Lead

Context: Inhalation is the second major exposure pathway, affecting smokers and especially workers in lead-related occupations. Cigarette smoke contains, among other toxic substances, radioactive lead-210.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Skin exposure may be significant for people working with organic lead compounds. The rate of skin absorption is lower for inorganic lead.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: According to the United States Center for Disease Control, "the use of lead in plastics has not been banned. Lead softens the plastic and makes it more flexible so that it can go back to its original shape. It may also be used in plastic toys to stabilize molecules from heat. Lead dust can be formed when plastic is exposed to sunlight, air, and detergents that break down the chemical bond between the lead and plastics.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Treatment for lead poisoning normally involves the administration of dimercaprol and succimer. Acute cases may require the use of disodium calcium edetate, the calcium chelate, and the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It has a greater affinity for lead than calcium, with the result that lead chelate is formed by exchange and excreted in the urine, leaving behind harmless calcium.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: The extraction, production, use, and disposal of lead and its products have caused significant contamination of the Earth's soils and waters. Atmospheric emissions of lead were at their peak during the Industrial Revolution, and the leaded gasoline period in the second half of the twentieth century.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Anthropogenic lead includes lead from shot and sinkers. These are among the most potent sources of lead contamination along with lead production sites. Lead was banned for shot and sinkers in the United States in 2017, although that ban was only effective for a month, and a similar ban is being considered in the European Union.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Analytical methods for the determination of lead in the environment include spectrophotometry, X-ray fluorescence, atomic spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. A specific ion-selective electrode has been developed based on the ionophore S,S'-methylenebis (N,N-diisobutyldithiocarbamate). An important biomarker assay for lead poisoning is δ-aminolevulinic acid levels in plasma, serum, and urine.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Science fiction is an important genre of modern Japanese literature that has strongly influenced aspects of contemporary Japanese pop culture, including anime, manga, video games, tokusatsu, and cinema.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Science fiction in the standard modern sense began with the Meiji Restoration and the importation of Western ideas. The first science fiction of any influence to be translated into Japanese were the novels of Jules Verne. The translation of "Around the World in Eighty Days" was published in 1878-1880, followed by his other works with immense popularity. The word was coined as a translation of "scientific novel" as early as 1886.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Shunrō Oshikawa is generally considered as the ancestor of Japanese science fiction. His debut work "Kaitei Gunkan" ("Undersea warship"), published in 1900, described submarines and predicted a coming Russo-Japanese war.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: During the period between the world wars, Japanese science fiction was more influenced by American science fiction. A popular writer of the era was Jūza Unno, sometimes called "the father of Japanese science fiction." The literary standards of this era, and the previous, tended to be low. Prior to World War II, Japanese rarely if ever saw science fiction as worthwhile literature. Instead, it was considered a form of trivial literature for children.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: A character considered to be the first full-fledged superhero is the Japanese Kamishibai character Ōgon Bat, who debuted in 1930, eight years before Superman. Another similar Japanese Kamishibai superhero was , who debuted in the early 1930s, also years before Superman.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Manga artist Osamu Tezuka, who debuted in 1946, was a major influence on the later science fiction authors. "Lost World" (1948), "Metropolis" (1949), and "Nextworld" (1951) are known as Tezuka's early SF trilogy.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Avant-garde author Kōbō Abe wrote works that are within science fiction genre, and he later had close relationship with SF authors. His "Inter Ice Age 4" (1958-1959) is considered the first Japanese full-length science fiction novel.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: The era of modern Japanese science fiction began with the influence of paperbacks that the US occupation army brought to Japan after World War II. The first science fiction magazine in Japan, , was created in 1954 but was discontinued after only one issue. Several short-lived magazines followed "Seiun" in the Japanese market, but none experienced great success.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Science fiction in Japan gained popularity in the early 1960s. Both the (since 1959) and the science fiction coterie magazine "Uchūjin" (1957–2013) began publication in this decade. The first Japan SF Convention was held in 1962. A writers' association, Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of Japan (SFWJ) was formed in 1963 with eleven members.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: The contributions of excellent translators such as Tetsu Yano, Masahiro Noda, Hisashi Asakura and Norio Ito introduced English science fiction to readers in Japan, and greatly influenced public opinion of science fiction. "SF Magazine"'s first editor, Masami Fukushima was also an excellent novelist and translator.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: In visual media genre, film studio Toho spawned the Kaiju film genre in 1954 with "Godzilla". Eiji Tsuburaya who directed the special effects for Toho's film formed his own studio and created "Ultraman" in 1966. Tezuka's manga "Astro Boy" (1952-1968) became the first Japanese TV animation series in 1963.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Public interest in science fiction had risen notably in Japan by Expo '70. Komatsu's "Nihon Chinbotsu" (aka "Japan Sinks", 1973) was a best-seller. "Uchū Senkan Yamato" (aka Space Battleship Yamato), a work of anime placed in a science fiction setting, was aired, and "Star Wars" was screened in Japan in the late 1970s. The change in the nature of the science fiction genre in Japan that resulted from these events is often called "Infiltration and Diffusion" (浸透と拡散 "Shintō to Kakusan").

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Wintery Age" (冬の時代 "Fuyu no Jidai"). In the mainstream of science fiction, Yoshiki Tanaka published "Ginga Eiyu Densetsu" (a.k.a. Legend of the Galactic Heroes) series.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: The boundary between science fiction novels and light novels was blurred in the 1990s. Although Hiroyuki Morioka's "Seikai no Monshou" series is considered to be in the vein of the light novel, the series was published by Hayakawa Shobo as part of the mainstream science fiction world. On the other hand, light novel writers like Sasamoto and Nojiri have also published hard SF novels.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: As a continuation of infiltration and diffusion of science fiction into mainstream literature, Kenzaburō Ōe, who later received Nobel Prize in Literature, wrote two science fiction novels in 1990-1991. Haruki Murakami received World Fantasy Award for "Kafka on the Shore" in 2006, and his 2009 novel "1Q84" was a bestseller.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Meanwhile, in visual fields, the new Gamera series (, , ) directed by Shusuke Kaneko with visual effects by Shinji Higuchi, renewed the kaiju genre film. An anime television series "Neon Genesis Evangelion" (1995-1996), directed by Hideaki Anno, got phenomenal popularity.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Among the finalists for the Komatsu Sakyō Award and debuting from "J Collection", Project Itoh left a strong impression in his short career before dying of cancer in 2009. Toh Enjoe, crossing into mainstream literature, was nominated for the Akutagawa Prize, and eventually won it in 2012. , who was a jury's special citation for the Sogen SF Short Story Prize in 2010, was nominated for the Naoki Award and won the Nihon SF Taisho in 2012 for his debut collection, .

