence with δχ (the dashed red line is a fit where Γ∝δχ1.969±0.034 . (bottom) Characteristic time 1/τ for the Gaussian decay |fΩ(t)|∼exp[−(t/τ)2], for small t. The slope of the linear fit is 0.93±0.013, so 1/τ≈δχ until saturation. Initial state is ρΩ(n=800) and the basis used has 3134 states, the width of the Gaussian perturbation is σ=0.1.
In Fig. 3 we show |fΩ(t)| for the stadium billiard. The unperturbed evolution is given by the free dynamics inside the cavity (ξ=0) and the perturbed one is with the potential of Eq. (27). Results for several perturbation strengths δξ are shown. The initial microcanonical state corresponds to the first 500 eigenstates of the unperturbed system. The calculations were done using the first 3135 eigenstates of the stadium billiard. The convergence of the results were tested using a bigger basis of up to 5600 states. For a smaller basis of 1300 states the results are also well behaved.
Let us first analyse the small time behaviour. For small δξ≲25, |fΩ(t)| decays exponentially ∼exp(Γt). In Fig. 4 (top) we show Γ as a function of δξ. As expected, we can clearly see that γ∼δξ2. Such behaviour is referred to as the Fermi-golden-rule regime Jacquod2001 () . For δξ≳25, the short time decay |fΩ(t)| is approximately a Gaussian function ∼exp[−t2/(τ2)] (see Fig. 3). In Fig. 4 (bottom) we show 1/τ as a function of δξ. We can see that after a transient, there is a region where 1/τ does not depend on the perturbation strength δξ.
The behaviour of the fidelity |fΩ(t)| can be related to the spread of the initial state in the perturbed basis. The natural quantity to study this type of localisation properties is the inverse participation ratio (IPR) Fyodorov1995 (); Jacquod1995 (); Georgeot1997 (); Berkovits1998 (); Flambaum1994 (); Flambaum2001 (); PhysRevE.91.010902 () . The IPR of a perturbed eigenstate |j(ξ+δξ)⟩ in the unperturbed basis |Ei(ξ)⟩ is
IPR(|Ei⟩)=(\tsum\slimits@m|⟨Em(ξ)|Ei(ξ+δξ)⟩|4)
(throughout this section ξ=0). The inverse of this quantity – also called the participation number– gives an estimation of the number of unperturbed states contributing to a given perturbed state. In Fig. 5 we show the inverse of the IPR averaged over the first 800 states, as a function of δξ. We can see that it has an approximately quadratic growth up to δξ=20. After that the inverse of the IPR grows linearly in the interval 20≲δξ≲60. Finally the growth rate tends to a saturation at value which is much smaller than the basis size. This shows that the perturbed states remain localised in energy. As an example, in the inset of Fig. 5 we show the |ψi|2=⟨i(ξ+δξ)|i(ξ)⟩|2 for the state corresponding to the level 600 for δξ=80 (marked by a red dot on the main panel). The exponential decay of the tails is a manifestation of its localisation. This localisation is responsible the plateau of 1/τ shown in Fig. 4 (bottom). We remark that the three perturbation regimes of the short time decay of fΩ(t) [see Figs. 3 and 4] are manifested in the IPR behaviour [Fig. 5].
Figure 5: Inverse of the average IPR for the first 800 perturbed states as a function of δξ. Inset: ||Ej⟩i|2=|⟨Ej(ξ+δξ)|Ei(ξ)⟩|2 for the state j=600 for δξ=80.
After the Gaussian decay shown in Fig. 3, we can see a second exponential decay with a rate given by the classical Lyapunov exponent of the stadium billiard. The Lyapunov exponent is λ=λ1¯¯¯v, where λ1=0.43 corresponds to l=r=1 Benettin1978 (); Dellago1995 () . Here ¯¯¯v=2¯¯¯k is the average velocity computed from the eigenenergies Ei=k2i (ki being the wavenumber of the eigenstate |Ei⟩) in the energy window Ω considered. Evidently, the fidelity computed using an initial state ρΩ and the fidelity obtained from the Haar measure for the quantum maps share the same decay behavior. A short time decay which depends on the characteristics and strength of the perturbation, followed by a Lyapunov regime depending on a classical feature.
Figure 6: |fΩ(t)| for the stadium billiard with perturbation strength δξ=70 and width σ=0.1. The (red) circles correspond to the quantum evolution, with initial state ρΩ(m=500) and a basis of 3134 states. The solid line corresponds to DR calculation using 189991 initial conditions with energies chosen in the range corresponding to the first 500 quantum energies. The dashed gray line corresponds to the Lyapunov decay.
We also compute |fΩ(t)| using the semiclassical DR. This is a simple task due to the fact that unperturbed trajectories are geometrically obtained in the billiard and the perturbation only gives a phase as dictated by Eq. 4. To take into account the initial ρΩ(m) state, we compute the semiclassical |fΩ(t)| using that the initial conditions are uniformly random inside the billiard, the same was assumed for the direction of the initial momentum. The modulus squared of the momenta are distributed as the eigenenergies of the unperturbed system. In Fig. 6 we show |fΩ(t)| computed using the DR and the quantum results. We can see that the semiclassical approximation provides an accurate fitting of the quantum results. Moreover, the Lyapunov decay is clearly observed in the DR approximation.
From the outset, the LE emerged as a viable quantity to characterise instability and irreversibility in quantum systems. A large amount of work was dedicated to describe the different regimes depending on the perturbation strength, but it received a real important boost when the Lyapunov regime was first described linking classical an quantum chaotic behaviour. However although it was shown to exist in many different systems, all the semiclassical and numerical calculations showed that the Lyapunov regime could only be observed if the initial states considered were “classically meaningful” Jacquod2009 () (typically coherent states). We found a solution to this problem considering the average fidelity amplitude, a basis independent quantity, which is closely related to the LE if one considers an average over the Haar measure (Eqs. (2) and (3)). Indeed, a recent work garciamaNJP () , briefly reviewed in Sect. II, shows analytically and numerically that for quantum maps on the torus the average fidelity amplitude decays as a double exponential, where the first decay rate is depends on the strength and type of perturbation, whereas the second decay rate is given by the classical Lyapunov regime.
But, although quantum maps have some generic properties of quantum chaos, they are not very generic systems themselves. So the challenge in this work was to take the analysis one step further and study the average fidelity amplitude in a more realistic system, paradigmatic of quantum chaos, like the stadium billiard. To overcome the problem of the infinite dimensional Hilbert space, where averaging over the Haar measure is unfeasible, we introduced an energy cutoff and considered the system to be initially in a state that has an equiprobable distribution over some energy window, in the same spirit of a microcanonical ensemble. In this way were able to recover the same behaviour of the fidelity amplitude as the one shown for quantum maps, in particular we could clearly observe the Lyapunov regime. Therefore we have made a step forward towards the settlement of this longstanding problem: we showed an example of a realistic system where the Lyapunov regime is observed, independently of the type of initial state, if the appropriate quantity – the fidelity amplitude – is considered.
Additionally, we have shown that these regimes were also manifested in the behaviour of the IPR, which is a very relevant quantity in the study of localisation and quantum chaos at the level of the structure of eigenstates. Finally, for completeness we studied the dynamics of the fidelity amplitude using the semiclassical DR approximation and showed a good agreement with the quantum results. This suggests that, since fidelity is also related to the Fourier transform of the work probability distribution after a quench silva08 () , further insight into this issue can be obtained by considering tools such as the semiclassical DR approximation.
The authors have received funding from CONICET (Grants No. PIP 114-<PHONE> and No. PIP <PHONE>) ANPCyT (Grants No. PICT-2010-02483, No. PICT-2013-0621, No.PICT 2010-1556) and UBACyT.
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(18) Adamov, Y., Gornyi, I. V. & Mirlin, A. D. Loschmidt echo and Lyapunov exponent in a quantum disordered system. Phys. Rev. E 67, 056217 (2003). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.67.056217.
(19) Wang, W., Casati, G. & Li, B. Stability of quantum motion: Beyond Fermi-golden-rule and lyapunov decay. Phys. Rev. E 69, 025201 (2004). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.69.025201
(20) Pozzo, E. N. & Domínguez, D. Fidelity and quantum chaos in the mesoscopic device for the josephson flux qubit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 057006 (2007). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.057006
(21) Wisniacki, D. & Cohen, D. Quantum irreversibility, perturbation independent decay, and the parametric theory of the local density of states. Phys. Rev. E 66, 046209 (2002). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.66.046209
(22) Zanardi, P. & Lidar, D. A. Purity and state fidelity of quantum channels. Phys. Rev. A 70, 012315 (2004). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.70.012315.
(23) García-Mata, I., Vallejos, R. O. & Wisniacki, D. A. Semiclassical approach to fidelity amplitude. New J. Phys. 13, 103040 (2011). DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/13/10/103040
(24) Vaníček, J. & Heller, E. J. Semiclassical evaluation of quantum fidelity. Phys. Rev. E 68, 056208 (2003). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.68.056208
(25) Vaníček, J. Dephasing representation: Employing the shadowing theorem to calculate quantum correlation functions. Phys. Rev. E 70, 055201 (2004). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.055201
(26) Vaníček, J. Dephasing representation of quantum fidelity for general pure and mixed states. Phys. Rev. E 73, 046204 (2006). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.73.046204
(27) Saraceno, M. & Voros, A. Towards a semiclassical theory of the quantum baker’s map. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 79, 206–268 (1994).
(28) de Matos, M. B. & de Almeida, A. M. O. Ann. Phys. 237, 46 (1995).
(29) Leboeuf, P., Kurchan, J., Feingold, M. & Arovas, D. Phase-space localization: Topological aspects of quantum chaos. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3076 (1990). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.3076
(30) Chirikov, B. & Shepelyansky, D. L. Chirikov standard map. Scholarpedia 3, 3350 (2008).
(31) Vergini, E. & Saraceno, M. Calculation by scaling of highly excited states of billiards. Phys. Rev. E 52, 2204–2207 (1995). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.52.2204.
(32) Goussev, A., Waltner, D., Richter, K. & Jalabert, R. A.. ”Loschmidt echo for local perturbations: non-monotonic cross-over from the Fermi-golden-rule to the escape-rate regime”. New J. Phys., 10, 093010 (2008). DOI:10.1088/1367-2630/10/9/093010
(33) Ares, N. & Wisniacki, D. A.. ”Loschmidt echo and the local density of states”. Phys. Rev. E, 80, 046216 (2009). DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.80.046216
(34) Höhmann, R., Kuhl, U. & Stöckmann, H.-J.. ”Algebraic Fidelity Decay for Local Perturbations”. Phys. Rev. Lett., bf 100, 124101 (2008). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.<PHONE>
(35) Köber, B., Kuhl, U., Stöckmann, H.-J., Goussev, A. & Richter, K.. ”Fidelity decay for local perturbations: Microwave evidence for oscillating decay exponents”. Phys. Rev. E, 83, 016214 (2011). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE83.016214
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Let's get cracking with another one of my lists!
If you're into skateboarding, why not use it as a bug-out vehicle?
Just in case you do, here's one made of stainless steel and you can expect it to be quite…
However, it's pricey and if a gang of warfare gangsters traps you inside…
It certainly seems like a wacky choice but how can it help?
Think about it: who is going to sell you nail clippers post-collapse?And how can you replace them?
Well, those were it!
By the way, do you have any other wacky survival items that belong to the list?


