Neologism

Context: Names of famous characters are another source of literary neologisms (e.g., "quixotic", referring to the romantic and misguided title character in "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes), "scrooge" (from the avaricious main character in Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol") and "pollyanna" (from the unfailingly optimistic character in Eleanor H. Porter's book of the same name).

Question: Minä vuonna neologismi on keksitty?


Neologism

Context: Polari is a cant used by some actors, circus performers, and the gay subculture to communicate without outsiders understanding. Some Polari terms have crossed over into mainstream slang, in part through their usage in pop song lyrics and other works. Example include: "acdc", "barney", "blag", "butch", "camp", "khazi", "cottaging", "hoofer", "mince", "ogle", "scarper", "slap", "strides", "tod", "[rough] trade" (rough trade).

Question: Minä vuonna neologismi on keksitty?


Neologism

Context: Neologism development may be spurred, or at least spread, by popular culture. Examples of pop-culture neologisms include the American Alt-right (2010s), the Canadian portmanteau "Snowmageddon" (2009), the Russian parody "Monstration" (ca. 2004), Santorum (c. 2003).

Question: Minä vuonna neologismi on keksitty?


Neologism

Context: Neologisms spread mainly through their exposure in mass media. The genericizing of brand names, such as "coke" for Coca-Cola, "kleenex" for Kleenex facial tissue, and "xerox" for Xerox photocopying, all spread through their popular use being enhanced by mass media.

Question: Minä vuonna neologismi on keksitty?


Neologism

Context: In the scientific community, where English is the predominant language for published research and studies, like-sounding translations (referred to as 'naturalization') are sometimes used. Alternatively, the English word is used along with a brief explanation of meaning.

Question: Minä vuonna neologismi on keksitty?


Neologism

Context: The four translation methods are emphasized in order to translate neologisms: transliteration, transcription, the use of analogues, calque or loan translation.

Question: Minä vuonna neologismi on keksitty?


Neologism

Context: In psychiatry and neuroscience, the term "neologism" is used to describe words that have meaning only to the person who uses them, independent of their common meaning. This can be seen in schizophrenia, where a person may replace a word with a nonsensical one of their own invention (e.g., "I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it at the geshinker"). The use of neologisms may also be due to aphasia acquired after brain damage resulting from a stroke or head injury.

Question: Minä vuonna neologismi on keksitty?


Operation Car Wash

Context: Originally a money laundering investigation, it expanded to cover allegations of corruption at Petrobras, where executives allegedly accepted bribes in return for awarding contracts to construction firms at inflated prices. This criminal scheme was initially known as (Portuguese for "big oil") because of the Petrobras scandal. The investigation is called "Operation Car Wash" because it was first uncovered at a car wash in Brasília.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: The aim of the investigation was to ascertain the extent of a money laundering scheme, estimated by the Regional Superintendent of the Federal Police of Paraná State in 2015 at (US$– billion), largely through the embezzlement of Petrobras funds. It has included more than a thousand warrants for search and seizure, temporary and preventive detention, and plea bargaining, against business figures and politicians in numerous parties.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: At least eleven other countries were involved, mostly in Latin America, and the Brazilian company Odebrecht was deeply implicated.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: Investigators indicted and jailed some well-known politicians, including former presidents Fernando Collor de Mello, Michel Temer and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. The scandal seemed to challenge the impunity of politicians and business leaders and the structural corruption in the political and economic system that had prevailed until then. This was initially thought possible because of the independence of the judiciary.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: The initial accusation came from businessman Hermes Magnus in 2008, who reported an attempt to launder money through his company, Dunel Indústria e Comércio, a manufacturer of electronic components. Ensuing investigations culminated in the identification of four large criminal rings, headed by: , Alberto Youssef, , and Raul Henrique Srour.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: Costa and Youssef entered into a plea bargain with prosecutors and the scope of the investigation widened to nine major Brazilian construction firms: Camargo Correa, , , Odebrecht, , , , , and ,

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: On 19 January 2017, a small plane carrying Supreme Court Justice Teori Zavascki crashed into the sea near the tourist city of Paraty in the state of Rio de Janeiro, killing the magistrate and four other people. Zavascki had been handling Operation Car Wash corruption trials.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: A "Miami Herald" report noted in September 2017 that when Operation Car Wash began in 2014, fewer than 10,000 electronic monitoring bracelets were in use to enforce home detention sentences; by September 2017 the number had ballooned to more than 24,000.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: The conviction of Aldemir Bendine, Petrobras' former CEO, on corruption charges was annulled by the Supreme Federal Court in 2019 due to objections to the trial procedure.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: On 8 March 2016, Marcelo Odebrecht, CEO of Odebrecht and grandson of the company's founder, was sentenced to 19 years in prison after being convicted of paying more than $30 million in bribes to Petrobras executives.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: On 3 July 2018, failed Brazilian billionaire Eike Batista was convicted of bribing former Rio de Janeiro governor Sérgio Cabral for state government contracts, having paid Cabral US$16.6 million, and was sentenced to 30 years imprisonment.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: During the many years it has been going on, the Car Wash scandal has expanded from its original roots in money laundering, to encompass wider corruption in Brazil, and outside its borders in at least ten other countries, even beyond South America.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: On 5 November 2017, the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment, revealed that Odebrecht used at least one offshore company as a vehicle for paying the bribes uncovered through the Operation Car Wash investigation. Marcelo Odebrecht, his father Emílio Odebrecht and his brother Maurício Odebrecht are all mentioned in the Paradise Papers.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: During the governments of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and Néstor Kirchner, Odebrecht was awarded overvalued contracts worth at least US$9.6 billion.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: In Mexico, the former director of the state-owned oil company Pemex, a close ally of President Peña Nieto, is suspected of receiving US$10 million in bribes from Odebrecht.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: Ramón Fonseca Mora, president of Panama's Panameñista Party, was dismissed in March 2016 due to his involvement in the scandal. The Panama Papers resulted from a hack of his lawfirm's computer systems.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: Fonseca and his business partner Jürgen Mossack were arrested and jailed in February 2017. They were released in April 2017 after a judge ruled they had cooperated with the investigation and ordered them each to pay $500,000 in bail.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: Kuczynski resigned the Presidency on 21 March 2018 and was sent to pretrial detention on 10 April 2019. On 17 April 2019, Alan García, a former President of Peru who was also implicated in the scandal, died by suicide from shooting himself in the head while police attempted to arrest him.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: Former president Alejandro Toledo (2001–2006) was also implicated in the bribery scandal, and was arrested in Redwood City, California in July 2019 for allegedly taking bribes in connection with a highway construction contract.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: "The Guardian," reporting on retaliation against Greenwald from the Bolsonaro government and its supporters, said the articles published by Greenwald and "The Intercept" "have had an explosive impact on Brazilian politics and dominated headlines for weeks," adding that the exposés "appeared to show prosecutors in the sweeping Operation Car Wash corruption inquiry colluding with Sérgio Moro, the judge who became a hero in Brazil for jailing powerful businessmen, middlemen and politicians."

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: After Bolsonaro explicitly threatened to imprison Greenwald for this reporting, Supreme Court justice Gilmar Mendes ruled that any investigation of Greenwald in connection with the reporting would be illegal under Brazilian constitution, calling freedom of the press a "pillar of democracy".

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: Glenn Greenwald reported that the leaked file is bigger than the one in the Snowden case. Fernando Haddad considered the leaks to have potential to become the "greatest institutional scandal in the history of the Brazilian republic".

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: In response to the leaks, several top jurisprudence authorities and experts in Europe and the Americas, such as Susan Rose-Ackerman (praised by Car Wash prosecutor Deltan Dallagnol as the world's top corruption expert), Bruce Ackerman, and Luigi Ferrajoli, voiced their shock at the conduct of the Brazilian authorities and described former President Lula as a political prisoner, calling for his release.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Operation Car Wash

Context: There are two dramatizations of Operation Car Wash. One is the 2017 film "" ("Federal Police: The Law Is for Everyone"), directed by Marcelo Antunez (2017), and the other is the Netflix series "The Mechanism". The Netflix documentary and Academy Award nominee "The Edge of Democracy", by Petra Costa (2019), about the political crisis between 2016 and the election of Jair Bolsonaro, in 2018, has Operation Car Wash as an important element as well.

Question: Mikä oli Brasilian ex-presidentti Lulan saaman vankeusrangaistuksen pituus?


