History of television

Context: Preparations for color transmissions in the PAL color system started in the second half of the 1960s. However, due to the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and the following normalization period, the broadcaster was ultimately forced to adopt the SECAM color system used by the rest of the Eastern Bloc. Regular color transmissions eventually started in 1973, with television studios using PAL equipment and the output signal only being transcoded to SECAM at transmitter sites.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: After the Velvet Revolution, it was decided to switch to the PAL standard. The new OK3 channel was launched by Czechoslovak Television in May 1990 and broadcast in the format from the very start. The remaining channels switched to PAL by July 1, 1992. Commercial television didn't start broadcasting until after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The first experiments in television broadcasting began in France in the 1930s, although the French did not immediately employ the new technology.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In November 1929, Bernard Natan established France's first television company, Télévision-Baird-Natan. On April 14, 1931, there took place the first transmission with a thirty-line standard by René Barthélemy. On December 6, 1931, Henri de France created the Compagnie Générale de Télévision (CGT). In December 1932, Barthélemy carried out an experimental program in black and white (definition: 60 lines) one hour per week, "Paris Télévision", which gradually became daily from early 1933.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: After the end of World War II, the victorious Allies imposed a general ban on all radio and television broadcasting in Germany. Radio broadcasts for information purposes were soon permitted again, but television broadcasting was allowed to resume only in 1948.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: When color was introduced, West Germany (1967) chose a variant of the NTSC color system, modified by Walter Bruch and called PAL. East Germany (1969) accepted the French SECAM system, which was used in Eastern European countries. With the reunification of Germany, it was decided to switch to the PAL color system. The system was changed in December 1990.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In Italy, the first experimental tests on television broadcasts were made in Turin since 1934. The city already hosted the Center for Management of the EIAR (lately renamed as RAI) at the premises of the Theatre of Turin. Subsequently, the EAIR established offices in Rome and Milan.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: On July 22, 1939, comes into operation in Rome the first television transmitter at the EIAR station, which performed a regular broadcast for about a year using a 441-line system that was developed in Germany. In September of the same year, a second television transmitter was installed in Milan, making experimental broadcasts during major events in the city.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The broadcasts were suddenly ended on May 31, 1940, by order of the government, allegedly because of interferences encountered in the first air navigation systems. Also, the imminent participation in the war is believed to have played a role in this decision. EIAR transmitting equipment was relocated to Germany by the German troops. Lately, it was returned to Italy.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Sony first demonstrated a wideband analog high-definition television system HDTV capable video camera, monitor and video tape recorder (VTR) in April 1981 at an international meeting of television engineers in Algiers. The Sony HDVS range was launched in April 1984, with the HDC-100 camera, HDV-100 video recorder and HDS-100 video switcher all working in the 1125-line component video format with interlaced video and a 5:3 aspect ratio.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The Soviet Union began offering 30-line electromechanical test broadcasts in Moscow on October 31, 1931, and a commercially manufactured television set in 1932.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: First electronic television system on 180 lines at 25 fps was created in the beginning of 1935 in Leningrad (St. Petersburg). In September 1937 the experimental Leningrad TV Center (OLTC) was put in action. OLTC worked with 240 lines at 25 fps progressive scan.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In Moscow, experimental transmissions of electronic television took place on March 9, 1937, using equipment manufactured by RCA. Regular broadcasting began on December 31, 1938. It was quickly realized that 343 lines of resolution offered by this format would have become insufficient in the long run, thus a specification for 441-line format at 25 fps interlaced was developed in 1940.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Television broadcasts were suspended during Great Patriotic War. In 1944, while the war was still raging, a new standard, offering 625 lines of vertical resolution was prepared. This format was ultimately accepted as a national standard.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Starting in 1951, broadcasting in the 625-line standard was introduced in other major cities of the Soviet Union.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: On November 2, 1936, the BBC began transmitting the world's first public regular high-definition service from the Victorian Alexandra Palace in north London. It therefore claims to be the birthplace of TV broadcasting as we know it today. It was a dual-system service, alternating between Marconi-EMI's 405-line standard and Baird's improved 240-line standard, from Alexandra Palace in London. The BBC Television Service continues to this day.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The first transatlantic television signal was sent in 1928 from London to New York by the Baird Television Development Company/Cinema Television, although this signal was not broadcast to the public. The first live satellite signal to Britain from the United States was broadcast via the Telstar satellite on July 23, 1962.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The first regularly scheduled television service in the United States began on July 2, 1928, fifteen months before the United Kingdom. The Federal Radio Commission authorized C. F. Jenkins to broadcast from experimental station W3XK in Wheaton, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. For at least the first eighteen months, 48-line silhouette images from motion picture film were broadcast, although beginning in the summer of 1929 he occasionally broadcast in halftones.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: General Electric's experimental station in Schenectady, New York, on the air sporadically since January 13, 1928, was able to broadcast reflected-light, 48-line images via shortwave as far as Los Angeles, and by September was making four television broadcasts weekly. It is considered to be the direct predecessor of current television station WRGB. "The Queen's Messenger", a one-act play broadcast on September 11, 1928, was the world's first live drama on television.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Radio giant RCA began daily experimental television broadcasts in New York City in March 1929 over station W2XBS, the predecessor of current television station WNBC. The 60-line transmissions consisted of pictures, signs, and views of persons and objects. Experimental broadcasts continued to 1931.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allowed stations to broadcast advertisements beginning in July 1941, but required public service programming commitments as a requirement for a license. By contrast, the United Kingdom chose a different route, imposing a television license fee on owners of television reception equipment to fund the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which had public service as part of its royal charter.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: By 1947, when there were 40 million radios in the U.S., there were about 44,000 television sets (with probably 30,000 in the New York area). Regular network television broadcasts began on NBC on a three-station network linking New York with the Capital District and Philadelphia in 1944; on the DuMont Television Network in 1946, and on CBS and ABC in 1948.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Following the rapid rise of television after the war, the Federal Communications Commission was flooded with applications for television station licenses. With more applications than available television channels, the FCC ordered a freeze on processing station applications in 1948 that remained in effect until April 14, 1952.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: With the widespread adoption of cable across the United States in the 1970s and 80s, terrestrial television broadcasts have been in decline; in 2013 it was estimated that about 7% of US households used an antenna. A slight increase in use began around 2010 due to a switchover to digital terrestrial television broadcasts, which offer pristine image quality over very large areas, and offered an alternate to CATV for cord cutters.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Early cable television was analog, but since the 2000s all cable operators have switched to, or are in the process of switching to, digital cable television.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The direct-broadcast satellite television signals were earlier analog signals and later digital signals, both of which require a compatible receiver. Digital signals may include high-definition television (HDTV). Some transmissions and channels are free-to-air or free-to-view, while many other channels are pay television requiring a subscription.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In 1945 British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke proposed a worldwide communications system that would function by means of three satellites equally spaced apart in earth orbit. This was published in the October 1945 issue of the Wireless World magazine and won him the Franklin Institute's Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1963.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The first satellite television signals from Europe to North America were relayed via the Telstar satellite over the Atlantic ocean on July 23, 1962. The signals were received and broadcast in North American and European countries and watched by over 100 million. Launched in 1962, the "Relay 1" satellite was the first satellite to transmit television signals from the US to Japan. The first geosynchronous communication satellite, Syncom 2, was launched on July 26, 1963.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Early satellite television systems were not very popular due to their expense and large dish size. The satellite television dishes of the systems in the late 1970s and early 1980s were in diameter, made of fibreglass or solid aluminum or steel, and in the United States cost more than $5,000, sometimes as much as $10,000. Programming sent from ground stations was relayed from eighteen satellites in geostationary orbit located above the Earth.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Originally, all channels were broadcast in the clear (ITC) because the equipment necessary to receive the programming was too expensive for consumers. With the growing number of TVRO systems, the program providers and broadcasters had to scramble their signal and develop subscription systems.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Videocipher II used analog scrambling on its video signal and Data Encryption Standard based encryption on its audio signal. VideoCipher II was defeated, and there was a black market for descrambler devices, which were initially sold as "test" devices.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In the US in the early 1990s, four large cable companies launched PrimeStar, a direct broadcasting company using medium power satellite. The relatively strong transmissions allowed the use of smaller (90 cm) dishes. Its popularity declined with the 1994 launch of the Hughes DirecTV and Dish Network satellite television systems.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Internet television should not to be confused with Smart TV, IPTV or with Web TV. Smart television refers to the TV set that has an inbuilt operating system. Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is one of the emerging Internet television technology standards for use by television broadcasters. Web television is a term used for programs created by a wide variety of companies and individuals for broadcast on Internet TV.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Mechanical televisions were commercially sold from 1928 to 1934 in the United Kingdom, United States, and Soviet Union. The earliest commercially made televisions sold by Baird called Televisors in the UK in 1928 were radios with the addition of a television device consisting of a neon tube behind a mechanically spinning disk (patented by German engineer Paul Nipkow in 1884) with a spiral of apertures first mass-produced television set, selling about a thousand units.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: By the late 2000s, CRT display technology was largely supplanted worldwide by flat-panel displays such as LCD. Flat-panel television, especially LCD, has become the dominant form of television since the early 2010s.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The first national live television broadcast in the U.S. took place on September 4, 1951, when President Harry Truman's speech at the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference in San Francisco was transmitted over AT&T's transcontinental cable and microwave radio relay system to broadcast stations in local markets.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The first live coast-to-coast commercial television broadcast in the U.S. took place on November 18, 1951, during the premiere of CBS's "See It Now", which showed a split-screen view of the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The Eurovision Song Contest held yearly from 1956 by the European Broadcasting Union was launched, among other goals, with the aim to make technical improvements in the field of simultaneous sharing of TV signals across main national European broadcasters, a technical challenge by that time. It is the longest-running annual international televised music competition.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In 1958, the CBC completed the longest television network in the world, from Sydney, Nova Scotia to Victoria, British Columbia.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Reportedly, the first continuous live broadcast of a "breaking" news story in the world was conducted by the CBC during the Springhill mining disaster, which began on October 23, 1958.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The development of cable television and satellite television in the 1970s allowed for more channels and encouraged companies to target programming toward specific audiences. It also enabled the rise of subscription television channels, such as Home Box Office (HBO) and Showtime in the U.S., and Sky Television in the U.K.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) and metal active gas (MAG) is a welding process in which an electric arc forms between a consumable MIG wire electrode and the workpiece metal(s), which heats the workpiece metal(s), causing them to fuse (melt and join). Along with the wire electrode, a shielding gas feeds through the welding gun, which shields the process from atmospheric contamination.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: The process can be semi-automatic or automatic. A constant voltage, direct current power source is most commonly used with GMAW, but constant current systems, as well as alternating current, can be used. There are four primary methods of metal transfer in GMAW, called globular, short-circuiting, spray, and pulsed-spray, each of which has distinct properties and corresponding advantages and limitations.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: The spray-arc transfer variation was developed in the early 1960s, when experimenters added small amounts of oxygen to inert gases. More recently, pulsed current has been applied, giving rise to a new method called the pulsed spray-arc variation.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: To perform gas metal arc welding, the basic necessary equipment is a welding gun, a wire feed unit, a welding power supply, a welding electrode wire, and a shielding gas supply.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: The wire feed unit supplies the electrode to the work, driving it through the conduit and on to the contact tip. Most models provide the wire at a constant feed rate, but more advanced machines can vary the feed rate in response to the arc length and voltage. Some wire feeders can reach feed rates as high as 30 m/min (1200 in/min), but feed rates for semiautomatic GMAW typically range from 2 to 10 m/min (75 – 400 in/min).