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Other authors from the Sogen SF Short Story Prize include the 2010 runner-up Haneko Takayama and the 2011 winner Dempow Torishima.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: 65th World Science Fiction Convention was jointly held with the 46th Nihon SF Taikai in Yokohama, Japan, in 2007.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Taiyo Fujii, who debuted by self-published e-book in 2012, quickly stood out in the field, and he served as the chairperson of SFWJ in 2015–2018.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: During 2010s, translator and reviewer Nozomi Ohmori continued to work actively. He edited an original anthology series "NOVA" (first series 2009–2013, second series since 2019). Ohmori and Hiroki Azuma began the Genron Ohmori Science Fiction Writers' Workshop (since 2016).

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: User-generated web novel platforms like Shōsetsuka ni Narō or gained popularity during the decade, mostly in light novel genre.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: In visual media, "Your Name" (2016) and "Weathering with You" (2019), written and directed by Makoto Shinkai, were the top grossing films of the respective years. "Shin Godzilla" (2016), directed by Hideaki Anno with visual effects by Shinji Higuchi, was a major hit.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: "Tokusatsu" (Japanese: 特撮, "special filming") is a Japanese term for live action film or television drama that makes heavy use of special effects. "Tokusatsu" entertainment often deals with science fiction.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: refers to science fiction genres that center on giant robots or machines (mechs) controlled by people. In Japan, mecha anime (also called "robot anime" in Japan) is one of the oldest genres in anime.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Some mecha anime (like the popular 1995 anime "Neon Genesis Evangelion") are a cross of sub-genres in between the super robot sub-genre and the real robot sub-genre. It falls under the sub-genre of super real robot, where super robots are used by a military faction for some hidden agenda.

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


Japanese science fiction

Context: Examples of Japanese dieselpunk include Hayao Miyazaki's manga "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind" (1982) and its 1984 anime film adaptation, the anime film "" (1986) by Miyazaki and Studio Ghibli, and Squaresoft's Japanese role-playing game "Final Fantasy VII" (1997).

Question: 日本初のSFドラマは何？


List of French monarchs

Context: The monarchs of the Kingdom of France ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of the West Franks in 843 until the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Between the period from Charles the Bald in 843 to Louis XVI in 1792, France had 45 kings. Adding the 3 kings and 2 emperors after the French Revolution, this comes to a total of 50 monarchs of France spread over 1027 years.

Question: フランス最初の国王は誰？


List of French monarchs

Context: From the 14th century down to 1801, the English (and later British) monarch claimed the throne of France, though such claim was purely nominal excepting a short period during the Hundred Years' War when Henry VI of England had control over most of Northern France, including Paris. By 1453, the English had been mostly expelled from France and Henry's claim has since been considered illegitimate; French historiography commonly does not recognize Henry among the kings of France.

Question: フランス最初の国王は誰？


List of French monarchs

Context: In addition to the Kingdom of France, there were also two French Empires, the first from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815, founded and ruled by Napoleon I, and the second from 1852 to 1870, founded and ruled by his nephew Napoleon III (also known as Louis-Napoleon). They used the title "Emperor of the French" ("Empereur des Français").

Question: フランス最初の国王は誰？


List of French monarchs

Context: The French Second Republic lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was declared Emperor of the French under the regnal name of Napoleon III. He would later be overthrown during the events of the Franco-Prussian War, becoming the last monarch to rule France.

Question: フランス最初の国王は誰？


List of French monarchs

Context: Various pretenders descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the president of France and of one another. These groups are:

Question: フランス最初の国王は誰？


An Lushan

Context: An Lushan or An Lu-shan (; 20th day of the 1st month 19 February 703 – 29 January 757) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: In 755, An Lushan, following 8 or 9 years of preparation, instigated the An Lushan Rebellion, proclaiming himself the ruler of a new dynasty, Yan.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: Sources conflict about An Lushan's biological father's origin and surname; for example, as to whether An Lushan's father had the surname Kang or not: he took the name of An from his stepfather An Yanyan. The surnames Kang and An suggest that they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand (康國; cf. Kangju) and Bukhara (). The An are not to be confused with Anxi, which had been established as a prefecture by the Chinese in 661.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: In 744, with further praises from the powerful chancellor Li Linfu and Pei Kuan, An was, in addition to Pinglu, made the military governor of Fanyang Circuit (范陽, headquartered in modern Beijing). Wanting to show his military abilities, he often pillaged the Khitan and the Xi. His actions led to two princesses of the royal clan, who were married to Khitan and Xi leaders as part of the heqin policy, being executed in retaliation, and both groups rebelled in 745, though An defeated them.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: In 748, Emperor Xuanzong awarded An Lushan an iron certificate promising that he would not be executed, except for treason, and in 750, he created An Prince of Dongping, setting a precedent for generals not of the imperial Li clan to be created princes.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 13–36 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and after the rebellion) to a breakdown in Tang taxation and census gathering.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: In the spring of 755, matters were coming to a head. An Lushan submitted a petition to Emperor Xuanzong to replace 32 Han generals under his command with non-Han generals. Xuanzong accepted An's request despite opposition from chancellors Yang Guozhong and Wei Jiansu, who took An's request as a sign of impending rebellion. Yang and Wei then suggested that An be promoted chancellor, and that his three commands be divided between his three deputies.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: Once he had assumed the imperial title, An Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace. His generals rarely saw him, and most important matters were handled through Yan Zhuang (嚴莊).