Derry

Context: Despite the official name, the city is more usually known as "Derry", which is an anglicisation of the Irish or , and translates as 'oak-grove/oak-wood'. The name derives from the settlement's earliest references, ('oak-grove of Calgach'). The name was changed from Derry in 1613 during the Plantation of Ulster to reflect the establishment of the city by the London guilds.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The name "Derry" is very much in popular use throughout Ireland for the naming of places, and there are at least six towns bearing that name and at least a further 79 places. The word "Derry" often forms part of the place name, for example Derrybeg, Derryboy, Derrylea and Derrymore.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Derry is the only remaining completely intact walled city in Ireland, and one of the finest examples of a walled city in Europe. The walls constitute the largest monument in State care in Northern Ireland and, as part of the last walled city to be built in Europe, stand as the most complete and spectacular.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: It is one of the few cities in Europe that never saw its fortifications breached, withstanding several sieges, including the famous Siege of Derry in 1689 which lasted 105 days; hence the city's nickname, "The Maiden City".

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Derry is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Ireland. The earliest historical references date to the 6th century when a monastery was founded there by St Columba or Colmcille, a famous saint from what is now County Donegal, but for thousands of years before that people had been living in the vicinity.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: This city was the first planned city in Ireland: it was begun in 1613, with the walls being completed in 1619, at a cost of £10,757. The central diamond within a walled city with four gates was thought to be a good design for defence. The grid pattern chosen was subsequently much copied in the colonies of British North America. The charter initially defined the city as extending three Irish miles (about 6.1 km) from the centre.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The city was rebuilt in the 18th century with many of its fine Georgian style houses still surviving. The city's first bridge across the River Foyle was built in 1790. During the 18th and 19th centuries the port became an important embarkation point for Irish emigrants setting out for North America.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Also during the 19th century, it became a destination for migrants fleeing areas more severely affected by the Great Famine. One of the most notable shipping lines was the McCorkell Line operated by Wm. McCorkell & Co. Ltd. from 1778. The McCorkell's most famous ship was the Minnehaha, which was known as the "Green Yacht from Derry".

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: During World War I the city contributed over 5,000 men to the British Army from Catholic and Protestant families.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: In 1921, following the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Partition of Ireland, it unexpectedly became a 'border city', separated from much of its traditional economic hinterland in County Donegal.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Ships from the Royal Navy, the Royal Canadian Navy, and other Allied navies were stationed in the city and the United States military established a base. Over 20,000 Royal Navy, 10,000 Royal Canadian Navy, and 6,000 United States Navy personnel were stationed in the city during the war.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The establishment of the American presence in the city was the result of a secret agreement between the Americans and the British before the Americans entered the war. It was the first American naval base in Europe and the terminal for American convoys en route to Europe.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The border location of the city, and influx of trade from the military convoys allowed for significant smuggling operations to develop in the city.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: At the conclusion of the Second World War, eventually some 60 U-boats of the German Kriegsmarine ended in the city's harbour at Lisahally after their surrender. The initial surrender was attended by Admiral Sir Max Horton, Commander-in-Chief of the Western Approaches, and Sir Basil Brooke, third Prime Minister of Northern Ireland.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The city languished after the second world war, with unemployment and development stagnating. A large campaign, led by the University for Derry Committee, to have Northern Ireland's second university located in the city, ended in failure.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Catholics were discriminated against under Unionist government in Northern Ireland, both politically and economically. In the late 1960s the city became the flashpoint of disputes about institutional gerrymandering. Political scientist John Whyte explains that:

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: A civil rights demonstration in 1968 led by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association was banned by the Government and blocked using force by the Royal Ulster Constabulary. The events that followed the August 1969 Apprentice Boys parade resulted in the Battle of the Bogside, when Catholic rioters fought the police, leading to widespread civil disorder in Northern Ireland and is often dated as the starting point of the Troubles.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: On Sunday 30 January 1972, 13 unarmed civilians were shot dead by British paratroopers during a civil rights march in the Bogside area. Another 13 were wounded and one further man later died of his wounds. This event came to be known as Bloody Sunday.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The conflict which became known as the Troubles is widely regarded as having started in Derry with the Battle of the Bogside. The Civil Rights Movement had also been very active in the city. In the early 1970s the city was heavily militarised and there was widespread civil unrest. Several districts in the city constructed barricades to control access and prevent the forces of the state from entering.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Violence eased towards the end of the Troubles in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Irish journalist Ed Maloney claims in "The Secret History of the IRA" that republican leaders there negotiated a "de facto" ceasefire in the city as early as 1991. Whether this is true or not, the city did see less bloodshed by this time than Belfast or other localities.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The city was visited by an orca in November 1977 at the height of the Troubles; it was dubbed Dopey Dick by the thousands who came from miles around to see him.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The council merged with Strabane District Council in April 2015 under local government reorganisation to become Derry and Strabane District Council.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The devices on the city's arms are a skeleton and a three-towered castle on a black field, with the "chief" or top third of the shield showing the arms of the City of London: a red cross and sword on white. In the centre of the cross is a gold harp. In unofficial use the harp sometimes appears above the arms as a crest.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The motto attached to the coat of arms reads in Latin, "Vita, Veritas, Victoria". This translates into English as "Life, Truth, Victory".

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Today, modern Derry extends considerably north and west of the city walls and east of the river. The half of the city the west of the Foyle is known as the Cityside and the area east is called the Waterside. The Cityside and Waterside are connected by the Craigavon Bridge and Foyle Bridge, and by a foot bridge in the centre of the city called Peace Bridge. The district also extends into rural areas to the southeast of the city.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Other important nature reserves lie at Ness Country Park, east of Derry; and at Prehen Wood, within the city's south-eastern suburbs.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The mid-2006 population estimate for the wider Derry City Council area was 107,300. Population growth in 2005/06 was driven by natural change, with net out-migration of approximately 100 people.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The city was one of the few in Ireland to experience an increase in population during the Great Famine as migrants came to it from other, more heavily affected areas.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Concerns have been raised by both communities over the increasingly divided nature of the city. There were about 17,000 Protestants on the west bank of the River Foyle in 1971. The proportion rapidly declined during the 1970s; the 2011 census recorded 3,169 Protestants on the west bank, compared to 54,976 Catholics, and it is feared that the city could become permanently divided.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: However, concerted efforts have been made by local community, church and political leaders from both traditions to redress the problem. A conference to bring together key actors and promote tolerance was held in October 2006. Ken Good, the Church of Ireland Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, said he was happy living on the cityside. "I feel part of it. It is my city and I want to encourage other Protestants to feel exactly the same", he said.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Support for Protestants in the district has been strong from the SDLP politician Helen Quigley, who formerly served as the Mayor of Derry. She made inclusion and tolerance key themes of her mayoralty. Cllr. Quigley said it was time for "everyone to take a stand to stop the scourge of sectarian and other assaults in the city."

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The industry reached its peak in the 1920s employing around 18,000 people. In modern times however the textile industry declined due largely to lower Asian wages.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: A long-term foreign employer in the area is Du Pont, which has been based at Maydown since 1958, its first European production facility. Originally Neoprene was manufactured at Maydown and subsequently followed by Hypalon. More recently Lycra and Kevlar production units were active. Thanks to a worldwide demand for Kevlar, which is made at the plant, the facility undertook a £40 million upgrade to expand its global Kevlar production.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Even though the city provides cheap labour by standards in Western Europe, critics have noted that the grants offered by the Northern Ireland Industrial Development Board have helped land jobs for the area that only last as long as the funding lasts. This was reflected in questions to the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Richard Needham, in 1990. It was noted that it cost £30,000 to create one job in an American firm in Northern Ireland.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The city is the north west's foremost shopping district, housing two large shopping centres along with numerous shop packed streets serving much of the greater county, as well as Tyrone and Donegal.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Until the store's closure in March 2016, the city was also home to the world's oldest independent department store, Austins. Established in 1830, Austins predates Jenners of Edinburgh by 5 years, Harrods of London by 15 years and Macy's of New York by 25 years. The store's five-story Edwardian building is located within the walled city in the area known as The Diamond.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Attractions include museums, a vibrant shopping centre and trips to the Giant's Causeway, which is approximately away, though poorly connected by public transport. Lonely Planet called Derry the fourth best city in the world to see in 2013.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Future projects include the Walled City Signature Project, which intends to ensure that the city's walls become a world class tourist experience. The Ilex Urban Regeneration Company is charged with delivering several landmark redevelopments. It has taken control of two former British Army barracks in the centre of the city. The Ebrington site is nearing completion and is linked to the city centre by the new Peace Bridge.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The transport network is built out of a complex array of old and modern roads and railways throughout the city and county. The city's road network also makes use of two bridges to cross the River Foyle, the Craigavon Bridge and the Foyle Bridge, the longest bridge in Ireland. Derry also serves as a major transport hub for travel throughout nearby County Donegal.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: City of Derry Airport, the council-owned airport near Eglinton, has grown during the early 21st century, with new investment in extending the runway and plans to redevelop the terminal.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The airport is served by Loganair and Ryanair with scheduled flights to Glasgow Airport, Edinburgh Airport, Manchester Airport, Liverpool John Lennon Airport and London Stansted all year round with a summer schedule to Mallorca with TUI Airways

