Black Sea Fleet

Context: In 2020, the Black Sea Fleet obtained seven new warships and auxiliary ships, including corvette "Grayvoron", patrol ship "Pavel Derzhavin", seagoing tug "Sergey Balk", as well as a harbour tugs and three hydrographic survey vessels. In 2021, the same number of vessels should enter service.

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: In November, further tensions started amidst the build-up of Russian ground forces on the Ukraine border. On 2 November, the destroyer USS "Porter" entered the Black Sea, followed on 25 November by the destroyer USS "Arleigh Burke". In late October, the Russian Black Sea fleet held a large exercise with a cruiser, a frigate and three corvettes.

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: On February 28, Turkey indicated that it was closing the Dardanelles Straits to all foreign warships for the duration of the conflict. Turkish Foreign Minister, Mevlut Cavusoglu, argued that the move was consistent with terms of the Montreux Convention. An exception would be allowed for Russian ships returning from the Mediterranean to Black Sea bases where they were registered.

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: On March 19, 2022, the Deputy Commander of Russian Black Sea Fleet Captain First Rank Andrey Nikolaevich Paliy was reportedly killed in action near Mariupol in Ukraine. On March 24, the Ukrainian military hit and destroyed the Russian Tapir-class landing ship "Saratov" at the Port of Berdiansk. Two "Ropucha"-class landing ships were possibly damaged in the same attack.

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: On March 30 it was reported that, as part of an operation by Russian special forces, the Ukrainian navy Project 1824B reconnaissance ship "Pereyaslav" was reportedly hit by gunfire at the mouth of the Dnieper river. The extent of the damage was unknown.

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: In early May, Ukraine claimed to have destroyed two Russian Raptor-class patrol boats along with a Serna Class landing craft using a Ukrainian Baykar Bayraktar TB2 Unmanned Air Combat Vehicle (UCAV) near Snake Island in the Black Sea.

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: On May 8, Ukrainian officials released footage showing the destruction of two Raptor-class patrol boats and the damaging of a third one, adding that 46 Russian crew members were killed during the operation.

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: On May 15, four Kalibr missiles launched from the Black Sea hit Ukrainian military facilities at Yavoriv, near Lviv. The attack was "probably" carried out by submarines. Lviv region's Governor Maxim Kozitsky acknowledged that the target was "completely destroyed".

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: On May 17, the Ministry of Defense of Russia reported that seaborne Kalibr missiles struck railway facilities at Starichi station near Lviv the night before. The attack was aimed at NATO weapons deliveries to Ukraine. Governor Maxim Kozitsky confirmed the damage on railway infrastructure. The command of the Ukrainian Air Defence claims the shooting down of three missiles in the area.

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: On June 17, Russian rescue tug Vasily Bekh was reportedly sunk due to two hits by anti-ship missiles (putatively of type Harpoon) while carrying personnel, weapons, and ammunition to resupply Russian-occupied Snake Island.

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: 27th Composite Aviation Division (in Crimea but subordinate to 4th Air and Air Defence Forces Army – Rostov-on-Don)

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Black Sea Fleet

Context: 51st Air Defense Division (HQ: Rostov-on-Don; with S-400, S-300, Pantsir, Buk SAM systems subordinate to 4th Air Army)

Question: Где базируется Черноморский флот России на апрель 2019 в Крыму?


Lukoil

Context: "Langepas, Uray, and Kogalym" oil (Lukoil) was established by the USSR Council of Ministers Decree No. 18 on November 25, 1991, as a state-owned enterprise. In the new company, three oil production companies, Langepasneftegaz, Uraineftegaz, and Kogalymneftegaz, processing company Permnefteorgsintez, and the Volgograd and Novosibirsk refineries, were merged (the latter soon came under the control of the authorities of Bashkortostan).

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: On April 5, 1993, Lukoil transformed itself from a state-owned enterprise to a private open joint-stock company based on Presidential Decree No. 1403 of November 17, 1992.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In 1994, Lukoil became the first company to begin offering shares of stock on the new Russian Trading System.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In 1997, Lukoil signed a contract with the Iraqi Ministry of Oil for the development and production of the second stage of the West Qurna-2 oil field. After Saddam Hussein's regime was overthrown, the project was suspended and later terminated.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In 1999, Lukoil acquired numerous enterprises such as the Odessa Oil Refinery in Ukraine, the Burgas Oil Refinery in Bulgaria, and KomiTEK.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In 2000, Lukoil acquired American oil company Getty Oil, resulting in the control of a network of gas stations in the United States as well as the first time Lukoil enters the American oil market.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In 2007, Lukoil established a joint-venture with Gazprom and in 2008, established a joint-venture as well with Italian oil company ERG S.p.A. In 2009, Lukoil and Norwegian oil company Statoil won a tender offer for the development of the West Qurna Field in Iraq. However, in early 2012, Statoil withdrew from the project, resulting in Lukoil consolidating 75% of development of the oil field.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: From 2010 to February 2011, ConocoPhillips sold its whole 20% stake in Lukoil due to its difficult financial situation.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In September 2012, Lukoil created a shared service centre in the Czech Republic to provide accounting services to its subsidiaries in Belgium, Poland, and Bulgaria. In December 2012, Lukoil bought the Imilor field for ₽50.8 billion in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug to explore and develop the hydrocarbon deposits located there.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In February 2013, Lukoil sold the Odessa Oil Refinery to the Ukrainian "East European Fuel and Energy Company" (VETEK). For Lukoil, the oil refinery was unprofitable when production was stopped as early as October 2010 and the refinery finally closed in the summer of 2013. In April 2013, Lukoil agreed to buy Hess Corporation's Russian unit for $2.05 billion.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In 2014, the company faced a sharp decline in retail sales in Ukraine by 42%, caused by Russian intervention in Ukraine. As a result, the management of Lukoil agreed to sell 100% of its subsidiary Lukoil Ukraine to the Austrian company AMIC Energy Management, which was announced at the end of July 2014.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In 2015, it sold its service stations in Estonia and Ukraine, and in 2016, it sold its service stations in Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Cyprus.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In March 2022, its market stock price dropped 95 percent, as a result of international sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: The company's proved hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 amounted to 17.255 billion barrels of oil equivalent, including 13.319 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.67 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. In terms of proved oil reserves, Lukoil, according to its own information, was the sixth-largest private oil company in the world at the time.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In addition, probable hydrocarbon reserves as of January 1, 2011 were 8.46 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including oil 6.47 billion barrels of petroleum and 0.34 trillion cubic meters of natural gas). Possible reserves were 3.17 billion barrels of oil equivalent (including 2.78 billion barrels of petroleum and 65.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas).

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: Since 2016, Lukoil has been trying to get a development license for Nadezhda field in Baltic field, situated in Kaliningrad region aside of Continental shelf, which is booked for state companies only. In October 2021, due to ecology risks, the Russian government withdrew the decision to provide the license for geological exploration at Nadezhda field.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In December 2011, Lukoil established a joint venture with Bashneft to develop the Trebs and Titov oil fields. Total recoverable reserves and oil resources from these fields are 89.73 million tons in C1 category, 50.33 million tons in C2 category and 59.29 million tons in category C3.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: The operator of Lukoil's foreign projects in the exploration and production sector is its subsidiary, Lukoil Overseas.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: Lukoil is involved in the implementation of 16 projects for the exploration and development of structures and deposits in the following countries:

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: The extraction of hydrocarbons from all the above projects is carried out only in Kazakhstan (5.5 million tons of oil and 1.9 billion cubic meters in 2006) and Egypt (0.2 million tons).

