Endocrine gland

Context: The thyroid hormones increase the rate of cellular metabolism, and include thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Secretion is stimulated by the thyroid-stimulating hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary. When thyroid levels are high, there is negative feedback that decreases the amount of Thyroid-stimulating hormone secreted. Most T4 is converted to T3 (a more active form) in the target tissues.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Calcitonin, produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland in response to rising blood calcium levels, depresses blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone matrix resorption and enhancing calcium deposit in bones.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: The parathyroid glands, of which there are 4–6, are found on the back of the thyroid glands, and secrete parathyroid hormone, This causes an increase in blood calcium levels by targeting bone, the intestine, and the kidneys. The parathyroid hormone is the antagonist of calcitonin. Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by falling blood calcium levels and is inhibited by rising blood calcium levels.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: The ovaries of the female, located in the pelvic cavity, release two main hormones. Secretion of estrogens by the ovarian follicles begins at puberty under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone. Estrogens stimulate the maturation of the female reproductive system and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone is released in response to high blood levels of luteinizing hormone. It works with estrogens in establishing the menstrual cycle.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: The testes of the male begin to produce testosterone at puberty in response to luteinizing hormone. Testosterone promotes maturation of the male reproductive organs, development of secondary sex characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: The pineal gland is located in the diencephalon of the brain. It primarily releases melatonin, which influences daily rhythms and may have an antigonadotropic effect in humans. It may also influence the melanotropes and melanocytes located in the skin.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Many body organs not normally considered endocrine organs contain isolated cell clusters that secrete hormones. Examples include the heart (atrial natriuretic peptide); gastrointestinal tract organs (gastrin, secretin, and others); the placenta (hormones of pregnancy—estrogen, progesterone, and others); the kidneys (erythropoietin and renin); the thymus; skin (cholecalciferol); and adipose tissue (leptin and resistin).

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: The natural decrease in function of the female's ovaries during late middle age results in menopause. The efficiency of all endocrine glands seems to decrease gradually as ageing occurs. This leads to a generalized increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and a lower metabolic rate.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Local chemical messengers, not generally considered part of the endocrine system, include autocrines, which act on the cells that secrete them, and paracrines, which act on a different cell type nearby.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: The ability of a target cell to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of receptors, within the cell or on its plasma membrane, to which the hormone can bind.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Hormone receptors are dynamic structures. Changes in the number and sensitivity of hormone receptors may occur in response to high or low levels of stimulating hormones.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Blood levels of hormones reflect a balance between secretion and degradation/excretion. The liver and kidneys are the major organs that degrade hormones; breakdown products are excreted in urine and faeces.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: "Permissiveness" is the situation in which a hormone cannot exert its full effects without the presence of another hormone.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: "Synergism" occurs when two or more hormones produce the same effects in a target cell and their results are amplified.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: The endocrine glands belong to the body's control system. The hormones which they produce help to regulate the functions of cells and tissues throughout the body. Endocrine organs are activated to release their hormones by humoral, neural, or hormonal stimuli. Negative feedback is important in regulating hormone levels in the blood.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: The nervous system, acting through hypothalamic controls, can in certain cases override or modulate hormonal effects.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Diseases of the endocrine glands are common, including conditions such as diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, and obesity.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Endocrinopathies are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream glands. Secondary endocrine disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary gland. Tertiary endocrine disease is associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamus and its releasing hormones.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: As the thyroid, and hormones have been implicated in signaling distant tissues to proliferate, for example, the estrogen receptor has been shown to be involved in certain breast cancers. Endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signaling have all been implicated in proliferation, one of the required steps of oncogenesis.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Graves' disease involves the hyperactivity of the thyroid gland which produces the T3 and T4 hormones. Graves' disease effects range from excess sweating, fatigue, heat intolerance and high blood pressure to swelling of the eyes that causes redness, puffiness and in rare cases reduced or double vision.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism; hyposecretion causes cretinism in infants and myxoedema in adults.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Hyperparathyroidism results in hypercalcemia and its effects and in extreme bone wasting. Hypoparathyroidism leads to hypocalcemia, evidenced by tetany seizure and respiratory paralysis.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


Endocrine gland

Context: Hyposecretion of insulin results in diabetes mellitus; cardinal signs are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.

Question: మానవ శరీరంలోని గ్రంధాలు ఏవి ?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Despite strong political movements in favour of LGBT rights, there remains a significant amount of homophobia present among the Indian population, with around one in four Indians objecting to same-sex relationships according to an opinion poll. In the 2010s, LGBT people in India increasingly gained tolerance and acceptance, especially in large cities.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Hinduism acknowledges a third gender; there are certain characters in the "Mahabharata" who, according to some versions of the epic, change genders, such as Shikhandi, who is sometimes told to be born as a female but identifies as male and eventually marries a woman. Bahuchara Mata is the goddess of fertility, worshipped by "hijras" as their patroness.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: However, in another Hindu text, the "Manusmriti", there are various punishments for homosexuality. A mature woman having sex with a maiden girl was punished by having her head shaved or two of her fingers cut off, and she was also made to ride on a donkey. In the case of homosexual males, the Manusmriti dictated that sexual union between two people (both homosexual and heterosexual) in a bullock cart would result in loss of caste.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Devdutt Pattanaik summarizes the place of homosexuality in Hindu literature as follows: "though not part of the mainstream, its existence was acknowledged but not approved."

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The Hindu Khajuraho temples, famous for their erotic sculptures, contain several depictions of homosexual activity. Historians have long argued that pre-colonial Indian society did not criminalise same-sex relationships, nor did it view such relations as immoral or sinful. Hinduism has traditionally portrayed homosexuality as natural and joyful, though some texts do contain injunctions against homosexuality namely among priests.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: During the Mughal Empire, a number of the preexisting Delhi Sultanate laws were combined into the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, mandating a common set of punishments for zina (unlawful intercourse) which included homosexuality. These could include 50 lashes for a slave, 100 for a free infidel, or death by stoning for a Muslim.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In 1884, a court in north India, ruling on the prosecution of a "hijra", commented that a physical examination of the accused revealed she "had the marks of a habitual catamite" and commended the police's desire to "check these disgusting practices". In 1871, the British labeled the "hijra" population as a "criminal tribe".

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: According to a previous ruling by the Indian Supreme Court, decisions of a high court on the constitutionality of a law apply throughout India, and not just to the state over which the high court in question has jurisdiction.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 23 February 2012, the Ministry of Home Affairs expressed its opposition to the decriminalisation of homosexual activity, stating that in India, homosexuality is seen as being immoral. The Central Government reversed its stance on 28 February 2012, asserting that there was no legal error in decriminalising homosexual activity. The shift in stance resulted in two judges of the Supreme Court reprimanding the Central Government for frequently changing its approach to the issue.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 11 December 2013, the Supreme Court set aside the 2009 Delhi High Court order decriminalising consensual homosexual activity within its jurisdiction.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 18 December 2015, Shashi Tharoor, a member of the Indian National Congress party, introduced a bill for the repeal of Section 377, but it was rejected in the House by a vote of 71-24.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 2 February 2016, the Supreme Court decided to review the criminalisation of homosexual activity. In August 2017, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the right to individual privacy is an intrinsic and fundamental right under the Indian Constitution. The Court also ruled that a person's sexual orientation is a privacy issue, giving hopes to LGBT activists that the Court would soon strike down Section 377.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 6 September 2018, the Supreme Court issued its verdict. The Court unanimously ruled that Section 377 is unconstitutional as it infringed on the fundamental rights of autonomy, intimacy, and identity, thus legalising homosexuality in India. The Court explicitly overturned its 2013 judgement.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Furthermore, it ruled that any discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is a violation of the Indian Constitution:

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The Supreme Court also directed the Government to take all measures to properly broadcast the fact that homosexuality is not a criminal offence, to create public awareness and eliminate the stigma members of the LGBT community face, and to give the police force periodic training to sensitise them about the issue.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The judgement also included an inbuilt safeguard to ensure that it cannot be revoked again under the "Doctrine of Progressive Realisation of Rights".