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Several railways began operation around the city of Derry within the middle of the 19th century. The companies that set up links helped to provide key links for the city towards other towns and cities across Ireland, for the transportation of passengers and freight. The lines that were constructed featured a mixture of Irish gauge and narrow gauge railways, and companies that operated them included:

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Alongside the railways, the city was served by a standard gauge () tramway, the City of Derry Tramways. The tramway was opened in 1897 and consisted of horse trams that operated along a single line, long, which ran along the City side of the Foyle parallel to the LPHC's line on that side of the river. The line never converted to electrically operated trams, and was closed in 1919.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: In October 2006 the Government of Ireland announced that it was to invest €1 billion in Northern Ireland; with the planned projects including 'the A5 Western Transport Corridor', the complete upgrade of the A5 Derry – Omagh – Aughnacloy (– Dublin) road, around long, to dual carriageway standard.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: In June 2008 Conor Murphy, Minister for Regional Development, announced that there will be a study into the feasibility of connecting the A5 and A6. Should it proceed, the scheme would most likely run from Drumahoe to south of Prehen along the south east of the city.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The port gave vital Allied service in the longest running campaign of the Second World War, the Battle of the Atlantic, and saw the surrender of the German U-boat fleet at Lisahally on 8 May 1945.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The tidal River Foyle is navigable from the coast at Derry to approximately inland. In 1796, the Strabane Canal was opened, continuing the navigation a further southwards to Strabane. The canal was closed in 1962.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The North West Regional College is also based in the city, and accommodates over 10,000 student enrolments annually.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: One of the two oldest secondary schools in Northern Ireland, Foyle College, is located in Derry. It was founded in 1616 by the Merchant Taylors. Other secondary schools include St. Columb's College, Oakgrove Integrated College, St Cecilia's College, St Mary's College, St. Joseph's Boys' School, Lisneal College, Thornhill College, Lumen Christi College and St. Brigid's College. There are also numerous primary schools.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The city is home to sports clubs and teams. Both association football and Gaelic football are popular in the area.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: In association football, the city's most prominent clubs include Derry City who play in the national league of the Republic of Ireland; Institute of the NIFL Championship as well as Maiden City and Trojans, both of the Northern Ireland Intermediate League.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: In Gaelic football Derry GAA are the county team and play in the Gaelic Athletic Association's National Football League, Ulster Senior Football Championship and All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. They also field hurling teams in the equivalent tournaments. There are many Gaelic games clubs in and around the city, for example Na Magha CLG, Steelstown GAC, Doire Colmcille CLG, Seán Dolans GAC, Na Piarsaigh CLG Doire Trasna and Slaughtmanus GAC.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: There are many boxing clubs, the most well-known being "The Ring Boxing Club", which is based on the City side, and associated with boxers Charlie Nash and John Duddy. Rochester's Amateur Boxing club is a club in the city's Waterside area.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Rugby union is also quite popular in the city, with the City of Derry Rugby Club situated not far from the city centre. City of Derry won both the Ulster Towns Cup and the Ulster Junior Cup in 2009.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The city's only basketball club is North Star Basketball Club which has teams in the Basketball Northern Ireland senior and junior Leagues.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: Cricket is also played in the city, particularly in the Waterside. The city is home to two cricket clubs, Brigade Cricket Club and Glendermott Cricket Club, both of whom play in the North West Senior League.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: There are two golf clubs situated in the city, City of Derry Golf Club and Foyle International Golf Centre.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: In May 2013 a perpetual Peace Flame Monument was unveiled by Martin Luther King III and Presbyterian minister Rev. David Latimer. The flame was lit by children from both traditions in the city and is one of only 15 such flames across the world.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: There are numerous radio stations receivable: the largest stations based in the city are BBC Radio Foyle and the commercial station Q102.9.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: There was a locally based television station, C9TV, one of only two local or 'restricted' television services in Northern Ireland, which ceased broadcasts in 2007.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Derry

Context: The city's night-life is mainly focused on the weekends, with several bars and clubs providing "student nights" during the weekdays. Waterloo Street and Strand Road provide the main venues. Waterloo Street, a steep street lined with both Irish traditional and modern pubs, frequently has live rock and traditional music at night.

Question: Mikä on Pohjois-Irlannin toiseksi suurin kaupunki?


Iron

Context: Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in front of oxygen (32.1% and 30.1%, respectively), forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust.

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Iron

Context: Pristine and smooth pure iron surfaces are mirror-like silvery-gray. However, iron reacts readily with oxygen and water to give brown to black hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust. Unlike the oxides of some other metals, that form passivating layers, rust occupies more volume than the metal and thus flakes off, exposing fresh surfaces for corrosion. Although iron readily reacts, high purity iron, called electrolytic iron, has better corrosion resistance.

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Iron

Context: The body of an adult human contains about 4 grams (0.005% body weight) of iron, mostly in hemoglobin and myoglobin. These two proteins play essential roles in vertebrate metabolism, respectively oxygen transport by blood and oxygen storage in muscles. To maintain the necessary levels, human iron metabolism requires a minimum of iron in the diet. Iron is also the metal at the active site of many important redox enzymes dealing with cellular respiration and oxidation and reduction in plants and animals.

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Iron

Context: Chemically, the most common oxidation states of iron are iron(II) and iron(III). Iron shares many properties of other transition metals, including the other group 8 elements, ruthenium and osmium. Iron forms compounds in a wide range of oxidation states, −2 to +7. Iron also forms many coordination compounds; some of them, such as ferrocene, ferrioxalate, and Prussian blue, have substantial industrial, medical, or research applications.

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Iron

Context: At least four allotropes of iron (differing atom arrangements in the solid) are known, conventionally denoted α, γ, δ, and ε.

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Iron

Context: The first three forms are observed at ordinary pressures. As molten iron cools past its freezing point of 1538 °C, it crystallizes into its δ allotrope, which has a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure. As it cools further to 1394 °C, it changes to its γ-iron allotrope, a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, or austenite. At 912 °C and below, the crystal structure again becomes the bcc α-iron allotrope.

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Iron

Context: The physical properties of iron at very high pressures and temperatures have also been studied extensively, because of their relevance to theories about the cores of the Earth and other planets. Above approximately 10 GPa and temperatures of a few hundred kelvin or less, α-iron changes into another hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure, which is also known as ε-iron. The higher-temperature γ-phase also changes into ε-iron, but does so at higher pressure.

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Iron

Context: Some controversial experimental evidence exists for a stable β phase at pressures above 50 GPa and temperatures of at least 1500 K. It is supposed to have an orthorhombic or a double hcp structure. (Confusingly, the term "β-iron" is sometimes also used to refer to α-iron above its Curie point, when it changes from being ferromagnetic to paramagnetic, even though its crystal structure has not changed.)

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Iron

Context: The inner core of the Earth is generally presumed to consist of an iron-nickel alloy with ε (or β) structure.

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Iron

Context: The melting point of iron is experimentally well defined for pressures less than 50 GPa. For greater pressures, published data (as of 2007) still varies by tens of gigapascals and over a thousand kelvin.

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Iron

Context: Below its Curie point of , α-iron changes from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic: the spins of the two unpaired electrons in each atom generally align with the spins of its neighbors, creating an overall magnetic field. This happens because the orbitals of those two electrons (d"z"2 and d"x"2 − "y"2) do not point toward neighboring atoms in the lattice, and therefore are not involved in metallic bonding.

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Iron

Context: In the absence of an external source of magnetic field, the atoms get spontaneously partitioned into magnetic domains, about 10 micrometers across, such that the atoms in each domain have parallel spins, but some domains have other orientations. Thus a macroscopic piece of iron will have a nearly zero overall magnetic field.

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Iron

Context: Iron has four stable isotopes: 54Fe (5.845% of natural iron), 56Fe (91.754%), 57Fe (2.119%) and 58Fe (0.282%). 20-30 artificial isotopes have also been created. Of these stable isotopes, only 57Fe has a nuclear spin (−). The nuclide 54Fe theoretically can undergo double electron capture to 54Cr, but the process has never been observed and only a lower limit on the half-life of 3.1×1022 years has been established.