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: The subsidiary company Lukoil-Neftekhim specializes in petrochemistry, and operates the Stavrolen (Budyonnovsk), Saratovorgsintez, and the Karpatneftekhim (Kalush, Ukraine) petrochemical plants. Petrochemical facilities are also part of the Neftochim Burgas Combine in Bulgaria. "Lukoil" is the largest producer of alkene and acrylonitrile in Eastern Europe. Together with Sibur, Lukoil-Neftekhim owns a controlling stake in the Polief plant.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: Transportation of oil produced by Lukoil in Russia is carried out for the most part by the pipelines of Transneft, as well as by rail and water transport. Oil produced at the company's fields in Kazakhstan is transported through pipelines such as the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: Lukoil sells petrol in 59 regions of Russia and in 17 other countries, both CIS and Western: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium (through its subsidiary Jet until late 2008, since rebranded to Lukoil), Bulgaria, Croatia (operated by Lukoil Croatia, but under the brand name "Europa-Mil"), Finland (Teboil), Georgia, Italy, Luxembourg, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey and the United States. , it had 166 tank farms and 5,867 filling stations.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: Lukoil has the aggregate power generation capacity of 5,800 MW, of which 73% is for commercial use. Lukoil generates about 99% of electrical power of the Astrakhan Oblast and 62% of the Krasnodar Krai. Its main power generation subsidiaries are Lukoil-Volgogradenergo, Lukoil-Rostovenergo, Luikoil-Kubanenergo, Lukoil-Astrakhanenergo, and Lukoil-Stavropolenergo.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: Lukoil operates two solar power plants at its own refineries in Romania and Bulgaria with respective capacity of 9 MW and 1.3 MW. A 10-MW solar plant is under construction at the Volgograd Refinery. It also owns an 84-MW wind farm in Topolog, Romania.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In particular, the company sponsors the Volgograd water polo club Lukoil-Spartak. Lukoil also sponsors the Russian Olympic Committee and is one of the founders of the Russian Olympians Support Fund. In February 2014, Lukoil signed an agreement with the government of Arkhangelsk Oblast about supporting Vodnik.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In March 2022, Toby Gati, Roger Munnings and Wolfgang Schüssel left the board of directors due to International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: According to Lukoil, their numbers in 2007 recorded a drop of 7.8% in the volume of pollutant effects and a drop of 3.8% in the area of contaminated lands compared to 2006. These numbers came after an appeal from EMERCON, the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Natural Disaster Recovery, which proposed that Lukoil participate in the development of monitoring, prevention, and emergency recovery systems.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: At the same time, Lukoil faces criticism from various environmental organizations. In particular, the company's oil production in the Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad Oblast was criticized as it is 22 kilometers away from the Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: According to a number of critics, Lukoil inherited the worst standards of the Soviet oil industry with respect to the environment, not taking enough responsibility to minimize pollution in its oil fields and refineries.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: Lukoil has been ranked as among the 14th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on indigenous rights and resource extraction in the Arctic.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI) Lukoil is ranked no. 37 out of 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In the fall of 2003, the Russian Emergencies Ministry revealed the oil spill as a result of the depressurization of the interfacial oil pipeline belonging to the TPP Lukoil-Usinskneftegaz on the territory of the Komi Republic near the city of Usinsk. The area of oil pollution in one case was about 1.8 thousand m2, in the second - 377 m2.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: On January 25, 2011 at about 10:00 (local time), as a result of oil leakage in the engine room LGPZ (CCI "Langepasneftegaz"), there was a fire. Fire extinguished more than 50 fighter. The plant suspended its work.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: On May 11, 2021, a leakage was identified in a pipeline connected to Lukoil's Oshkoye field. The spill was estimated at 100 tons of oil, yet environmentalists argued that 100 tons is an underestimate. The spill had infiltrated the Kolva river and traveled upstream, affecting the river habitats. Russia's Northwest Komi Republic declared emergency. The damage was estimated at $4.1 billion.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In January 2015, the Security Service of Ukraine announced an investigation into whether Lukoil had financed separatists in Donbass.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: In July 2011, Lukoil had a conflict with Bulgarian authorities. According to the latter, the company's Bourgas refinery did not have timely installed meters for the manufactured fuel (used to determine the amount of excises paid), which, according to officials, Lukoil allegedly underpaid about €250 million to the country's budget. As a result, the company lost its license and was stopped, but in early August 2011 the plant was re-launched.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


Lukoil

Context: On 11 September 2014, US President Obama said that the United States would join the EU in imposing tougher sanctions on Russia's financial, energy and defence sectors, following the escalation of Russo-Ukrainian War. The U.S. added Lukoil to the Sectoral Sanctions Identifications list on September 12, 2014.

Question: Кто владеет ПАО «Лукойл» на апрель 2019?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Following the referendum, the State Council of Crimea and Sevastopol City Council declared the independence of the Republic of Crimea from Ukraine and requested to join the Russian Federation. On the same day, Russia recognized the Republic of Crimea as a sovereign state.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: According to the 2001 Ukrainian population census, 58.3% of the population of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea are ethnic Russians, 24.3% are ethnic Ukrainians and 12% are Crimean Tatars. In Sevastopol, 71.6% are ethnic Russians and 22.4% are ethnic Ukrainians. 77% of Crimea's and 94% of Sevastopol's population are native speakers of Russian.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Crimea and Sevastopol are neighboring subdivisions of Ukraine located in the Crimean peninsula, a region with a long and complex history. Demographically, the region is currently populated by Russian-speaking majorities but with such demographics undergoing dramatic changes for the past 200 years, due in part to the deportation of the Crimean Tatars 70 years ago. Following the Tatar deportation, large numbers of ethnic Russians and ethnic Ukrainians settled in the region.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: A poll by the International Republican Institute in May 2013 found that 53% wanted "Autonomy in Ukraine (as today)", 12% were for "Crimean Tatar autonomy within Ukraine", 2% for "Common oblast of Ukraine" and 23% voted for "Crimea should be separated and given to Russia".

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: A poll conducted in Crimea in 2013 and then repeated February 8 – 18, 2014 (just days before the ousting of former Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych), by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) found 35.9% and then 41% support for unification of all Ukraine with Russia.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The Crimean Institute of Political and Social Research conducted a survey from March 8–10, 2014, and found that 77% of respondents planned to vote for "reunification with Russia", while 97% of polled Crimeans assessed the current situation in Ukraine as negative.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Gallup conducted an immediate post-referendum survey of Ukraine and Crimea and published their results in April 2014. Gallup reported that, among the population of Crimea, 93.6% of ethnic Russians and 68.4% of ethnic Ukrainians believed the referendum result accurately represents the will of the Crimean people. Only 1.7% of ethnic Russians and 14.5% of ethnic Ukrainians living in Crimea thought that the referendum results didn't accurately reflect the views of the Crimean people.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: In May 2014, Washington, D.C., pollster Pew Research published results of a survey that encompassed Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia, in which it was reported that 88% of Crimeans believed the government of Kyiv should officially recognize the result of Crimea's referendum.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: From January 16 – 22, 2015, Germany's GfK Group, with support from the Canada Fund for Local Initiatives, followed-up their pre-referendum survey of Crimeans' voting intention with a post-referendum survey about how satisfied Crimeans are with the outcome of their referendum. GfK's post-referendum survey found that 82% of Crimeans "Fully endorse" Crimea's referendum and return to Russia, while another 11% "Mostly endorse" it.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People had called for a boycott of the referendum. Several hundred residents of Crimea, mainly Crimean Tatars, left Crimea for security reasons according to the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The referendum was announced to be held on March 16 2014 in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. The procedure for holding the referendum was established by the temporary referendum regulations adopted by the Supreme Council of Crimea and the Sevastopol City Council.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: There were two choices to choose from on the ballot. Voters were able to choose only one of these. The choices reflected the following stances:

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: "Choice 1: Do you support the reunification of Crimea with Russia with all the rights of the federal subject of the Russian Federation?"

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: "Choice 2: Do you support the restoration of the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea in 1992 and the status of the Crimea as part of Ukraine?"

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The referendum's available choices did not include keeping the status quo of retaining arrangements enacted by the 1998 Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Additionally, the second choice, is unclear because there were two revisions of the Crimean constitution in 1992. The original 1992 constitution was adopted together with a declaration of independence, but parliament then amended the constitution one day later to affirm that Crimea "was a part of Ukraine".

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Many commentators, including "The New York Times", Kyiv Post, and Fox News argued that both choices would result in "de facto" independence.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The ballot was printed in three languages: Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar (in the Cyrillic script).