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Legal experts have urged the Government to pass legislation reflecting the decision, and frame laws to allow same-sex marriage, adoption by same-sex couples and inheritance rights.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In September 2021, the Chennai-based Madras High Court, which has jurisdiction over Tamil Nadu, ruled that queerphobia was rampant in medical education and directed the medical institutions and police to revamp their services to support LGBTQ individuals.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 10 April 2022, The madras High Court directed Tamil Nadu Government to conduct sensitization of school teachers on LGBT issues. The court also recommended a glossary or style-sheet to be used by Media for writing about LGBT community. The court asked the Tamil Nadu Government to adopt the glossary developed by community members till a time it can come up with its own version.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Same-sex marriages are not legally recognised in India nor are same-sex couples offered limited rights such as a civil union or a domestic partnership. In 2011, a Haryana court granted legal recognition to a same-sex marriage involving two women. After marrying, the couple began to receive threats from friends and relatives in their village. The couple eventually won family approval.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In October 2017, a group of citizens proposed a draft of a new Uniform Civil Code that would legalise same-sex marriage to the Law Commission of India.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: It defines marriage as "the legal union as prescribed under this Act of a man with a woman, a man with another man, a woman with another woman a transgender with another transgender or a transgender with a man or a woman. All married couples in partnership entitled to adopt a child. Sexual orientation of the married couple or the partners not to be a bar to their right to adoption. Non-heterosexual couples will be equally entitled to adopt a child".

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: There are currently several same-sex marriage petitions pending with the courts. On 12 June 2020, the Uttarakhand High Court acknowledged that while same-sex marriage may not be legal, cohabitation and "live-in relationships" are protected by the law.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In response to a petition filed in the Delhi High Court by a same sex couple to legalise gay marriage, Solicitor General Tushar Mehta representing the Indian Government affirmed that same sex marriage is against Indian culture, showing the government's flip-flopping approach to the issue.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 2 April 2022, MP Supriya Sule introduced a private member's bill to legalize same-sex marriages under the Special Marriage Act, 1954.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: (1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: (2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: (b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In the case of "Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India", the Supreme Court ruled that the Indian Constitution bans discrimination based on sexual orientation via the category of "sex". Similarly in the case of "National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India", the Supreme Court held that discrimination on the basis of gender identity is constitutionally prohibited.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: LGBT activists are encouraging people who have faced discrimination because of their sexual orientation or gender identity in other non-state areas to mount challenges in court, seeking to test the jurisprudence set by the two rulings. They are also campaigning for an explicit anti-discrimination law that would extend everywhere.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Discrimination, bullying and ragging targeted at a student on the ground of their sexual orientation or gender identity is prohibited under the "UGC Regulation on Curbing the Menace of Ragging in Higher Educational Institutions (Third Amendment), 2016".

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: LGBT people are banned from openly serving in the Indian Armed Forces. In late December 2018, Member of Parliament Jagdambika Pal (BJP) introduced a bill to the Indian Parliament to amend the "Army Act, 1950", the "Navy Act, 1957" and the "Air Force Act, 1950" that would allow LGBT people to serve in the Armed Forces. The bill was lapsed in the Lok Sabha.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Self proclaimed Actor Kamal Rashid Khan was processed by the police on 9 December 2018 for making obscene comments against the LGBT community.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In 2013, transgender and gender activists S. Swapna and Gopi Shankar Madurai from Srishti Madurai staged a protest in the Madurai collectorate on 7 October 2013 demanding reservation and to permit alternate genders to appear for examinations conducted by TNPSC, UPSC, SSC and Bank exams. Swapna, incidentally, had successfully moved the Madras High Court in 2013 seeking permission to write the TNPSC Group II exam as a female candidate. Swapna is the first transgender person to clear TNPSC Group IV exams.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Social Justice and Empowerment Minister Thaawar Chand Gehlot stated on 11 June 2015 that the Union Government would introduce a new comprehensive bill for transgender rights in the Monsoon session of Parliament. The bill would be based on the study on transgender issues conducted by a committee appointed on 27 January 2014. According to Gehlot, the Government sought to provide transgender people with all rights and entitlements currently enjoyed by scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 22 April 2019, the Madras High Court, the high court of Tamil Nadu, ruled that the term "bride" under the "Hindu Marriage Act, 1955" includes trans women. Specifically, it directed the authorities to register a marriage between a man and a transgender woman.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The state of West Bengal set up a transgender welfare board in 2015 to coordinate all policy decisions and development work pertaining to the transgender population in the state. The board, however, has been labelled an "all-around failure" by several transgender activists. Supposed to meet once every month with representatives from numerous state government departments, the board has only met five times as of July 2017.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In July 2016, the state of Odisha enacted welfare benefits for transgender people, giving them the same benefits as those living below the poverty line. This was aimed at improving their overall social and economic status, according to the Odisha Department of Social Security.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The Government of Himachal Pradesh has set up medical boards at the district and state level for assisting transgender people. The state has also enacted various schemes providing pension, skill development, scholarship and financial support for parents of transgender people.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In April 2017, the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation instructed states to allow transgender people to use the public toilet of their choice.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: A transgender board was established in Chandigarh on 22 August 2017. The board comprises members from the police department, the social welfare department, the education department and the law department, health professionals, and representatives of Panjab University, and others.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In October 2017, the Karnataka Government issued the "State Policy for Transgenders, 2017", with the aim of raising awareness of transgender people within all educational institutions in the state. Educational institutions will address issues of violence, abuse and discrimination against transgender people. It also established a monitoring committee designed with investigating reports of discrimination.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In January 2018, the Kashmiri Finance Minister introduced a proposal to the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly that would grant transgender people free life and medical insurance, and a monthly sustenance pension for those aged 60+ and registered with the Social Welfare Department. Transgender activists have criticised aspects of the bill, including its requirement to establish medical boards to issue "transgender certificates".

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In July 2018, the Rajasthan Transgender Welfare Board (RTWB) announced it would begin issuing "multi-purpose identity cards" to about 75,000 transgender people in the state to help them access government schemes and benefits.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The Uttarakhand High Court directed the State Government in late September 2018 to provide reservation for transgender people in educational institutions, and to frame social welfare programmes for the betterment of transgender people.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In early 2019, the Social Welfare Department of Assam published a draft "transgender policy" with numerous objectives, including providing transgender people access to educational institutions, providing shelter and sanitation for the homeless, raising awareness, and issuing self-identification identity cards. The All Assam Transgender Association has criticised certain aspects of the policy, namely its definition of the term "transgender".

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In July 2019, the Bihar Government announced the creation of a transgender welfare board, which would investigate and report on social and legal challenges faced by transgender people in the state and provide financial assistance of up to ₹ for sex reassignment surgery. In addition, those who refuse house on rent or medical facilities to transgender individuals would be eligible for imprisonment ranging between six months to two years.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In August 2019, the state of Madhya Pradesh announced its intention to set up a welfare board for the transgender community in the near future. Issues will include a monthly allowance to parents of intersex children, provisions for job reservations for transgender persons in government and separate public toilets.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The American College in Madurai also introduced "Maraikappatta Pakkangal" ("Hidden Pages") as a course book for "Genderqueer and Intersex Human Rights studies" as part of the curriculum for Tamil and English department students in 2018. It is the first book on the LGBT community in the Tamil language, launched by Gopi Shankar Madurai and state BJP leader Vanathi Srinivasan in 2014.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The court recognized that there is an absence of a specific law to protect the interests of queer people and acknowledged it is the responsibility of the constitutional courts to fill this vacuum with necessary directions to ensure the protection of such couples from harassment sourced from stigma and prejudices.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In 2017, Delhi held its tenth pride parade, attended by hundreds of people. Chennai has held pride parades since 2009, while Goa held its first pride parade in October 2017. Bhubaneswar organised its first in September 2018, and Guwahati held its first pride event in February 2014. The first such event in Sikkim was held in January 2019 in the city of Gangtok.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: According to a 2018 survey, a third of Indian gay men were married to women who were unaware that they are secretly gay.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The All India Hijra Kalyan Sabha fought for over a decade to get voting rights, which they finally got in 1994. In 1996, Kali stood for office in Patna under the then Judicial Reform Party. Munni ran in the elections as well for South Mumbai that year. They both lost.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: After the defeat of Kali and Munni, three years later, Kamla Jaan was elected Mayor of Katni. Shabnam Mausi was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh in 1998. Over the next few years, multiple other transgender candidates won office. These include Heera who won a seat on the City Council of Jabalpur and Gulshan who was elected to the City Council in Bina Etawa. In December 2000, Asha Devi became the Mayor of Gorakhpur, and Kallu Kinnar was elected to the City Council in Varanasi.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Shabnam Mausi is the first transgender Indian to be elected to public office. She was an elected member of the Madhya Pradesh State Legislative Assembly from 1998 to 2003. In 2003, "hijras" in Madhya Pradesh announced the establishment of their own political party called "Jeeti Jitayi Politics" (JJP; ), which literally means "politics that has already been won". The party also released an eight-page election manifesto which it claims outlines why it is different from mainstream political parties.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In the 2011 assembly elections in Tamil Nadu, transgender activist Kalki Subramaniam unsuccessfully challenged a DMK ticket. In March 2014, Kalki announced in Puducherry that she would contest a seat in an election in the Villupuram constituency in neighbouring Tamil Nadu.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 4 January 2015, independent transgender candidate Madhu Bai Kinnar was elected as the Mayor of Raigarh, Chhattisgarh.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Manabi Bandopadhyay became India's first transgender college principal on 9 June 2015 when she assumed the role of principal of the Krishnagar Women's College in Nadia district, West Bengal.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 5 November 2015, K. Prithika Yashini became the first out transgender police officer in the state of Tamil Nadu. At the time, the Tamil Nadu police had three transgender constables, but Yashini became the first transgender person to hold the rank of officer in the state. Transgender men are an integral part of the police force in many states of India. Many of them remain in the women police force and fear changing their legal name and gender as this could pose a risk to their employment.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 12 February 2017, two transgender people were appointed by the Kolhapur District Legal Services Authority (KDLSA) as panel members for the local Lok Adalat (People's Court). 30 panels were appointed to settle general local disputes that arise within the community. Members of the KDLSA have stated this appointment was their "main achievement."