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: was extremely obese. His sheer weight once crushed to death a horse and he needed three servants to help him to put on and take off his clothes when he visited Huaqing Pool.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). But in his sickness and blindness An became ill-tempered and paranoid, and would flog or even murder his servants if they had caused him any displeasure. Even Yan Zhuang and Li Zhu'er were said to be hit frequently.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: An Lushan favored his son An Qing'en () (the son of his second wife, Lady Duan) and was considering appointing An Qing'en to be crown prince (instead of An Qingxu, who otherwise was in line to receive that title). Knowing that he was out of favor, and fearing that An Lushan was planning to kill him, An Qingxu, along with He, Yan, and Li Zhu'er, decided to assassinate An Lushan.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: On the night of 29 January 757, with Yan and An Qingxu watching outside, Li Zhu'er took a sword into the palace and attacked An Lushan. An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. Li Zhu'er attacked his stomach and abdomen. As his intestines were coming out of his body, An screamed "this is a thief of my own household" and died.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died.

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


An Lushan

Context: Two years later, in 759, after Shi Siming killed An Qingxu and assumed the imperial title, Shi Siming buried An Lushan with the ceremony due an imperial prince, not an emperor, and gave him the rather unflattering posthumous name of La (剌, meaning "unthinking").

Question: 安慶緒はどうやって安禄山を殺害した？


The Force

Context: Lucas and screenwriter Leigh Brackett decided that the Force and the Emperor would be the main concerns in "The Empire Strikes Back" (1980). The focus on the Emperor was later shifted to "Return of the Jedi" (1983), and the dark side of the Force was treated as "The Empire Strikes Back"s main villain.

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


The Force

Context: In a rough draft of "" (2005), Palpatine says he "used the power of the Force to will the midichlorians to start the cell divisions that created" Anakin Skywalker. This line was removed as the script progressed.

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


The Force

Context: "Star Wars Rebels" producer Dave Filoni cites several influences on how the Force is used in the show. The character Bendu—named in homage to the term Lucas originally associated with the Jedi—does not align with the franchise's normal dark-or-light duality, and this role is an extension of Filoni's conversations with Lucas about the nature of the Force. Filoni credits the prequel films for better developing the concept of the Force, particularly the idea of a balance between the light and dark sides.

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


The Force

Context: At one point, Francis Ford Coppola suggested to George Lucas that they use their combined fortunes to start a religion based on the Force. Practitioners of Jediism pray to and express gratitude to the Force.

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


The Force

Context: "National Geographic" compared the Higgs boson's role as "carrier" of the Higgs field to the way Jedi are "carriers" of the Force. A previsualization video highlighting the idea of "kicking someone's ass with the Force" steered LucasArts game designers toward producing "" (2008), which sold six million copies as of July 2009. In 2009, Uncle Milton Industries released a toy, called the Force Trainer, which uses EEG to read users' beta waves to lift a training droid-themed ball with a shaft of air.

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


The Force

Context: "The New Republic", Townhall, "The Atlantic", and others have compared various political machinations to the "Jedi mind trick", a Force power used to undermine opponents' perceptions and willpower.

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


The Force

Context: Critic Tim Robley compared the Force to the ruby slippers from "The Wizard of Oz" (1939), with both being entities that send the protagonist on a quest. In her 1980 "Washington Post" review of "The Empire Strikes Back", Judith Martin described the Force as "a mishmash of current cultic fashions without any base in ideas. It doesn't seem to be connected with ethics or a code of decent behavior, either." John Simon wrote in his 1977 review of "Star Wars" for "New York" magazine:

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


The Force

Context: Characters' faith in the Force reinforces "Rogue One"s message of hope. "The A.V. Club" said Rian Johnson's depiction of the Force in "The Last Jedi" goes "beyond George Lucas’ original transcendental concept". "Polygon" said Johnson's film "democratize[s] the Force", depicting Force sensitivity in characters from outside a "Force-sensitive lineage" and suggesting that the Force can be used by anyone.

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


The Force

Context: Several "Star Wars" characters say "May the Force be with you" (or derivatives of it) and the expression has become a popular catchphrase. In 2005, "May the Force be with you" was chosen as number 8 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes list. May 4 is "Star Wars" Day, taken from the pun "May the Fourth be with you". The expression was intentionally similar to the Christian "dominus vobiscum", "the Lord be with you".

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


The Force

Context: President Ronald Reagan in 1985 said "the Force is with us", referring to the United States, to create the Strategic Defense Initiative (itself often nicknamed "Star Wars") to protect against Soviet ballistic missiles. Some weeks earlier, Reagan had compared the Soviet Union to the Galactic Empire. "The Gospel According to Star Wars" says that Reagan's invocation of the Force was actually perverting "Star Wars" "self-dispossessing" (or other-focused) ethos:

Question: アメリカ映画『スター・ウォーズ』のフォースの力を得るためには、どのようなことをしなければなりませんか？


Ace Combat

Context: is an arcade-style combat flight simulation video game franchise published by Bandai Namco Entertainment, formerly Namco. Debuting in 1995 with "Air Combat" for the PlayStation, the series includes eight mainline installments, multiple spin-offs, and other forms of media, such as novels, model kits, and soundtrack albums. Since 2012, the series has been developed primarily by Bandai Namco Studios through its internal development group, Project Aces.

Question: 『エースコンバットX スカイズ・オブ・デセプション』で戦闘機は出てくる？


Ace Combat

Context: The franchise emphasizes fast-paced action and dramatic plots with semi-realistic gameplay; for example, fighter aircraft have pitch, yaw, and roll control and can stall, but are also able to carry dozens of missiles in hammerspace. As of 2021, the "Ace Combat" franchise has shipped over 17 million copies worldwide, and has established itself as one of the longest running arcade flight action franchises.

Question: 『エースコンバットX スカイズ・オブ・デセプション』で戦闘機は出てくる？


Ace Combat

Context: "Ace Combat: Joint Assault", "Assault Horizon", and "Infinity" take place on the real-life Earth. While "Joint Assault" and "Assault Horizon" were more realistic in terms of their setting, "Infinity" utilized many elements from the Strangereal series, featuring iconic plot elements from the prior games set in "Strangereal".

Question: 『エースコンバットX スカイズ・オブ・デセプション』で戦闘機は出てくる？


Ace Combat

Context: Some Ace Combat games have differences in their title, depending upon which region (NTSC or PAL) the game was sold at:

Question: 『エースコンバットX スカイズ・オブ・デセプション』で戦闘機は出てくる？


Ace Combat

Context: With the release of "Assault Horizon" in 2011, Project Aces created "Aces at War: A History", a special artbook detailing the content from "Ace Combat 04", "5", and "Zero" from an in-universe perspective, as well as production commentary. This was packaged with the special editions of "Assault Horizon" released in Japan. "Aces at War: A History" would later be updated and rereleased as part of a special edition of "Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown".

