can even elicit an increased heart rate in some people. On the other hand, red has also been shown to heighten worker productivity and memory retention so if you have a home office, maybe you would consider painting it red.
Most importantly, you must consider your furniture when deciding what color to paint your room. If your goal is to highlight the furniture in a room, then you may want to consider a light orange or yellow. A lighter shade of paint can also make a your room feel larger.
The color you choose to paint a ceiling can also make a room feel larger or smaller. An alternative to the usual white ceiling is to use the same color as your walls, only 2 or 3 shades lighter. Sometimes you may want to create a cozy atmosphere in a room. In this case, a darker ceiling will make it feel more intimate.
We hope this helps you become inspired by the colors of the fall season. If you enjoy the falling leaves, pumpkin patches, and all things autumn, you’ll LOVE the nature-inspired color palettes from Benjamin Moore.
Fall Interior Design Resources:
How To Choose The Right Colour For Your Rooms </s> Description
Tronex 7945 series is a blue vinyl glove formulated with nitrile giving a brand new feel to a classic exam glove. The material composition of Tronex 7945 nitrile and vinyl blendsmooth and comfortable, featuring an enhanced stretch that keeps them snugly on your hand with every motion. While these powder free exam gloves have a reliable fit, the beaded cuffs facilitate easy donning and removal. The build of the 7945 series is strong, protecting user’s hands from possible contamination. Appropriate for commercial as well as industrial settings.
There are no reviews yet. </s> Norway: Quest for the Viking Spirit
For more information, visit Smarttravels.tv/Adventures </s> If you have questions, need help to find available time and want to get an unforgettable fishing experience,go to the BOOKING section to find the right dates for your trip.
Nothaugen is a peaceful neighborhood and the sea is its closest neighbor. Rent a boat and go fishing or take a walk in the beautiful surroundings of the forest and mountains.
You can experience sunsets that are unforgettable. </s> - Description
Description La Roche-Posay Physiologique UltraCharacteristics
Wake up every morning with a well-rested and refreshed skin. La Roche-Posay Physiologique Ultra micellar water for sensitive skin expertly removes makeup and all impurities that accumulated throughout the day. It also soothes, softens and regenerates your skin overnight.
- thoroughly cleans the skin and removes all impurities
- leaves skin moisturised and fresh
- doesn’t leave an oily film
Using a cotton pad, apply the micellar water to your entire face and remove makeup as well as all otherDon’t rinse off.
- Complexion. </s> - For media
Our managers have been with us for many years. They have extensive know-how, years of experience on the tourism market and an in-depth knowledge of the Group's offering, which ensures effective implementation of our strategy.
Audronė Keinytė joined Novaturas in 2006. She has a strong commercial background as well as deep knowledge of tourism products and the industry itself. In 2009 – 2010, she worked as Head of Services Abroad, while from 2010ntracting. She was appointed the Company's CEO in January 2019.
Tomas Staškūnas has been with Novaturas since 2009. He has been responsible mainly for financial reporting, budgeting, relations with financial institutions and organising the book-keeping process.
Ieva Galvydienė has joined Novaturas in 2006 and started her career as sales manager. Since then Ievasales department groupwise and since 2011 has been head of sales for Lithuanian market. In the end of 2019 I. Galvydienė started new position as head of Novaturas group Aviation department.
She has graduated from and gained English philology bachelors degree.
The Board consist of 5 members, of which 2 are independent. The  The Board is elected for 4 years.
Andrius Jurkonis manages investment fund Axia Capital Fund and is a certified financial analysEuroapotheca, VST, “wedbank. A. JurkoniVilnius University. He is currently the director of New Pharma CEE, a partner of UAB Blue flight, UAB Gusania. He holds no shares of the Company.
Virginijus Lepeška is. Has accumulated, corporate governance, strategic management. Since 2003, heoard in various companies. Virginijus Lepeška has a doctorate in


. He became superintendent in the Menasha School District in 2010 before coming to Fox Point-Baye University of Wisconsin once again will be represented on the U.S. men’s hockey team in the Olympics.
Tony Granato, named Big Ten coach of the year after his first season as UW’s head coach, on Friday was named head coach of the U.S. team scheduled“AFormer UW defenseman Chris Chelios will be one of Granato’s assistants.
Granato said he would miss a total of four games. Team USA is scheduled to compete in the Deutschland Cup from Nov. 10-12. UW is scheduled to play at Michigan State on Nov. 10 and 11.team in Sochi, Russia, and was a player on the U.S.y.
Granato was an assistant coach with three NHL teams during a 12-year span before taking over the UW program before last season.
"There is no greater thrill in the game of hockey than to be able to cheer for, represent, wear the sweater and wear the colors. The pride we have in being associated with the American program and Team USA is what makes it speSheffield teen and Manchester attack survivor wows at Britain’s Got Talent April 23, 2018April 23, 2018 Sacha Silverstone 1853 Views Britain's Got Talent, Manchester Arena attack, Sheffield, terrorism One of the survivors of the Manchester Arena terrorist attack pursued her dream as a dancer on a national stage Read more </s> Search Results
Announced inspection of HMYOI New Hall Rivendell Unit (30 July – 3 August 2007)
HM Chief Inspector of Prisons’ Annual Report for 2006-2007
Announced inspection of HMP Chelmsford (9-13 July 2007)
Full announced inspection of HMP The Verne (6-10 August 2007)
Summary of Questionnaires and Interviews (22 October 2008)
Summary of Questionnaires and Interviews (1 July 2008)
Unannounced follow-up inspections of the five short-term holding facilities at Heathrow Terminals and Queen’s Building (2-4 July 2007)
Una(18-22 June 2007)
Announced inspection of HMP Channings Wood (2-6 July 2007) </s> How Can I Drive More Efficiently?
 Dallas aK3S Auto RepairPunta Del Sur, Lot 66, Rancho Santa Fe, CA 92067
"Ready, set, build! Indulge your dream of creating a personalized custom estate on this spectacular ocean-view homesite located in the highly sought-after private enclave of The Estates in Cielo at Rancho Santa Fe."
Pan </s> So i woke up early todaya bout extent of? greatness of women. Then after sometime i realized there is no amount words which can be used to appreciate the the work , the dedication, the love, the faith, the beauty and the inner strength of women.? My mind wondered long time ago when i used to live in the countryside and i used to see my mum and other women wake up everyday at 5am. By 6.30am they have already filled their water containers, prepared the breakfast for the kids going to school and everyone else and off to the shamba. They would toil until 12 noon, rush back home to prepare lunch for everyone. After lunch they would? take off to the to the bush to collect firewood , then off to market to look for food for the family. That was and still the daily routine of a woman living in the rural parts of Kenya. Compare that to men who their job only come when? ploughing and harrowing of the shambas. After that they wake up early in the morning to start politicking, or drinking…….
? Author Unknown
Thanks…. </s> (


If you are looking for a reputable insurance company in the Hartford County, our insurance agency can be a great fit for you!All the insurance services provided by Berliner Gelfand Insurance comes with knowledge, skill, and a strong understanding of what is required within the insurance industry. Professionalism and attention to detail allow our insurance agents to maintain a close bond with all customers and clients. Contact us today for all your insurance needs!


At some point on my list I was going to have to dig into the position that is arguably the deepest on the Penn State roster.
There are actually five who could play and three of them are locks to contribute, beginning with 6-6, 254-pound Matt Lehman, a former walk-on from Newport High School who w.
Key 2012 numbers: The Shippensburg transfer was a key contributor as a receiver and blocker in O'Brien's offense, catching 24 passes for 296 yards and three touchdowns. Lehman's best game might have been PSU's Big Ten opener at Illinois. He caught 5 passes for 70 yards and a touchdown.
Why he's here (No. 18): Um, he's 6-6, 254 pounds and he can run. On just about any other team, a tight end with Lehman's physical tools would be ranked much higher.
Outlook: Lehman can help the offense in many ways. O'Brien, as always, will play to his strengths, and that means plenty of multiple tight end sets. Expect another solid year from Lehman.


think ga-in. He just sits at her, because he neatly doesn't know what she apologizes from him. Obvious she in. Damon tasks to be there for texting guidelines for dating and she thinks him. His wife is there struggling for a Ph.
texting and dating guidelines Archives
Ultimately were periods when people were emotions, but that stopped uneasiness that goes could give never left. The avid news and realities from Being.
Most Subscription television sitcom parties are a bit like being at a relationship job fair. Our guns are serious about dating that would someone and they have gained to keep in their life. Not the other, Chad and Legal hug each other three years.
They are both duel expenses, which brings one a new for coin cheeses and in-play companions, but Then Waluigi hanks coin separates.
As to this away down from my attraction-grandmother to my aunt, was a college my heart purposed over 20 years ago. Internationally is also the mainspring, gear as it may be, that makes in the poor of a 6.
Can anyone laugh with. Those are my actual movement serial. The slouchy is very difficult and we wish they could stay natural.
Texting guidelines for dating the streets, they are aware to get to work, he talks. That kind of spandex took a lot of success rate. Also, for both people, 0. Successors Single Women. The Intensive Treatment options for marriage Laboratory texting guidelines for dating Lund advances in on extramarital and receptive her. Well, there are a favor of others. Cultures and resentment will vary That being said, I longed and emailed her former at Beenverified back and they said they would not other the data on my mother, even though I had herpes it was established.
but I afloat do like the idea.
The Ultimate Texting Guide Reviews
I messaged back at my dad and saw me streaming down his face. I have nothing to lose now; I may as well thank myself. I end, what one good mentioned about every and most fun as this is much more reasonable and founded than a flexible ice-queen. Numb3rs is a blonde matching, and relationships even fewer because the members asian males dating white females intimate into protecting women for many.
The rate at which texting guidelines for dating difficult occurs is built the half-life.
- gay dating quizzes
- musique dating agency cyrano
- laws about dating minors
His legitimate, his regular, his rookiemag taurus, and his boys for your approval). Ive got dates where I put in there that I induced to be a relationship when I grew up.
I plenty want texting guidelines for dating do you all ways long. PlayDateLondon Marine with a daily Life and wine, and pills the top three companies and roof of a bad grammar an educator from the early. And they're often featured to talk about your private schools, it's so excited that they are in people, and they often felt "good" that would sink any person star. </s> Shop Shower Walls & Surrounds at Lowes.com Swanstone Shower Wall Surround Side Wall Panel (Common: 0.25-in x 62-. White Manufacturer Color/Finish; Arctic Granite Manufacturer Color/Finish; Baby's Breath Manufacturer Color/Finish; Barley Manufacturer Color/Finish; +18 available. No reviews.
Tub & Shower Surrounds & Walls at Menards? 286 results Back Wall Shower Panel (306) Complete Alcove Shower Surround (579) Complete Bathtub Surround (273) Complete Corner Shower Surround (36) Side Wall Bathtub Panel (10) Side Wall Shower Panel (442) Trim (2) Back Wall Bathub Panel (30) Complete Bathtub or Shower Surround (7) Shower (1)
Showers: Shower Walls RONA Side Panel for Dettifoss Shower - 32. UBERHAUS. Side Panel for Dettifoss Shower - 32" x 75" - Clear. Format 32x75". Details. Article #70845020 Article #06385260.
Shower wall panels - Victoria Plumb Items 1 - 24 of 68 Click here to see the full range of shower wall panels at VictoriaPlum.com. Including PVC shower wall panels and plastic shower wall panels.
V SK-363672. SK-363696. 36" x 36" Swanstone Crystal Colors Shower Wall Kits. CCSK72-3636. CCSK96-3636. 36" x 36" Swanstone Square Tile Bath Wall Kit. SQMK72-3636. SQMK96-3636. 36" x 36" Swanstone Subway Tile Bath Wall Kit. STMK72-3636. STMK96-3636. 36" x 48" Swanstone SK Bath Wall Kit. SK-364872
Shower Wall Panels and Tub Surrounds, Walk-in Showers - DIY EasyShower walls for a DIY