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In July 2017, Joyita Mondal was appointed to the Islampur Lok Adalat, becoming West Bengal's first transgender judge. In 2018, Swati Bidham Baruah became the first transgender judge in Assam. Swati, founder of the All Assam Transgender Association, was appointed to the Guwahati Lok Adalat.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Cases of infanticide have been reported involving infants with obvious intersex conditions at birth, along with a failure to thrive by infants assigned female. Medical reports suggest that parents in India prefer to assign infants with intersex conditions as male, with surgical interventions taking place when parents can afford them.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: In a reply to a letter from an intersex rights activist Gopi Shankar Madurai, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare replied that "Any kind of invasive medical procedure including sex reassignment operations are done only after thorough assessment of the patient, obtaining justification for the procedure planned to be conducted with the help of appropriate diagnostic test and only after taking a written consent of the patient/guardian".

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: On 22 April 2019, the Madras High Court issued a landmark judgment in which it upheld the marriage rights of transgender women, and directed the state of Tamil Nadu to ban sex-selective surgeries on intersex infants. Based on the works of intersex activist Gopi Shankar, the Court took note of the rampant practice of compulsory medical interventions performed on intersex infants and children. The court further cited examples from Hindu mythology in its ruling, namely the story of Iravan.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: Gopi Shankar Madurai was one of the youngest, and the first openly intersex and genderqueer, candidate to run in an Indian election, contesting a seat in the 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The data on public opinion on LGBT rights is limited in India. One of the recent study was conducted by the multinational research firm Ipsos between April 23 and May 7, 2021. They released a report titled "LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey". Indian participants to survey were selected and polled online.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: According to Ipsos LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey, 53% of Indians support laws banning discrimination against LGBT people when it comes to employment, access to education, housing and social services, etc. 58% of the Indians support companies and brands actively promoting equality for LGBT people and 53% support transgender athletes competing based on the gender they identify with rather the sex they were assigned at birth.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: According to Ipsos LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey, 44% of Indian people were in favor of legalising same-sex marriage, 14% of Indians were in support of allowing some kind of legal recognition for same-sex couples with 18% opposed and 25% chose not to give their opinion. Furthemore, the survery found that 56% of Indians' current views on same-sex marriage are different than they were five years ago.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: According to a 2016 poll by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, 35% of Indian people were in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage, with a further 35% opposed. A survey by the Varkey Foundation conducted between September and October 2016, found that support for same-sex marriage was higher among 18-21 year olds at 53%.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: According to Ipsos LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey, 66% of Indians believed that same-sex couples should have the same adoption rights as opposite sex couples, 21% disagreed and 13% were unsure. Similarly, 59% of Indians think that the same-sex couples are just as likely as other parents to successfully raise children, 26% disagreed, and 16% were unsure.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: The supportive actions of the larger public for the LGBT rights has been documented in the recent study conducted online by the multinational research firm Ipsos between April 23 and May 7, 2021. They released report titled "LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey".

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: According to Ipsos LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey, 21% of Indians have attended a public event in support of LGBT people (e.g., a Pride march).

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: According to Ipsos LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey, 18% of Indians have attended same-sex wedding, 19% visited a bar or night club that primarily caters to LGBT people, and 30% has spoken against someone who was being prejudiced against LGBT people.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


LGBT rights in India

Context: LGBT rights activists from India: This category is for people who have specifically been involved in activism around LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) issues. It should "not" include LGBT people who have been prominent in "other" areas of activism. Notable persons like Anjali Gopalan, Shrushti Chavan, Shravani Chavan and Celina Jaitly who are not LGBT persons but their efforts made the Indian Government to decriminalize IPC 377 on 6 September 2018.

Question: సెక్షన్ 377 ను ఏ న్యాయస్థానం జారీ చేసింది?


History of Nokia

Context: The name "Nokia" is derived from the town Nokia and the Nokianvirta River which was aside the factory. The commercial entities that preceded the modern-day Nokia company included "Nokia Ab" (Nokia company); "Suomen Gummitehdas Oy" (Finnish Rubber Works Ltd); and "Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy" (Finnish Cable Works Ltd).

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In the late 1800s, Mechelin wanted to expand the company into the electricity business. However, Idestam refused. In 1896, Idestam retired and Mechelin became the company's chairman. He remained chairman from 1898 to 1914. During this time, Mechelin persuaded shareholders to allow the company to enter the electricity business. In 1902, Nokia commenced electricity generation.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: Eduard Polón (1866 1960), was a Finnish business leader. In 1898, Polón founded "Suomen Gummitehdas Oy" (Finnish Rubber Works) - a manufacturer of galoshes and other rubber products. In the early 1900s, the Finnish Rubber Works established factories near Nokia and used the town's name in the company's branding.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: After World War I, the Nokia Company was nearing bankruptcy and was acquired by the Finnish Rubber Works.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1932, the Finnish Rubber Works also acquired the "Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy" (Finnish Cable Works). The cable works had been founded in 1912 by Arvid Wickström. His company produced telephone, telegraph, and electrical cables.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1963, after 16 years as a technical director, Verner Weckman became the president of the Finnish Cable Works company. Weckman was a wrestler and was Finland's first Olympic Gold medallist. After World War II, Finnish Cable Works supplied cables to the Soviet Union as part of its war reparations. This gave the company a foothold for later trade.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1967, Nokia Corporation was formed through the merger of the three companies. The new company manufactured products including paper items, car and bicycle tires, rubber boots, communications cables, televisions and other consumer electronics, personal computers, generators, robotics, capacitors, Military technology and equipment (such as the SANLA M/90 device and the M61 gas mask for the Finnish Army), plastics, aluminum and chemicals.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1960, a cable division of the Nokia group had been formed. In 1962, it produced a pulse height analyzer used in nuclear power plants. In 1967, an electronics division within the Nokia corporation was formed. It operated for the next fifteen years, sometimes at a loss. Nokia researchers were encouraged to develop their own projects. This may have contributed to Nokia's focus on mobile phone technologies.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1998, the Israeli multinational company, Check Point which was founded in 1993, established a partnership with Nokia. Check Point's software was bundled with Nokia's network security tools.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1979, Nokia and Salora established a joint venture, "Mobira Oy". Mobira developed mobile phones for the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) network, called the "1G" and was the first fully automatic cellular phone system. It became commercially available in 1981. In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the "Mobira Senator" for NMT 450 networks.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1987, the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was seen using a Mobira Cityman in Helsinki. The phone developed the nickname, the "Gorba". In 1989, Nokia-Mobira Oy was renamed "Nokia Mobile Phones".

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: Nokia contributed to the development of the GSM 2G. It was able to carry data (computing) as well as voice traffic. Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) was an early provider of international roaming. In 1987, GSM 2G became the new European standard for digital mobile technology.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1989, Nokia delivered its first GSM network to the Finnish operator Radiolinja. On 1 July 1991, in Helsinki, the first telephone call on the GSM G2 network was made by Harri Holkeri, the Prime Minister of Finland. He used a prototype Nokia GSM phone to make the call. In 1992, the first GSM phone, the Nokia 1011, was made commercially available. The model number, "1011" refers to its launch date on 10 November 1992. In 1994, a branding ringtone, the Nokia tune, was included with the Nokia 2100 series.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: The GSM 2G network and mobile phones provided improved voice calls, international roaming and support for new services such as text messaging (Short Message Service (SMS)). In 2008, the GSM 2G network had approximately 3 billion users. There were at least 700 mobile phone commercial providers in 218 nations or territories. There were 15 mobile phone connections per second and 1.3 million mobile phone connections per day.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In the 1980s, Nokia's computer division "Nokia Data" produced a series of personal computers called the "MikroMikko". It was aimed at the business market. MikroMikko 1, was released on 29 September 1981. Its competitor was the IBM personal computer. In 1991, Nokia Data was sold to a British company, International Computers Limited (ICL).