Question: 『エースコンバットX スカイズ・オブ・デセプション』で戦闘機は出てくる？


Ace Combat

Context: In March 2012, ASCII Media Works released "Ace Combat: Ikaros in the Sky". A tie-in novel for "Assault Horizon", "Ikaros" tells a story of series character Kei Nagase as she participates in the JASDF's ASF-X Shinden II fighter program.

Question: 『エースコンバットX スカイズ・オブ・デセプション』で戦闘機は出てくる？


Ace Combat

Context: "Ace Combat" has been a consistent commercial success, with most mainline installments reaching over one million units shipped. ' is the most successful title with over 3 million copies shipped by 2021, followed by ' and "Air Combat". The games have sold well predominantly in North America and Japan, where over 75% of all revenue was generated from the series by 2008. In total, the "Ace Combat" franchise has shipped over copies.

Question: 『エースコンバットX スカイズ・オブ・デセプション』で戦闘機は出てくる？


Category theory

Context: From the axioms, it can be proved that there is exactly one identity morphism for every object. Some authors deviate from the definition just given by identifying each object with its identity morphism.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Relations among morphisms (such as ) are often depicted using commutative diagrams, with "points" (corners) representing objects and "arrows" representing morphisms.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Every retraction is an epimorphism, and every section is a monomorphism. Furthermore, the following three statements are equivalent:

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Functors are structure-preserving maps between categories. They can be thought of as morphisms in the category of all (small) categories.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: A contravariant functor is like a covariant functor, except that it "turns morphisms around" ("reverses all the arrows"). More specifically, every morphism in "C" must be assigned to a morphism in "D". In other words, a contravariant functor acts as a covariant functor from the opposite category "C"op to "D".

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: A "natural transformation" is a relation between two functors. Functors often describe "natural constructions" and natural transformations then describe "natural homomorphisms" between two such constructions. Sometimes two quite different constructions yield "the same" result; this is expressed by a natural isomorphism between the two functors.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: If "F" and "G" are (covariant) functors between the categories "C" and "D", then a natural transformation η from "F" to "G" associates to every object "X" in "C" a morphism in "D" such that for every morphism in "C", we have ; this means that the following diagram is commutative:

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: The two functors "F" and "G" are called "naturally isomorphic" if there exists a natural transformation from "F" to "G" such that η"X" is an isomorphism for every object "X" in "C".

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Using the language of category theory, many areas of mathematical study can be categorized. Categories include sets, groups and topologies.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Numerous important constructions can be described in a purely categorical way if the "category limit" can be developed and dualized to yield the notion of a "colimit".

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: It is a natural question to ask: under which conditions can two categories be considered "essentially the same", in the sense that theorems about one category can readily be transformed into theorems about the other category? The major tool one employs to describe such a situation is called "equivalence of categories", which is given by appropriate functors between two categories. Categorical equivalence has found numerous applications in mathematics.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: The definitions of categories and functors provide only the very basics of categorical algebra; additional important topics are listed below. Although there are strong interrelations between all of these topics, the given order can be considered as a guideline for further reading.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Many of the above concepts, especially equivalence of categories, adjoint functor pairs, and functor categories, can be situated into the context of "higher-dimensional categories". Briefly, if we consider a morphism between two objects as a "process taking us from one object to another", then higher-dimensional categories allow us to profitably generalize this by considering "higher-dimensional processes".

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: This process can be extended for all natural numbers "n", and these are called "n"-categories. There is even a notion of "ω-category" corresponding to the ordinal number ω.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Higher-dimensional categories are part of the broader mathematical field of higher-dimensional algebra, a concept introduced by Ronald Brown. For a conversational introduction to these ideas, see John Baez, 'A Tale of "n"-categories' (1996).

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Certain categories called topoi (singular "topos") can even serve as an alternative to axiomatic set theory as a foundation of mathematics. A topos can also be considered as a specific type of category with two additional topos axioms. These foundational applications of category theory have been worked out in fair detail as a basis for, and justification of, constructive mathematics. Topos theory is a form of abstract sheaf theory, with geometric origins, and leads to ideas such as pointless topology.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Categorical logic is now a well-defined field based on type theory for intuitionistic logics, with applications in functional programming and domain theory, where a cartesian closed category is taken as a non-syntactic description of a lambda calculus. At the very least, category theoretic language clarifies what exactly these related areas have in common (in some abstract sense).

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: Category theory has been applied in other fields as well. For example, John Baez has shown a link between Feynman diagrams in physics and monoidal categories. Another application of category theory, more specifically: topos theory, has been made in mathematical music theory, see for example the book "The Topos of Music, Geometric Logic of Concepts, Theory, and Performance" by Guerino Mazzola.

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Category theory

Context: More recent efforts to introduce undergraduates to categories as a foundation for mathematics include those of William Lawvere and Rosebrugh (2003) and Lawvere and Stephen Schanuel (1997) and Mirroslav Yotov (2012).

