President of Venezuela

Context: Since 1900, the official workplace of the president is the Palace of Miraflores in Caracas. The presidential residence has been the palace of La Casona since 1964, instituted by president Raúl Leoni. La Casona is not used by incumbent president Maduro, who has decided not to inhabit it.

Question: Kuka on Venezuelan presidentti?


President of Venezuela

Context: In 1830, José Antonio Páez declared Venezuela independent from Gran Colombia and became president, taking office on January 13, 1830. Although he was not the first president of Venezuela (having in mind Cristóbal Mendoza in 1811), he was the first head of state of independent Venezuela, after the dissolution of Gran Colombia. From that point on, five constitutions were adopted, all slightly changing the extent of the president's powers and responsibilities.

Question: Kuka on Venezuelan presidentti?


President of Venezuela

Context: According to articles 227 and 229 of the Constitution of Venezuela, adopted in 1999, the following requirements must be met in order to become President of Venezuela:

Question: Kuka on Venezuelan presidentti?


President of Venezuela

Context: The current presidential term is for six years with the constitutionally guaranteed recourse of holding a popular recall referendum any time within the last three years of a presidential term. A 2009 referendum removed the previous restrictions which limited the president to 2 terms.

Question: Kuka on Venezuelan presidentti?


President of Venezuela

Context: From 1958 to 1999, the presidential term was set at five years. A sitting president was not only barred from immediate reelection, but could not run again for 10 years (equivalent to two full terms) after leaving office.

Question: Kuka on Venezuelan presidentti?


President of Venezuela

Context: Presidents of Venezuela who served under the 1864 constitution (starting with Juan Crisóstomo Falcón) bore the title of "President of the Union", instead of the usual "President of the Republic" still used today. Aside from that, all heads of state of the country since 1811 have held the title of "President of Venezuela", with minor variations regarding the official name of the country (which has changed four times since the restoration of the independence in 1830).

Question: Kuka on Venezuelan presidentti?


Barley

Context: The Old English word for barley was ', which traces back to Proto-Indo-European and is cognate to the Latin word ' "flour" ("see corresponding entries").

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: The direct ancestor of modern English "barley" in Old English was the derived adjective "bærlic", meaning "of barley". The first citation of the form "bærlic" in the "Oxford English Dictionary" dates to around 966 CE, in the compound word "bærlic-croft".

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: The underived word "bære" survives in the north of Scotland as "bere", and refers to a specific strain of six-row barley grown there.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: The Latin word "" ("see"), used as barley's scientific genus name, is derived from an Indo-European root meaning "bristly" after the long prickly awns of the ear of grain.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Domestication in barley is followed by the change of key phenotypic traits at the genetic level. Little is known about the genetic variation among domesticated and wild genes in the chromosomal regions.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Two-row barley, sometimes considered a separate species, "Hordeum distichon", has a lower protein content than six-row barley, thus a more fermentable sugar content. High-protein barley is best suited for animal feed. Malting barley is usually lower protein

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: ("low grain nitrogen", usually produced without a late fertilizer application) which shows more uniform germination, needs shorter steeping, and has less protein in the extract that can make beer cloudy. Two-row barley is traditionally used in English ale-style beers, with two-row malted summer barley being preferred for traditional German beers.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Amylase-rich six-row barley is common in some American lager-style beers, especially when adjuncts such as corn and rice are used.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: In traditional classifications of barley, these morphological differences have led to different forms of barley being classified as different species. Under these classifications, two-row barley with shattering spikes (wild barley) is classified as "Hordeum spontaneum" K. Koch. Two-row barley with nonshattering spikes is classified as "H. distichon" L., six-row barley with nonshattering spikes as "H. vulgare" L. (or "H. hexastichum" L.), and six-row with shattering spikes as "H. agriocrithon" Åberg.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Because these differences were driven by single-gene mutations, coupled with cytological and molecular evidence, most recent classifications treat these forms as a single species, "H. vulgare" L.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: "H. vulgare" contains the phenolics caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, the ferulic acid 8,5'-diferulic acid, the flavonoids catechin-7-O-glucoside, saponarin, catechin, procyanidin B3, procyanidin C2, and prodelphinidin B3, and the alkaloid hordenine.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Barley (known as in both Vedic and Classical Sanskrit) is only crop which has been mentioned many times in Rigveda and other Indian scriptures as one of the principal grains in ancient India. Traces of Barley cultivation have also been found in post-Neolithic Bronze Age Harappan civilization 5700–3300 years before present.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Pliny also noted barley was a special food of gladiators known as "hordearii", "barley-eaters". However, by Roman times, he added that wheat had replaced barley as a staple.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Tibetan barley has been a staple food in Tibetan cuisine since the fifth century CE. This grain, along with a cool climate that permitted storage, produced a civilization that was able to raise great armies. It is made into a flour product called "tsampa" that is still a staple in Tibet. The flour is roasted and mixed with butter and butter tea to form a stiff dough that is eaten in small balls.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: In medieval Europe, bread made from barley and rye was peasant food, while wheat products were consumed by the upper classes. Potatoes largely replaced barley in Eastern Europe in the 19th century.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: The genome of barley was sequenced in 2012, due to the efforts of the International Barley Genome Sequencing Consortium and the UK Barley Sequencing Consortium.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: The genome is composed of seven pairs of nuclear chromosomes (recommended designations: 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H and 7H), and one mitochondrial and one chloroplast chromosome, with a total of 5000 Mbp.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: The wild barley ("H. vulgare" ssp." spontaneum") found currently in the Fertile Crescent might not be the progenitor of the barley cultivated in Eritrea and Ethiopia, indicating that separate domestication may have occurred in eastern Africa.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Being the final end product of food/feed barley and malting barley, both total yield by weight and malting quality are probably influenced by most genes, respectively.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: For durable disease resistance, quantitative resistance is more important than qualitative resistance. The most important foliar diseases have corresponding resistance gene regions on all chromosomes of barley.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Barley has been crossed with wheat with mixed results that have yet to prove commercially viable. The resulting hybrids have further been crossed with rye, but with even more limited results.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: In 2020, world production of barley was 157 million tonnes, led by Russia producing 13% of the world total. Spain, Germany, Canada, and France were major producers.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Barley is a widely adaptable crop. It is currently popular in temperate areas where it is grown as a summer crop and tropical areas where it is sown as a winter crop. Its germination time is one to three days. Barley grows under cool conditions, but is not particularly winter hardy.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Barley is more tolerant of soil salinity than wheat, which might explain the increase of barley cultivation in Mesopotamia from the second millennium BCE onwards. Barley is not as cold tolerant as the winter wheats ("Triticum aestivum"), fall rye ("Secale cereale") or winter triticale (× "Triticosecale" Wittm. ex A. Camus.), but may be sown as a winter crop in warmer areas of Australia and Great Britain.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: In a 100-gram reference serving, cooked barley provides of food energy and is a good source (10% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of essential nutrients, including, dietary fiber, the B vitamin, niacin (14% DV), and dietary minerals including iron (10% DV) and manganese (12% DV) (table).

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Hulled barley (or covered barley) is eaten after removing the inedible, fibrous, outer hull. Once removed, it is called dehulled barley (or pot barley or scotch barley). Considered a whole grain, dehulled barley still has its bran and germ, making it a commonly consumed food.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Pearl barley (or pearled barley) is dehulled barley which has been steam-processed further to remove the bran. It may be polished, a process known as "pearling". Dehulled or pearl barley may be processed into various barley products, including flour, flakes similar to oatmeal, and grits.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Barley meal, a wholemeal barley flour lighter than wheat meal but darker in colour, is used in gruel, in contrast to porridge which is made from oats.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: With a long history of cultivation in the Middle East, barley is used in a wide range of traditional Arabic, Assyrian, Israelite, Kurdish, and Persian foodstuffs including kashkak, kashk and murri. Barley soup is traditionally eaten during Ramadan in Saudi Arabia.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: "Cholent" or "hamin" (in Hebrew) is a traditional Jewish stew often eaten on Sabbath, in numerous recipes by both Mizrachi and Ashkenazi Jews.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: In Eastern and Central Europe, barley is also used in soups and stews such as ričet. In Africa, where it is a traditional food plant, it has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development, and support sustainable landcare.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: The six-row variety "bere" is cultivated in Orkney, Shetland, Caithness and the Western Isles in the Scottish Highlands and islands. When milled into "beremeal", it is used locally in bread, biscuits, and the traditional beremeal bannock.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: According to Health Canada and the US Food and Drug Administration, consuming at least 3 grams per day of barley beta-glucan or 0.75 grams per serving of soluble fiber can lower levels of blood cholesterol, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Eating whole-grain barley, as well as other high-fiber grains, improves regulation of blood sugar (i.e., reduces blood glucose response to a meal). Consuming breakfast cereals containing barley over weeks to months also improved cholesterol levels and glucose regulation.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Like wheat, rye, and their hybrids and derivatives, barley contains gluten, which makes it an unsuitable grain for consumption by people with gluten-related disorders, such as celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity and wheat allergy sufferers, among others. Nevertheless, some wheat allergy patients can tolerate barley or rye.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Barley wine is a style of strong beer from the English brewing tradition. Another alcoholic drink known by the same name, enjoyed in the 18th century, was prepared by boiling barley in water, then mixing the barley water with white wine and other ingredients, such as borage, lemon and sugar. In the 19th century, a different barley wine was made prepared from recipes of ancient Greek origin.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Nonalcoholic drinks such as barley water and roasted barley tea have been made by boiling barley in water. In Italy, barley is also sometimes used as coffee substitute, "caffè d'orzo" (coffee of barley).