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: Nokia produced Cathode ray tubes (CRT) and thin film transistor liquid crystal displays (|TFT LCDs) for personal computers and other applications. In 2000, Nokia sold its display products division to ViewSonic. However, in August 2009, Nokia released the Nokia Booklet 3G mini laptop which it continued for a short time. Other abandoned Nokia products include DSL modems and digital set-top boxes.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In the 1980s under the chief executive officer (CEO) Kari Kairamo, Nokia expanded, mostly through acquisitions. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, however, Nokia corporation experienced financial difficulties. Losses were made in the television manufacturing division. In 1988, Nokian Tyres became a separate entity. Nokia's paper division was sold in 1989. In 1990, Nokian Footwear was a separate entity. During the rest of the 1990s, Nokia divested itself of all other businesses.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1988, Kairamo committed suicide. Following his death, Simo Vuorilehto became Nokia's chairman and CEO. From 1990 to 1993, Finland was in recession. Vuorilehto made major changes to the Nokia corporation. The telecommunications division was stream-lined. The television and personal computing divisions were sold.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 1992, Jorma Ollila became CEO. He made telecommunications Nokia's sole concern. International sales increased relative to those in Finland. By the mid 1990s, Nokia's supply of mobile telephones could not meet demand. Changes to Nokia's supply chain were made. Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's revenue increased from 6.5 billion euros to 31 billion euros and between 1998 and 2012, Nokia was the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer. Nokia's logistics and economies of scale advantaged the company.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 2000, Nokia launched the Nokia 3310. In 2003, the Nokia 1100 handset was launched. Nokia combined a video game console and a mobile phone in the "N-Gage".

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In April 2008, Nokia Productions started a mobile movie-making project. The movie which was presented at the Nokia Theater Los Angeles on 14 October 2008 was directed by Spike Lee. It was approximately 15 minutes long and comprised short segments made on phones contributed by the public. The theme of the movie was "humanity".

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 2009, Nokia reentered the personal computing market. Its product, the Nokia Booklet 3G was a Windows-based netbook. The company also entered the smartphone market. The Series 40 was a phone platform used in feature phones, mainly running Java-based applications.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: Nokia acquired Smarterphone, a company making the Smarterphone OS for "low end" phones and merged it with Series 40 to form the Asha Platform, which also used some user interface characteristics from Nokia's MeeGo platform. The Asha 501 used this new operating system. The Series 40 was discontinued in late 2014.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: Until 2011, Symbian was Nokia's main smartphone operating system. The devices using the Symbian operating system included the Nokia 7650, Nokia N-Gage, Nokia N96, Nokia 6600, Nokia 7610, Nokia 6630, Nokia N90, Nokia N95, Nokia N82, Nokia E71, Nokia 5800 XpressMusic, Nokia N97, Nokia X6 and the Nokia N8. The 2012 Nokia 808 PureView had a 41-megapixel camera. It was the last phone using the Symbian platform.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: Nokia's first Linux devices were the Nokia Internet tablets and the Nokia N900, which ran the Debian-based Maemo. The Maemo project merged with Intel's Moblin to create MeeGo. The Nokia N9 was released before MeeGo was abandoned in favour of Windows Phone. The final products using Linux were the Nokia X series which had an Android operating system.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In April 2003, difficulties in Nokia's division of network equipment led to restructuring and layoffs. Nokia's public image in Finland was diminished. litigation was brought against Nokia and a critical documentary television program was broadcast.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In June 2006, CEO of Nokia Jorma Ollila, resigned and became the chairman of Royal Dutch Shell Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was the new CEO.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In March 2007, Nokia signed an agreement with Cluj County Council, Romania to open a plant near the city in Jucu commune. Moving the production from the Bochum, Germany factory to a low wage country created an uproar in Germany.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In 2008, Nokia ceased its mobile phone distribution in Japan. In 2009, Check Point purchased Nokia's network security division.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In February 2012, Nokia announced that 4,000 employees would be dismissed. This was to allow its manufacturing centres to move from Europe and Mexico to Asia. In March 2012, Nokia dismissed 1,000 employees at its Salo, Finland factory. In June 2012, research facilities in Ulm, Germany and Burnaby, Canada closed. By the end of 2013, 10,000 employees had been dismissed. In January 2013, Nokia dismissed 1,000 employees from its internet technology, production and logistics divisions.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 22 September 2003, Nokia acquired "Sega.com", a branch of Sega in order to develop the N-Gage device. On 10 February 2006, Nokia purchased the Intellisync Corporation, a provider of data and Personal information management (PIM) synchronization software.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 19 June 2006, Nokia and Siemens AG announced the merger of their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses with equal holdings. This created the entity "Nokia Siemens Networks" located in Espoo, Finland. Approximately 20,000 Nokia employees were employed by the new company. On 8 August 2006, Nokia purchased the online music distributor "Loudeye Corporation" for approximately US$60 million.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In July 2007, Nokia purchased the media sharing service "Twango". In September 2007, Nokia purchased "Enpocket", a supplier of mobile advertising technology and services. On 10 July 2008, Nokia purchased "Navteq", a U.S. based supplier of digital mapping data, for $8.1 billion.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In September 2008, Nokia purchased "OZ Communications" of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. OZ was a private company with approximately 220 employees.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 5 August 2009, Nokia purchased some of the assets belonging to "Cellity", a privately owned mobile software company. In September 2009, Nokia purchased some of the assets belonging to "Plum Ventures corporation" to complement Nokia's social location services.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In March 2010, Nokia purchased "Novarra", a mobile web browser firm. In April 2010, Nokia acquired MetaCarta, a local search technology firm. In 2012, Nokia purchased "Smarterphone", a feature phone operating system developer, and the imaging company Scalado.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In early 2009, Nokia released several devices such as the Nokia N97, a touchscreen device with a landscape QWERTY slider keyboard that was focused on social networking which received mixed reviews and the Nokia E52 which received positive reviews. At the end of the 2008 financial year, Symbian's market share was 52.4 percent and at the same time in 2009, it was 46.1 percent with the loss going to Blackberry, iOS and Android.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In February 2010, Nokia and Intel announced "MeeGo". MeeGo was a merger of their Linux based Maemo and Moblin projects. The project aimed to create one mobile operating system suitable for many types of device including tablets and smartphones. Nokia planned to use MeeGo on its smartphones. This was only achieved on the Nokia N9 (2011).

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In February 2011, Elop wrote to his employees. He said Nokia was on a "burning platform". Elop said the "war of ecosystems" (software ecosystem) between iOS and Android was part of Nokia's commercial difficulties.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In February 2011, Stephen Elop and Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer formed a business partnership. (Elop had worked at Microsoft.) Nokia adopted Windows Phone as the operating system on its smartphones and accessed the Bing search engine for its devices. The "Here" Nokia maps software was integrated into Microsoft's "Bing" mapping services.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In June 2011, Apple was making more smartphones than Nokia and a successful partnership with Microsoft became imperative for Nokia's business. In September 2011, Nokia dismissed 3,500 employees and closed its factory in Cluj, Romania.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 26 October 2011, at the Nokia World conference, the first Nokia Windows Phone 7 based devices were launched. They were the Nokia Lumia 710 and the more expensive Nokia Lumia 800.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: After the launch, Nokia's share price fell approximately 14 percent and Nokia's smartphone sales rapidly decreased. Between 2011 until 2013, Nokia's sales of smartphones fell from first in the market to tenth. In the second quarter of the 2011 financial year, Nokia made a loss of 368 million Euros.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 26 January 2012, Nokia reported its sales of the Lumia smartphones was "well above one million", two million sales in the first quarter of the 2012 financial year and four million sales in the second quarter of the 2012 financial year. However, in the second quarter of the 2012 financial year, in North America, Nokia sold 600,000 Symbian and Windows phones combined. In the same period, 26 million iPhones and 105 million Android phones were sold.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In May 2013, Nokia released the Asha platform on its inexpensive smartphone devices. The American media company Vox Media speculated Nokia was not fully committed to Windows.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In the same month, Nokia entered a partnership with China Mobile, the Chinese mobile service provider to make the Lumia 920 (Lumia 920T) available in China.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In the second quarter of the 2013 financial year, Nokia recorded an operating loss of €115m. Nokia's revenue fell to €5.7bn. In the same period, sales of the Lumia smartphone exceeded those of BlackBerry's handsets. Nokia's sales results were especially poor in China and the US. In the second quarter of the 2013 financial year, 7.4 million Lumia devices were sold.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 25 April 2014, Nokia sold its mobile phone business to Microsoft for approximately €3.79bn. €1.65bn was paid by Microsoft for a ten-year license to Nokia's patents. Nokia's mobile phone assets became a part of Microsoft Mobile, based in Finland. The purchase was delayed from March 2014 to April 2014 while a taxation dispute in India was resolved.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: Elop became the head of Microsoft's devices division. Risto Siilasmaa became acting CEO of Nokia until the appointment of Rajeev Suri.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: Nokia continued Nokia Networks, its infrastructure division and Nokia Technologies, its development and licensing division.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In July 2014, Microsoft dismissed 12,500 former Nokia employees. Microsoft also ended development of Nokia's non-Windows Phone product lines.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: In October 2014, Nokia and China Mobile signed a $970 million framework deal for delivery between 2014 and 2015.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 17 November 2014, Ramzi Haidamus, head of the Nokia technologies division said the company planned to re-enter the consumer electronics business by licensing in-house hardware designs and technologies to third-party manufacturers. On 18 November 2014, the N1, an Android tablet manufactured by Foxconn was released.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 3 November 2016, Nokia purchased the French telecommunications equipment company Alcatel-Lucent for approximately €15.6 billion. At completion, Nokia shareholders held 66.5% of the new company and Alcatel-Lucent shareholders held 33.5% of the new company. Alcatel-Lucent's Bell Labs and submarine cables division were maintained in the new company. The Alcatel-Lucent brand was no longer used. The purchase required approval by China's Ministry of Commerce and French regulators.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On August 3, 2015, Nokia announced that it had reached a deal to sell its Here digital maps division to a consortium of three German automakers—BMW, Daimler AG and Volkswagen Group, for €2.8 billion.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 18 May 2016 Microsoft sold the Nokia-branded featurephone division to FIH Mobile, a division of Foxconn, and HMD, a new company in Finland. Nokia provided its brand and patent licensing to HMD, and took a seat on the board of directors.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