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: There were two simultaneous referendums, one organised by the city council of Sevastopol and another organised by a special committee set up by the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The voting boxes were transparent and the ballots were not placed in envelopes in such a way as to make the marked ballots visible through the box walls.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The referendum was to be decided by a simple majority with the choice with the most votes declared winner.The referendum rules did not state if there was a threshold number of votes needed for the result to be enacted.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The interim Ukrainian government, the European Union, and several other bodies stated that any referendum held by the local government of Crimea without the express authority of Ukraine is unconstitutional and illegitimate. The interim government in Kyiv and the pro-Russian Crimean faction did not recognize each other as legitimate. Additionally, the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People—the unofficial political association of the Crimean Tatars—called for a boycott of the referendum.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Russia and the Crimean parliament argue that the referendum is legal, citing the UN recognized right of self-determination and the advisory opinion on Kosovo in which the International Court of Justice declared that international law contains no prohibition against declarations of independence. Legal scholars have disputed the validity of the Kosovo analogy.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Party of Regions MP Yuriy Miroshnychenko claimed on March 11 that "the Crimean referendum is illegitimate, and its holding must be immediately stopped". Another Party of Regions MP, Hanna Herman, commented the same day about Yanukovych's press conference, "He needs to ... prevent the illegal referendum".

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: President of Russia Vladimir Putin during his conversation with Mustafa Dzhemilev, a former Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, stated that Ukrainian Independence from the Soviet Union was not obtained legitimately, while maintaining that the Crimean referendum followed all international-law, the UN charter, and the convention established by Kosovo's NATO-prodded annexation from Serbia.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Unsigned billboards and leaflets campaigning for the referendum, describing new Ukraine government as fascists and showing economic reasons to join Russia, appeared throughout Crimea.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: OSCE also published a report about their observations which "produced significant evidence of equipment consistent with the presence of Russian Federation military personnel in the vicinity of the various roadblocks encountered".

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The UN Human Rights Envoy Ivan Šimonović had to cancel his trip to Crimea as the current situation did not permit his travel. He intended to observe the human rights situation which was Russia's explanation for its engagement in Crimea.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Russian-controlled media and referendum organizers said that from nearly 70 to 135 international observers monitored the referendum without reporting any violations, but the objectivity of these has been questioned, because many of them had ties to far-right extremist groups.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: According to Yale historian Timothy Snyder, the Russian government invited individuals belonging to European far-right, anti-semitic and neo-Nazi parties to serve as observers. At least some of the international observers were managed and financed by the Eurasian Observatory for Democracy & Elections (EODE), a far-right, NGO international election-monitoring organization.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Shaun Walker from "The Guardian" reported that during a press conference on the eve of the referendum, some of the aforementioned observers "went on political rants against U.S. hegemony in the world", describing the press conference as "rather bizarre".

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Exit-polls were allowed only for the Republican Institute of Sociological Research since, according to Russia-24, no other organizations have applied for accreditation for exit polls.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: A Russian journalist claimed that she was allowed to vote even after admitting she was a Russian citizen with only a temporary one-year permit to live in Crimea. "According to all the laws, this is illegal," she said in one interview. "I am a foreign citizen. How can I decide the destiny of the Crimean Autonomous Republic of Ukraine?"

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The chairman of the electoral campaign of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People claimed officials did not check carefully whether voters' names were on the electoral register and that some voters were bussed in to Bakhchysarai to increase participation rates in the city. Mejlis also stated that only 34.2% of Crimea residents participated in the referendum.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: There were a few reports of people confiscating identification documents before the voting day. Simferopol city administration confirmed these claims and declared these actions unlawful.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: According to three Czech observers funded by the pro-Russian far-right non-governmental organization Eurasian Observatory for Democracy & Elections, deputy Stanislav Berkovec reported that the voting was free and the foreign deputies could move freely. According to his discussions with people, even the Tatars inclined towards Russia. Another deputy Milan Šarapatka reported that the referendum was formally regular and that there was no evidence of pressure on voters.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: According to Miloslav Soušek (the Vysoké Mýto mayor), the course of the referendum was comparable to the elections in the Czech Republic, he saw no soldiers in the town.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: According to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine on February 28, 2014 there were 1,534,815 registered voters in the autonomous republic of Crimea and 309,774 in the city of Sevastopol, which totals to 1,844,589 voters in the two Ukrainian regions.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: According to organizers of the referendum, 1,274,096 people voted in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, giving the plebiscite an 83.1% turnout in that region.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: In the evening of 16 March 2014, Mikhail Malyshev, the Crimean election Spokesman, reported that as of 20:00, 1,250,427 people or 81.36% voted in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and 274,136 or 89.50% voted in Sevastopol for a total of 1,524,563 or 82.71% of the electorate. ITAR-TASS initially reported this as 1,724,563 voters in total, but corrected it later. The discrepancy led to some reports of a 123% turnout in Sevastopol.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Mustafa Dzhemilev, a recent Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, reports that according to his sources the actual turn-up was only 32.4%, however he did not provide any evidence to support this claim. Mejlis Deputy Chairman Akhtem Chiygoz argued that voter turnout in the referendum among Crimeans did not exceeded 30–40 percent, but he did not provide any evidence either.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Andrey Illarionov, a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and a former Russian government adviser, cited results of previous polls over past three years showing the Crimean support for joining Russia between 23 and 41 percent to conclude that the actual support for the reunification of Crimea with Russia was about 34 percent and that at least two thirds of Crimea did not vote for it. He called the referendum a "grossly rigged falsification" and the outcome "cynically distorted".

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The results of the survey by the US government Broadcasting Board of Governors, conducted April 21–29, 2014, showed that 83% of Crimeans felt that the results of the March 16 referendum on Crimea's status likely reflected the views of most people there. Whereas, this view is shared only by 30% in the rest of Ukraine.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: According to the Gallup's survey performed on April 21–27, 82.8% of Crimean people consider the referendum results reflecting most Crimeans' views, and 73.9% of Crimeans say Crimea's becoming part of Russia will make life better for themselves and their families, while 5.5% disagree.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: According to survey carried out by Pew Research Center in April 2014, the majority of Crimean residents say the referendum was free and fair (91%) and that the government in Kyiv ought to recognize the results of the vote (88%).

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: According to a poll of the Crimeans by the Ukrainian branch of Germany's biggest market research organization, GfK, on January 16–22, 2015: "Eighty-two percent of those polled said they fully supported Crimea's inclusion in Russia, and another 11 percent expressed partial support. Only 4 percent spoke out against it. ... Fifty-one percent reported their well-being had improved in the past year."

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Bloomberg's Leonid Bershidsky noted that "The calls were made on Jan. 16–22 to people living in towns with a population of 20,000 or more, which probably led to the peninsula's native population, the Tatars, being underrepresented because many of them live in small villages. On the other hand, no calls were placed in Sevastopol, the most pro-Russian city in Crimea. Even with these limitations, it was the most representative independent poll taken on the peninsula since its annexation."

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Most countries, particularly Western ones, declared the referendum invalid and a breach of Ukrainian sovereignty.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Gábor Vona, leader of Hungary's Jobbik hailed the recent referendum in Crimea as "exemplary". Members of Austria's populist right-wing Freedom Party of Austria, the Flemish nationalist group Vlaams Belang and France's National Front pronounced the referendum free and fair.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: The next day after the referendum, the parliament of Crimea asked the Russian Federation "to admit the Republic of Crimea as a new subject with the status of a republic".

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: Later on the same day, March 17, Putin issued a decree formally recognizing Crimea as an independent state. On March 18, the Russian, Crimean, and Sevastopolian leadership signed the Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia, which was ratified by the Russian Federal Assembly on March 21. A transition period was in force for integrating Crimean governmental institutions, ending on January 1, 2015.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


2014 Crimean status referendum

Context: After the seizure of Ukrainian naval base at Feodosia on March 24, Russian troops have seized most of Ukraine's military bases in Crimea. On the same day, the acting President of Ukraine, Oleksandr Turchynov, ordered the withdrawal of Ukrainian armed forces from Crimean peninsula.

Question: Кто был инициатором Рефере́ндума о ста́тусе Кры́ма в 2014 году?


Suvorov Military School

Context: The Suvorov Military Schools () are a type of boarding school in the former Soviet Union and in modern Russia and Belarus for boys of 8–18. Education in these schools focuses on military related subjects. The schools are named after Alexander Suvorov, a well-known 18th century general.