Question: 圏論を初めて研究したのは誰？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: A new direct entrance from 33rd Street to the LIRR concourse opened in December 2020. Moynihan Train Hall, an expansion of Penn Station into a mixed-use redevelopment of the adjacent Farley Post Office building, opened in January 2021.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Plans call for further expanding the LIRR concourse, adding railway platforms in a new southern annex to accommodate two proposed Gateway Program tunnels under the Hudson River, and renovating the core Penn Station under Madison Square Garden.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Until the early 20th century, the PRR's rail network terminated on the western side of the Hudson River (once known locally as the North River) at Exchange Place in Jersey City, New Jersey. Manhattan-bound passengers boarded ferries to cross the Hudson River for the final stretch of their journey.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: The rival New York Central Railroad's line ran down Manhattan from the north under Park Avenue and terminated at Grand Central Depot (later replaced by Grand Central Terminal) at 42nd Street. Many proposals for a cross-Hudson connection were advanced in the late 19th century, but financial panics in the 1870s and 1890s scared off potential investors. In any event, none of the proposals advanced during this time were considered feasible.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Beginning in June 1903, the two single-track North River Tunnels were bored from the west under the Hudson River. A second set of four single-track tunnels, the East River Tunnels, were bored from the east under the East River, linking the new station to Queens, the PRR-owned Long Island Rail Road, and Sunnyside Yard in Queens, where trains would be maintained and assembled. Construction was completed on the Hudson River tunnels on October 9, 1906, and on the East River tunnels on March 18, 1908.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: A small portion of Penn Station opened on September 8, 1910, in conjunction with the opening of the East River Tunnels, and LIRR riders gained direct railroad service to Manhattan. On November 27, 1910, Penn Station was fully opened to the public. With the station's full opening, the PRR became the only railroad to enter New York City from the south.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: The station put the Pennsylvania Railroad at comparative advantage to its competitors offering direct service from Manhattan to the west and south. Other railroads began their routes at terminals in Weehawken, Hoboken, Pavonia and Communipaw which required passengers from New York City to take the interstate Hudson Tubes (now PATH) or ferries across the Hudson River before boarding their trains. By 1945, at its peak, more than 100 million passengers a year traveled through Penn Station.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Plans for the new Penn Plaza and Madison Square Garden were announced in 1962. In exchange for the air rights to Penn Station, the PRR would receive a smaller underground station at no cost and a 25 percent stake in the new Madison Square Garden Complex. Modern architects rushed to save the ornate building, but to no avail; demolition of the above-ground head house began in October 1963.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: A giant steel deck was placed over the tracks and platforms to allow rail service to continue during construction. Photographs of the day showed passengers waiting for trains even as the head house was demolished around them. This was possible because most of the rail infrastructure (including the waiting room, concourses, and boarding platforms) was below street level.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Post-1968, the core Penn Station has been underground, sitting below Madison Square Garden, 33rd Street, and Two Penn Plaza. The core has three levels: concourses on the upper two levels and train platforms on the lowest. The two levels of concourses, while renovated and expanded during the construction of Madison Square Garden, are original to the 1910 station, as are the tracks and platforms.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: In 1994, the station was renovated to add the 34th Street LIRR entrance and central corridor, along with artwork and improved waiting and concession areas. In 2002, the NJ Transit concourse was created in space previously occupied by retail and Amtrak office space, and a new entrance to this concourse was added at 31st Street in 2009.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: The station received a place in the world selection for the 2021 Prix Versailles in the passenger stations category.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: The station is served by 1,300 arrivals and departures per day, twice the number during the 1970s. There are more than 600,000 commuter rail and Amtrak passengers who use the station on an average weekday, or up to 1,000 every ninety seconds. It is the busiest passenger transportation facility in the United States and in North America.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: All except the "Acela Express," "Northeast Regional" and "Vermonter" originate and terminate at Penn Station.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Despite its status as Amtrak's busiest station, Amtrak's Superliner railcars cannot use Penn Station due to incompatible platform heights and inadequate clearances in the North River and East River Tunnels.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Amtrak normally uses tracks 5–12 alongside New Jersey Transit and shares tracks 13–16 with the LIRR and NJ Transit.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: All branches connect at Jamaica station except the Port Washington Branch. Jamaica station also connects to Airtrain JFK for service to John F. Kennedy International Airport.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Normally, the LIRR uses tracks 17 to 21 exclusively and shares tracks 13 to 16 with Amtrak and NJT. The LIRR uses tracks 11 and 12 on rare occasions.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: NJT normally uses tracks 1 to 4 exclusively, as these four tracks end at bumper blocks to their east. NJT shares tracks 5 through 12 with Amtrak, and occasionally uses tracks 13 to 16, which are shared with Amtrak and the LIRR.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Connections are also available to the PATH system at 33rd Street station, under Sixth Avenue on Herald Square. The JSQ-33 and HOB-33 services terminate at 33rd Street on weekdays, and are combined into the JSQ-33 (via HOB) service on late nights, weekends and holidays.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: NYC Airporter provides bus transportation to and from John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, and is authorized by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the New York City Department of Transportation.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Most intercity and commuter bus services to and from midtown Manhattan use the nearby Port Authority Bus Terminal, located approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 kilometers) to the north of Penn Station.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Penn Station includes a United Airlines ticketing office, located at the ticket lobby. This was previously a Continental Airlines ticketing office.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Penn Station does not have a unified design or floor plan but rather is divided into separate Amtrak, LIRR and NJ Transit concourses with each concourse maintained and styled differently by its respective operator. The Amtrak and NJ Transit concourses are located on the first level below the street level while the Long Island Rail Road concourse is two levels below street level.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: The main concourse, which was principally used by Amtrak until the opening of the Moynihan Train Hall, is at the west end of the station directly beneath Madison Square Garden. It was created out of the original station's waiting rooms and main concourse, though few remnants of the original still exist in the space. It was renovated in the early 2000s in anticipation of "Acela" service and includes an enclosed waiting area for ticketed passengers with seats, outlets and WiFi.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: The LIRR's connecting concourse runs below West 33rd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues, as it has since the original station opened in 1910. Significant renovations were made to the LIRR areas over a three-year period ending in 1994, including the opening of the Central Corridor passageway and the addition of a new entry pavilion on 34th Street. The West End Concourse, west of Eighth Avenue, opened in 1986, and was widened and lengthened to cover tracks 5 through 21 in 2017.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: The NJ Transit concourse near Seventh Avenue opened in 2002 out of existing retail and Amtrak office space. A new street-level entrance to this concourse at the corner of 31st Street and Seventh Avenue opened in September 2009. Previously, NJ Transit used space in the Amtrak concourse.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: The station is so complex that in December 2017, Amtrak and Zyter released a mobile app called FindYourWay to help commuters navigate around Penn Station, though Zyter also plans to roll out the app at other large Amtrak stations.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: In normal operations, Amtrak and NJ Transit share tracks 5–12, while the LIRR has the exclusive use of tracks 17–21 on the north side of the station. All three railroads share tracks 13–16. Tracks 1–4 end at bumper blocks at the eastern end of the platform and have no access to the East River Tunnels and are used exclusively by NJ Transit since there's no access to Amtrak's Sunnyside Yard in Queens, NY.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: From the east, the East River Tunnels' lines 1 and 2 (the more southerly tubes) can only access tracks 5–17 and are used by most Amtrak and NJ Transit trains, while the East River Tunnels' lines 3 and 4 (the more northerly tubes) can only access tracks 14–21 and are mostly used by LIRR. From the west, the North River Tunnels can access tracks 1–19, while the Empire Connection can only access tracks 1–9 and the LIRR's West Side Yard can only access tracks 10–21.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: All station tracks are powered by 12 kV overhead wire. Tracks 5–21 also have 750 V DC third rail. Due to the lack of proper ventilation in the tunnels and station, only electric locomotives and dual-mode locomotives are scheduled to enter Penn Station. Diesel-only NJT trains terminate at Hoboken Terminal or Newark Penn Station, and diesel-only LIRR trains terminate at or prior to Long Island City.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: On April 14, a New Jersey Transit train became stuck in the North River tunnels, causing the station to grow crowded with waiting passengers. After an Amtrak police officer used a Taser on a man who was acting disruptively, rumors of gunshots sparked a stampede that injured 16 people. Following the stampede, U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer called on Amtrak to centralize law enforcement response.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: As a result of these incidents, the Long Island Rail Road had proposed taking over Penn Station from Amtrak to improve maintenance, and New Jersey has suggested withholding state payments to Amtrak. Amtrak has discussed accelerating major maintenance work, even at the cost of further disruptions, to more quickly stabilize infrastructure and decrease more future incidents that could potentially cause even greater disruption.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: Amtrak made further improvements to Penn Station's trackage in summer 2018. As a result, some Empire Corridor trains were rerouted again to Grand Central. The "Lake Shore Limited" and "Cardinal" to Chicago were truncated or rerouted because of this work.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: In 2013, the Regional Plan Association and the Municipal Art Society formed the Alliance for a New Penn Station. Citing overcrowding and the limited capacity of the current station under Madison Square Garden, the Alliance began to advocate for limiting the extension of Madison Square Garden's operating permit to ten years. On July 24, 2013, the New York City Council voted 47–1 to give the Garden a ten-year operating permit, after which the owners will have to move or seek permission anew.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: In January 2016, New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced that requests for proposals would be solicited for the redevelopment of the station, which would be a public-private partnership called the Empire Station Complex. Investors would be granted commercial rights to the station in exchange for paying building costs.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: In another component of the Empire Station plan under construction, the LIRR concourse in Penn Station will be nearly doubled in width, from , and the ceilings raised to a minimum height of . The first piece of this expansion, a new direct entrance from 33rd Street to the LIRR concourse, opened on December 31, 2020. 33rd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues is planned to be permanently closed to vehicular traffic and converted into a pedestrian plaza.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Pennsylvania Station (New York City)