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: Alternating current is rarely used with GMAW; instead, direct current is employed and the electrode is generally positively charged. Since the anode tends to have a greater heat concentration, this results in faster melting of the feed wire, which increases weld penetration and welding speed. The polarity can be reversed only when special emissive-coated electrode wires are used, but since these are not popular, a negatively charged electrode is rarely employed.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: Despite being poisonous, trace amounts of nitric oxide can be used to prevent the even more troublesome ozone from being formed in the arc.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: GMAW has also been used as a low-cost method to 3-D print metal objects. Various open source 3-D printers have been developed to use GMAW. Such components fabricated from aluminum compete with more traditionally manufactured components on mechanical strength. By forming a bad weld on the first layer, GMAW 3-D printed parts can be removed from the substrate with a hammer.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: For most of its applications gas metal arc welding is a fairly simple welding process to learn requiring no more than a week or two to master basic welding technique. Even when welding is performed by well-trained operators weld quality can fluctuate since it depends on a number of external factors. All GMAW is dangerous, though perhaps less so than some other welding methods, such as shielded metal arc welding.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: Welders are often exposed to hazardous gases and airborne particulate matter. GMAW produces smoke containing particles of various types of oxides, and the size of the particles tends to influence the toxicity of the fumes. Smaller particles present greater danger. Concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone can prove dangerous if ventilation is inadequate. Other precautions include keeping combustible materials away from the workplace, and having a working fire extinguisher nearby.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: The three transfer modes in GMAW are globular, short-circuiting, and spray. There are a few recognized variations of these three transfer modes including modified short-circuiting and pulsed-spray.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: For thin materials, Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) is used by reducing the current when a short circuit is registered, producing many drops per second. CMT can be used for aluminum.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: Also, because of the large weld pool, it is often limited to flat and horizontal welding positions and sometimes also used for vertical-down welds. It is generally not practical for root pass welds. When a smaller electrode is used in conjunction with lower heat input, its versatility increases. The maximum deposition rate for spray arc GMAW is relatively high—about 600 mm/s (1500 in/min).

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: These gasless machines operate as DCEN, rather than the DCEP usually used for GMAW solid wire. DCEP, or DC Electrode Positive, makes the welding wire into the positively-charged anode, which is the hotter side of the arc. Provided that it is switchable from DCEN to DCEP, a gas-shielded wire-feed machine may also be used for flux-cored wire.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: Flux-cored wire is considered to have some advantages for outdoor welding on-site, as the shielding gas plume is less likely to be blown away in a wind than shield gas from a conventional nozzle. A slight drawback is that, like SMAW (stick) welding, there may be some flux deposited over the weld bead, requiring more of a cleaning process between passes.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


Gas metal arc welding

Context: Flux-cored welding machines are most popular at the hobbyist level, as the machines are slightly simpler but mainly because they avoid the cost of providing shield gas, either through a rented cylinder or with the high cost of disposable cylinders.

Question: Missä MIG-hitsaus keksittiin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: On June 22, 2016, the NHL confirmed that it had granted an expansion franchise in the city of Las Vegas to an ownership group led by Bill Foley, whose identity was revealed as the Vegas Golden Knights on November 22. The team plays in the Pacific Division of the Western Conference. In June 2017, the 2017 NHL Expansion Draft was held to fill out the Golden Knights roster.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: Players with Olympic aspirations who were free agents, especially those whose NHL prospects were marginal, were advised not to sign NHL contracts and, if they wished to play professionally, sign directly with minor league clubs to maintain Olympic eligibility. Former Buffalo Sabres captain Brian Gionta and former Olympian Jarome Iginla were among those who opted not to sign NHL contracts for the season prior to the Olympics; Iginla, because of a lingering injury, would not go to the Olympics.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: On June 18, 2017, the National Hockey League Players' Association announced that the salary cap would be set at $75 million per team for the 2017–18 season.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The Board of Governors has also stated that existing rules be fully enforced in certain situations that had become "unofficially" ignored:

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: This was the seventh season under the NHL's ten-year U.S. rights deal with NBC Sports, and the fourth season of its twelve-year Canadian rights deals with Sportsnet and TVA Sports. On December 19, 2017, Rogers Media renewed its sub-licensing agreement with CBC Television for "Hockey Night in Canada" (which was to expire after this season) through the remainder of its tenure as national rightsholder.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: Since CBC and NBC also hold the rights to air the Olympics in their respective countries, Rogers did not schedule any "HNIC" games on CBC during those Saturdays nights, only airing games on City and Sportsnet. NBC originally decided not to air any NHL games at all during the Olympics, but later reversed course, and added three Sunday afternoon telecasts during the Olympics.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: AT&T SportsNet Rocky Mountain (which, along with AT&T SportsNet Pittsburgh, the regional broadcaster of the Pittsburgh Penguins, re-branded from Root Sports over the off-season) was the inaugural regional television rightsholder for the Vegas Golden Knights. TSN re-gained regional English-language rights to the Montreal Canadiens, and extended its radio contract for co-owned CKGM. Rogers Media acquired the radio rights to the Vancouver Canucks for newly acquired 650 CISL.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The NHL's centennial commemorations continued into the 2017–18 season, as its 100th season of play. On March 17, 2017, the NHL announced that it would hold an outdoor game at TD Place Stadium between the Ottawa Senators and Montreal Canadiens on December 16, 2017, to formally mark the 100th anniversary of their first NHL game.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The Toronto Maple Leafs marked the centennial of the NHL's first game (which involved their predecessor, the Toronto Arenas) with a "Next Century Game" on December 19, 2017 against the Carolina Hurricanes; the team wore special Toronto Arenas jerseys, and season ticket holders were encouraged to donate their tickets to the MLSE Foundation to allow students to attend this matinee game. Mayor of Toronto John Tory also declared December 19 "Toronto Maple Leafs Day".

