PostgreSQL的Ltree模块是否适合于线程评论？
PostgreSQL的Ltree模块是否适合于线程评论？[英] Is PostgreSQL's Ltree module a good fit for threaded comments?
database postgresql tree comments hierarchy
本文是小编为大家收集整理的关于PostgreSQL的Ltree模块是否适合于线程评论？的处理/解决方法，可以参考本文帮助大家快速定位并解决问题，中文翻译不准确的可切换到English标签页查看源文。
我正在考虑使用postgresql的 ltree module 申请帮助线程注释.我已经看了一段时间来用于线程评论.我认为这将有助于您需要更新节点及其孩子的情况，例如当您想隐藏评论及其答复时.
我在想ltree(或类似的东西)，如果它与传统的邻接列表相结合(" comment_id"/" parent_comment_id")将很有用.
在使用ltree之前，我想知道一些事情:
您还是使用过ltree?它可能称之为"生产准备"?
如果是这样，您使用什么问题来解决?它做得很好吗?
您认为这很适合 线程评论系统?
如果您使用了它，则用于路径的"文本"部分?您是否设置了类似DMOZ示例之类的东西，它们使用了" top.astronomy.cosmology"或将其基于主键" 1.403.29.5"?
有更好的方法吗?使用嵌套列表方法，我有点紧张 - 我读过的所有内容都表明，更新或插入材料并不是全部(您不必重新排序整个过程吗?).我也不是CS专业，这种数据结构是我将来可能会忘记的.是否有人使用嵌套列表进行注释或类似的内容?
如果有任何帮助，这是我正在考虑的模式:
ltree使用的"路径"列看起来像:
在路径中使用主键有什么问题吗?我应该在路径中加入节点自己的主键吗?如果我这样做了，在上面放置一个独特的索引以作为约束是有意义的吗?
是，是;
知识库中各节的层次结构(实施之一);
有问题的表的定义:
Table "knowledgebase.section"
Column           |           Type           |                                  Modifiers
section_sid                | integer                  | not null default nextval
section                    | character varying        | not null
description                | character varying        |
path                       | ltree                    | not null
is_active                  | boolean                  | not null default true
role_sid                   | integer                  | not null
last_modified_by           | integer                  | not null
creation_datetime          | timestamp with time zone | not null default now
last_modification_datetime | timestamp with time zone | not null default now
is_expanded                | boolean                  | not null default false
section_idx                | tsvector                 |
"section_sid_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree
"section_section_key" UNIQUE, btree
"idxsection_idx" gist
"path_gist_idx" gist
"last_modified_by_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (last_modified_by) REFERENCES "user"."role"(role_sid) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE RESTRICT
"role_sid_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (role_sid) REFERENCES "user"."role"(role_sid) ON  UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE RESTRICT
section_idx_update BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON knowledgebase.section FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE tsearch2
"路径"列使用主键作为标签.
该表的当前内容的样本(关于主键和"路径"列):
section_sid | path
53 | 34.53
我建议任何人在SQL中实现层次关系的任何人读取乔·塞尔科(Joe Celko)在SQL中的树木和层次结构.
仅使用parent_id时，遍历任意深度父母链接的效率可能非常低.该书描述了使此访问速度快速访问的技术.
在本系列文章中也可以免费找到一种策略(我碰巧使用):
part 1 (寻找" sql"的部分=" <URL>"
part 2
PostgreSQL的8.4版将以WITH和WITH... RECURSIVE表达式将常见的表表达功能带入核心.如果您正在修改旧代码，则可能需要等到释放8.4，因为您不必担心LTREE和新的Core语法之间的任何不兼容.如果您正在使用旧代码，或者不想等待8.4，则可能要确保编写易于翻译到新语法的代码，尤其是当您更改旧模式或设计新语法的情况下一个.
8.4在WITH查询和ctes和ctes 上手动输入
文章，其中包含有关CTES实施的示例
Hierarchy of sections in a knowledge base (one of the implementations);
The definition of one of the tables in question:
The "path" column uses the primary key as a label.
A sample of the current contents of that table (regarding the primary key and the "path" column):
Version 8.4 of PostgreSQL will be bringing Common Table Expressions functionality into the core with WITH and WITH... RECURSIVE expressions. If you're modifying old code, you may want to wait until 8.4 is released, as then you won't have to worry about any incompatibilities between Ltree and the new core syntax. If you're working with old code, or do not want to wait for 8.4, you will probably want to make sure you write code that is easily translatable to the new syntax, especially if you're changing an old schema or designing a new one.
The 8.4 manual entry on WITH queries and CTEs
A writeup with examples on the 8.4 implementation of CTEs
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There’s a moment when all the pieces come together, and you see, taking shape before you, the perfect culmination of every idea and every image you had.
The past few weeks, we’ve watched all our nights and weekends, and theories and headaches and hopes go from pure ideation to actual, testable reality. And it wouldn’t be possible without the people.
First, we found Dick Rogers, and he was our guru and guide, giving us more information than we’d ever be able to find on our own and validating our ideas.
Carissa has become the resident essential oil expert and understands their efficacy and toxicity, how to prevent degradation, and how to test for purity.
Then Mitch, who is now taking the fruit of our many circuitous Slack conversations and turning them into viable product design ideas. When we mention, “Hey, how about hamster feeders,” he knows how to translate that into an idea we could use.
He’s doing incredible work, and we’ve been brainstorming with him on possible ways of dispensing the essential oils within the BeeKeep itself (hence the, uh, hamster feeder idea). What Mitch brings to the table can’t be understated; we can say, “Hey, what about this,” and he comes back with elegant, well-thought-out ideas. He is KILLING IT.
We have the EPA (THE EPA!) giving us the green light to proceed and are actually invested in us succeeding.
We’re really doing this. Every piece is coming together to build a whole, powerful, and effective solution to save the bees.
Up until now, there has been a sense of fumbling in the dark, with only an idea of where the obstacles lie. This meant inching forward, arms outstretched, and hoping we didn’t run into walls. There’s a sort of magical confluence of skills and expertise and passion now, and the light has been switched on.


Xtreme Bright® Ultra Torch LED Bike Light Set; Powerful, Durable 250 Lumen Combination Bike Headlight -Taillight Safety for The Serious Biker - 100% Lifetime Guarantee Through Triumph Innovations - Xtreme Bright
Xtreme Bright® Ultra Torch LED Bike Light Set; Powerful, Durable 250 Lumen Combination Bike Headlight -Taillight Safety for The Serious Biker - 100% Lifetime Guarantee Through Triumph Innovations
The Xtreme Bright® Ultra Torch is a durable, long-lasting, high-quality bike head light-tail light combination meeting all the toughest requirements of the seasoned cyclist, see above images. It's shock and water resistant case can handle the toughest trails. The long-lasting battery provides more than 100 hours of use. The 250 Lumen LED headlight provides brilliant illumination for optimal safety in dark conditions and Comes with our Unconditional Lifetime Warranty if purchased through Triumph Innovations!
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Comes with 2 FREE Tail Lights for added value and safety, ensuring you're always visible from behind even in the toughest conditions
I just got a road bike and needed lights. Is this the most powerful light? Who knows. I bought a similar 300 lumen light at the big w mart for $15 and this light (above) was at least double the brightness on the road. It's got 3 modes, direct beam, wide, and strobe. The direct beam is the most useful for me. It lights about a 3 foot area on the ground about 7 feet in front of the bike. The wide beam is useless, unless you are maybe in the woods or in complete darkness. The strobe mode is very obnoxious. I can see that being VERY distracting to drivers, or helpful for bringing on seizures.
It comes with several rubber washers to fit bars of different thicknesses. No tools required, and the light pops off easily if you need to take it with you. It also didn't budge once while riding. My other light was hoping all over the place.
The taillights are very nice. They are just rubber that you can snap onto your seat-stay bars. They give great visibility from the rear and the side. 3 modes with them: on, slow blink, and fast blink.
To "be seen" by cars, this is all you need. To see obstacles on the ground, like others have said on here, the brightness level you need depends on how fast you ride. For me, I ride a single-speed Dawes street fighter and average around 11 mph. This light is enough for me to see obstacles and avoid them (direct beam only).
Xtreme LED Light Review
This light is fantastic! Made of durable aluminum it appears well made and ready to last. It attaches securely to the handlebar using a suburb rubber mounting system. I've used it on a few rainy nights with no issues of any seal compromise.
It illuminates really well on the bright setting but is acceptable on low or strobe mode as well! I now have purchased another one as
my experience with the first was so positive. Oh, and the rear lights work good also. However, the rubber band type mounting is questionable as to how long it'll last? But, the good news is there are 2 as part of the package so there is a backup. Overall the quality equals or slightly exceeds the
Mounting clip way too fragile
By Michael P Scarpa
On each of three units purchased for myself and my partner, the clip on the mounting bracket broke at very slight contact/in one case from normal wear and tear, rendering the light useless. It's a very nice light, but we now have three of them sitting in a drawer and have moved on to another product.