Question: С какого возраста принимают в Нахимовское училище Санкт-Петербурга?


Suvorov Military School

Context: Their naval counterparts among Russian military schools are the Nakhimov Naval Schools. They are named after Pavel Nakhimov, the 19th century admiral.

Question: С какого возраста принимают в Нахимовское училище Санкт-Петербурга?


Suvorov Military School

Context: Republican Special Boarding Schools () are military schools that were created in the early 1980s on the basis of the Suvorov Military Schools. They were subordinate to the Ministry of Education of the USSR.

Question: С какого возраста принимают в Нахимовское училище Санкт-Петербурга?


Suvorov Military School

Context: After the collapse of the USSR, the military lyceums/high schools in the newly formed countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States were nationalized and came under the auspices of the local defense ministries.

Question: С какого возраста принимают в Нахимовское училище Санкт-Петербурга?


Suvorov Military School

Context: The Suvorov schools in Russia are now subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces, with schools operating in cities such as Tambov, Ekaterinburg, and Kazan.

Question: С какого возраста принимают в Нахимовское училище Санкт-Петербурга?


Suvorov Military School

Context: The Moscow Military Music College, which is a spin-off of the Suvorov Military School whose mission is to train future Rususan military musicians, is known for its Corps of Drums.

Question: С какого возраста принимают в Нахимовское училище Санкт-Петербурга?


Suvorov Military School

Context: The Military Lyceum of the Ministry of Defense of Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz State National Military Lyceum are often referred to as the "Suvorov School". In 2020, during the first Turkmen Victory Parade at the Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex, the students of Berdimuhamed Annayev 1st Specialized Military School wore the traditional full dress uniforms of the Suvorov Military Schools.

Question: С какого возраста принимают в Нахимовское училище Санкт-Петербурга?


Suvorov Military School

Context: Outside of the Russian Federation, there are two Suvorov Schools operating as of 2020: one each in Minsk (Belarus), and Tiraspol (Transnistria). The Minsk Suvorov Military School was established in the former building of the United Belarusian Military School on 21 May 1952. The Tiraspol Suvorov Military School is located in the partially recognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, being established on 1 September 2017.

Question: С какого возраста принимают в Нахимовское училище Санкт-Петербурга?


Tineola bisselliella

Context: Tineola bisselliella, known as the common clothes moth, webbing clothes moth, or simply clothing moth, is a species of fungus moth (family Tineidae, subfamily Tineinae). It is the type species of its genus "Tineola" and was first described by the Swedish entomologist Arvid David Hummel in 1823. The specific name is commonly misspelled "biselliella" – for example by G. A. W. Herrich-Schäffer, when he established "Tineola" in 1853.

Question: Кто поедает одежду в шкафу моль или ее гусеница?


Tineola bisselliella

Context: "Tineola bisselliella" is a small moth of body length and wingspan (most commonly ). The head is light ferruginous ochreous, sometimes brownish-tinged. Forewings pale yellowish-ochreous ; base of costa fuscous. Hindwings ochreous grey-whitish. , (it is distinguished from similar species by its yellow-brown or ochreous colouring and red-orange tuft of hair on the head).

Question: Кто поедает одежду в шкафу моль или ее гусеница?


Tineola bisselliella

Context: This moth's natural range is the western Palearctic, but it has been transported by human travelers to other localities. For example, it is nowadays found in Australia. The species' presence has not been recorded in France, Greece, Slovenia and Switzerland, though this probably reflects the lack of occurrence data rather than absence.

Question: Кто поедает одежду в шкафу моль или ее гусеница?


Tineola bisselliella

Context: Airtight containers should be used to prevent re-infestation once eggs, larvae, and moths are killed by any of these methods. Control measures for "T. bisselliella" (and similar species) include the following:

Question: Кто поедает одежду в шкафу моль или ее гусеница?


Tineola bisselliella

Context: The common clothes moth is such a widespread and frequently seen species that it has been described time and again under a variety of junior synonyms and other now-invalid scientific names:

Question: Кто поедает одежду в шкафу моль или ее гусеница?


Artificial heart valve

Context: An artificial heart valve is a one-way valve implanted into a person's heart to replace a heart valve that is not functioning properly (valvular heart disease). Artificial heart valves can be separated into three broad classes: mechanical heart valves, bioprosthetic tissue valves and engineered tissue valves.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: A heart contains four valves (tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral and aortic valves) which open and close as blood passes through the heart. Blood enters the heart in the right atrium and passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. From there, blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve to enter the lungs. After being oxygenated, blood passes to the left atrium, where is it pumped through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps blood to the aorta through the aortic valve.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: There are many potential causes of heart valve damage, such as birth defects, age related changes, and effects from other disorders, such as rheumatic fever and infections causing endocarditis. High blood pressure and heart failure which can enlarge the heart and arteries, and scar tissue can form after a heart attack or injury.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: The three main types of artificial heart valves are mechanical, biological (bioprosthetic/tissue), and tissue-engineered valves. In the US, UK and the European Union, the most common type of artificial heart valve is the bioprosthetic valve. Mechanical valves are more commonly used in Asia and Latin America. Companies that manufacture heart valves include Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Abbott (St. Jude Medical), CryoLife, and LifeNet Health.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Mechanical valves come in three main types – caged ball, tilting-disc and bileaflet – with various modifications on these designs. Caged ball valves are no longer implanted. Bileaflet valves are the most common type of mechanical valve implanted in patients today.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: The first artificial heart valve was the caged ball valve, a type of ball check valve, in which a ball is housed inside a cage. When the heart contracts and the blood pressure in the chamber of the heart exceeds the pressure on the outside of the chamber, the ball is pushed against the cage and allows blood to flow. When the heart finishes contracting, the pressure inside the chamber drops and the ball moves back against the base of the valve forming a seal.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Caged ball valves are strongly associated with blood clot formation, so people who have one required a high degree of anticoagulation, usually with a target INR of 3.0–4.5.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Introduced in 1979, bileaflet valves are made of two semicircular leaflets that revolve around struts attached to the valve housing. With a larger opening than caged ball or tilting-disc valves, they carry a lower risk of blood clots. They are, however, vulnerable to blood backflow.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: The major advantage of mechanical valves over bioprosthetic valves is their greater durability. Made from metal and/or pyrolytic carbon, they can last 20–30 years.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Many of the complications associated with mechanical heart valves can be explained through fluid mechanics. For example, blood clot formation is a side effect of high shear stresses created by the design of the valves. From an engineering perspective, an ideal heart valve would produce minimal pressure drops, have small regurgitation volumes, minimize turbulence, reduce prevalence of high stresses, and not create flow separations in the vicinity of the valve.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Implanted mechanical valves can cause foreign body rejection. The blood may coagulate and eventually result in a hemostasis. The usage of anticoagulation drugs will be interminable to prevent thrombosis.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Bioprosthetic valves are usually made from animal tissue (heterograft/xenograft) attached to a metal or polymer support. Bovine (cow) tissue is most commonly used, but some are made from porcine (pig) tissue. The tissue is treated to prevent rejection and calcification.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Bioprosthetic valves are less likely than mechanical valves to cause blood clots, so do not require lifelong anticoagulation. As a result, people with bioprosthetic valves have a lower risk of bleeding that those with mechanical valves.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Tissue valves are less durable than mechanical valves, typically lasting 10–20 years. This means that people with bioprosthetic valves have a higher incidence of requiring another aortic valve replacement in their lifetime. Bioprosthetic valves tend to deteriorate more quickly in younger patients.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: In recent years, scientists have developed a new tissue preservation technology, with the aim of improving the durability of bioprosthetic valves. In sheep and rabbit studies, tissue preserved using this new technology had less calcification than control tissue. A valve containing this tissue is now marketed, but long-term durability data in patients are not yet available.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Current bioprosthetic valves lack longevity, and will calcify over time. When a valve calcifies, the valve cusps become stiff and thick and cannot close completely. Moreover, bioprosthetic valves can't grow with or adapt to the patient: if a child has bioprosthetic valves they will need to get the valves replaced several times to fit their physical growth.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Tissue engineered heart valves can be person-specific and 3D modeled to fit an individual recipient 3D printing is used because of its high accuracy and precision of dealing with different biomaterials. Cells that are used for tissue engineered heart valves are expected to secrete the extracellular matrix (ECM). Extracellular matrix provides support to maintain the shape of the valves and determines the cell activities.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Mechanical and tissue valves are made of different materials. Mechanical valves are generally made of titanium and carbon. Tissue valves are made up of human or animal tissue. The valves composed of human tissue, known as allografts or homografts, are from donors' human hearts.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Mechanical valves can be a better choice for younger people and people at risk of valve deterioration due to its durability. It is also preferable for people who are already taking blood thinners and people who would be unlikely to tolerate another valve replacement operation.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: An artificial heart valve should ideally function like a natural heart valve. The functioning of natural heart valves is characterized by many advantages:

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: The most common problems with artificial heart valves are various forms of degeneration, including gross billowing of leaflets, ischemic mitral valve pathology, and minor chordal lengthening. The repairing process of the artificial heart valve regurgitation and stenosis usually requires an open-heart surgery, and a repair or partial replacement of regurgitant valves is usually preferred.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Artificial heart valve

Context: Researchers are investigating catheter-based surgery that allows repair of an artificial heart valve without large incisions.

Question: Кто изобрел механический искусственный клапан сердца?


Angelina Jolie

Context: Angelina Jolie Voight was born on June 4, 1975, in Los Angeles, California, to actors Jon Voight and Marcheline Bertrand. She is the sister of actor James Haven as well as the niece of singer-songwriter Chip Taylor and geologist and volcanologist Barry Voight. Her godparents are actors Jacqueline Bisset and Maximilian Schell. On her father's side, Jolie is of German and Slovak descent, while her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. Jolie has claimed to have partial Indigenous (Iroquois) ancestry.

Question: Сколько детей усыновила Анджели́на Джоли́?


Angelina Jolie

Context: Jolie is executive producer of the BBC program "My World" which aims to teach teenagers how to think critically about what they read and how to tell high-quality journalism from bad.

Question: Сколько детей усыновила Анджели́на Джоли́?


Angelina Jolie

Context: In September 2020, Jolie made a donation to two young boys, who were running a lemonade stand in London to raise money for the people of Yemen, as the country was on the brink of humanitarian crisis caused by the Saudi-led coalition and Houthi rebels. In May 2022, Jolie visited Lviv, Ukraine amid the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine to meet with displaced and hospitalized children.

Question: Сколько детей усыновила Анджели́на Джоли́?


Angelina Jolie

Context: In November 2013, Jolie received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, an honorary Academy Award, from the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In June 2014, she was appointed an Honorary Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (DCMG) for her services to the UK's foreign policy and campaigning to end sexual violence in war zones. Queen Elizabeth II presented Jolie with the insignia of her honorary damehood during a private ceremony the following October.

Question: Сколько детей усыновила Анджели́на Джоли́?


Russian Empire

Context: Though the Empire was not officially proclaimed by Tsar then Emperor Peter I until after the Treaty of Nystad (1721), some historians argue that it originated when Ivan III of Russia conquered Veliky Novgorod in 1478. According to another point of view, the term "Tsardom", which was used after the coronation of Ivan IV in 1547, was already a contemporary Russian word for empire.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: As part of Peter's reorganisation, he also enacted a church reform. The Russian Orthodox Church was partially incorporated into the country's administrative structure, in effect making it a tool of the state. Peter abolished the patriarchate and replaced it with a collective body, the Holy Synod, which was led by a government official.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Peter died in 1725, leaving an unsettled succession. After a short reign by his widow, Catherine I, the crown passed to empress Anna. She slowed the reforms and led a successful war against the Ottoman Empire. This resulted in a significant weakening of the Crimean Khanate, an Ottoman vassal and long-term Russian adversary.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Catherine the Great was a German princess who married Peter III, the German heir to the Russian crown. After the death of Empress Elizabeth, Catherine came to power after she effected a coup d'état against her unpopular husband. She contributed to the resurgence of the Russian nobility that began after the death of Peter the Great, abolishing State service and granting them control of most state functions in the provinces. She also removed the tax on beards instituted by Peter the Great.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: By the time of her death in 1796, Catherine's expansionist policy had caused Russia to develop into a major European power. This trend continued with Alexander I's wresting of Finland from the weakened kingdom of Sweden in 1809, and of Bessarabia from the Principality of Moldavia, ceded by the Ottomans in 1812.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: In order to repress further revolts, censorship was intensified, including the constant surveillance of schools and universities. Textbooks were strictly regulated by the government. Police spies were planted everywhere. Would-be revolutionaries were sent off to Siberia – under Nicholas I hundreds of thousands were sent to katorga there. The retaliation for the revolt made "December Fourteenth" a day long remembered by later revolutionary movements.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: In 1854–55, Russia fought Britain, France and Turkey in the Crimean War, which Russia lost. The war was fought primarily in the Crimean peninsula, and to a lesser extent in the Baltic during the related Åland War. Since playing a major role in the defeat of Napoleon, Russia had been regarded as militarily invincible, but against a coalition of the great powers of Europe, the reverses it suffered on land and sea exposed the weakness of Emperor Nicholas I's regime.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: When Emperor Alexander II ascended the throne in 1855, the desire for reform was widespread. A growing humanitarian movement attacked serfdom as inefficient. In 1859, there were more than 23 million serfs in usually poor living conditions. Alexander II decided to abolish serfdom from above, with ample provision for the landowners, rather than wait for it to be abolished from below by revolution.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Alexander II obtained Outer Manchuria from the Qing China between 1858 and 1860 as the Amur Annexation, and sold the last territories of Russian America, Alaska, to the United States in 1867.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Russia had little difficulty expanding to the south, including conquering Turkestan, until Britain became alarmed when Russia threatened Afghanistan, with the implicit threat to India; and decades of diplomatic maneuvering resulted, called the Great Game. That rivalry between the two empires has been considered to have included far-flung territories such as Mongolia and Tibet. The maneuvering largely ended with the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: In 1894, Alexander III was succeeded by his son, Nicholas II, who was committed to retaining the autocracy that his father had left him. Nicholas II proved ineffective as a ruler, and in the end his dynasty was overthrown by revolution. The Industrial Revolution began to show significant influence in Russia, but the country remained rural and poor.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: On the left, the Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs) and the Marxist Social Democrats wanted to expropriate the land, without payment, but debated whether to distribute the land among the peasants (the Narodnik solution), or to put it into collective local ownership. The Socialist Revolutionaries also differed from the Social Democrats in that the SRs believed a revolution must rely on urban workers, not the peasantry.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: In October 1905, Nicholas reluctantly issued the October Manifesto, which conceded the creation of a national Duma (legislature) to be called without delay. The right to vote was extended and no law was to become final without confirmation by the Duma. The moderate groups were satisfied, but the socialists rejected the concessions as insufficient and tried to organise new strikes. By the end of 1905, there was disunity among the reformers, and the emperor's position was strengthened for the time being.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: On 2 March 1917, Nicholas II abdicated, and soon, in July 1918, the Romanov family was executed by the Bolsheviks.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: By the end of the 19th century the area of the empire was about , or almost of the Earth's landmass; its only rival in size at the time was the British Empire. The majority of the population lived in European Russia. More than 100 different ethnic groups lived in the Russian Empire, with ethnic Russians composing about 45% of the population.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: In addition to almost the entire territory of modern Russia, prior to 1917 the Russian Empire included most of Dnieper Ukraine, Belarus, Bessarabia, the Grand Duchy of Finland, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Central Asian states of Russian Turkestan, most of the Baltic governorates, a significant part of Poland, and the former Ottoman provinces of Ardahan, Artvin, Iğdır, Kars, and the northeastern part of Erzurum Provinces.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Between 1742 and 1867, the Russian-American Company administered Alaska as a colony. The company also established settlements in Hawaii, including Fort Elizabeth (1817), and as far south in North America as Fort Ross Colony (established in 1812) in Sonoma County, California just north of San Francisco. Both Fort Ross and the Russian River in California got their names from Russian settlers, who had staked claims in a region claimed until 1821 by the Spanish as part of New Spain.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Saint Petersburg gradually extended and consolidated its control over the Caucasus in the course of the 19th century, at the expense of Persia through the Russo-Persian Wars of 1804–13 and 1826–28 and the respectively ensuing treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay, as well as through the Caucasian War (1817–1864).