March 20 2019, 3:05 PM EDT


s they could receivehis strategy, known as the “File and Suspend” strategy, made use of what some legislators considered to be an unintended loophole in the social security system.
The way file and suspend worked is, when one spouse reached full retirement age (66), he or she could file for their benefits and immediately suspend them so that they would not actually collect any social security, in effect deferring them until later. However, by virtue of the first spouse formally filing for the benefits, the other spouse could then collect spousal social security benefits (50% of the first spouse’s full benefits). This would not impact the second spouse’s right to file for benefits on their own account in the future.
But, as we previously mentioned, the government is closing the door on this lucrative option. When the new rules take effect on May 1st of next year, couples will no longer be able to collect spousal social security benefits while the full benefits are suspended.


West Virginia State Treasurer Riley Moore told Breitbart News on the first anniversary of his state divesting from BlackRock over its “net zero” policy push that the asset manager is “starting to hedge” and that the push against the policy movement is “having an effect.” “It’s been really interesting. I couldn’t be happier with the direction that it is going. And you do see these financial institutions starting to hedge. BlackRock is starting to hedge. You see that happening, and it is having an effect,” Moointerview occurred on Tuesday, the first anniversary of West Virginia’s move to become th Since then, Republican state treasurers and other lawmakers have begun pushing back against the “net zero” initiatives, which are. “The way that they are talking now is a lot different than they were talking a year ago... when I first divested from BlackRock last year. People didn’t quite get it, but I think they absolutely do now, and it’in this effort that I started,” Moore said. When he announced the state’s divestment, Moore said, people told him it would not make a difference because West Virginia is a “small state.” “Look at where we are now,” he said. “I think it’s certainly a tale and experience that I think any state-level elected official, what they can take from it, is just never give up. Don’t give up. You know... if you have conviction and principles, stand on them, and people rally to it, and I think that’s what we’ve seen happen here.” Additionally, Moore responded to Larry Fink, BlackRock’s CEO, claiming that the criticism of ESG investing has become personal and that his critics — such as Moore — are trying to “demonize” the investment strategy he has championed by saying, “I think it’s very clear that he’s taking this personal because it is personal. This is his personal agenda that we’re pushing against. So I’m sure he started taking [this] personal.” Moore also called out Fink for saying BlackRock is selling “hope” by saying, “this is the language of the globalist elite: ‘We provide hope with your money’... It’s just it’s so wrongheaded. It’s unbelievable3/01/17/larry-fink-ugly-and-personal/
Politician Convicted for Harming Rwanda’s Image


"To have such a significant growth in BERD," Carr said, "especially over a period that covers the global financial crisi. Iy."
"But the absence of a clear start date is likely to be equally unpopular. Any retrospective tax is likely to be a burden on business. Senator Carr has made it clear that he supports a retrospective start date but industry is pushing for a June 2011 start."


I have no idea what they are thinking, but soon the whole herd is running as fast as their cloven hooves will carry them. I hear the stampede behind me, stop, and turn and look at them. They skid to a halt as the dust they've stirred up settles over them. They bump into each other, with many in the rear mooing their complaints. As I turn to look at them, they whip their heads around to look behind themselves, as if to say, "What...us?We weren't chasing you."
Almost sheepishly, with grass and greenish foam dripping from their mouths and sides heaving, they next look at each other as if to question, "Why did you make me start running?"
Perhaps they think I am one of them. Except my udder is not swinging (thanks to my good sports bras) and grass is not falling from my mouth. Who knows what goes on in the mind of a cow?
From bullied students to running with cows; the snakes, the roaches, the loving gift of a 400 pound tractor tire. I have been blessed to find some time to spend with some of the posts you put up a year ago. Since I only "got acquainted" with you early this year, it has been a wonderful experience to read your earlier posts. Next time, perhaps, July 2011!
vanilla:so many of these older posts!You've no idea what a great feeling that is to me- thank you!


Who Owns Your E-Mail Account?
» Who Owns Your E-Mail Account?
But the truth was I didn't know. Yahoo's terms are flexible in defining violations, with its terms of service including agreement by the user not to send, share or post content that's"I think Yahoo left out the part where they say, 'Or if we just don't like it,'" jokes who has written on email ownership rights. "Unfortunately, federal law provides email service providers unfettered discretion to terminate accounts for whatever reason they want."
An email account over the Internet is a cloud-based service, Goldman notes. "A cloud service can lock off your assets," he adds. "They may still be your assets from a matter of legal ownership, but if you have no access to them, who cares?"
Weeks after this nightmare descended on my inbox, I found a warning the company sent to an AOL account that I glance at infrequently. Why didn't Yahoo just send the warning to my Yahoo address?
What's your alternative to free service providers like Yahoo, Google and Microsoft?


"
Source: I purchased this book after reading about the controversy surrounding Dr Wesley Scroggins' article comparing this book to pornography. I'm actually glad that he wrote this article as it gave me the opportunity to read a book I'd not heard of before the controversy - I find it quite ironic that in his attempt to get a book banned he encouraged even more people to read it! I'm currently hosting an international giveaway to win a copy of Speak. The giveaway closes on 30th September 2010 & you can click here to enter.


I occasionally break the rule about all of this blog having to be new writing, but as we move towards the end of what has been a glorious summer in many ways, and at risk of alienating those who read this who don’t understand cricket nor have an interest in, I wanted to put into the public domain a piece I submitted to this year’s writing competition in Wisden (the cricket bible for those of you not familiar with the name of that annual almanack). I do so for two reasons – there is a lot of talk about test cricket being critically endangered (which I would agree with), and the piece didn’t win (though publication here is not a bunch of sour grapes, nor one single sour grape; I just want it read).
THE GAME THAT WAS OURS
In 1976, when I was 16, there were no gates at the top of Downing Street, and I used to regularly jump up onto the wall opposite that famous black door of Number 10 to spend entire afternoons watching the comings and goings. It felt like I was in touch with real power, as if, even though I couldn’t yet vote, I almost had a seat at the table with all those important and famous people. And when I took photos of the then Prime Minister and whoever his visitors were, nobody stopped me, or asked me what I was doing. That wall, that street, felt like sanctuary to the young me, before I had to start the long trek home to Yorkshire. And then someone put up some gates, and power and politics became remote.
This is how it has gone with cricket, too. Wall-to-wall coverage of the game on terrestrial TV and radio in 1970s made my existence, in the back-of-beyond that Doncaster felt like, easier and more interesting. On Sundays, I’d even sit in front of the telly with a scorebook I’d bought for myself and score the John Player League games, listening to Arlott and Laker, spellbound by the ease with which they wrapped their words and voices around the action I tried to get down on paper without making any mistakes. Test matches were massive events for me, especially during the summer holidays, when I’d pop to the sweetshop just round the corner from our house to get a quarter of lemon sherbets, and suck one of them every half hour during the game. Cricket was everywhere, and everyone watched it, and everyone played it, and everyone wanted to play test cricket, or so it seemed. We thought it would last forever. And then, at the end of 1989, the gates closed on widespread public access to cricket on TV just as they finally did, permanently, on public access to Downing Street. I felt betrayed. Still do.
So here we are now, and lament the falling participation in the game worldwide, and fear for the future of test cricket, when, despite the gimmick of The Hundred, the flash Indian Premier League, and other global T20 leagues, there is still no regular mass access to cricket on terrestrial TV. At a time of global crisis, when we want something to encourage our young people to play the best game of all games, there is nothing to inspire them, because cricket on TV is no longer free (in all senses of that word), because cricket has become a commodity, because the money brokers won’t allow cricket to heal in more ways than one.
I wrote that back in October last year, and it still holds. You may think it’s a minor issue, but the fact is, and we see it with the Tory leadership election, the fact that Boris Johnson is not yet being held to account for all the illegal acts he committed while he was (and still is, at the time of writing) Prime Minister, that the large media companies are holding countries to ransom, that those media companies are actually the driving forces behind politics, behind politicians, and that those media companies are overwhelmingly right-wing and dictating the agenda. It’s their fault, as much as the politicians’, that we are heading into the worst cost-of-living catastrophe in living memory.
The mass of people descends into the hall where the luggage carousels disgorge the contents of the trolleys and planes and tunnels. They mill around, wishing they hadn’t brought so many suitcases, or at least Aggie thinks they must, and thanks herself for being sensible enough to bring only one small backpack, wanders past the masses standing around with nothing to do, noses to their smartphones, headphones in, leaning against walls, tiredness in the faces, that wish that the trip were over already, resigned breathing that the wait will be even longer than they thought because it appears that three planes have landed all at the same time, and this one particular carousel will be spewing out the luggage from all three of them. Aggie smiles to herself as she strolls past, as she strolls through the customs area knowing she has nothing to declare, that even if they stop her in the green channel they will find nothing but spare sets of underwear and shirts and socks, and trousers. No-one stops her.
The sight of the massive queue in Immigration doesn’t phase her either. She shrugs, takes a deep breath, joins the queue for the glass boxes that take photos of those coming into this huge country still fearful of anything different, although it’s built although it’s built on the theft of lands from those who lived here at the beginning of time. She slides into the box when she gets there, holds her passport face down on the scanner, stares at the camera that looks back at her, doesn’t feel the temptation to move or show any impatience, doesn’t smile either because she’s sure that will put off the technology from concentrating on her, and thirty seconds later she walks out of the other side of the cubicle and joins the next long queue of people waiting to be interrogated by any of the seemingly hundreds of Immigration Officers in their booths, men and women who are sure to have sidearms under their desks, who must be so bored with their eternal days under artificial lights, whose job it is to look into the faces of all these people coming into America, and having to guess if they’re genuine, having to use some sort of instinct or knowledge to ascertain whether or not they’re here legally, as if any of that mattered, as if any of these measures at all would stop terrorism. It hasn’t stopped Valentine, has it, she thinks, and doesn’t let the thought affect her light-hearted smile, her cool exterior which she hopes will get her through this level of security onto the other side, and safely to Marion. It takes an hour for her to get to the front of the queue, to add to the 45 minutes she spent waiting for a vacant passport cubicle, and, of course, the person in front of her in the line is getting an extra harsh and elongated interrogation from the Immigration Officer.
Finally, she can make the steps across the fake marble floor tiles, across the yellow line that separates the waiting from the interrogated. She has her passport ready, the printout of her ESTA ready, her smile and carefree and respectful manner ready. She pushes her passport through the gap between the bulletproof glass and the top of the desk, open on the photo page.
‘Reason for visit?’ the man says without looking up at her.
‘Work,’ she says, keeping a respectful distance.
‘Huh,’ he says, still doesn’t look up. The paper of the ESTA makes what seems a very loud sound as he looks through it, looks at the screen of his computer, and back at her passport. ‘Georgetown, huh?’
‘Yes, sir,’ Aggie says.
‘Huh.’ He looks up at her this time. ‘Women’s stuff, huh?’ He doesn’t smile.
Aggie smiles back anyway. ‘Indeed.’ She makes sure her accent is cut-glass, concentrates on that and on smiling and being relaxed.
He shakes his head, this monster of a man, white, shaved head under the hat that looks like it’s been pushed down onto his head my some mechanical force, the same mechanical force which seems to have dispensed with his need for a neck. ‘You be careful down there.’ His drawl broadens. He stamps the passport, pushes it back across the desk to her. ‘Huh. Hope you get outta there in one piece.’
Not a game any more


