Fall of Babylon

Context: A new system of government was put in place and the Persian multi-national state was developed. This system of government reached its peak after the conquest of Egypt by Cambyses II during the reign of Darius I, thereafter receiving its ideological foundation in the inscription of the Persian kings.

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: The Book of Daniel (2nd century BCE), chapter 5 relates the final night of Belshazzar, just before the Persian invasion. In the story, Belshazzar holds a feast, during which Belshazzar intends his guests to drink from the temple treasures from Jerusalem while praising Babylonian gods. He then sees a hand writing on the palace wall. Daniel is called to interpret the writing after Belshazzar's wise men are unable. Belshazzar is killed and Darius the Mede, a figure not known to history, becomes king ().

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: During his fourth prison term, Liu was awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize for "his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China."

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: Liu's mother, Zhang Suqin (), worked in the Northeast Normal University Nursery School. Liu Xiaobo was the third-born in a family of five boys.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In 1969, during the Down to the Countryside Movement, Liu's father took him to Horqin Right Front Banner, Inner Mongolia. His father was a professor who remained loyal to the Communist Party. After finishing middle school in 1974, he was sent to the countryside to work on a farm in Jilin.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In 1977, Liu was admitted to the Department of Chinese Literature at Jilin University, where he founded a poetry group known as "The Innocent Hearts" (赤子心詩社) with six schoolmates. In 1982, he graduated with a BA in literature before being admitted to the Department of Chinese Literature at Beijing Normal University as a research student, where he received an MA in literature in 1984, and started teaching as a lecturer thereafter. That year, he married Tao Li, with whom he had a son named Liu Tao in 1985.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In an article in "The New York Review of Books", Simon Leys wrote that Liu Xiaobo's perception of the West and its relationship to a modernizing China evolved during his travels in the United States and Europe in the 1980s.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In 2002, he reflected on his initial Maoist-flavored radical esthetic and political views in the 1980s:

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: Liu admitted in 2006 in another interview with "Open Magazine" (formerly known as "Liberation Monthly") that his 1988 response of "300 years of colonialism" was extemporaneous, although he did not intend to retract it, because it represented "an extreme expression of his longheld belief". The quote was nonetheless used against him. He has commented, "Even today [in 2006], radical patriotic 'angry youth' still frequently use these words to paint me with 'treason'."

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In his letter to his friend Liao Yiwu in 2000, he expressed his thoughts on the prospects of the democracy movement in China:

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In international affairs, he supported U.S. President George W. Bush's 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, his 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent reelection.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: He commented on Islamism that, "a culture and (religious) system that has produced this kind of threat (Islamic fundamentalism) must be inherently intolerant and bloodthirsty." He also criticized the Iraq prison abuse scandals. During the 2004 US presidential election, Liu again praised Bush for his war effort against Iraq and condemned Democratic Party candidate John Kerry for not sufficiently supporting the wars in which the U.S. was then involved.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: On Israel, he said "without America's protection, the long persecuted Jews who faced extermination during World War II, would probably be drowned once more by the Islamic world's hatred." He had defended U.S. policies in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which he thought was the fault of the "provocateur" Palestinians.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In January 1991, 19 months after his arrest, Liu Xiaobo was convicted of "counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement" but he was exempted from criminal punishment due to his "major meritorious action" for preventing what could have been a bloody confrontation in Tiananmen Square. After his release, he was divorced; both his ex-wife and son subsequently emigrated to the US. He resumed his writing, mostly on human rights and political issues, but was not allowed to publish them in Mainland China.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In 1992, while in Taiwan, he published his first book after his imprisonment, "The Monologues of a Doomsday's Survivor", a controversial memoir which contains his confessions and his political criticism of the popular movement in 1989.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In January 1993, Liu was invited to visit Australia and the United States for the interviews in the documentary film "The Gate of Heavenly Peace". Although many of his friends suggested that he take refuge abroad, Liu returned to China in May 1993 and continued his freelance writing.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In 1996, while he was still imprisoned in the labor camp, Liu married Liu Xia, who herself was not a prisoner. Because she was the only person from the outside allowed to visit him in prison, she was deemed his "most important link to the outside world."

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: After his release on 7 October 1999, Liu Xiaobo resumed his freelance writing. However, it was reported that the government built a sentry station next to his home and his phone calls and internet connections were tapped.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In January 2005, following the death of former Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang, who had shown sympathy towards the student demonstrations in 1989, Liu was immediately put under house arrest for two weeks before he learned about the death of Zhao. The same year, he published two more books in the US, "The Future of Free China Exists in Civil Society", and "Single-Blade Poisonous Sword: Criticism of Chinese Nationalism".

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: Liu's writing is considered subversive by the Chinese Communist Party, and his name is censored. He called for multi-party elections and free markets, advocated the values of freedom, supported separation of powers and urged the governments to be accountable for its wrongdoings. When not in prison, he was the subject of government monitoring and he was also put under house arrest during times that the government considered politically sensitive.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: Liu's human rights work received international recognition. In 2004, Reporters Without Borders awarded him the Fondation de France Prize as a defender of press freedom.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: Liu argued that his verdict violated both the Chinese constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations. He argued that charges against him of 'spreading rumors, slandering and in other ways inciting the subversion of the government and overturning the socialist system' were contrived, as he did not fabricate or create false information, nor did he besmirch the good name and character of others by merely expressing a point of view, a value judgment.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: In December 2009, the European Union and United States issued formal appeals calling for the unconditional release of Liu Xiaobo. China's government, responding to the international calls prior to the verdict, stated that other nations should "respect China's judicial sovereignty and not do things that will interfere in China's internal affairs".

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: On 14 September 2010, the Mayor of Reykjavík, Jón Gnarr, met on an unrelated matter with CPC Politburo member Liu Qi and demanded China set the dissident Liu Xiaobo free. Also that September Václav Havel, Dana Němcová and Václav Malý, leaders of Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution, published an open letter in the "International Herald Tribune" calling for the award to be given to Liu, while a petition began to circulate soon afterwards.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: On 15 October 2010, the "China News Service" indicated that in 2008 Liu had received a financial endowment from the National Endowment for Democracy, which is "a Washington-based nonprofit funded largely by the US Congress".

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: On 20 March 2011, the international literature festival called for a worldwide reading for Liu Xiaobo. More than 700 authors from all continents signed the appeal and over 150 institutions took part in the event.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: On 19 November 2013, his wife, Liu Xia, who was placed under house arrest shortly after Liu Xiaobo was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, filed an appeal for Liu Xiaobo's retrial. This move has been called "extraordinary" because the action could refocus the world's attention on China's human rights record.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: According to her attorney, Mo Shaoping, Liu Xia visited her husband in Jinzhou Prison in Liaoning and gained his approval before filing this motion.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: China also imposed travel restrictions on known dissidents ahead of the ceremony. A Chinese group announced that its answer to the Nobel Peace Prize, the Confucius Peace Prize, would be awarded to former Taiwanese Vice-President Lien Chan for the bridge of peace which he has been building between Taiwan and Mainland China. Lien Chan himself denied any knowledge of the $15,000 prize.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: Liu Xiaobo died on 13 July 2017 in Shenyang's First Hospital of China Medical University from liver cancer.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: On the early morning of 15 July 2017, a brief funeral service was held for Liu which Liu's body was cremated following a short mourning service. Liu's mourning ceremony and funeral were heavily stage-managed as friends and supporters had been warned that public funeral or memorial would not be tolerated.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: All the questions international journalists have been asking about Liu failed to appear in official transcripts of news briefings by the Chinese foreign ministry.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: Germany, UK, France, the United States, Taiwan and the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein, called for the People's Republic of China to allow Liu Xiaobo's wife Liu Xia to travel and leave the country if she wishes.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: The funeral was organized in a heavy-handed fashion in which Chinese government attempted to defend their treatment of Liu and his wife, even though it was clear they and their family members were under perpetual surveillance. Although the funeral was attended by a brother of Ms. Liu and two of Mr. Liu's brothers and their wives, none of Liu's friends could be identified from official photographs of the mourners.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: A government spokesman said: "Liu Xia is free now, [but was] grief-stricken and doesn't need to be disturbed" However, she has been out of sight since the video of Liu's sea burial.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: *Excellent Award (2004) for an article "Corrupted News is not News", published on Open Magazine, January 2004 issue

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: *Grand Prize (2005) for an article "Paradise of the Powerful, Hell of the Vulnerable" on Open Magazine, September 2004 issue

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: *Excellent Award (2006) for "The Causes and Ending of Shanwei Bloodshed" on Open Magazine, January 2006

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Liu Xiaobo

Context: A statue of Liu Xiaobo in Hong Kong was removed in November 2021 after the police objected to its presence.