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: The Russian Empire expanded its influence and possessions in Central Asia, especially in the later 19th century, conquering much of Russian Turkestan in 1865 and continuing to add territory as late as 1885.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Newly discovered Arctic islands became part of the Russian Empire: the New Siberian Islands from the early 18th century; Severnaya Zemlya ("Emperor Nicholas II Land") first mapped and claimed as late as 1913.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: During World War I, Russia briefly occupied a small part of East Prussia, then a part of Germany; a significant portion of Austrian Galicia; and significant portions of Ottoman Armenia. While the modern Russian Federation currently controls the Kaliningrad Oblast, which comprised the northern part of East Prussia, this differs from the area captured by the Empire in 1914, though there was some overlap: Gusev ("Gumbinnen" in German) was the site of the initial Russian victory.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Between 1744 and 1867, the empire also controlled Russian America. With the exception of this territorymodern-day Alaskathe Russian Empire was a contiguous mass of land spanning Europe and Asia. In this it differed from contemporary colonial-style empires. The result of this was that, while the British and French empires declined in the 20th century, a large portion of the Russian Empire's territory remained together, first within the Soviet Union, and after 1991 in the still-smaller Russian Federation.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Furthermore, the empire at times controlled concession territories, notably the Kwantung Leased Territory and the Chinese Eastern Railway, both conceded by Qing China, as well as a concession in Tianjin. See for these periods of extraterritorial control the empire of Japan–Russian Empire relations.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: In 1815, Dr. Schäffer, a Russian entrepreneur, went to Kauai and negotiated a treaty of protection with the island's governor Kaumualii, vassal of King Kamehameha I of Hawaii, but the Russian emperor refused to ratify the treaty. See also Orthodox Church in Hawaii and Russian Fort Elizabeth.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: In 1889, a Russian adventurer, Nikolay Ivanovitch Achinov, tried to establish a Russian colony in Africa, Sagallo, situated on the Gulf of Tadjoura in present-day Djibouti. However this attempt angered the French, who dispatched two gunboats against the colony. After a brief resistance, the colony surrendered and the Russian settlers were deported to Odessa.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Under Russia's revised Fundamental Law of 20 February 1906, the Council of the Empire was associated with the Duma as a legislative Upper House; from this time the legislative power was exercised normally by the Emperor only in concert with the two chambers.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: In 1905, a Council of Ministers ("Sovyet Ministrov") was created, under a "minister president", the first appearance of a prime minister in Russia. This council consisted of all the ministers and of the heads of other principal departments. The ministries were as follows:

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: The Most Holy Synod (established in 1721) was the supreme organ of government of the Orthodox Church in Russia. It was presided over by a lay procurator, representing the Emperor, and consisted of the three metropolitans of Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Kiev, the archbishop of Georgia, and a number of bishops sitting in rotation.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Alongside the local organs of the central government in Russia there are three classes of local elected bodies charged with administrative functions:

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: The empire had a predominantly agricultural economy based on large estates worked by Russian peasants, known as "serfs", who were tied to the land under a feudal arrangement. The serfs were freed in 1861, but the landowning aristocratic class kept control. The economy slowly industrialized with the help of foreign investments in railways and factories.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: During the 1880s, the Russian army built two major railway lines in Central Asia. The Transcaucasus Railway connected the city of Batum on the Black Sea and the oil center of Baku on the Caspian Sea. The Trans-Caspian Railway began at Krasnovodsk on the Caspian Sea and reached Bukhara, Samarkand, and Tashkent. Both lines served the commercial and strategic needs of the empire, and facilitated migration.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: The ecclesiastical heads of the national Russian Orthodox Church consisted of three metropolitans (Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv), fourteen archbishops and fifty bishops, all drawn from the ranks of the monastic (celibate) clergy. The parochial clergy had to be married when appointed, but if left widowers were not allowed to marry again; this rule continues to apply today.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Religious status changed based on the policies of the Emperors, and religious toleration and lack thereof was based substantially on social class and geography during the expansion of the empire.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: According to returns published in 1905, based on the Russian Imperial Census of 1897, adherents of the different religious communities in the whole of the Russian empire numbered approximately as follows.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: The military of the Russian Empire consisted of the Imperial Russian Army and the Imperial Russian Navy. The poor performance during the Crimean War, 1853–56, caused great soul-searching and resulted in proposals for reform. However, the Russian forces fell further behind the technology, training, and organization of the German, French, and particularly the British militaries.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: The army performed poorly in World War I and became a center of unrest and revolutionary activity. The events of the February Revolution and the fierce political struggles inside army units led to irreversible disintegration.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: Subjects of the Russian Empire were segregated into "sosloviyes", or social estates (classes) such as nobility ("dvoryanstvo"), clergy, merchants, cossacks, and peasants. Native people of the Caucasus, non-ethnic Russian areas such as Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Siberia, and Central Asia were officially registered as a category called "inorodtsy" (non-Slavic, literally: "people of another origin").

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: A majority of the population, 81.6%, belonged to the peasant order. The other classes were the nobility, 0.6%; clergy, 0.1%; the burghers and merchants, 9.3%; and military, 6.1%. More than 88 million Russians were peasants, some of whom were former serfs (10,447,149 males in 1858) – the remainder being "state peasants" (9,194,891 males in 1858, exclusive of the Archangel governorate) and "domain peasants" (842,740 males the same year).

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: The serfdom that had developed in Russia in the 16th century, and had become enshrined in law in 1649, was abolished in 1861.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Russian Empire

Context: The former serfs became peasants, joining the millions of farmers who already had peasant status. Most peasants lived in tens of thousands of small villages under a highly patriarchal system. Hundreds of thousands moved to cities to work in factories, but they typically retained their village connections.

Question: Сколько лет правила императрица Елизаве́та Петро́вна в России?


Honda

Context: is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, reaching a production of 400 million by the end of 2019, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001. In 2015, Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues into research and development. Also in 2013, Honda became the first Japanese automaker to be a net exporter from the United States, exporting 108,705 Honda and Acura models, while importing only 88,357.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: The first complete motorcycle with both the frame and engine made by Honda was the 1949 D-Type, the first Honda to go by the name Dream. In 1961, Honda achieved its first Grand Prix victories and World Championships in the 125cc and 250cc categories. Honda Motor Company grew in a short time to become the world's largest manufacturer of motorcycles by 1964.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: The first production automobile from Honda was the T360 mini pick-up truck, which went on sale in August 1963. Powered by a small 356cc straight-4 gasoline engine, it was classified under the cheaper Kei car tax bracket. The second production car from Honda was the S500 sports car, which followed the T360 into production in October 1963. Its chain-driven rear wheels pointed to Honda's motorcycle origins.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Over the next few decades, Honda worked to expand its product line, operations and exports to numerous countries around the world. In 1986, Honda introduced the successful Acura brand to the American market in an attempt to gain ground in the luxury vehicle market. The year 1991 saw the introduction of the Honda NSX supercar, the first all-aluminum monocoque vehicle that incorporated a mid-engine V6 with variable-valve timing.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In 1990, CEO Tadashi Kume was succeeded by Nobuhiko Kawamoto. Kawamoto was selected over Shoichiro Irimajiri, who oversaw the successful establishment of Honda of America Manufacturing, Inc. in Marysville, Ohio. Irimajiri and Kawamoto shared a friendly rivalry within Honda; owing to health issues, Irimajiri would resign in 1992.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: The Honda Aircraft Company as established in 2006 as a wholly owned subsidiary to manufacture and sell the HondaJet family of aircraft. The first deliveries to customers began in December 2015.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: On February 23rd, 2015, Honda announced that CEO and President Takanobu Ito would step down and be replaced by Takahiro Hachigo in June of that year; additional retirements by senior managers and directors were expected.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In October 2019, Honda was reported to be in talks with Hitachi to merge the two companies' car parts businesses, creating a components supplier with almost $17 billion in annual sales.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In January 2020, Honda announced that it would be withdrawing employees working in the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On March 23, 2020 due to the global spread of the virus, Honda became the first major automaker with operations in the US to suspend production in its factories. It resumed automobile, engine and transmission production at its US plants on May 11, 2020.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda and General Motors announced in September 2020 a North American alliance to begin in 2021. According to The Detroit Free Press, "The proposed alliance will include sharing a range of vehicles, to be sold under each company’s distinct brands, as well as cooperation in purchasing, research and development, and connected services."