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: On March 30, 2017, it was announced that the Los Angeles Kings and Vancouver Canucks would play two preseason games in China; on September 21 at Mercedes-Benz Arena in Shanghai and September 23 at the Beijing Wukesong Culture & Sports Center in Beijing. These were the first NHL games played in China.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: This was the first NHL season since the 1966–67 season in which no coaching changes took place during the regular season.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The regular season began on October 4, 2017, and ended on April 8, 2018. Each team received a five-day "bye week", all of which took place in mid-January.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: Two regular season games between the Colorado Avalanche and the Ottawa Senators were played at Ericsson Globe in Stockholm, Sweden on November 10 and 11, 2017, branded as the SAP NHL Global Series.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The 63rd National Hockey League All-Star Game was held in Tampa, Florida at Amalie Arena, home of the Tampa Bay Lightning, on January 28, 2018. The format did not change, and followed the format used in two previous All-Star games.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The Florida Panthers – Boston Bruins game scheduled for January 4, 2018, at TD Garden in Boston, Massachusetts, was postponed due to the effects of the January 2018 nor'easter. The game was rescheduled for April 8, the day after the regular season was originally scheduled to end.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: 3. Greatest number of points earned in head-to-head play (If teams played an unequal # of head-to-head games, the result of the first game on the home ice of the team with the extra home game is discarded.)<br>

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The following players led the league in regular season points at the conclusion of games played on April 7, 2018.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The following goaltenders led the league in regular season goals against average at the conclusion of games played on April 8, 2018, while playing at least 1,800 minutes.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The following is a list of notable players who played their first NHL game during the 2017–18 season, listed with their first team.

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


2017–18 NHL season

Context: The following is a list of players of note who played their last NHL game in 2017–18, listed with their team:

Question: Kuka voitti kauden 2017-2018 Stanley cupin?


Haymarket affair

Context: In October 1884, a convention held by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions unanimously set May 1, 1886, as the date by which the eight-hour work day would become standard. As the chosen date approached, U.S. labor unions prepared for a general strike in support of the eight-hour day.

Question: Mitä Haymarketin tapauksesta seurasi?


Haymarket affair

Context: There seems to prevail the opinion in some quarters that this meeting has been called for the purpose of inaugurating a riot, hence these warlike preparations on the part of so-called 'law and order.' However, let me tell you at the beginning that this meeting has not been called for any such purpose. The object of this meeting is to explain the general situation of the eight-hour movement and to throw light upon various incidents in connection with it.

Question: Mitä Haymarketin tapauksesta seurasi?


Haymarket affair

Context: Of the eight defendants, five – Spies, Fischer, Engel, Lingg and Schwab – were German-born immigrants; a sixth, Neebe, was a U.S.-born citizen of German descent. The remaining two, Parsons and Fielden, born in the U.S. and England, respectively, were of British heritage.

Question: Mitä Haymarketin tapauksesta seurasi?


Haymarket affair

Context: Popular pressure continued for the establishment of the 8-hour day. At the convention of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1888, the union decided to campaign for the shorter workday again. May 1, 1890, was agreed upon as the date on which workers would strike for an eight-hour work day.

Question: Mitä Haymarketin tapauksesta seurasi?


Haymarket affair

Context: A secondary purpose behind the adoption of the resolution by the Second International was to honor the memory of the Haymarket martyrs and other workers who had been killed in association with the strikes on May 1, 1886. Historian Philip Foner writes "[t]here is little doubt that everyone associated with the resolution passed by the Paris Congress knew of the May 1 demonstrations and strikes for the eight-hour day in 1886 in the United States ... and the events associated with the Haymarket tragedy."

Question: Mitä Haymarketin tapauksesta seurasi?


Titan IV

Context: Titan IV was a family of heavy-lift space launch vehicles developed by Martin Marietta and operated by the United States Air Force from 1989 to 2005. Launches were conducted from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida and Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: Two Titan IV vehicles are currently on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio and the Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: The Titan IV was developed to provide assured capability to launch Space Shuttle–class payloads for the Air Force. The Titan IV could be launched with no upper stage, the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), or the Centaur upper stage.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: The Titan IV could be launched from either coast: SLC-40 or 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station near Cocoa Beach, Florida and at SLC-4E, at Vandenberg Air Force Base launch sites 55 miles northwest of Santa Barbara California. Launches to polar orbits occurred from Vandenberg, with most other launches taking place at Cape Canaveral.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: Titan IV-A flew with steel-cased solid UA1207 rocket motors (SRMs) produced by Chemical Systems Division.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: Due to this, the Titan IV-B vehicle was intended to use the new composite-casing Upgraded Solid Rocket Motors. Due to development problems the first few Titan IV-B launches flew with the old-style UA1207 SRMs.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: The IV A (40nA) used boosters with steel casings, the IV B (40nB) used boosters with composite casings (the SRMU).

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: Type 401 used a Centaur 3rd stage, type 402 used an IUS 3rd stage. The other 3 types (without 3rd stages) were 403, 404, and 405:

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: Development of the space launch only Titan III began in 1964, resulting in the Titan IIIA, eventually followed by the Titan IV-A and IV-B.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: The post-Challenger program added Titan IV versions with the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) or no upper stages, increased the number of flights, and converted LC-40 at the Cape for Titan IV launches. As of 1991, almost forty total Titan IV launches were scheduled and a new, improved SRM (solid rocket motor) casing using lightweight composite materials was introduced.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: In 1990, the Titan IV Selected Acquisition Report estimated the total cost for the acquisition of 65 Titan IV vehicles over a period of 16 years to US$18.3 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ billion in ).

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: In October 1997, a Titan IV-B rocket launched "Cassini–Huygens", a pair of probes sent to Saturn. It was the only use of a Titan IV for a non-Department of Defense launch. "Huygens" landed on Titan on January 14, 2005. "Cassini" remained in orbit around Saturn. The Cassini Mission ended on September 15, 2017 when the spacecraft was sent into Saturn's atmosphere to burn up.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: While an improvement over the shuttle, the Titan IV was expensive and unreliable. By the 1990s, there were also growing safety concerns over its toxic propellants. The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program resulted in the development of the Atlas V, Delta IV, and Delta IV Heavy launch vehicles, which replaced Titan IV and a number of other legacy launch systems. The new EELVs eliminated the use of hypergolic propellants, reduced costs, and were much more versatile than the legacy vehicles.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Titan IV

Context: An extensive recovery effort was launched, both to diagnose the cause of the accident and recover debris from the classified satellite. All of the debris from the Titan had impacted offshore, between three and five miles downrange, and at least 30% of the booster was recovered from the sea floor. Debris continued to wash ashore for days afterward, and the salvage operation continued until October 15.

Question: Kuinka moni vaiheinen kantoraketti Titan IV oli?


Austrian schilling

Context: At the time of the changeover to the euro, the coins in circulation were the following. Coins under 10 groschen were rarely seen in circulation during their final years.

Question: Mikä oli Itävallan rahayksikkö ennen euroon siirtymistä?


Austrian schilling

Context: In 1925, the Oesterreichische Nationalbank issued notes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1,000 "Schillinge" (note the different spelling of the plural on this first 1925-series of notes).

Question: Mikä oli Itävallan rahayksikkö ennen euroon siirtymistä?


Tachi

Context: By the 11th century during the Heian period, "tachi" were exported to neighboring countries in Asia. For example, in the poem "The Song of Japanese Swords" Ouyang Xiu, a statesman of the Song Dynasty in China, described Japanese swords as "It is a treasured sword with a scabbard made of fragrant wood covered with fish skin, decorated with brass and copper, and capable of exorcising evil spirits. It is imported at a great cost.".

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: Historically in Japan, the ideal blade of a Japanese sword is considered to be the "kotō" in the Kamakura period, and the swordsmiths from the Edo period to the present day after the "Shinto" period focused on reproducing the blade of a Japanese sword in the Kamakura period. There are more than 100 Japanese swords designated as National Treasures in Japan, of which the "Kotō" of the Kamakura period account for 80% and the "tachi" account for 70%.