Question: 류샤오보의 고향은 어디인가?


Joint Network Node

Context: The JNN system includes communication equipment mounted in shelters on HMMWVs, called JNN shelters, satellite terminals mounted on trailers, and communication equipment mounted in transit cases. There are two classes of transit case equipment: Brigade Cases and Battalion Cases.

Question: JNN은 어느 나라 방송사인가?


Joint Network Node

Context: The system's core is a Promina switch and cisco routers, with NIPRNet and SIPRNet capabilities, plus secure and non-secure voice systems, VTC, and the ability to link in older "legacy" systems, such as MSE, into the global network.

Question: JNN은 어느 나라 방송사인가?


Joint Network Node

Context: As a JNN operator, the JNN is run by a 5K generator, which can be on any of 3 phases for power while operating the JNN. The JNN is most commonly with a battalion or brigade element in the field. It is an ATH(at the halt) piece of equipment.

Question: JNN은 어느 나라 방송사인가?


Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster

Context: This no-threshold epidemiology problem is not unique to Chernobyl, and similarly hinders attempts to estimate low level radon pollution, air pollution and natural sunlight exposures. Determining the elevated risk or total number of deaths from very low doses is completely subjective, and while much higher values would be detectable, lower values are outside the statistical significant reach of empirical science and are expected to remain unknowable.

Question: 체르노빌 원전 사고로 사망한 인원은 몇 명인가?


Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster

Context: There have been no validated increases in solid cancer reported from the liquidator cohorts. The liquidators were adult at exposure and the vast majority of them received doses under 100 mSv, which is lower than many expect.

Question: 체르노빌 원전 사고로 사망한 인원은 몇 명인가?


Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster

Context: Note also that a paper in Science states there is no transgenerational effect of radiation in children born of those working as liquidators. This study used whole genome sequencing in a cohort of parent and child blood samples.

Question: 체르노빌 원전 사고로 사망한 인원은 몇 명인가?


Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster

Context: However—as an April 2006 special report in the peer-reviewed, scientific journal "Nature" detailed in response—the accuracy and precision of this United Nations-led joint group's projected death toll of 4,000 were immediately contested, with several of the very scientists, physicians, and biomedical consortia whose work the joint group had cited alleging publicly that the joint group had either misrepresented their work or interpreted it out of context.

Question: 체르노빌 원전 사고로 사망한 인원은 몇 명인가?


Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster

Context: The uncertain and contested mortality rate of the Chernobyl liquidators is a major factor in the lack of consensus on the Chernobyl disaster's accurate death toll. Following the disaster itself, the Soviet Union organized an effort to stabilize and seal off the reactor area, still awash in radiation, using the efforts of an estimated 600,000 "liquidators" recruited or conscripted from all over the Soviet Union.

Question: 체르노빌 원전 사고로 사망한 인원은 몇 명인가?


Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster

Context: Since the 1990s—when the declassification of selected liquidator records prompted some direct participants to speak publicly—some with direct involvement in the liquidators' cleanup efforts have asserted that several thousand liquidators died as a result of the cleanup. Other organizations claim that total liquidator deaths as a result of the cleanup operation may number at least 6,000.

Question: 체르노빌 원전 사고로 사망한 인원은 몇 명인가?


Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster

Context: Greenpeace projected up to a million excess, cancer-related deaths from the Chernobyl disaster. The Chernobyl Forum, the WHO, and other international agencies do not accept this number.

Question: 체르노빌 원전 사고로 사망한 인원은 몇 명인가?


Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster

Context: For their part, the United Nations and some prominent Chernobyl disaster scholars continue to discount as mistaken or Radiophobic such evacuee claims of additional, short-term, direct deaths due to accident-attributable trauma or radiation sickness not counted in the official tallies of the accident's death toll.

Question: 체르노빌 원전 사고로 사망한 인원은 몇 명인가?


Deaths due to the Chernobyl disaster

Context: The 31 persons listed in the table below are those whose deaths the Soviet Union included in its official roster—released in the latter half of 1986—of casualties directly attributable to the disaster.

Question: 체르노빌 원전 사고로 사망한 인원은 몇 명인가?


Nepal

Context: By 55,000 years ago, the first modern humans had arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa, where they had earlier evolved. The earliest known modern human remains in South Asia date to about 30,000 years ago. The oldest discovered archaeological evidence of human settlements in Nepal dates to around the same time.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: The Hindu practice of Sati, in which a widow sacrificed herself in the funeral pyre of her husband, was banned in 1919, and slavery was officially abolished in 1924. Rana rule was marked by tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation and religious persecution.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: In 1996, the Maoist Party started a violent bid to replace the royal parliamentary system with a people's republic. This led to the long Nepali Civil War and more than 16,000 deaths. With the death of both the King and the Crown Prince in a massacre in the royal palace, King Birendra's brother Gyanendra inherited the throne in 2001 and subsequently assumed full executive powers aiming to quash the Maoist insurgency himself.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: The Maoist Party joined mainstream politics following the success of the peaceful democratic revolution of 2006; Nepal became a secular state, and on 28 May 2008, it was declared a federal republic, ending its time-honoured status as the world's only Hindu kingdom. After a decade of instability and internal strife which saw two constituent assembly elections, the new constitution was promulgated on 20 September 2015, making Nepal a federal democratic republic divided into seven provinces.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Nepal has five climatic zones, broadly corresponding to the altitudes. The tropical and subtropical zones lie below , the temperate zone , the cold zone , the subarctic zone , and the Arctic zone above . Nepal experiences five seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. The Himalayas block cold winds from Central Asia in the winter and form the northern limits of the monsoon wind patterns.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Among the notable trees, are the astringent "Azadirachta indica", or "neem", which is widely used in traditional herbal medicine, and the luxuriant "Ficus religiosa", or "peepal", which is displayed on the ancient seals of Mohenjo-daro, and under which Gautam Buddha is recorded in the Pali canon to have sought enlightenment.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Nepal is governed according to the Constitution of Nepal. It defines Nepal as having multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-cultural characteristics with common aspirations of people living in diverse geographical regions, and being committed to and united by a bond of allegiance to the national independence, territorial integrity, national interest, and prosperity of Nepal.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Nepal is a federal republic comprising 7 provinces. Each province is composed of 8 to 14 districts. The districts, in turn, comprise local units known as urban and rural municipalities. There is a total of 753 local units which includes 6 metropolitan municipalities, 11 sub-metropolitan municipalities and 276 municipalities for a total of 293 urban municipalities, and 460 rural municipalities. Each local unit is composed of wards. There are 6,743 wards in total.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: The local governments enjoy executive and legislative as well as limited judicial powers in their local jurisdiction. The provinces have unicameral parliamentary Westminster system of governance. The local and provincial governments exercise some absolute powers and some powers shared with provincial and/or federal government. The district coordination committee, a committee composed of all elected officials from the local governments in the district, has a very limited role.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Nepal's gross domestic product (GDP) for 2019 was $34.186 billion. With an annual growth rate calculated at 6.6% in 2019, and expected 2.89% in 2021, Nepal is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. The country ranks 165th in the world in nominal GDP per capita and 162nd in GDP per capita at PPP. Nepal has been a member of WTO since 23 April 2004.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Besides having landlocked, rugged geography, few tangible natural resources and poor infrastructure, the ineffective post-1950 government and the long-running civil war are also factors in stunting the country's economic growth and development. Debt bondage even involving debtors' children has been a persistent social problem in the western hills and the Terai, with an estimated 234,600 people or 0.82% of the population considered as enslaved, by The Global Slavery Index in 2016.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: In 2022, Nepal limited import of non-essential goods after its foreign currency reserves dropped. COVID-19 pandemic caused a decline in tourism spending and the money sent home by Nepalis working abroad, which in turn lowered country's foreign currency reserve.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Nepal's diverse linguistic heritage stems from three major language groups: Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman, and various indigenous language isolates. The major languages of Nepal (percent spoken as native language) according to the 2011 census are Nepali (44.6%), Maithili (11.7%), Bhojpuri (6.0%), Tharu (5.8%), Tamang (5.1%), Nepal Bhasa (3.2%), Bajjika (3%) and Magar (3.0%), Doteli (3.0%), Urdu (2.6%), Awadhi (1.89%), and Sunwar. Nepal is home to at least four indigenous sign languages.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Around 2,000 immigrants, half of them Chinese, applied for a work permit in 2018/19. The government lacks data on Indian immigrants as they do not require permits to live and work in Nepal; Government of India puts the number of Non-Resident Indians in the country at 600,000.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Many Nepali festivals are religious in origin. The best known include: Dashain, Tihar, Teej, Chhath, Maghi, Sakela, Holi, Eid ul-Fitr, Christmas, and the Nepali new year.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: The emblem of Nepal depicts the snowy Himalayas, the forested hills, and the fertile Terai, supported by a wreath of rhododendrons, with the national flag at the crest and in the foreground, a plain white map of Nepal below it, and a man's and woman's right hands joined to signify gender equality. At the bottom is the national motto, a Sanskrit quote of patriotism attributed in Nepali folklore to Lord Rama, written in Devanagari script—"Mother and motherland are greater than heaven".