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In March 2022, Honda announced it would develop and build electric vehicles in a joint venture with Sony. The latter is set to provide its imaging, sensing, network and other technologies while Honda would be responsible for the car manufacturing processes. The venture is set to fully launch later in 2022 with the release of first cars scheduled for 2025.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Their shares trade on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, as well as exchanges in Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Kyoto, Fukuoka, London, Paris, and Switzerland.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: The company has assembly plants around the globe. These plants are located in China, the United States, Pakistan, Canada, England, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, México, New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey, Taiwan, Perú and Argentina. As of July 2010, 89% of Honda and Acura vehicles sold in the United States were built in North American plants, up from 82.2% a year earlier. This shields profits from the yen's advance to a 15-year high against the dollar.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Following the Japanese earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, Honda announced plans to halve production at its UK plants. The decision was made to put staff at the Swindon plant on a 2-day week until the end of May as the manufacturer struggled to source supplies from Japan. It's thought around 22,500 cars were produced during this period.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: For the fiscal year 2018, Honda reported earnings of US$9.534 billion, with an annual revenue of US$138.250 billion, an increase of 6.2% over the previous fiscal cycle. Honda's shares traded at over $32 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$50.4 billion in October 2018.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: The Honda Life represented Honda's efforts in competing in the "kei" car segment, offering sedan, delivery van and small pick-up platforms on a shared chassis. The Life StepVan had a novel approach that, while not initially a commercial success, appeared to be an influence to vehicles with the front passengers sitting behind the engine, a large cargo area with a flat roof and a liftgate installed in back, and utilizing a transversely installed engine with a front-wheel-drive powertrain.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda also produces a Civic hybrid, a hybrid electric vehicle that competes with the Toyota Prius, and also produces the Insight and CR-Z.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In 2008, Honda increased global production to meet the demand for small cars and hybrids in the U.S. and emerging markets. The company shuffled U.S. production to keep factories busy and boost car output while building fewer minivans and sport utility vehicles as light truck sales fell.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Its first entrance into the pickup segment, the light-duty Ridgeline, won Truck of the Year from "Motor Trend" magazine in 2006. Also in 2006, the redesigned Civic won Car of the Year from the magazine, giving Honda a rare double win of Motor Trend honors.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: It is reported that Honda plans to increase hybrid sales in Japan to more than 20% of its total sales in the fiscal year 2011, from 14.8% in the previous year.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Five of United States Environmental Protection Agency's top ten most fuel-efficient cars from 1984 to 2010 come from Honda, more than any other automakers. The five models are: 2000–2006 Honda Insight ( combined), 1986–1987 Honda Civic Coupe HF ( combined), 1994–1995 Honda Civic hatchback VX ( combined), 2006– Honda Civic Hybrid ( combined), and 2010– Honda Insight ( combined). The ACEEE has also rated the Civic GX as the greenest car in America for seven consecutive years.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda currently builds vehicles in factories located in Japan, the United States of America, Canada, China, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Brazil, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Turkey, Argentina, Mexico, Taiwan, and the Philippines.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda is the largest motorcycle manufacturer in Japan and has been since it started production in 1955.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: At its peak in 1982, Honda manufactured almost three million motorcycles annually. By 2006, this figure had been reduced to around 550,000 but was still higher than its three domestic competitors.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In 2017, India became the largest motorcycle market for Honda. In India, Honda is leading in the scooters segment, with 59% market share.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Taking Honda's story as an archetype of the smaller manufacturer entering a new market already occupied by highly dominant competitors, the story of their market entry, and their subsequent huge success in the U.S. and around the world has been the subject of some academic controversy. Competing explanations have been advanced to explain Honda's strategy and the reasons for their success.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda builds utility ATVs under models Recon, Rubicon, Rancher, Foreman and Rincon. Honda also builds sports ATVs under the models TRX 90X, TRX 250X, TRX 400x, TRX 450R and TRX 700.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda power equipment reached record sales in 2007 with 6.4 million units sold annually. By 2010 this figure had decreased to 4,7 million units. Cumulative production of power products has exceeded 85 million units annually (as of September 2008).

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda engines powered the entire 33-car starting field of the 2010 Indianapolis 500 and for the fifth consecutive race, there were no engine-related retirements during the running of the Memorial Day Classic.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In the 1980s Honda developed the GY6 engine for use in motor scooters. Although no longer manufactured by Honda, it's still commonly used in many Chinese, Korean and Taiwanese light vehicles.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda's robot ASIMO (see below) as an R&D project brings together expertise to create a robot that walks, dances and navigates steps.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: 2010 marks the year Honda developed a machine capable of reading a user's brainwaves to move ASIMO. The system uses a helmet covered with electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy sensors that monitor electrical brainwaves and cerebral blood flow signals that alter slightly during the human thought process. The user thinks of one of the limited number of gestures it wants from the robot, which has been fitted with a Brain-Machine Interface.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda has also pioneered new technology in its HA-420 HondaJet, manufactured by its subsidiary Honda Aircraft Company, which allows new levels of reduced drag, increased aerodynamics and fuel efficiency thus reducing operating costs.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda has also built a downhill racing bicycle known as the Honda RN-01. It is not available for sale to the public. The bike has a gearbox, which replaces the standard derailleur found on most bikes.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda has hired several people to pilot the bike, among them Greg Minnaar. The team is known as Team G Cross Honda.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda's solar cell subsidiary company Honda Soltec (Headquarters: Kikuchi-gun, Kumamoto; President and CEO: Akio Kazusa) started sales throughout Japan of thin-film solar cells for public and industrial use on October 24th, 2008, after selling solar cells for residential use in October 2007. Honda announced in the end of October 2013 that Honda Soltec would cease business operations in the Spring of 2014 except for support for existing customers and the subsidiary would be dissolved.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: The outright lap record on the Snaefell Mountain Course was held by Honda, set at the 2015 TT by John McGuinness at an average speed of on a Honda CBR1000RR, bettered the next year by Michael Dunlop on a BMW S1000RR at .