Damian Jones is the leading contender to start at center
The Warriors’ big will start in Friday’s preseason game against the Kings.
By Brady Klopfer@BradyKlopferNBA Oct 4re aren’t too many questions aboutare retaining their core pieces from a year ago, and are, unquestionably, favorited to win their fourth title in five years.
But while there aren’t many questions, there are a few as the team prepares for their October 16 opener against the Oklahoma City Thunder. Perhaps the biggest question is how their center rotation will shake out, especially early in the season.
With DeMarcus Cousins sidelined for a few months with an Achilles injury, the Warriors have three options at center: Kevon Looney, who had a breakout performance last year in his third season, Damian Jones, who is the largest option, and entering his third year, and the exciting Jordan Bell, who is beginning his second campaign.
Each has their strengths, and their weaknesses. Looney is the best player defensively, but struggles on offense. Bell has the greatest potential, but is at times a little undisciplined. And Jones has the build of a traditional center, but has yet to prove his ability at the NBA level.
But for now, Jones appears to be in pole position to win the starting job. The seven-foot center started the preseason opener, and will start in the team’Sacramento Kings.
Steve Kerr said he will start Damian Jones at center tomorrow
— Mark Medina (@MarkG_Medina) October 4, 2018
After Friday, the Warriors will still have three more preseason games to determine who gets the starting nod. It’s clear, however, that Kerr favors Jones, which shouldn’t be any surprise - Kerr also started Zaza Pachulia for much of the last two years, proving that he’s a fan of giving the game’s first minutes to a player who fits the traditional center archetype.
Jones has only played 206 minutes in his career, including the playoffs, but he’s tall, he’s big, he sets good screens, and he can defend at the rim. That may be enough for Kerr and the coaching staff.
The Warriors play the Kings at 7:30 p.m. PT on Friday, at KeyArena in Seattle, on ESPN. They will be playing shorthanded, as both Steph Curry and Draymond Green will miss the game.