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: The president is the symbol of national unity. The martyrs are the symbols of patriotism. Commanders of the Anglo-Nepalese war, Amar Singh Thapa, Bhakti Thapa, and Balbhadra Kunwar are considered war heroes. A special designation of "National hero" has been conferred to 16 people from Nepal's history for their exceptional contributions to the prestige of Nepal. Prithvi Narayan Shah, the founder of modern Nepal, is held in high regard and considered "Father of the Nation" by many.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Maruni, Lakhey, Sakela, Kauda and Tamang Selo are some examples of the traditional Nepali music and dance in the hilly regions of Nepal.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Nepal Academy is the foremost institution for the promotion of arts and culture in Nepal, established in 1957.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: Married Hindu women wear , , and red bangles. Jewellery of gold and silver, and sometimes precious stones, are common. Gold jewellery includes and worn with the by the Hindus, (a huge gold flower worn on the head) and Nessey (huge flattened gold earrings) worn by the Limbus, and , and worn by the Magars. Tharu women can wear as much as six kilograms of silver in jewellery, which includes worn on the head, the forehead, and and around the neck.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Nepal

Context: In the last 50 years, fashions have changed a great deal in Nepal. Increasingly, in urban settings, the sari is no longer the apparel of everyday wear, transformed instead into one for formal occasions. The traditional kurta suruwal is rarely worn by younger women, who increasingly favour jeans. The "dhoti" has largely been reduced to the liturgical vestment of shamans and Hindu priests.

Question: 네팔 수도는 어딘가요?


Television

Context: Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: The word "television" comes . The first documented usage of the term dates back to 1900, when the Russian scientist Constantin Perskyi used it in a paper that he presented in French at the first International Congress of Electricity, which ran from 18 to 25 August 1900 during the International World Fair in Paris.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: The anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907, when it was still "...a theoretical system to transmit moving images over telegraph or telephone wires". It was "...formed in English or borrowed from French ." In the 19th century and early 20th century, other "...proposals for the name of a then-hypothetical technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote (1880) and televista (1904)."

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: The abbreviation "TV" is from 1948. The use of the term to mean "a television set" dates from 1941. The use of the term to mean "television as a medium" dates from 1927.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: The slang term "telly" is more common in the UK. The slang term "the tube" or the "boob tube" derives from the bulky cathode-ray tube used on most TVs until the advent of flat-screen TVs. Another slang term for the TV is "idiot box".

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: In 1911, Boris Rosing and his student Vladimir Zworykin created a system that used a mechanical mirror-drum scanner to transmit, in Zworykin's words, "very crude images" over wires to the "Braun tube" (cathode-ray tube or "CRT") in the receiver. Moving images were not possible because, in the scanner: "the sensitivity was not enough and the selenium cell was very laggy".

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: By 1927 Theremin had achieved an image of 100 lines, a resolution that was not surpassed until May 1932 by RCA, with 120 lines.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: On 25 December 1926 Kenjiro Takayanagi demonstrated a television system with 40-line resolution that employed a Nipkow disk scanner and CRT display at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan. This prototype is still on display at the Takayanagi Memorial Museum in Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu Campus. His research in creating a production model was halted by the SCAP after World War II.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: In the 1930s, Allen B. DuMont made the first CRTs to last 1,000 hours of use, which was one of the factors that led to the widespread adoption of television.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: The world's first 625-line television standard was designed in the Soviet Union in 1944 and became a national standard in 1946. The first broadcast in 625-line standard occurred in Moscow in 1948. The concept of 625 lines per frame was subsequently implemented in the European CCIR standard. In 1936, Kálmán Tihanyi described the principle of plasma display, the first flat panel display system.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: Early color sets were either floor-standing console models or tabletop versions nearly as bulky and heavy, so in practice they remained firmly anchored in one place. GE's relatively compact and lightweight Porta-Color set was introduced in the spring of 1966. It used a transistor-based UHF tuner. The first fully transistorized color television in the United States was the Quasar television introduced in 1967. These developments made watching color television a more flexible and convenient proposition.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: A digital television service was proposed in 1986 by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) and the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunication (MPT) in Japan, where there were plans to develop an "Integrated Network System" service. However, it was not possible to practically implement such a digital television service until the adoption of DCT video compression technology made it possible in the early 1990s.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: The direct-broadcast satellite television signals were earlier analog signals and later digital signals, both of which require a compatible receiver. Digital signals may include high-definition television (HDTV). Some transmissions and channels are free-to-air or free-to-view, while many other channels are pay television requiring a subscription.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: In 1945, British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke proposed a worldwide communications system which would function by means of three satellites equally spaced apart in earth orbit. This was published in the October 1945 issue of the "Wireless World" magazine and won him the Franklin Institute's Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1963.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: The first satellite television signals from Europe to North America were relayed via the Telstar satellite over the Atlantic ocean on 23 July 1962. The signals were received and broadcast in North American and European countries and watched by over 100 million. Launched in 1962, the "Relay 1" satellite was the first satellite to transmit television signals from the US to Japan. The first geosynchronous communication satellite, Syncom 2, was launched on 26 July 1963.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: The first in a series of Soviet geostationary satellites to carry Direct-To-Home television, Ekran 1, was launched on 26 October 1976. It used a 714 MHz UHF downlink frequency so that the transmissions could be received with existing UHF television technology rather than microwave technology.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: The earliest systems employed a spinning disk to create and reproduce images. These usually had a low resolution and screen size and never became popular with the public.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large television displays or larger. They are called "plasma" displays because the technology uses small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases, or what are in essence chambers more commonly known as fluorescent lamps.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: There are two main groups of OLED: those based on small molecules and those employing polymers. Adding mobile ions to an OLED creates a light-emitting electrochemical cell or LEC, which has a slightly different mode of operation. OLED displays can use either passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix (AMOLED) addressing schemes. Active-matrix OLEDs require a thin-film transistor backplane to switch each individual pixel on or off, but allow for higher resolution and larger display sizes.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: An OLED display works without a backlight. Thus, it can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than a liquid crystal display (LCD). In low ambient light conditions such as a dark room an OLED screen can achieve a higher contrast ratio than an LCD, whether the LCD uses cold cathode fluorescent lamps or LED backlight. OLEDs are expected to replace other forms of display in near future.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: High-definition television (HDTV) provides a resolution that is substantially higher than that of standard-definition television.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: North American consumers purchase a new television set on average every seven years, and the average household owns 2.8 televisions. , 48 million are sold each year at an average price of $460 and size of .

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: Getting TV programming shown to the public can happen in many other ways. After production, the next step is to market and deliver the product to whichever markets are open to using it. This typically happens on two levels:

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: Television genres include a broad range of programming types that entertain, inform, and educate viewers. The most expensive entertainment genres to produce are usually dramas and dramatic miniseries. However, other genres, such as historical Western genres, may also have high production costs.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: Some TV channels are partly funded from subscriptions; therefore, the signals are encrypted during broadcast to ensure that only the paying subscribers have access to the decryption codes to watch pay television or specialty channels. Most subscription services are also funded by advertising.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: Television services in some countries may be funded by a television licence or a form of taxation, which means that advertising plays a lesser role or no role at all. For example, some channels may carry no advertising at all and some very little, including:

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: In France, government-funded channels carry advertisements, yet those who own television sets have to pay an annual tax ("la redevance audiovisuelle").

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: In Japan, NHK is paid for by license fees (known in Japanese as ). The broadcast law that governs NHK's funding stipulates that any television equipped to receive NHK is required to pay. The fee is standardized, with discounts for office workers and students who commute, as well a general discount for residents of Okinawa prefecture.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: Broadcast programming, or TV listings in the United Kingdom, is the practice of organizing television programs in a schedule, with broadcast automation used to regularly change the scheduling of TV programs to build an audience for a new show, retain that audience, or compete with other broadcasters' programs.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: A 2017 study in "The Journal of Human Resources", found that exposure to cable television reduced cognitive ability and high school graduation rates for boys. This effect was stronger for boys from more educated families. The article suggests a mechanism where light television entertainment crowds out more cognitively stimulating activities.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Television

Context: With high lead content in CRTs and the rapid diffusion of new flat-panel display technologies, some of which (LCDs) use lamps which contain mercury, there is growing concern about electronic waste from discarded televisions. Related occupational health concerns exist, as well, for disassemblers removing copper wiring and other materials from CRTs. Further environmental concerns related to television design and use relate to the devices' increasing electrical energy requirements.