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Iron

Context: In the far future of the universe, assuming that proton decay does not occur, cold fusion occurring via quantum tunnelling would cause the light nuclei in ordinary matter to fuse into 56Fe nuclei. Fission and alpha-particle emission would then make heavy nuclei decay into iron, converting all stellar-mass objects to cold spheres of pure iron.

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Iron

Context: Iron's abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production during the runaway fusion and explosion of type Ia supernovae, which scatters the iron into space.

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Iron

Context: While iron is the most abundant element on Earth, most of this iron is concentrated in the inner and outer cores. The fraction of iron that is in Earth's crust only amounts to about 5% of the overall mass of the crust and is thus only the fourth most abundant element in that layer (after oxygen, silicon, and aluminium).

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Iron

Context: Large deposits of iron are banded iron formations, a type of rock consisting of repeated thin layers of iron oxides alternating with bands of iron-poor shale and chert. The banded iron formations were laid down in the time between and .

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Iron

Context: Significant amounts of iron occur in the iron sulfide mineral pyrite (FeS2), but it is difficult to extract iron from it and it is therefore not exploited. In fact, iron is so common that production generally focuses only on ores with very high quantities of it.

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Iron

Context: According to the International Resource Panel's Metal Stocks in Society report, the global stock of iron in use in society is 2,200 kg per capita. More-developed countries differ in this respect from less-developed countries (7,000–14,000 vs 2,000 kg per capita).

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Iron

Context: Ocean science demonstrated the role of the iron in the ancient seas in both marine biota and climate.

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Iron

Context: Unlike many other metals, iron does not form amalgams with mercury. As a result, mercury is traded in standardized 76 pound flasks (34 kg) made of iron.

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Iron

Context: Iron is by far the most reactive element in its group; it is pyrophoric when finely divided and dissolves easily in dilute acids, giving Fe2+. However, it does not react with concentrated nitric acid and other oxidizing acids due to the formation of an impervious oxide layer, which can nevertheless react with hydrochloric acid. High purity iron, called electrolytic iron, is considered to be resistant to rust, due to its oxide layer.

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Iron

Context: The binary ferrous and ferric halides are well-known. The ferrous halides typically arise from treating iron metal with the corresponding hydrohalic acid to give the corresponding hydrated salts.

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Iron

Context: Iron reacts with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine to give the corresponding ferric halides, ferric chloride being the most common.

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Iron

Context: Ferric iodide is an exception, being thermodynamically unstable due to the oxidizing power of Fe3+ and the high reducing power of I−:

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Iron

Context: Ferric iodide, a black solid, is not stable in ordinary conditions, but can be prepared through the reaction of iron pentacarbonyl with iodine and carbon monoxide in the presence of hexane and light at the temperature of −20 °C, with oxygen and water excluded. Complexes of ferric iodide with some soft bases are known to be stable compounds.

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Iron

Context: The standard reduction potentials in acidic aqueous solution for some common iron ions are given below:

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Iron

Context: The red-purple tetrahedral ferrate(VI) anion is such a strong oxidizing agent that it oxidizes nitrogen and ammonia at room temperature, and even water itself in acidic or neutral solutions:

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Iron

Context: The Fe3+ ion has a large simple cationic chemistry, although the pale-violet hexaquo ion is very readily hydrolyzed when pH increases above 0 as follows:

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Iron

Context: Iron(III) complexes are quite similar to those of chromium(III) with the exception of iron(III)'s preference for "O"-donor instead of "N"-donor ligands. The latter tend to be rather more unstable than iron(II) complexes and often dissociate in water. Many Fe–O complexes show intense colors and are used as tests for phenols or enols. For example, in the ferric chloride test, used to determine the presence of phenols, iron(III) chloride reacts with a phenol to form a deep violet complex:

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Iron

Context: Iron(II) complexes are less stable than iron(III) complexes but the preference for "O"-donor ligands is less marked, so that for example is known while is not. They have a tendency to be oxidized to iron(III) but this can be moderated by low pH and the specific ligands used.

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Iron

Context: Organoiron chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds of iron, where carbon atoms are covalently bound to the metal atom. They are many and varied, including cyanide complexes, carbonyl complexes, sandwich and half-sandwich compounds.

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Iron

Context: Prussian blue or "ferric ferrocyanide", Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, is an old and well-known iron-cyanide complex, extensively used as pigment and in several other applications. Its formation can be used as a simple wet chemistry test to distinguish between aqueous solutions of Fe2+ and Fe3+ as they react (respectively) with potassium ferricyanide and potassium ferrocyanide to form Prussian blue.

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Iron

Context: A landmark in this field was the discovery in 1951 of the remarkably stable sandwich compound ferrocene , by Paulson and Kealy and independently by Miller and others, whose surprising molecular structure was determined only a year later by Woodward and Wilkinson and Fischer.

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Iron

Context: Iron-centered organometallic species are used as catalysts. The Knölker complex, for example, is a transfer hydrogenation catalyst for ketones.

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Iron

Context: The iron compounds produced on the largest scale in industry are iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl3). The former is one of the most readily available sources of iron(II), but is less stable to aerial oxidation than Mohr's salt (). Iron(II) compounds tend to be oxidized to iron(III) compounds in the air.

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Iron

Context: Iron is one of the elements undoubtedly known to the ancient world. It has been worked, or wrought, for millennia. However, iron objects of great age are much rarer than objects made of gold or silver due to the ease with which iron corrodes. The technology developed slowly, and even after the discovery of smelting it took many centuries for iron to replace bronze as the metal of choice for tools and weapons.

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Iron

Context: Beads made from meteoric iron in 3500 BC or earlier were found in Gerzeh, Egypt by G.A. Wainwright. The beads contain 7.5% nickel, which is a signature of meteoric origin since iron found in the Earth's crust generally has only minuscule nickel impurities.

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Iron

Context: Meteoric iron was highly regarded due to its origin in the heavens and was often used to forge weapons and tools. For example, a dagger made of meteoric iron was found in the tomb of Tutankhamun, containing similar proportions of iron, cobalt, and nickel to a meteorite discovered in the area, deposited by an ancient meteor shower. Items that were likely made of iron by Egyptians date from 3000 to 2500 BC.

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Iron

Context: Meteoritic iron is comparably soft and ductile and easily cold forged but may get brittle when heated because of the nickel content.

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Iron

Context: Some archaeological evidence suggests iron was smelted in Zimbabwe and southeast Africa as early as the eighth century BC. Iron working was introduced to Greece in the late 11th century BC, from which it spread quickly throughout Europe.

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Iron

Context: During the Industrial Revolution in Britain, Henry Cort began refining iron from pig iron to wrought iron (or bar iron) using innovative production systems. In 1783 he patented the puddling process for refining iron ore. It was later improved by others, including Joseph Hall.

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Iron

Context: Medieval blast furnaces were about tall and made of fireproof brick; forced air was usually provided by hand-operated bellows. Modern blast furnaces have grown much bigger, with hearths fourteen meters in diameter that allow them to produce thousands of tons of iron each day, but essentially operate in much the same way as they did during medieval times.

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Iron

Context: Steel (with smaller carbon content than pig iron but more than wrought iron) was first produced in antiquity by using a bloomery. Blacksmiths in Luristan in western Persia were making good steel by 1000 BC. Then improved versions, Wootz steel by India and Damascus steel were developed around 300 BC and AD 500 respectively. These methods were specialized, and so steel did not become a major commodity until the 1850s.

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Iron

Context: In 1774, Antoine Lavoisier used the reaction of water steam with metallic iron inside an incandescent iron tube to produce hydrogen in his experiments leading to the demonstration of the conservation of mass, which was instrumental in changing chemistry from a qualitative science to a quantitative one.

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Iron

Context: Iron plays a certain role in mythology and has found various usage as a metaphor and in folklore. The Greek poet Hesiod's "Works and Days" (lines 109–201) lists different ages of man named after metals like gold, silver, bronze and iron to account for successive ages of humanity. The Iron Age was closely related with Rome, and in Ovid's "Metamorphoses"

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Iron

Context: An example of the importance of iron's symbolic role may be found in the German Campaign of 1813. Frederick William III commissioned then the first Iron Cross as military decoration. Berlin iron jewellery reached its peak production between 1813 and 1815, when the Prussian royal family urged citizens to donate gold and silver jewellery for military funding. The inscription "Gold gab ich für Eisen" (I gave gold for iron) was used as well in later war efforts.