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Half of the United States' barley production is used as livestock feed. Barley is an important feed grain in many areas of the world not typically suited for maize production, especially in northern climates—for example, northern and eastern Europe. Barley is the principal feed grain in Canada, Europe, and in the northern United States. A finishing diet of barley is one of the defining characteristics of western Canadian beef used in marketing campaigns.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: As of 2014, an enzymatic process can be used to make a high-protein fish feed from barley, which is suitable for carnivorous fish such as trout and salmon.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Barley straw, in England, is placed in mesh bags and floated in fish ponds or water gardens to help prevent algal growth without harming pond plants and animals. Barley straw has not been approved by the EPA for use as a pesticide and its effectiveness as an algae regulator in ponds has produced mixed results, with either more efficacy against phytoplankton algae versus mat-forming algae, or no significant change, during university testing in the US and the UK.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: Barley grains were used for measurement in England, there being three or four barleycorns to the inch and four or five poppy seeds to the barleycorn. The statute definition of an inch was three barleycorns, although by the 19th century, this had been superseded by standard inch measures. This unit still persists in the shoe sizes used in Britain and the USA.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: As modern studies show, the actual length of a kernel of barley varies from as short as to as long as depending on the cultivar. Older sources stated the average length of a grain of barley to be .

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: The barleycorn was known as "arpa" in Turkish, and the feudal system in Ottoman Empire employed the term "arpalik", or "barley-money", to refer to a second allowance made to officials to offset the costs of fodder for their horses.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: A new stabilized variegated variety of "H. vulgare", billed as "H. vulgare" variegate, has been introduced for cultivation as an ornamental and pot plant for pet cats to nibble.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Barley

Context: In English folklore, the figure of John Barleycorn in the folksong of the same name is a personification of barley, and of the alcoholic beverages made from it: beer and whisky. In the song, John Barleycorn is represented as suffering attacks, death, and indignities that correspond to the various stages of barley cultivation, such as reaping and malting.

Question: Milloin ohraa aloitettiin viljelemään?


Blood pressure

Context: Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance; Blood Volume and arterial stiffness and varies depending on situation, emotional state, activity, and relative health/disease states. In the short term, blood pressure is regulated by baroreceptors, which act via the brain to influence the nervous and the endocrine systems.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Blood pressure that is too low is called hypotension, pressure that is consistently too high is called hypertension, and normal pressure is called normotension. Both hypertension and hypotension have many causes and may be of sudden onset or of long duration. Long-term hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases, including stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. Long-term hypertension is more common than long-term hypotension.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: The risk of cardiovascular disease increases progressively above 115/75 mmHg, below this level there is limited evidence.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Observational studies demonstrate that people who maintain arterial pressures at the low end of these pressure ranges have much better long-term cardiovascular health. There is an ongoing medical debate over what is the optimal level of blood pressure to target when using drugs to lower blood pressure with hypertension, particularly in older people.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Various other factors, such as age and sex, also influence a person's blood pressure. Differences between left-arm and right-arm blood pressure measurements tend to be small. However, occasionally there is a consistent difference greater than 10 mmHg which may need further investigation, e.g. for peripheral arterial disease or obstructive arterial disease.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: There is no accepted diagnostic standard for hypotension, although pressures less than 90/60 are commonly regarded as hypotensive. In practice blood pressure is considered too low only if symptoms are present.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: In pregnancy, it is the fetal heart and not the mother's heart that builds up the fetal blood pressure to drive blood through the fetal circulation. The blood pressure in the fetal aorta is approximately 30 mmHg at 20 weeks of gestation, and increases to approximately 45 mmHg at 40 weeks of gestation.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: In children, the normal ranges for blood pressure are lower than for adults and depend on height. Reference blood pressure values have been developed for children in different countries, based on the distribution of blood pressure in children of these countries.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Blood pressure generally refers to the arterial pressure in the systemic circulation. However, measurement of pressures in the venous system and the pulmonary vessels plays an important role in intensive care medicine but requires invasive measurement of pressure using a catheter.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Venous pressure is the vascular pressure in a vein or in the atria of the heart. It is much lower than arterial pressure, with common values of 5 mmHg in the right atrium and 8 mmHg in the left atrium.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Increased blood pressure in the capillaries of the lung causes pulmonary hypertension, leading to interstitial edema if the pressure increases to above 20 mmHg, and to pulmonary edema at pressures above 25 mmHg.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: If the heart is stopped, blood pressure falls, but it does not fall to zero. The remaining pressure measured after cessation of the heart beat and redistribution of blood throughout the circulation is termed the mean systemic pressure or mean circulatory filling pressure; typically this is of the order of ~7mm Hg.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Disorders of blood pressure control include high blood pressure, low blood pressure, and blood pressure that shows excessive or maladaptive fluctuation.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Arterial hypertension can be an indicator of other problems and may have long-term adverse effects. Sometimes it can be an acute problem, for example hypertensive emergency.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Levels of arterial pressure put mechanical stress on the arterial walls. Higher pressures increase heart workload and progression of unhealthy tissue growth (atheroma) that develops within the walls of arteries. The higher the pressure, the more stress that is present and the more atheroma tend to progress and the heart muscle tends to thicken, enlarge and become weaker over time.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, and arterial aneurysms, and is the leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Even moderate elevation of arterial pressure leads to shortened life expectancy. At severely high pressures, mean arterial pressures 50% or more above average, a person can expect to live no more than a few years unless appropriately treated.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: For those with heart valve regurgitation, a change in its severity may be associated with a change in diastolic pressure. In a study of people with heart valve regurgitation that compared measurements two weeks apart for each person, there was an increased severity of aortic and mitral regurgitation when diastolic blood pressure increased, whereas when diastolic blood pressure decreased, there was a decreased severity.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Blood pressure that is too low is known as hypotension. This is a medical concern if it causes signs or symptoms, such as dizziness, fainting, or in extreme cases, circulatory shock.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: In practice, each individual's autonomic nervous system and other systems regulating blood pressure, notably the kidney, respond to and regulate all these factors so that, although the above issues are important, they rarely act in isolation and the actual arterial pressure response of a given individual can vary widely in the short and long term.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: MAP is the average of blood pressure over a cardiac cycle and is determined by the cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and central venous pressure (CVP):

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: MAP is often estimated from measurements of the systolic pressure, formula_3 and the diastolic pressure, formula_4  using the equation:

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: The pulse pressure is a consequence of the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output, i.e. the heartbeat. The magnitude of the pulse pressure is usually attributed to the interaction of the stroke volume of the heart, the compliance (ability to expand) of the arterial system—largely attributable to the aorta and large elastic arteries—and the resistance to flow in the arterial tree.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: The endogenous, homeostatic regulation of arterial pressure is not completely understood, but the following mechanisms of regulating arterial pressure have been well-characterized:

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: These different mechanisms are not necessarily independent of each other, as indicated by the link between the RAS and aldosterone release. When blood pressure falls many physiological cascades commence in order to return the blood pressure to a more appropriate level.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Novel methods to measure blood pressure without penetrating the arterial wall, and without applying any pressure on patient's body are currently being explored. So-called cuffless measurements, these methods open the door to more comfortable and acceptable blood pressure monitors. An example is a cuffless blood pressure monitor at the wrist that uses only optical sensors

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: One common problem in office blood pressure measurement in the United States is terminal digit preference. According to one study, approximately 40% of recorded measurements ended with the digit zero, whereas "without bias, 10%–20% of measurements are expected to end in zero" Therefore, addressing digit preference is a key issue for improving blood pressure measurement accuracy.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: As in humans, blood pressure in animals differs by age, sex, time of day, and environmental circumstances: measurements made in laboratories or under anesthesia may not be representative of values under free-living conditions. Rats, mice, dogs and rabbits have been used extensively to study the regulation of blood pressure.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


Blood pressure

Context: Hypertension in cats and dogs is generally diagnosed if the blood pressure is greater than 160 mm Hg (systolic), although sight hounds have higher blood pressures than most other dog breeds; a systolic pressure greater than 180 mmHg is considered abnormal in these dogs.