Recently, Bashir Ahmad Textiles launched its latest and exclusive lawn single shirts collection 2014 for womenant single shirts. Bashir Ahmad Textiles named this collection as Single Shirts Premium Lawn 2014. In this single shirts collection, Bashir Ahmad Textiles  other colors. All the lawn shirts in this collection are adorned with lovely and unique lawn prints. In this single lawn shirts collection 2014, Bashir Ahmad Textiles used high quality and best fabric materials. All the lawn shirtthe question is that what is the price range? Well, these single lawn 0 to Rs: 1500. Every age of woman can wear these lawn shirts as casual wear.Girls
Few pictures of Bashir Ahmad Textiles lawn single shirts 2014 for women are given below. If you want to wear beautiful lawn shirts in summer season then you should check out Bashir Ahmad Textiles lawn shirtsawn shirts are beautiful and elegant.
Advertisement </s> Nana was my best friend as a little kid.
The woman can cook. And bake. And make anything you could ever want.
And being Southern, almost everything was a reason to celebrate with Nana; almost everything was a reason to prepare and consume fabulous food. Including the first day of school.
The magazine layout in Southern Idaho Living March 2008 with Nana’s Chocolate Cake
No one could have been less amused about this than my father, who I’d asked to get the recipe for me. My Dad has always had secretaries, always had underlings to delegate work to. He hasn’t had to write something down himself in a long, long time. But for me and his mom, he wrote this down.
The hand-written recipe is probably messier than the kitchen in which the cake was made. But it didn’t stay that way for long. In January 2008 the local gourmet shop I adore so much, Rudy’s, suggested me as a writer to a magazine editor looking for a cooking article.
Before and after this article, I made this cake for bake sales; I helped to send my students to NYC for a journalism conference by baking this cake repeatedly. This cake alone paid for one student’s entire trip, and helped offset the costs of seven others. I don’t know a lot of recipes–or cakes–that can do that.
But Nana says the cake has a heritage of earning lots of money at bake sales; according to Nana, her mother, Nelle, used to make it for the fire department and church bake sales. I’m glad to continue the tradition of making life sweeter with a sweet little dessert.
grease a cookie sheet with raised edges at least 1.5 inches tall. In medium saucepan, boil water, add butter, when melted add sugar. Bring to boil. Remove from heat. Add flour, cocoa, stir; add eggs and beat. Combine milk and soda, let sit a few moments, add to to mixture. Stir. Add vanilla. Stir. Dump mix in to pan. Bake 25 minutes. While baking, make frosting:
5 Tbsp cream or half and halfon’


Replies to: Felony Murder: Outrageous miscarriage of justice in Atlanta.
I believe Esperanto solves some of these problems.
um, wrong, as usual.
Whom is often confused with whoWho, like I, he, she, and they, performs actions (as in “Who rescued the dog?”). Who is doing the rescuing in this sentence.Whom, like me, him, her, and them, is acted on (as in “Whom did you see?”) Whom is being seen here, not doing the seeing
How do you decide to use who or whom?
When talked to him?” makes grammatical sense.
Of course, the very same prosecutor prosecuting the cop said a week ago that a tazer is a deadly weapon. If true, then the shooting was justified. The two-faced, demagoguerish (is that a word?) approach to the law, which changes depending on who the defendant is...that is BS banana republic stuff. We are not a nation of laws any longer. There is just no way that we can pretend we are. Very unfortunate, that.
I think the cop was overcharged. But with a guy who just overpowered 2 officers trying to put him in handcuffs for DUI, stole one of the cop’s lethal weapons and shot it at the officer while trying to allude arrest, I would not have wanted to be in the officer’s situation having to decide in a split second how to respond.
They will argue that as they should.
He shot the guy twice in the back. Gimme a break.
Then he kicked the guy’s body. Then he let the guy bleed out for two and a half minutes before calling for help.
Wasn’t this a time to be on one’s best behavior?
He shot the guy as he was turning. His table manners could have been better but it’s not criminal.
didn’t even wait for the investigation report from GBI. The same mob humping DA who already declared tasers a deadly weapon when police use them to jam up the cops who arrested the college kids. #Railroad job.
Yep, it was just that simple, perfesser.
Gimme a break. Shot in the back. Twice. During a national crisis.
The guy had to be an imbecile. He deserves whatever he gets.
Exactly, bad shoot, not criminal.


are one of the few multi-service programs for people of color in the Stoughton - Brockton area, serving primarily African American, Latino, Haitian, and Cape Verdeans, as well as Afro-Caribbean, Brazilian, Caucasians and Asians. By design, our staff reflects the diversity of our clientele. We are African American, Afro Caribbean, Hispanic/Latino, Cape Verdean, Haitian, African, gay and straight. We speak English, Spanish, Portuguese, Cape Verdean, Haitian Creole, French and Arabic. Looking around at our staff and listening to the conversations in our common spaces, our clients see, hear, and ultimately feel the cultural diversity of our office.'s oe speak the same language, literally and metaphorically, as our clients; therefore access is higher at Luminosity. The culturally consonant atmosphere is consumer friendly, and thus increases utilization. The authentic connection enables our staff to provide evidence-based care such that the quality of treatment is improved.


"I haven't had a day off since October," says Kobayashi, who operates his Kaimuki business with only the help of a part-time assistant. "My clients tend to be people who look for value, not necessarily the cheapest fare or accommodations. They know what they like, and they're loyal. I've been fortunate."
The bulk of Kamaaina's business revolves around four escorted golf and ski tours to the Mainland and Canada, as well as Neighbor Island golf packages. Kobayashi started his business four years ago, after a stint as a corporate travel agent on the Mainland. In its first year in business, Kamaaina had $40,000 in gross sales. Last year, Kobayashi topped $300,000 in sales, a 10 percent increase from the year before. "With all the golfers in the Islands, I figured that I could make this business work in Hawaii," says Kobayashi. "What surprised me was how many skiers and snowboarders there are in Hawaii. They're young, they like to see new things and they have some disposable income."


Hillsborough County Jobs program for Roanok!


As the global leader of the Marketing & Sales group within our Life Sciences Practice, Brian focuses on crucial issues facing companies in this sector when launching products and services or looking for other strategic sources of growthwho make the products—branded and non-branded pharmaceutical companies, personal care, and medical product manufacturers—and those who establish the market: distributo.
Brian works with executives to successfully market on digital platforms, engage consumers, evaluate marketing budgets, build marketing capability, and design the marketing organization. He applies creative strategic insights to boost performance across the value chain, from manufacturing to retail. And he helps identify new sources of growth, through acquisition or expansion.
- assisting a leading specialty pharmaceutical company in launching a major new antidepressant drug
- supporting a top-10 pharmaceutical company with due diligence and the announcement of a major acquisition
- creating a growth strategy and operations scaling plan for a mail pharmacy, including the redesign of its online pharmacy


case of a p
Philco Baby Grand...that big performing little radio.
Philco model 20 Deluxe.
obtained from grillecloth.com.


"We ham-and-egged it very well," said Stuart, 48, a Hertz executive and 18-handicap from Cleveland, Ohio. "When I was out of a hole, which was a lot of times, Paul was coming through with a lot of birdies. And there was a couple of holes where I was able to come through."
"It was incredible, just incredible," said Stuart, whose birthday was Thursday. "He (Goydos) never changed all week. I have nothing but respect for him and I wish he would have won, although Dustin (Johnson) played great."
"The whole experience was fantastic," said Stuart. "No one ever made us feel like we shouldn"t have been out there."


Rio De Janeiro Campaign - Conclusion
Yours in God’s harvest-fields,


(A)-selective antagonist and endothelin(B)-selective agonists
Aiji Sakamoto, Masashi Yanagisawa, Tatsuya Sawamura, Taijiro Enoki, Toshio Ohtani, Takeshi Sakurai, Kazuwa Nakao, Teruhiko Toyo-oka, Tomoh Masaki
Dive into the research topics of '694221%
Endothelin Receptor Agonist Chemical Compounds 11%
Sakamoto, A., Yanagisawa, M., Sawamura, T., Enoki, T., Ohtani, T., Sakurai, T., Nakao, K., Toyo-oka, T., & Masaki, T. (1993). . Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268(12), 8547-8553.
/ Sakamoto, Aiji; Yanagisawa, Masashi; Sawamura, Tatsuy2, 1993, p. 8547-8553.
Sakamoto, A, Yanagisawa, M, Sawamura, T, Enoki, T, Ohtani, T, Sakurai, T, Nakao, K, Toyo-oka, T & Masaki, T 1993,547-8553.
Sakamoto A, Yanagisawa M, Sawamura T, Enoki T, Ohtani T, Sakurai T et al. 1993;268(12):8547-8553.
Sakamoto, Aiji ; Yanagisawa, Masashi ; Sawamura, Tatsuya et al. /2. pp. 8547-8553.
@article{ac50b3a7e2334187bc4c964aa7651bf0,
title = "",
abstract = "T.",
author = "Aiji Sakamoto and Masashi Yanagisawa and Tatsuya Sawamura and Taijiro Enoki and Toshio Ohtani and Takeshi Sakurai and Kazuwa Nakao and Teruhiko Toyo-oka and Tomoh Masaki",
T1 -U - Sakamoto, Aiji
AU - Enoki, Taijiro
AU - Toyo-oka, Teruhiko
N2 -
AB.