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Iron

Context: For a few limited purposes when it is needed, pure iron is produced in the laboratory in small quantities by reducing the pure oxide or hydroxide with hydrogen, or forming iron pentacarbonyl and heating it to 250 °C so that it decomposes to form pure iron powder. Another method is electrolysis of ferrous chloride onto an iron cathode.

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Iron

Context: Nowadays, the industrial production of iron or steel consists of two main stages. In the first stage, iron ore is reduced with coke in a blast furnace, and the molten metal is separated from gross impurities such as silicate minerals. This stage yields an alloy—pig iron—that contains relatively large amounts of carbon. In the second stage, the amount of carbon in the pig iron is lowered by oxidation to yield wrought iron, steel, or cast iron. Other metals can be added at this stage to form alloy steels.

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Iron

Context: The blast furnace is loaded with iron ores, usually hematite or magnetite , along with coke (coal that has been separately baked to remove volatile components) and flux (limestone or dolomite). "Blasts" of air pre-heated to 900 °C (sometimes with oxygen enrichment) is blown through the mixture, in sufficient amount to turn the carbon into carbon monoxide:

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Iron

Context: This reaction raises the temperature to about 2000 °C. The carbon monoxide reduces the iron ore to metallic iron

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Iron

Context: Steel products often undergo various heat treatments after they are forged to shape. Annealing consists of heating them to 700–800 °C for several hours and then gradual cooling. It makes the steel softer and more workable.

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Iron

Context: Owing to environmental concerns, alternative methods of processing iron have been developed. "Direct iron reduction" reduces iron ore to a ferrous lump called "sponge" iron or "direct" iron that is suitable for steelmaking. Two main reactions comprise the direct reduction process:

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Iron

Context: Ignition of a mixture of aluminium powder and iron oxide yields metallic iron via the thermite reaction:

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Iron

Context: Alternatively pig iron may be made into steel (with up to about 2% carbon) or wrought iron (commercially pure iron). Various processes have been used for this, including finery forges, puddling furnaces, Bessemer converters, open hearth furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, and electric arc furnaces. In all cases, the objective is to oxidize some or all of the carbon, together with other impurities. On the other hand, other metals may be added to make alloy steels.

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Iron

Context: Iron is the most widely used of all the metals, accounting for over 90% of worldwide metal production. Its low cost and high strength often make it the material of choice material to withstand stress or transmit forces, such as the construction of machinery and machine tools, rails, automobiles, ship hulls, concrete reinforcing bars, and the load-carrying framework of buildings. Since pure iron is quite soft, it is most commonly combined with alloying elements to make steel.

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Iron

Context: The mechanical properties of iron and its alloys are extremely relevant to their structural applications. Those properties can be evaluated in various ways, including the Brinell test, the Rockwell test and the Vickers hardness test.

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Iron

Context: The properties of pure iron are often used to calibrate measurements or to compare tests. However, the mechanical properties of iron are significantly affected by the sample's purity: pure, single crystals of iron are actually softer than aluminium, and the purest industrially produced iron (99.99%) has a hardness of 20–30 Brinell. The pure iron (99.9%～99.999%), especially called electrolytic iron, is industrially produced by electrolytic refining.

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Iron

Context: An increase in the carbon content will cause a significant increase in the hardness and tensile strength of iron. Maximum hardness of 65 Rc is achieved with a 0.6% carbon content, although the alloy has low tensile strength. Because of the softness of iron, it is much easier to work with than its heavier congeners ruthenium and osmium.

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Iron

Context: α-Iron is a fairly soft metal that can dissolve only a small concentration of carbon (no more than 0.021% by mass at 910 °C). Austenite (γ-iron) is similarly soft and metallic but can dissolve considerably more carbon (as much as 2.04% by mass at 1146 °C). This form of iron is used in the type of stainless steel used for making cutlery, and hospital and food-service equipment.

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Iron

Context: In gray iron the carbon exists as separate, fine flakes of graphite, and also renders the material brittle due to the sharp edged flakes of graphite that produce stress concentration sites within the material. A newer variant of gray iron, referred to as ductile iron, is specially treated with trace amounts of magnesium to alter the shape of graphite to spheroids, or nodules, reducing the stress concentrations and vastly increasing the toughness and strength of the material.

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Iron

Context: Wrought iron contains less than 0.25% carbon but large amounts of slag that give it a fibrous characteristic. It is a tough, malleable product, but not as fusible as pig iron. If honed to an edge, it loses it quickly. Wrought iron is characterized by the presence of fine fibers of slag entrapped within the metal. Wrought iron is more corrosion resistant than steel. It has been almost completely replaced by mild steel for traditional "wrought iron" products and blacksmithing.

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Iron

Context: Alloys with high purity elemental makeups (such as alloys of electrolytic iron) have specifically enhanced properties such as ductility, tensile strength, toughness, fatigue strength, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance.

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Iron

Context: Apart from traditional applications, iron is also used for protection from ionizing radiation. Although it is lighter than another traditional protection material, lead, it is much stronger mechanically. The attenuation of radiation as a function of energy is shown in the graph.

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Iron

Context: The main disadvantage of iron and steel is that pure iron, and most of its alloys, suffer badly from rust if not protected in some way, a cost amounting to over 1% of the world's economy. Painting, galvanization, passivation, plastic coating and bluing are all used to protect iron from rust by excluding water and oxygen or by cathodic protection. The mechanism of the rusting of iron is as follows:

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Iron

Context: The electrolyte is usually iron(II) sulfate in urban areas (formed when atmospheric sulfur dioxide attacks iron), and salt particles in the atmosphere in seaside areas.

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Iron

Context: Iron(III) oxide mixed with aluminium powder can be ignited to create a thermite reaction, used in welding large iron parts (like rails) and purifying ores. Iron(III) oxide and oxyhidroxide are used as reddish and ocher pigments.

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Iron

Context: Iron(III) chloride finds use in water purification and sewage treatment, in the dyeing of cloth, as a coloring agent in paints, as an additive in animal feed, and as an etchant for copper in the manufacture of printed circuit boards. It can also be dissolved in alcohol to form tincture of iron, which is used as a medicine to stop bleeding in canaries.

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Iron

Context: Iron(II) sulfate is used as a precursor to other iron compounds. It is also used to reduce chromate in cement. It is used to fortify foods and treat iron deficiency anemia. Iron(III) sulfate is used in settling minute sewage particles in tank water. Iron(II) chloride is used as a reducing flocculating agent, in the formation of iron complexes and magnetic iron oxides, and as a reducing agent in organic synthesis.

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Iron

Context: Iron is required for life. The iron–sulfur clusters are pervasive and include nitrogenase, the enzymes responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. Iron-containing proteins participate in transport, storage and used of oxygen. Iron proteins are involved in electron transfer.

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Iron

Context: Examples of iron-containing proteins in higher organisms include hemoglobin, cytochrome (see high-valent iron), and catalase. The average adult human contains about 0.005% body weight of iron, or about four grams, of which three quarters is in hemoglobin – a level that remains constant despite only about one milligram of iron being absorbed each day, because the human body recycles its hemoglobin for the iron content.

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Iron

Context: Iron acquisition poses a problem for aerobic organisms because ferric iron is poorly soluble near neutral pH. Thus, these organisms have developed means to absorb iron as complexes, sometimes taking up ferrous iron before oxidising it back to ferric iron. In particular, bacteria have evolved very high-affinity sequestering agents called siderophores.

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Iron

Context: The most commonly known and studied bioinorganic iron compounds (biological iron molecules) are the heme proteins: examples are hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome P450. These compounds participate in transporting gases, building enzymes, and transferring electrons. Metalloproteins are a group of proteins with metal ion cofactors. Some examples of iron metalloproteins are ferritin and rubredoxin. Many enzymes vital to life contain iron, such as catalase, lipoxygenases, and IRE-BP.

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Iron

Context: The ability of sea mussels to maintain their grip on rocks in the ocean is facilitated by their use of organometallic iron-based bonds in their protein-rich cuticles. Based on synthetic replicas, the presence of iron in these structures increased elastic modulus 770 times, tensile strength 58 times, and toughness 92 times. The amount of stress required to permanently damage them increased 76 times.

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Iron

Context: Iron is pervasive, but particularly rich sources of dietary iron include red meat, oysters, lentils, beans, poultry, fish, leaf vegetables, watercress, tofu, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, and blackstrap molasses. Bread and breakfast cereals are sometimes specifically fortified with iron.

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Iron

Context: Infants may require iron supplements if they are bottle-fed cow's milk. Frequent blood donors are at risk of low iron levels and are often advised to supplement their iron intake.