al-space texture pair distribution function (PDF), txPDF, laid out by Gong & Billinge {(2018 ). arXiv:1805.10342 [cond-mat]}. It is demonstrated on a fiber-texton of, , directly from the 3D PDF of the sample. A real-space equivalent of the reciprocal-rmore, it is s including iber-∼10°. Finally, an open-source Python software package, FouriGUI, is described t-.
Keywords: materials modeling; nanostructure; texture; 3D pair distribution functions; real-space pole figures; real-space fiber plots; FouriGUI.
A, neutron or electron diffraction data is a powerful method to investigate local structure in materials, which can range from amorphous to crystalline (Egami & Billinge, 2012 ). It is particularly useful for studying structure in small nanoparticles (Yang et al., 2013 ; Grote et al., 2021 ), battery materials (Shan et al., 2019 ; Hu et al., 2021 ) and thin films (Dippel et al., 2020 ; Song et al., 2021 ).
Conventionally, the PDF assumes the sample to be structurally isotropic, for example, a perfect powder sample. In general, polycrystalline samples may not always conform to this ideal and have preferred orientation of their grains called a crystallographic texture. Historically, depending on the extent of the texture, PDF analysis of such samples is not possible or requires tedious sample preparation, which results in a loss of all texture information (Dippel et al., 2019 ; Roelsgaard et al., 2019 ; Guo et al., 2013 ).
Recently, it was shown how to propagate texture information from samples through the Fourier transform to obtain a 3D PDF of a textured polycrystalline sample, henceforth referred to as a txPDF (Gong & Billinge, 2018 ). This would allow, in principle, thens that encode the texture directly in real space, which may be favorable if the powder grains are nanocrystalline. In the case of weakly textured samples, equations have also been derived to correct the Debye scattering equation for texture information (Cervellino & Frison, 2020 ).
In this article, we explore how to extract texture and structural information, in practice, from the txPDF. After reviewing the mathematical framework of the txPDF (Gong & Billinge, 2018 ), we describe data acquisition, data processing, texture- and structure-analysis procedures on the example of a fiber-textured Pt thin film. We show how to obtain real-space pole figures and fiber plots, and show how theexture in the sample. We also explore how conventional untextured PDFs may be recovered from the data for structural modeling. The experiments are quick, especially at a high-power synchrotron, and the analysis is straightforward. For textured nanostructure, where analysis of well defined Bragg peaks is problematic, this is likely to be a valuable tool for studying texture, and also shows an approach to mitigate texture when the structure of a nanostructured sample is the target.
Here, we summarize the theory of the 3D PDF of textured polycrystalline samples, txPDF, that was introduced by Gong & Billinge (2018 ). In contrast to the txPDF, the conventional 1D PDF is herein referred to as pwPDF to differentiate it.
Below we summarize the extension to this equation for the case where the scattering is not isotropic.
pwPDF measurements are often carried out at synchrotron sources due to the abundance of high-energy X-rays. Data are acquired on 2D area detectors. To yield S(Q), the 2D detector image is azimuthally integrated after applying any masks for problematic pixels in the image, resulting in a 1D function of X-ray intensity versus Q. The conversion from detector units to Q is carried out with the help of a calibration measurement using a known material. Parasitic scattering is removed, such as measured background signals, and other effects such as multiple scattering and incoherent scattering are also removed, and the intensity is divided by the average of the atomic form factor for the material resulting in S(Q), which is then propagated through the Fourier transform to obtain the pwPDF. More details may be found in the work of Egami & Billinge (2012 ).
In the case of a textured sample, Bragg peak intensities are not uniform in space. The intensities are increased or decreased relative to the average value depending on the orientation of the sample and the direction in space that the intensity is measured. In the case where the Bragg intensities are measured with a 2D detector, this can result in the diffraction image exhibiting intensity variations around the Debye–Scherrer rings, or sometimes uniform rings but incorrect relative intensities of peaks as a function of Q. Fig. 1 compares detector images of the textured Pt thin-film diffraction pattern at different tilt angles, ϕ, and with an untextured film. Here ϕ is the angle between the incident beam and the plane of the film, and an untextured perfect powder detector image.
Sections of detector images of the textured Pt sample at different tilt angles ϕ, and a simulated perfect powder Pt detector image. The colorscale is in arbitrary units.
As a result, the intensity of the peaks in the azimuthally integrated, I(Q), are different to the I(Q) of a perfect powder sample, though the peak positions are not altered. If this 1D pattern is handled as if it were from a perfect powder it results in a signal that is distorted from the pwPDF (Fig. 2 ). This makes, depending on the extent of the texture, modeling of such pwPDFs impossible (Fig. 2 ).
Comparison of measured and best-fit calculated PDFs for diffraction images taken at different sample orientations. The blue circles are the experimental PDFs for sample tilt angles ϕ = 1, 11, 45 and 89°, and from the average of the diffraction images from 1 to 89°. The red curves are the best-fit calculated PDFs from an untextured face-centred cubic model. The green curves arPDFs. The PDF refinement from the angle-averaged pattern yields a good result with Rw = 13.5%. Among the single-angle PDFs, ϕ = 11° shows the best refinement result (Rw = 18.1%) and ϕ = 89° shows the worst result (Rw = 63.6%) (Fig. S5).
is the 3D scattering function. S(Q) can be determined from a 3D scattering volume, I(Q), which can be reconstructed from a set of diffraction images.
Since a diffraction image measured on a 2D area detector is a slice on the surface of the Ewald sphere through reciprocal space, it is possible to reconstruct a 3D reciprocal scattering volume, I(Q), from a sufficiently complete set of diffraction images with the sample at different orientations, and from there obtain the 3D PDF according to equation (3 ).
The txPDF formalism describes the texture by introducing the orientation distribution function (ODF) to a polycrystalline 3D PDF (Gong & Billinge, 2018 ). The ODF gives the probability density for a crystallite to face orientation Ω, which is the three angles containing the Euler angles of the crystallite in the sample reference frame.
Here N′ is the number of atoms in the crystallite, rij is the vector from atom i to atom j, R(Ω) is the rotation matrix rotating rij from the sample reference frame to the respective crystallite orientation, and fi and fj are the atomic form factors of atom i and atom j, respectively, in the crystallite. These equations are derived more fully by Gong & Billinge (2018 ).
Here we test the txPDF method on experimental data for the case of a nanostructured polycrystalline Pt thin film that exhibits a strong fiber texture with 〈111〉 crystallographic directions tending to align perpendicular to the film direction. The sample was fabricated by sputter deposition (CS 500 ES, Von Ardenne GmbH) of a 50 nm Pt layer (target from FHR Anlagenbau GmbH) on a glass substrate of size 1 × 1 cm with an intermediate evaporated 15 nm aluminium oxide adhesion layer (granulate from Evochem GmbH) is shown in Fig. 3 .
An SEM image of the Pt thin-film surface showing a polydisperse size distribution and different shapes of the Pt grains in the lateral direction.
Fig. 4 summarizes the experimental procedure and data processing. The measurement was performed at beamline P07 a(Gustafson et al., 2014 ). The beam energy was 79.5 keV. The beam size was 0.5 × 0.5 mm. Data were collected on a PerkinElmer XRD1621 detector. The detector was calibrated by diffraction images of a lanthanum hexaboride coated glass substrate using the pyFAI software (Ashiotis et al., 2015 ).
The experimental and data-processing procedure. (a) Reconstruction of a tilt series of 2D scattering images to a 3D scattering volume I(Q). (b) Processing to the total scattering structure function S(Q), with application of symmetry averaging, interpolation, and cutoff beyond Qmin and Qmax. (c) Fourier transformation to the txPDF G(r).
Diffraction images were measured at angles from ϕ = 1 to 89° with a step size of 1°. The set of diffraction images was transformed from detector coordinates to reciprocal-space coordinates using the Python library meerkat (Simonov, 2019 ). Meerkat loads the diffraction images and bins each pixel to points in reciprocal space to reconstruct the 3D scattering volume.
Next, it was necessary to make corrections to the data to convert raw intensities to the properly corrected and normalized S(Q) function that can be Fourier transformed to the txPDF. The measured scattering intensity from a sample will change during the measurement due to various experimental reasons, e.g. the illuminated volume of the sample at different tilt angles and changes in incident-beam intensity, and this needs to be normalized. If the geometry of the sample is well known and the incident beam monitored, such effects on the intensity can be explicitly corrected (Egami & Billinge, 2012 ). In this experiment, the main intensity variation originates from the varying tilt angle. In general, to account for such variations, we can apply a post hoc correction for these effects by applying a systematic scaling to the diffraction pattern as a whole. To determine the post hoc scaling factor we did the following. First, we assumed that away from the Q values where Pt Bragg reflections exist, the scattering intensity is coming predominantly from the glass substrate and other incoherent sources (such as Compton scattering and any fluorescence), all of which are isotropic and should scale with the illuminated sample volume. In this case, the scaling can be obtained from the total sum of the intensity in the azimuthally averaged I′(Q), i.e. , where the prime denotes that this I′(Q) excludes regions that contain Pt Bragg reflection intensities, and the sum is over N intensity bins. This post hoc correction will be difficult to execute whenever the Bragg reflections are not easily distinguishable from the background scattering, such as in the case of low-symmetry or multiphase systems with too many Bragg reflections, or very small nanostructures where the Bragg reflections are too broad. In such cases, it is favorable to apply scaling based on simple geometrical considerations (Egami & Billinge, 2012 ). The value of the applied scale factor versus ϕ is shown in Fig. S2 of the supporting information . It is compared with the scaling that is expected for our sample geometry (Egami & Billinge, 2012 ). The agreement is very good, except in the region of glancing angle, where the diverges but the measured intensity from the sample turns over and comes back down. This could be because of scattering from the edges of the sample, imperfect alignment of the sample and the detector, or due to the beam footprint exceeding the size of the sample. If the sample is even a tiny bit too high or too low at grazing incidence, the beam can partially miss the sample or be predominantly absorbed by the substrate, respectively, which would cause the observed effect. These factors make grazing-incidence experiments rather specialized in general (Feidenhans'l, 1989 ; Dosch, 1992 ; Gustafson et al., 2014 ). Here, we are not concerned about making a high-quality grazing-incidence PDF measurement, but rather measuring the film over a wide angular range, and the post hoc correction allows us to make use of the scattering deeper into the grazing-incidence regime, even with a non-ideal grazing-incidence alignment and setup there.
Representative slices through reciprocal space of the normalized transformed intensity data are shown in Figs. 5 (a)–5 (c).
Slices through (a)–(c) the raw reconstructed scattering volume, (d)–(f) the processed total scattering structure function and (g)–(i) the txPDF,  xs, in the second column are perpendicular to ys and in the third column are perpendicular to zs, where xs, ys and zs are the sample coordinates, see the main text for details. All slices are through the origin of the diffraction space. The edge length is from −23.9 to 23.9 Å−1 in (a)–(f) and from −26.3 to 26.3 Å in (g)–(i), respectively. The void features in (a)–(h-aop.
There are large regions of reciprocal space missing. This is because of the rather small tilt range and relatively high tilt step size in our experiment. This can be remedied in general by taking many more images on a finer tilt grid (for example, steps of 0.1° rather than the 1° steps used here), measuring over a wider angular range, and ultimately doing this around two perpendicular rotation axes. However, in the current case, the high symmetry of the structure and the texture allowed us to reconstruct the reciprocal space rather completely, even from this limited set of data, through symmetrization. The symmetrization is discussed below. Finally, the data were interpolated to recover small missing regions within the scattering volume that were still present after symmetrization. The code we wrote to do the symmetrization can be found at https://github.com/diffpy/fourigui/tree/main/further_processing_code.
We define the film plane normal to be the sample-z direction, zs, ax direction, xs, and the sample-y direction, ys. We expect that,xs and ys c, when viewed along zsaxs, ys and zs, going through the center of the reciprocal space, we get the images in Figs. 5 (a)–5 (f).[Figs. 5 (a)–5 (c)]ns [Figs. 5 (d)–5 (f)]. Due to the strong fiber texture, our dataset exhibits rotational symmetry about the fiber axis or zs. Hence, we can readily apply all symmetry operations about the 111 fiber axis, which can be derived from the body-centred cubic reciprocal crystal structure of Pt (Table S3 of the supporting information). The symmetrization consists of individually applying the symmetry operations to the reconstructed scattering volume and eventually averaging the symmetry-operated datasets.
The symmetrized diffraction signal is then converted to S(Q) − 1 by dividing by the average-form-factor squared and rescaling, as shown in Fig. 4 . In practice, the measured intensity comprises several features in addition to the coherent-scattering intensity, such as incoherent Compton scattering, multiple scattering, self absorption and polarization effects of the X-ray beam, which we should correct for before Fourier transforming to the PDF (Egami & Billinge, 2012 ). In the case of the pwPDF, the scattering intensity can be corrected by modeling a polynomial correction term β(Q) (Juhás et al., 2013 ). By assuming that the scattering contributions are isotropic, we can calculate β(Q) by propagating the spherical integration of S(Q) − 1, S(Q) − 1, which should resemble the powder average, through the PDFgetX3 algorithm (Juhás et al., 2013 ). We then isotropically subtract the polynomial correction β(Q) from S(Q) − 1 to retrieve the coherent-scattering fraction. The correction procedure is schematically represented in Fig. S7. The same slices as shown in Figs. 5 (a)–5 (c), symmetrized and in the form of S(Q) − 1, are shown in Figs. 5 (d)–5 (f). The 3D diffraction intensities from a perfect powder would appear as concentric spheres in this reconstructed scattering volume, and so slices through the volume that go through the origin of reciprocal space, as we plotted in the figure, would show uniform circles. This is indeed what we see in the slice looking down zs, the fiber axis [Fig. 5 (f)]. The circles are also evident in the slices that are perpendicular, xs and ys [Figs. 5 (d) and 5 (e)]. However, the circles appear broken and have non-uniform intensities as you go around the azimuth, as a result of the texture. The two slices are, of course, identical to each other due to the fiber symmetry and the resulting symmetrization step.
T Qmin and QmaxDF G(r) [equation (3) ], as shown in Fig. 4 , and the slices are shown in Figs. 5 (g)–5 (i).  G(r). In the false-color images of Figs. 5 (g)–5 (id G values. These circles are evident when viewed down the zs axis [Fig. 5 (i)], but, as before,e xs and ys axes [Figs. 5 (g) and 5 (h)].
The reconstructed reciprocal space and resulting real-space txPDF, presented above,-lattice vector magnitude, |Hhkl| (reciprocal space), and interatomic vector magnitude, |ri,j| (real-space txPDF), that become broken up and non-uniform due to the presence of texture.G(r) and those seen in reciprocal space, as they contain the same fiber-texture information, but peaks in G(r) l-lattice vectors.G(r).
O-figure construction (Bunge, 1982 ). In this construction we consider a reciprocal-lattice vector from a single crystal grain, ,We then consider this same reciprocal-lattice vector from every crystal grain, m, in the sample and do the same. This results in a construction where the tips of all the reciprocal-lattice vectors, , lie on the surface of a sphere of radius |Hhkl|, which we here refer to as the reciprocal-space pole sphere. Whe-Il-space pole sphere with the sample fiber axis.e vector) on the pole sphere. T-space pole sphere. In practice, for a given set of reciprocal-lattice vectors, , at Q = |Hhkl| in the reconstructed diffraction space is proportional to this quantity (assuming there are no other overlapping reciprocal-lattice vectors). The stereographic projection of these intensities results in the pole figure for that particular reciprocal-lattice vector, or set of symmetry-equivalent reciprocal-lattice vectors. In the pole figure, the fiber texture appears as circular rings of bright intensity, as shown in Fig. 6 .