Question: 디지털 텔레비전이 처음 출시된 해는 언제인가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today, the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine Empire survived, and although lessened in strength, remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: While the loss of political unity and military control is universally acknowledged, the Fall is not the only unifying concept for these events; the period described as late antiquity emphasizes the cultural continuities throughout and beyond the political collapse.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Since 1776, when Edward Gibbon published the first volume of his "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", Decline and Fall has been the theme around which much of the history of the Roman Empire has been structured. "From the eighteenth century onward," historian Glen Bowersock wrote, "we have been obsessed with the fall: it has been valued as an archetype for every perceived decline, and, hence, as a symbol for our own fears."

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: The Fall is not the only unifying concept for events of this time period; the period described as Late Antiquity emphasizes the cultural continuities throughout and beyond the political collapse.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: A recent synthesis gives four decisive turns of events in the transformation from the height of the empire to the early Middle Ages:

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: From 376, massive populations moved into the Empire, driven by the Huns who themselves may have been driven by climate change in the Eurasian steppe, These barbarian invasions led ultimately to barbarian kingdoms over much of the former territory of the Western Empire. But the final blow came only with the Late Antique Little Ice Age and its aftermath, when Rome was already politically fragmented and materially depleted.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: From about 150, the climate became on average somewhat worse for most of the inhabited lands around the Mediterranean. Heavy mortality in 165–180 from the Antonine Plague seriously impaired attempts to repel Germanic invaders, but the legions generally held or at least speedily re-instated the borders of the Empire.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: The Empire survived the "Crisis of the Third Century", directing its economy successfully towards defense, but survival came at the price of a more centralized and bureaucratic state. Under Gallienus (Emperor from 253 to 268) the senatorial aristocracy ceased joining the ranks of the senior military commanders. Its typical members lacked interest in military service, and showed incompetence at command.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Until late in the fourth century, the united Empire retained sufficient power to launch powerful attacks against its enemies in Germania and in the Sasanian Empire. "Receptio" of barbarians became widely practised: imperial authorities admitted potentially hostile groups into the Empire, split them up, and allotted to them lands, status, and duties within the imperial system.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: In this way many groups provided unfree workers ("coloni") for Roman landowners, and recruits ("laeti") for the Roman army. Sometimes their leaders became officers. Normally the Romans managed the process carefully, with sufficient military force on hand to ensure compliance. Cultural assimilation followed over the next generation or two.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Julian's successor Jovian, acclaimed by a demoralized army, began his brief reign (363–364) while trapped in Mesopotamia without supplies. To purchase safe passage home, he had to concede areas of northern Mesopotamia, including the strategically important fortress of Nisibis. This fortress had been Roman since before the Peace of Nisibis in 299.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Valentinian died of an apoplexy while shouting at envoys of Germanic leaders. His successors in the West were children, his sons Gratian (r. 375–383) and Valentinian II (r. 375–392). Gratian, "alien from the art of government both by temperament and by training", removed the Altar of Victory from the Senate House. He also rejected the pagan title of Pontifex Maximus.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: In 406, Stilicho heard of new invaders and rebels who had appeared in the northern provinces. He insisted on making peace with Alaric, probably on the basis that Alaric would prepare to move either against the Eastern court or against the rebels in Gaul. The Senate deeply resented peace with Alaric.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Alaric's military operations centred on the port of Rome, through which Rome's grain supply had to pass. Alaric's first siege of Rome in 408 caused dreadful famine within the walls. It was ended by a payment that, though large, was less than one of the richest senators could have produced. The super-rich aristocrats made little contribution; pagan temples were stripped of ornaments to make up the total. With promises of freedom, Alaric also recruited many of the slaves in Rome.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Alaric withdrew to Tuscany and recruited more slaves. Ataulf, a Goth nominally in Roman service and brother-in-law to Alaric, marched through Italy to join Alaric. He took casualties from a small force of Hunnic mercenaries led by Olympius. Sarus was an enemy of Ataulf, and on Ataulf's arrival went back into imperial service.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Procopius mentions a story in which Honorius, on hearing the news that Rome had "perished", was shocked. The emperor thought that the news was in reference to his favorite chicken, which he had named "Roma". On hearing that Rome itself had fallen, he breathed a sigh of relief:

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Alaric then moved south, intending to sail to Africa. His ships were wrecked in a storm, and he shortly died of fever. His successor Athaulf, still regarded as an usurper and given only occasional and short-term grants of supplies, moved north into the turmoil of Gaul. In this region, there was some prospect of food. His supergroup of barbarians are called the Visigoths in modern works: they may now have been developing their own sense of identity.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: 405–418 in the Gallic provinces; barbarians and usurpers, loss of Britannia, partial loss of Hispania and Gaul.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: The Crossing of the Rhine in 405/6 brought unmanageable numbers of Germanic and Alan barbarians (perhaps some 30,000 warriors, 100,000 people) into Gaul. They may have been trying to get away from the Huns, who about this time advanced to occupy the Great Hungarian Plain. For the next few years these barbarian tribes wandered in search of food and employment, while Roman forces fought each other in the name of Honorius and a number of competing claimants to the imperial throne.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: In 410, the Roman civitates of Britannia rebelled against Constantine and evicted his officials. They asked for help from Honorius, who replied that they should look to their own defence. While the British may have regarded themselves as Roman for several generations, and British armies may at times have fought in Gaul, no central Roman government is known to have appointed officials in Britannia thereafter. The supply of coinage to the Diocese of Britannia ceases with Honorius.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Heraclianus was still in command in the diocese of Africa. He was the last member of the clique which had overthrown Stilicho to retain power. In 413 he led an invasion of Italy, and lost to a subordinate of Constantius. He then fled back to Africa, where he was murdered by Constantius's agents.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Constantius had married the princess Galla Placidia (despite her protests) in 417. The couple soon had two children, Honoria and Valentinian III. Constantius was elevated to the position of Augustus in 420. This earned him the hostility of the Eastern court, which had not agreed to his elevation. Nevertheless, Constantius had achieved an unassailable position at the Western court, in the imperial family, and as the able commander-in-chief of a partially restored army.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Vegetius's advice on re-forming an effective army may be dated to the early 430s, (though a date in the 390s has also been suggested). He identified many deficiencies in the military, especially mentioning that the soldiers were no longer properly equipped:

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Gildas, a 6th-century monk and author of "De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae", wrote that "No sooner were the ravages of the enemy checked, than the island [Britain] was deluged with a most extraordinary plenty of all things, greater than was before known, and with it grew up every kind of luxury and licentiousness."

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Nevertheless, effective imperial protection from barbarian ravages was eagerly sought. About this time authorities in Britannia asked Aetius for help: "To Aetius, now consul for the third time: the groans of the Britons." And again a little further, thus: "The barbarians drive us to the sea; the sea throws us back on the barbarians: thus two modes of death await us, we are either slain or drowned." The Romans, however, could not assist them..."

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: The Visigoths passed another waymark on their journey to full independence; they made their own foreign policy, sending princesses to make (rather unsuccessful) marriage alliances with Rechiar of the Sueves and with Huneric, son of the Vandal king Genseric.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: The losses of income from the Diocese of Africa were equivalent to the costs of nearly 40,000 infantry or over 20,000 cavalry. The imperial regime had to increase taxes. Despite admitting that the peasantry could pay no more, and that a sufficient army could not be raised, the imperial regime protected the interests of landowners displaced from Africa and allowed wealthy individuals to avoid taxes.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: In 444, the Huns were united under Attila. His subjects included Huns, outnumbered several times over by other groups, predominantly Germanic peoples. His power rested partly on his continued ability to reward his favoured followers with precious metals, and he continued to attack the Eastern Empire until 450, by when he had extracted vast sums of money and many other concessions.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: The Vandals conquered Sicily. Their fleet became a constant danger to Roman sea trade, and to the coasts and islands of the western Mediterranean.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Majorian and Ricimer were now in control of Italy. Ricimer was the son of a Suevic king, and his mother was the daughter of a Gothic one, so he could not aspire to an imperial throne. After some months, allowing for negotiation with the new emperor of Constantinople and the defeat of 900 Alamannic invaders of Italy by one of his subordinates, Majorian was acclaimed as Augustus.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Ricimer then quarreled with Anthemius, and besieged him in Rome, which surrendered in July 472, after more months of starvation. Anthemius was captured and executed (on Ricimer's orders) by the Burgundian prince Gundobad. In August, Ricimer died of a pulmonary haemorrhage. Olybrius, his new emperor, named Gundobad as his patrician, then shortly died himself.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: In 475, Orestes promised land in Italy to various Germanic mercenaries, Heruli, Scirian and Torcilingi, in exchange for their support. He drove Julius Nepos out of Ravenna and proclaimed his own son Flavius Momyllus Romulus Augustus (Romulus Augustulus) as Emperor, on October 31. His surname 'Augustus' was given the diminutive form 'Augustulus' by rivals, because he was still a minor. Romulus was never recognized outside Italy as a legitimate ruler.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: The mostly powerless, but still influential Western Roman Senate continued to exist in the city of Rome under the rule of the Ostrogothic kingdom and, later, the Byzantine Empire for at least another century, before disappearing at an unknown date in the early 7th century.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Context: Observing the cultural and archaeological continuities through and beyond the period of lost political control, the process has been described as a complex cultural transformation, rather than a fall.