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: From the end of the Kamakura period to the end of the Muromachi period (1333－1573), "kawatsutsumi tachi" (革包太刀), which means a "tachi" wrapped in leather, was popular. The "kawatsutsumi tachi" was stronger than the "kurourushi tachi" because its hilt was wrapped in leather or ray skin, lacquer was painted on top of it, leather straps and cords were wrapped around it, and the scabbard and sometimes the "tsuba" (hand guard) were also wrapped in leather.

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: From this period, the tang ("nakago") of many old "tachi" were cut and shortened into "katana". This modification is called "suriage". For example, many of the "tachi" Masamune forged during the Kamakura period were converted into "katana", so his only existing works are "katana" and "tantō".

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: In the Sengoku period (1467－1615) or the Azuchi–Momoyama period (1568－1600), the "itomaki tachi" ("itomaki no tachi", 糸巻太刀), which means a "tachi" wound with thread, appeared and became the mainstream of "tachi" after that. "itomaki tachi" was decorated with gorgeous lacquer decorations with lots of "maki-e" and flashy colored threads, and was used as a gift, a ceremony, or an offering to the "kami" of Shinto shrines.

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: In later Japanese feudal history, during the Sengoku and Edo periods, certain high-ranking warriors of the ruling class wore their sword "tachi"-style (edge-downward), rather than with the scabbard thrust through the belt with the edge upward. This style of swords is called "handachi", "half "tachi"". In "handachi", styles were often mixed, for example, fastening to the "obi" was "katana" style, but metalworking of the scabbard was "tachi" style.

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: With the rising of statism in Shōwa Japan, the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy implemented swords called "shin guntō", worn "tachi" style (cutting-edge down).

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: With a few exceptions, "katana" and "tachi" can be distinguished from each other if signed by the location of the signature ("mei") on the tang. In general, the signature should be carved into the side of the tang facing outward as the sword is worn on the wielder's left waist. Since a "tachi" was worn cutting edge down, and the "katana" was worn cutting edge up, the "mei" would be in opposite locations on the tang of both types of swords.

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: An authentic "tachi" had an average cutting edge length () of 70–80 cm (– in), and compared to a katana, was generally lighter in proportion to its length, had a greater taper from hilt to point, was more curved and had a smaller point area for penetrating heavy clothing.

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: For a sword to be worn in "tachi" style, it needed to be mounted in a "tachi koshirae". The "tachi koshirae" has two hangers (ashi) so the sword can be worn in a horizontal position with the cutting edge down. A sword not mounted in a "tachi" koshirae could be worn "tachi" style by use of a "koshiate", a leather device allowing any sword to be worn in the "tachi" style.

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


Tachi

Context: Generally, the blade and the sword mounting of Japanese swords are displayed separately in museums, and this tendency is remarkable in Japan. For example, the Nagoya Japanese Sword Museum "Nagoya Touken World", one of Japan's largest sword museums, posts separate videos of the blade and the sword mounting on its official website and YouTube.

Question: Kuinka pitkä tachi-miekka oli?


South Slavs

Context: With the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, several independent sovereign states were formed. The term "Yugoslavs" was and sometimes still is used as a synonym for "South Slavs", but frequently excludes Bulgarians, and sometimes only refers to the citizens or inhabitants of former Yugoslavia, or only to those who officially registered themselves as ethnic Yugoslavs.

Question: Miten eteläslaavit määritellään?


South Slavs

Context: Ibn al-Faqih described two kinds of South Slavic people, the first of swarthy complexion and dark hair, living near the Adriatic coast, and the other as light, living in the hinterland.

Question: Miten eteläslaavit määritellään?


South Slavs

Context: In addition, there are substantial South Slavic minorities in neighbouring countries with a non-South-Slavic majority such as:

Question: Miten eteläslaavit määritellään?


South Slavs

Context: The religious and cultural diversity of the region the South Slavs inhabit has had a considerable influence on their religion. Originally a polytheistic pagan people, the South Slavs have also preserved many of their ancient rituals and traditional folklore, often intermixing and combining it with the religions they later converted to.

Question: Miten eteläslaavit määritellään?


South Slavs

Context: Today, the majority of South Slavs are Orthodox Christians; this includes most Bulgarians, Macedonians, Serbs and Montenegrins. Most Slovenes and Croats (including Bunjevci and Šokci) are Roman Catholics. Bosniaks and some other ethnic groups (Gorani, Ethnic Muslims) and sub-groups (Torbeši and Pomaks) are Muslims. Some South Slavs are atheist, agnostic and/or non-religious.

Question: Miten eteläslaavit määritellään?


South Slavs

Context: The South Slavic languages, one of three branches of the Slavic languages family (the other being West Slavic and East Slavic), form a dialect continuum. It comprises, from west to east, the official languages of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Bulgaria. The South Slavic languages are geographically divided from the rest of the Slavic languages by areas where Germanic (Austria), Hungarian and Romanian languages prevail.

Question: Miten eteläslaavit määritellään?


Value-action gap

Context: Even though many support pro-environmental trade in principle, this is often not taken into consideration as a purchase criterion. Cohen and Murphy (2001) argue that for around 40% of consumers the environmental friendliness of a product will never be a factor in purchasing decisions regardless of positive attitudes towards ethical consumption.

Question: Miten asenteet eroavat arvoista?


Value-action gap

Context: This raises issues regarding the effectiveness of methods used by NGOs, whose activities generally involve awareness campaigns and the use of non-state market driven (NSMD) forms of governance which rely on consumers to create change. If attitudes are not translated into behavior then these methods are essentially flawed. This would suggest that other methods are more appropriate to encourage environmental action, such as regulation and economic incentives (taxes and grants).

Question: Miten asenteet eroavat arvoista?


Value-action gap

Context: Retallack "et al." (2007) identifies other barriers such as uncertainty, skepticism about the issue and distrust of national governments and organizations. Jackson (2005) uses the concept of ‘bounded rationality’ to explain how individuals’ decision making processes are ‘bounded’ by psychological and environmental constraints.

Question: Miten asenteet eroavat arvoista?


Value-action gap

Context: Therefore, Blake argues that policies need to tackle these barriers, not just provide more information or recycling facilities.

Question: Miten asenteet eroavat arvoista?


South Pole

Context: The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole, Terrestrial South Pole or 90th Parallel South, is one of the two points where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on Earth and lies on the opposite side of Earth from the North Pole at a distance of 12,430 miles (20,004 km) in all directions.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year. The Geographic South Pole is distinct from the South Magnetic Pole, the position of which is defined based on Earth's magnetic field. The South Pole is at the centre of the Southern Hemisphere.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: For most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface (the other being the Geographic North Pole). However, Earth's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small "wobbles" (polar motion), so this definition is not adequate for very precise work.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: The geographic coordinates of the South Pole are usually given simply as 90°S, since its longitude is geometrically undefined and irrelevant. When a longitude is desired, it may be given as At the South Pole, all directions face north. For this reason, directions at the Pole are given relative to "grid north", which points northward along the prime meridian. Along tight latitude circles, clockwise is east, and anti-clockwise is west, opposite to the North Pole.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: The Geographic South Pole is presently located on the continent of Antarctica, although this has not been the case for all of Earth's history because of continental drift. It sits atop a featureless, barren, windswept and icy plateau at an altitude of above sea level, and is located about from the nearest open sea at the Bay of Whales. The ice is estimated to be about thick at the Pole, so the land surface under the ice sheet is actually near sea level.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: The polar ice sheet is moving at a rate of roughly per year in a direction between 37° and 40° west of grid north, down towards the Weddell Sea. Therefore, the position of the station and other artificial features relative to the geographic pole gradually shift over time.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: The Geographic South Pole is marked by a stake in the ice alongside a small sign; these are repositioned each year in a ceremony on New Year's Day to compensate for the movement of the ice. The sign records the respective dates that Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott reached the Pole, followed by a short quotation from each man, and gives the elevation as "9,301 "FT."". A new marker stake is designed and fabricated each year by staff at the site.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: The Ceremonial South Pole is an area set aside for photo opportunities at the South Pole Station. It is located some meters from the Geographic South Pole, and consists of a metallic sphere on a short barber pole, surrounded by the flags of the original Antarctic Treaty signatory states.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: A flagpole erected at the South Geographical Pole in December 1965 by the First Argentine Overland Polar Expedition has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 1) following a proposal by Argentina to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: The basic geography of the Antarctic coastline was not understood until the mid-to-late 19th century. American naval officer Charles Wilkes claimed (correctly) that Antarctica was a new continent, basing the claim on his exploration in 1839–40, while James Clark Ross, in his expedition of 1839–1843, hoped that he might be able to sail all the way to the South Pole. (He was unsuccessful.)