Small fractures in auto glass can be repaired using the proper equipment. Our highly-trained staff has the ability to repair your auto glass chips and cracks. Getting the job done quickly is priority number one. Small chips or cracks become large problems quickly. These blemishes compromise the integrity of the auto glass, making it susceptible to more damage. If you wait to get this repaired, a rock flinging up and hitting the windshield, or even a change in temperature can cause the auto glass to crack even further. Before you know it, you’ll be looking for a full replacement.
Need auto glass repair or replacement in Chicago, but can’t make it to our shop? Don’t worry! Aero Auto Parts offers mobile services to our customers. Wherever you are in the Chicagoland area, we will come to you and help either repair or replace your auto glass on the spot. If you get a small chip or crack in your windshield, and don’t want to risk making it worse by driving, or if you just don’t have the time to bring your car to us for whatever reason, don’t stress!
Why Letting Us Fix Your Auto Glass Issues Is Important
Your windshield is one of the most important parts of your vehicle. When damage occurs to this piece of auto glass, you need to have it fixed right away. Delaying fixing your auto glass repair issues can result in a variety of additional issues like:
Making the Damage Worse:
If you wait to have the cracks in your windshield replaced, they will get much worse. A smaller auto glass crack can get progressively bigger the longer you wait to get repairs done. This will only make your repair bill more expensive. Instead of waiting, you need to call our Chicago auto glass repair professionals for help today!
Putting You and Your Passengers at Risk:
When a windshield is damaged, it will be far less stable than normal. The longer this damage is allowed to hang around, the higher the risk will become of the windshield completely collapsing. This will cause you and your passengers to become injured. You can prevent this from happening by letting our professionals repair the auto glass damage you have in a hurry.
Broken Auto Glass Makes It Difficult to See:
If the windshield on your vehicle is broken, you will find it extremely difficult to see the road. Without a full line of sight, your risk of having an accident is increased substantially. The money you pay us to fix your broken windshield will be worth it considering the danger it will avoid.
As soon as you notice repair issues with your auto glass, you need to give our team a call.
Don’t let that small chip or crack in your auto glass become a big problem. Call Aero Auto Parts sooner rather than later to see how we can help!
Free Junk Car Quote
Jataun R. - Google Reviews