Question: 로마는 언제 멸망했는가?


Belarusian language

Context: The North-Eastern dialect is chiefly characterized by the "soft sounding R" () and "strong akanye" (), and the South-Western dialect is chiefly characterized by the "hard sounding R" () and "moderate akanye" ().

Question: 벨라루스 공화국의 국어는 무엇인가?


Belarusian language

Context: The West Polesian dialect group is separated from the rest of the country by the conventional line Pruzhany–Ivatsevichy–Telekhany–Luninyets–Stolin.

Question: 벨라루스 공화국의 국어는 무엇인가?


Belarusian language

Context: One of the important manifestations of this conflict was the struggle for ideological control over the educational system. The Polish and Russian languages were being introduced and re-introduced, while the general state of the people's education remained poor until the very end of the Russian Empire.

Question: 벨라루스 공화국의 국어는 무엇인가?


Belarusian language

Context: As the outcome of the conference, the Orthographic Commission was created to prepare the project of the actual reform. This was instigated on 1 October 1927, headed by S. Nyekrashevich, with the following principal guidelines of its work adopted:

Question: 벨라루스 공화국의 국어는 무엇인가?


Belarusian language

Context: There had been some post-facto speculations, too, that the 1930 project of the reform (as prepared by people who were no longer seen as politically "clean"), had been given for the "purification" to the "nats-dems" competition in the Academy of Sciences, which would explain the "block" nature of the differences between the 1930 and 1933 versions. Peculiarly, Yan Stankyevich in his notable critique of the reform [Stank 1936] failed to mention the 1930 project, dating the reform project to 1932.

Question: 벨라루스 공화국의 국어는 무엇인가?


Belarusian language

Context: The reform had been accompanied by a fervent press campaign directed against the "nats-dems not yet giving up."

Question: 벨라루스 공화국의 국어는 무엇인가?


Belarusian language

Context: Many of the changes in the orthography proper ("stronger principle of AH-ing," "no redundant soft sign," "uniform "nye" and "byez"") were, in fact, simply implementations of earlier proposals made by people who had subsequently suffered political suppression (e.g., Yazep Lyosik, Lastowski, Nyekrashevich, 1930 project). [Padluzhny 2004]

Question: 벨라루스 공화국의 국어는 무엇인가?


Belarusian language

Context: The morphological principle in the orthography had been strengthened, which also had been proposed in 1920s.

Question: 벨라루스 공화국의 국어는 무엇인가?


Belarusian language

Context: However, the reformed grammar and orthography had been used, too, for example during the process of Siarhei Prytytski in 1936.

Question: 벨라루스 공화국의 국어는 무엇인가?


Sunburn

Context: Sun protective measures including sunscreen and sun protective clothing are widely accepted to prevent sunburn and some types of skin cancer. Special populations, including children, are especially susceptible to sunburn and protective measures should be used to prevent damage.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: Typically, there is initial redness, followed by varying degrees of pain, proportional in severity to both the duration and intensity of exposure.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: Minor sunburns typically cause nothing more than slight redness and tenderness to the affected areas. In more serious cases, blistering can occur. Extreme sunburns can be painful to the point of debilitation and may require hospital care.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: After the exposure, skin may turn red in as little as 30 minutes but most often takes 2 to 6 hours. Pain is usually strongest 6 to 48 hours after exposure. The burn continues to develop for 1 to 3 days, occasionally followed by peeling skin in 3 to 8 days. Some peeling and itching may continue for several weeks.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: Ultraviolet radiation causes sunburns and increases the risk of three types of skin cancer: melanoma, basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma. Of greatest concern is that the melanoma risk increases in a dose-dependent manner with the number of a person's lifetime cumulative episodes of sunburn. It has been estimated that over 1/3 of melanomas in the United States and Australia could be prevented with regular sunscreen use.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: Skin type determines the ease of sunburn. In general, people with lighter skin tone and limited capacity to develop a tan after UV radiation exposure have a greater risk of sunburn. The Fitzpatrick's Skin phototypes classification describes the normal variations of skin responses to UV radiation. Persons with type I skin have the greatest capacity to sunburn and type VI have the least capacity to burn. However, all skin types can develop sunburn.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: Age also affects how skin reacts to sun. Children younger than six and adults older than sixty are more sensitive to sunlight.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: There are certain genetic conditions, for example xeroderma pigmentosum, that increase a person's susceptibility to sunburn and subsequent skin cancers. These conditions involve defects in DNA repair mechanisms which in turn decreases the ability to repair DNA that has been damaged by UV radiation.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The risk of a sunburn can be increased by pharmaceutical products that sensitize users to UV radiation. Certain antibiotics, oral contraceptives, antidepressants, acne medications, and tranquillizers have this effect.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The UV Index indicates the risk of getting a sunburn at a given time and location. Contributing factors include:

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The skin and eyes are most sensitive to damage by UV at 265–275 nm wavelength, which is in the lower UVC band that is almost never encountered except from artificial sources like welding arcs. Most sunburn is caused by longer wavelengths, simply because those are more prevalent in sunlight at ground level.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: In recent decades, the incidence and severity of sunburn have increased worldwide, partly because of chemical damage to the atmosphere's ozone layer. Between the 1970s and the 2000s, average stratospheric ozone decreased by approximately 4%, contributing an approximate 4% increase to the average UV intensity at the earth's surface. Ozone depletion and the seasonal "ozone hole" have led to much larger changes in some locations, especially in the southern hemisphere.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: Suntans, which naturally develop in some individuals as a protective mechanism against the sun, are viewed by most in the Western world as desirable. This has led to an overall increase in exposure to UV radiation from both the natural sun and tanning lamps. Suntans can provide a modest sun protection factor (SPF) of 3, meaning that tanned skin would tolerate up to three times the UV exposure as pale skin.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The World Health Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, and the Skin Cancer Foundation recommend avoiding artificial UV sources such as tanning beds, and do not recommend suntans as a form of sun protection.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The differential diagnosis of sunburn includes other skin pathology induced by UV radiation including photoallergic reactions, phototoxic reactions to topical or systemic medications, and other dermatologic disorders that are aggravated by exposure to sunlight. Considerations for diagnosis include duration and intensity of UV exposure, use of topical or systemic medications, history of dermatologic disease, and nutritional status.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The most effective way to prevent sunburn is to reduce the amount of UV radiation reaching the skin. The World Health Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, and Skin Cancer Foundation recommend the following measures to prevent excessive UV exposure and skin cancer:

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The strength of sunlight is published in many locations as a UV Index. Sunlight is generally strongest when the sun is close to the highest point in the sky. Due to time zones and daylight saving time, this is not necessarily at 12 noon, but often one to two hours later. Seeking shade including using umbrellas and canopies can reduce the amount of UV exposure, but does not block all UV rays. The WHO recommends following the shadow rule: "Watch your shadow – Short shadow, seek shade!"