Question: Mitkä ovat aikuisen ihmisen normaalien verenpainelukemien ylärajat?


The Road to El Dorado

Context: The soundtrack features an instrumental score composed by Hans Zimmer and John Powell, and songs written by Elton John and Tim Rice. John is also credited periodically narrating the story in song throughout the film. The film follows two con artists who, after winning the map to El Dorado in Spain, wash ashore in the New World, where they use the map to lead them to the city of El Dorado, where its inhabitants mistake them for gods.

Question: Minä vuonna elokuva Tie Eldoradoon julkaistiin?


The Road to El Dorado

Context: In 1519 Spain, con-artists Miguel and Tulio win a map to the legendary City of Gold, El Dorado, in a rigged dice gamble (though they ironically win the map fairly after Tulio was given normal dice from one of the opponents). After their con is exposed, the two evade the guards and accidentally stow away on one of the ships to be led by conquistador Hernán Cortés for the New World. At sea, they are caught and imprisoned, but break free and steal a rowboat with the help of Cortés' mistreated horse, Altivo.

Question: Minä vuonna elokuva Tie Eldoradoon julkaistiin?


The Road to El Dorado

Context: The instrumental score was composed by Hans Zimmer and John Powell. John, Rice, and Zimmer had previously collaborated on the soundtrack to Disney's "The Lion King", another animated film. Zimmer had also previously composed the music score to DreamWorks Animation's previous film "The Prince of Egypt".

Question: Minä vuonna elokuva Tie Eldoradoon julkaistiin?


The Road to El Dorado

Context: The film was first revealed in a double trailer with fellow DreamWorks animated feature "Chicken Run" on the home video of "The Prince of Egypt". It was accompanied by a promotional campaign by Burger King.

Question: Minä vuonna elokuva Tie Eldoradoon julkaistiin?


The Road to El Dorado

Context: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 48% based on 105 reviews and an average rating of 5.49/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Predictable story and thin characters made the movie flat." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 51 out of 100 based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Question: Minä vuonna elokuva Tie Eldoradoon julkaistiin?


The Road to El Dorado

Context: Indigenous rights organizations criticized the movie for its sexist and racist themes, and for its lack of historical sensitivity. Olin Tezcatlipoca, director of the Mexica Movement, pointed out that the movie portrays Chel as a "sex toy" for the two Spaniards, and that the representation of them as saviors from the barbarity of human sacrifices and from indigenous collaborationism with Cortés "has no respect for history."

Question: Minä vuonna elokuva Tie Eldoradoon julkaistiin?


The Road to El Dorado

Context: Twenty years after the film's release, "The Road to El Dorado" had an unexpected rise in popularity as an Internet meme. Petrana Radulovic, writing for "Polygon", noted a range of memes and GIFs of moments from the film, writing that it "found a second life and a long-lasting legacy, since it came out at the perfect time to make it a nostalgic movie for people who grew up with the internet."

Question: Minä vuonna elokuva Tie Eldoradoon julkaistiin?


Gospel

Context: Many non-canonical gospels were also written, all later than the four canonical gospels, and like them advocating the particular theological views of their various authors. Important examples include the gospels of Thomas, Peter, Judas, and Mary; infancy gospels such as that of James (the first to introduce the perpetual virginity of Mary); and gospel harmonies such as the Diatessaron.

Question: Miten evankeliumit määritellään?


Gospel

Context: "Gospel" is the Old English translation of Greek , meaning "good news"; this may be seen from analysis of ( "good" + "messenger" + diminutive suffix). The Greek term was Latinized as in the Vulgate, and translated into Latin as . In Old English, it was translated as ( "good" + "news"). The Old English term was retained as in Middle English Bible translations and hence remains in use also in Modern English.

Question: Miten evankeliumit määritellään?


Gospel

Context: The four canonical gospels are those of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. They share the same basic outline of the life of Jesus: he begins his public ministry in conjunction with that of John the Baptist, calls disciples, teaches and heals and confronts the Pharisees, dies on the cross, and is raised from the dead.

Question: Miten evankeliumit määritellään?


Gospel

Context: Each has its own distinctive understanding of him and his divine role and scholars recognize that the differences of detail between the gospels are irreconcilable, and any attempt to harmonize them would only disrupt their distinct theological messages.

Question: Miten evankeliumit määritellään?


Gospel

Context: The Gospel of Mark never refers to Jesus as "God" or claims that he existed prior to his earthly life, does not describe his birth, makes no attempt to trace his ancestry back to King David or Adam, and originally had no post-resurrection appearances, although Mark 16:7, in which a young man discovered in the tomb instructs the women to tell "the disciples and Peter" that Jesus will see them again in Galilee, hints that the author knew of the tradition.

Question: Miten evankeliumit määritellään?


Gospel

Context: Matthew and Luke base their narratives of the life of Jesus on that in Mark, but each makes subtle changes, Matthew stressing Jesus's divine nature – for example, the "young man" who appears at Jesus's tomb in Mark becomes a radiant angel in Matthew. Similarly, the miracle stories in Mark confirm Jesus's status as an emissary of God (which was Mark's understanding of the Messiah), but in Matthew they demonstrate divinity.

Question: Miten evankeliumit määritellään?


Gospel

Context: Luke, while following Mark's gospel more faithfully than does Matthew, has expanded on the source, corrected Mark's grammar and syntax, and eliminated some passages entirely, notably most of Chapters 6 and 7. John, the most overtly theological, is the first to make Christological judgements outside the context of the narrative of Jesus's life.

Question: Miten evankeliumit määritellään?


Gospel

Context: In the immediate aftermath of Jesus's death, his followers apparently expected him to return at any moment, likely within their own lifetimes, and consequently there was little motivation to write anything down for future generations. However, as eyewitnesses began to die, and as the missionary needs of the church grew, there was an increasing demand and need for written versions of the founder's life and teachings. The stages of this process can be summarised as follows:

Question: Miten evankeliumit määritellään?


Gospel

Context: The many apocryphal gospels arose from the 1st century onward, frequently under assumed names to enhance their credibility and authority, and often from within branches of Christianity that were eventually branded heretical. They can be broadly organised into the following categories:

Question: Miten evankeliumit määritellään?


Finnish Navy

Context: The Finnish Navy (, ) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. The navy employs 2,300 people and about 4,300 conscripts are trained each year. Finnish Navy vessels are given the ship prefix "FNS", short for "Finnish Navy ship", but this is not used in Finnish language contexts. The Finnish Navy also includes coastal forces and coastal artillery.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: The current Commander of the Navy is rear admiral Jori Harju. The navy is organized into the Navy Command, three Brigade-level units, and the Naval Academy. Since 1998 the navy also includes the Nyland Brigade in Dragsvik, where Finnish Marines or "Coastal Jaegers" are trained. Nyland Brigade is also the only Swedish language unit in the country and it carries on the traditions and battle-honours of the Nyland (Uusimaa) Regiment of the Swedish Army.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: During the Swedish era, the Finnish Gulf saw many battles between the Swedish and Russian fleets. Many of the Swedish naval bases were located in present-day Finland and many sailors came from Finland (see Archipelago Fleet).

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: defending the Finnish coast, alongside the Baltic Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy. The "Meriekipaasi" participated in the Crimean War, albeit mostly with on-shore duties. The "Meriekipaasi" also manned the coastal batteries at the Santahamina Island during the siege of fortress Viapori in Helsinki. The ships the "Meriekipaasi" operated included the steam frigates and "Kalevala", named after the Finnish national epic. These ships later served in the Russian Pacific Fleet).