At one stage, just before the Winter Limit sign we came across a pool LOADED with Trout. This was Trout central station, but we could not get any of them to take, I even resorted to naturals very early on, took off the indicator and lengthened the leader. I forgot to pack the dynamite and to be truthful it probably would have been the only thing to work on them. On the way back down we picked up a few more and came across a wild horse in the middle of the river, Man I love this job!
I have been asked many times what my favorite river is and to be honest I would have to say all of them. The tight snaggy confines of a river like the Waimarino are a challenge. The large expanse and shear raw power of the Tongariro is mind blowing at times. The deep short pools and relaxing atmosphere of the Waitahanui are great for the sole. You get the picture. I'll stop now before I start sounding like Ross!
It's blowing a gale out there at the moment a true cold Southerly. We have a little rain as well which might help the river levels. No reports from any other rivers as the shop was closed for most of the day, Lesley's turn to be sick!


Machine, Fridge Freezer, Microwave/Grill, Gas Hob with Electric Oven. Toaster, Kettle. Range of Pots/Pans and cutlery for 8+. A 140 year old door that was converted into a dining table - seating for 8. Fully furnished lounge with satellite T.V and DVD/CD player. Complete with a range of DVDs for your enjoyment. Coffee/games table. There is also a built in safe for your convenience. Downstairs shower room. First floor - 3 bedrooms (2 x double & 1 x 2 single) each with its own private balcony. Includes wardrobes and bedside cabinets. Shower Room. Second Floor - shower room with 2 x single beds.
For small children there is a mixture of toys.
A brick built BBQ is available for your convenience. The BBQ faces towards the veranda - and will sheild you from both sun and rain.
villa Haze stands in its own ground and is situated very close to the town of Hisarönü about 5 mins walk and is close to all amenities.
Local super market - 3 mins walk. Approx 10 TYL for a 19 litre water cooler which can be dlivered to your door. Why carry it from the super market when it can be delivered for free.
Booking Notes: 20% non refundable booking fee required. Balance due 90 days prior to departure. Cheque or bank transfer. £25.00 non refundable breakage charge required on final balance. Changeover Day: Preferable Monday - however, will try to accommodate your requirements. Accomodation available from 14:00hrs on the day of arrival. Departure by 12:00hrs. If you have a late departure flight we may be able to accomdate this at a small fee. </s> Wee’rWe’Thanks for coming to check us out! Be sure to contact sean@37ft.com for any info or a free studio tour,  checking back for more updates. Enjoy! </s> Poll: should school end earlier?
i had a debate about if school should end earlier. now we are kinda fighting about it please tell me your opinion. </s> Last night, Olamide angrily left the stage at the Headies Awards and out of the building in protest of what he terms cheating.
In a swift Response, MAVIN boss Don Dazzy told OlamIde that he could take the car Reekado Banks won.
“I came out here to support my children. As they were trying to present the award, Reekado Banks was performing at Ali Baba’s show. I have already told my children that I will buy cars for all of them.”.
Oladide went ahead venting his anger towards Don Jazzy on Twitter.
For don jazzy it was clearly about the car and na him dey claim big man. </s> “Significant parts of our region have been identified as being impacted by drought and the objective of these grants is to support organisations and community-led initiatives which will promote individual and community resilienc.not-for-profit organisations, community groups, individuals or organisations auspiced by ats, sporting clubs and the like.
“easy as possible, as we want these grants to start making a difference to people in effected areas as soon as possible,” she added.
s. </s> The National Geographic 90/1250 is an automatic Cassegrain telescope with Maksutov-Cassegrain optics. This automatic telescope is suitable for beginning as well as slightly advanced astronomers. This telescope is developed by National Geographic, the famous American geographic society, in collaboration with Bresser.
When you chose this National Geographic 90/1250mm you will not only get the telescope, but also a set of accessories. In addition to the telescope two eyepieces (with a diameter of 12,5 and 25 mm), a moon filter, a star


diy // dreamcatchers.
we have had dreamcatchers on the brain for a while now. and we finally got around to making a few last week. take a look!!!
web the center of the hoop with string and/or a doily. use hot glue to attach the leather cord to the top of the hoop. wrap with the leather cord to hold the webbing in place. knot string or a piece of the leather cord to the bottom of the hoop. attach beads and feathers. explaining how to make one is a little confusing, but just wing it!
so awesome. can't wait to make more!!


It's the sweetest time of year! Visit an authentic sugarhouse and learn the time honored tradition of maple sugaring in NH.