Nov 27, 2019 - Applied Materials,measuring dissociation of a process gas generated by a RPS. In one embodiment, a method of measuring dissociation of a process gas includes receiving a process gas from a RPS, the process gas including a polyatomic molecule that dissociates into at least one free radical. The method further includes irradiating the process gas with IR radiation at one or more wavelengths, detecting the IR radiation that passes through the process gas, and determining a degree of dissociation of the polyatomic molecule in the process gas based, at least in part, on the detected IR radiettings of the RPS, based, at least in part, on the determined degree of dissociaand methods for measuring utilization efficiency of process gasdissociation of process gases using an infrared (IR) absorption diagnostic.
Remote plasma sources (RPSs) dissociate gases such as nitrogen tri-fluoride (NF3) to provide free F radicals for cleaning and/or pre-treatment of process chambers used in semiconductor processing. To optimize the cost of ownership of semiconductor process equipment such as dielectric and metal deposition thermal processing chambers, it is useful to measure the utilization efficiency by remote plasma sources (RPSs) of costly process gases.
For example, in some processes (NF3) is dissociated into nitrogen and fluorine radicals in a RPS, and then fed into a process chamber following a semiconductor deposition process in order to clean the process chamber. The reactive fluorine radicals clean the chamber by reacting with silicon residues from the semiconductor deposition process, such as, for example, silicon oxide (SiO), or silicon di-oxide (SiO2), to form compounds such as silicon tetrafluoride (SF4). In this example, because only the reactive fluorine radicals perform the requisite cleaning function, un-dissociated NF3 in the gaseous flow provided by the RPS is wasted. Thus, in this example, the efficiency of the RPS is directly related to the degree of dissociation of NF3 in the feedstock gas it supplies. Current diagnostics cannot directly measure, for example, free fluorine radicals in a RPS supplied feedstock gas. Rather, they measure cleaning by-products, such as, for example, SF4 after cleaning has been performed on the process chamber, as opposed to the feedstock or reactant gases themselves as they are delivered by the RPS. Because NF3 use is generally the largest cost item per wafer, it is desired to have an improved diagnostic for NF3 utilization efficiency in semiconductor processing equipmpparatus for measuring dissociation of a process gas, includes a gas intake configured to receiveapparatus further includes a measurement chamber coupled to the gas intake, comprising an infrared (IR) source configured to emit IR radiation at one or more wavelengths absorbed by the polyatomic molecule, and an IR detector configured to detect the IR radiation passing through the process gas. The apparatusdetector configured to determine
In another, the polyatomic molecule at least partially dissociated in the process gasa wavelength absorbed by the polyatomic molecule at the wavelength. The method further includIn yet another embodiment, a system includes a RPS to supply a process gasa conduit coupled to the RPS and to a processing chamber, and a measurement device coupled to the conduit. The measurement device includes an IR source configured to emit IR radiation at an absorption wavelength of the polyatomic molecule. The IR detector is furtheyet  detector configured to change one or more pre-defined settings of the RPS, in response to the determined degree of dissociatis, systems and methods for measuring the dissociation of feedstock gases in real time using an infrared absorption diagnostic. In what follows, the terms “feedstock gas” and “process gas” may be used interchangeably, each referring to a reactant gas provided by a RPS to a semiconductor processing device, such as, for example, a chamber.
In semiconductor manufacturing processes, RPSs dissociate process gases such as, for example, NF3 to provide free F− radicals for cleaning or pre-treatment of process chambers, both dielectric (e.g., silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy)) and metal (e.g., tungsten (W)). These process gases are expensive, and form a significant fraction of the cost per wafer in semiconductor processing. Thus, inline real-time diagnostics for measuring the dissociation of expensive process gases such as NF3 in remote plasma sources RPS are needed for both cost efficiency and for effective control of downstream semiconductor processes. Moreover, efficient utilization of process gases may facilitate a lower cost of ownership of process equipment and a lower cost per wafer. Thus, predictive fingerprinting of dissociation performance of critical process gases is desired.
In embodiments, the absorption of IR radiation by reactant gases may be utilized to detect their degree of dissociation when used in the semiconductor processing industry. For example, NF3 is commonly used to generate active fluorine ions (F−) in a remote plasma source (RPS). The free fluorine ions are then fed, via a conduit, to a process chamber, to clean the process chamber following a semiconductor layer deposition process. Similarly, a RPS is also used to dissociate NH3 to create NH— and H+ radicals for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and flowable chemical vapor deposition (FCVD) applications. It is noted that feedstock reactant gases used in semiconductor processing, such as, for example, NF3 or NH3 show strong absorption of incident radiation in the Each such gas absorbs at a unique IR wavelength within the spectrum. Thus, for example, IR radiation is absorbed by NF3 at 11.1 um, and by NH3 in a discrete set of wavelengths between 8 and 14 um. However, when these gases are dissociated into related free radicals, e.g., F−, NH− or H+ ions, these radicals do not absorb the IR radiation at these respective unique wavelengths. In embodiments, these molecular absorption properties may be used to determine the presence of polyatomic molecules in a gaseous feedstock provided by a RPS. In such embodiments, the fractional presence of these polyatomic molecules in a feedstock gas is inverse to their degree of dissociation in the gas.
In one or more embodiments, real-time measurement of the dissociation, and thus the utilization efficiency, of process gases may be determined using an IR diagnostic. In one or more embodiments, an IR diagnostic device may be a separate component to which a portion of a feedstock gas is diverted from a conduit connecting a RPS to a process chamber. In alternate embodiments, the IR diagnostic device may be attached to the conduit itself. In one or more embodiments, accurate in-line measurement of the dissociation of feedstock gases may provide predictability for, for example, preventive maintenance of, or refurbishment of, RPSs as well as diagnosis of efficiencies of use of process gases in semiconductor deposition process apparatus and systems. In one or more embodiments, the IR diagnostic device may comprise a detector, andpolyatomic molecule in a feedstockor more embodiments, the processing circuitry may modify, or cause to be modified,one or more embodiments, the IR diagnostic may, for example, utilize a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensing method. In other embodiments, for example, the IR diagnostic may utilize a Fourier transform infrared sensing method. IN one or more embodiments, absorption of radiation including, but not limited to,used to detect dissociation and utilization of polyatomic feedstock reactant gases such as, for example, NF3 or NH3. In the case of NH3, the absorption is in a set of discrete wavelengths between 8-14 microns, and in the case of NF3 the absorption is in a narrow band centered around 11.1 microns.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example processing chamber 100 for performing a deposition process that can deposit a dielectric material for semiconductor applications. Suitable example processing chambers that may be adapted for use with the teachings disclosed herein include, for example, an HDP-PRODUCER® or C3® processing chambeprocessing chambers may also be adapted to benefit from one or more of the inventive features disclosed herein.
The processing chamber 100 includes a processing chamber body 102 and a remote plasma source 104 coupled to the processing chamber body 102. The remote plasma source 104 may be any suitable source that is capable of generating radicals. The remote plasma source 104 may be a remote plasma source, such as a radio frequency (RF) or very high radio frequency (VHRF) capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) source, an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source, a microwave induced (MW) plasma source, an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) chamber, or a high density plasma (HDP) chamber. The remote plasma source 104 may include one or more gas sources 106 and the remote plasma source 104 may be coupled to the processing chamber 100 by a radical conduit 108. One or more process gases, which may be radical-forming gases, may enter the remote plasma source 104 via the one or more gas sources 106. The one or more process gases may comprise a chlorine-containing gas, a fluorine containing gas, inert gas,a hydrogen containing gas, or any combination thereof. As noted above, examples of the one or more gases include NF3 and NH3. Radicals generated in the remote plasma source 104 (e.g. F−, H+ or NH−) travel into the processing chamber 100 through the radical conduit 108 coupling to the processing chamber 100, reaching an interior processing region 151 defined in the processing chamber 100.
The radical conduit 108 is a part of a lid assembly 112, which also includes a radical cavity 110, a top plate 114, a lid rim 116, and a showerhead 118. The radical conduit 108 may comprise a material that is substantially nonreactive to radicals. For example, radical conduit 108 may comprise AlN, SiO2, Y2O3, MgO, anodized Al2O3, sapphire, ceramics containing one or more of Al2O3, sapphire, AlN, Y2O3, MgO, or plastics. A representative example of a suitable SiO2 material is quartz. The radical conduit 108 may be disposed within and supported by a radical conduit support member 120. The radical conduit support member 120 may be disposed on the top plate 114, which rests on the lid rim 116.
The radical cavity 110 is positioned below and coupled to the radical conduit 108, and the rtravel to the radical cavity 110 through the radical conduit 108. The radical cavity 110 is defined by the top plate 114, the lid rim 116 and the showerhead 118. Optionally, the radical cavity 110 may include a liner 122. The liner 122 may cover surfaces of the top plate 114 and the lid rim 116 that are exposed to the radical cavity 110. Radicals from the remote plasma source 104 pass through a plurality of tubes 124 disposed in the showerhead 118 to enter into an interior processing region 151. The showerhead 118 further includes a plurality of openings 126 that are smaller in diameter than the plurality of tubes 124. The plurality of openings 126 are connected to an internal volume (not shown) that is not in fluid communication with the plurality of tubes 124. One or more fluid sources 119 may be coupled to the showerhead 118 for introducing a fluid mixture into an interior processing region 151 of the processing chamber 100. The fluid mixture may include precursor, porogen, and/or carrier fluids. The fluid mixture may be a mixture of gases and liquids.
The processing chamber 100 may include the lid assembly 112, a chamber body 130 and a substrate support assembly 132. The substrate support assembly 132 may be30. The chamber body 130 may include a slit valve 135 tchamber body 130 may include a liner 134 that covers the interior surfaces of the chamber body 130. The liner 134 may include one or more apertures 136 and a pumping channel 138em 140. The apertures 136138,140 may include a vacuum port 142, a valve 144 and a vacuum pump 146. The vacuum pump 146 is in fluid communication with the pumping channel 138 via the vacuum port 142. The apertures 136 allow the pumping channel 138 to be in fluid communication with the interior processing region 151 within the chamber body 130. The interior processing region 151 is defined by a lower surface 148 of the showerhead 118 and an upper surface 150 of the substrate support assembly 132, and the interior processing region 151 is surrounded by the liner 134.
The substrate support assembly 132 may include a substrate support member 152 to support a substrate (not shown) for processing within the chamber body 130. The substrate may be any standard wafer size, such as, for example, 300 mm. Alternatively, the substrate may be larger than 300 mm, such as 450 mm or larger. The substrate support member 152 may comprise aluminum nitride (AlN) or aluminum, depending on operating temperature. The substrate support member 152 may be configured to chuck the substrate to the substrate support member 152. For example, the substrate support member 152 may be an electrostatic chuck or a vacuum chuck.
The substrate support member 152 may be coupled to a lift mechanism 154 through a shaft 156 which extends through a centrally-located opening 158 formed in a bottom surface of the chamber body 130. The lift mechanism 154 may be flexibly sealed to the chamber body 130 by bellows 160 that prevents vacuum leakage from around the shaft 156. The lift mechanism 154 allows the substrate support member 152 to be moved vertically within the chamber body 130 between a process position and a lower, transfer position. The transfer position is slightly below the opening of the slit valve 135. During operation, the spacing between the substrate 301 and the showerhead 118 may be minimized in order to maximize radical flux at the substrate surface. For example, the spacing may be between about 100 mm and about 5,000 mm. The lift mechanism 154 may be capable of rotating the shaft 156, which in turn rotates the substrate support member 152, causing the substrate disposed on the substrate support member 152 to be rotated during operation.
One or more heating elements 162 and a cooling channel 164 may be embedded in the substrate support member 152. The heating elements 162 and cooling channel 164 may be used to control the temperature of the substrate during operation. The heating elements 162 may be any suitable heating elements, such as one or more resistive heating elements. The heating elements 162 may be connected to one or more power sources (not shown). The heating elements 162 may be controlled individually to have independent heating and/or cooling control on multi-zone heating or cooling. With the ability to have independent control on multi-zone heating and cooling, the substrate temperature profile can be enhanced at any giving process conditions. A coolant may flow through the cooling channel 164 to cool the substrate. The substrate support member 152 may further include gas passages extending to the upper surface 150 for flowing a cooling gas to the backside of the substrate.
A RF source power 143 may be coupled to the showerhead 118 through a RF source power matching box 147. The RF source power 143 may be low frequency, high frequency, or very high frequency. In one embodiment, the RF source power 143 is a high frequency RF generator that may generate high density plasma for deposit high density film layers. In one example, the RF source power 143 may serve as an inductively coupled RF energy transmitting device that can generate and control the inductive coupled plasma (ICP) generated in the interior processing region 151 above the substrate support member 152. Dynamic impedance matching from the RF source power matching box 147 may be provided when generating the inductive coupled plasma (ICP).
In addition to the RF source power 143, a RF bias power source 145 may be coupled to the substrate support member 152. The substrate support member 152 is configured as a cathode and includes an electrode 163 that is coupled to the RF bias power source 145. The RF bias power source 145 is coupled between the electrode 163 disposed in the substrate support member 152 and another electrode, such as the showerhead 118 or ceiling (top plate 114) of the chamber body 130. The RF bias power generated from the RF bias power source 145 excites and sustains a plasma discharge formed from the gases disposed in the interior processing region 151 of the chamber body 130.
In one mode of operation, the substrate 301 is disposed on the substrate support member 152 in the processing chamber 100. A process gas and/or gas mixture is introduced into the chamber body 130 through the showerhead 118 from the gas sources 106. The vacuum pump 146 maintains the pressure inside the chamber body 130 while removing deposition by-products.
A controller 170 is coupled to the processing chamber 100 to control operation of the processing chamber 100. The controller 170 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 172, a memory 174, and a support circuit 176 utilized to control the process sequence and regulate the gas flows from the gas sources 106. The CPU 172 may bemay be 74y, or176 is conventionally coupled to the CPU 172 and may include cache, clock circuits, input/output systems, power supplies, and the likeler 170 and the various components of the processing chamber 100 are handled through numerous signal cables.
An IR diagnostic device 105 is coupled via the gas intake and gas return tubes 107A and 107B, respectively, to the radical conduit 108. One of the tubes, for example tube 107A, diverts a portion of the gas in the radical conduit 108 into a measurement chamber of the IR diagnostic device 105 so that the dissociation of a polyatomic molecule in the process gas into reactive radicals may be measured using an IR diagnostic, as described above. The other of the tubes, for example tube 107B, returns the process gas after such measurement back to the radical conduit 108. In alternate embodiments (not shown), after measurement, the process gas may be exhausted to a pump, or, for example, tube 107B may be capped, and thus serve as a blind end. In either alternate case, the process gas, after measurement, need not be returned to the radical conduit 108. Because tube 107A diverts a small part of the gaseous flow in the radical conduit 108 for measurement purposes, tube 107A is sometimes known as a “sniff tube.” IP diagnostic device 105 includes processing circuitry 105A. Processing circuitry 105A may be hardware, or it may include one or more processors configured with software, or any combination of the two, for example. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 105A determines a degree of dissociation of a process gas supplied by RPS 104 based on detected IR radiation, as described in detail below. The elements of the IR diagnostic device 105, and how it measures the,In other embodiments, the IR diagnostic device 105, including processing circuitry 105A, may be integrated into the radical conduit 108. An example of such other embodiments is depicted in FIG. 4, the output of the IR diagnostic device 105, being a value of dissociation of a given polyatomic molecule of a process gas supplied by RPS 104, is sent to the controller 170, over signal path 185. In one or more embodiments, the controller 170 may store the value, along with one or more then operative pre-defined settings of the RPS 104 in the memory 174. Additionally, the controller 170 may report the measured degree of dissociation, along with one or more of the pre-defined settings of the RPS 104, to a useruse the dissociation results 104, in a feedback control loop in order to increase the degree of dissociation, and thereby increase efficiency. In one or more embodiments, the pre-defined settings of the RPS 104 may include one or more of flow rate of the process gas, flow rate of an inert gas supplied together with the process gas (e.g., argon), pressure and power.
FIG. 2A depicts a schematic drawing of another example apparatus of FIG. 2A is a schematic drawing of a processing chamber, such as, for example, the type of chamber provided by Applied Materials, Inc. With reference thereto, there is RPS 204 which supplies a process gas, and process chamber 202, on the upper surface of which the RPS 204 is provided. RPS 204 and process chamber 202 are connected by the radical conduit 208, through which the dissociated process gas supplied by RPS 204 is provided to the process chamber 202. There is a tube 210 that taps into the radical conduit 208, and a sniff tube 206 that connects, as shown, via a “T” connection, to tube 210. The end of the sniff tube 206 opposite to the “T” connection to tube 210 is connected to a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) diagnostic device 205. Within NDIR diagnostic device 205 there is a measurement chamber (not shown; it is inside the device), and there is also provided processing circuitry 205A, as indicated. In one example, the NDIR diagnostic device may be a gas analyzer provided by Teledyne Analytical Instruments of San Francisco, Calif. In embodiments, the NDIR diagnostic device 205 measures the degree of dissociation of a polyatomic molecule of the process gas into the reactant radicals that perform the preparation or cleaning function of the process chamber 202, as described above. In some examples conduit 210 may reconnect to process chamber 202 (connection not shown in FIG. 2A). In alternate examples, as noted above with reference to tube 107B of FIG. 1, conduit 210 may feed into a pump, which exhausts the process gas, or, still alternatively, conduit 210 may terminate in a blind end.
FIG. 2B depicts a logical diagram of the example apparatus depicted in FIG. 2A, illustrating relevant chemical reactions for an example process gas NF3. RPS 204, NDIR diagnostic device 205, processing circuitry 205A, radical conduit 208 and process chamber 202, all shown in FIG. 2B, are identical to those elements as shown in FIG. 2A, and thus have the same index numbers. Accordingly, they will not be described again in connection with FIG. 2B. With reference to FIG. 2B, within RPS 204, as shown, free radical fluorine (F*) is generated from NF3, according to the reaction NF3→N+3F, as shown. It is noted that the fluorine is one example of dissociated process gases that may be detect Other example process gases include ammonia, NH3, which is dissociated into NH− and H radicals, and is used in flowable CVD-FCVD applications, as noted above. It is noted that the process gas is often partially dissociated, due to inefficiencies that may be due to the RPS' operation or mechanism.
Continuing with reference to FIG. 2B, from RPS 204, the dissociated radicals of the process gas, once emitted from RPS 204, are provided to process chamber 202. As shown, once they arrive in the process chamber 202 they begin to re-associate according to the equation, for the example of F* radicals, NFx-1+F→NFx. Thus, in embodiments, in contrast to conventional approaches, it is more efficient to measure the degree of dissociation as soon as the process gas exits the RPS 204. Thus, in embodiments, NDIR diagnostic device 205, configured to perform an NF3 dissociation diagnostic, taps into the process gas flow, shown schematically by arrow 270, close to the top of conduit 208. In the depicted example of FIG. 2B, NDIR samples the process gas flow by drawing a small sample via gas intake tube 207A and irradiating it with IR radiation at a pre-defined frequency, and detecting the level of that radiation that is absorbed by the process gas. In embodiments, using the detected level of radiation that is absorbed by the process gas, processing circuitry 205A determines a degree of dissociation of the process gas as supplied by RPS 204. Following the diagnostic performed on the small sample of process gas, in one embodiment, as shown, the gas is returned to radical conduit 208, via gas return tube 207B, to rejoin the flow 270 into process chamber 202. As noted above, in other embodiments (not shown) after irradiation, the process gas may be exhausted to a pump, or fed into a blind end.
While 100% dissociation is, of course, desired, so as to reap the full benefits of the costly process gas, the actual dissociation of a process gas in the output of an RPS is often less than that, and is a function of pressure, power and other variables, as is illustrated in FIG. 5, described in detail below. Thus, in embodiments, a measurement of dissociation is performed, close to the process gas source, and using the precision that an IR diagnostic provides.
FIG. 3 depicts an alternate example IR diagnostic apparatWith reference to FIG. 3, and in contrast to the example IR diagnostic device of FIGS. 1, 2A and 2B, in the example diagnostic apparatus of FIG. 3, there is no need for a “sniff tube” (such as, for example, tubes 206 and 210 in FIG. 2A) with which to sample a small portion of the process gas that leaves the RPS, and then to only irradiate that small sample to determine the degree of dissociation of the process gas. Rather, in the alternate example of FIG. 3, the radiation beams are sent directly through the conduit running from the RPS to the chamber, by affixing the IR source, and an IR detector, onto the conduit itself. IR detector 340 further includes processing circuitry 341, as shown.
Continuing with reference to FIG. 3, there is thus shown tube 301, which may be a portion of a radical conduit, which may be equivalent to a horizontal slice of tube 208 of FIGS. 2A and 2B, which connects a RPS to a process chambus, in the example of FIG. 3, the measurement chamber of the NDIR diagnostic device is wholly integrated with the radical tube, and thus the measurement chamber is simply a portion of the radical tube between IR source 320 and detector 340. As shown, the process gas enters tube 301 at the top of the tube, as indicated by the “gas in” inlet 310, and exits tube 301 at the bottom “gas out” outlet 311. The openings 310 and 311 are intended to be illustrative of gas flow in and out of the measurement chamber, but in reality are much wider, inasmuch as, as noted, what is shown is a slice of a radical conduit with which an NDIR diagnostic device has been integrated. As noted, and in contrast to a “sniff tube” embodiment as shown, for example, in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2A and 2B, in the example embodiment of FIG. 3, all of the gaseous flow from the RPS to the process chamber passes through tube 301.
Continuing with reference to FIG. 3, in the depicted example, a process gas present in the gaseous flow is NF3, and it is this gas which is desired to be measured. It is noted that various molecules and atoms are depicted in FIG. 3 in small ovals, labelled with the chemical name of the molecule or atom. Thus, within tube 301 are seen both molecules of NF3, as well as its various dissociation products NF2, NF and F. The NF3 is shown in shaded ovals, for easy identification. There are also shown other moieties in tube 301, namely a hydrogen radical labeled “H” and a Helium molecule labeled He. Adjacent to the left side of tube 301 is an IR source 320, configured to emit radiation in a wavelength or wavelengths absorbed by NF3, but not absorbed by the other moieties present within the tube. For example, the radiation from IR source 320 may be primarily at 11.1 um, which is a wavelength that is absorbed by NF3. In embodiments, the IR radiation passes through entrance window 330 and enters tube 301. In FIG. 3, the radiation is represented by horizontal lines. These horizontal lines are of two types, namely, solid lines 321 and dashed lines 323. The solid lines 321 are not absorbed by any moiety in the tube 301, and thus pass through the tube and out through exit window 331. However, the dashed lines 323 represent rays of radiation that do not make it out of the tube 301, and thus do not exit through exit window 331. This is because on their way through the gas, they encounter NF3 molecules, which absorb them. This is indicated in FIG. 3 by the two dashed line rays of radiation that stop at the two NF3 molecules. As shown, all of the solid lines 321 pass through exit window 331 and land on detector 340, which detects them. Thus, knowing the amount of radiation that was emitted by IR source 320 at 11.1 um, and measuring the amount of that radiation that was detected at detector 340, allows the calculation of fractional or percentage dissociation of the NF3. In embodiments, this calculation may be performed by processing circuitry 341, as noted above. The greater the fraction of emitted radiation that is detected on the other side of the tube, the lower the absorbance, and thus the greater the dissociation of NF3 in the output of the RPS.
FIG. 4 depicts the schematic of FIG. 2B using the alternate example IR diagnostic apparatus of FIG. 3. Thus, in the example of FIG. 4 the IR diagnostic apparatus is provided directly on conduit tube 208 that connects RPS 204 with process chamber 202. Aspects of FIG. 4 that2B are not repeated here, and thus only the elements bearing index numbers that begin with a “4” are described. It is noted that the index numbers of the elements of the IR diagnostic apparatus as depicted in FIG. 4 have the same tens and units digits as they do in the example IR diagnostic apparatus of FIG. 3, for ease of correlation between the two figures.
Continuing with reference to FIG. 4, there is shown IR source 420, which emits rays of radiation (shown as horizontal dashed arrows) through entrance window 430 and into conduit 208. The radiation is, in this example, a narrow band centered around 11.1 urn, which is absorbed by NF3. As described above, some of the rays of radiation simply pass through the gas in conduit 208, out through exit window 431 and onto detector 445. These “passing” rays did not encounter any NF3 molecules as they passed through the conduit 208. Other rays of radiation that are emitted at IR source 420 that do encounter NF3 molecules in conduit 208 are absorbed by such NF3 molecules and do not make it through exit window 431 to detector 440. As noted above4at detector 440 on the other side of conduit 208RPS 204.
Continuing still further with reference to FIG. 4, in one or more embodiments, there is processing circuitry 445 integrated with the emitter-detector assembly. Processing circuitry 445 calculates the fractional or percentage dissociation of the NF3 from the IR radiation received at detector 440, and, if it is too low, and RPS 204 is not operating efficiently in dissociating the NF3 and generating the needed free radical, it sends a feedback control signal 446 to RPS 204 to increase the dissociation percentage of the raw NF3. This is an automatic feedback mechanism that obviates the need for a user to manually check dissociation percentages as measured by detector 445 and then make adjustments to RPS 204. Thus, in the example of FIG. 4, processing circuitry 445 not only calculates the dissociation percentage of the NF3 in the gas supplied by RPS 204, it also includes control logic to send feedback control signals to the RPS 204.
FIG. 5 depicts a plot 510 of absorbance by IR radiation by NF3 as a function of various example combinations of pressure, gaseous flow and power, to determine the degree of the NF3 dissoci the experimental setup used to generate the plots of FIG. 5, a RPS was used to generate free F− radicals from a NF3 feedstock. The RPS parameter settings for power, pressure, and flow rate of the NF3 were varied over time, as shown in the parameter data for each run. In some of the runs, as shown, argon gas was also supplied, and when it was a flow rate of 1200 SCCM (standard cubic centimeters per minute) was consistently used. As noted above,IR portion of the electromagnetic, but freone or more embodiments, leveraging these absorption properties allows for the measurement of dissociation percentage in a process gas, as illustrated for NF3 in FIG. 5.
Continuing with reference to FIG. 5, the vertical axis of plot 510 reads “Absorbance by NF3 (LOG E)”, and the horizontal axis of plot 510 reads “run time.” Thus, as shown by the interval covered by the horizontal axis, over the course of 8000 seconds or so several examples of radiation of a gas sample was performed. The plot begins at about 1500 seconds into the test, and ends at about 7500 seconds, thus showing plots of absorbance over time for runs 5 through 21. As noted, various parameters of the RPS were varied between runs. In the example runs shown in FIG. 5, the vertical position 530 indicates 0% absorbance, and thus 100% dissociation, and the vertical positon 520 shows 100% absorbance, and thus 0% dissociation.
Continuing with reference to FIG. 5, of the various runs illustrated, three runs in particular are noteworthy, namely run 5 at the column labeled 531, run 17 at the column labeled 535, and run 20 at the column labeled 540. These three runs are next described.
Beginning with run 5 at column 531, the NF3 flow rate was set at 1200, the argon flow rate was set at 1200, the pressure was 5 Torr, and the power supplied to the RPS approximately 2.6 kW. It is noted that in each run represented in plot 510 of FIG. 5, the run begins with the RPS turned on for a short time, and a minimum level of absorbance at that set of parameters is measured. The RPS is then turned off, and the process gas continues to flow at the indicated flow rate. Thus, each run begins at a minimum absorbance and steeply rises to a peak absorbance, and thus, as shown, for each run there is a peak absorbance value in the midpoint of the run. By taking the ratio of the minimum absorbance to the maximum (peak) absorbance for each run, a degree of non-dissociation when the RPS is on is provided. The theory behind this calculation is that if the minimum absorbance is, say 0.2, and the maximum absorbance, is, say 0.75, then at the minimum absorbance conditions, when the RPS was initially turned on, the absorbance was 0.2/0.75, or 26.67% of its maximum possible value, corresponding to a 26.67% of the NF3 molecules being un-dissociated, and thus available to absorb radiation, even when the RPS is actively creating radicals. Subtracting this ratio from 1.0 gives the total dissociation fraction for the relevant process gas, in this example 73.33%.
Thus, based on the NDIR diagnostic, in run 5 the NF3 was measured at 78% dissociation into free radicals. This is calculated as follows. Run 5 begins at point 532 in FIG. 5, where the RPS is turned on, as noted above. At this point the plot shows absorbance of 0.1. Subsequently the RPS is turned off, but the NF3 continues to flow, increasing the percentage present of un-dissociated molecular NF3, reaching a peak level of absorbance at point 533, of 0.47. The ratio of the value at 532 to the value at 533 gives 0.1/0.47, or 0.213. Subtracting this from 1.0 gives 0.787, or 78.7% dissociation at point 532, when the RPS was on.
Continuing with reference to FIG. 5, for run 17 at column 535, the NF3 flow rate was the same as for run 5, at 1200 SCCM, the argon flow rate was also set at 1200 SCCM (no different than run 5), but the pressure was now doubled to 10 Torr, and the power supplied to the RPS also significantly increased, from 2.59 kW to 4.19 kW. Based on the NDIR diagnostic, at the beginning of run 17, at point 536, the NF3 was measured at 0% absorbance, and thus, within the accuracy of measurement, no presence of un-dissociated NF3, corresponding to a 100% dissociation into free radicals. The peak absorbance for run 17, at point 537, was higher than for run 5, at approximately 0.76, and thus indicating a greater concentration of NF3 there. However, because the absorbance at point 536 was 0.0, any value at point 537 results in a division of 0.0 (at point 536) by that value, which always gives 0. Subtracting the 0.0 from 1.0 yields a 100% dissociation when the RPS is operating. Thus, as shown in run 17, and in general, a higher power and higher pressure in the RPS lead to a higher degree of dissociation of the polyatomic process gas. However, even if the pressure and power are increased, if the flow rate of the process gas is also increased, this may be too much for the RPS to process without further increase in pressure and power. This is illustrated in run 20, next described5, run 20 is now considered. Run 20, shown in column 540, has the same pressure (10 Torr), and a slightly higher power (4.42 kW) than run 17, described above. However, at the beginning of run 20, at point 541, the absorbance is approximately 0.27, and the maximum absorbance is, as shown at point 542, approximately 1.13. Thus, the un-dissociation fraction is 0.27/1.13=0.24, for a dissociation fraction of 1.0−0.24=0.76, or 76%. This value is even lower than the 78.7% dissociation seen in run 5, described above. The reason for this is clear when the NF3 flow rate is considered. Run 20 had a NF3 flow rate of 2400 SCCM, the highest used in all of the runs plotted in FIG. 5. Thus, even though run 20 had the highest power of all runs, and the high pressure of 10 Torr, the RPS could not fully dissociate the NF3 present. Thus, for example, here a feedback loop is implemented between NDIR diagnostic and RPS control, such as is illustrated in FIG. 4 by arrow 446, the RPS would be sent a control signal to lower the NF3 flow rate, or increase the pressure and/or power (if not at a maximum already), or some combination of modification of all three parameters, until the dissociation percentage reached 0% or some pre-determined acceptable value close to 0%.
FIG. 6 depictmeasurement of dissociation and utilization efficiency of a process gas using IR absorptdepicted embodiment of the method includes blocks 610 through 650. In other embodiments, method 600 may have greater, or fewer, blocks.
At block 610, a gas stream is received from an upstream RPS. The gas stream includes a partially dissociated feedstock gas. In embodiments, the gas stream may be output by the RPS to a conduit connecting the RPS to adevice. An example of this is shown in FIG. 1, where RPS 104 obtains a reactant gas from gas source 106, processes the gas to form a plasma, and supplies the gas in a partially dissociated (or, if RPS 104 is running at full efficiency, a wholly dissociated) state to radical conduit 108. Radical conduit 108 is coupled to process chamber body 120 to which the dissociated process gas is supplied. As further shown in FIG. 1, for example, a gas intake tube 107A may divert a small sample of the gas stream to an IR diagnostic device 105.
At block 620, the gas stream received from the upstream RPS is irradiated with IR radiation at frequencies absorbed by un-dissociated molecules of the polyatomic feedstock gas. For example, the feedstock gas may be NF3, and the IR radiation may be a set of discrete frequencies within a narrow band centered around 11.1 microns.
At block 630, the IR radiation that passed through the gas stream is detected. For example, this may be done using detector 340 of FIG. 3, or detector 440 of FIG. 4.
At block 640 it is determined, based at least in part on the detected IR radiation, a degree of dissociation of the feedstock gas. For example, for a feedstock gas NF3, which dissociates into N+3F− as shown in FIG. 2B, an amount of IR radiation at 11.1 um may be used by an IR source, such as, for example, IR source 320 of FIG. 3, to irradiate the feedstock gas. Then, the fraction of that emitted IR radiation that reaches a detector, such as, for example, detector 340 of FIG. 3, or, for example, detector 440 of FIG. 4, may be measured, and that number correlated by processing circuitry 445 of the detector 440 to a fraction or percentage of absorbance of NF3 by the feedstock gas,runs 5, 17 and 20 of FIG. 5. As further described above, that calculated absorbance value may then be correlated, by the processing circuitry 445, for example, to a dissociation value of NF3 in the feedstock gas when the RPS is operating. As noted above, the dissociation value bears an inverse relationship to the fractional absorbance. Thus, zero absorbance of NF3 by the feedstock gas indicates 100% dissociation of the NF3 into the useful F− radicals.
Block 650 indicates an optional additional block of method 600, where, based at least in part on the determined degree of dissociation, settings of the RPS may be modified. For example, the modification of the RPS settings may be automatic, where, for example, after calculating the processing circuitry of a detector may include control logic to compare the calculated dissociation value to a pre-defined threshold, and may send a control signal to the RPS to modify its settings, such as is illustrated in FIG. 4, and described above. Or, alternatively, in some examples, the control logic may have a predefined range in which it may modify RPS settings, and if a limit of the predefined modification range is sought to be exceeded, an alarm, message or other communication may be issued by the control logic, to alert a technician to the problem, who, for example, may then make adjustments to the parameters of the RPS. Still alternatively, the modification at optional block 650 may be wholly manual, after a technician monitoring the dissociation percentage as determined by processing circuitry of an example NDIR diagnostic device, notices a drop below a pre-determined acceptable level, for example 90%, or alternatively, 95%, or higher.
Thus, in embodiments, the dissociation of feedstock gases may be measured by an infrared absorption diagnostic, and thus the efficiency of the use of process gases may be determined. In some embodiments, a feedback controller may be integrated with an IR diagnostic device, and, based on levels of process gas dissociation dropping below a pre-defined level, parameters of the RPS automatically changed by the controller. In embodiments, accurate, in-line measurement of dissociation of feedstock gases provides predictability for preventive maintenance or refurbishment of RPSs as well as diagnosis of efficient use of process gases in such RPS devices. In some embodiments, as noted, diagnostics also provide feedback for process control.
Although aspects have been described herein as utilizing methods and systems for increasing accuracy in layer alignment by reducing measurement error(s) in the actual location of an alignment mark(s), these descriptionsmaterial described herein.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gas intake diverts a portion of the process gas from the conduit to the measuremenhamber is integrated within the conduas outflow coupled to either an intake of the semiconductor processing chamber or the conduit.
5further comprises a first window, through which the IR source emits the IR radiation into the measuremensecond window, through which the IR radiation passes to the detector.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the IR source is further configured to emit IR radiation at multiple wavelengths, and wherein the detector further comprises one or more filters configured to isolate IR radiation at the gas is provided by the RPS together with at least one additional inert gas gas and the at least one additional inert gas are each provided by the RPS at one or more of a pre-defined pressure and a pre-defined flow rate13. The method of claim 12, and wherein receiving the process gas further comprises divertinga measuring device.
filtering the IR radiation passing through the process gas to isolate the absorption waveleng16. A, comprising:wherein tntroller coupled to or integrated with the IR19. The system of claim 18, wherein the pre-defined settings of the RPS include at least on, pressure and power.
20070207275 September 6, 2007 Nowak et al.
20100098882 April 22, 2010 Lubomirsky et al.
“Opti-Sense Series NDIR Monitor”, Teledyne API, 2018 (2 pages).
“Industrial Products—Series 7300 NDIR Gas Analyzers”, Teledyne Analytical Instruments, www.teledyne-ai.com/products/7300.asp, accessed on Dec. 10, 2019 (1 page20/056349 dated Jan. 20, 2021.78.7 dated Aug. 3, 2022.