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: In 1927, after years of wrangling with various plans for how to modernize the navy, and partly due to the loss of the torpedo boat "S2" in heavy seas in October 1925, the Parliament of Finland approved a plan to build two coastal defence ships ("Panssarilaiva" in Finnish), as well as four submarines. Motor torpedo boats were also acquired both from Britain, as well as from domestic sources. New minesweepers were also constructed. The training ship was also acquired.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: The strength of the Finnish Navy at the beginning of World War II was limited. Some of the planned ships had not yet been constructed and wartime constraints on the economy prolonged ship building times.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: In spring 1942 Finnish forces captured the island of Gogland. In July 1942 the Soviets made an attempt to occupy the small island of Sommers in the Gulf of Finland. The Soviets lost several smaller vessels (patrol and torpedo boats) together with 128 men. One-hundred and two Soviet soldiers were taken prisoner. During 1943 the navy received 14 new motor torpedo boats which were used to replace the old pre-war ones.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: In 1944 the Soviets launched a major offensive against Finland, during which the navy fought in support of Finnish land forces the Gulf of Vyborg. In the end the ships were forced to pull out.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: In September 1944, the military operations against Germany started. The main focus was in the north, the Lapland War, but the Germans also tried to capture Suursaari in an operation named "Tanne Ost". The attack was repulsed. During the battle, Finnish motor torpedo boats sank several German vessels.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: The last action of the Finnish Navy was during the amphibious landing of troops from Oulu in Tornio. The Finnish gunboats successfully shelled German batteries, which had posed serious threat for the transport ships, while their anti-aircraft batteries defended the convoy from German air attacks. The navy also hunted German U-boats in the Baltic, laying its last mines of the war while doing this.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: After the Finnish-Soviet armistice, the Finnish Navy was ordered to participate in the demanding mine clearance operation. The operation lasted until 1950. There were many casualties among the clearance crews.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: The Cold War limitations are no longer in place (they were nullified with the breakup of the Soviet Union), but the size of the navy has still remained roughly the same size (with the exception of tonnage).

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: The cable layer and pollution control vessel were replaced in 2011 by a new multipurpose vessel built by the "Uudenkaupungin Työvene" shipyard. A new icebreaking oil spill response vessel was named on 8 March 2011.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: The 1979-built minelayer was decommissioned in 2013, after which the minelayer "Hämeenmaa" took over the role of flagship of the Finnish Navy.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: In February 2015, it was reported that fatigue damage had been discovered in the hulls of the recently refitted "Rauma"-class missile boats and that the vessels would be removed from active duty to prevent further damage until its cause has been found. However, while peacetime use is now limited, the missile boats can be taken back into full service if needed.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: Once Squadron 2000 was operational, the Navy shifted its attention to mine countermeasures with a view to replacing the old Kuha- and Kiiski-class minesweepers with three s, previously known as the MCMV 2010 and MITO classes.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: In October 2012, The Finnish Navy signed a 34 million euro contract for 12 fast transport boats with an option for more vessels with Marine Alutech, a Finnish company that had also built the "Uisko"- and "Jurmo"-class transport boats. The "Jehu" transport boats can carry 25 troops and have a maximum speed in excess of . Defensive capability is provided by a remotely controlled turret capable of providing fire support during a landing operation. The new class of landing craft has been named the .

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: On 5 May 2021 the Finnish Ministry of Defense announced that the Finnish Navy was to obtain four Kewatec Work 1920 vessels for delivery between 2022 and 2024. The deal included options for five additional vessels. The contract (including options) is valued 12.8 million Euros.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: Coastal forces include both coastal infantry and the Marines ("Coastal Jaegers") as well as the remnants of the coastal artillery units, which have moved from fixed and towed guns to truck-mounted and infantry-carried anti-ship missiles. The towed guns are being phased out as obsolete and all artillery-based coastal defences are to be retired in the near future.

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Finnish Navy

Context: The Euro-Spike coastal missile system was taken into use in 2005 at the Uusimaa Brigade and the older truck-mounted RBS-15 missiles have been complemented with new, upgraded RBS-15 Mk.3 (known as "MTO-85M").

Question: Kuka johtaa Suomen merivoimia?


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: Industry was the majority consumer of electricity between 1990 and 2005 with 52-54% of total consumption. The forest industry alone consumed 30-32%.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: Between 2000 and 2006, up to 7 TWh per year was imported from Sweden and up to 11.5 TWh from Russia. Net imports during this time varied between 7 TWh to Sweden and 7 TWh from Sweden, and 4 to 11 TWh from Russia. Since 2007, some electricity has also been imported from Estonia.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: In 2012, most of the imports were from Sweden (14.4 TWh net import) with Russia also contributing to the net imbalance (4.4 TWh import only), while exports to Estonia were larger than imports (1.1 TWh net export).

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: , the total capacity of power generation in Finland is 17.5 GW. However, not all of that is available at the same time and an increasing amount is intermittent generation, mostly from wind power (see below).

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: In 2019 the parliament passed a law to ban the use of coal for energy production by May 1 2029. there are no plans to ban other fossil fuels. Despite popular support for banning the use of peat, there is only a commitment to halve its use by 2030. However, it is estimated that market forces will reduce peat's energy use to a third of its 2019 level by 2025.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: Between 2005-2014, Finland produced 25-30% of electricity as a percentage of demand from renewable energy. The largest source is hydropower (15-20%) which fluctuates yearly depending on rainfall, causing the share of renewable generation to also vary. Other major sources are wood-based energy resources like black liquor from the forest industry, accounting for approximately 12% on average. In recent years wind power (see below) has also gained a foothold.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: Major producers in Finland include: Fortum, Pohjolan Voima, Teollisuuden Voima and Helsingin Energia.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: Major distributors are: Helen Oy, Caruna and Elenia. Other companies are (Savo), Pohjois-Karjalan Sähkö (Northern Karelia, Järvi-Suomen Energia (Central Finland), Kymenlaakson Sähkö (Kymenlaakso) and Loiste (Kajaani and Sotkamo).

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: Caruna in the south of Finland is owned mostly (80%) by Australian and Dutch holding and property companies. In 2017 Caruna's turn-over was €145 million and state tax rate 4 % (€6 million). In 2017 Caruna paid its stakeholders 8.17 % interest (77 million) while market loans were 1.5–3 % interest. Company interest cost were reduced from the taxable income based on Sipilä Cabinet taxation rules.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Electricity sector in Finland

Context: The government of Finland has attempted to decrease the dependency on Russian energy by investing heavily in wind power, solar power and efficient energy use, but these measures have hardly been effective. The Finnish Security Intelligence Service (Supo) indicated in 2016 that foreign intelligence activity in Finland was aimed at influencing decision-making in energy policy.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa yleisin sähkövoiman lähde??


Finnhorse

Context: Finnhorses typically have thick manes and tails, and the legs have light feathering. The average height is . Pony-sized Finnhorses—under —exist as well, and are licensed for breeding in a separate section of the official stud book. Finnhorses have good gaits that are regular with elasticity, and relatively low, steady action. They are fast for a coldblooded breed, known as good trotting horses and used for harness racing.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: In addition to these general traits, there are four separate breed sections in the Finnhorse studbook, and a Finnhorse's overall conformation should be typical of the section in which it is recorded, though some horses are registered in multiple sections.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: Through the 18th and 19th centuries, chestnut in various shades was the prevailing colour of Finnish horses, making up about 40–50 percent of the breed, and bays, blacks and greys existed in much greater numbers than today: 34 percent were bay, 16 percent black, and the remaining 3 percent were grey, palomino or spotted. Wide blazes and high leg markings were rare, unlike today; bold markings became common only in the 20th century.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: The silver dapple gene survived for two reasons. First, it only affects black colour and therefore is "masked" in chestnuts. Second, when it does act on black and bay base coat colors, it produces a chestnut-like phenotype. Silver dapple bays were long registered as "cinnamon chestnuts", and silver dapple blacks as "flaxen-maned dark chestnuts".