Great little house in East Nashville. Well equipped. My son loved that we could walk to Jeni's ice cream!
Wonderful cozy little spot. Beyond glad that we chose East Nashville to stay in and with the host tips of where to eat and catch live music we were not disappointed once!


From April 11 to 15, GVSU’s MoneySmart Lakers program is celebrating National Money Smart Week. Throughout the week, MoneySmart Lakers is hosting events focused on budgeting, credit management and paying back student loans. Each presentation will be interactive and will guide attendees through the various topics being highlighted.
The SACC is hosting virtual Study Strategies workshopsexam preparation. The workshops will cover study strategies, how to be prepared for virtual exams and teach attendees effective ways to organize their study schedule during the hectic final weeks of the semester. All students are welcome to attend.
On April 15, the Seidman College of Business is hosting a webinar on the impacts of climate change on people’s daily lives. The panelists include pids and Mary Ellen Mika, Director of Sustainability at Steelcase. The discussion will cover how two of Michigan’s most influential climate change voices are dealing with the issue, and how they plan to bring about systemic, institutional and behavioral changes.
The French Club is inviting students to take a break from exam cram and de-stress with tea, bingo and small prizes. This event will take place on April 12 in Kirkhof Center room 2264, and is open to all students.
RecWell’s final Wellness Series speaker of the year, Leah Thomas, is the author of “” She’s visiting GVSU virtually on April 13 to promote her book and discuss issues related to environmentalism, building communities and advocacy. Eight copies of Thomas’ book will be given out at the event, which is INT 100 and INT 201 approvehosting several and GVSU professors for a discussion on how the Russia and Ukraine conflict escalated so quickly. This event will be held inm on April 13.


Babaria . Caudalie . Clarins . Cleanser . Estée Lauder . Eye cream . Featured . Juvena . Lancôme . Review . Serum . Skin Care . Skincare . The empties .
Hello, my lovelies! How are you today!
It was impossible to fit all my empty products, which keep cumulating in one post, so I divided them into categories, and this month I'm sharing with you the skincare products that I've used up!
Let's take a closer look at my mini reviews :)
This is my latest cleansing discovery! I was a bit hesitant when I picked it up, but it sounded very convenient, multipurpose product, so I gave it a go. It is a GREAT product!
This cleanser is bi-phase, it means it has some liquid and some oil in it, so you need to shake it prior to use. Then the pump dispense it in the form of a foam! The foam is applied directly on the face without water. I just massage the product gently on my skin to remove makeup and impurities, then I rinse with lukewarm water and that's all!
It completely removes makeup without fuss, without leaving traces, and it also acts are toner! This is a product I love for travelling, in fact, I took it with me to my trip to Argentina, and it was the most useful and practical! It doesn't leak, it is not messy to use and it covers three steps in one.
The only downside is that it leaves my face skin a tad dry, but this is because my skin is already naturally dry. I am certainly going to repurchase it, and it will be my go-to cleanser for travelling!
Clarins Toning Lotion with Camomille. Alcohol-free
I know many people do not bother with toners, but for me is a step my skin requires before applying my serums and creams. In my night skin care routine I apply a toner with acid, for a chemical exfoliation. But In the morning I don't use exfoliants or acids, only gentle products. This toner is a touch of gentleness after morning mild cleansing, it does not irritate my skin on the contrary it soothes my skin, especially in this period when allergies are causing redness on my face. It is even a little hydrating, ideal for my dry skin. All the mild toning lotions from Clarins are great in my opinion, my favourites being this one and the one with Aloe. If you like alcohol-free toners, I recommend you to try one of this brand.
Clarins Instant Eye makeup remover. Waterproof & heavy makeup
I have purchased and repurchased this makeup remover countless times!! I love double phase removers for my eye makeu, because I find those to be the most effective and this one is no exception. Besides being very effective, as it gets rid of all kinds of waterproof makeup without e having to rub and struggle, it also respects my skin, which is rather sensitive around my eyes. The product doesn't leave any oily residue, and it is very kind with my sensitive eyes! Despite being a high-end brand, it can be found at great prices when there are sales and offers. It is definitely a staple for me.
Juvena Skin Energy Moisture Eye cream
I have featured this eye cream in the blog before because it really deserves it!  This cream, which claims "only" to be an "All-round eye cream to combat signs of fatigue and early lines and wrinkles" is actually very good. It changed the condition of my eyelids from extremely dry to normal in a few days of use. It is moisturizing and it pairs well with makeup. It is quite scented, but it doesn't irritate my skin at all. It is a great choice for ladies 35+ !! I will definitely repurchase this in the future.
Tia'm My Signature C Source 20%
I have already reviewed this product before (here) and this is my second tube. This 30ml tube lasted me for about six months. This is a Serum with a high concentration of Vitamine C, which is actually an acid. It helps your skin be brighter, diminishes dark spots, makes the skin smoother and more moisturized. It works divinely on my skin! I wouldn't use this serum all year round though, because it is not recommended to be used and expose the skin to sunlight then. So definitely not to be used in summer. Also, it is not adviceble to combine with other acids (AHA, BHA). I will definitely buy it again next fall!
Caudalie Vinoperfect Radiance Serum complexion correcting
I have written an in-depth review of this serum years ago (read it here). I have finished this bottle a few weeks ago and although it has contributed a lot to make my skin look more hydrated and more radiant, it wasn't as effective as I hope with my hyperpigmentation. It is a nice hydrating serum, it definitely helped the skin to be more radiant and healthy, but it is not a miracle for hyperpigmentation spots. If you don't have very bad discolourations like me, I would say go for it.
This is my favourite skincare item for the summertime or very hot weather. I purchased this for my trip to Argentina in January, but then it was not the most appropriate for my skin needs in the cold months of February in Switzerland. So I just finished this a few days ago.
What does this serum do? Basically, it does it all! Well, it boosts the skin, hydrates, improves skin radiance, it is really good! I think this is an excellent skin care choice for VACATION mode. In fact, this is serum AND Moisturizer all-in-one, but with a very lightweight and refreshing texture, so it doesn't feel like anything at all those days of humid intense heat.
I will continue to purchase this for the warmer months as long as Lancôme has it available!!
Babaria Aloe Contorno de ojos (Eye contour cream)
This eye cream was a great discovery while shopping during my last trip to Spain. If I'm not mistaken, Babaria is a Spanish brand which uses mostly natural ingredients at a very reasonable price. I always hunt for local brands when I'm travelling because I'm curious and you never know what you can find!
Well, this eye cream is a little gem! It moisturizes, soothes and smoothes the eye contour area, it is scented but it doesn't irritate my skin or bothers me in any way. I love to use it a.m. and p.m. because it is not greasy and it looks great under makeup, it prepares the skin flawlessly and prevents the creases of longlasting makeup that can be quite drying on mature skin!
I will definitely be repurchasing this eye cream, I've already spotted it on Amazon.
I hope these mini-reviews have been somehow useful to you. I am happy that I am sticking to my resolution of reviewing the products I use up this year as well.
*The products marked with (*) have been sent to me as press samples. This article is not sponsored, it may contain affiliate links. All opinions are my own and 100% honest.


As if all of these wasn't enough, the valuable home also includes a McIntosh Theater, a wine cellar, a gym with spa, billiards rooms with lounge and fireplace as well as a guest bedrooms. Most of these division are well-appointed with furniture from leading designers of the industry, like Roberto Cavalli, Christopher Guy and Minotti. Isn't this home just a dream?