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Iron

Context: For U.S. food and dietary supplement labeling purposes the amount in a serving is expressed as a percent of Daily Value (%DV). For iron labeling purposes 100% of the Daily Value was 18 mg, and remained unchanged at 18 mg. A table of the old and new adult daily values is provided at Reference Daily Intake.

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Iron

Context: The medical management of iron toxicity is complicated, and can include use of a specific chelating agent called deferoxamine to bind and expel excess iron from the body.

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Iron

Context: Some research has suggested that low thalamic iron levels may play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Some researchers have found that iron supplementation can be effective especially in the inattentive subtype of the disorder. Further, research has shown that iron has the potential to decrease the risk of cardiovascular events during treatment with ADHD drugs or can be used as an intervention to optimize response to psychostimulants at a lower dose.

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Iron

Context: The role of iron in cancer defense can be described as a "double-edged sword" because of its pervasive presence in non-pathological processes. People having chemotherapy may develop iron deficiency and anemia, for which intravenous iron therapy is used to restore iron levels. Iron overload, which may occur from high consumption of red meat, may initiate tumor growth and increase susceptibility to cancer onset, particularly for colorectal cancer.

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Iron

Context: Iron plays an essential role in marine systems and can act as a limiting nutrient for planktonic activity. Because of this, too much of a decrease in iron may lead to a decrease in growth rates in phytoplanktonic organisms such as diatoms. Iron can also be oxidized by marine microbes under conditions that are high in iron and low in oxygen.

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Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Context: After the mixed reaction to "Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom", Spielberg chose to lower the dark tone and graphic violence in the next installment. During the five years between "The Temple of Doom" and "The Last Crusade", he and executive producer Lucas reviewed several scripts before accepting Jeffrey Boam's. Filming locations included Spain, Italy, West Germany, Jordan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

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Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Context: "The Last Crusade" was released by Paramount Pictures in North America on May 24, 1989, and was a financial success, earning $475.8 million at the worldwide box office, and won the Academy Award for Best Sound Effects Editing. A sequel, "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull", followed in 2008.

Question: Milloin viimeinen ristiretki tehtiin?


Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Context: The motorcycles used in the chase from the castle were a mixed bag: the scout model with sidecar in which Indy and Henry escape was an original Dnepr, complete with machine gun pintle on the sidecar, while the pursuing vehicles were more modern machines dressed up with equipment and logos to make them resemble German army models.

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Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Context: Gibbs used Swiss Pilatus P-2 army training planes standing in for Messerschmitt Bf 109s. He built a device based on an internal combustion engine to simulate gunfire, which was safer and less expensive than firing blanks. Baking soda was applied to Connery to create Henry's bullet wound. Vinegar was applied to create the foaming effect as the water from the Grail washes it away.

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Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Context: At least one reproduction Kübelwagen was used during filming despite the film being set two years prior to manufacture of said vehicles.

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Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Context: A son's relationship with his estranged father is a common theme in Spielberg's films, including "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial" and "Hook".

Question: Milloin viimeinen ristiretki tehtiin?


Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Context: The film's teaser trailer debuted in November 1988 with "Scrooged" and "". Rob MacGregor wrote the tie-in novelization that was released in June 1989; it sold enough copies to be included on the "New York Times" Best Seller list. MacGregor went on to write the first six "Indiana Jones" prequel novels during the 1990s. Following the film's release, Ford donated Indiana's fedora and jacket to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History.

Question: Milloin viimeinen ristiretki tehtiin?


Pythagoreion

Context: The archaeological site contains ancient Greek and Roman monuments and a famous ancient tunnel, the Tunnel of Eupalinos or Eupalinian aqueduct. Along with the Heraion of Samos, the Pythagoreion was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.

Question: Miksi Samoksen kaupungista tuli Pythagóreion kylä?


Bungie

Context: Among Bungie's side projects is Bungie.net, the company's website, which includes company information, forums, and statistics-tracking and integration with many of its games. Bungie.net serves as the platform from which Bungie sells company-related merchandise out of the Bungie Store and runs other projects, including Bungie Aerospace, charitable organization the Bungie Foundation, a podcast, and online publications about game topics. The company is known for its informal and dedicated workplace culture.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: In the early 1990s, Alex Seropian was pursuing a mathematics degree at the University of Chicago, as the university did not offer undergraduate degrees in computer science. Living at home shortly before graduation, his father's wishes for him to get a job convinced Seropian to start his own game company instead.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: Seropian officially founded Bungie Software Products Corporation in May 1991 to publish "". Seropian culled funding from friends and family, assembling the game boxes and writing the disks himself. "Operation: Desert Storm" sold 2,500 copies, and Seropian looked for another game to publish.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: After "Marathon", Bungie moved away from first-person shooters to release a strategy game, "". The game stressed tactical unit management as opposed to the resource gathering model of other combat strategy titles. The "Myth" games won several awards and spawned a large and active online community. "Myth: The Fallen Lords" was the first Bungie game to be released simultaneously for both Mac and Windows platforms.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: The success of "Myth" enabled Bungie to change Chicago offices and establish a San Jose, California based branch of the studio, Bungie West, in 1997. Bungie West's first and only game would be "Oni", an action title for the Mac, PC and PlayStation 2.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: In 1999, Bungie announced its next product, "", originally intended to be a third-person shooter game for Windows and Macintosh. "Halo"s public unveiling occurred at the Macworld Expo 1999 keynote address by Apple's then-interim-CEO Steve Jobs (after a closed-door screening at E3 in 1999).

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: As a result of the buyout, the rights to "Myth" and "Oni" were transferred to Take-Two Interactive (which at the time owned 19.9% of the studio) as part of the three-way deal between Microsoft, Bungie and Take-Two Interactive; most of the original "Oni" developers were able to continue working on "Oni" until its release in 2001. "Halo: Combat Evolved", meanwhile, went on to become a critically acclaimed hit, selling more than 6.5 million copies, and becoming the Xbox's flagship franchise.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: "Halo"s success led to Bungie creating two sequels. "Halo 2" was released on November 9, 2004, making more than $125 million on release day and setting a record in the entertainment industry. "Halo 3" was released on September 25, 2007, and surpassed "Halo 2"s records, making $170 million in its first twenty-four hours of release.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: On October 1, 2007, Microsoft and Bungie announced that Bungie was splitting off from its parent and becoming a privately held limited liability company named Bungie, LLC. As outlined in a deal between the two, Microsoft would retain a minority stake and continue to partner with Bungie on publishing and marketing both "Halo" and future projects, with the "Halo" intellectual property belonging to Microsoft.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: Bungie continued expanding, though it did not commit to details about new projects and ship dates. The company grew from roughly 120 employees in May 2008 to 165 in June 2009, outgrowing the studio Microsoft developed. Ryan helped redesign a former multiplex movie theater in Bellevue into new Bungie offices, with replacing the the company occupied previously.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: In April 2010, Bungie announced that it was entering into a 10-year publishing agreement with publisher Activision Blizzard. Under Bungie's agreement with Activision, new intellectual property developed by Bungie will be owned by Bungie, not Activision, in a deal similar to the Electronic Arts Partners Program.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: In 2013, Bungie announced "Destiny", which launched for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One platforms on September 9, 2014. During January 2016, Ryan stepped down as president and Pete Parsons, who had been the company's chief operating officer and executive producer since 2002, became its chief executive officer.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: Chinese video game conglomerate NetEase had invested $100 million into Bungie in 2018, in exchange for a minority stake in the company and a seat on the company's board of directors.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: Bungie announced a major expansion of its firm in February 2021. In addition to more than doubling its headquarters space in Bellevue, Washington, Bungie announced plans to open a new studio in Amsterdam by 2022. This would support additional staff not only for "Destiny" but additional media related to "Destiny" outside of video games, as well as a new intellectual property unrelated to "Destiny" that Bungie expects to release by 2025.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: Of the $3.6 billion, Sony anticipated that at least $1.2 billion will be used as incentives for retention of Bungie's current employees. In May, it was reported that the Federal Trade Commission is opening an inquiry into the acquisition, requesting more information about it week prior. It is expected to delay the acquisition by at least six months.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: Bungie.net serves as the main portal for interaction between company staff and the community surrounding Bungie's games. When Bungie was bought by Microsoft, the site was seen as in competition with Microsoft's own Xbox.com site, but community management eventually won out as the bigger concern. The site has been redesigned several times.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: While Bungie had long provided places for fans to congregate and talk about games, as well as releasing new information and screenshots over Bungie.net, it historically had made less effort and been less successful at providing access to the inside workings of Bungie and its staff. As part of a move to become more familiar with fans, Bungie recruited recognized and respected voices from the fan community, including writers Luke Smith, Eric Osborne, and others.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: Bungie also has an iOS and Google Play application that allows provides news, inventory management, and group finding for their game "Destiny" on the go.