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: The trotter type is the lightest Finnhorse. A trotter section horse should be of light conformation yet muscular, with a relatively long body and long legs. At the studbook evaluation, a trotter-type horse must meet the standards in racing results and/or in breeding value index as decreed by "Suomen Hippos". A trotter's disposition is evaluated during the drivability test. However, type is not part of the studbook evaluation standard for trotters.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: The Finnhorse is slower to mature than lighter breeds, and thus usually enters harness racing competition at the age of four. However, its build withstands competition better than light trotters, and the breed's effective competition career can be very long. The Finnish harness racing bylaws allow Finnhorses to be raced from ages 3 to 16.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: The walking test is given only to draught type Finnhorses and measures the horse's endurance while pulling a load. The horse tested pulls a load for , walking. The calculated time per kilometre must be no more than ten minutes to qualify as accepted. A horse qualifying with this time will be given four points. Extra points are given for faster times at the interval of 30 seconds, and the maximum points given is 10, for a time no longer than eight minutes and 30 seconds.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: The general drivability test is performed by trotter stallions. It is optional for draught type horses in lieu of the pulling test, and for pony-sized horses in lieu of the rideability test. The horse is driven by two different members of the studbook evaluation committee during this test, and asked to perform at a walk and trot. Its cooperation and disposition are evaluated on a scale of 4 to 10 points.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: In the rideability test, the horse is evaluated by a member of the studbook evaluation committee by being ridden at a walk, trot and canter. The horse's movement, balance and disposition are evaluated and given 4 to 10 points. The horse should express cooperation, gentleness, attentiveness, sensitivity to cues, and active effort. This test is required for riding-type horses, and optional for pony-sized horses in lieu of the driveability test.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: In the early 20th century, English J. C. Edward and Norwegian S. Petersen, proposed that Finland and the other countries surrounding the Gulf of Finland were the home region for the so-called "yellow pony". A later ethnologist, Kustaa Vilkuna (1902–1980) supported this view, proposing that an "Estonian-Finno-Karelian pony" descended from a small forest horse previously widespread in the lands surrounding the Gulf of Finland.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: Earliest horse equipment (bits) found in Finnish graves date from the Finnish Middle Iron Age, beginning from circa 400 CE. Breeds considered to descend from the same early types as the Finnhorse include the Estonian Native horse, the Norwegian Nordlandshest/Lyngshest, the Swedish Gotland Russ, the Mezen horse from the region of Archangelsk, Russia, and the Lithuanian Žemaitukas.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: Later, the 16th century writer Olaus Magnus mentioned the high quality of the horses used by the early Finns; in the 1520s, Gustav Vasa found the Finns exporting horses by the shipload to Lübeck, and strictly prohibited such trading, banning the sale of horses under the age of 7 years.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: Outside of these breeding efforts, Finnish horses were widely kept in semi-feral conditions through the mid-19th century. Ethnologist Kustaa Vilkuna describes how all horses regardless of sex and age were let out on forest pastures for the summer after the spring fieldwork was finished. The pasture was scarce and the terrain challenging, with both rocky ground and wetlands. Vilkuna considers this practice an important factor in making the Finnhorse an easy-keeping, hardy breed.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: Before World War II, the Finnhorse was the breed that made up almost all of the horses that were part of the Finnish army and mounted police forces. While officers mostly rode various foreign light horse breeds, the so-called "light type" of Finnhorse was used for the enlisted members of the cavalry. Many of the most talented Finnhorses had competitive success during their service. After the war, the Finnish cavalry was converted to infantry, and the use of the Finnhorse for riding purposes nearly ended.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: Other intentional crossbreeding experiments included the bloodstock of Sarkkila and Hali in Northern Karelia, descended from crosses with Russian military horses. The breeding programme of Sarkkila stated one of the stallions to be of "Fürstenbergian breed", and one of the mares of "oriental" descent. The "Hali breed", descending from the stallions of Sarkkila, was an important influence in the pedigree of a few notable Finnhorse trotter sires such as Eino 680 and his son Eino-Vakaa 25.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: With the Russians having taken the best animals, combined with the old custom of pastures shared by municipalities or larger areas, rebuilding the horse population took decades. To increase numbers, horses were often bred too young, and inbreeding also occurred. By 1761, one of the first researchers in the agricultural chemistry in Finland described the Finnish horse population of the time:

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: At first the only notable objectives of the Finnhorse breeding programme concerned appearance, especially the colour, of the breed. The aim was to remove "foreign" characteristics. Later, in the 1920s, trials of performance were introduced, and since then, the main objectives of the Finnhorse breeding programme have continued to encourage improvements in the capacity, movement, conformation and character of the breed.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: Since the establishment of the Finnhorse stud book it has been closed and the breed has been bred pure. While accidental and even intentional Finnhorse crossbreds exist, they are not accepted for the Finnhorse registry and have not been used to develop new breeds within Finland. The Finnhorse stud book remains in the control of "Suomen Hippos".

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: Although other breeds were being increasingly imported and bred, the numbers of the Finnhorse population also slowly began to recover; in 1997, 19,000 Finnhorses existed. Harness racing and associated parimutuel betting, and to some degree also the relatively new hobby of riding, became the most important factors ensuring the survival of the breed.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: There are few draft-type Finnhorse family lines left, and only an estimated two or three hundred animals are known to be used as actual workhorses in the 21st century. However, interest in traditional uses and methods has been increasing, and workhorse competitions are regularly held which usually include horse pulling or ploughing contests.

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Finnhorse

Context: Finnhorses also successfully compete in combined driving, and are the breed most often used for the sport in Finland, especially at regional and national levels; the Finnhorse Jehun Viima, driven by Heidi Sinda, was a member of the Finnish singles driving team that finished 2nd at the 2002 World Singles Championships in Conty, France. According to Sinda, the Finnhorse is ideally suited for combined driving, being well-mannered, focused, hard working, obedient, and possessing "cool nerves."

Question: Onko suomenhevosella normaalia väritystä?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: "Friday Night Lights" was inspired by H.G. "Buzz" Bissinger's non-fiction book "" (1990) and the 2004 film based on it. The book, which explores the 1988 season of the Permian Panthers, a high school football team in Odessa, Texas, was a factual work of documentary journalism. The people featured were not renamed in the book. The Universal Pictures film, which stars Billy Bob Thornton and was directed by Peter Berg, Bissinger's second cousin, based its characters on the residents of Odessa c. 1988.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Once filming on the movie was completed, Berg began to explore adapting the story for television. Berg later said he had regretted having to jettison many of the interpersonal topics from the book because of the time constraints of a feature film. Creating a TV series, particularly one based on fictional characters, allowed him to address many of those elements in-depth.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: He decided to set the series in a fictional town of Dillon, Texas, with some characteristics of Odessa. The football team was given the Panthers name. Berg deliberately carried elements from the film to the series, particularly for the pilot, which was closely related to the film. He cast Connie Britton as the wife of head coach Eric Taylor, and Brad Leland as Buddy Garrity, a major businessman and football booster, in roles similar to those they played in the film.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: While relying on a script each week, the producers decided at the outset to allow the cast leeway in what they said and did on the show. Their decisions could affect the delivery of their lines and the blocking of each scene. If the actors felt that something was untrue to their character or a mode of delivery didn't work, they were free to change it, provided they still hit the vital plot points.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: This freedom was complemented by filming without rehearsal and without extensive blocking. Camera operators were trained to follow the actors, rather than having the actors stand in one place with cameras fixed around them. The actors knew that the filming would work around them. Executive producer Jeffrey Reiner described this method as "no rehearsal, no blocking, just three cameras and we shoot."

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Working in this fashion profoundly influenced everyone involved with the show. Series star Kyle Chandler said: "When I look back at my life, I'm going to say, 'Wow, [executive producer] Peter Berg really changed my life.'" Executive producer and head writer Jason Katims echoed this sentiment, saying: "When I first came on [the "FNL"] set, I thought, it’s interesting – this is what I imagined filmmaking would be, before I saw what filmmaking was."