Search found 4601 matches • Page 4 of 231 • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ...
" swatson839 " Well...we finally agree on something. The insanity of the left wing voter is just mind blowing. i walk away shaking my head wayyyy too often in wonder of it all. In contrast, the Left Wing's strategy is cunning and has been overwhelmingly effective for over 80 years: Vot...
What's next, Alicia?We lock anyone up for texting while driving because of that potential for harm?How about then we start locking up gun possessors for that potential for harm?Oh, and then, if you own a knife, or a baseball bat, because those have a potential for harm. Whats next?Maybe th...
"The research shows they're usually men, about 35, with a blue-collar job and a long and diverse rap sheet that started building at a young age." No surprise that this demographic also represents the majority of men that have excessive tattoos, little education, a history of violence aga...
This is a tough one, Barry. How we ever gonna figure out who done it?Only the brilliant, keen-edge, super-savvy mind of the Campaigner-Ad-Nauseum-in-Chief has any hope of ever unraveling this incredible mystery. Certainly one thing incidents of this sort point out is the urgent need for criminal..t's just that Billionaires are a lot more equal than the rest of us and truly deserve all the government they can buy, in order that the government of The Billionaires, by The Billionaires, for The Billionaires shall not peris...
I wonder at what point people will wake up and start to care. Warrantless searches of homes perhaps?tics/explainer/2013/04/130419_EX_DOORTODOOR.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpg Apparently not. But we're ...
Mister O has every reason to tout . Seven point One million signups at virtual gun-point, versus a sea of 300 million-plus possible users is indeed impressive. Even if we control for the however many millions had their policies canceled, despite what the Prevaricator-in Chief promised. Note: Prom...
I see this as a victory for democracy as well as for the new health care law. Despite five years of lies, obstruction, intransigence and sabotage by the Republicans backed by massive funding from the insurance industry and conservative think tanks the will of the people ultimately prevailed. The s...
This is where Democrats, including John F. Kane, are economically illiterate, and possibly ever the Pope. We KNOW Obama is illiterate with economics. Francis repeated his rejection of "trickle down" economics and stressed that we need more than markets and safety nets to address poverty...
Gr8ful Dude wrote:
Who cares what the serfs think?They need to learn to obey their rulers. Thus famously said  Inaugurate' Hillary Rodham Bill-Clinton. In the interest of satire and denigrating those fatuous politicians who are even more egregiously corrupt and ...s...
With the Rockies pitching, watching people walk is still America's pastime!
Of course the Post thinks those new limits are "wise." Aside from Ms. Robb's fanatical desire to make your front porch a "public place" where you would be prohibited to enjoy a smoke, the Post has supported every single law and restriction. Maybe I'm wrong, but I don't th...
"Wise" Our government officials; our elected representatives (so-called if you're one of "those" throwback "Constitutionalists"); our "Rulers" if you're a Hitlery fan; are just so "wise"; so knowledgeable; so above us ordinary plebes . How can we po...
......Grow government. Increase the burden on hard-working Americans. More spending. Don't ever tell me about politicians who want to "shrink government" and "help working families to keep more of their paycheck" b...
During my motorcycle-riding days (piloting the scary-fast Yamaha RD350 and the scarier-faster Suzuki 750-4, among others), cars were a constant threat that had to be continuously accounted for and adjusted to. But I don't remember even the thought of colliding with another motorcycle ever even enter...


"We’y," Smith said. Reaves listed What she has dubbed the "Motown Mansion.
.
24330 NOTRE DAME ST is for sale in Dearborn Michigan24330 NOTRE DAME ST rch Cherry Creek Denver homes for sale and connect with a luxury realtor. 460 Saint Paul Street. 2750 E Cedar Avenue. 155 jackson Street #11. below to contact cherry creek denver real estate Agent Randy Jeffrey today.. on the Central Denver luxury homes that he has helped buy and sell over the years.0). </s> Thinking about new ways to improve your business? Well, A/B testing is one of the best ways to take the business to the next level. However, when it is not done right then it can kill your business. For getting reliable results from A/B testing, you need to the right assumptions otherwise, all your efforts will go in vain. A/B testing plays a significant role in deciding the UX design of the website. Most companies do A/B testing to figure out which design can affect the user experience favourably & can boost conversions.
To produce meaning results, you need to avoid falling in common A/B testing pitfalls. It takes a lot of efforts & resources in A/B testing so you should be aware of common mistakes to avoid it as soon as possible.
Here’re a few common A/B testing mistakes that everyone should avoid:
Short execution time
Testing without a hypothesis
nerate a predictive statement or hypothesis related to the testing which helps in understanding the impact of test results. Without having a hypothesis, you won’t be abl or how will you dismiss the negative results. To reap most out of the A/B testing, it is essential to have an initial hypothesis so that you can figure out how to fix a problem.
Running the test in holidays
Measuring the wrong metric
All your efforts of A/B testing will go in vain if you end up measuring the wrong metric. Make sure to measure all the key metrics related to the conversions as the main goal of running A/B testing is to boost conversions. Many testers measure wrong metrics such as bounce rate, email open rates, etc. To reap the most benefit, make sure to measure the right metric.
So, these are the. To improve your conversion, A/B testing plays a crucial role as it can help you in understanding incorporating which design can help in improving the overall engagements. A/B testing offers a great opportunity to have an insight into the user behaviour and allows you to bring changes in your site that can boost its performance. A single mistake can make all your efforts fall apart so, make sure to take every possible step carefully.
Wrapping it up, we can say that, When it comes to A/B testing, avoiding mistakes as much as possible is essential. Make sure to keep your eyes on these common A/B testing pitfalls to take your website’s conversion onto the next level. </s> 1 Support questions or comments
 </s> 23 Tuscan Pvt, Ottawa, ON
I just finished uploading this Stacked for


game. Not because of declining reflexes or coordination; any add-on pack for Civ 4 must remain a leisurely, turn-based affair. There's new nations and leaders to play with, six new scenarios based on legendary warriors such as Genghis Khan and Alexander the Great and new units for every nation. And as you might expect, the gameplay is unchanged - brilliantly tactical, with the usual comic animations as units clash in slow motion. Civ fans would not have it any other way. So, I'm more than up to playing this game; the question is, can I afford to?