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: In 1914 Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition set out with the goal of crossing Antarctica via the South Pole, but his ship, the "Endurance", was frozen in pack ice and sank 11 months later. The overland journey was never made.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: US Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, with the assistance of his first pilot Bernt Balchen, became the first person to fly over the South Pole on 29 November 1929.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: It was not until 31 October 1956 that humans once again set foot at the South Pole, when a party led by Admiral George J. Dufek of the US Navy landed there in an R4D-5L Skytrain (C-47 Skytrain) aircraft. The US Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station was established by air over 1956–1957 for the International Geophysical Year and has been continuously staffed since then by research and support personnel.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: Subsequent to the establishment, in 1987, of the logistic support base at Patriot Hills Base Camp, the South Pole became more accessible to non-government expeditions.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: On 30 December 1989, Arved Fuchs and Reinhold Messner were the first to traverse Antarctica via the South Pole without animal or motorized help, using only skis and the help of wind. Two women, Victoria E. Murden and Shirley Metz, reached the pole by land on 17 January 1989.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: The fastest unsupported journey to the Geographic South Pole from the ocean is 24 days and one hour from Hercules Inlet and was set in 2011 by Norwegian adventurer Christian Eide, who beat the previous solo record set in 2009 by American Todd Carmichael of 39 days and seven hours, and the previous group record also set in 2009 of 33 days and 23 hours.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: The fastest solo, unsupported and unassisted trek to the south pole by a female was performed by Hannah McKeand from the UK in 2006. She made the journey in 39 days 9 hours 33 minutes. She started on 19 November 2006 and finished on 28 December 2006.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: In the 2011–12 summer, separate expeditions by Norwegian Aleksander Gamme and Australians James Castrission and Justin Jones jointly claimed the first unsupported trek without dogs or kites from the Antarctic coast to the South Pole and back. The two expeditions started from Hercules Inlet a day apart, with Gamme starting first, but completing according to plan the last few kilometres together. As Gamme traveled alone he thus simultaneously became the first to complete the task solo.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: On 28 December 2018, Captain Lou Rudd became the first Briton to cross the Antarctic unassisted via the south pole, and the second person to make the journey in 56 days. On 10 January 2020, Mollie Hughes became the youngest person to ski to the pole, aged 29.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: The South Pole is at an altitude of but feels like . Centrifugal force from the spin of the planet pulls the atmosphere toward the equator. The South Pole is colder than the North Pole primarily because of the elevation difference and for being in the middle of a continent. The North Pole is a few feet from sea level in the middle of an ocean.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: Due to its exceptionally harsh climate, there are no native resident plants or animals at the South Pole. Off-course south polar skuas and snow petrels are occasionally seen there.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


South Pole

Context: In 2000 it was reported that microbes had been detected living in the South Pole ice. Scientists published in the journal "Gondwana Research" that evidence had been found of dinosaurs with feathers to protect the animals from the extreme cold. The fossils had been found over 100 years ago in Koonwarra, Australia, but in sediment which had accumulated under a lake which had been near to the South Pole millions of years ago.

Question: Milloin ensimmäinen naparetkikunta saapui etelänavalle?


Trevor Slattery

Context: In Seagate Prison, Slattery lives luxuriously, with his own personal "butler" and adoring fans among the other inmates, until he is broken out by Jackson Norriss, a Ten Rings terrorist posing as a documentary filmmaker, who explains that the real "Mandarin" is angered with Slattery's use of the title, and wishes to take it back.

Question: Kuka Mandariini on Marvel Comicsissa?


Trygve Lie

Context: Lie was born in Kristiania (now Oslo) on 16 July 1896. His father, carpenter Martin Lie, left the family to emigrate to the United States in 1902, and was never heard from again. Trygve grew up under poor conditions together with his mother Hulda and a sister who was six at the time. His mother ran a boarding house and café in Grorud in Oslo.

Question: Kuka oli YK ensimmäinen pääsihteeri?


Trygve Lie

Context: In local politics he served as a member of the executive committee of Aker municipality council from 1922 to 1931. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Akershus in 1937. He was appointed Minister of Justice when a Labour Party government was formed by Johan Nygaardsvold in 1935. Lie was later appointed Minister of Trade (July to October 1939) and Minister of Supplies (October 1939 to 1941).

Question: Kuka oli YK ensimmäinen pääsihteeri?


Trygve Lie

Context: A socialist from an early age, Lie once met Vladimir Lenin while on a Labour Party visit to Moscow and gave permission for Leon Trotsky to settle in Norway after he was exiled from the Soviet Union. However, because of pressure from Joseph Stalin, he forced Trotsky to leave the country.

Question: Kuka oli YK ensimmäinen pääsihteeri?


Trygve Lie

Context: When Nazi Germany invaded Norway in 1940, Lie ordered all Norwegian ships to sail to Allied ports. In 1941, Lie was named as Foreign Minister of the Norwegian government-in-exile, and he remained in this position until 1946.

Question: Kuka oli YK ensimmäinen pääsihteeri?


Trygve Lie

Context: By late 1952, the USSR continued to refuse to acknowledge Lie as Secretary-General and, having also been accused by Joseph McCarthy of hiring "disloyal" Americansan allegation that he attributed to the pressing need for UN civil servants following the establishment of the UNLie resigned on 10 November 1952.

Question: Kuka oli YK ensimmäinen pääsihteeri?


Trygve Lie

Context: Lie remained active in Norwegian politics after his resignation from the UN. He was the County Governor of Oslo and Akershus, chairman of the Board of Energy, Minister of Industry, and Minister of Trade and Shipping. He wrote a number of books, including "In the Cause of Peace", an account of his years at the UN.

Question: Kuka oli YK ensimmäinen pääsihteeri?


Trygve Lie

Context: Lie married Hjørdis Jørgensen (1898–1960) in 1921. The couple had three daughters; Sissel, Guri, and Mette.

Question: Kuka oli YK ensimmäinen pääsihteeri?


Trygve Lie

Context: Trygve Lie was awarded a large number of Norwegian and foreign orders. Among these, the Norwegian highest civilian award Medal for Outstanding Civic Service ("Medaljen for borgerdåd)" (1966), the Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog (1954) and Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (1953), Czechoslovak OWL (1948). He was awarded numerous honorary doctorates by universities throughout the U.S. and Europe. Trygve Lie was the holder of a number of other orders, decorations and other honors.

Question: Kuka oli YK ensimmäinen pääsihteeri?


Trygve Lie

Context: "Trygve Lie′s Square" is located in Furuset center in Oslo. In the square stands the bronze statue of Trygve Lie, which was created by the Norwegian artist Nicolaus Widerberg and erected in 1994. Trygve Lie Gallery and Trygve Lie Plaza are both located in New York City.

Question: Kuka oli YK ensimmäinen pääsihteeri?


Stan Lee

Context: Stan Lee (born Stanley Martin Lieber ; December 28, 1922 – November 12, 2018) was an American comic book writer, editor, publisher, and producer. He rose through the ranks of a family-run business called Timely Publications which would later become Marvel Comics. He was the primary creative leader for two decades, leading its expansion from a small division of a publishing house to a multimedia corporation that dominated the comics and film industries.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: From 1945 to 1947, Lee lived in the rented top floor of a brownstone in the East 90s in Manhattan. He married Joan Clayton Boocock, originally from Newcastle, England, on December 5, 1947, and in 1949, the couple bought a house in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island, living there through 1952. Their daughter Joan Celia "J. C." Lee was born in 1950. Another daughter, Jan Lee, died a few days after her birth in 1953.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: The Lees resided in the Long Island town of Hewlett Harbor, New York, from 1952 to 1980. They also owned a condominium on East 63rd Street in Manhattan from 1975 to 1980, and during the 1970s they owned a vacation home in Remsenburg, New York. For their move to the West Coast in 1981, they bought a home in West Hollywood, California, previously owned by comedian Jack Benny's radio announcer Don Wilson.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: The Stan Lee Foundation was founded in 2010 to focus on literacy, education, and the arts. Its stated goals include supporting programs and ideas that improve access to literacy resources, as well as promoting diversity, national literacy, culture and the arts.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Lee donated portions of his personal effects to the University of Wyoming at various times, between 1981 and 2001.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: On January 10, 2018, the "Mail Online" alleged that Lee was accused by a small number of nurses of sexually harassing them at his home in early 2017. Lee denied the allegations and claimed that the nurses were attempting to extort him.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: In September 2012, Lee underwent an operation to insert a pacemaker, which required cancelling planned appearances at conventions. Lee eventually retired from convention appearances by 2017.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: On July 6, 2017, Joan Boocock, his wife of 69 years, died of complications from a stroke. She was 95 years old.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Roy Thomas, who succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two days prior to his death to discuss the upcoming book "The Stan Lee Story" and stated "I think he was ready to go. But he was still talking about doing more cameos. As long as he had the energy for it and didn't have to travel, Stan was always up to do some more cameos. He got a kick out of those more than anything else."