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: All five seasons of "Friday Night Lights" were filmed in Austin and Pflugerville. With the show yielding roughly $33 million a year in revenue, other states courted the production company after the state of Texas failed to pay all the rebates it had promised to the show's producers. The Texas legislature authorized funding to match the offers of other states, and the production company preferred to stay near Austin, so the show remained in Texas.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: "Friday Night Lights" is unusual for using actual locations rather than stage sets and sound stage. These factors together with reliance on filming hundreds of locals as extras, gives the series an authentic feel and look.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: The producers used a cinéma vérité (documentary-style) filming technique. Three cameras were used for each shoot and entire scenes were shot in one take. In contrast, most productions film a scene from each angle and typically repeat the scene several times while readjusting lighting to accommodate each shot. The first takes usually made the final cut. By filming a scene all at once, the producers tried to create an environment for the actors that was more organic and allowed for the best performances.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Some scenes were filmed outside Texas. On June 20, 2010, scenes were filmed at Temple University, which was to portray the fictional Braemore College. An episode from Julie's senior year in high school was filmed in the Boston area, at Boston College, Boston University, and Tufts University.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Some scenes at fictional Oklahoma Tech University were filmed at Gregory Gym at The University of Texas at Austin.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Initially targeted at the youth market, the show emphasized the football element. NBC teamed with social networking site Bebo to create a site that allowed students to upload video and photos, as well as create blogs about their local football teams. Students who participated were eligible for one of 10 $5,000 scholarships. NBC had negotiated with Bebo for network and series promotion on Bebo's network of youth-oriented sites including Piczo, Hi5, Tickle, Ringo, and FastWeb.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: To complement this promotion, NBC sent out “School Spirit” kits to 1,000 high schools around the country. These kits included posters, pom-poms, mini-footballs and disposable cameras, all bearing the show's logo. The kits also contained copies of the show's pilot episode on DVD. The network repeated this promotion for its second season promotion, when it teamed with HouseParty.com to send out 1,000 "Party Kits", which contained advance copies of the Season 2 opener along with other promotional material.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: In the later part of the season, NBC chose to switch course and pursue the female demographic. The network designed a strategy based on the personal elements of the show, giving the show the tagline, "It’s about life". NBC Marketing President Vince Manze stressed that the goal was to assure viewers that the show was family and relationships as well as athletics. The network ran 30-second spots in movie theaters that featured cast members and fans being interviewed about the show.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Season one revolves around two main events: Coach Eric Taylor beginning as head coach and the injury and paralysis of star quarterback Jason Street in the first game of the season. Coach Taylor's career depends on his ability to get the Dillon Panthers to the state championship, despite the loss of Street. If the team suffers a losing streak, he knows his family will no longer be welcome in Dillon.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: His wife Tami Taylor begins work as a guidance counselor at the local high school. Over the course of the season, she becomes a support and a mentor to many of the students, and her position plays a pivotal role in the season finale.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Also explored is the pressure on the cocky, driven Brian "Smash" Williams. Easily the most promising player on the Panthers' roster, he works hard to achieve excellence and sees his future career as instrumental in gaining a better life for him and his family. Since his father was killed in a car accident, his mother Corrina has taken multiple jobs to keep the family afloat. Smash decides to take performance-enhancing drugs to ensure he can gain a college football scholarship.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Tim Riggins is struggling with alcoholism and absentee parents, with few prospects beyond high school. He is portrayed as a loyal friend with a good heart.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Tyra Collette also comes from a broken home; her mother suffers abusive relationships with men. Tyra begins the season as Riggins’ girlfriend. Thanks to counselor Tami Taylor and Landry Clarke – the school math geek and Saracen's best friend – Tyra starts to see hope that she might get out of Dillon and break the cycle of women in her family.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Meanwhile, Lyla Garrity undergoes significant changes. Faced with Jason's injury, she begins seeing Riggins for some comfort. Jason begins growing closer to another woman. Lyla learns about her father's many adulterous affairs and begins to establish her independence.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Matt begins a relationship with a cheerleader before leaving her for his grandmother's new live-in nurse, Carlotta.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Additionally, the early season follows an arc where Landry kills and hides the body of a man who attempted to rape Tyra, leading to a romance between the two. Eventually, guilt builds within Landry and he confesses. Charges are not pressed, although tension between him and Tyra remains. Landry also joins the football team.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Jason Street impregnates a woman in what was supposed to be a one-night stand at the end of season two. Jason pleads with the woman to keep the child and promises to take care of the two.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: This season ends on a cliffhanger due to the Writers' Strike. The show's head writer and executive producer, Jason Katims, stated that this last episode was “not in any way viewed as the season finale... If we were leading to the end of the season [under normal circumstances], we would have most likely brought the story around to the coach and his family again,” and there would have been a strong football element as well, Katims said. Seven of the 22 episodes NBC ordered for Season 2 weren't made.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: The football season is one focused on growth and reestablishing a sense of Lion pride. The culmination of their hard work is tested in their last game of the season as they play the Dillon Panthers led by J.D. McCoy. In an amazing show of perseverance, the East Dillon Lions defeat the Dillon Panthers, ruining the Panthers' playoff chances.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked "Friday Night Lights" No. 22 in its of the "101 Best Written TV Series of All Time".

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: "Friday Night Lights" won a Peabody Award, three AFI awards, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series, an ACE Eddie Award for editing, an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Directing, a Television Critics Association Award, and has earned multiple Writers Guild of America nominations. The show's two leading actors, Kyle Chandler and Connie Britton, received Emmy nominations for their performances in 2010, while executive producer Jason Katims won two Humanitas Prize awards for writing.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: In 2011, after concluding its run, the show was honored by four Emmy nominations and Kyle Chandler won the award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Jason Katims won for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for "Always".

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: "Friday Night Lights" enjoys what former NBC President Kevin Reilly called a "passionate and vocal [fanbase]". This fan dedication has shown itself in everything from advertisers expressing their support for the show to news outlets getting massive amounts of support mail after running positive pieces about the show.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Though it was critically acclaimed, "Friday Night Lights" never enjoyed high ratings. The first two seasons averaged roughly 6 million viewers each. Ratings dropped in subsequent seasons with the third season averaging 4.6 million viewers, the fourth season with 3.8 million, and fifth season with 3.6 million.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: The show's pilot, which aired on February 21, 2007 on ITV4, was watched by 26,000 viewers in the UK. This was attributed to the program being aired opposite of the Barcelona–Liverpool football game in the first knockout round of the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: On December 29, 2006 Nielsen Media Research reported the results of having, for the first time, monitored viewers who use a Digital Video Recorder to record shows for later viewing. These ratings, called "live plus seven", include all viewers who use a DVR to record the show and then watch it within a week of its initial airing.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: According to the Nielsen numbers, DVR viewers increased "Friday Night Lights" ratings by 7.5% overall in December. When Nielsen monitored viewers again in April 2007 the increase went up to 17% for the week ending on April 8.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: On March 5, 2007, "Media Life Magazine" reported that "Friday Night Lights" was one of the most popular shows among "affluent viewers" who had little experience playing football. This was determined using a report from Magna Global who in turn used analysis done by Nielsen Media Research. Affluence in the study was determined by yearly income.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: In the study, "Friday Night Lights" tied for the 11th most watched show by affluent viewers. According to the study viewers of the show have a median household income of $65,000 per year.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Streaming videos, such as cast interviews and the full episode from the previous week, have been available on NBC.com since the series’ inception. In December 2006, NBC expanded this selection to include every episode of the season. The move to offer every episode was made for only a few select shows and represents a marketing push on NBC's part.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: In addition to the free ad-support offerings, every episode of "Friday Night Lights" became available for download on the iTunes Store on February 10, 2007 for $1.99 per episode. As a special promotion, the pilot was initially offered as a free download. The series was available on Netflix through October 1, 2017. The series returned to Netflix in the United States on August 1, 2021.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: ABC Family acquired syndication rights for the first four seasons and began airing reruns September 6, 2010, but it was pulled on October 18, 2010, due to low ratings. In July 2011, it was announced that ESPN Classic had acquired the rights of all five seasons and started airing the series beginning on July 12, 2011.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: Once the 2006–2007 television season ended, NBC planned to air reruns throughout the summer in the hopes of gaining new viewers during the summer hiatus. Despite rising ratings for the reruns, NBC abruptly pulled them from the network's schedule on June 24, 2007. NBC resumed airing reruns in late August/early September, timed to the Season 1 DVD release.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: TeenNick acquired the rights in 2015 and began airing the series, in chronological order, on April 10, 2015 with a week-long event in which three episodes aired nightly.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: During the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, NBC Universal's decision to release the Season 2 DVD with only the 15 produced episodes and comments by NBC chief Ben Silverman led to speculation that the show would be canceled.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: In March 2008, it was confirmed that NBC had picked up the series for a third season, after a cost-sharing partnership between NBC and DirecTV was struck. The agreement had first run episodes airing exclusively on DirecTV, and the episodes aired on NBC at a later date. Season 3 premiered exclusively on DirecTV channel 101, with the episodes replaying on NBC beginning on January 16, 2009. In March 2009, NBC announced it had renewed the series for two more seasons.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: The first season was released on DVD in region 1 on August 28, 2007, and in region 2 on October 29, 2007. Special features include deleted scenes from several episodes and a featurette titled "Behind The Lights: Creating The First Season of "Friday Night Lights"".