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: Sunscreen is effective and thus recommended for preventing melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. There is little evidence that it is effective in preventing basal cell carcinoma. Typical use of sunscreen does not usually result in vitamin D deficiency, but extensive usage may.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The eyes are also sensitive to sun exposure at about the same UV wavelengths as skin; snow blindness is essentially sunburn of the cornea. Wrap-around sunglasses or the use by spectacle-wearers of glasses that block UV light reduce the harmful radiation. UV light has been implicated in the development of age-related macular degeneration, pterygium and cataract. Concentrated clusters of melanin, commonly known as freckles, are often found within the iris.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The lips can become chapped (cheilitis) by sun exposure. Sunscreen on the lips does not have a pleasant taste and might be removed by saliva. Some lip balms (ChapSticks) have SPF ratings and contain sunscreens.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The skin of the feet is often tender and protected, so sudden prolonged exposure to UV radiation can be particularly painful and damaging to the top of the foot. Protective measures include sunscreen, socks, and swimwear or swimgear that covers the foot.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: Dietary factors influence susceptibility to sunburn, recovery from sunburn, and risk of secondary complications from sunburn. Several dietary antioxidants, including essential vitamins, have been shown to have some effectiveness for protecting against sunburn and skin damage associated with ultraviolet radiation, in both human and animal studies. Supplementation with Vitamin C and Vitamin E was shown in one study to reduce the amount of sunburn after a controlled amount of UV exposure.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: A review of scientific literature through 2007 found that beta carotene (Vitamin A) supplementation had a protective effect against sunburn, but that the effects were only evident in the long-term, with studies of supplementation for periods less than 10 weeks in duration failing to show any effects. There is also evidence that common foods may have some protective ability against sunburn if taken for a period before the exposure.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: Babies and children are particularly susceptible to UV damage which increases their risk of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers later in life. Children should not sunburn at any age and protective measures can ensure their future risk of skin cancer is reduced.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The WHO recommends that artificial UV exposure including tanning beds should be avoided as no safe dose has been established. When one is exposed to any artificial source of occupational UV, special protective clothing (for example, welding helmets/shields) should be worn. Such sources can produce UVC, an extremely carcinogenic wavelength of UV which ordinarily is not present in normal sunlight, having been filtered out by the atmosphere.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: The primary measure of treatment is avoiding further exposure to the sun. The best treatment for most sunburns is time; most sunburns heal completely within a few weeks.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: A home treatment that may help the discomfort is using cool and wet cloths on the sunburned areas. Applying soothing lotions that contain aloe vera to the sunburn areas was supported by multiple studies, though others have found aloe vera to have no effect. Note that aloe vera has no ability to protect people from new or further sunburn. Another home treatment is using a moisturizer that contains soy.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Sunburn

Context: A sunburn draws fluid to the skin’s surface and away from the rest of the body. Drinking extra water is recommended to help prevent dehydration.

Question: 인체가 자외선에 많이 노출된다면 어떤 변화가 일어나는가?


Violin

Context: The components of a violin are usually made from different types of wood. Violins can be strung with gut, Perlon or other synthetic, or steel strings. A person who makes or repairs violins is called a luthier or violinmaker. One who makes or repairs bows is called an "archetier" or bowmaker.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: The earliest stringed instruments were mostly plucked (for example, the Greek lyre). Two-stringed, bowed instruments, played upright and strung and bowed with horsehair, may have originated in the nomadic equestrian cultures of Central Asia, in forms closely resembling the modern-day Mongolian Morin huur and the Kazakh Kobyz. Similar and variant types were probably disseminated along east–west trading routes from Asia into the Middle East, and the Byzantine Empire.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: The direct ancestor of all European bowed instruments is the Arabic "rebab" (ربابة), which developed into the Byzantine lyra by the 9th century and later the European rebec. The first makers of violins probably borrowed from various developments of the Byzantine lyra. These included the vielle (also known as the "fidel" or "viuola") and the "lira da braccio".

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: To this day, instruments from the so-called Golden Age of violin making, especially those made by Stradivari, Guarneri del Gesù, and Montagnana, are the most sought-after instruments by both collectors and performers. The current record amount paid for a Stradivari violin is £9.8 million (US$15.9 million at that time), when the instrument known as the Lady Blunt was sold by Tarisio Auctions in an online auction on June 20, 2011.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: The arched shape, the thickness of the wood, and its physical qualities govern the sound of a violin. Patterns of the node made by sand or glitter sprinkled on the plates with the plate vibrated at certain frequencies, called "Chladni patterns", are occasionally used by luthiers to verify their work before assembling the instrument.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Apart from the standard, "full" () size, violins are also made in so-called "fractional" sizes of , , , , , , , and even . These smaller instruments are commonly used by young players, whose fingers are not long enough to reach the correct positions on full-sized instruments.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Occasionally, an adult with a small frame may use a so-called size violin instead of a full-size instrument. Sometimes called a "lady's violin", these instruments are slightly shorter than a full size violin, but tend to be high-quality instruments capable of producing a sound comparable to that of fine full size violins. 5 string violin sizes may differ from the normal 4 string.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: The instrument which corresponds to the violin in the violin octet is the mezzo violin, tuned the same as a violin but with a slightly longer body. The strings of the mezzo violin are the same length as those of the standard violin. This instrument is not in common use.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: After extensive playing, the tuning pegs and their holes can become worn, making the pegs liable to slip under tension. This can lead to the pitch of the string dropping somewhat, or if the peg becomes completely loose, to the string completely losing tension. A violin in which the tuning pegs are slipping needs to be repaired by a luthier or violin repairperson. Peg dope or peg compound, used regularly, can delay the onset of such wear while allowing the pegs to turn smoothly.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: The violin is played either seated or standing up. Solo players (whether playing alone, with a piano or with an orchestra) play mostly standing up (unless prevented by a physical disability such as in the case of Itzhak Perlman). In contrast, in the orchestra and in chamber music it is usually played seated. In the 2000s and 2010s, some orchestras performing Baroque music (such as the Freiburg Baroque Orchestra) have had all of their violins and violas, solo and ensemble, perform standing up.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Hunching can hamper good playing because it throws the body off balance and makes the shoulders rise. Another sign that comes from unhealthy tension is pain in the left hand, which indicates too much pressure when holding the violin.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Elaborate passages in artificial harmonics can be found in virtuoso violin literature, especially of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Two notable examples of this are an entire section of Vittorio Monti's "Csárdás" and a passage towards the middle of the third movement of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto. A section of the third movement of Paganini's Violin Concerto No. 1 consists of double-stopped thirds in harmonics.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: When strings are worn, dirty and old, the harmonics may no longer be accurate in pitch. For this reason, violinists change their strings regularly.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Bowing can be used to produce long sustained notes or melodies. With a string section, if the players in a section change their bows at different times, a note can seem to be endlessly sustainable. As well, the bow can be used to play short, crisp little notes, such as repeated notes, scales and arpeggios, which provide a propulsive rhythm in many styles of music.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: The sounding point where the bow intersects the string also influences timbre (or "tone colour"). Playing close to the bridge ("sul ponticello") gives a more intense sound than usual, emphasizing the higher harmonics; and playing with the bow over the end of the fingerboard ("sul tasto") makes for a delicate, ethereal sound, emphasizing the fundamental frequency. Shinichi Suzuki referred to the sounding point as the "Kreisler highway"; one may think of different sounding points as "lanes" in the highway.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: A smooth and even stroke during which bow speed and weight are the same from beginning of the stroke to the end.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Literally "hammered", a strongly accented effect produced by releasing each bowstroke forcefully and suddenly. Martelé can be played in any part of the bow. It is sometimes indicated in written music by an arrowhead.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Tremolo is the very rapid repetition (typically of a single note, but occasionally of multiple notes), usually played at the tip of the bow. Tremolo is marked with three short, slanted lines across the stem of the note. Tremolo is often used as a sound effect in orchestral music, particularly in the Romantic music era (1800-1910) and in opera music.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Larger metal, rubber, or wooden mutes are widely available, known as "practice mutes" or "hotel mutes". Such mutes are generally not used in performance, but are used to deaden the sound of the violin in practice areas such as hotel rooms. (For practicing purposes there is also the mute violin, a violin without a sound box.) Some composers have used practice mutes for special effect, for example, at the end of Luciano Berio's "Sequenza VIII" for solo violin.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Since the Baroque era, the violin has been one of the most important of all instruments in classical music, for several reasons. The tone of the violin stands out above other instruments, making it appropriate for playing a melody line. In the hands of a good player, the violin is extremely agile, and can execute rapid and difficult sequences of notes.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Eric Stanley improvises on the violin with hip hop music/pop/classical elements and instrumental beats. The successful indie rock and baroque pop band Arcade Fire use violins extensively in their arrangements. Indian, Turkish, and Arabic pop music is filled with the sound of violins, both soloists and ensembles.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Violin

Context: Violin authentication is the process of determining the maker and manufacture date of a violin. This process is similar to that used to determine the provenance of art works. This can be an important process as significant value may be attached to violins made either by specific makers or at specific times and locations. Forgery and other methods of fraudulent misrepresentation can be used to inflate the value of an instrument.