Context: A draft environmental impact statement was released in July 2017, but the Trump administration delayed consideration of it. Unblocking the project was a stated priority of the Biden administration which took office in January 2021, and the project was approved in May 2021. Federal funding is anticipated to be provided by the Biden administration's Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill, which was passed into law in November 2021.

Question: ニューヨークで一番利用者が多い駅はどこ？


Context: The International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA ) is a trade organization of participants in the market for over-the-counter derivatives.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: It is headquartered in New York City, and has created a standardized contract (the ISDA Master Agreement) to enter into derivatives transactions. In addition to legal and policy activities, ISDA manages FpML (Financial products Markup Language), an XML message standard for the OTC Derivatives industry. ISDA has more than 925 members in 75 countries; its membership consists of derivatives dealers, service providers and end users.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: ISDA was initially created in 1985 as the International Swap Dealers Association and subsequently changed its name switching "Swap Dealers" to "Swaps and Derivatives". This change was made to focus more attention on their efforts to improve the more broad derivatives markets and away from strictly interest rate swap contracts.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: In 2009 a New York Times article mentioned that in 2005 the ISDA allowed rule changes to CDO payouts (Pay as You Go) that would benefit those who bet against (shorted) mortgage-backed securities, like Goldman Sachs, Deutsche Bank, and others.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: ISDA has offices in New York, London, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Washington D.C., Brussels and Singapore. It has more than 800 member firms from six continents. The current Chief Executive Officer is Scott O'Malia, who joined ISDA in 2009.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: According to "Financial Times" reporter Stacy-Marie Ishmael, the Master Agreement is "fundamental to, and provides a template for, the derivatives market."

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: ISDA has also drafted a Tahawwut Master Agreement in cooperation with the International Islamic Financial Market, with the aim of standardizing derivatives transactions under Islamic law.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: On April 8, 2009, ISDA introduced further compulsory modifications known as the "Big Bang Protocol." The key changes introduced by this protocol include:

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: The Protocol also introduced more standardized terms in order to limit the scope of negotiation in individual CDS transactions, thus making individual contracts more fungible in trading.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: ISDA's report commissioned by the "UK Financial Services Authority on behalf of the international group of OTC derivative supervisors asked ISDA in October 2009 to conduct a broad market review of bilateral collateralization practices for OTC derivatives to facilitate better understanding of current market practice, especially as it relates to the different types of counterparties active in the market."

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: ISDA also produces a model "Netting Act" which can be adopted by jurisdictions where close-out netting does not work effectively at present.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: From 1998 until August 2014, ISDA was responsible for releasing a series of interest rate swap reference rates for four currencies (Euros, British pounds, Swiss francs, U.S. dollars) under the name ISDAfix. Following rate manipulation scandals, these rates are now administered by the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). Further, the Swiss francs rate is no longer reported.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: ISDA has five Determinations Committees, each having jurisdiction over a specific region of the world (the Americas, Asia excluding Japan, Australia/New Zealand, EMEA and Japan). Each committee consists of ten voting dealers and five voting non-dealer asset managers. The committees make official, binding determinations regarding the existence of "credit events" and "succession events" (such as mergers), which may trigger obligations under a credit default swap contract.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: Since July 2009, the primary means of resolving a credit event is auction settlement, where holders of applicable instruments (as decided by the relevant determinations committee) auction their instruments to potential buyers at a set price.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: In March 2012, ISDA issued a statement declaring that Greece, through passing legislation that forces losses on all its private creditors, has triggered the payment on default insurance contracts, thus instigating a credit event. The ISDA said the use of "collective action clauses (CACs) to amend the terms of Greek law-governed bonds issued by The Hellenic Republic such [as] the right of all holders of the Affected Bonds to receive payments has been reduced."