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: The second season was released on DVD in region 1 on April 22, 2008, and in region 2 on February 11, 2013. Special features include deleted scenes from several episodes, audio commentaries for "Last Days of Summer", "Are You Ready for Friday Night" and "There Goes the Neighborhood" and a featurette titled ""Friday Night Lights" Cast & Producers at the Paley Festival in L.A.".

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: The third season was released on DVD in region 1 on May 19, 2009, and in region 2 on March 25, 2013. Special features include deleted scenes from various episode and an audio commentary for "Tomorrow Blues".

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: The fourth season was released on DVD in region 1 on August 17, 2010, and in region 2 on May 20, 2013. Special features include deleted scenes from various episodes, audio commentary for "East of Dillon", and several behind-the-scenes featurettes.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: The fifth season was released on DVD in region 1 on April 5, 2011, and in region 2 on August 12, 2013. Special features include deleted scenes from several episodes, audio commentaries for "Don't Go" and "Always", a featurette titled "The Lights Go Out", and a photo gallery.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: A complete series box set containing all the episodes and material from the individual season sets was released in region 1 on October 4, 2011.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Friday Night Lights (TV series)

Context: In March 2016, it was announced that Mill Creek Entertainment had acquired the rights to the series in region 1; they subsequently re-released the first two seasons on DVD on September 6, 2016. On September 26, 2017, Mill Creek Entertainment re-released the complete series on DVD and also released the complete series on Blu-ray for the first time; however, these releases lacked the previously included special features.

Question: Missä Unelmien kentät sarja tapahtuu?


Benin

Context: The kings of Dahomey sold their war captives into transatlantic slavery. They also had a practice of killing war captives in a ceremony known as the Annual Customs. By about 1750, the King of Dahomey was earning an estimated £250,000 per year by selling African captives to European slave-traders.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Among the goods the Portuguese sought were carved items of ivory made by Benin's artisans in the form of carved saltcellars, spoons, and hunting horns - the first pieces of African art produced for sale abroad as exotic objects.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: By the middle of the nineteenth century, Dahomey had begun to weaken and lose its status as the regional power. This enabled the French to take over the area in 1892. In 1899, the French included the land called French Dahomey within the larger French West Africa colonial region.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: France sought to benefit from Dahomey but the region appeared to lack the necessary agricultural or mineral resources for large-scale capitalist development. As a result, France treated Dahomey as a sort of preserve in case future discoveries revealed resources worth developing.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: For the next twelve years after 1960, ethnic strife contributed to a period of turbulence. There were several coups and regime changes, with the figures of Hubert Maga, Sourou Apithy, Justin Ahomadégbé, and Émile Derlin Zinsou dominating; the first three each represented a different area and ethnicity of the country. These three agreed to form a Presidential Council after violence marred the 1970 elections.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: The regime of the People's Republic of Benin underwent significant changes over the course of its existence: a brief nationalist period (1972-1974); a socialist phase (1974-1982); and a phase involving an opening to Western countries and economic liberalism (1982-1990).

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: The country's name was officially changed to the" Republic of Benin" on 1 March 1990, after the newly formed government's constitution was completed.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: In a 1991 election, Kérékou lost to Nicéphore Soglo. Kerekou became the first President on the African mainland to lose power through an election. Kérékou returned to power after winning the 1996 vote. In 2001, a closely fought election resulted in Kérékou winning another term, after which his opponents claimed election irregularities.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: In 1999, Kérékou issued a national apology for the substantial role that Africans had played in the Atlantic slave trade.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Kérékou and former president Soglo did not run in the 2006 elections, as both were barred by the constitution's restrictions on age and total terms of candidates.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: In April 2021, President Patrice Talon was re-elected, with more than 86.3% of the votes cast, in Benin's presidential election. The change in election laws resulted in total control of parliament by president Talon's supporters.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Benin is divided into 12 departments (French: "départements") which, in turn, are subdivided into 77 communes. In 1999, the previous six departments were each split into two halves, forming the current 12. The six new departments were assigned official capitals in 2008.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Recent migrations have brought other African nationals to Benin that include Nigerians, Togolese, and Malians. The foreign community also includes many Lebanese and Indians involved in trade and commerce. The personnel of the many European embassies and foreign aid missions and of nongovernmental organisations and various missionary groups account for a large part of the 5,500 European population. A small part of the European population consists of Beninese citizens of French ancestry.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Traditional religions include local animistic religions in the Atakora (Atakora and Donga provinces), and Vodun and Orisha veneration among the Yoruba and Tado peoples in the center and south of the nation. The town of Ouidah on the central coast is the spiritual center of Beninese Vodun.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Benin shows little variation in elevation and can be divided into four areas from the south to the north, starting with the low-lying, sandy, coastal plain (highest elevation ) which is, at most, wide. It is marshy and dotted with lakes and lagoons communicating with the ocean. Behind the coast lies the Guinean forest-savanna mosaic-covered plateaus of southern Benin (altitude between ), which are split by valleys running north to south along the Couffo, Zou, and Ouémé Rivers.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: This geography makes it vulnerable to climate change. With the majority of the country living near the coast in low-lying areas sea level rise could have large effects on the economy and population. Northern areas will see additional regions become deserts, making agriculture difficult in a region with many subsistence farmers.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: An area of flat land dotted with rocky hills whose altitude seldom reaches extends around Nikki and Save.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Variations in temperature increase when moving north through savanna and plateau toward the Sahel. A dry wind from the Sahara called the Harmattan blows from December to March, when grass dries up, other vegetation turns reddish brown, and a veil of fine dust hangs over the country, causing the skies to be overcast. It is also the season when farmers burn brush in the fields.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: The economy of Benin is dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Cotton accounts for 40% of the GDP and roughly 80% of official export receipts. Growth in real output has averaged around 5% in the past seven years, but rapid population growth has offset much of this increase. Inflation has subsided over the past several years. Benin uses the CFA franc, which is pegged to the euro.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Access to biocapacity in Benin is lower than world average. In 2016, Benin had 0.9 global hectares of biocapacity per person within its territory, much less than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person. In 2016 Benin used 1.4 global hectares of biocapacity per person - their ecological footprint of consumption. This means they use slightly under double as much biocapacity as Benin contains. As a result, Benin is running a biocapacity deficit.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: In order to raise growth still further, Benin plans to attract more foreign investment, place more emphasis on tourism, facilitate the development of new food processing systems and agricultural products, and encourage new information and communication technology. Projects to improve the business climate by reforms to the land tenure system, the commercial justice system, and the financial sector were included in Benin's US$307 million Millennium Challenge Account grant signed in February 2006.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: The Paris Club and bilateral creditors have eased the external debt situation, with Benin benefiting from a G8 debt reduction announced in July 2005, while pressing for more rapid structural reforms. An insufficient electrical supply continues to adversely affect Benin's economic growth though the government recently has taken steps to increase domestic power production.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Although trade unions in Benin represent up to 75% of the formal workforce, the large informal economy has been noted by the International Trade Union Confederation (ITCU) to contain ongoing problems, including a lack of women's wage equality, the use of child labor, and the continuing issue of forced labor.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Despite the GDP growth rate of 4-5% remaining consistent over the past two decades, poverty has been increasing. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Analysis in Benin, those living under the poverty line have increased from 36.2% in 2011 to 40.1% in 2015.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: The literacy rate in Benin is among the lowest in the world: in 2015 it was estimated to be 38.4% (49.9% for males and 27.3% for females). Benin has achieved universal primary education and half of the children (54%) were enrolled in secondary education in 2013, according to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Although at one time the education system was not free, Benin has abolished school fees and is carrying out the recommendations of its 2007 Educational Forum.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: The government has devoted more than 4% of GDP to education since 2009. In 2015, public expenditure on education (all levels) amounted to 4.4% of GDP, according to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Within this expenditure, Benin devoted quite a large share to tertiary education: 0.97% of GDP.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Between 2009 and 2011, the share of young people enrolled at university rose from 10% to 12% of the 18"–"25 year age cohort, one of the highest ratios in West Africa. Student enrollment in tertiary education more than doubled between 2006 and 2011 from 50,225 to 110,181. These statistics encompass not only bachelor's, master's and Ph.D. programmes but also students enrolled in non-degree post-secondary diplomas.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: The regulatory framework has evolved since 2006 till date when the country's first science policy was prepared. This has since been updated and complemented by new texts on science and innovation (the year of adoption is between brackets):