Reciprocal-space pole figures derived from the scattering volume S(Q). Peaks: (a) {111}, (b) {002}, (c) {022}, (d) {133} and (e) {222}.
The standard pole-figure construction is inaccurate for materials that are not long range ordered since the scattering is not concentrated in sharp Bragg peaks lying at the reciprocal-lattice points. However, as shown above, it is possible to describe texture in terms of real-space structural vectors through the 3D txPDF construction. We can therefore explore the real-space analog of the pole figure as a stereographic projection of the intensity on the surface of the real-space pole sphere, which is defined analogously to the reciprocal-space pole sphere but for interatomic vectors ri,j. We can call the resulting stereograms: `real-space pole figures'. Projecting on the equatorial plane perpendicular to the fiber axis zs yields, as in the reciprocal-space pole figure, uniform concentric rings of bright intensity. However, despite the similar appearance of the reciprocal- and real-space pole figures, they are not equivalent texture representations as they come from very different origins, being constructed in different spaces. They encode the same information but in different ways, so direct visual comparison between them can be problematic. Representative real-space pole figures from our sample are shown in Fig. 7 .
Real-space pole figures derived from the txPDF G(r). Peaks: (a) 0,1 / 2,1 / 2, (b) 0, 0, 1, (c) 1 / 2,1 / 2,1, (d) 0, 1, 1 and (e) 1, 1, 1.
Due to the fiber texture and the choice of projection plane, the pole-figure intensities are independent of the azimuthal angle and we can integrate them azimuthally to obtain 1D plots called fiber plots (Bunge, 1982 ; He, 2018 ). In the fiber-plot representation the intensity is plotted against the zenith (i.e. polar) angle, θ, which is the angle between the position vector of the pixel on the real/diffraction-space spheres and the polar axis, zs. In the center of the pole figure θ is 0°, and the outer ring at the edge of the pole figure is at θ = 90°. The reciprocal- and real-space fiber plots corresponding to these pole figures are shown in Fig. 8 .
(a) Reciprocal-space fiber plots of the first five X-ray diffraction reflections. (b) Real-space fiber plots of the first five PDF peaks. Gaussian fits of the peaks in the fiber plots are shown as solid traces. The fit of the reciprocal 111 reflection at θ = 0° is omitted because of low data quality at that region and poor resolution at low Q after the conversion to polar coordinates. The fit of the real 111 peak at θ = 70.53° is omitted because of a poor fit result due to the low intensity. The intensities of the reciprocal- and real-space fiber plots were retrieved by summing over all intensity values at the Hhkl value of the respective peak ± 0.1 Å−1 from the scattering volume S(Q) and over the rij values of the respective interatomic distance ± 0.1 Å from the txPDF G(r), respectively. Increasing the integration width for the fiber-plot construction does not reduce the high noise in the reciprocal-space fiber plot. All intensities beyond the vertical line at θ = 20° in (a) are multiplied by 5 since intensity values at high θ are hardly visible if put on the same scale as the high intensities at low θ values.
Assuming the fiber texture gives a Gaussian distribution of poles as a function of the zenith angle θ, we can fit a series of Gaussian functions to the peaks in the fiber plots. Apart from some noise in the data, we get stable fits. The positions of the fitted peaks in the reciprocal- as well as the real-space fiber plots, and , respectively, are in good agreement with the expected angle between the respective reciprocal/real vector and the 111 axis, which is the fiber axis (see Tables 1 and 2 ). The width of the peaks in the fiber plots comes from the angular distribution given by the degree/extent of the fiber texture convoluted with the intrinsic width of the peak in the 3D scattering volume or txPDF. We yielded similar results for the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) in the reciprocal and the real fiber plots, which confirms that our treatment of the data to obtain the txPDF is valid. The real FWHMs, at ∼13.6 ± 2.1°, are slightly larger than the reciprocal FWHMs (11.6 ± 1.2°), where the uncertainties represent the spread in values obtained from all the different reciprocal/real vectors. Although the difference between the real and reciprocal measures is within the variation of values, the txPDF is giving a width for the fiber texture that is rather consistently larger than that obtained from the reciprocal data. We attribute this to the convolution of the angular distribution from the fiber texture with the different intrinsic width of the PDF versus the Bragg peaks. To get a measure of the intrinsic peak widths, we compared the FWHMs of Gaussian fits of the first three peaks in the spherical integration of the scattering volume and the txPDF (Fig. S4). The PDF peak FWHMs (0.42 ± 0.02 Å) are slightly larger than the Bragg peak FWHMs (0.32 ± 0.04 Å−1), which is consistent with the above statement. Tthe different fitted peaks. Furthermore, a possible mosaicity in the crystals could contribute to the broader real-space fiber-plot peaks. The presence of mosaicity would be seen as a distribution in interatomic vector angles within a single crystallite, and seen in the txPDF but not in the reciprocal-space pole figures and fiber plots. We also note from Fig. 8 that the scatter of the data points is much greater in the reciprocal-space fiber plots than the real-space fiber plots. We are uncertain as to the origin of this effect, but for the real-space plots it means that the variation of FWHM values is larger than any variation due to the noise in the data.
is the fitted peak position.
The interatomic vectors from atom i to atom j are represented in terms of components using a basis of the crystallographic lattice vectors and assuming that the origin is placed on atom i. Furthermore, rij is the distance between atom i and atom j, and is the fitted peak position.
Although, in the case of the fiber texture, pole figures and fiber plots yield a straightforward and rather precise picture of the texture, in general the texture of a sample cannot be comprehensively described by the two angles of a pole figure. The more complete texture representation is the ODF, D(Ω), which describes the crystallite orientation by the three Euler angles in a density probability function (Bunge, 1982 ). The ODF can be evaluated from a series of pole figures, where the number needed depends on the symmetry of the texture and of the crystal (Bunge, 1982 ). However, in general, the ODF may be reconstructed directly by modeling the 3D structure function S(Q) or txPDF G(r) (Gong & Billinge, 2018 ). If the structure function of the reference crystallite S′(Q) [equation (6) ] is known, as is often the case, we can rotate S′(Q) at different orientations of Q and add the contributions weighted by an initial assumption of the ODF to build the polycrystalline structure function Sp(Q) [equation (5) ]. Then we can fit Sp(Q) to the measured S(Q) by modeling the ODF in a regression loop. Equivalently, the ODF can be retrieved by a similar modeling of the txPDF G(r) [equation (7) ] (Gong & Billinge, 2018 ).
Here we discuss extracting meaningful structural information from PDFs that were measured from textured samples. This is relevant for the case where the experimenter is not trying to characterize the sample texture per se but is interested in the local structure of a textured sample. In favorable circumstances, texture-related intensity changes in Bragg peaks can be modeled in a Rietveld refinement (Gilmore et al., 2019 ). This is less well developed in real-space refinements, though for weak textures, a model has been proposed (Cervellino & Frison, 2020 ). Here we explore whether sufficiently texture-free PDFs, which can then be refined in existing PDF modeling programs such as PDFgui (Farrow et al., 2007 ), can be obtained by averaging data collected at different sample angles. As a test, we will use the dataset from the fiber-textured Pt thin film as an example.
In theory, measuring the diffraction pattern by sampling every orientation of the sample with equal statistics will result in a spherically homogeneous diffraction pattern that can be processed as an ideal powder pattern. Using a 2D detector and rotating 180° about two mutually perpendicular axes perpendicular to the beam can accomplish this for any crystallographic and texture symmetry, if correct counting statistics are ensured. Correct counting statistics will depend on flux and exposure-time weighting, but also on any geometrical and absorption effects that result in changes in illuminated sample volume. These can be readily controlled for simple sample shapes (spherical, cylindrical, planar/film, etc.), as we describe below. In many cases, such as the case of the fiber-textured sample, the averaging may be accomplished by rotating about a single axis perpendicular to the beam, provided that the fiber axis doesn't lie along the rotation axis. For experimental setups where this is possible, and where data rates are sufficiently high, it probably represents the best approach. In our case, the fiber texture resulted from oriented growth of the polycrystalline film on the substrate. In this case, the illuminated volume is well described by the area of the beam footprint on the sample, which is given by the beam width, w, times , where h is the beam height and θ is the angle the substrate plane normal makes with the incident beam. Since w and h don't vary with incident angle, we can determine that the measured intensities should be multiplied by (Egami & Billinge, 2012 ), where ϕ = π/2 − θ is the grazing angle the incident beam makes with the substrate. For even higher accuracy, we can use the same normalization/scaling approach that is applied to the diffraction images before reconstructing to the 3D scattering volume, as discussed in the experimental section.
Fig. 2 (e) shows a fit of an untextured model to the PDF that was obtained by a properly weighted average of the PDFs from all sample angles collected in our dataset. Indeed, the fit is superior to the fits at any fixed sample angle, as evident from the difference curve. Table 3 shows the refined structural parameters and the goodness of fit parameter, Rw, of a few single-angle PDF refinements and the averaged dataset.
Refinement parameters: a is the lattice parameter, Uiso is the isotropic atomic displacement parameter, δ2 is the coherent thermal-motion parameter and Rw is the goodness of the fit.
Indeed, the best fit of the untextured model to the data is obtained for averaged data (Rw = 13.5%) compared with any single-fixed-angle dataset. The best agreement between the powder average model and a single-angle dataset is achieved for ϕ = 11° with Rw = 18.1%. For this powder texture the agreement gets better as the incident angle gets shallower, though at small incident angles (below ϕ = 11°) the measured PDFs seem to become less reliable. The refined parameters of the fit to the ϕ = 11° are also closer to those obtained for the averaged data than for the other angles. A plot of the best-fit Rw versus ϕ is shown in Fig. S5, showing this behavior in a more quantitative fashion. Based on this analysis, when looking at data from a textured thin-film sample, the best strategy for obtaining PDFs that represent a texture-less structure and are suitable for conventional quantitative structural modeling in real space is to rotate the sample ±89° about an axis perpendicular to the beam (from a starting position with the film perpendicular to the beam) and to average the data as described in this article. If this is not possible or proves inconvenient, for similarly textured films (i.e. fiber textured perpendicular to the film plane), taking a single dataset at an incident angle of ∼10° grazing angle to the film will give a reasonably untextured signal.
Beyond summing raw images from different angles, it is also possible to obtain an 1D powder pattern and PDF resembling that of an untextured sample by integrating spherical shells in the reconstructed txPDF. In theory, independent of the kind, extent and orientation of the texture, this integration should resemble the precise isotropic powder average and can be processed as such. Correspondingly, a similar integration of the reconstructed scattering volume can be analyzed as an isotropic powder pattern. We were not able to test this in the current case because our test data were not collected on a fine-enough grid of angles to avoid interpolation errors that introduced significant aberrations. We have not investigated the experimental conditions to obtain such an isotropic or de-textured PDF, but a dataset with 0.1° step size and a total tilt range of 90° along two perpendicular axes, i.e. 180°, is sufficient for high-quality reconstructions of reciprocal space in single-crystal diffuse-scattering measurements, and would undoubtedly work in this context too. This would add up to 1800 diffraction images, which can be acquired in ∼1–2 h at a synchrotron, assuming a few seconds of acquisition time per diffraction image.
Finally, the txPDF can also be applied to study other anisotropic structural properties such as strain and stress by analyzing the txPDF along different directions in a small angular range. A txPDF of an untextured but strained or stressed sample would show peaks that appear as concentric spherical shells that are non-uniform, i.e. they exhibit varying peak shapes and radii at different angular directions. A dataset to study stress or strain requires a measurement over a large tilt range, since symmetrization procedures, which could recover void regions in the reconstructed scattering volume, result in a loss of strain and stress information.
The software used to carry out the work in this article has been turned into a Python package and is being released under an open-source license. The package is called FouriGUI and is available through the DiffPy website (https://diffpy.org). It is available on the Python package index and on Anaconda through the conda-forge channel. diffpy/fourigui.
FouriGUI loads a 3D total scattering volume, for example, obtained from a rotation image set, using a software package such as Xcavate (Estermann & Steurer, 1998 ), XDS (Kabsch, 2010 ) or meerkat (Simonov, 2019 ), and performs the fast Fourier transform to the txPDF with optional cutoff frequencies. It also incorporates visualization capabilities for viewing the data in real and reciprocal space. It always displays one slice perpendicular to one of the three axes of either the scattering volume or the txPDF obtained with or without cutoff frequencies and allows easy scrolling through the full volume to visualize the intensity distribution. Fig. S6 provides further insight about the utilization of FouriGUI.
Here we have presented a practical implementation of the 3D PDF method of textured polycrystalline samples, txPDF. We demonstrated the procedure for measuring and analyzing data to obtain the txPDF using a fiber-textured Pt thin-film sample. Firstly, 2D diffraction images of the Pt thin film measured at different tilt angles were reconstructed to a scattering volume in 3D reciprocal space. The scattering volume was then processed to the 3D total scattering structure function and propagated through the 3D Fourier transform to yield the txPDF in real space. Furthermore, we presented a definition and demonstration of real-space pole figures. We also presented FouriGUI, a Python package for carrying out the steps in the procedure.
The txPDF method may be used to study texture in highly nanocrystalline samples where Bragg reflections are broad and overlapped preventing the study of texture directly in reciprocal space. Our findings show a strong fiber texture of approximately Gaussian distribution of 〈111〉 plane vectors that is centered on the Pt thin-film sample's plane normal. The approach we have presented may also be used to obtain approximately isotropic 1D PDFs from textured samples, which will be useful when the structure of a sample is sought, rather than a measure of its texture, but the experimental data are textured. A good isotropic PDF approximation was obtained from the weighted average of the diffraction images, yielding a reasonable PDF refinement, Rw = 13.5%, from the averaged PDF compared with the single-tilt-angle PDFs with Rw values ranging from 18.1 to 63.6%. We also showed that an approximately ideal 1D PDF could be obtained from a not-quite grazing incidence (10° incident angle) single measurement in the case of a thin film with a fiber texture.
The txPDF is very promising to study nanocrystalline thin films, as they are likely to be textured and enable a straightforward measurement of the tilt series. However, the txPDF can be applied in general to materials of any geometry. Furthermore, the methodology of the txPDF can be expanded to study nanoscale materials with different structural anisotropies, such as anisotropic strains.
The authors would like to thank Zach Thatcher, Connor Bracy, Silvio Achilles and Ludwig Hendl for help with software release. We would like to thank Uta Ruett, Olof Gutowski and René Kirchhof for assistance in using P07. Furthermore, we thank Daliborka Erdoglija, Fenja Berg, Dagmar Leisten and Ulrich Boettger of(IWE-2), RWTH Aachen University (Aachen, Germany), for the fabrication of the textured Pt thin film.
Work on the theory and texture pair distribution function developments and analysis in the Billinge group12704. SYHM and DK acknowledge support from– EXC 2056 – project ID 390715994 andproject LUCENT under grant No. 05K19WMA.