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Context: ISDA also creates industry standards for derivatives and provides legal definitions of terms used in contracts. An example is the 1999 ISDA Credit Derivatives Definitions, which provide basic definitions for credit default swaps, total return swaps, credit linked notes and other credit derivative transactions.

Question: ISDAマスター契約が日本に導入されたのはいつ


Weeping statue

Context: Authorities of the Catholic Church have been very careful in their approach and treatment of weeping statues, and generally set very high barriers for their acceptance.

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


Weeping statue

Context: For instance when a statue of the popular Saint Padre Pio of Pietrelcina in Messina, Sicily, was found to have tears of blood one day in 2002, Church officials quickly ordered tests that showed the blood belonged to a woman and then dismissed the case as a hoax.

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


Weeping statue

Context: Skeptics point to the fact that making a fake weeping statue is relatively easy. Skeptics have provided examples of weeping statues that have been obvious hoaxes.

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


Weeping statue

Context: Weeping statues have also been dismissed by rationalists as a purely psychological and/or fraudulent phenomenon. The witnesses are said to be deluded by their own state of mind or strong group suggestion. In this altered state of mind, they believe they see something that isn't really there.

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


Weeping statue

Context: Another likely explanation attributes the so-called tears to condensation. The tears that statues appear to weep are actually beads of condensation accounted for by the statue being made from material of varying density, with condensation forming on the denser (colder) pieces (in this case the eyes).

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


Weeping statue

Context: In 2008, church custodian Vincenzo Di Costanzo went on trial in northern Italy for faking blood on a statue of the Virgin Mary when his own DNA was matched to the blood.

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


Weeping statue

Context: In 2018, at the Our Lady Guadalupe Catholic Church in Hobbs, New Mexico, a Mary statue was reported to be producing tears. In July of that year, the Catholic Diocese of Las Cruces revealed that tests confirmed the tears in fact had the chemical composition of rose scented olive oil.

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


Weeping statue

Context: A very small number of weeping statues have been recognized by the Roman Catholic Church, e.g. in Syracuse the shedding of tears from a statue in the house of a married couple (August 29, 1953) was recognized by the Catholic bishops of Sicily on December 13, 1953. Chemist Luigi Garlaschelli of the University of Pavia, who has not examined the statue, which is behind glass, theorizes that the tears are due to capillary attraction with moisture seeping through a fault in the glaze of the plaster statue.

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


Weeping statue

Context: The following is a list of the more publicized claims. The veracity of these claims is difficult to establish and many have been declared hoaxes by Church officials.

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


Weeping statue

Context: Weeping paintings or icons are a related phenomenon, but to date not a single case of a weeping painting has been approved either by the Roman Catholic or Coptic churches and most instances have turned out to be hoaxes. However, in Eastern Orthodoxy, some cases such as a weeping St Michael icon in Rhodes have been taken as miraculous.

Question: 聖母マリアが血の涙を流すといわれた像があるのはどこですか？


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: There have been a number of North Korean missile tests. North Korea has also fired a number of short-range missiles into the Sea of Japan, in what have been interpreted as political gestures.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: While some North Korean pronouncements have been treated with skepticism and ridicule, analysts treated the unusual pace of North Korean rocket and nuclear testing in early 2016 quite seriously. Admiral Bill Gortney, head of the North American Aerospace Defense Command, told Congress in March 2016, "It's the prudent decision on my part to assume that [Kim Jong Un] has the capability to miniaturize a nuclear weapon and put it on an ICBM," suggesting a major shift from a few years earlier.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: North Korea appeared to launch a missile test from a submarine on April 23, 2016; while the missile only traveled 30 km, one U.S. analyst noted that "North Korea's sub launch capability has gone from a joke to something very serious". North Korea conducted multiple missile tests in 2016.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: On August 29, 2017, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres has condemned the latest North Korea Ballistic Missile Launch and termed it as violation of relevant UN Security Council resolutions, as According to press reports, early Tuesday morning, the North Korea Ballistic Missile travelled some 2,700 kilometers, flying over Japan before crashing into the Pacific Ocean.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: On September 3, 2017, North Korea claimed to have successfully tested a thermonuclear bomb, also known as a hydrogen bomb (see 2017 North Korean nuclear test).

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: Corresponding seismic activity similar to an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 was reported by the USGS making the blast around 10 times more powerful than previous detonations by the country. Later the bomb yield was estimated to be 250 kilotons, based on further study of the seismic data. The test was reported to be "a perfect success".

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: Indonesian authorities detained the North Korean's second-largest cargo ship, the Wise Honest, in April for having been photographed loading what appeared to be coal in North Korea. The ship's automatic identification system signal had been turned off since August 2017, trying to conceal its course. In July 2018 the U.S. Justice Department secured a sealed seizure warrant for the ship.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: The U.S. seized the Wise Honest in Indonesia under its warrant in May and put it under tow to American Samoa. The Justice Department said it was the first time the United States had seized a North Korean cargo vessel for international sanctions violations. The sanctions are intended "ultimately [to] pressure North Korea to dismantle its nuclear program".

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: Members of the UN Security Council (UNSC), including UK, France and Germany, condemned North Korea's recent missile launches. The nations urged Pyongyang to resume negotiations, citing the missile launches as violation of UNSC resolutions.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: On October 2, North Korea confirmed testing a new ballistic missile launched from a submarine, and called it a "significant achievement" towards dealing with external threats and boosting its military power.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: In December, Planet Labs released new satellite images of a factory unit where North Korea develops military equipment used in launching long-range missiles, indicating the construction of a new arrangement. The revelation has raised fear that North Korea might launch a rocket or missile to seek concessions in stagnant nuclear negotiations with the U.S.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: A ballistic missile was launched by North Korea on 5 January 2022, off its east coast, as per military officials in Seoul and Japan. The exact munition used for the testing remains unclear. However, the officials did cite the munition as a short-range projectile, which was presumed as a ballistic missile launched from an inland region into the East Coast Sea. Officials claimed to be maintaining "readiness posture" and close monitoring of the situation with its defense allies in the US.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: North Korea's 11th missile launch of 2022 was its March 24 launch of an ICBM, marking its first successful ICBM launch since 2017.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


List of North Korean missile tests

Context: According to Japanese Minister of Defense Nobuo Kishi, one or more missiles from North Korea's June 5 2022 launch had a variable trajectory presumably designed to evade missile defenses.