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In the Motocross World Championship, Honda has claimed six world championships. In the World Enduro Championship, Honda has captured eight titles, most recently with Stefan Merriman in 2003 and with Mika Ahola from 2007 to 2010. In motorcycle trials, Honda has claimed three world championships with Belgian rider Eddy Lejeune.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: First leased to the City of Los Angeles, in 2005, Honda started offering the GX directly to the public through factory trained dealers certified to service the GX. Before that, only fleets were eligible to purchase a new Civic GX. In 2006, the Civic GX was released in New York, making it the second state where the consumer is able to buy the car.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In June 2015, Honda announced its decision to phase out the commercialization of natural-gas powered vehicles to focus on the development of a new generation of electrified vehicles such as hybrids, plug-in electric cars and hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles. Since 2008, Honda has sold about 16,000 natural-gas vehicles, mainly to taxi and commercial fleets.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: During the last two months of 2006, both flex-fuel models sold 2,427 cars against 8,546 gasoline-powered automobiles, jumping to 41,990 flex-fuel cars in 2007, and reaching 93,361 in 2008. Due to the success of the flex versions, by early 2009 a hundred percent of Honda's automobile production for the Brazilian market is now flexible-fuel, and only a small percentage of gasoline version is produced in Brazil for exports.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In March 2009, Honda launched in the Brazilian market the first flex-fuel motorcycle in the world. Produced by its Brazilian subsidiary Moto Honda da Amazônia, the CG 150 Titan Mix is sold for around US$2,700.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda introduced the second-generation Insight in Japan in February 2009, and released it in other markets through 2009 and in the U.S. market in April 2009. At $19,800 as a five-door hatchback it will be the least expensive hybrid available in the U.S.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Since 2002, Honda has also been selling the Honda Civic Hybrid (2003 model) in the U.S. market. It was followed by the Honda Accord Hybrid, offered in model years 2005 through 2007. Sales of the Honda CR-Z began in Japan in February 2010, becoming Honda's third hybrid electric car in the market. , Honda was producing around 200,000 hybrids a year in Japan.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Sales of the Fit Hybrid began in Japan in October 2010, at the time, the lowest price for a gasoline-hybrid electric vehicle sold in the country. The European version, called Honda Jazz Hybrid, was released in early 2011. During 2011 Honda launched three hybrid models available only in Japan, the Fit Shuttle Hybrid, Freed Hybrid and Freed Spike Hybrid.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda's cumulative global hybrid sales passed the 1 million unit milestone at the end of September 2012, 12 years and 11 months after sales of the first generation Insight began in Japan November 1999. A total of 187,851 hybrids were sold worldwide in 2013, and 158,696 hybrids during the first six months of 2014. , Honda has sold more than 1.35 million hybrids worldwide.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In Takanezawa, Japan, on 16 June 2008, Honda Motors produced the first assembly-line FCX Clarity, a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. More efficient than a gas-electric hybrid vehicle, the FCX Clarity combines hydrogen and oxygen from ordinary air to generate electricity for an electric motor. In July 2014 Honda announced the end of production of the Honda FCX Clarity for the 2015 model.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda views hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as the long-term replacement of piston cars, not battery cars.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: The all-electric Honda EV Plus was introduced in 1997 as a result of CARB's zero-emissions vehicle mandate and was available only for leasing in California. The EV plus was the first battery electric vehicle from a major automaker with non-lead–acid batteries The EV Plus had an all-electric range of . Around 276 units were sold in the U.S. and production ended in 1999.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: The Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid was introduced in 2013 and has an all-electric range of Sales began in the U.S. in January 2013 and the plug-in hybrid is available only in California and New York. A total of 835 units have been sold in the U.S. through September 2014. The Accord PHEV was introduced in Japan in June 2013 and is available only for leasing, primarily to corporations and government agencies.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Starting in 1978, Honda in Japan decided to diversify its sales distribution channels and created Honda Verno, which sold established products with a higher content of standard equipment and more sporting nature. The establishment of "Honda Verno" coincided with its new sports compact, the Honda Prelude. Later, the Honda Vigor, Honda Ballade, and Honda Quint were added to "Honda Verno" stores. This approach was implemented due to efforts in place by rival Japanese automakers Toyota and Nissan.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In the spring of 2012, Honda in Japan introduced "Honda Cars Small Store" (Japanese) which is devoted to compact cars like the Honda Fit, and "kei" vehicles like the Honda N-One and Honda S660 roadster.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Prelude, Integra, CR-X, Vigor, Saber, Ballade, Quint, Crossroad, Element, NSX, HR-V, Mobilio Spike, S2000, CR-V, That's, MDX, Rafaga, Capa, and the Torneo

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Accord, Legend, Inspire, Avancier, S-MX, Lagreat, Stepwgn, Elysion, Stream, Odyssey (int'l), Domani, Concerto, Accord Tourer, Logo, Fit, Insight, That's, Mobilio, and the City

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Civic, Life, Acty, Vamos, Hobio, Ascot, Ascot Innova, Torneo, Civic Ferio, Freed, Mobilio, Orthia, Capa, Today, Z, and the Beat

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda has done humor marketing such as its 1985 four-page "How to fit six Hondas in a two-car garage" print ad or "descending so low in a parking garage, they pass stalagmites and a Gollum-like figure."

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In 2006, Honda released its "Choir" advertisement, for the UK and the internet. This had a 60-person choir who sang the car noises as the film of the Honda Civic is shown.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: In the North American market, Honda starts all of its commercials with a two-tone jingle since the mid-2010s.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Honda

Context: Honda has been a presenting sponsor of the Los Angeles Marathon since 2010 in a three-year sponsorship deal, with winners of the LA Marathon receiving a free Honda Accord. Since 1989, the Honda Campus All-Star Challenge has been a quizbowl tournament for Historically black colleges and universities.

Question: Кто является владельцем фирмы Honda на 2019 год?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean Sea coasts. Turkey has also become a popular destination for culture, spa, and health care.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: At its height in 2019, Turkey attracted around 51 million foreign tourists, ranking as the sixth-most-popular tourist destination in the world. The total number fluctuated between around 41 million in 2015, and around 30 million in 2016. However, recovery began in 2017, with the number of foreign visitors increasing to 37.9 million, and in 2018 to 46.1 million visitors

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: In January 2013, the Turkish government announced that it would build the world's largest airport in Istanbul. The operation has an invested 7-billion euros and was planned to have the first part of a four-part plan completed by 2017.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: As a consequence of the continuous fall in tourism to Turkey in recent years, as of October 2016 in Istanbul's famous bazaar once crowded shopping streets are not as crowded as before, "the streams of tourists who used to visit the market each day have trickled to a halt." The number of foreign tourists visiting Istanbul declined to 9.2 million in 2016, a 26 percent decrease compared to 2015.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: Attractions elsewhere in the country include the sites of Ephesus, Troy, Pergamon, House of the Virgin Mary, Pamukkale, Hierapolis, Trabzon (where one of the oldest monasteries is the Sümela Monastery), Konya (where the poet Rumi had spent most of his life), Didyma, Church of Antioch, ancient Pontic capital and king rock tombs with its acropolis in Amasya, religious places in Mardin (such as Deyrülzafarân Monastery), and the ruined cities and landscapes of Cappadocia.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: Diyarbakır is also an important historic city, although tourism is on a relatively small level due to waning armed conflicts.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: Ankara has an historic old town, and although it is not exactly a tourist city, is usually a stop for travelers en route to Cappadocia. The city enjoys an excellent cultural life, too, and has several museums. The Anıtkabir is also in Ankara. It is the mausoleum of Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: Gallipoli and Anzac Cove – a small cove on the Gallipoli peninsula, which became known as the site of World War I landing of the ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) on 25 April 1915. Following the landing at Anzac Cove, the beach became the main base for the Australian and New Zealand troops for the eight months of the Gallipoli campaign.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: In early 2017, the Turkish government urged Turkish citizens living abroad to take their vacations in Turkey, attempting to revive the struggling tourism sector of an economy that went into contraction from late 2016. After the April 2017 constitutional referendum, another sharp drop in tourist bookings from Germany was recorded. In 2018, however, the German Tourism Industry Association recorded a growth in German tourist bookings for Turkey, with a 70% increase being recorded by the TUI Group alone.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: After months of detention of journalists and political activists including foreigners in Turkey, the government of Germany in July 2017 issued a travel warning to its citizens. It was also reported that Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan had offered to release detained German citizens of Turkish descent in exchange for delivery of Turks who had been granted political asylum in Germany.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: Other issues involve harassment of tourists, most commonly occurring off hotel premises, as well as in vehicles, that involves verbal and physical harassment, including cases of sexual harassment of female tourists by locals.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: Cases of rape of foreign female tourists have also been reported, although the exact number is unknown as only the instances on an individual basis have been reported.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Tourism in Turkey

Context: Sex tourism has been part of Turkey's tourism industry and has been growing over the decades both for foreigners and locals. Many foreigners come to Turkey to work for local Turks in the prostitution business, while many Turks travel abroad as consumers of sex tourism, mostly to Eastern Europe for the purpose.

Question: Сколько русских туристов посетило Стамбул в 2018?


Rosatom

Context: Rosatom, () also known as Rosatom State Nuclear Energy Corporation, the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom or Rosatom State Corporation, is a Russian state corporation headquartered in Moscow that specializes in nuclear energy, nuclear non-energy goods and high-tech products. Established in 2007, the organization comprises more than 350 enterprises, including scientific research organizations, the nuclear weapons complex, and the world's only nuclear icebreaker fleet.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: In 2020, Rosatom approved its updated strategy emphasizing the role of new products, both nuclear non-energy and non-nuclear, in approximately 100 new business areas, including nuclear medicine, composites, wind energy, hydrogen, waste management, additive technology, production of hydrogen.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?