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


Bungie

Context: This informal, creative culture was one of the reasons Microsoft was interested in acquiring Bungie, although game designer Jordan Weisman said that Microsoft came close to destroying the company's development culture, as it had with the now-defunct FASA Studio. Studio head Harold Ryan emphasized that even when Bungie was bought by Microsoft, the team was still independent:

Question: Minkä maalainen yhtiö Bungie Studios on?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard (May 28, 1818 – February 20, 1893) was a Confederate general officer of Louisiana Creole descent who started the American Civil War by leading the attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. Today, he is commonly referred to as P. G. T. Beauregard, but he rarely used his first name as an adult. He signed correspondence as G. T. Beauregard.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Beauregard held several key commands in the Western Theater, including control of armies at the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee, and the Siege of Corinth in northern Mississippi, both in 1862. He returned to Charleston and defended it in 1863 from repeated naval and land attacks by Union forces. He is most known for his defense of the industrial city of Petersburg, Virginia, from Union troops in June 1864, which delayed the eventual fall of the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia in April 1865.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: His influence over Confederate strategy was lessened by his poor professional relationships with President Jefferson Davis and other senior generals and officials. In April 1865, Beauregard and his commander, General Joseph E. Johnston, convinced Davis and the remaining cabinet members that the war needed to end. Johnston surrendered most of the remaining armies of the Confederacy, including Beauregard and his men, to Major General William Tecumseh Sherman.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: After his military career, Beauregard returned to Louisiana, where he advocated black civil rights including suffrage, served as a railroad executive, and became wealthy as a promoter of the Louisiana Lottery.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Employing the political influence of his brother-in-law, John Slidell, Beauregard obtained an appointment as superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy on January 23, 1861. His orders were revoked and he relinquished the office after only five days when Louisiana seceded from the Union. He protested to the War Department that they had cast "improper reflection upon [his] reputation or position in the Corps of Engineers" by forcing him out as a Southern officer before any hostilities began.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: "Because he was French and seemed different, he was the victim of all kind of rumors, most of them baseless. The charge of immorality was, of course, inevitable. Some soldiers believed that he was accompanied by a train of concubines and wagons loaded with cases of champagne. Even in Louisiana it was said, by non-Creoles, that he was unfaithful to his wife, infidelity being allegedly a Creole characteristic."

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: "[Beauregard's] military retinue was a wonderful collection in itself to inspire rumor. His staff glittered with former governors and senators serving as voluntary aides." Beauregard also kept the company of Frederick Maginnis, a slave he had rented from a South Carolinian woman. "Another eminent camp follower was a young Spaniard who served as Beauregard's barber and valet."

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Beauregard became the first Confederate general officer, appointed a brigadier general in the Provisional Army of the Confederate States on March 1, 1861. (On July 21, he was promoted to full general in the Confederate Army, one of only seven appointed to that rank; his date of rank made him the fifth most senior general, behind Samuel Cooper, Albert Sidney Johnston, Robert E. Lee, and Joseph E. Johnston.)

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Beauregard pursued a position in the Brazilian Army in 1865, but declined the Brazilians' offer. He claimed that the positive attitude of President Johnson toward the South swayed his decision. "I prefer to live here, poor and forgotten, than to be endowed with honor and riches in a foreign country." He also declined offers to take command of the armies of Romania and Egypt.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Ultimately, the militia protected some 800 strikebreakers in Terrebone Parish, and captured and arrested 50 wage strikers, mostly for union activities. The Knights of Labor strike collapsed there, and sugar workers returned to the plantations.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Beauregard died in his sleep in New Orleans. The cause of death was recorded as "heart disease, aortic insufficiency, and probably myocarditis." Edmund Kirby Smith, the last surviving full general of the Confederacy, served as the "chief mourner" as Beauregard was interred in the vault of the Army of Tennessee in historic Metairie Cemetery.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: In 1841, Beauregard married Marie Antoinette Laure Villeré (1823-1850), the daughter of a Louisiana sugarcane planter. The two had three children - Rene (1843-1910), Henri (1845-1915), and Laure (1850-1884). Marie died giving birth to her only daughter. In 1860, Beauregard married Caroline Deslonde (1831-1864), who died in New Orleans following a long illness.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: The soldiers who served under Beauregard respected him greatly; here is a quote where a Confederate soldier relates to his father the cheer Beauregard's men gave him after the defeat at the Battle of Shiloh:

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Republicans served mainly Northern interests such as industrialization, while Democrats served mainly Southern interests such as revitalizing the plantation economy. In the South, poor whites began to vote mostly for Democrats, and freed slaves began to vote mostly for Republicans. Voting and racial tensions were being inflamed in the South, causing public demonstrations, fighting, and riots between the groups. New Orleans was split between Democrats and Republicans.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Beauregard sought to end the bickering between the Democrats and the Republicans; he felt that by encouraging the cooperation of the races through voting, a better future could be created for the South. His pragmatic change of opinion was exemplified when he argued that emancipated blacks were native to the South, and that all they needed was education and property to take an active interest in Southern politics.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Beauregard continued voting Republican, but Radical Republicans maintained the heavy taxation of the South; he sought ways to change the economical situation of his state. In a public letter, he endorsed the 1872 Liberal Republican nominee Horace Greeley instead of the Radical Republican candidate Ulysses S. Grant. Beauregard "called for peace, reconciliation, a forgetting of old issues, and a union of conservative-minded people to remove corruption and extravagance from the government".

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: In 1872, Beauregard resumed an interest in politics. He was one of the guiding leaders to form the Reform Party of Louisiana, a Southern party made up of New Orleans businessmen, advocating an economical state government, and recognized black civil and political rights. The Reform Party demanded that the South acknowledge black political power. It attempted to replace the Democratic party and sought to end Radical Republican taxation.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Beauregard lived a paradoxical life; instead of what he seemed to be and the cause of the South for which he fought, unlike many ex-Confederates, he did not look back on "the planting South and the mellow glories of the ancient regime" but looked toward the future of the international house of Louisiana, to the industrial district of New Orleans, and a bustling delta of a better tomorrow.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Following Beauregard's death in 1893, Victor E. Rillieux, a Creole of color and poet who wrote poems for many famous contemporary civil rights activists, including Ida B. Wells, was moved by Beauregard's passing to create a poem titled "Dernier Tribut" ().

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Beauregard's residence at 1113 Chartres Street in New Orleans is now called the Beauregard-Keyes House, and is operated as a historic house museum. It was previously owned by American author Frances Parkinson Keyes, who wrote a fictional biography of Beauregard in which the house is an important setting.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: Beauregard Parish in western Louisiana is named for him, as is Camp Beauregard, a former U.S. Army base and National Guard camp near Pineville in central Louisiana. The unincorporated community of Beauregard, Alabama, is also named for him, as is Beauregard, Mississippi. Four camps are named after Beauregard in the Sons of Confederate Veterans.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


P. G. T. Beauregard

Context: An equestrian monument by Alexander Doyle in New Orleans depicted him. The monument was removed on May 17, 2017.

Question: Miksi P. G. T. Beauregardia nimitettiin Napoleoniksi?


ASIMO

Context: Honda began developing humanoid robots in the 1980s, including several prototypes that preceded ASIMO. It was the company's goal to create a walking robot. E0 was the first bipedal (two-legged) model produced as part of the Honda E series, which was an early experimental line of self-regulating, humanoid walking robot with wireless movements created between 1986 and 1993.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: This was followed by the Honda P series of robots produced from 1993 through 1997. The research made

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: In 2018, Honda ceased the commercial development of ASIMO, although it will continue to be developed as a research platform and make public appearances.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: Honda's work with ASIMO led to further research on walking assist devices that resulted in innovations such as the Stride Management Assist and the Bodyweight Support Assist.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: In honor of ASIMO's 10th anniversary in November 2010, Honda developed an application for the iPhone and Android smartphones called "Run with ASIMO." Users learn about the development of ASIMO by virtually walking the robot through the steps of a race and then sharing their lap times on Twitter and Facebook.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: The robot first visited the United Kingdom in January 2003 for private demonstrations at the Science Museum in London. ASIMO continued on a world tour, making stops in countries such as Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, South Africa and Australia. In October 2008, ASIMO greeted Prince Charles during a visit to the Miraikan Museum in Tokyo, where it performed a seven-minute step and dance routine.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: In a demonstration at Honda's Tokyo headquarters in 2007, the company demonstrated new intelligence technologies that enabled multiple ASIMO robots to work together. The demonstration showed the robot's ability to identify and avoid oncoming people, work with another ASIMO, recognize when to recharge its battery and perform new tasks, such as carrying a tray and pushing a cart.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: In 2008, ASIMO conducted the Detroit Symphony Orchestra in a performance of "The Impossible Dream" to bring attention to its partnership with the Orchestra and support the performing arts in Detroit. A 49-foot replica of ASIMO made with natural materials, such as lettuce seed, rice and carnations led the 120th Rose Parade in celebration of Honda's 50th year of operation in the USA. Later that year, the robot made an appearance in Italy at the Genoa Science Festival.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: ASIMO visited the Ontario Science Center in Toronto in May 2011 and demonstrated its abilities to Canadian students. The robot later traveled to Ottawa for the unveiling of an exhibit at the Canadian Museum of Civilization 19 May through 22 May 2011.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: ASIMO appeared as a guest on the British quiz show "QI" on 2 December 2011. After serving water to host Stephen Fry and dancing with comedian Jo Brand, ASIMO won with 32 points.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


ASIMO

Context: ASIMO was also the inspiration behind 2012's film "Robot & Frank", where a robot assists an aging man to commit his last job as a 'cat burglar'. The robot in the film, portrayed by an actor in costume, has the appearance of an ASIMO robot.