Private Offerings under the JOBS Act
T") on April 5, 2012. The Act represents a significant deregulation of private securities offerings andprivate funds, their advisers, and broker-dealers that participate in private fund offerings. This alert is directed only to those provisions of the Act. The entire Act has been addressed in an Alert from our Corporate Practice Group thatAlert. Specifically, the JOBS Act:
within 90 days of enactment03(c) on private offerings made pursuant to Rule 506, including offerings by hedge funds and private equity funds, as a condition of ." [1]
requires the SEC to further amend Rule 506 to require an issuer relying on that Rule to be determined by the SEC.
provides that the SEC shall, in the same period, revise the revisedQIBSS.
, certain persons performing certain functions shall not be subject to registration as broker-dealerssolely because of the performance of those functions, subject to certain conditions. [2]
increases the Section 12(g) to 2,000 record holders or 500 record holder, non-accredited investors, in both cases excluding securities held by persons w
Regulation D Offerings of Private Fund Interests under Rule 506
Issuers relying on the Rule 506 of Regulation D safe harbor still will have to take steps to determine whether the purchasers are accredited. As set forth above, the JOBS Act requires the SEC to adopt rules to by methods determined by the SEC. Currently, the requirement under Rule 501 of Regulation D is that, at the time of sale, the investor be accredited or that the issuer reasonably believes the investor to be accredited. As set forth above, the reasonable belief standard still applies to the determination of whether purchasers are QIBS under the amended Rule 144A. Reasonable belief traditionally has been based on questionnaires and subscription agreements. The SEC may require something further under Rule 506 in addition to the traditional questionnaires and subscription agreements in determining methods to verify that purchasers are accredited.
Private placement of fund interests w advertising restricthe rules thereunder. Further, when broker-dealers act as placement agents or intermediaries in connection with these offerings, Exchange Act rules licable to FINRA members also will apply. (See Effect on Investment Advisers and Broker-Dealers below.)
Most private funds rely on the exceptions contained iavoid registration under the 1940 Act. Notably, both Sections 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) prohibit "public offerings" of securities. However,exempt from registration under Rule 506 (as amended pursuant to the JOBS Act) "" Thus, as the amendment applies to all of the Federal securities laws, it appears that private funds relying on the Section 3(c)(1) and 3(c)(7) exceptions will 1940 Act, if theyas long as all of their investors are "accredited investors."  the fu.
Increased Registration Threshold
Section 601 of the and requireshese amendmentJOBS Act, which means that final regulations must be adopted by April 5, 2013.
Status of Intermediary Platforms
Section 201(cwill not be subjectExchange Act solely because of certain activities, subject to certain conditions. Note that this provision appears to apply to all offers and sales in compliance with Rule 506. The persons are: (A) a  or ron or through any other means; (B) a person or person associated with that person that co-invests in such securities; or (Cprovides "ancillary services" such as due diligence or standardized documentation. [4] However, this exemption is conditioned upon: (1) the person and each person associated with the person not receiving2holding investo; and (3) any person described in (A), (B) or (C) above not being(the "bad person" provisions).
This provision appears to allow third parties to provide various services in Rule 506 offerings through web sites and other means and not be required to register as broker-dealers, provided that they do not receive purchase or sales compensation, drender investment advice or recommendations for separate compensation. The provision, except for the second prong of the definition of ancillary services (see note 4), does not specifically address a person's participation in negotiation of a purchase or sale transaction. Under Section 201(c), a platform or mechanism may permit negotiation and, under the first prong of the definition of ancillary services, a person may provide due diligence services in connection with negotiation. These activities do not appear to include broader participation in transaction negotiation. Participation in transaction negotiation, therefore, does not appear to be within the excepted activities and may continue to subject a person to broker-dealer registration requirements.
Effect on Investment Advisers and Broker-Dealers
Although be permitted in Rule 506 offerings if sales are made only to accredited investors, investment advisers must comply with the Advisers Act rules regulating advertising in connection with such advertising or solicitation to the extent applicable. Broker-dealers that are FINRA members and that are acting as placement agents or intermediaries that engage i private funds or private fund managers may be required to comply with FINRA/NASD rules concerning communications with the public and the new FINRA rules recently approved by the SEC that will replace the current rules. [5]
These new FINRA rules reduce e: (1) "institutional communications"; (2) "retail communications"; and (3) "correspondence." The requirements for principal approval, filing and content standards apply differently to each category. Communications with "accredited investors," "qualified clients" and "qualified purchasers" do not necessarily fit within "institutional communications" because there is a $50 million asset test for institutions other than certain institutions specified in the new rules. Although these rules will not affect the JOBS Act'spurchased only by accredited investors, the new rules may affect the responsibilities of broker-dealers with respect to these communications. FINRA has not yet determined the effective date of its new rules.
Expected SEC Action
[1].
[2] The JOBS Act refers to Section 15(a)(1) of "this title" but apparently meant the Exchange Act title.
[4] The term "ancillary services" is defined in Section 201 of the JOBS Act as "(A) the provision of due diligence services in connection with the offer, sale, purchase or negotiation of such security s; and (B) t"
P +1.617.261.3210


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The Farm Manager will oversee all aspects of farm production to support the needs of its farm to table culinary programof Helms College. Helms College,& The CSRA, (www.helms.edu) is the first Goodwill post secondary educational venture of its kind and offers fully accredited curriculum of certificate, diploma and degree programs. It embodies a unique integration of experiential learning, intensive student advisement and mentoring services to achieve middle skills career advancement.
WhileFarm Manager will oversee all agricultural activities of the farm which will feature in ground planting as well as greenhouse and vertical farming. The Farm Maanting and harvest schedule, maintenance of equipment and property, institution of and adherence to quality control measures for all production and scheduling the production staff and student workers. Also abe assisting with the development and leading of workshop sessions/demonstrations for students and guests, creation of curriculum materials for educational sessions and oversight of the design and execution of special events, projects and activities. Future growth potential includes management of multi farming locations.
The requirements for this position include a BS degree in the field of Agriculture (graduate degree preferred, five years of full-season farm management, including creating business,plans. Demonstrated experience in project, program and/or organizational management is also required as is supervisory experience in an agricultural setting. The Farm Manager must also have a mechanical aptitude and experience operating and maintaining irrigation systems, farm machinery, truck and small engines, greenhouse growing systems and have excellent computer skills with proficiency with MS Office.


Asked if Alex Salmond was "spinning false conspiracy theories", Nicola Sturgeonhis…by Alex Salmond, by people around him – you can draw your own conclusions around that."
In evidence to the Holyrood inquiry which was published in October, she said: "From what I recall, the discussion [with Mr Salmond's aide] c"


De Gea’sled.
Whilst it is felt the former Atletico Madrid man wants to remain in Manchester, it is understood his advisors believe his status as one of the key figures in Ole Gunnar Solskjaer’s squad, and United’s player of the year in four seasons out of five, should make him one of the club’s highest earners.
Out-of-favour forward Alexis Sanchez’s £390,000-a-week contract is seen as the benchmark.
Senior United figures have previously indicated they would allow De Gea’s contract to run down in the hope an agreement will be reached, even though it risks one of their most saleable assets leaving for nothing at the end of the season.


"I think the message is pretty clear," Councilman Tony Daysog said for people worried about sideshows. "Help is on the way."
"When the sideshows occur during our museum's operating hours, we have and will continue to call the authorities," Laura Fies, executive officer at the Hornet, said in an email to the city. "We have, in fact, become so sensitive to the city's concerns about congregations of cars that we have told unauthorized car clubs to leave our lot during business hours even if they were only photographing their vehicles against the backdrop of our historic aircraft carrier."


Alexandria Brake grew up along the Connecticut shoreline and arrived in Philadelphia Alexandria currently lives and works as an English Teacher at St. James School. She loves being outdoors, and is studying to earn  things to do in the city are running in the Wissahickon and finding the best coffee shops.


Latter-day Saint Charities Provides Grants to US Refugee Agencies
2020 Light the World Donation Distribution in Salt Lake City - Utah Refugee Connection
The nine resettlement agencid World Relief.
The Latter-day Saint Charities grants to the resettlement agencies also help support refugees with workforce training, digital literacy, community engagement and emergency funding.
The financial assistance from a Latter-day Saint Charities grant allowed a Sudanese single mother in Chattanooga, Tennessee, to pay her rent and utilities while searching for employment. She was also able to address health issues within her family and receive training on digital literacy and U.S. culture.
“e client has overcome these unique challenges and secured meaningful employment where she is paid a living wage so that she is able to financially support her family,” said Ds.
“Saving families this money enables our affiliate to assist families longer, and it gives families more time to find employment and generally settle into their new home while still being financially supported,” said Carolyn Lamere, associate director of reception and placement at the ECDC.
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The finest aneroid barometer available today for under $700. Proteus is temperature compensated and accurate to within ±0.08 inches of mercury. The dial displays in inches of mercury (27.5"-31.5") and kilopascals (93.2-106.7), and is equipped with a resettable needle pointer used to mark changes in pressure. A cutaway dial window reveals an heirloom-quality French barometer movement.
With no external wires or sensors, thiseither solid Oak or Mahogany. Please specify altitude if above 2,000'.