History of Nokia

Context: On 8 January 2017, Nokia 6, a mid-range smartphone based on the Qualcomm Snapdragon 430 system-on-chip running Android was launched. The Nokia 5, Nokia 3, Nokia 3310 and Nokia 6 Arte were also released.

Question: నోకియా సంస్థను ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Digital camera

Context: The two major types of digital image sensor are CCD and CMOS. A CCD sensor has one amplifier for all the pixels, while each pixel in a CMOS active-pixel sensor has its own amplifier. Compared to CCDs, CMOS sensors use less power. Cameras with a small sensor use a back-side-illuminated CMOS (BSI-CMOS) sensor. The image processing capabilities of the camera determine the outcome of the final image quality much more than the sensor type.

Question: డిజిటల్ కెమెరాని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో కనుగొన్నారు ?


Mahbubnagar

Context: Mahabubnagar is a city in Mahabubnagar District of the Indian state of Telangana named after the 6th Nizam, Mir Mahbub Ali Khan. It is the headquarters of Mahbubnagar mandal in Mahabubnagar revenue division. The city is also the largest in the district with an area of and 7th most populous in the state.

Question: మహబూబ్ నగర్ జిల్లాకు గల ఇంకో పేరేమిటి?


Mahbubnagar

Context: Mahabubnagar is also known with the name, "Palamooru". The city also has an older name "Rukmammapeta."

Question: మహబూబ్ నగర్ జిల్లాకు గల ఇంకో పేరేమిటి?


Mahbubnagar

Context: Mahbub Nagar is located at . It has an average elevation of 498 metres (1633 feet). The city of Mahbub Nagar is located at a distance of 98 km from Hyderabad 130 km from Kurnool and 105 km from Raichur.

Question: మహబూబ్ నగర్ జిల్లాకు గల ఇంకో పేరేమిటి?


Mahbubnagar

Context: In 2011, Mahbub Nagar had a population of 222,573 It is the 9th largest city of south India by number of auto rickshaws, and 2nd in Telangana after Hyderabad.

Question: మహబూబ్ నగర్ జిల్లాకు గల ఇంకో పేరేమిటి?


Mahbubnagar

Context: "Mahbub Nagar municipality" is the civic body of the city, which was constituted in 1942 as a "third grade municipality". It was upgraded to "second grade" in 1959, to "first grade" in 1983 and finally to "Special grade municipality" in 2004. It is spread over an area of . Mahbub Nagar urban agglomeration consists of Mahbub Nagar municipality, census towns of Boyapalle, Yenugonda and the out growths of Mahbub Nagar (rural) (full), Yedira (part) village.

Question: మహబూబ్ నగర్ జిల్లాకు గల ఇంకో పేరేమిటి?


Mahbubnagar

Context: The city is connected to major cities and towns by means of road, railway and airway. National and state highways that pass through the city are NH 44 and NH 169, State highway 20 and 23. TSRTC operates buses to various destinations from Mahbub Nagar bus station of the city. The city has rail connectivity with the presence of Mahbub Nagar Main Station, Mahbub Nagar Town, Yenugonda Station and Diviti Pally Stations. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport is only 75 kms from the city.

Question: మహబూబ్ నగర్ జిల్లాకు గల ఇంకో పేరేమిటి?


Kurnool

Context: The original name of Kurnool is found in historical records as "Kandanavōlu" or "Kandanōlu". It used to be a crossing on the Tungabhadra River, where the bullock cart caravans are believed to have greased their wheels ("kandana" being a reference to grease). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema".

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Also the Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta and Yaganti in Kurnool District have some important rock art and paintings in the vicinity, may be dated from 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Belum Caves are geologically and historically important caves in the district. There are indications that Jain and Buddhist monks were occupying these caves centuries ago. Many Buddhists relics were found inside the caves. These relics are now housed in Museum at Ananthapur. Archaeological survey of India (ASI) found remnants of vessels and other artifacts of pre-Buddhist era and has dated the remnants of vessels found in the caves to 4500 BC.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Little was known about Kurnool town before the 11th century. The earliest knowledge of this settlement dates from the 11th century. It has developed as transit place on the southern banks of the river Tungabhadra.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Ruled by the Cholas in 12th Century and later taken over by the Kakatiya dynasty in 13th century. Kurnool developed into a transit point on the southern banks of the Tungabhadra River. It eventually fell under the rule of a jaghirdar before becoming a part of the Vijayanagar dynasty. King Achyuta Raya, successor of Sri Krishnadeva Raya constructed the Kurnool Fort during the 16th century.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: The Abyssinian, Abdul Wahab Khan, defeated King Gopal Raja of the Vijayanagar Kingdom in the 17th century and went on to rule the land for 16 years until his death.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: In 1686, Kurnool fell under the influence of the Mughals who were ruled by Emperor Aurangzeb. Later on in Kurnool's history, it was ruled by the Nawabs until the British Government took over in 1839.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Ghulam Rasul Khan Bahadur (died on 12 July 1840) was the last Nawab of Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. He ruled from 1823 to 1839 until the kingdom was defeated by the East India Company. On 12 October 1839, a war broke out between British Indian Army and the kingdom and continued for six days until the king was detained on 18 October. He was subsequently sent to Tiruchirappalli Central Prison where he died on 12 July 1840.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Kurnool was the capital of erstwhile Andhra State between 1 October 1953 and 31 October 1956. The state was later merged with Telugu speaking districts of Hyderabad State to form Andhra Pradesh with Hyderabad as the state's capital on 1 November 1956. Presently Kurnool is in the divided Andhra Pradesh state.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Kurnool is located at . It has an average elevation of 273 metres (898 feet). Kurnool lies on the banks of the Tungabhadra River. The Hundri and Neeva rivers also flow through the city. The K.C.Canal (Kurnool–Cuddapah) was built by the Dutch for transportation, but later used for irrigation.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Landmarks in and around the city include "Konda Reddy Fort" Formerly called "Kondareddy Burj" is the Historical Monuement and Major Tourist Attraction of Kurnool located at the north east part of the city. Orvakal rock Garderns is the Sculpture Garden with Ancient cave lies on the South East of the city.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Kurnool has a hot savanna climate (Köppen "BSh") with temperatures ranging from to in the summer and to in the winter. The average annual rainfall is about .