Severastment entities, have sued Suisse Creditgiven that the entity is deceiving them about the business they have with the Russian oligarchs, as confirmed by law firm Pomerantzz.
The lawsuit has been filed in New York by shareholders who took up positions in Swiss banklawsuit alleges that the defendants committed materially false and misleading statement with respect to”, they explained from Pomerantz.
In addition, an investigation was also requested into the financial relationship between the bank and Anglo-Australian financial services firm Greensill Capital, which had caused heavy losses to the entity.
The shareholders’ meeting also largely approved the appointments of Axel Lehmann as chairman of the board, and Christian Gellerstad as vice chairman.


EDMOND, Okla. (KFOR) – A mother is calling for policy changes when it comes to police encountering a mental health crisis after she said her son was showing several signs of mental distress in the days leading up to a shooting at his Edmond home.
Eva Scott said her son, Carrington Scott, had been in the grips of a mental breakdown in the days leading up to a terrifying scene at his home near 2nd and Sooner.
On Wednesday, Carrington was subdued by Edmond Police with a shot to the leg, after police said he ran towards them with a long gun and pistol, while wearing a bullet proof vest. He had allegedly been holed up inside his home, firing a flurry of bullets from his front window.
The whole thing unfolded after a call from Carrington’s alleged co-worker.
“I went to go check on the door. All of a sudden he just starts shooting,” he’s heard saying on the 911 call.
Officers said that man ran to the nearby Aspen Coffee Shop for help. Officers said as they raced towards the home, Carrington started shooting again.
“I need the district attorney to know that the person they have down there in the county jail is not the person they portrayed,” said Eva Scott.
Eva Scott and her son, Carrington.
Exactly one week before, Carrington called police for help because he thought he was under surveillance. His family said he wanted officers there to check his home for devices.
“I’ve recently been the victim of, I hate to say it, bugs in my house,” said Carrington during a call to Edmond Police.
When officers arrived to his home, they found tape scattered on his walls.
“He had tape all over the wall because ‘people,’ because ‘somebody’, ‘they’, were after him,” said his mother.
Eva said she wanted police to remove guns from his home. Carrington can be seen on Edmond body cam footage putting his guns in the back of his car with police present.
Edmond Police Department officials said the officer that responded to Carrington’s home was Crisis Intervention Trained (CIT). The department said that’s something that is not required for law enforcement agencies.
Carrington is now at the Oklahoma County Detention Center facing a numberHis family said they just want him to get help.
“I need help. I’m begging them again for help,” said Eva.
Carrington’s family said he’s a University of Oklahoma graduate with two Master’s degrees. Days before the shooting, they said he failed a big test.
“He missed it by one point and that really messed with him,” said Carrington’s aunt, Lisa Scott.
“I failed my test, basically to be a therapist, two days ago,” Carrington can be heard saying on Edmond body cam footage.
“I just at to do with somebody when they’re going through one of those episodes,” said Lewis.


Jensen serves aJamestown. In this role, he oversees the Student Life department including student activities, residence life, intramural and club sports, food service, campus safety, and the physical plant.


Be part of the show! We're lo
The first set of performers ('Hypercut', 9) must be comfortable running in the dark, have strong spatial awareness, be able to hit a mark, and be comfortable with strobing lights. The second set of performers ('Choir', 8-10) utilizes less physical exertion, but does require (minimal) running in the dark. If you are a performer whose physical ability does not allow for running in the dark, please get in touch with us as we have other opportunities for you.
Engagement around equity and accessibility is important to us, and we work towards all people feeling heard and represented in our shows. We're explicit about this strong commitment through communication and accountability and as a result, we work towards a rehearsal room that prioritizes individuals and a value driven process. Participants also have an opportunity to learn and witness our artistic process in depthe g.


There’s a Tater Chip in my Brassiere! (Object Lesson)
((i ❤ COFFEE))
((a little bit more…))
✋🏼❗
Okay, friends. This really did happen. That chip had wedged its way in there good and settled in so that every time I moved or shifted, it would dig into my skin. Kinda like how life’s irritations ((and irritating people)) and offenses ((and offensive people)) seem to drop into our daily routines – unsolicited – and wedge their way into the tender and broken areas of our own soul (mind, will, emotions).ns: “This chip is not the only thing that’s irritating me today! I’m also irritated with … and also … oh, “and let’s not neglect that gem of a human being…”
Yeah, you get it. You know the internal monologue. We all struggle with these moments. Then God. I was chuckling to myself as He revealed the truth I shared in the video. I imagine people also traveling to the bathroom thought I was strange as I power walked that way myself whilst chuckling.
Here’s a pearl of truth to bring some insight to the ((unrehearsed)) video message:
We al’s not “if”“Practice wisdom!” If you have none, read the Scriptures. “Change your filter or clean it out!”“Use discernment!” If you have none, ask God.
Instead of taking these issues and people to trial on FacebookTwitterInstagram in an attempt to mask our broken places and build our alliance in SocialMediaSurvivor, howzabout trying one or all of the following:’sce…of course.))
 [or Facebook][or Twitter]s Christ in Matthew 18:7-9


I am also having a hard time finding old posts from this forum. Or were they already deleted?
Nothing has been deleted. Tapa refused to give us our data, so when this site was created it was created from scratch. Everything from the "old" site is preserved here in the archive on Tapatalk.
It's not the most user friendly site (which is one of the reasons we're here on SMF). Many of the WoW posts have been moved over. Intro's are up to the individual user to move. All of the old groups are still there.
Thanks for the info. Also found it weird that the latest posts are at the top. Anyway, will still keep hanging around.
On this site? You can change that in your preferences.
Glad you are sticking around... The forum isn't perfect, few things are... but it does what is necessary.
Can someone tell me where I can add an original post?
I don't see a way to create an original post...at least not in here. If you go into the Introductions folder, there is a New Topic button. I don't see that in most other folders.
Also, one level up from here in the General Discussion and you can always post in your group. If you want a new topic for discusion, you can PM Chewie I believe.
No longer a dirt mouth.
I pledge to be quit today!
Is very difficult to find any pertinent quit info . The whole format is confusing. I’ve been quit 70 days today and I wonder how many people have returned to nicotine from the frustration of this site?
What's confusing? What are you looking for that you can't find?
If folks are returning to nicotine because a website has changed format, that's a pretty pathetic excuse.
What I think is missing is all the old guys intros. Some of the best things written on Ktc are in those old guys intros. 30yraddict, skoal monster, ready....and on.
Early in my quit, these guys got me through it. Maybe that stuff is here and I haven't looked hard enough. I don't need these things anymore, but the question was asked.
There's no such thing as returning to nicotine from the frustration of the site. The only reason anybody returns to nicotine itick with a quit one day at a time. The site is also not the glue that holds your quit together. The site is the vessel that holds the glue, but the actual quit is held together by the relationships you build with those both in your group and outside of it.  Hopefully you have already discovered this, but if not, make friends and develop accountability as you dig a deep quit hole.
This ^^^ right here... is genius.
Well said Broc.
Dugmalus, what are you looking for that you are having trouble finding?
Were you on the other site before this, or are you just getting into KTC now. If so, 70 days on your own is badass.
If you were here before, the categories are set up pretty much the same way, with some different formatting.
If you ask some questions about what you are looking for someone will be sure to help you find the answers.
If you are really having a problem, send me a PM and I will try to help out.


Folor discussed “Allyship: Becoming a Champion of Inclusion” as part of the Worcester State University Diversity Lecture Series on September 19 in Worcester State University’s Blue Lounge.
During his final season as an NCAA All-American and team wrestling captain at the University of Maryland, Taylor. Like many college students, he had seen close friends struggle with the coming out process, often inhibited by the fear they had about disclosing their sexual orientation.
To show his solidarity as a straight ally, he wore an LGBT rights sticker on his wrestling headgear. That single act turned a lot of heads. Spectators, opponents, coaches and others wondered if Hudson was making a statement about his own sexuality.
He encountered criticism from his peers, but received positive attention from the media. Following this media coverage, Hudson received ts, expressing thanks and sharing their own experiences of homophobia and transphobia in sports.
Hudson went on to form Athlete Ally, a nonprofit sports organization that calls on athletes, coaches, school administrators, parents and fans to champion respect and inclusion at every level of athletics.
“If there’s something we can do to improve sports, teams and lives, we should do it,” says Taylor.
Taylor’s talk was the first in a four part Diversity Lecture Series,, Office of Residence Life and Housing, Counseling Office, Disability Services,, Latin Heritage Committee, Psychology Department, Third World Alliance, Active Minds, and Student Events Committee.
Danny Bryck’s one-man play about Occupy Boston, "No Room for Wishing," 's . . .


He dialed the call on a secondary phone. The phone on the far end of the line called Faber's name a dozen times before the professor answered in a faint voice. Monta, Mr. Montag?