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: In 2015, Benin's priority areas for scientific research were: health, education, construction and building materials, transportation and trade, culture, tourism and handicrafts, cotton/textiles, food, energy and climate change.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: In 2007, Benin counted 1,000 researchers (in headcounts). This corresponds to 115 researchers per million inhabitants. The main research structures in Benin are the Centre for Scientific and Technical Research, National Institute of Agricultural Research, National Institute for Training and Research in Education, Office of Geological and Mining Research and the Centre for Entomological Research.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: The University of Abomey-Calavi was selected by the World Bank in 2014 to participate in its Centres of Excellence project, owing to its expertise in applied mathematics. Within this project, the World Bank has loaned $8 million to Benin. The Association of African Universities has also received funds to enable it to co-ordinate knowledge-sharing among the 19 universities in West Africa involved in the project.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Rail transport in Benin consists of of single track, railway. Benin does not, at this time, share railway links with adjacent countries, but construction work has commenced on international lines connecting Benin with Niger and Nigeria, with outline plans announced for further connections to Togo and Burkina Faso. Benin will be a participant in the AfricaRail project.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Cadjehoun Airport, located at Cotonou, has direct international jet service to Accra, Niamey, Monrovia, Lagos, Ouagadougou, Lomé, and Douala, as well as other cities in Africa. Direct services also link Cotonou to Paris, Brussels, and Istanbul.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: The HIV/AIDS rate in Benin was estimated in 2013 at 1.13% of adults aged 15–49 years. Malaria is a problem in Benin, being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than five years.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Beninese literature had a strong oral tradition long before French became the dominant language. Félix Couchoro wrote the first Beninese novel, "L'Esclave" (The Slave), in 1929.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Post-independence, the country was home to a vibrant and innovative music scene, where native folk music combined with Ghanaian highlife, French cabaret, American rock, funk and soul, and Congolese rumba.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Singer Angélique Kidjo was born in Ouidah, Benin. Actor Djimon Hounsou was born in Cotonou, Benin. Composer Wally Badarou and singer Gnonnas Pedro are also of Beninese descent.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Biennale Benin, continuing the projects of several organizations and artists, started in the country in 2010 as a collaborative event called "Regard Benin". In 2012, the project became a Biennial coordinated by the Consortium, a federation of local associations. The international exhibition and artistic program of the 2012 Biennale Benin are curated by Abdellah Karroum and the Curatorial Delegation.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: A number of Beninese artists have received major international recognition, such as Georges Adéagbo, Meschac Gaba, Romuald Hazoumè, Dominique Zinkpè and Emo de Medeiros.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Many Beninese in the south of the country have Akan-based names indicating the day of the week on which they were born. This is due to influence of the Akan people such as the Akwamu and others.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Benin

Context: Football is generally considered the most popular sport in Benin. In the early 21st century, baseball was introduced to the country.

Question: Minä vuonna Benini on perustettu?


Phase (matter)

Context: Distinct phases may be described as different states of matter such as gas, liquid, solid, plasma or Bose–Einstein condensate. Useful mesophases between solid and liquid form other states of matter.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


Phase (matter)

Context: As many as eight immiscible liquid phases have been observed. Mutually immiscible liquid phases are formed from water (aqueous phase), hydrophobic organic solvents, perfluorocarbons (fluorous phase), silicones, several different metals, and also from molten phosphorus. Not all organic solvents are completely miscible, e.g. a mixture of ethylene glycol and toluene may separate into two distinct organic phases.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


Phase (matter)

Context: Phases do not need to macroscopically separate spontaneously. Emulsions and colloids are examples of immiscible phase pair combinations that do not physically separate.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


Phase (matter)

Context: Left to equilibration, many compositions will form a uniform single phase, but depending on the temperature and pressure even a single substance may separate into two or more distinct phases. Within each phase, the properties are uniform but between the two phases properties differ.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


Phase (matter)

Context: At room temperature and pressure, the water jar reaches equilibrium when the air over the water has a humidity of about 3%. This percentage increases as the temperature goes up. At 100 °C and atmospheric pressure, equilibrium is not reached until the air is 100% water. If the liquid is heated a little over 100 °C, the transition from liquid to gas will occur not only at the surface but throughout the liquid volume: the water boils.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


Phase (matter)

Context: For a given composition, only certain phases are possible at a given temperature and pressure. The number and type of phases that will form is hard to predict and is usually determined by experiment. The results of such experiments can be plotted in phase diagrams.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


Phase (matter)

Context: The phase diagram shown here is for a single component system. In this simple system, phases that are possible, depends only on pressure and temperature. The markings show points where two or more phases can co-exist in equilibrium. At temperatures and pressures away from the markings, there will be only one phase at equilibrium.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


Phase (matter)

Context: An unusual feature of the water phase diagram is that the solid–liquid phase line (illustrated by the dotted green line) has a negative slope. For most substances, the slope is positive as exemplified by the dark green line. This unusual feature of water is related to ice having a lower density than liquid water. Increasing the pressure drives the water into the higher density phase, which causes melting.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


Phase (matter)

Context: Another interesting though not unusual feature of the phase diagram is the point where the solid–liquid phase line meets the liquid–gas phase line. The intersection is referred to as the triple point. At the triple point, all three phases can coexist.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


Phase (matter)

Context: Between two phases in equilibrium there is a narrow region where the properties are not that of either phase. Although this region may be very thin, it can have significant and easily observable effects, such as causing a liquid to exhibit surface tension. In mixtures, some components may preferentially move toward the interface. In terms of modeling, describing, or understanding the behavior of a particular system, it may be efficacious to treat the interfacial region as a separate phase.

Question: Miten faasi määritellään?


History of the camera

Context: The history of the camera began even before the introduction of photography. Cameras evolved from the camera obscura through many generations of photographic technologydaguerreotypes, calotypes, dry plates, filmto the modern day with digital cameras and camera phones.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?


History of the camera

Context: The use of a lens in the opening of a wall or closed window shutter of a darkened room to project images used as a drawing aid has been traced back to circa 1550. Since the late 17th-century portable camera obscura devices in tents and boxes were used as a drawing aid.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?


History of the camera

Context: Ibn al-Haytam's writings on optics became very influential in Europe through Latin translations, inspiring people such as Witelo, John Peckham, Roger Bacon, Leonardo da Vinci, René Descartes and Johannes Kepler. Camera Obscura were used as drawing aids since at least circa 1550. Since the late 17th century, portable camera obscura devices in tents and boxes were used as drawing aids.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?


History of the camera

Context: For many years, exposure times were long enough that the photographer simply removed the lens cap, counted off the number of seconds (or minutes) estimated to be required by the lighting conditions, then replaced the cap. As more sensitive photographic materials became available, cameras began to incorporate mechanical shutter mechanisms that allowed very short and accurately timed exposures to be made.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?


History of the camera

Context: Films also made possible capture of motion (cinematography) establishing the movie industry by the end of the 19th century.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?


History of the camera

Context: The short exposure times that made candid photography possible also necessitated another innovation, the mechanical shutter. The very first shutters were separate accessories, though built-in shutters were common by the end of the 19th century.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?


History of the camera

Context: In 1900, Eastman took mass-market photography one step further with the Brownie, a simple and very inexpensive box camera that introduced the concept of the snapshot. The Brownie was extremely popular and various models remained on sale until the 1960s.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?


History of the camera

Context: Except for a few special types such as Schmidt cameras, most professional astrographs continued to use plates until the end of the 20th century when electronic photography replaced them.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?


History of the camera

Context: A number of manufacturers started to use 35 mm film for still photography between 1905 and 1913. The first 35 mm cameras available to the public, and reaching significant numbers in sales were the Tourist Multiple, in 1913, and the Simplex, in 1914.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?


History of the camera

Context: The fledgling Japanese camera industry began to take off in 1936 with the Canon 35 mm rangefinder, an improved version of the 1933 Kwanon prototype. Japanese cameras would begin to become popular in the West after Korean War veterans and soldiers stationed in Japan brought them back to the United States and elsewhere.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen kamera keksittiin?