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: As per final data of 2011 census, Kurnool urban agglomeration had a population of 484,327, making it the fifth largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The literacy rate of Kurnool was 77.37 per cent at the time of the 2011 census.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: As per final data of 2011 census, Hindus formed the majority in the Kurnool urban agglomeration. Other religious groups found in Kurnool are Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Parsees.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Kurnool serves as the district headquarters of its Kurnool district. The city is administered by Kurnool Municipal Corporation.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: The primary and secondary school education is imparted by Government, aided and private schools of the "School Education Department" of the state.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: National Highway 44 (India) which runs from Srinagar to Kanyakumari and also highway of Bangalore to Hyderabad. passes through Kurnool.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: National highway 340C [ Kurnool-Dornala ] which connects to Srisailam, Vinukonda, Guntur, Vijayawada.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: National Highway 40, [ Rayalaseema Expressway ] which runs from Kurnool to Chittoor, are the major highways passing through the city.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: The city has a total road length of 519.22 km State owned bus transport system, APSRTC, operates buses from Kurnool bus station to other parts of the state.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Kurnool City railway station lies on the Bengaluru – Hyderabad railway line. It is classified as an "A–category station" in the Hyderabad railway division of South Central Railway zone. Another railway station name Kotla lies in the middle of the city.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Kurnool Airport, officially known as Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy Airport, is located at Orvakal and is situated on the National Highway 40, about from Kurnool and from Nandyal. Commercial operations of the greenfield airport were started in March 2021.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Kurnool

Context: Kurnool is endowed with good mineral resources. The important minerals are Iron ore, dolomite, limestone, ochre, quartz and silica.

Question: కర్నూలు ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ కు ఎన్ని సంవత్సరాలు రాజధానిగా ఉంది?


Keerthy Suresh

Context: Keerthy Suresh (born 17 October 1992) is an Indian actress who appears predominantly in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. She won the National Film Award for Best Actress for portraying actress Savitri in the Telugu film "Mahanati" (2018). She has also received three SIIMA Awards, one Filmfare Award South, and two Zee Cine Awards Telugu among others for her performance in various films.

Question: కీర్తి సురేష్ తమిళంలో నటించిన మొదటి చిత్రం ఏది?


Keerthy Suresh

Context: Her Telugu debut was planned to be "Ainaa Ishtam Nuvvu." However, the film is delayed since 2015, with reports of release after September 2020 under a new title "Janakitho Nenu." Subsequently, the debut was the 2016 film Nenu Sailaja with actor Ram Pothineni. In January 2017, Keerthy appeared in "Bairavaa", opposite actor Vijay and directed by Bharathan. She also appeared in Tamil film "Paambhu Sattai" and Telugu film "Nenu Local" in 2017.

Question: కీర్తి సురేష్ తమిళంలో నటించిన మొదటి చిత్రం ఏది?


Keerthy Suresh

Context: In 2021, Keerthy starred in the Telugu language film "Rang De" opposite Nithiin. Keerthy’s next film "Annaatthe" starring Rajinikanth directed by Siva opened to negative reviews but was a commercial success. Her next release was the Malayalam film "" starring Mohanlal directed by Priyadarshan, which opened to mixed reviews despite the hype surrounding it.

Question: కీర్తి సురేష్ తమిళంలో నటించిన మొదటి చిత్రం ఏది?


Keerthy Suresh

Context: Her next set of films include the Chiranjeevi-starrer "Bholaa Shankar", the Mari Selvaraj directorial "Maamannan" and the Nani-starrer "Dasara".

Question: కీర్తి సురేష్ తమిళంలో నటించిన మొదటి చిత్రం ఏది?


V. S. Achuthanandan

Context: Achuthanandan was a member of the CPI(M) Politburo from 1985 until July 2009, when he was reverted to the Central Committee of the party owing to his ideological dispositions.

Question: 2011 నాటికి కేరళ రాష్ట్ర ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎవరు ?


V. S. Achuthanandan

Context: Born on 20 October 1923 to Sankaran and Accamma in Punnapra, Alappuzha, Travancore (part of present-day Kerala state, India), he lost his mother when he was four years old and subsequently lost his father aged 11. This forced him to quit his studies after finishing 7th standard in school and college. He started working by helping his elder brother in a village tailoring shop. Later he took up the job of meshing coir to make ropes at a coir factory.

Question: 2011 నాటికి కేరళ రాష్ట్ర ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎవరు ?


V. S. Achuthanandan

Context: V.S Achuthanandan was in the forefront of the land struggles in Kerala starting with the Alappuzha declaration in 1970 demanding implementation of the Land Reforms Act passed by the EMS Government in 1967. Later his activities as the leader of the Opposition in the Kerala Assembly had evoked good public response.

Question: 2011 నాటికి కేరళ రాష్ట్ర ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎవరు ?


V. S. Achuthanandan

Context: The CPI(M) denied a seat to Achuthanandan for the 2011 assembly election. Protests took place across the state and even on social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook and via SMS.

Question: 2011 నాటికి కేరళ రాష్ట్ర ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎవరు ?


V. S. Achuthanandan

Context: The Technopark in Kollam was initiated, planned and constructed during Achuthanandan government. The plan for setting up the first district IT park in Kerala at Kollam was announced in January 2009. The Foundation stone was laid by Achuthanandan on February 2009. The park was set up expecting employment to the tune of 20,000 and investments of 800 crores.

Question: 2011 నాటికి కేరళ రాష్ట్ర ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎవరు ?


V. S. Achuthanandan

Context: In 2009, Achuthanandan ministry started the work of Infopark Cherthala in Alappuzha. The project was inaugurated by

Question: 2011 నాటికి కేరళ రాష్ట్ర ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎవరు ?


V. S. Achuthanandan

Context: Achuthanandan on 10 January 2011. With the state’s IT sector witnessing a phenomenal growth, it has become necessary to expand Infopark, Kochi, to the satellite towns of the city. Infrastructure development at the IT parks at Infopark Cherthala, Infopark Ambalappuzha and InfoPark Thrissur, which are the satellite units of Infopark, Kochi, were progressing fast. Achuthanandan laid the foundation stone of the second phase of Infopark at Kakkanad. The project is developed on 160 acres.

Question: 2011 నాటికి కేరళ రాష్ట్ర ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎవరు ?


V. S. Achuthanandan

Context: In 2008, Achudanandan government proposed an International airport in Mattannur, Kannur. Two years later, Achuthanandan laid the foundation stone for the Kannur International Airport at the project site marking the formal commencement of construction activities on 17 December 2010 at a function attended by the then Civil Aviation Minister Praful Patel.

Question: 2011 నాటికి కేరళ రాష్ట్ర ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎవరు ?


V. S. Achuthanandan

Context: In 2008, Achuthanandan government approved the Kochi Metro rail project in a cabinet meeting held on 2 January 2008 and sent to Central Government for ratification.

Question: 2011 నాటికి కేరళ రాష్ట్ర ముఖ్యమంత్రి ఎవరు ?


History of mobile phones

Context: The history of mobile phones covers mobile communication devices that connect wirelessly to the public switched telephone network.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: While the transmission of speech by signal has a long history, the first devices that were wireless, mobile, and also capable of connecting to the standard telephone network are much more recent. The first such devices were barely portable compared to today's compact hand-held devices, and their use was clumsy.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Drastic changes have taken place in both the networking of wireless communication and the prevalence of its use, with smartphones becoming common globally and a growing proportion of Internet access now done via mobile broadband.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: The Second World War (1939-1945) saw the military use of radio-telephony links. Hand-held radio transceivers have been available since the 1940s. Mobile telephones for automobiles became available from some telephone companies in the 1940s. Early devices were bulky, consumed large amounts of power, and the network supported only a few simultaneous conversations. (Modern cellular networks allow automatic and pervasive use of mobile phones for voice- and data-communication.)

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In the USSR, Leonid Kupriyanovich, an engineer from Moscow, developed and presented a number of experimental pocket-sized communications radios in 1957-1961. The weight of one model, presented in 1961, was only 70 g and could fit in a palm. However, in the USSR the decision at first to develop the system of the automobile "Altai" phone was made.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In 1965 the Bulgarian company "Radioelektronika" presented a mobile automatic phone combined with a base station at the Inforga-65 international exhibition in Moscow. Solutions of this phone were based on a system developed by Leonid Kupriyanovich. One base station, connected to one telephone wire line, could serve up to 15 customers.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Advances in mobile telephony can be traced in successive "generations" from the early "0G" services like MTS and its successor Improved Mobile Telephone Service, to first-generation (1G) analog cellular networks (1979–), second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks (1991–), third-generation (3G) broadband data services (launched commercially in 2001) to the fourth-generation (4G) native-IP networks (launched in 2006 in South Korea). 5G began deployment in 2019.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Another important enabling factor was the lithium-ion battery, which became indispensable as an energy source for cell phones. The lithium-ion battery was invented by John Goodenough, Rachid Yazami and Akira Yoshino in the 1980s, and commercialized by Sony and Asahi Kasei in 1991.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In 1949, AT&T commercialized Mobile Telephone Service. From its start in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1946, AT&T introduced Mobile Telephone Service to one hundred towns and highway corridors by 1948. Mobile Telephone Service was a rarity with only 5,000 customers placing about each week. Calls were set up manually by an operator and the user had to depress a button on the handset to speak and release the button to listen. The call subscriber equipment weighed about