NBC's American sci-fi drama aired on E4 at 9pm on Wednesday 14th December. Timeless follows the story of a group of unlikely heroes as they attempt to stop a mysterious terrorist who is setting out […
Ie […


“We took him (Buttner) for the future and to succeed Patrice Evra,” the United boss told Omroep Gelderland on Sunday.
“hat’s a big change. So it helps if someone like Robin (van Persie) has extensive experience in England. Of course they talk a lot with each other, that’s understandable.”
A loan exit for Buttner would leave United short of left-back options, with Brazilian Fabio’s future at the club still unclear during his loan spell at QPR and youngster Zeki Fryers having controversially joined Tottenham last week for three million pounds following a four-month stint at Standard Liege after leaving the Red Devils.
England youth international Tyler Blackett is a potential option for Ferguson to replace Buttner should he leave the club on a temporary basis, with the 18-year-old having travelled on United’s pre-season tour to South Africa in July, while the club remain linked to the in-form Leighton Baines.
Goal.com exclusively revealed in June that United were preparing a move for the Everton man, but were unwilling to spend more than.


amon rolls (I need to get that recipe from my mom!) …
… and my great-grandmother’s famous noodles. Both did not disappoint.
We got some great gifts from my mom, including an iPad (we’re finally in the 21st century!!) and …
… adorable baby books, filled with pictures of me and Brandon growing up. Now we can share our memories with Addie!
While in Sarasota, we also got to spend some quality time with Brandon’s brother and his family.
We spent Christmas Eve morning at their house, enjoying a delicious brunch and opening gifts.
My SIL, Christi, made a cinnamon roll cake (top left in the picture) that was absolutely ah-mazing. She was kind enough to share the recipe, so you better believe I’ll be making it again soon!
She also made a tasty egg and sausage casserole and mini cherry cheesecakes. Yum!
After our meal, we opened gifts.
I love that these girls were more excited about a pink Chinese umbrella than any fancy technology toys. My kind of ladies.
My favorite gift of the day:
That would be a bathing suit for little Addie.
On Christmas Day, Brandon and I rented a car and headed to Marco Island.
As I already mentioned, Brandon and I spent the holidays last year at Marco Island. You can see those posts here and here.
(Old picture … as I’m sure you can tell from the much smaller waistline!)
We love Marco Island. We would basically wake up early every morning, work out, and then proceed to sit by the pool for the entire day and do nothing.
Every day around 4 or so, we would manage to get our lazy behinds up to our room, shower, and head to dinner.
We’d be back in the room in time for Jeopardy (that would be 7:30), and we’d be asleep by 9:00.
We’re real party animals.
Since you know how much I love my food, let’s do a quick recap on some of our vacation eats!
Night #1: Fish Tacos at one of the Marriott’s restaurants.
Personally, I wasn’t a fan of the corn tortillas (I prefer flour). But I was a fan of the huge fish portions and the side of guacamole. Yum!
Night #2: Pizza Caprese at Davinci’s.
This pizza reminded me of some of the pizza we had in Italy this summer. It was so good!
Night #3: Sushi at Sushi-Thai Too in Naples.
Loved this sushi restaurant.!
Night #4: Flatbreads at Philly Grille.
Brandon chose the bacon macaroni & cheese flatbread …
… while I chose the “Uptown” flatbread, which had Brie cheese, onion jam, thinly sliced Granny Smith apples, and roasted garlic.
Both were heavenly. I only wish that we had discovered this restaurant sooner, so that I could have tried more of their tasty flatbreads and sandwiches!
Night #5: Fish and Chips at The Bar & Bistro at Marek’s.
I think this was the best fish and chips I’ve ever had. The fish was piping hot and flavorful, and the batter was light and crispy. I enjoyed every bite!
All in all, it was a very successful vacation.
Not only did Brandon and I have a great week ….
… but I think Addie had plenty of fun, too.
At least, I know she enjoyed the eats.
Any fun gifts you got for Christmas?
Aw! It looks and sounds like you and Brandon had one fantastic holiday vacation. We were sooo close!!! One of these times that you come down we should plan to meet up
Wishing you, Brandon, and Addie a happy and healthy new year!
I’d like the cinnamon roll cake recipe please. The food all looked yummy! Looks like a fun trip. Love, Mom
Looks like a great holiday! That puppy is so cute
And wow your meals look amazing. Especially the flatbread with onion jam. Yum!
I LOVE Naples! My grandpa has a place in a condo down there and he lets his family vacation in it whenever, so I’ve been there quite a few times over the years. By far my favorite place I’ve ever been to in the U.S. It’s just so beautiful. I’ll have to check out that sushi place next time I’m there.
Looks like a great time! A Florida Christmas is my kind of Christmas, too.
Thanks for my imaginary trip to Marco Island…I loved it….I’m refreshed and ready to go back to work now!
You guys look like you had a great time. And now I’m seriously craving fish and chips! With a side of sushi.
That little belly is starting to poke out now
you look adorable!! Happy New Year! 2013 is the year we become Mommys… So I’m pretty sure it’s gonna be the best yet!
Megan recently posted..38 and 39 Week Update
Hey girl … I tried commenting on your blog, but it wouldn’t coroperate with me. But I wanted to tell you that you look absolutely amazing, and I hope I look as good as you at 39 weeks! What is your secret??
What a fun Christmas! Great food, family, and sun? Perfect! Love the baby books, so so cute!!
Laurie @ Love, Laugh, Laurie recently posted..Happy 2013!!
Oh wow those cinnamon rolls look amazing!!
Amanda @KnotLiving recently posted..My 2012 Reading List
Sounds like the perfect week to me! And yum, all of your food choices look amazing6: A Productive Start to the New Year
How cute are those baby books?!? What a precious idea! It looks like you had a wonderful holiday. Happy New Year!
You always choose the BEST looking meals ever. I think the next time I go somewhere I am going to consult with you before ordering anything!
Looks like a great time, glad you got to enjoy a relaxing vacation before baby!!
goodness lady you had some amazing food!! man oh man I really hope my craves GOOD stuff when Im prego and not something nasty like ice cream and pickles lol
Kat recently posted..Boxer Error
It looks like y’all had a blast!!! All of the food looks amazing, but those flatbreads are calling my name! We went to Huntsville on Sunday to spend the night with my cousins (I think there were about 16 of us all together) and had a great time. We went back to Nashville for NYE and spent that with my brother and his gf. It was fun being “out” to ring in the New Year! My favorite Christmas present was my Ninja blender from Daniel!
natalie @ southern fit foodie recently posted..I’m back – and with a detox juice recipe!
Ooh let me know how you like the Ninja! I’ve seen commercials for that thing, and it sounds awesome!
I am glad you had such a great holiday! Happy new year to you!
Alex @ therunwithin recently posted..Jam on Your Wednesday
Looks like the two of you had a wonderful holiday together. I cannot get over how adorable that little bathing suit for Addie is!
That bathing suit so so adorable!
Wow, you are positively glowing – looks like you both had a wonderful holiday vacay!! And any Christmas hol


t another video game movie has been announced to be on the way to the big screen, this time it’s the hit sci-fi/horror-action game, Dead Space. The game is set to be adapted for film by Eagle Eye and Disturbia director, D.J. Caruso. He and Electronic Arts are looking at prospective writers and once they have one, they’ll wait on the “sign off” from EA about the creative direction before they start to auction it to the various studios.
Since it’s early on in the development stages, there’s no word how closely the Dead Space film will follows the game’s plot, but it certainly sounds very cinematic and thus they shouldn’t need to change all that much (with a few tweaks here and there aside).
Dead Space is the fifth game from EA that is on the road to being turned into a movie: They already have Dante’s Inferno, Army of Two, The Sims and Mass Effect. The Dead Space game was released last year, and due to its success, a second and third game are on their way.
The second issue is of it being Caruso who’s set to direct: He’s not the absolute worst director in the world, but his overly flashy and showy style (see Disturbia and Eagle Eye – although admittedly I enjoyed the latter) doesn’t bode well for a Dead Space movie.
As I always am with video game movies, I’m willing to give Dead Space a fair shot. It certainly has a lot of elements within the game that have a lot of potential to make a really cool feature film. But the history of video games movies makes me dubious they’ll be able to manage it this time around. Here’s hoping.
Do you think Dead Space would make a good movie? And do you think D.J. Caruso is a good fit to adapt it?
Sources: Variety via Bloody-Disgusting </s> Goblinesque and portent, he heaved and grunted as the train pulled into the station with a hiss. Children gawped in awe as he jumped down from the bench and waddled across the platform.
Grinding his teeth until his jaw creaked, whispers trailed through steam,
“Ont-ils les articulations du genou?”
(Do they have knee joints?)
He pulls the touchscreen from his pocket and checks the time. Checks his messages. Three unread! A tentacle of temptation taps the tablet. She was going to cost him this much already so might as well, he thought to himself. </s> Sher Corwin Winters LLC
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Before forming Sher Corwin Winters, Mr. Winters was a partner at global firmand at St. Louis-based Thompson Coburn.
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■ Washington University, 1981, Order of Barristers, J.D.
■ Trinity University, 1978, B.S.
■ U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
■Recovering lost admin password
It appears that our administrator password has changed. </s> For example, if you want to get a sense for New Orleans, you could do the obvious web search [ New Orleans ] and get back decent results.
Now, to see different time-slices of search results, click on the "Show options..." button:
Latest are the results that are just now coming into Google. That means they're mostly from social media postings (such as Twitter or other user feeds), but results also come in from news organizations.
For instance, if you search on [ New Orleans ] and click on the "Past 24 hours" button:
And you'll see what the current topics are for the city and what news outlets generate content repeatedly during the week. (Apparently, the local football team made it into the Superbowl!)
Which gives you a timeline view of New Orleans over time.
Obviously, the web didn't exist back at the time of that big peak in the 1860's, so what's going on?
Google has indexed a huge volume of newspapers, magazines and books from that era. Each article is tagged with an "about date" (meaning, this is the time that the article is about). Newspaper articles, for instance, always have a publication date--and this is what you're seeing here. Something major happened in the 1860s (but I'll leave it


Interestingly, the police were on clear instruction from above to avoid conflict at all costs – wish that it was ever so!
 ‘resolution techniques’ in which a private provider, perhaps Pearson(?
"This project has had a long history and it’s fairly complex," Byker said Monday. "We wanted to meet with more of our supporters in the community and make sure they understand the facts of the case so we could have a strong presentation at the public hearing."


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This course is aimed at Project Support and Project Administrators working on projects which are run using the PRINCE2® methodology who need a short and thoroughThe Supporting PRINCE2® Projects course will provide delegates with a hands-on introduction to the theories and concepts of project management. It will also clarify what constitutes a project and identify the core principles of project management.
View more information on Supporting Prince2 Projects course outline.


Showing 481-532 of 532 items
Trail's End
Ni, LLC.


Articles, tagged with "christopher columbus"
 which lie 1730 miles east south east of Miami and 93 miles west of Puerto Rico. This section of the Virgin Islands has belonged to the United States since 1917 when they were acquired from the Danish go...


Leach said that could happen one of two ways: The county could shut down the jail and house its prisoners elsewhere, or, “It could happen if the county builds a new, modern jail for the 21st century, not the end of the 19th.”