Question: 언제 최초의 바이올린이 발명되었는가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Following his years as president, Ford remained active in the Republican Party. His moderate views on various social issues increasingly put him at odds with conservative members of the party in the 1990s and early 2000s. In retirement, Ford set aside the enmity he had felt towards Carter following the 1976 election, and the two former presidents developed a close friendship. After experiencing a series of health problems, he died at home on December 26, 2006.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford later said that his biological father had a history of hitting his mother. In a biography of Ford, James M. Cannon wrote that the separation and divorce of Ford's parents was sparked when, a few days after Ford's birth, Leslie King took a butcher knife and threatened to kill his wife, infant son, and Ford's nursemaid. Ford later told confidants that his father had first hit his mother when she had smiled at another man during their honeymoon.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford was involved in the Boy Scouts of America, and earned that program's highest rank, Eagle Scout. He is the only Eagle Scout to have ascended to the U.S. presidency. Ford attended Grand Rapids South High School, where he was a star athlete and captain of the football team. In 1930, he was selected to the All-City team of the Grand Rapids City League. He also attracted the attention of college recruiters.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Throughout life, Ford remained interested in his school and football; he occasionally attended games. Ford also visited with players and coaches during practices; at one point, he asked to join the players in the huddle. Before state events, Ford often had the Navy band play the University of Michigan fight song, "The Victors," instead of "Hail to the Chief."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford graduated from Michigan in 1935 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics. He turned down offers from the Detroit Lions and Green Bay Packers of the National Football League. Instead, he took a job in September 1935 as the boxing coach and assistant varsity football coach at Yale University and applied to its law school.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: While attending Yale Law School, Ford joined a group of students led by R. Douglas Stuart Jr., and signed a petition to enforce the 1939 Neutrality Act. The petition was circulated nationally and was the inspiration for the America First Committee, a group determined to keep the U.S. out of World War II. His introduction into politics was in the summer of 1940 when he worked for the Republican presidential campaign of Wendell Willkie.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford graduated in the top third of his class in 1941, and was admitted to the Michigan bar shortly thereafter. In May 1941, he opened a Grand Rapids law practice with a friend, Philip W. Buchen.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: After the fire, the "Monterey" was declared unfit for service. Ford was detached from the ship and sent to the Navy Pre-Flight School at Saint Mary's College of California, where he was assigned to the Athletic Department until April 1945. From the end of April 1945 to January 1946, he was on the staff of the Naval Reserve Training Command, Naval Air Station, Glenview, Illinois, at the rank of lieutenant commander.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford received the following military awards: the American Campaign Medal, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with nine " bronze stars (for operations in the Gilbert Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Marshall Islands, Asiatic and Pacific carrier raids, Hollandia, Marianas, Western Carolines, Western New Guinea, and the Leyte Operation), the Philippine Liberation Medal with two " bronze stars (for Leyte and Mindoro), and the World War II Victory Medal. He was honorably discharged in February 1946.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: After Ford returned to Grand Rapids in 1946, he became active in local Republican politics, and supporters urged him to challenge Bartel J. Jonkman, the incumbent Republican congressman. Military service had changed his view of the world. "I came back a converted internationalist", Ford wrote, "and of course our congressman at that time was an avowed, dedicated isolationist. And I thought he ought to be replaced. Nobody thought I could win. I ended up winning two to one."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: During his first campaign in 1948, Ford visited voters at their doorsteps and as they left the factories where they worked. Ford also visited local farms where, in one instance, a wager resulted in Ford spending two weeks milking cows following his election victory.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In the early 1950s, Ford declined offers to run for either the Senate or the Michigan governorship. Rather, his ambition was to become Speaker of the House, which he called "the ultimate achievement. To sit up there and be the head honcho of 434 other people and have the responsibility, aside from the achievement, of trying to run the greatest legislative body in the history of mankind ... I think I got that ambition within a year or two after I was in the House of Representatives".

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: With a Democratic majority in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, the Johnson Administration proposed and passed a series of programs that was called by Johnson the "Great Society". During the first session of the Eighty-ninth Congress alone, the Johnson Administration submitted 87 bills to Congress, and Johnson signed 84, or 96%, arguably the most successful legislative agenda in Congressional history.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford's private criticism of the Vietnam War became public knowledge after he spoke from the floor of the House and questioned whether the White House had a clear plan to bring the war to a successful conclusion. The speech angered President Johnson, who accused Ford of having played "too much football without a helmet".

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: As minority leader in the House, Ford appeared in a popular series of televised press conferences with Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen, in which they proposed Republican alternatives to Johnson's policies. Many in the press jokingly called this "The Ev and Jerry Show." Johnson said at the time, "Jerry Ford is so dumb he can't fart and chew gum at the same time." The press, used to sanitizing Johnson's salty language, reported this as "Gerald Ford can't walk and chew gum at the same time."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: During the eight years (1965–1973) that Ford served as minority leader, he won many friends in the House because of his fair leadership and inoffensive personality.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford was nominated to take Agnew's position on October 12, the first time the vice-presidential vacancy provision of the 25th Amendment had been implemented. The United States Senate voted 92 to 3 to confirm Ford on November 27. On December 6, 1973, the House confirmed Ford by a vote of 387 to 35. After the confirmation vote in the House, Ford took the oath of office as vice president.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: A portion of the speech would later be memorialized with a plaque at the entrance to his presidential museum.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: On September 8, 1974, Ford issued , which gave Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he might have committed against the United States while president. In a televised broadcast to the nation, Ford explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interests of the country, and that the Nixon family's situation "is a tragedy in which we all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In the months following the pardon, Ford often declined to mention President Nixon by name, referring to him in public as "my predecessor" or "the former president." When Ford was pressed on the matter on a 1974 trip to California, White House correspondent Fred Barnes recalled that he replied "I just can't bring myself to do it."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford selected George H. W. Bush as Chief of the US Liaison Office to the People's Republic of China in 1974, and then Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in late 1975.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford's transition chairman and first Chief of Staff was former congressman and ambassador Donald Rumsfeld. In 1975, Rumsfeld was named by Ford as the youngest-ever Secretary of Defense. Ford chose a young Wyoming politician, Richard Cheney, to replace Rumsfeld as his new Chief of Staff; Cheney became the campaign manager for Ford's 1976 presidential campaign.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: The federal budget ran a deficit every year Ford was president. Despite his reservations about how the program ultimately would be funded in an era of tight public budgeting, Ford signed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, which established special education throughout the United States. Ford expressed "strong support for full educational opportunities for our handicapped children" according to the official White House press release for the bill signing.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: When New York City faced bankruptcy in 1975, Mayor Abraham Beame was unsuccessful in obtaining Ford's support for a federal bailout. The incident prompted the New York "Daily News" famous headline "Ford to City: Drop Dead", referring to a speech in which "Ford declared flatly ... that he would veto any bill calling for 'a federal bail-out of New York City.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford was an outspoken supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment, issuing Presidential Proclamation no. 4383 in 1975:

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford attended the inaugural meeting of the Group of Seven (G7) industrialized nations (initially the G5) in 1975 and secured membership for Canada. Ford supported international solutions to issues. "We live in an interdependent world and, therefore, must work together to resolve common economic problems," he said in a 1974 speech.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In December 1974, months after Ford took office, North Vietnamese forces invaded the province of Phuoc Long. General Trần Văn Trà sought to gauge any South Vietnamese or American response to the invasion, as well as to solve logistical issues, before proceeding with the invasion.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Many of the Vietnamese evacuees were allowed to enter the United States under the Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act. The 1975 Act appropriated $455 million toward the costs of assisting the settlement of Indochinese refugees. In all, 130,000 Vietnamese refugees came to the United States in 1975. Thousands more escaped in the years that followed.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: North Vietnam's victory over the South led to a considerable shift in the political winds in Asia, and Ford administration officials worried about a consequent loss of U.S. influence there. The administration proved it was willing to respond forcefully to challenges to its interests in the region on two occasions, once when Khmer Rouge forces seized an American ship in international waters and again when American military officers were killed in the demilitarized zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford appointed 11 judges to the United States Courts of Appeals, and 50 judges to the United States district courts.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In addition to the pardon dispute and lingering anti-Republican sentiment, Ford had to counter a plethora of negative media imagery. Chevy Chase often did pratfalls on "Saturday Night Live", imitating Ford, who had been seen stumbling on two occasions during his term. As Chase commented, "He even mentioned in his own autobiography it had an effect over a period of time that affected the election to some degree."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In the end, Carter won the election, receiving 50.1% of the popular vote and 297 electoral votes compared with 48.0% and 240 electoral votes for Ford.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: The Nixon pardon controversy eventually subsided. Ford's successor, Jimmy Carter, opened his 1977 inaugural address by praising the outgoing president, saying, "For myself and for our Nation, I want to thank my predecessor for all he has done to heal our land."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: After leaving the White House, the Fords moved to Denver, Colorado. Ford successfully invested in oil with Marvin Davis, which later provided an income for Ford's children.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In 1977, Ford established the Gerald R. Ford Institute of Public Policy at Albion College in Albion, Michigan, to give undergraduates training in public policy. In April 1981, he opened the Gerald R. Ford Library in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on the north campus of his alma mater, the University of Michigan, followed in September by the Gerald R. Ford Museum in Grand Rapids.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: On October 3, 1980, Ford cast blame on Carter for the latter's charges of ineffectiveness on the part of the Federal Reserve Board due to his appointing of most of its members: "President Carter, when the going gets tough, will do anything to save his own political skin. This latest action by the president is cowardly."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Following the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan, Ford told reporters while appearing at a fundraiser for Thomas Kean that criminals who use firearms should get the death penalty in the event someone is injured with the weapon.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: On March 24, 1982, Ford offered an endorsement of President Reagan's economic policies while also stating the possibility of Reagan being met with a stalemate by Congress if not willing to compromise while in Washington.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford founded the annual AEI World Forum in 1982, and joined the American Enterprise Institute as a distinguished fellow. He was also awarded an honorary doctorate at Central Connecticut State University on March 23, 1988.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: During an August 1982 fundraising reception, Ford stated his opposition to a constitutional amendment requiring the US to have a balanced budget, citing a need to elect "members of the House and Senate who will immediately when Congress convenes act more responsibly in fiscal matters." Ford was a participant in the 1982 midterm elections, traveling to Tennessee in October of that year to help Republican candidates.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In January 1984, a letter signed by Ford and Carter and urging world leaders to extend their failed effort to end world hunger was released and sent to Secretary-General of the United Nations Javier Pérez de Cuéllar.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In 1987, Ford testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee in favor of District of Columbia Circuit Court judge and former Solicitor General Robert Bork after Bork was nominated by President Reagan to be an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Bork's nomination was rejected by a vote of 58–42.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: By 1988, Ford was a member of several corporate boards including Commercial Credit, Nova Pharmaceutical, The Pullman Company, Tesoro Petroleum, and Tiger International, Inc. Ford also became an honorary director of Citigroup, a position he held until his death.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In October 1990, Ford appeared in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania with Bob Hope to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the birth of former President Dwight D. Eisenhower, where the two unveiled a plaque with the signatures of each living former president.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In April 1991, Ford joined former presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and Jimmy Carter, in supporting the Brady Bill. Three years later, he wrote to the U.S. House of Representatives, along with Carter and Reagan, in support of the assault weapons ban.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In April 1997, Ford joined President Bill Clinton, former President Bush, and Nancy Reagan in signing the "Summit Declaration of Commitment" in advocating for participation by private citizens in solving domestic issues within the United States.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: On January 20, 1998, during an interview at his Palm Springs home, Ford said the Republican Party's nominee in the 2000 presidential election would lose if the party turned ultra-conservative in their ideals: "If we get way over on the hard right of the political spectrum, we will not elect a Republican President. I worry about the party going down this ultra-conservative line. We ought to learn from the Democrats: when they were running ultra-liberal candidates, they didn't win."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In the prelude to the impeachment of President Clinton, Ford conferred with former President Carter and the two agreed to not speak publicly on the controversy, a pact broken by Carter when answering a question from a student at Emory University.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: On November 22, 2004, New York Republican Governor George Pataki named Ford and the other living former Presidents (Carter, George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton) as honorary members of the board rebuilding the World Trade Center.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: On April 4, 1990, Ford was admitted to Eisenhower Medical Center for surgery to replace his left knee, orthopedic surgeon Dr. Robert Murphy saying "Ford's entire left knee was replaced with an artificial joint, including portions of the adjacent femur, or thigh bone, and tibia, or leg bone."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: On December 30, 2006, Ford became the 11th U.S. president to lie in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol. A state funeral and memorial services were held at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, January 2, 2007. After the service, Ford was interred at his Presidential Museum in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Scouting was so important to Ford that his family asked for Scouts to participate in his funeral. A few selected Scouts served as ushers inside the National Cathedral. About 400 Eagle Scouts were part of the funeral procession, where they formed an honor guard as the casket went by in front of the museum.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford selected the song to be played during his funeral procession at the U.S. Capitol. After his death in December 2006, the University of Michigan Marching Band played the school's fight song for him one final time, for his last ride from the Gerald R. Ford Airport in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: When speaking of his mother and stepfather, Ford said that "My stepfather was a magnificent person and my mother equally wonderful. So I couldn't have written a better prescription for a superb family upbringing."

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: On October 15, 1948, Ford married Elizabeth Bloomer (1918–2011) at Grace Episcopal Church in Grand Rapids; it was his first and only marriage and her second marriage. She had previously been married and, after a five‐year marriage, divorced from William Warren.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: The couple had four children: Michael Gerald, born in 1950, John Gardner (known as Jack) born in 1952, Steven Meigs, born in 1956, and Susan Elizabeth, born in 1957.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford was a member of several civic and fraternal organizations, including the Junior Chamber of Commerce (Jaycees), American Legion, AMVETS, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Sons of the Revolution, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and was an alumnus of Delta Kappa Epsilon at Michigan.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford was also a member of the Shriners and the Royal Order of Jesters; both being affiliated bodies of Freemasonry.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford is the only person to hold the presidential office without being elected as either president or vice president. The choice of Ford to fill the vacant vice-presidency was based on Ford's reputation for openness and honesty. "In all the years I sat in the House, I never knew Mr. Ford to make a dishonest statement nor a statement part-true and part-false. He never attempted to shade a statement, and I never heard him utter an unkind word," said Martha Griffiths.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: The trust the American public had in him was rapidly and severely tarnished by his pardon of Nixon. Nonetheless, many grant in hindsight that he had respectably discharged with considerable dignity a great responsibility that he had not sought.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: In spite of his athletic record and remarkable career accomplishments, Ford acquired a reputation as a clumsy, likable, and simple-minded everyman. An incident in 1975, when he tripped while exiting Air Force One in Austria, was famously and repeatedly parodied by Chevy Chase on "Saturday Night Live", cementing Ford's image as a klutz. Other pieces of the everyman image were attributed to his inevitable comparison with Nixon, his Midwestern stodginess and his self-deprecation.

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Gerald Ford

Context: Ford has notably been portrayed in two television productions which included a central focus on his wife: the Emmy-winning 1987 ABC biographical television movie "The Betty Ford Story" and the 2022 Showtime television series "The First Lady".

Question: 1975년 미국의 지도자는 누구인가?


Irish War of Independence

Context: Since the 1870s, Irish nationalists in the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) had been demanding Home Rule, or self-government, from Britain. Fringe organisations, such as Arthur Griffith's Sinn Féin, instead argued for some form of Irish independence, but they were in a small minority.

Question: 아일랜드 독립 전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Irish War of Independence

Context: The demand for Home Rule was eventually granted by the British Government in 1912, immediately prompting a prolonged crisis within the United Kingdom as Ulster unionists formed an armed organisation the Ulster Volunteers (UVF) to resist this measure of devolution, at least in territory they could control. In turn, nationalists formed their own paramilitary organisation, the Irish Volunteers.

Question: 아일랜드 독립 전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Irish War of Independence

Context: ...we took the action deliberately, having thought over the matter and talked it over between us. Treacy had stated to me that the only way of starting a war was to kill someone, and we wanted to start a war, so we intended to kill some of the police whom we looked upon as the foremost and most important branch of the enemy forces. The only regret that we had following the ambush was that there were only two policemen in it, instead of the six we had expected.

Question: 아일랜드 독립 전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Irish War of Independence

Context: The IRA's main target throughout the conflict was the mainly Irish Catholic Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), the British government's armed police force in Ireland, outside Dublin. Its members and barracks (especially the more isolated ones) were vulnerable, and they were a source of much-needed arms. The RIC numbered 9,700 men stationed in 1,500 barracks throughout Ireland.

Question: 아일랜드 독립 전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Irish War of Independence

Context: Much of the IRA's popularity arose from the excessive reaction of the British forces to IRA activity. When Éamon de Valera returned from the United States, he demanded in the Dáil that the IRA desist from the ambushes and assassinations, which were allowing the British to portray it as a terrorist group and to take on the British forces with conventional military methods. The proposal was immediately dismissed.

Question: 아일랜드 독립 전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Irish War of Independence

Context: In response to and retaliation for IRA actions, in the summer of 1920, the Tans burned and sacked numerous small towns throughout Ireland, including Balbriggan, Trim, Templemore and others.

Question: 아일랜드 독립 전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Irish War of Independence

Context: On 9 August 1920, the British Parliament passed the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act. It replaced the trial by jury by courts-martial by regulation for those areas where IRA activity was prevalent.

Question: 아일랜드 독립 전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Irish War of Independence

Context: A number of events dramatically escalated the conflict in late 1920. First the Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney, died on hunger strike in Brixton Prison in London in October, while two other IRA prisoners on hunger strike, Joe Murphy and Michael Fitzgerald, died in Cork Jail.

Question: 아일랜드 독립 전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?