Getting Smart The 6th Floor Gang is returning from appetizers and drinks at Catalina's, and slowly walking back to the 6th Floor. “Why haven't we seen Get Smart yet?” “I loved that show when I was younger, I almost went without you on Saturday.” “It was on in the late 60s. You're older than I thought Scott.” Scott scrunches up his face and starts hobbling down the street. “Back in my day..we had to wind up our boob tubes. And we had to walk three miles in the snow to school. Uphill!” “They played it a lot on Nick at Night in the 80s. I assume that's what he means.” “Oh. He still makes a good geezer.” “No doubt about that.” “I was all psyched to see it Friday night, but when I got home no one else was here.” “I was there...just sleeping.” “Sleeping! It was 9:30!” “I had a rough day..” “That's why they invented beer!” “And scotch.” “Since when did you start drinking scotch?” “I've had it once or twice, it's pretty good.” “Sleeping is healthier and leaves me feeling better in the morning.” “Everyone’s always complaining they’re tired. I don’t get it.” “Take out your coffee-iv and maybe you would.” “I don’t use an IV, drinking it’s half the fun!” “You know what I mean.” The group arrives at their door. “Not it!” Billy and Scott put their fingers on their noses. “I don’t have my keys.” “Me neither.” Frank looks around and sighs. “Damn.” Frank fiddles for his keys and unlocks the apartment door.
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I love Get Smart! I have to get myself to a movie theater. I used to watch the re-runs on Nick at Nite when I was little. I had to negotiate with my mother since my bedtime was 9 PM, and I'm kind of dubious as to whether Steve Carell can do Maxwell Smart justice. The same goes for Anne Hathaway as 99.
Three Cheesecakes
Coffee Machine Difficulties


(Newser) - After starring in her own personal prison drama, Felicity Huffman has a new role lined up. The Desperate Housewives star is returning to ABC for an as-yet-untitled comedy inspired by the real-life story of Susan Savage, who inherited Triple-A baseball team the Sacramento River Cats after her husband's death,...
(Newser) - Felicity Huffman is free and clear. The actress' rep tells People that Huffman has completed her full sentence for the college admissions scandal; that included the 14-day prison sentence of which Huffman served 11 days plusTMZ reports that...
(Newser) - Turns out Felicity Huffman didn't have to cheat for her daughter. Sources tell Page Six that 19-year-old Sophia Macy, Huffman's daughter with William H. Macy, retook her SAT and got admitted to Pittsburgh's Carnegie Mellon University. Macy appeared to confirm the news, posting the school's logo...
(Newser) - Faced , aFriday via their attorneys. The couple was hit with that indictment , on federal program bribery, after being warned by prosecutors that more charges would be brought if they didn't plead guilty...
(Newser) - If anyone thought Felicity Huffman's two-week prison sentence was too short, it just got truncated even more. People reports that the 56-year-old was released the 11th day of her 14-day sentence. Huffman, who pleaded guilty to paying college admissions...
(Newser) -e...
(Newser) - and was sentenced to 14 days in prison. Lori Loughlin chose to go another route—and a US attorney for Massachusetts tells WCVB that route may not end quite as well for her as Huffman's...
(Newser) - One of the jokes during the Emmy broadcast Sunday night drew more attention than the rest. The show didn't have a host, but it did have a commentator in comedian Thomas Lennon, and he delivered a clear jab at Felicity Huffman. “The producers have asked me to give...
(Newser) - Actress Felicity Huffman is going tol , though not for very long. A judge in Boston on Friday sentenced the 56-year-old to 14 days behind barsst...
(Newser) - Felicity Huffman pleabribery scandal, and now the government has handed down its recommendation for her fate. CBS News reports that federal prosecutors on Friday called for a month...
(Newser) - F, the AP reportst...
(Newser) -...
(Newser) - Prosecutors want to see Felicity Huffman admitted y say the actress should serve between four and 10 months in federal prison for paying a consultant $15,000 to have her daughter's SAT answers altered, according to court documents...
(Newser) -...
(Newser) - Lori Loughlin's daughter wasn't exactly a babe in the woods when it came to the college admissions scandal, a source tells People .," the source says of Olivia Jade, whose USC admission allegedly...
(Newser)made their initial appearances in Boston's fed that has roiled the world of admissions and amplified complaints the system is stacked in favor of the rich. The two...
Scandal: Who Paid $6.5M?
(Newser) - We know in great detail how p alleged to have gotten their kids into college through bribes . But as the Los Angeles Times notes, one big mystery still hangs over the college admissions scandal: Who on earth paid $6.5 million to...
(Newser) - Celebrity parents accused of trying to buy college admission for their children have bought themselves some top-notch legal representation. Felicity Huffman and Lori Loughlin have hired some of the most high-powered lawyers in Boston,andal,...


Minimally Invasive Tubular Retraction (MITR)
The tubular retractor is used to create a tunnel down to the spinal column and can come in a variety of sizes, even as small as 1.6 cm in diameter (about 1/2 of an inch). A “muscle splitting” approach is employed, in which the tubular retractor is passed through a tunnel in the muscles of the back, rather than stripping the muscles away from the spine, as is done in open procedures. This approach limits damage to the muscles around the spine and decreases blood loss during surgery.
Because the spinal nerves, vertebraepproach to gain access to the spinal area requires moving the muscle tissue out of the way. In general, this is facilitated by utilizing a small incision (s) and guiding. Contrary to popular belief, lasers are very rarely used in MIS surgeries.
-aans.org


What Would You Do With an Extra 15 Minutes in the


Becoming top blogger is the dream for everyone, but this is not an easy task when it comes into the picture.  One require to do a lot of exercise on it and then only one could become the top blogger.
2. Put The Content: As much as content you will write and it will simply increase the visibility of the blog in search engine.  This is because Google loves the content and that why we say content s the king.  The life of the blog is decided by how much content does the blogger posts and also the frequency.
3. Quality Post:  Now, Google has introduced the word called Quality Post which simply means the post should have the relevant meaning with the Blog as well their should not be irrelevant content.  It happens sometime the Blog Post Title convey something while Blog Post is on some different topic.  This thing will make the visitor who are visiting to the blog will get difficult in understanding.  In order to prevent this thing Google performs the Quality check of the post.  Also it happens that a blogger used to copy the content of the different blog and posting it in own blog.  So, this thing is basically known as stealing the content.  So, the technology the Google is having is amazing one.  Google easily recognizes whether the content is original or copy and paste.  So, always try to make your own Quality Post and this could be achieved only by doing Original Post.  So, try to post the original content.
4. Go through the other Blogger Contents: If you want to know something on the topic that you want to post, you could do Googling and search the topic that you are looking for.  You will get the result and click on some of the links of the result.  Have the piece of page or notebook, and try to note down the points.  Here only write down the points which you could later on expand it in your own words which is an easy task for the blogger.  So, here I will request to go through 5 different websites and write down the points which will help in making the points and you could easily start writing on it.  Once the point is ready your 90% work is over.  Now only elaboration is to be done.
5.Be Punctual in Posting Blog Post:  Whenever you write the blog post say once in a week, twice in week , daily one, then you must write the blog post in this sequence which mean here blog post should come on every week basis and it should be regular coming and it should not be that when ever you like the blog post you post it, say once in month instead of posting once in a week.  Whenever you find the time try to write something and save it and accumulate it and at least post once in a week.  So, this thing will help you in making the punctual
6. Frequency Of posting Blog Post:  Today this is the biggest criteria for the survival of the blog post and here those blogger who are posting the blog post frequently basis will off course get the result sooner or later.  The reason behind that Google like the frequency of posting blog.  For Example: If blogger 1 who is posting the blog post once in a week, another blogger 2 who is posting the blog post twice in a week and another blogger 3 who is posting thrice in a week.  So, here the blogger who is posting thrice in a week will get a higher priority in the Google Search Engine and the blog will appear more quickly.  So, this is the reason Google likes the frequency of being posting.  If more and more blog post is posted over here, then their is a higher chance of coming in the search because blogger 3 is posting 3 blog posts per week, so 3 blogs will come in Google Search Engine while blogger 2 posts 2 blogs per week which means only 2 blogs will appear in the search engine and blogger 1 who is posting only 1 post, so only 1 blog post will appear in the search engine.  So, I hope the meaning of the frequency of the search engine is now being understood easily.
10. Always put the Honest Post:  When you are doing blogging whatever the content you are having try to post it in the original way and do not misrepresent it or manipulate it.  Whatever the content you have try to post in your word in original content with honestly.  Honesty is the best policy this is the key behind the success.  Never and Never misrepresent any thing just for getting traffic to your blog
12. Use SEO Tools:  SEO means Search Engine Optimization.  You must use the SEO plugins and this thing you could get it by downloading the plugin.  Plugin will post the link of the blog post directly in the various search engine.  Yoast Plugin you could use it.  It is provided in Free Version as well in paid Version.  At the starting you could use the Free Version and once your blog grows then you could move to Premium Yoast Plugin.  I will tell you the basic thing to start with wordpress is that make sure to change the permalink to blog post appearing in the permalinks which makes it more SEO friendly links.
15. Have the Reliable Hosting:  For Reliable Hosting I would simply Bluehost and for discounts could click on the below banner so that you get the discount.  Bluehost is rated as Number 1 Hosting company in terms of no Downtime, website never gets down and excellent online support and not satisfied you could claim your money back into the account.
Categories BloggingTags 15 Ways Of Becoming top BloggerLeave a comment
Buying Google Adsense Account
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I'd be Keith Richards so I could know what it felt like to be a rock star playing music in front of a stadium of people and absolutely nail a guitar solo.
I think it'dt.
I like any cereal that turns my milk into chocolate milk. I'll go with Cocoa Pebbles.
Turquoise blue like an alpine lake.
It's over the temperature of 70 degrees and involves pizza, wine, and corgis.
A prima ballerina. I've always loved dance so it would be great to take center stage myself… and to wear an awesome tutu.
Traveling to a place I've never been and exploring with people I love.
Cap'n Crunch (with or without Crunch Berries).
The Emperor Augustus in his prime so like 27 AD or something 'cause he was literally the first emperor of Rome and that's something you don't achieve every day.
Chillin' with my cats with no responsibilities.
Bran flakes or Special K Red Berries. I have the taste buds of a middle-aged woman.
The lime-green color from that Vine where the little girl goes "iS tHaT a WeEd?!" and calls 911 on the microwave.
We are a Denver marketing & advertising firm that provides outside-the-box strategies with an attention to detail and creative ideas to meet your marketing needs. Red Egg Marketing shuns one-size-fits-all techniques in favor of custom built strategies and innovative concepts to help your business reach its goals.
At Red Egg Marketingn. Using a grassroots methodology and creativity Red Egg Marketing We will formulate a marketing strategy based on your goals and budget. We will get your business or organization discoverednimbleness and flexibility of Red Egg Mbusiness is different, so why would their marketing needs fall into service bundles? We will createchieves its goals. Red Egg Marketing is a small business Denver marketing agency that loves small businesses. Please contact us to find out how Red Egg Marketing can help you.