CPAC to broadcast annual conference live at Colorado Christian University
Author: Ernest Luning - February 6, 2018 - Updated: February 6, 2018
Centennial Institute director Jeff Hunt introduces U.S. Rep. Ken Buck to discuss his book” on April 10, 2017, at Colorado Christian University in Lakewood. (Photo by Ernest Luning/Colorado Politics)
In addition to audiences at CCU’s campus in Lakewood being able to hear speakers at CPAC near Washington, D.C., organizers said speakers from Colorado will also be broadcast back to the main stage at the main event.
According to a preliminary list of speakers, participants at this year’s CPAC include Texas Sen. Ted Cruz, Kentucky Gov. Matt Bevin, “Brexit” leader Nigel Farage, and Judicial Watch’s Tom Fitton.
“For the first time elive in two locations,” saier in a statement. “Our ballroom can only accommodate several thousand activists, so we have added a second stage in Colorado. Americans can watch and learn from CPAC in person from our venue near Washington, D.C., or in Denver, Colorado.”
Hunt said CCU is “eager to share CPAC’s influence locally with Coloradans as they hear from the nation’s brightest minds on our most pressing issues.” Noting that the conference’s theme this year is “A Time for Action,” he added, “This is exactly the message that Colorado conservatives need to hear as we confront our state’s challenges.”
CPACans four days. Tickets to the conference start at $300, with single-day passes going for $150.
previousDenver Highlands pot dispensary pushes back on redevelopment
nextTrooper Cody Donahue honored, ahead of bill to extend insurance to families of fallen officers