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Subscriber growth and revenue generation were hampered by the constraints of the technology. Because only three radio channels were available, only three customers in any given city could make mobile telephone calls at one time. Mobile Telephone Service was expensive, costing US$15 per month, plus $0.30–0.40 per local call, equivalent to (in 2012 US dollars) about $176 per month and $3.50–4.75 per call.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In the UK, there was also a vehicle-based system called "Post Office Radiophone Service," which was launched around the city of Manchester in 1959, and although it required callers to speak to an operator, it was possible to be put through to any subscriber in Great Britain. The service was extended to London in 1965 and other major cities in 1972.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: AT&T introduced the first major improvement to mobile telephony in 1965, giving the improved service the obvious name of Improved Mobile Telephone Service. IMTS used additional radio channels, allowing more simultaneous calls in a given geographic area, introduced customer dialing, eliminating manual call setup by an operator, and reduced the size and weight of the subscriber equipment.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Despite the capacity improvement offered by IMTS, demand outstripped capacity. In agreement with state regulatory agencies, AT&T limited the service to just system wide. In New York City, for example, shared just 12 radio channels and typically had to wait 30 minutes to place a call.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Radio Common Carrier or RCC was a service introduced in the 1960s by independent telephone companies to compete against AT&T's IMTS. RCC systems used paired UHF 454/459 MHz and VHF 152/158 MHz frequencies near those used by IMTS. RCC based services were provided until the 1980s when cellular AMPS systems made RCC equipment obsolete.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: At the end of RCC's existence, industry associations were working on a technical standard that would have allowed roaming, and some mobile users had multiple decoders to enable operation with more than one of the common signaling formats (600/1500, 2805, and Reach). Manual operation was often a fallback for RCC roamers.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In 1969 Penn Central Railroad equipped commuter trains along the New York-Washington route with special pay phones that allowed passengers to place telephone calls while the train was moving. The system re-used six frequencies in the 450 MHz band in nine sites.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In the UK, Channel Islands and elsewhere the "Rabbit" phone system was briefly used, being a hybrid of "cell" base stations and handsets. One major limitation was that you had to be less than 300 feet (closer with buildings) from a base due to power limitations on a portable device.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: With modern technology a similar variant is being considered for Apple's new 4G "smart watch" so they can be used in large events in a broadly similar way to a femtocell.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In 1966 Norway had a system called OLT which was manually controlled. Finland's ARP, launched in 1971, was also manual as was the Swedish MTD. All were replaced by the automatic NMT, (Nordic Mobile Telephone) system in the early 1980s.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In July 1971 Readycall was introduced in London by Burndept after obtaining a special concession to break the Post Office monopoly to allow selective calling to mobiles of calls from the public telephone system. This system was available to the public for a subscription of £16 month. A year later the service was extended to two other UK towns.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: West Germany had a network called A-Netz launched in 1952 as the country's first public commercial mobile phone network. In 1972 this was displaced by B-Netz which connected calls automatically.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: A cellular telephone switching plan was described by Fluhr and Nussbaum in 1973, and a cellular telephone data signaling system was described in 1977 by Hachenburg et al.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In 1966, Bulgaria presented the pocket mobile automatic phone RAT-0,5 combined with a base station RATZ-10 (RATC-10) on Interorgtechnika-66 international exhibition. One base station, connected to one telephone wire line, could serve up to six customers.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: One of the first successful public commercial mobile phone networks was the ARP network in Finland, launched in 1971. Posthumously, ARP is sometimes viewed as a "zero generation" (0G) cellular network, being slightly above previous proprietary and limited coverage networks.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Newer technology has been developed and rolled out in a series of waves or generations. The "generation" terminology only became widely used when 3G was launched, but is now used retrospectively when referring to the earlier systems.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: The first automatic analog cellular systems ever deployed were NTT's system first used in 1979 for car phones in Tokyo (and later the rest of the country of Japan), and the NMT system which was released in the Nordic countries in 1981.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAC 8000X mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100M to develop, and took over a decade to reach the market. The phone had a talk time of just thirty minutes and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In February 1986 Australia launched its Cellular Telephone System by Telecom Australia. Peter Reedman was the first Telecom Customer to be connected on 6 January 1986 along with five other subscribers as test customers prior to the official launch date of 28 February.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In the 1990s, the 'second generation' mobile phone systems emerged. Two systems competed for supremacy in the global market: the European developed GSM standard and the U.S. developed CDMA standard. These differed from the previous generation by using digital instead of analog transmission, and also fast out-of-band phone-to-network signaling. The rise in mobile phone usage as a result of 2G was explosive and this era also saw the advent of prepaid mobile phones.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In 1991 the first GSM network (Radiolinja) launched in Finland. In general the frequencies used by 2G systems in Europe were higher than those in America, though with some overlap. For example, the 900 MHz frequency range was used for both 1G and 2G systems in Europe, so the 1G systems were rapidly closed down to make space for the 2G systems. In America the IS-54 standard was deployed in the same band as AMPS and displaced some of the existing analog channels.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Coinciding with the introduction of 2G systems was a trend away from the larger "brick" phones toward tiny hand-held devices. This change was possible not only through technological improvements such as more advanced batteries and more energy-efficient electronics, but also because of the higher density of cell sites to accommodate increasing usage. The latter meant that the average distance transmission from phone to the base station shortened, leading to increased battery life while on the move.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: The second generation introduced a new variant of communication called SMS or text messaging. It was initially available only on GSM networks but spread eventually on all digital networks. The first machine-generated SMS message was sent in the UK on 3 December 1992 followed in 1993 by the first person-to-person SMS sent in Finland. The advent of prepaid services in the late 1990s soon made SMS the communication method of choice among the young, a trend which spread across all ages.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: 2G also introduced the ability to access media content on mobile phones. In 1998 the first downloadable content sold to mobile phones was the ring tone, launched by Finland's Radiolinja (now Elisa). Advertising on the mobile phone first appeared in Finland when a free daily SMS news headline service was launched in 2000, sponsored by advertising.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Mobile payments were trialed in 1998 in Finland and Sweden where a mobile phone was used to pay for a Coca-Cola vending machine and car parking. Commercial launches followed in 1999 in Norway. The first commercial payment system to mimic banks and credit cards was launched in the Philippines in 1999 simultaneously by mobile operators Globe and Smart.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Inevitably this led to many competing standards with different contenders pushing their own technologies, and the vision of a single unified worldwide standard looked far from reality. The standard 2G CDMA networks became 3G compliant with the adoption of Revision A to EV-DO, which made several additions to the protocol while retaining backwards compatibility:

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: The high connection speeds of 3G technology enabled a transformation in the industry: for the first time, media streaming of radio (and even television) content to 3G handsets became possible, with companies such as RealNetworks and Disney among the early pioneers in this type of offering.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: In the mid-2000s, an evolution of 3G technology began to be implemented, namely High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It is an enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also coined 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.0 Mbit/s.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: By the end of 2007, there were 295 million subscribers on 3G networks worldwide, which reflected 9% of the total worldwide subscriber base. About two thirds of these were on the WCDMA standard and one third on the EV-DO standard. The 3G telecoms services generated over $120 billion of revenues during 2007 and at many markets the majority of new phones activated were 3G phones. In Japan and South Korea the market no longer supplies phones of the second generation.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: One of the main ways in which 4G differed technologically from 3G was in its elimination of circuit switching, instead employing an all-IP network. Thus, 4G ushered in a treatment of voice calls just like any other type of streaming audio media, using packet switching over Internet, LAN or WAN networks via VoIP.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: "5G" is the next version of cellular mobile telephone standards. The 5G standards include millimetre-band radio spectrum to allow data speeds up to 1 gigabit per second, and reduce latency (the processing time to handle a data transmission) between handset and network to a few milliseconds. 5G standards also include low-band and mid-band spectrum similar to existing networks. Telephone companies are introducing 5G technology starting in 2019.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: Before a universal charger standard was agreed upon in the late 2000s users needed an adapter which was often proprietary by brand or manufacturer to charge their battery. Later, mobile phones from major brands typically used a USB cable with a micro-USB or, since the mid-2010s, USB-C interface. Apple's iPhone is the sole major brand to retain its own interface (30-pin dock connector replaced by Lightning in 2012).

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: , all new mobile phones applying for a license in China are required to use a USB port as a power port for battery charging. This was the first standard to use the convention of shorting D+ and D−.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: As well as the now-common cellular phone, there is also the very different approach of connecting directly from the handset to an Earth-orbiting satellite. Such mobile phones can be used in remote areas out of reach of wired networks or where construction of a cellular network is uneconomic.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


History of mobile phones

Context: The Inmarsat system is the oldest, originally developed in 1979 for safety of life at sea, and uses a series of satellites in geostationary orbits to cover the majority of the globe. Several smaller operators use the same approach with just one or two satellites to provide a regional service. An alternative approach is to use a series of low Earth orbit satellites much closer to Earth. This is the basis of the Iridium and Globalstar satellite phone services.