Sunak was unexpectedly promoted to the Treasury’s top job in February 2020, with a brief to spread investment and opportunity as part of Boris Johnson’s ‘levelling up’ agenda. Within weeks, the coronavirus had sent Britain into lockdown, with thousands of firms in peril and millions of jobs on the lineoke.


- Title : Shitsuren Chocolatier (J-Drama) (2014)
- Fansub: Other
- Other Fansub: akamiso
Episode 03 (122 MB): Part1 I Part2
Episode 05 (102 MB): Download
Episode 06 (114 MB): Download
Episode 09 (103 MB): Download
Episode 11 (144 MB): Part1 I Part2
Having Problems with adfly / Embedupload /Safelinking?!…Try a different bowser / Try accessing via embedupload.com instead of embedupload.to or simply j…GD Star RatingShitsuren Chocolatier (J-Drama) (2014),
Thanks for uploading this dorama! :)))
RAIONA^^
Thanks for share this drama. I liked it so much!
Raiona i love u so much.. Thanks for completing ep 10 & 11 so fast
You did a really great job ^_^b


Being the first in my family to attend Pepperdine, there were a lot of unknowns for me. How should I choose a roommate?What clubs and organizations would be best for me to join?Which professors will I connect with?How close is the nearest beach to campus?


Often however, the reality of life is such that the patients have mortgages to pay, food they need to buy and children that need to be taken care of. The costs of medications, accommodations, childcare and travel for many patients can cost thousands of dollars.
The vast majority of our patients and their families find the financial burden of a hematological illness and its treatment difficult. However, they have no choice but to continue with the treatment plan.
, which can be considerable, which may cover some of these costs.
British Columbia’s Fair PharmaCare Program started May 1, 2003. PharmaCare subsidizesIf you are not signed up for the BC Fair PharmaCare program, please sign up ASAP. If you do not know how to do this, speak with your BMT social worker. For more information, visit the BC Fair PharmaCare web site.
For more information on how to do this, you can speak with your BMT social worker, call Fair PharmaCare directly at 1-800-387-4977 or visit the BC Fair PharmaCare web site.
There are some medications your physician may prescribe which are not covered by the Fair PharmaCare program. Some examples include G-CSF, Voriconazole, Valtrex, Rabeprazole and all other Proton Pump Inhibitors.
The medication must be approved by PharmaCare PRIOR to the prescription being filled. This process may take several days. If the medication is authorized, then it is considered a PharmaCare drug for that individual. The length of the PharmaCare coverage is different for every “Special Authority” medication. Another “Special Authority” form will have to be submitted if the drug is required after the first coverage expires.
A pharmacist will likely assist you with this process, please ask them any questions you may about Pharmacare and “Special Authority” drugs that have prior to discharge.
Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus are provided free of charge for transplant patients from Lancaster Pharmacy at 601 West Broadway (Tel. |||PHONE_NUMBER||| ). Patients must pay the dispensing fee.
If Prednisone is prescribed as a part of your chemotherapy treatment, it will be provided free a charge from the BC Cancer Agency. It is not covered if it is prescribed for the treatment of GVHD.
Please note that you may also be eligible for assistance with drug coverage under the BC Cancer Agency Compassionate Access Program (CAP).
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Bu.
This is a provincial income assistance program based on financial need. Programs within MSD include: Income Assistance (IA), Persons with Disabilities (PWD), and Life Threatening Health Needs (LTHN).
Provides monthly income of up to $760/month per person, if eligible. Asset criteria for regular assistance include cash assets of less than $5,000 (including: savings/RRSP/Investments/etc.). One personal vehicle and owned primary residence are excluded. Applications process includes eligibility interview with MSD worker asiving situation, income, and assets.
Click on the following Link to access more informationSD Disability Assistance webpagr short term and/Some lso require you to apply for Canadian Pension Plan (CPP) Disability as well as Long Term Disability. Please check with your Human Resources/Benefits Department to clarify coverage, timelines and application requirements. Your BMT social work acquiring the required medical documentation.
You may also be eligible for drug coverage under your extended health benefits through your employer. Check with your Human Resources/Benefits department to clarify coverage. You may also require medical documentation for coverage for some drugs.
All patients are eligible for the Travel Assistant Program (TAP).
To apply for TAP and to view a list of transportation partners, see your BMT social worker or visit the TAP web site.
The Emergency Aid partnership with the BC Cancer Agency.
You may be eligible for illness/disability provision if your loan or line of credit is insured for illness/disability. Review this option with your loans officer or bank manager.
Putting one’s legal affairs in order does not necessarily mean an anticipated negative outcome. Dealing with these issues early on in your treatment will allow you more opportunities to focus on getting better.
DISCLAIMER:
Creating an advance care plan w the health decisions you would make for yourself if a health emergency arises and you are incapable of making decisions. No one knows what tomorrow may bring, but having an advance care plan can alleviate some of the stress for family or close friends who may deal with difficult health care decisions. Visit BC Family and Social Soffers comprehensive information on as well as a registry servicww.nidus.ca.
This website provides access to general legal information. Visit their site at www.clicklaw.bc.ca.
Lawyer referral service can be found through Access Pro Bono and provides help to all British Columbians find a suitable lawyer to help resolve legal pr9
It is never comfortable to contemplate your own mortality, especially at a time when you orDeciding whether or not to make a will when you are undergoing treatment is a personal decision. While we hope for the best possible outcome from your treatment, we also encourage you to be prepared for all possible outcomes.
The purpose of writing a will is to pat, and provide care for any minor children involved according to your wishes with as few problems as possible.
By having a will, yo. A will can be useful for people who outlive you. They can then feel sure that they are carrying out your wishes.
A will needs two witnesses, both of whom need to be over the age of 19. A witness cannot be a beneficiaryou. The witness also cannot be a member of your healthcare team, such as a nurse or doctor involved in your care.
What about executors?
An executor needs to be a reliable adult, who is not likely to predecease you. You can appoint more than one executor, but keep in mind that these people will need to be able to work together to settle your estate. Most people ask a family member or a close friend to be their executor. You can also appoint a lawyer, a private trust company or the Public Guardian and Trustee as executor.
You can make a new will at any time, or change the will you have in place by signing a separate document called a codicil. The codicil has the same legal requirements as a will. The codicil must be in writing and be sigll.
Does it cost a lot of money to make a will?
The law does not require that you register your e. Please visit the Wills Registry information page on the BC governments’ website.
It may happen that at some point in your treatment, you become unable to handle your financial or health care decisions on your own. In such instances, family members are usually consulted. However, if there is a particular, you must make that clear in a legal document. This legal document is called a Representation Agreement.
Your wishes are at the center of decisions affecting you.
Those you choose will have the legal authority to help you.
You avoid extra costs, delay and conflicts that can result if there is no plan. It also eases the burden on others.
You avoid government involvement in your personal and private affairs.
Do I have to go to a lawyer or notary public?
 Then your Will takes over.
Helpful information about places to stay near VGH can be found on the CIBC Centre for Patients and Families website.