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: With the help of his uncle Robbie Solomon, Lee became an assistant in 1939 at the new Timely Comics division belonging to pulp magazine and comic-book publisher Martin Goodman. Timely, by the 1960s, would evolve into Marvel Comics. Lee, whose cousin Jean was Goodman's wife, was formally hired by Timely editor Joe Simon.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Lee graduated from writing filler to actual comics with a backup feature, "'Headline' Hunter, Foreign Correspondent", two issues later, using the pseudonym "Reel Nats". His first superhero co-creation was the Destroyer, in "Mystic Comics" #6 (August 1941). Other characters he co-created during this period, called the Golden Age of Comic Books, include Jack Frost, debuting in "U.S.A. Comics" #1 (August 1941), and Father Time, debuting in "Captain America Comics" #6 (August 1941).

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: When Simon and his creative partner Jack Kirby left in late 1941 following a dispute with Goodman, the 30-year-old publisher installed Lee, just under 19 years old, as interim editor. The youngster showed a knack for the business that led him to remain as the comic-book division's editor-in-chief, as well as art director for much of that time, until 1972, when he would succeed Goodman as publisher.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: In the mid-1950s, by which time the company was now generally known as Atlas Comics, Lee wrote stories in a variety of genres including romance, Westerns, humor, science fiction, medieval adventure, horror and suspense. In the 1950s, Lee teamed up with his comic book colleague Dan DeCarlo to produce the syndicated newspaper strip "My Friend Irma", based on the radio comedy starring Marie Wilson. By the end of the decade, Lee had become dissatisfied with his career and considered quitting the field.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: In the late 1950s, DC Comics editor Julius Schwartz revived the superhero archetype and experienced significant success with an updated version of the Flash, and later with the Justice League of America super-team. In response, publisher Martin Goodman assigned Lee to come up with a new superhero team. Lee's wife suggested that he experiment with stories he preferred, since he was planning on changing careers and had nothing to lose.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Lee acted on the advice, giving his superheroes a flawed humanity, a change from the ideal archetypes typically written for preteens. Before this, most superheroes had been idealistically perfect people with no serious, lasting problems. Lee introduced complex, naturalistic characters who could have bad tempers, fits of melancholy, and vanity; they bickered amongst themselves, worried about paying their bills and impressing girlfriends, got bored or sometimes even physically ill.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Lee also supported using comic books to provide some measure of social commentary about the real world, often dealing with racism and bigotry. "Stan's Soapbox", besides promoting an upcoming comic book project, also addressed issues of discrimination, intolerance, or prejudice.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: In 1972, Lee stopped writing monthly comic books to assume the role of publisher. His final issue of "The Amazing Spider-Man" was #110 (July 1972) and his last "Fantastic Four" was #125 (August 1972).

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: In 2001, Lee, Gill Champion, and Arthur Lieberman formed POW! (Purveyors of Wonder) Entertainment to develop film, television, and video game properties. Lee created the risqué animated superhero series "Stripperella" for Spike TV. That same year, DC Comics released its first work written by Lee, the "Just Imagine..." series, in which Lee reimagined the DC superheroes Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, and the Flash.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: In March 2007, after Stan Lee Media had been purchased by Jim Nesfield, the company filed a lawsuit against Marvel Entertainment for $5 billion, claiming Lee had given his rights to several Marvel characters to Stan Lee Media in exchange for stock and a salary. In June 2007, Stan Lee Media sued Lee; his newer company, POW! Entertainment; and POW! subsidiary QED Entertainment.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: At the 2016 Comic-Con International, Lee introduced his digital graphic novel "Stan Lee's God Woke", with text originally written as a poem he presented at Carnegie Hall in 1972. The print-book version won the 2017 Independent Publisher Book Awards' Outstanding Books of the Year Independent Voice Award.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: On July 6, 2020, Genius Brands acquired exclusive worldwide rights to use Lee's name, physical likeness, and signature as well as licensing rights to his name and original IPs from POW! Entertainment. The assets will be placed under a new joint-venture with POW!, called Stan Lee Universe.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Stan Lee appears in one panel as "third assistant office boy" in "Terry-Toons" #12 (September 1943). Stan Lee is featured prominently as a story character in "Margie" #36 (June 1947).

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: He later appears in a mask on the cover of "Black Rider" #8 (March 1950), albeit as a character model, not as Stan Lee.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Lee and Jack Kirby appear as themselves in "The Fantastic Four" #10 (January 1963), the first of several appearances within the fictional Marvel Universe. The two are depicted as similar to their real-world counterparts, creating comic books based on the "real" adventures of the Fantastic Four.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Kirby later portrayed himself, Lee, production executive Sol Brodsky, and Lee's secretary Flo Steinberg as superheroes in "What If" #11 (October 1978), "What If the Marvel Bullpen Had Become the Fantastic Four?", in which Lee played the role of Mister Fantastic.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: He appears in "Generation X" #17 (July 1996) as a circus ringmaster narrating (in lines written by Lee) a story set in an abandoned circus. This characterization was revived in Marvel's "Flashback" series of titles cover-dated July 1997, numbered "-1", introducing stories about Marvel characters before they became superheroes.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: In "Stan Lee Meets Superheroes" (2007), written by Lee, he comes into contact with some of his favorite creations.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: In the first series of Angel and the Ape, (1968–1969), Lee was parodied as Stan Bragg, editor of Brain-Pix Comics.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Lee and other comics creators are mentioned in Michael Chabon's 2000 novel set in the early comics industry "The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay".

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Under the name "Stanley Lieber", he appears briefly in Paul Malmont's 2006 novel "The Chinatown Death Cloud Peril".

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: In Lavie Tidhar's 2013 "The Violent Century", Lee appears – as "Stanley Martin Lieber" – as a historian of superhumans.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Stan Lee

Context: Lee was featured with his colleagues and family in the 2010 documentary "With Great Power: The Stan Lee Story", which explored his life, career, and creations.

Question: Mikä oli Stan Leen viimeinen cameorooli?


Taliban

Context: In September 1994, Mullah Mohammad Omar and 50 students founded the group in his hometown of Kandahar.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Within months, 15,000 students in Pakistan, mostly Afghan refugees who were studying in religious schools or madrasas (or as one source calls them Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-run madrasas) joined the group.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The early Taliban were motivated by the suffering of the Afghan people, which they believed was being caused by the power struggles which were being waged by rival Afghan groups which were not adhering to the moral code of Islam; in their religious schools, they had been taught to believe that they should strictly adhere to Islamic law.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: On 3 November 1994, the Taliban, in a surprise attack, conquered Kandahar City. Before 4 January 1995, they controlled 12 Afghan provinces. Militias controlling the different areas often surrendered without a fight. Omar's commanders were a mixture of former small-unit military commanders and madrassa teachers. At these stages, the Taliban were popular because they stamped out corruption, curbed lawlessness, and made the roads and area safe.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: After a series of setbacks, the Taliban managed to take control of the western city of Herat on 5 September 1995. Following allegations by the recognised government that Pakistan was aiding the Taliban, a large mob of people attacked the Pakistani embassy in Kabul the day after.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Taliban decision-makers, particularly Mullah Omar, seldom if ever talked directly to non-Muslim foreigners, so aid providers had to deal with intermediaries whose approvals and agreements were often reversed. Around September 1997 the heads of three UN agencies in Kandahar were expelled from the country after protesting when a female attorney for the UN High Commissioner for Refugees was forced to talk from behind a curtain so her face would not be visible.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The few organisations active in Kandahar were not subjected to the same demands and continued their operations.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: On 1 August 1997, the Taliban launched an attack on Sheberghan, the main military base of Abdul Rashid Dostum. Dostum has said the reason the attack was successful was due to 1500 Pakistani commandos taking part and that the Pakistani air force also gave support.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: During 2000, MI6 reported that the ISI was taking an active role in several Al-Qaeda training camps. The ISI helped with the construction of training camps for both the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. From 1996 to 2001 the Al-Qaeda of Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri became a state within the Taliban state. Bin Laden sent Arab and Central Asian Al-Qaeda militants to join the fight against the United Front, among them his Brigade 055.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The role of the Pakistani military has been described by international observers as well as by the anti-Taliban leader Ahmad Shah Massoud as a "creeping invasion".