Question: మొదటి మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ని తయారుచేసిన సంస్థ ఏది ?


Vijayanagara Empire

Context: "Karnata Rajya" (Karnata Kingdom) was another name for the Vijayanagara Empire, used in some inscriptions and literary works of the Vijayanagara times including the Sanskrit work "Jambavati Kalyanam" by King Krishnadevaraya and Telugu work "Vasu Charitamu".

Question: విజయనగరం సామ్రాజ్యాన్ని మొదట ఏ వంశీయులు పాలించారు?


Vijayanagara Empire

Context: Before the early 14th-century rise of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Hindu states of the Deccan – the Yadava Empire of Devagiri, the Kakatiya dynasty of Warangal, and the Pandyan Empire of Madurai – were repeatedly raided and attacked by Muslims from the north. By 1336 the upper Deccan region (modern-day Maharashtra and Telangana) had been defeated by armies of Sultan Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad bin Tughluq of the Delhi Sultanate.

Question: విజయనగరం సామ్రాజ్యాన్ని మొదట ఏ వంశీయులు పాలించారు?


Vijayanagara Empire

Context: Mahanavami festival marked the beginning of a financial year from when the state treasury accounted for and reconciled all outstanding dues within nine days. At this time, an updated annual assessment record of provincial dues, which included rents and taxes, paid on a monthly basis by each governor was created under royal decree.

Question: విజయనగరం సామ్రాజ్యాన్ని మొదట ఏ వంశీయులు పాలించారు?


Vijayanagara Empire

Context: Sati practice is evidenced in Vijayanagara ruins by several inscriptions known as "Satikal" (Sati stone) or "Sati-virakal" (Sati hero stone). There are controversial views among historians regarding this practice including religious compulsion, marital affection, martyrdom or honor against subjugation by foreign intruders.

Question: విజయనగరం సామ్రాజ్యాన్ని మొదట ఏ వంశీయులు పాలించారు?


Vijayanagara Empire

Context: The defeat of the Jain Western Ganga Dynasty by the Cholas in the early 11th century and the rising numbers of followers of Vaishnava Hinduism and Virashaivism in the 12th century was mirrored by a decreased interest in Jainism. Two notable locations of Jain worship in the Vijayanagara territory were Shravanabelagola and Kambadahalli.

Question: విజయనగరం సామ్రాజ్యాన్ని మొదట ఏ వంశీయులు పాలించారు?


Vijayanagara Empire

Context: Notable among secular writings on music and medicine were Vidyaranya's "Sangitsara", Praudha Raya's "Ratiratnapradipika", Sayana's "Ayurveda Sudhanidhi" and Lakshmana Pandita's "Vaidyarajavallabham". The Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics flourished during this period with scholars such as Madhava, who made important contributions to trigonometry and calculus, and Nilakantha Somayaji, who postulated on the orbitals of planets.

Question: విజయనగరం సామ్రాజ్యాన్ని మొదట ఏ వంశీయులు పాలించారు?


Bellamkonda Sreenivas

Context: Bellamkonda Sai Sreenivas is the son of Telugu film producer Bellamkonda Suresh. He finished acting course at Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute at Los Angeles (USA) and Barry John Acting Studio at Mumbai (India). He also underwent professional training in Vietnam for martial arts and stunts. His younger brother Ganesh Bellamkonda is set to make his Tollywood debut as an actor.

Question: బెల్లంకొండ శ్రీనివాస్ నటించిన మొదటి చిత్రం పేరేమిటి?


Bellamkonda Sreenivas

Context: In November 2020, the Hindi remake of the Telugu film "Chatrapathi" (2005) was announced, which would mark his Bollywood debut. V. V. Vinayak is signed as its director. In August 2021, he announced his next film titled Stuartpuram Donga. The movie chronicles the life of notorious thief Tiger Nageswara Rao of Stuartpuram.

Question: బెల్లంకొండ శ్రీనివాస్ నటించిన మొదటి చిత్రం పేరేమిటి?


Arecaceae

Context: Palms are among the best known and most extensively cultivated plant families. They have been important to humans throughout much of history. Many common products and foods are derived from palms. In contemporary times, palms are also widely used in landscaping. In many historical cultures, because of their importance as food, palms were symbols for such ideas as victory, peace, and fertility. For inhabitants of cooler climates today, palms symbolize the tropics and vacations.

Question: తాటి చెట్టు ఏ జాతికి చెందిన చెట్టు?


Arecaceae

Context: Palms are a monophyletic group of plants, meaning the group consists of a common ancestor and all its descendants. Extensive taxonomic research on palms began with botanist H.E. Moore, who organized palms into 15 major groups based mostly on general morphological characteristics. The following classification, proposed by N.W. Uhl and J. Dransfield in 1987, is a revision of Moore's classification that organizes palms into six subfamilies. A few general traits of each subfamily are listed below.

Question: తాటి చెట్టు ఏ జాతికి చెందిన చెట్టు?


Arecaceae

Context: Human use of palms is at least as old as human civilization itself, starting with the cultivation of the date palm by Mesopotamians and other Middle Eastern peoples 5000 years or more ago. Date wood, pits for storing dates, and other remains of the date palm have been found in Mesopotamian sites. The date palm had a tremendous effect on the history of the Middle East. W.H. Barreveld wrote:

Question: తాటి చెట్టు ఏ జాతికి చెందిన చెట్టు?


Arecaceae

Context: An indication of the importance of palms in ancient times is that they are mentioned more than 30 times in the Bible, and at least 22 times in the Quran.

Question: తాటి చెట్టు ఏ జాతికి చెందిన చెట్టు?


Arecaceae

Context: The rarest palm known is "Hyophorbe amaricaulis". The only living individual remains at the Botanic Gardens of Curepipe in Mauritius.

Question: తాటి చెట్టు ఏ జాతికి చెందిన చెట్టు?


Arecaceae

Context: Some pests are specialists to particular taxa. Pests that attack a "variety" of species of palms include:

Question: తాటి చెట్టు ఏ జాతికి చెందిన చెట్టు?


Arecaceae

Context: The canopies of the Rathayatra carts which carry the deities of Krishna and his family members in the cart festival of Jagganath Puri in India are marked with the emblem of a palm tree. Specifically it is the symbol of Krishna's brother, Baladeva.

Question: తాటి చెట్టు ఏ జాతికి చెందిన చెట్టు?


Arecaceae

Context: In 1840, the American geologist Edward Hitchcock (1793–1864) published the first tree-like paleontology chart in his "Elementary Geology", with two separate trees of life for the plants and the animals. These are crowned (graphically) with the Palms and with Man.

Question: తాటి చెట్టు ఏ జాతికి చెందిన చెట్టు?


Arecaceae

Context: Palms appear on the flags and seals of several places where they are native, including those of Haiti, Guam, Saudi Arabia, Florida, and South Carolina.

Question: తాటి చెట్టు ఏ జాతికి చెందిన చెట్టు?


Emu

Context: Emus are soft-feathered, brown, flightless birds with long necks and legs, and can reach up to in height. Emus can travel great distances, and when necessary can sprint at ; they forage for a variety of plants and insects, but have been known to go for weeks without eating. They drink infrequently, but take in copious amounts of water when the opportunity arises.

Question: ఆస్ట్రేలియా జాతీయ జంతువు పేరు ఏంటి?


Emu

Context: Emus are diurnal birds and spend their day foraging, preening their plumage with their beak, dust bathing and resting. They are generally gregarious birds apart from the breeding season, and while some forage, others remain vigilant to their mutual benefit. They are able to swim when necessary, although they rarely do so unless the area is flooded or they need to cross a river.

Question: ఆస్ట్రేలియా జాతీయ జంతువు పేరు ఏంటి?


Emu

Context: If a male is interested, he will stretch his neck and erect his feathers, then bend over and peck at the ground. He will circle around and sidle up to the female, swaying his body and neck from side to side, and rubbing his breast against his partner's rump. Often the female will reject his advances with aggression, but if amenable, she signals acceptance by squatting down and raising her rump.

Question: ఆస్ట్రేలియా జాతీయ జంతువు పేరు ఏంటి?


Emu

Context: Emu fat is rendered to produce oil for cosmetics, dietary supplements, and therapeutic products. The oil is obtained from the subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat; the macerated adipose tissue is heated and the liquefied fat is filtered to get a clear oil. This consists mainly of fatty acids of which oleic acid (42%), linoleic and palmitic acids (21% each) are the most prominent components. It also contains various anti-oxidants, notably carotenoids and flavones.

Question: ఆస్ట్రేలియా జాతీయ జంతువు పేరు ఏంటి?