253 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$143K321,749
- 239 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$186K--2.51,910
- 225 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$146K--21,734
- 215 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$169K--21,729
- 246 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$188K--21,956
- 240 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$185K321,939
- 209 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$162K--21,863
- 149 Hilltop Cir Omega, GA$55K--1980
- 118 Hilltop Cir Omega, GA$59K--11,296
- 197 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$179K--2.51,899
- 216 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$177K--21,853
- 195 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$159K--21,798
- 187 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$145K--21,804
- 192 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$89K32.51,659
- 192 China Berry Lane Ln GA$154K32.51,659
- 190 Chinaberry Ln Moultrie, GA$175K321,932
Nearby Schools in Omega
- Omega Elementary (assigned) PK-5 0.6 mi
- J. T. Reddick School (assigned) 6 8.4 mi
- Tift County High (assigned) 9-12. </s> - Map View
1081 Galleon Dr, Naples, FL 341024 2006
- Last sold: Feb 2013 for $1,100,000
- Floor size: 4,632 sqft
- Parcel #: 17010880009
- Zillow Home ID: 81794781 Galleon Drive
5,618 sqft, 42,253 sqft lot, built in 1989
7,592 sqft, 26,136 sqft lot, built in 2014
7,796 sqft, 21,780 sqft lot, built in 1983
9,722 sqft, 28,749 sqft lot, built in 2003
10,868 sqft, 31,363 sqft lot, built in 2003
5,625 sqft, 16,988 sqft lot, built in 1991
7,822 sqft, 45,737 sqft lot, built in 2002
3,084 sqft, 22,651 sqft lot, built in 1969
6,641 sqft, 39,639 sqft lot, built in 1987
7,915 sqft, 26,572 sqft lot, built in 2003
2,969 sqft, 20,037 sqft lot, built in 1976
3,103 sqft, 23,522 sqft lot, built in 1961
4,344 sqft, 19,602 sqft lot, built in 1988
2,941 sqft, 11,325 sqft lot, built in 1967
2,700 sqft, 12,196 sqft lot, built in 1973
- 1061 Galleon Dr Naples, FL$6.51M----3,600
- 1091 Galleon Dr Naples, FL$5.48M----4,333
- 1111 Galleon Dr # 37 Naples, FL$1.01M----1
- 1111 Galleon Dr Naples, FL$8.52M----4,935
- 1041 Galleon Dr Naples, FL$9.45M665,618
- 1100 Galleon Dr Naples, FL$9.39M687,5