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: In the areas under his control Massoud set up democratic institutions and signed the Women's Rights Declaration. In the area of Massoud, women and girls did not have to wear the Afghan burqa. They were allowed to work and to go to school. In at least two known instances, Massoud personally intervened against cases of forced marriage.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Human Rights Watch cites no human rights crimes for the forces under direct control of Massoud for the period from October 1996 until the assassination of Massoud in September 2001. 400,000 to one million Afghans fled from the Taliban to the area of Massoud. National Geographic concluded in its documentary "Inside the Taliban": "The only thing standing in the way of future Taliban massacres is Ahmad Shah Massoud."

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban repeatedly offered Massoud a position of power to make him stop his resistance. Massoud declined. He explained in one interview:

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: After 9/11, Massoud's United Front troops and United Front troops of Abdul Rashid Dostum (who returned from exile) ousted the Taliban from power in Kabul with American air support in Operation Enduring Freedom. From October to December 2001, the United Front gained control of much of the country and played a crucial role in establishing the post-Taliban interim government under Hamid Karzai.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: On 14 October, the Taliban offered to discuss handing over Osama bin Laden to a neutral country in return for a bombing halt, but only if the Taliban were given evidence of bin Laden's involvement. The US rejected this offer, and continued military operations. Mazar-i-Sharif fell to United Front troops of Ustad Atta Mohammad Noor and Abdul Rashid Dostum on 9 November, triggering a cascade of provinces falling with minimal resistance.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: On the night of 12 November, the Taliban retreated south from Kabul. On 15 November, they released eight Western aid workers after three months in captivity. By 13 November, the Taliban had withdrawn from both Kabul and Jalalabad. Finally, in early December, the Taliban gave up Kandahar, their last stronghold, dispersing without surrendering.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: After the attacks of 11 September 2001 on the United States, Pakistan has been accused of continuing to support the Taliban, an allegation Pakistan denies. In mid-2002 exiled Taliban leaders in Pakistan began reconnecting with each other. They formed the Quetta Shura in the Pakistani city of Quetta.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Other commentators viewed Islamabad's shift from war to diplomacy as an effort to appease growing discontent. Because of the Taliban's leadership structure, Mullah Dadullah's assassination in May 2007 did not have a significant effect, other than to damage incipient relations with Pakistan.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Negotiations had long been advocated by then-Afghan President, Hamid Karzai, as well as reportedly the British and Pakistani governments, but resisted by the American government. Karzai offered peace talks with the Taliban in September 2007, but this was swiftly rejected by the insurgent group citing the presence of foreign troops.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: By 2009, a strong insurgency had coalesced, known as Operation Al Faath, the Arabic word for "victory" taken from the Koran, in the form of a guerrilla war. The Pashtun tribal group, with over 40 million members (including Afghans and Pakistanis) had a long history of resistance to occupation forces, so the Taliban may have comprised only a part of the insurgency. Most post-invasion Taliban fighters were new recruits, mostly drawn from local madrasas.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: In January 2018, a Taliban suicide bomber killed over 100 people in Kabul using a bomb in an ambulance.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: By 2020, after the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) had lost almost all of its conquered territory and committed less terrorist acts, the global think tank called the Institute for Economics & Peace considered the Taliban to have overtaken ISIL as the most dangerous terrorist group in the world due to their recent campaigns for territorial expansion.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: US President Donald Trump twice accused Pakistan of harboring the Taliban and of inaction against terrorists, first in August 2017 then again in January 2018.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: On the other hand, the Ministry of Women's Affairs has been closed and its building is the new home of Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice. According to Anderson, some women still employed by the government are "being forced to sign in at their jobs and then go home, to created the illusion of equity"; and the appointment of ethnic minorities has been dismissed by an "adviser to the Taliban" as tokenism.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: "Hazara farmers being forced from their land by ethnic Pashtuns, of raids of activists' homes, and of extrajudicial executions of former government soldiers and intelligence agents".

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Despite Taliban claims that the ISIS has been defeated, IS carried out suicide bombings in October 2021 at Shia mosques in Kunduz and Kandahar, killing over 115 people. As of late 2021, there were still "sticky bomb" explosions "every few days" in the capital Kabul.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: On 1 December 2021, clashes erupted between the Taliban and Iran leading to casualties on both sides.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Kabul University reopened in February 2022, with female students attending in the morning and males in the afternoon. Other than the closure of the music department, few changes to the curriculum were reported. Female students were officially required to wear an abaya and a hijab to attend, although some wore a shawl instead. Attendance was reportedly low on the first day.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: In March 2022, the Taliban abruptly halted plans to allow girls to resume secondary school education even when separated from males. Apart from current university students, "sixth is now the highest grade girls may attend" according to "The Washington Post". The Afghan Ministry of Education cited the lack of an acceptable design for female student uniforms.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Turkmenistan, the Russian Federation, and China were the first countries to accept the diplomatic credentials of Taliban-appointed envoys.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban's ideology has been described as combining an "innovative" form of "Sharia" Islamic law which is based on Deobandi fundamentalism and militant Islamism, combined with Pashtun social and cultural norms which are known as Pashtunwali, because most Taliban are Pashtun tribesmen.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: According to journalist Ahmed Rashid, at least in the first years of their rule, the Taliban adopted Deobandi and Islamist anti-nationalist beliefs, and they opposed "tribal and feudal structures," removing traditional tribal or feudal leaders from leadership roles.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban strictly enforced their ideology in major cities like Herat, Kabul, and Kandahar. But in rural areas, the Taliban had little direct control, and as a result, they promoted village jirgas, so in rural areas, they did not enforce their ideology as stringently as they enforced it in cities.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban's religious/political philosophy, especially during its first régime from 1996 to 2001, was heavily advised and influenced by Grand Mufti Rashid Ahmed Ludhianvi and his works. Its operating political and religious principles since its founding however was modelled on those of Abul A'la Maududi and the Jamaat-e-Islami movement.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban were averse to debating doctrine with other Muslims. "The Taliban did not allow even Muslim reporters to question [their] edicts or to discuss interpretations of the Qur'an."

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban frequently used the pre-Islamic Pashtun tribal code, Pashtunwali, in order to make decisions with regard to certain social matters. Such is the case with the Pashtun practice of equally dividing inheritances among sons, even though the Qur'an clearly states that women are supposed to receive one-half of a man's share.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: According to Ali A. Jalali and Lester Grau, the Taliban "received extensive support from Pashtuns across the country who thought that the movement might restore their national dominance. Even Pashtun intellectuals in the West, who differed with the Taliban on many issues, expressed support for the movement on purely ethnic grounds."

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Yahya Massoud, brother of the anti-Taliban and resistance leader Ahmad Shah Massoud, recalls the following incident after the destruction of the Buddha statues at Bamyan:

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban's ideology is not static. Before its capture of Kabul, members of the Taliban talked about stepping aside once a government of "good Muslims" took power and once law and order were restored. The decision-making process of the Taliban in Kandahar was modelled on the Pashtun tribal council ("jirga"), together with what was believed to be the early Islamic model. Discussion was followed by the building of a consensus by the believers.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: As the Taliban's power grew, Mullah Omar made decisions without consulting the "jirga" or visiting other parts of the country. He visited the capital, Kabul, only twice while he was in power. Taliban spokesman Mullah Wakil explained:

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Decisions are based on the advice of the "Amir-ul Momineen". For us consultation is not necessary. We believe that this is in line with the "Sharia". We abide by the Amir's view even if he alone takes this view. There will not be a head of state. Instead there will be an Amir al-Mu'minin. Mullah Omar will be the highest authority and the government will not be able to implement any decision to which he does not agree. General elections are incompatible with "Sharia" and therefore we reject them.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Another sign that the Taliban's ideology was evolving was Mullah Omar's 1999 decree in which he called for the protection of the Buddha statues at Bamyan and the destruction of them in 2001.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban have been criticised for their strictness towards those who disobeyed their imposed rules, and Mullah Omar has been criticized for titling himself Amir al-Mu'minin.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Another criticism was that the Taliban called their 20% tax on truckloads of opium "zakat", which is traditionally limited to 2.5% of the zakat-payers' disposable income (or wealth).