In a sport where athletes obsess over precise tolerances for power meters and smart trainers, it hardly makes sense doing workouts which aren't accurate. But when we compared the results of more than 30,000* 4DP power profiles to the assumptions FTP-based apps typically use to design workouts, our Sports Science Team found that FTP-based workouts can set targets which are inaccurate for up to 94% of athletes - a problem which training with 4DP avoids.
Ask any experienced cycling coach and they’ll tell you how important it is to base workouts on the full power profile of an athlete. And that's what The Sufferfest does. Using our 4DP methodology, your FTP efforts are based on your FTP, MAP are based on your MAP, AC on your actual AC and sprints are based on your NM. Every target is, therefore, automatically and accurately calibrated to your specific and unique abilities so you get the best training stimulus possible.
To do this, they rely on physiological norms—or sometimes just crude estimations—of what the average person’s MAP, AC and NM are relative to their FTP. They're setting all your workout targets above FTP on, essentially, a guess about what you can do.
FTP targets based on FTP will be accurate for all athletes….obviously.
AC targets based on FTP are inaccurate for 82% of athletes.
NM targets based on FTP are inaccurate for 94% of athletes.
Clearly, FTP is not an effective reference for efforts above threshold. Look at the data and examine the incredible ranges in MAP, AC and NM power that athletes can produce relative to FTP. We've put our 30,000 test results into an interactive graph for you to filter by age and gender.
The x-axis (horizontal) shows power generated by people in our sample as a percent of FTP.
The colored curves represent the spread of athlete ability, as a percentage of FTP, for five-minute (MAP - yellow), one-minute (AC - red) and five-second (NM - blue) efforts. You can see, for example, that some athletes can only manage NM efforts of 150% of FTP while others can hit 700% (Clearly showing the folly of having sprints set to 250% of FTP for everyone).
Let's get personal. What’s the range in performance for people with your FTP? Let's take a look.
Enter your FTP in the calculator below.
Enter your FTP and gender to see what users like you are capable of across Maximal Aerobic, Anaerobic and Neuromuscular Power.
Doing workouts based on FTP is old science. Those apps will tell you that everything is just fine as it is. But the world has moved on. You deserve the best fitness returns for the time you spend training. That means using the most advanced, accurate sports science available and using targets that precisely match what you can do.
* We analysed a sample of more than 30,000 tests from both male and female cyclists ranging in age from 18 to 82 years old. All files in the sample met specific criteria for inclusion, including the use of real power measurement (no virtual power), valid test results and other factors. Extreme outliers were removed from the sample.
** What is 'just right?' To give those workouts every benefit possible, our team assumed that a target set by a FTP-based workout was 'just right,' when the reference metric (i.e., FTP) multiplied by the generally accepted physiological norm (e.g., 120% for MAP) was +/- 5% of the athlete's actual capability. Power-profile based workouts like 4DP, of course, don't need such leeway since they can precisely target the athlete's actual ability. It’s also worth stating that we are talking about setting the actual target within a workout itself. A further part of the art and science of performance improvement is how close an athlete needs to come that target in order to get a training stimulus (e.g., the athlete does not need to hit exactly 100% of their AC in order to drive AC improvement). The acceptable range varies by the desired training stimulus, the energy system targeted, the intensity and duration of the effort as well as other factors. It goes without saying, however, that if the accuracy of the target itself is wrong, then any deviation from that incorrect target will take the rider even further from the desired training stimulus.
*** We use 5w 'buckets' for this analysis. So if you enter, say, 237w, we'll show you results for everyone with an FTP of 235-240w. We do this so competitors are not able to get a complete picture of how the power profiles break down in 1w increments. This does not significantly affect the relevance of the results for any particular individual. As well, while we have substantial data sets for most FTPs, extremely low or high numbers may have small populations. For this reason, the results shown may not capture the full range of human ability.


Pfizer and Fauci still want to inject your kids...
Although many COVID-19 mandates are being rescinded, many governments continue to push and support the COVID-19 jab created by companies like Pfizer. The science has shown that both masks and lockdowns did very little to stop the coronavirus from sweeping the globe. This, with the backlash from the general public, has led to many states within America to start pulling back on the mandates and . Again, the narrative surrounding the COVID-19 jab hasn’t changed as the Biden administration and some key officials like Dr. Anthony Fauci support the drug. But unlike masks and lockdowns, the side effects from the jab narrative is having a way bigger impact that some might have though.
In the video below, Pearson Sharp, of One American News, detailed how the Office for National Statistics showed that children who were given the COVID-19 jab had a death rate 52 times higher than those who weren’t given the drug. What is even more startling about the data presented by Pearson was back in December, yet new outlets aren’t discussing it.
Indict try and fry.
As long as Dems are in power, there will only be lies to help the people. WEF and UN are using colander jabs to bring on their totalitarian state. They will pay for the harm they have caused, but it will not be here or now. Soon, His will shall be done.
Why are you calling it a vaccine? It isn’t.


D knows the river better than Dave Mallahan.
You can never go wrong fishing with Dave, he works hard to get the fish in the boat for his clients and as you can see he’s good at his job.
Call Dave Mallahan of Dave’s Guide Service at 360-201-9313 and book your trip today!


Nix subs at short for Jeter, who serves as DH
Nix entered Saturday with no hits and no walks in seven plate appearances this season, but he quickly changed that by hitting a two-run home run to cap a four-run second inning that saw the Yankees take a 4-0 lead over the Mariners.
"What I worry about is that when they are fatigued, they're going to pull something," Girardi said. "That's my concern. I've been more proactive with Alex than I have been with Derek. I'm just trying to be proactive. We're in a stretch of 16 games. I'm going to have to pick a couple of spots for each of them."


Mulberry Harbours at Rotherhithe's South Dock in the Second World War
During the Second World War South Dock's lock was badly damaged and could no longer be used for access from the Thames.  As a strategic commercial target the docks had been targeted by German bombers and this was only one of many dock structures to be devastated.  South Dock and Greenland Dock had independent lock entrances because they had been owned by separate dock companies, but when the two docks became part of the same company a cut was created to link the two, so access to South Dock was still possible via the Greenland Dock lock entrance.  However, in 1944 there was a pressing need for dry docks for the construction of Mulberry Harbours, so the decision was made to cut off South Dock from Greenland Dock, to ready it for the construction of concrete sections of Mulberry units for the armed forces.
Schematic of main components of the
Arromanches Mulberry Harbour, from the
So what were Mulberry Harbours and why were they so important?  "Mulberries" were designed to meet a logistical problem to an assault on the Normandy beaches that would make a profound difference to the outcome of the war.  In 1942 the British attacked the heavily fortified town of Dieppe and were turned back.  But if British troops were to be landed in France, some part of the French coast would have to be breached, and it was decided that the beaches of Normandy would be the best option.  But there were two problems.  First, any invasion would require huge numbers of men and heavy equipment, and with no infrastructure in place to receive, unload, process and supply the  invasion, and the difficulties inherent in capturing a suitable port posted a potentially massive problem.  Second, troops and supplies were to be landed directly on the beaches but the coastline of Normandy featured long and shallow inclines, meaning that at low tide boats could not approach near enough to the shore to offload their cargoes.  But these was the sort of problems that the armed forces were expert at solving. Churchill had had a similar idea in 1917 to cope with the capture of two islands in the Danish-Dutch seas, but the man usually credited with the idea of the Mulberry Harbours is Hugh Iorys Hughes whose brother Commodore John Hughes-Hallet presented it to the Navy.  Whoever it was who came up with the idea, it was concluded that if a harbour could not be captured, then a harbour should be built, transported and then installed wherever it was needed.  These were the Mulberry Harbours.
Surviving Phoenix caisson breakwater components
at Arromanches.  Sourced from Wikipedia
Mulberry Harbours were modular units which, when assembled, could be used to create temporary harbours along the Normandy coast.   They consisted of pier-heads (known as "spud-pontoons"), piers ("whales"), inter-linked concrete pontoons "beetles"), caissons to form breakwaters ("phoenixes") and in-shore shelters provided by ships forming a barrier (gooseberries).  There is a brilliant description of how all these elements fit together on Chris Bridges's "Mulberries and Gooseberries" page, together with some super illustrations.  Floating pontoons were placed at 80ft intervals between the pier-head (where boats would dock) and the beach and carried the 80ft-long piers (whales) that formed floating roads that allowed people and cargo to be unloaded onto the shore.  As the tide raised and fell, so too did the floating moorings, allowing ships to moor and offload, even at low tide. 146 caissons were required to form 9.5kms of breakwater to protect both the piers and the ships, each 60 metres long, 18 metres high and 15 metres wide.  The breakwaters formed by Phoenix units, more or less parallel to the piers, and the sheltering barrier of ships called gooseberries formed protecting arms to emulate a true harbour.
Diagram showing how the piers were deployed at high and low tides. From
Chris Bridges. Mulberries and Goodberries. http://www.hksw.org/despatches_107_1_a.htm
After various experimental prototypes were tested, two Mulberries were assembled for deployment:  Mulberry A at Omaha beach, and Mulberry B at Arromanches, each with an intended capacity of  7000 tons of vehicles and supplies a day.
Artist's impression of a Phoenix caisson, showing hw
they were shaped to resemble lighters.
From the war44.com website
Different parts of the Mulberry Harbours were manufactured in different places (much as the Airbus is today), transported to a distribution hub and were later assembled where they were needed.  This was because of the sheer amount of work involved, described evocatively on the Combined Operations Command website:  "The scale of the project was enormous and was in danger of over-stretching the capacity of the UK's civil engineering industry. From late summer of 1943 onwards three hundred firms were recruited from around the country employing 40,000 to 45,000 personnel at the peak. Men from trades and backgrounds not associated with the construction industry were drafted in and given crash courses appropriate to their work. Their task was to construct 212 caissons ranging from 1672 tons to 6044 tons, 23 pier-heads and 10 miles of floating roadway."
Phoenix' concrete caissons, part of the Mulberry artificial harbour,
being constructed in Surrey Docks in Rotherhithe, London,
17 April 1944. Imperial War Museum H37607
The component that was manufactured at South Dock was the caisson, or Phoenix, used to form the breakwaters.  The contract for building twelve Phoenix B sections in Rotherhithe was given to John Mowlem, a civil engineering company, in late 1943.   The Phoenix units  were airtight cases made of concrete and steel that were open at the bottom. Although they look fairly boxy, they were shaped at bow and stern ends to resemble barges on the grounds that they would have to be sea-worthy both when being towed and when in position. They were designed to float and were fitted with air-cocks so that they could be lowered evenly to rest on the sea-bed.   Eight were to be built at South Dock, four at Russia Dock (also on Rotherhithe) as well as another six at East India Dock on the north of the Thames.  South Dock was turned into a dry dock by Mowlems, who drained the dock, sealing it with a concrete barrier at the lock and blocking the cut that connected South Dock to Greenland Dock.   The base of the dock was then covered with 6ft of rubble to ready it for the construction of concrete sections of the Mulberry units.  South Dock must have been a strange sight with no water in it.  The above photograph from the Imperial War Museum shows what the units looked like when under construction at South Dock.  It is a truly spectacular scene!  The photo has been taken the eastern edge of Rotherhithe, looking over the Phoenix units towards Greenland Dock, which is still filled with water and has a ship in dock.  The sheer number of cranes that serviced both docks is impressive - many of the crane tracks still exist but there's nothing like seeing a photograph of what it was all like in action.
Surviving Phoenix units at Portland Harbour
On the 17th March 1944 the Phoenix sections under construction at South Dock had all been completed. Steelyard Cut, which still links South Dock with Greenland Dock, was re-opened, the dock was refilled via Greenland Dock, and the Phoenix sections were floated out first through the cut, with only 9 inches of clearance and then out onto the Thames through Greenland Dock's entrance lock, and transported downriver and out to British coastal destinations.  Each was fitted for the journey with a small crew, a temporary cabin and an anti-aircraft gun, which came into use when a German bomber flew low to take a closer look and was fired upon.   Many of the caissons were initially sunk to hide them from German spy planes, and were re-floated, with some difficulty, when ready for deployment in France.
Mulberry Harbour B.  Photograph from Mulberries and Goosberries by Chris Bridges.
My brief article has looked at Mulberry Harbours through a Rotherhithe-centric lens, and the main sources for the post are listed here, but if you are interested in Mulberry Harbours and want to find out more, there is a lot more information about them all over the web, and of course in some excellent books about the Second World War.
Combined Operations Command website Mulberry Harbours http://www.combinedops.com/Mulberry%20Harbours.htm
Stuart Rankin.  Maritime Rotherhithe History Walks, Walk B:  Shipwyards, Granaries and Wharves. Southwark Council 2005
Michael F. Kennard. The Building of Mulberry Harbour. The War Illustrated, Volume 10, No. 255, Page 771-772, April 11, 1947 http://www.thewarillustrated.info/255/the-building-of-mulberry-harbour.asp
And a HUGE thank-you to Michele of the What's On In Rotherhithe Group (http://www.se16-worg.co.uk) for pointing me to the photograph of Phoenix units being built in South Dock.
Posted by Andie at 13:46
Labels: 20th Century, Docks, Heritage, Local History, South Dock, WW2
In July 2018 I moved to Aberdovey on the mid Welsh coast, and began a blog there. It is a very different place and experiences are all completely novel. If you are interested, you can find it at https://aberdoveylondoner.wordpress.com