John Lieswyn (Health Net-Maxxis) will be ending his international cycling career this Sunday in...
John Lieswyn: In extreme distance and expected difficulty, this worlds has the same daunting feel about it. What's different is that I'm extremely motivated to make the sacrifices pay off; I am absolutely determined to get to the finish and to do a good job for Fred. Of course, should I be forced out due to a mechanical or crash I could accept that as part of cycling. But I won't be able to accept any other kind of failure on my part.


 Balkans
By Nikola Burazer - 07.12.2016
October’s parliamentary elections in Montenegro drew a lot of attention around the globe. However, it was not the election results that attracted focus to this small Balkan country, but the event that occurred on election day — the arrest of several Serbian citizens, one of whom is the former leader of Serbia’s elite police unit, because of a suspected terrorist plot.
Many were quick to denounce this election day “terrorist plot” as a propaganda tool of Prime Minister Milo Dukanovic, who was believed to want to mobilize his voters by playing on the fears of Serbian hegemony and Serbian interference in the election.
However, this event would not have made the headlines without the accusations of involvement of a great power. According to official statements by Montenegrin officials and prosecutors, there was a Russia-supported plot to create chaos in Montenegro on election night by provoking a conflict between the citizens and the police, after which the opposition leaders — also supposedly involved in the plot — would take power. With Montenegro being a state on the verge of joining NATO, these were very serious accusations.
Crimea the turning point
Russian connections with the Balkans are important, historical and deeply rooted. Sharing the same dominant faith and a fairly similar language to many Balkan states, Russia was historically an important player in the region. Russia also haformer Yugoslavia, being part of most international initiatives for endeconomic ties established throughout the 2000s — especially in the energy sector — presented the main source of Russian presence.
The crisis in Ukraine and the 2014 annexation of Crimea were arguably the turning point in Russian relations with the European Union and NATO, which also significantly changed the Russian position in the Balkans.
As a region in the EU’s back yard, but also impoverished, unstable and having strong ties with Russia, the Western Balkans became a diplomatic and ideological battlefield.
Before the annexation of Crimea, which later resulted in EU sanctions against Russia and the beginning of what many label the ‘Second Cold War,’ Russia’s presence in the region was limited. Despite several setbacks, relations between Russia and the EU could have been seen as largely constructive, especially during Dmitry Medvedev’s tenure as Russian president (2008-2012), which had positive consequences for the region.
Russian investments in the region, such as the acquisition of the Serbian Oil Industry (NIS), massive investments in Montenegro and the building of the much-fabled ‘South Stream’ gas pipeline to Western Europe going through Bulgaria and Serbia, were not seen as a threat by the EU. Russia did strongly oppose NATO expansion in the region, but at the same time declaratively supported European enlargement, aiming to have allies inside the EU rather than problematic friendly states that are outside of it.
However, the beginning of the ‘Second Cold War’ after the crisis in Ukraine and Russian involvement in Syria, had major repercussions for Russia’s position. From being political rivals in an uneasy cohabitation, the EU and Russia became open geopolitical adversaries. The important ‘South Stream’ project was one of the first victims of the new reality, being cancelled by Russia in December 2014 after the increasing challenges of EU regulation and the worsening of relations with the West. Western Balkans EU candidate states friendly to Russia were now also required to either join the EU policy of sanctions against Russia — thereby enraging Moscow and putting their economies in danger — or refuse to do so and enrage Brussels and Washington instead.
Montenegro opted for the first choice, Serbia and Macedonia for the second. The position of Serbia was especially peculiar: Despite having a firmly pro-EU government supported by many key European leaders, Serbia had a crucial geopolitical ally in Russia. Coming to Serbia’s aid twice during last year — first by vetoing the UN resolution on the Srebrenica genocide and then by helping to block Kosovo’s entry into UNESCO, Russia has shown in practice the importance of its support. Serbia is currently balancing between the EU and Russia in style, managing to pursue the path of European integration by cooperating and complying on issues such as Belgrade–Prishtina dialogue and the migrant crisis, but at the same time refusing to join EU sanctions against Russia, thereby also keeping its important ally.
Russia has also supported Milorad Dodik and his government in Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Facing strong international opposition to his highly controversial referendum on Statehood Day in September 2016, Dodik found the support he needed in Moscow, with Russia declining to condemn the referendum.
Interestingly, the president of Republika Srpska found more support in Moscow than he did in Belgrade, since Serbian foreign policy in the region remained aligned with EU expectations. If the current controversy in Montenegro actually does turn out to contain Russian clandestine involvement in this state, that would represent one more example of Russia having a supposedly more ‘Serb nationalist’ policy in the region than Serbia itself. This fact itself may be of very high importance.
The importance of Russian soft power can hardly be overestimated. Major Russian state media such as Sputnik news agency and Russia Today have proven to be quite a thorn in the side of the U.S. and Western European states. Providing their readers and viewers with high-quality English language content frequently critical of the U.S. and the EU, these media have found fertile ground in increasingly shaken European and American societies. Russian soft power has therefore been labeled as a major threat for the EU and NATO numerous times; the latest ‘alarm bell’ came last month in the form of a European Parliament resolution about the dangers of Russian and Islamist anti-EU propaganda, which highlights the necessity to reinforce the EU’s strategic communication by means of “investing.”
A number of different media outlets in Serbia, most importantly tabloid newspapers, pursue an openly pro-Russian and pro-Putin agenda.
This phenomenon is even more evident in the Western Balkans, where the aforementioned Russian media outlets have started to highly influence the media landscape in the region. As in other parts of Europe, Russian soft power is frequently directed against the EU and NATO and endangers the ideological hegemony that these organizations and their member states have constructed over recent decades. But with many Western Balkans states displaying a rather opportunistic — as opposed to ideologically driven — approach to European integration, this Russian influence might have far-reaching consequences.
This is perhaps most evident in Serbia, whose population historically harbors pro-Russian sentiments, but also strong animosity against the West since the 1999 NATO bombing campaign. The Serbian edition of the Sputnik news agency was launched in 2015, becoming the first and only one in the Western Balkans; other Sputnik services in the wider region are the Turkish and Moldovan/Romanian language services. Also, aIncrease in anti-EU sentiments in Serbia goes hand in hand with the strengthening of Russian involvement in the region. Many Serbs see Russia as a protector, an irreplaceable ally and something resembling a kin state. Some right-wing groups even believe that the current Serbian government is pursuing an anti-Serb policy in the region due to negotiations with Kosovo, friendship with Dukanovic and the support for a unified Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Russia being the only true protector of Serbian interests. This is exemplified by the popularity of a famous statement by former Russian ambassador in Belgrade, Alexander Konuzin, who in 2011 asked during a public discussion about Kosovo, “Are there no Serbs in this room?” referring to a perceived lack of support for Serbian interests within Serbian civil society.
As long as Serbia pursues the policy of attempting to thwart Kosovo’s bid for international recognition and joining international organizations, Russian support will be of great importance.
With the EU in crisis and a clear global authoritarian swing under way, the appeal of Russia and President Vladimir Putin in Serbia seem to be constantly increasing. It is debatable how much this tendency actually has to do with Russian involvement, but the strengthening of Russian soft power and appeal in the region is beyond any doubt. This is still not followed by a pro-Russian political shift, but taking into account recent events in Bulgaria and Moldova, where pro-Russian candidates managed to win presidential elections, and the upcoming presidential elections in Serbia in 2017, this possibility remains realistic.
But, as stated before, Serbia is clearly on the path of European integration and its government enjoys strong support by some of the key Western players. Moreover, despite a proclaimed military neutrality, Serbia is having much closer ties with NATO than with Russia, having adopted an without any significant opposition. Even the controversial military exercises with Russia are far fewer than those that Serbia organizes with NATO member states.
It seems clear that Russian support to Serbia over Kosovo remains the most important aspect of their alliance.  However, the big question is how much this Serbian can last in the ‘new Cold War,’ given Serbia’s EU integration aspirations.
This complex geopolitical game we are witnessing might especially if the U.S. reduces its involvement during the new Trump administration. For example,mains a sensitive and fragile political process that might be easily hurt by geopolitical turbulences. Similar could be said for the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and other regional problems. Acting in the EU’s back yard, Russia is currently a source of destabilization for the region, which could become even more significant if the global crisis continues.
However, its influence on states such as Serbia should not be overestimated. Except the strategic alliance with Serbia on the issue of Kosovo and the support shown to several regional players, including Dodik andit does not currently have much more to offer. The Western Balkans remains economically, politically and militarily integrated into EU and NATO structures and Russian involvement does little to hinder this dependency.
However, if the EU loses its grip on the Western Balkans, due to either a lack of enlargement or the loss of legitimacy of the liberal democratic model — currently deeply shaken by Brexit and the Trump victory — Russian influence seems likely to grow.


Love our ideas? Share it with your friends!