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban have been compared to the 7th-century Kharijites who developed extreme doctrines which set them apart from both mainstream Sunni and Shiʿa Muslims. The Kharijites were particularly noted for adopting a radical approach to "takfir", whereby they declared that other Muslims were unbelievers and deemed them worthy of death.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: In particular, the Taliban have been accused of "takfir" towards Shia. After the August 1998 slaughter of 8,000 mostly Shia Hazara non-combatants in Mazar-i-Sharif, Mullah Niazi, the Taliban commander of the attack and the new governor of Mazar, declared from Mazar's central mosque:

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: In 1998, the United Nations accused the Taliban of denying emergency food by the UN's World Food Programme to 160,000 hungry and starving people "for political and military reasons". The UN said the Taliban were starving people for their military agenda and using humanitarian assistance as a weapon of war.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: In a major effort to retake the Shomali Plains to the north of Kabul from the United Front, the Taliban indiscriminately killed civilians, while uprooting and expelling the population. Among others, Kamal Hossein, a special reporter for the UN, reported on these and other war crimes. In Istalif, a town famous for handmade potteries and which was home to more than 45,000 people, the Taliban gave 24 hours' notice to the population to leave, then completely razed the town leaving the people destitute.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: In 1999, the town of Bamian was taken, hundreds of men, women and children were executed. Houses were razed and some were used for forced labour. There was a further massacre at the town of Yakaolang in January 2001. An estimated 300 people were murdered, along with two delegations of Hazara elders who had tried to intercede.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: By 1999, the Taliban had forced hundreds of thousands of people from the Shomali Plains and other regions conducting a policy of scorched earth burning homes, farm land and gardens.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Not all Taliban commanders engaged in human trafficking. Many Taliban were opposed to the human trafficking operations conducted by al-Qaeda and other Taliban commanders. Nuruludah, a Taliban commander, is quoted as saying that in the Shomali Plains, he and 10 of his men freed some women who were being abducted by Pakistani members of al-Qaeda. In Jalalabad, local Taliban commanders freed women that were being held by Arab members of al-Qaeda in a camp.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: According to Human Rights Watch, the Taliban's bombings and other attacks which have led to civilian casualties "sharply escalated in 2006" when "at least 669 Afghan civilians were killed in at least 350 armed attacks, most of which appear to have been intentionally launched at non-combatants."

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The United Nations reported that the number of civilians killed by both the Taliban and pro-government forces in the war rose nearly 50% between 2007 and 2009. The high number of civilians killed by the Taliban is blamed in part on their increasing use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), "for instance, 16 IEDs have been planted in girls' schools" by the Taliban.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: As per a 1998 UNICEF report, 9 out of 10 girls and 2 out of 3 boys did not enroll in schools. By 2000, fewer than 4–5% of all Afghan children were being educated at the primary school level and even fewer of them were being educated at higher secondary and university levels.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Attacks on educational institutions, students and teachers and the forced enforcement of Islamic teachings have even continued after the Taliban were deposed from power. In December 2017, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported that over 1,000 schools had been destroyed, damaged or occupied and 100 teachers and students had been killed by the Taliban.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban have committed a cultural genocide against the Afghan people by destroying their historical and cultural texts, artifacts and sculptures.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: On 2 March 2001, the Buddhas of Bamiyan were destroyed with dynamite, on orders from the Taliban's leader Mullah Omar.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Also included on the list of banned items were "musical instruments and accessories" and all visual representation of living creatures. However, the daf, a type of frame drum, wasn't banned.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: According to the testimony of Guantanamo captives before their Combatant Status Review Tribunals, the Taliban, in addition to conscripting men to serve as soldiers, also conscripted men to staff its civil service – both done at gunpoint.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: According to a report from Oxford University the Taliban made widespread use of the conscription of children in 1997, 1998 and 1999.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The report states that during the civil war that preceded the Taliban régime thousands of orphaned boys joined various militia for "employment, food, shelter, protection and economic opportunity."

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The report said that during its initial period the Taliban "long depended upon cohorts of youth". Witnesses stated that each land-owning family had to provide one young man and $500 in expenses. In August of that year 5000 students aged between 15 and 35 left madrassas in Pakistan to join the Taliban.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The family-based Haqqani network, by contrast are "closely linked to Pakistan's secret services", "interested in global jihad", with its founder (Jalaluddin Haqqani) "connected" the Taliban with Osama bin Laden. It is named for its founder Jalaluddin Haqqani and is currently led by Sirajuddin Haqqani, and includes Khalil Haqqani, Mawlawi Mohammad Salim Saad.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Taliban leadership have denied tension between factions. Suhail Shaheen states “there is "one" Taliban", and Zabihullah Mujahid (acting Deputy Minister of Information and Culture), evenmaintains “there is no Haqqani network.”

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Most members of the top leadership of the Taliban are ethnic Pashtuns; more specifically those belonging of the Ghilzai confederation. There are also a minority of Tajiks and Uzbeks in the Taliban leadership.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Until his death in 2013, Mullah Mohammed Omar was the supreme commander of the Taliban. Mullah Akhtar Mansour was elected as his replacement in 2015, and following Mansour's killing in a May 2016 US drone strike, Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada became the group's leader.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Taliban initially enjoyed goodwill from Afghans weary of the warlords' corruption, brutality, and incessant fighting.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Rashid described the Taliban government as "a secret society run by Kandaharis ... mysterious, secretive, and dictatorial." They did not hold elections, as their spokesman explained:

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: They modelled their decision-making process on the Pashtun tribal council ("jirga"), together with what they believed to be the early Islamic model. Discussion was followed by a building of a consensus by the "believers". Before capturing Kabul, there was talk of stepping aside once a government of "good Muslims" took power, and law and order were restored.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: The Ministry of Finance did not have a budget nor did it have a "qualified economist or banker." Mullah Omar collected and dispersed cash without bookkeeping.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: It is estimated that in 2020 the Taliban had an income of $1.6 billion, mostly from drugs, mining, extortion and taxes, donations and exports.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Former: , but never on the United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Iran has historically been an enemy of the Taliban. In early August 1998, after attacking the city of Mazar-i-Sharif, Taliban forces killed several thousand civilians and 11 Iranian diplomats and intelligence officers in the Iranian consulate. Alleged radio intercepts indicate Mullah Omar personally approved the killings. In the following crisis between Iran and the Taliban, the Iranian government amassed up to 200,000 regular troops on the Afghan-Iranian border. War was eventually averted.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Many US senior military officials such as Robert Gates, Stanley McChrystal, David Petraeus and others believe that Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps was involved in helping the Taliban to a certain extent during the first decade of the twenty-first century. Reports in which NATO states accused Iran of supplying and training some Taliban insurgents started coming forward since 2004/2005.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: In January 2020, the Taliban condemned the US killing of Iranian Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani and hailed Soleimani as a "great warrior". However, in August 2021, Iran had to close its embassy and consulates as a result of the Taliban takeover of Kabul. On 6 September, Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesman Saeed Khatibzadeh strongly condemned the Taliban assault on the Panjshir Valley.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Human Rights Watch writes, "Pakistani aircraft assisted with troop rotations of Taliban forces during combat operations in late 2000 and ... senior members of Pakistan's intelligence agency and army were involved in planning military operations." Pakistan provided military equipment, recruiting assistance, training, and tactical advice. Officially Pakistan denied supporting the Taliban militarily.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Author Ahmed Rashid claims that the Taliban had "unprecedented access" among Pakistan's lobbies and interest groups. He also writes that they at times were able to "play off one lobby against another and extend their influence in Pakistan even further". By 1998–99, Taliban-style groups in Pakistan's Pashtun belt, and to an extent in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, "were banning TV and videos ... and forcing people, particularly women, to adapt to the Taliban dress code and way of life."

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: Afghan officials implied the Pakistani ISI's involvement in a July 2008 Taliban attack on the Indian embassy. Numerous US officials have accused the ISI of supporting terrorist groups including the Afghan Taliban. US Defense Secretary Robert Gates and others suggest the ISI maintains links with groups like the Afghan Taliban as a "strategic hedge" to help Islamabad gain influence in Kabul once US troops exit the region.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: US Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mike Mullen in 2011 called the Haqqani network (the Afghan Taliban's most destructive element) a "veritable arm of Pakistan's ISI".

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?


Taliban

Context: On 15 June 2014 Pakistan army launches operation 'Zarb-e-Azb' in North Waziristan to remove and root-out Taliban from Pakistan. In this operation 327 hardcore terrorists had been killed while 45 hideouts and 2 bomb making factories of terrorists were destroyed in North Waziristan Agency as the operation continues.

Question: Mikä valtio oli merkittävin Talibanin tukija?