Question: Milloin ASIMO kehitettiin?


Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Context: Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (; –  CE) was paternal uncle and Sahabi (companion) of Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew. A wealthy merchant, during the early years of Islam he protected Muhammad while he was in Mecca, but only became a convert after the Battle of Badr in 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded the Abbasid dynasty in 750.

Question: Milloin Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalibin kuoli?


Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Context: Abbas, born c. 565 CE, was one of the younger sons of Abd al-Muttalib. His mother was Nutayla bint Janab of the Namir tribe. After his father's death, he took over the Zamzam Well and the distribution of water to the pilgrims. He became a spice-merchant in Mecca, a trade that made him wealthy.

Question: Milloin Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalibin kuoli?


Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Context: During the years when the Muslim religion was gaining adherents (610–622), Abbas provided protection to his kinsman but did not adopt the faith. He acted as a spokesman at the Second Pledge of Aqaba, but he was not among those who emigrated to Medina.

Question: Milloin Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalibin kuoli?


Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Context: Having fought on the side of the polytheists, Abbas was captured during the Battle of Badr. Muhammad allowed al-Abbas to ransom himself and his nephew.

Question: Milloin Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalibin kuoli?


Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Context: Ibn Hisham said that Abbas had become a secret Muslim before the Battle of Badr; but a clear statement to that effect is missing from Tabari's citation of the same source. It is said by some authorities that he converted to Islam shortly after the Battle of Badr.

Question: Milloin Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalibin kuoli?


Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Context: It is elsewhere implied that Abbas did not formally profess Islam until January 630, just before the fall of Mecca, twenty years after his wife Lubaba converted. Muhammad then named him "last of the migrants" (Muhajirun), which entitled him to the proceeds of the spoils of war. He was given the right to provide Zamzam water to pilgrims, a right which was passed down to his descendants.

Question: Milloin Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalibin kuoli?


Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Context: Abbas immediately joined Muhammad's army, participating in the Conquest of Mecca, the Battle of Hunayn and the Siege of Ta'if. He defended Muhammad at Hunayn when other warriors deserted him. After these military exploits, Abbas brought his family to live in Medina, where Muhammad frequently visited them and even proposed marriage to his daughter.

Question: Milloin Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalibin kuoli?


Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Context: The Abbasid dynasty founded in 750 by Abu al-ʻAbbās ʻAbdallāh as-Saffāh better known as "As-Saffah" claimed the title of caliph (literally "successor") through their descent from Abbas's son Abdallah.

Question: Milloin Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalibin kuoli?


Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

Context: Many other families claimed direct descent from Abbas, including the Kalhoras of Sindh, the Berber Banu Abbas, and the modern-day Bawazir of Yemen and Shaigiya and Ja'Alin of Sudan.

Question: Milloin Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalibin kuoli?


Unintended consequences

Context: In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences) are outcomes of a purposeful action that are not intended or foreseen. The term was popularised in the twentieth century by American sociologist Robert K. Merton and expanded by economist Thomas Sowell and psychologist Stuart Vyse.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: The idea of "unintended consequences" dates back at least to John Locke who discussed the unintended consequences of interest rate regulation in his letter to Sir John Somers, Member of Parliament.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: The idea was also discussed by Adam Smith, the Scottish Enlightenment, and consequentialism (judging by results).

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: Friedrich Engels touched on the idea of unintended consequences in his discussion of Ludwig Feuerbach: "The ends of the actions are intended, but the results which actually follow from these actions are not intended; or when they do seem to correspond to the end intended, they ultimately have consequences quite other than those intended."

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: More recently, the "law of unintended consequences" has come to be used as an adage or idiomatic warning that an intervention in a complex system tends to create unanticipated and often undesirable outcomes.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: Akin to Murphy's law, it is commonly used as a wry or humorous warning against the hubristic belief that humans can fully control the world around them, not to presuppose a belief in predestination or a lack or a disbelief in that of free will.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: In addition to Merton's causes, psychologist Stuart Vyse has noted that groupthink, described by Irving Janis, has been blamed for some decisions that result in unintended consequences.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: The creation of "no-man's lands" during the Cold War, in places such as the border between Eastern and Western Europe, and the Korean Demilitarized Zone, has led to large natural habitats.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: The sinking of ships in shallow waters during wartime has created many artificial coral reefs, which can be scientifically valuable and have become an attraction for recreational divers. Retired ships have been purposely sunk in recent years, in an effort to replace coral reefs lost to global warming and other factors.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: The implementation of a profanity filter by AOL in 1996 had the unintended consequence of blocking residents of Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, England, from creating accounts because of a false positive. The accidental censorship of innocent language, known as the Scunthorpe problem, has been repeated and widely documented.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: In CIA jargon, "blowback" describes the unintended, undesirable consequences of covert operations, such as the funding of the Afghan Mujahideen and the destabilization of Afghanistan contributing to the rise of the Taliban and Al-Qaeda.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: The introduction of exotic animals and plants for food, for decorative purposes, or to control unwanted species often leads to more harm than good done by the introduced species.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: The protection of the steel industry in the United States reduced production of steel in the United States, increased costs to users, and increased unemployment in associated industries.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: Passenger-side airbags in motorcars were intended as a safety feature, but led to an increase in child fatalities in the mid-1990s because small children were being hit by airbags that deployed automatically during collisions. The supposed solution to this problem, moving the child seat to the back of the vehicle, led to an increase in the number of children forgotten in unattended vehicles, some of whom died under extreme temperature conditions.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: Risk compensation, or the Peltzman effect, occurs after implementation of safety measures intended to reduce injury or death (e.g. bike helmets, seatbelts, etc.). People may feel safer than they really are and take additional risks which they would not have taken without the safety measures in place. This may result in no change, or even an increase, in morbidity or mortality, rather than a decrease as intended.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: Theobald Mathew's temperance campaign in 19th-century Ireland resulted in thousands of people vowing never to drink alcohol again. This led to the consumption of diethyl ether, a much more dangerous intoxicant—owing to its high flammability—by those seeking to become intoxicated without breaking the letter of their pledge.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: It was thought that adding south-facing conservatories to British houses would reduce energy consumption by providing extra insulation and warmth from the sun. However, people tended to use the conservatories as living areas, installing heating and ultimately increasing overall energy consumption.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: A reward for lost nets found along the Normandy coast was offered by the French government between 1980 and 1981. This resulted in people vandalizing nets to collect the reward.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1960s, the Canadian federal government gave the Catholic Church in Quebec $2.25 per day per psychiatric patient for their cost of care, but only $0.75 a day per orphan. The perverse result is that the orphan children were diagnosed as mentally ill so the church could receive the larger amount of money. This psychiatric misdiagnosis affected up to 20,000 people, and the children are known as the Duplessis Orphans.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: There have been attempts to curb the consumption of sugary beverages by imposing a tax on them. However, a study found that the reduced consumption was only temporary. Also, there was an increase in the consumption of beer among households.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: Drug prohibition can lead drug traffickers to prefer stronger, more dangerous substances, that can be more easily smuggled and distributed than other, less concentrated substances.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?


Unintended consequences

Context: Increasing usage of search engines, also including recent image search features, has contributed in the ease of which media is consumed. Some abnormalities in usage may have shifted preferences for pornographic film actors, as the producers began using common search queries or tags to label the actors in new roles.

Question: Miten tahattomien seurausten laki määritellään?