While the Indy MotoGP may not be the favorite event of the riders on the calander, for the American fan it provides a great experience.
Three of A Kind isn’t your typical bank robbery flick, but a story that brings an unlikely twist to this tried and true genre.
By Ryan | | Also posted in Audio & Video | Comments (0)
By Ryan | 02 Jul 12 | Also posted in Audio & Video | Comments (0)
These are some of my favorite Organicism Farms and Foods designs from the first half of 2012. So far in 2012 I’ve mainly concentrated on menus, website graphite, and promotional materials.
By Ryan | 02 Jun 12 | Also posted in Design | Comments (0)
Herrin Grabs the Holeshot
By Ryan | 21 Feb 12 | Also posted in Writings | Comments (0)
Vespa VBB Hand Screened Print
In the Summer of 2008 I brought back the glory days of scootering with this vintage inspired Vespa art print.
By Ryan | 22 Jan 12 | Also posted in Featured Projects | Comments (0)
By Ryan | 12 Jan 12 | Also posted in Hand Crafted | Comments (0)
In Fall 2011 my dad was kind enough to pass on his old Bultaco Astro 146 360cc dirt tracker that had been in storage since the late 1990s.
By Ryan | 11 Oct 11 | Also posted in Technical | Comments (0)
Yamaha RD350: 2-Smoke Fun Machine
By Ryan | 10 Oct 11 | Also posted in Writings | Comments (0)


You are about to go down on a chick who is on the rag.
Veronica made me go down on her while she was on the rag. So to get psyched I gave her the apache. She was so turned on.
Get the the apache mug.
A Native American group from the Southwestern USA. They have different tribes such as, the Chiricahua, Mezcalero and Jicarilla. The Navajo were once an Apache tribe, till they broke away and became a distinct, separate group. Apaches were fierce warriors that were respected and hated by their enemies. Apaches still live in the Southwest and many still speak their languages and practice their traditions, but they aren't "wild Indians" living in the bush,lol. That's just in old John Wayne movies.
The Apache are part of the colorful, rich, Southwest history.
Get the Apache mug.
In a sense of the word that has become increasingly common in metropolitan Turkish culture, the adjective/ sometime noun defines a type of person, usually a male, who wears flashy, fake-branded yet stylish clothes, supports a highly stylized quasi-emo fauxhawk, dances Tecktonik and hangs out on curbsides and concrete urban parks. The song 'I'm In Miami, Bitch' is most often associated with the Turkish Apache.
Ooh, that song Alors On Dance brings out the apache in my heart. I can't keep my arms from moving wildly, in and out and around my head!
Microsoft only dreams of creating some as good as apache.
1. American indian tribe from what is now modern-day Arizona.
2. Nickname for the United States Army's AH-64 attack helicopter.
3. Popular, free web server.
The Apache attack helicopter has seen acti
From the Sugar Hill Gang: Jump on it!
He told me he really liked the girl but couldn't find the balls to talk to her. I simply replied: "Apache!"
A popular, free, and open-source webserver with massive supporting community and used by the vast majority of websites in the world.
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April 2014ida!
We had a great timthe area around Orlando, but does not want to drive. The pick-ups were punctual. Madeline, the Tour Guide and Herman, the Driver were absolutely brilliant, pointing out all interesting places along the journey.


Stolen images, copyright removed and put back to web
Herra Kuulapaa • Regular Member • Posts: 122
I noticed today pretty nasty case of image theft and copyright removal. But it won't stop here because they put my images back to web as free wallpapers. What and where you ask? In Russia:
Either they're doing very similar stuff than I do or then they have stolen my images. I'm pretty sure of latter option and I'm sure you are as well if you check my site:
-Herra Kuulap.


This fair trade product is designed for comments to be kept forever! These handmade, fine guest books are covered with beautiful embroidered papers, making them suitable for guest’s comments and all sign in purposes. White, textured, handmade paper makes up the inside, with lines for comments. The paper is also sustainable, since it is made by recycling cotton rags and turning them into a pulp, making the paper 100% tree-free.
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3 Work and Energy 37. What is work? 38. What must an object do in order for work to be occurring? 39. What is energy? 40. What are the units of energy? 41. What is potential energy? 42. What is kinetic energy? 43. What kind of energy does a ball rolling across the floor have? 44. Or a ball being held up in the air? 45. Or a ball thrown from the quarterback to their wide receiver? 46. Describe the change between potential and kinetic energy when a person jumps on a trampoline. 47. Describe the energy transformations that occur in the following: a. Turning on a lamp. b. Burning a piece of paper c. Eating an apple 48. Describe the law of conservation of energy. 49. Explain why all mechanical systems require an outside energy source to maintain their motion. Electricity 50. Using the following symbols, draw an open and closed circuit: a. Light bulb b. Switch c. Battery d. Wires 51. What is the difference between an open circuit and a closed circuit? 52. Using the correct electrical symbols draw a picture of a closed circuit that contains two light bulbs, a switch, and a battery. 53. Describe how opposite and like charges react to each other. 54. Explain voltage, current and resistance and describe the role of each in an electrical circuit. 55. What are the units for voltage, current and resistance? 56. What is the difference between direct and alternating current?
4 57. What is Coulomb s Law? Waves 58. Draw a transverse wave and label all the parts (amplitude, wavelength, crest, trough). 59. What is needed for ALL waves to continue moving? 60. Describe the period of a wave. 61. Describe the motion of a water wave. 62. What is the relationship between the frequency and wavelength of a wave? 63. How does a transverse wave travel and how does a longitudinal wave travel? 64. What is the difference between an electromagnetic wave and a mechanical wave? 65. Sound waves are an example of what type of wave? 66. Describe the following ways that light can interact with the environment: a. Reflection b. Refraction c. Diffraction d. Interference (two types) e. Scattering f. Absorption 67. What happens to the energy in a wave as it travels away from its source? 68. What is the difference between ultrasonic and infrasonic? 69. List the forms of electromagnetic energy from largest wavelength to smallest and give two examples of each. 70. How are fluorescent and incandescent light bulbs different? 71. What are the three primary colors of light? What are the three primary colors of pigments? 72. Why do objects appear different colors? 73. What is a ray diagram? 74. Draw and label a ray diagram that illustrates the law of reflection. 75. Compare and contrast sound and light waves? (Include wave type, speed, requirement of medium)
STAAR Science Tutorial 25 TEK 8.6C: Newton s Laws
hapter 14 Homework Due: 9:00am on Thursday November 19 2009 Note: To understand how points are awarded read your instructor's Grading Policy. [Return to Standard Assignment View] Good Vibes: Introduction
P.S./PHYSICS The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING PHYSICS Thursday, June 13, 2013 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only The possession or use of any communications
H Thursday 19 June 2014 Afternoon GCSE GATEWAY SCIENCE PHYSICS B B752/02 Physics modules P4, P5, P6 (Higher Tier) *1267054309* Candidates answer on the Question Paper. A calculator may be used for this


The U.S. housing market has fared better. The real-estate downturn has affected the economy through falling home prices and a flood of foreclosures.