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l (∼.RCT to assessty. Prior to inclusion, all patients were treated with BMT according to the international guidelines (5,7,15) and the treatment algorithm of Jensen et al. (6). Invasive therapy, such as intrathecal drug delivery, was not allowed. Afor developing the protocol (available at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01162993). The study was performed at the outpatient painUMC+ and the institutional review board of the Radboud UMCstudy procedures and outcomes.
Lead Placement, Trial Stimulation, and Criteria for Permanent SCS Implantation
In addition, we measured pain characteristics, HRQoL, pain interference with sleep, sleep quality and quantity, mood, and registered medication use at all time points.
HRQoL was measured with the EuroQol five dimensions (EQ-5D) (20). In this instrument, a utility score can be computed for each of five health states, based on preferences from a general population in the U.K., i.e., the U.K. tariff (21). Additionally, patients can rate their current health on a visual analog scale (22). In addition, the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 (MOS SF-36) (23,24) was used to evaluate patients’ perceived health state, which is composed of 36 questions and standardized response choices, organized into eight multi-item scales that can be averaged to form two composite scores,patients who were randomized, even those patients without a postbaseline measurement. Dropouts were classified as failures for SCS. The efficacy analysis was a logistic regression of the difference between the SCS group and the BMT group in the proportion of patients with a success of treatment over the course of 6 months. For the PGIC score (dichotomized as a score of <6 or ≥6), there was no pretreatment data and therefore only. We performed a multivariats (age, sex, and MDNS score) on the primary outcome measure.
EQ-5D utility score and EQ-5D current health.
Seven out of 22 patients (32%) of the SCS group were able to reduce their pain medication, and for 2 of them, the SCS became the sole treatment for their PDPN pain. Twelve patients (55%) did not change their medication in combination with SCS treatment. Four patients (29%) in the BMT group reported an increased use of medication compared with baseline, and one patient changed to another category of neuropathic pain medication. In 9 out of 14 (64%) patients, medication use was unchanged as compared with baseline.
Complications and (Serious) Adverse Events
Serious adverse events were noted in two patients. Implantation of the lead for test stimulation was complicated by a dural puncture, causing a postdural puncture headache in one patient (male, 65 years of age). After conservative treatment was startedree days after the procedure, the headache suddenly increased and within minutes, the patient became unresponsive. T a CT scan showed a large subdural hematoma over the left hemisphere with a diameter of 26 mm, causing a midline shift of 19.8 mm. Despite immediate  10 days after surgery.
A Review studies report  (41,42). The most common complications related to SCS are hardware related (lead migration, lead fracturing, connection failure, and discomfort), infection, subcutaneous hematomas, and cerebrospinal fluid leak (41–43). In our study, severe complications were noted in two patients (9%) during a period of 6 months following implantation. In one patient, an infection occurred 6 weeks after SCS system implantation, and the patient responded to antibiotic management and removal of the SCS system. In the second patient, however, a dural puncture during the trial phase resulted in postdural puncture headache and subsequent development of a subdural hematoma with lethal outcome. To the best of our knowledge, a subSCS. After extensive review of the literature, we found one case report of a subdural hematoma after an SCS implant, where the patient suffered from minor head injury within 24 h before dural tearing and showed full neurological recovery after emergent craniotomy (44). Although extensive examination of our patient’s record was performed, no predictors for this devastating serious adverse event could be found. Except for this lethal complication,literature (41–43). Nevertheless, given the invasive nature of SCS, our data underscore that SCS reduced pain but should be applied as a last resort treatment and only should be carried out in specialized centers by ag SCS treatment.
These limitations notwithstanding and including the risks, oMedtronic, which provided a grant for the employment of R.S. for 3 yeadtronic
Author Contributions. R.S.N.C.S., C.G.F., E.A.J., and C.D.DR.T.v.D..G.KM.vM.v.


- Author Name;
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The above banner was created from the blue mountain photo above and the tiger stripe ice cream clouds below.


'I like businesses that are relevant to the lives of ordinary people. We have more than nine million customers. If you follow the customer you should be OK.'
Darroch says: 'I've no regrets. The share price performance of ITV is disappointing, but we said we were happy to hold it for the long term. We thought there was potential there - clearly, we don't want to sell.'
Darroch says: 'We wholesale some of our channels already, so we're not afraid of that. In fact, it allows us to offset our investment in premium content.'
'I took my family to see the James Bond film, Quantum Of Solace, recently,' he says. 'There were five of us and it cost me £63 - £38 for tickets and £25 for drinks and sweets. For that, you can get everything from Sky for a month.'


one: Jimmy Fallon has a sketch on his show called Kid Theatre, where he has elementary school kids write scripts based just on movie titles. So when Channing Tatum came on, they read kids' scripts for Magic Mike. I advise not watching at work, because you're going to crack up.
Haha that kiss cam was pretty funny! Why was that guy even on the phone at a game?


'll know that I'. Yes, pixie to shoulder has taken forever, not to mention I desperately miss my pixie cut and every time I see a girl with one I think "look at her awesomely cute pixie cut, that used to be me!
For your amusement, let's just take a quick stroll down hair memory lane, hm?
Here was my hair for many years…
Loved this cut SO much!
But speaking of length, the question is, how long do I really want to go?
Or do I attempt for the holy grail of long hair?You know, past my shoulders. Properly long?Knowing all the while it's not going to really look that good because it's so straight and fine. But on the other hand, the older I get, the harder it will be to maintain. So if I want long hair, I should have one last hurrah, right?
7 thoughts on "Hair."
dye it with henna!
I love seeing your hair through the years!I grew my hair out to about mid back (I too have super straight hair) and I didn't like it at all!I think shoulder length or a few inches longer is perfect!
Thank you!Agreed that shoulder length is good for those of us with crazy straight hair!
I personally loved the straight "fringe" look on you, and I think hair is a great way to change up your look — because it grows back!


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Come more! Focus will be on taking an idea from start to finish, strategizing and problem solving to create projects that are not only cool to look at, but also serve a purpose. Students will be using low-heat glue guns in this class.
Our teachers lead process-oriented art activities, designed to stimulate children's curiosity and creativity while utilizing a vast array of recycled materials.


dining room serves Charleston's version of farm-to-table food.
Chef-owner Kevin Johnson's approachable menu is big on interesting
devilled-egg sauce; the warm salad of shrimp, kale, pancetta and
radish is sublime.
4 Cannon Street. About £70 for two (00 1 843 302 8825;). brothy ramen noodles with locally sourced pork
studded with pickled raisins. If you like what you see - and taste-
Charleston restaurant vet Craig Deihl opened
Cypress to showcase his love of traditional
a crispy guinea-hen confit with Korean-style shrimp-fried rice. The
New World reds and Central European whites.
167 East Bay Street. About £60 for two (00 1 843 727 0111;). Atlantic swordfish and
sorghum-glazed chicken - is served on the porch or in the
(and equally historic) red-brick bar.
76 Queen Street. About £60 for two (00 1 843 577 2500;).-South varieties such as peanut-butter pie and
cakes in nearly 20 varieties, including German chocolate, red
chocolate-chip and ginger cookies, tiny fruit-filled tarts or gooey
59 1/2 Cannon Street ()
Pictured: Two Boroughs Larder


Thanks for your interest in SendGrid Error ErroError


Have a question about the GAMMA Hellbender BLEMISHED.