Question: 北朝鮮が初めてミサイルの打ち上げをしたのはいつ


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: The New Madrid Seismic Zone (), sometimes called the New Madrid Fault Line, is a major seismic zone and a prolific source of intraplate earthquakes (earthquakes within a tectonic plate) in the Southern and Midwestern United States, stretching to the southwest from New Madrid, Missouri.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: The New Madrid fault system was responsible for the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes, and has the potential to produce large earthquakes in the future. Since 1812, frequent smaller earthquakes have been recorded in the area.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: Earthquakes that occur in the New Madrid Seismic Zone potentially threaten parts of seven American states: Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: The -long seismic zone, which extends into five states, stretches southward from Cairo, Illinois; through Hayti, Caruthersville, and New Madrid in Missouri; through Blytheville into Marked Tree in Arkansas. It also covers a part of West Tennessee, near Reelfoot Lake, extending southeast into Dyersburg. It is southwest of the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: The faults responsible for the NMSZ are embedded in a subsurface geological feature known as the Reelfoot Rift, which likely formed during the Cambrian Period. The Reelfoot Rift was first described by Ervin and McGinnis (1975) and believed to be of late Precambrian age. The rift failed to split the North American continent, but it has remained as an aulacogen (a scar or zone of weakness) deep underground.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: This relative weakness is important, because it would allow the relatively small east–west compressive forces associated with the continuing westward continental drift of the North American Plate to reactivate old faults around New Madrid, making the area unusually prone to earthquakes in spite of it being far from the nearest tectonic plate boundary.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: Since other ancient rifts are known to occur in North America, but not all are associated with modern earthquakes, other processes could be at work to locally increase mechanical stress on the New Madrid faults. Also, some form of heating in the lithosphere below the area has been suggested to be making deep rocks more plastic, which would concentrate compressive stress in the shallower subsurface area where the faulting occurs.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: The first known written record of an earthquake felt in the NMSZ was from a French missionary traveling up the Mississippi with a party of explorers. At 1 pm on Christmas Day 1699, at a site near the present-day location of Memphis, the party was startled by a short period of ground shaking.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: At New Madrid, trees were knocked down and riverbanks collapsed. This event shook windows and furniture in Washington, DC, rang bells in Richmond, Virginia, sloshed well water and shook houses in Charleston, South Carolina, and knocked plaster off of houses in Columbia, South Carolina. In Jefferson, Indiana, furniture moved, and in Lebanon, Ohio, residents fled their homes. Observers in Herculaneum, Missouri, called it "severe" and said it had a duration of 10–12 minutes.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: Aftershocks were felt every 6-10 minutes, a total of 27, in New Madrid until what was called the Daylight Shock, which was of the same intensity as the first. Many of these were also felt throughout the eastern US, though with less intensity than the initial earthquake.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: Instruments were installed in and around the area in 1974 to closely monitor seismic activity. Since then, more than 4,000 earthquakes have been recorded, most of which were too small to be felt. On average, one earthquake per year is large enough to be felt in the area.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: The potential for the recurrence of large earthquakes and their effects today on densely populated cities in and around the seismic zone has generated much research devoted to understanding in the NMSZ. By studying evidence of past quakes and closely monitoring ground motion and current earthquake activity, scientists attempt to understand their causes and recurrence intervals.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: The lack of apparent land movement along the New Madrid fault system has long puzzled scientists. In 2009, two studies based on eight years of GPS measurements indicated that the faults were moving at no more than 0.2 mm (0.008 in.) a year. This contrasts to the rate of slip on the San Andreas Fault, which averages up to a year across California.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


New Madrid Seismic Zone

Context: In the November 5, 2009, issue of "Nature", researchers from Northwestern University and the University of Missouri said that due to the lack of fault movement, the quakes along the faults may only be aftershocks of the 1811–1812 earthquakes.

Question: ニューマドリッド地震で最大の自身の震度は？


List of FC Barcelona managers

Context: Pep Guardiola is the most successful manager in terms of trophies. In 2009, Guardiola's first full year in charge, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble of La Liga, the Copa del Rey and the Champions League. Later that year, they became the first football team to achieve the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble, the Supercopa de España, the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup.

Question: フットボール・クラブ・バルセロナ、サッカー部門の初代監督は誰？


List of FC Barcelona managers

Context: The second most successful FC Barcelona manager in terms of trophies won is Johan Cruyff, who won four La Liga titles, one Copa del Rey, three Supercopa de España, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one European Cup and one European Super Cup in his 8-year reign as manager.

Question: フットボール・クラブ・バルセロナ、サッカー部門の初代監督は誰？


List of FC Barcelona managers

Context: During the first 29 years of Barcelona's existence, from 1899 to 1928, Spain did not have a national football league. Barcelona competed in the championship of the Catalonia region, the winners of which qualified for the Copa del Rey along with the other regional champions.

Question: フットボール・クラブ・バルセロナ、サッカー部門の初代監督は誰？


List of FC Barcelona managers

Context: In February 1929, Spain's first national football league was formed, with Barcelona among the founding members. The club also competed in the Campionat de Catalunya (Catalan Championship) until it was abandoned in 1940. The Copa del Rey continued alongside La Liga. Clubs continued to qualify for it based on their placings in the regional championships until 1940, when it became open to all teams in the top two divisions of La Liga and selected other teams.

Question: フットボール・クラブ・バルセロナ、サッカー部門の初代監督は誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Andy Murray was born in Glasgow, Scotland, the son of Judy Murray (née Erskine) and William Murray. His maternal grandfather, Roy Erskine, was a professional footballer in the late 1950s. Murray is a supporter of Hibernian Football Club, one of the teams his grandfather represented, and Arsenal Football Club.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray began playing tennis at the age of three when his mother Judy took him to play on the local courts. He played in his first competitive tournament at age five and by the time he was eight he was competing with adults in the Central District Tennis League. Murray's elder brother, Jamie, is also a professional tennis player, playing on the doubles circuit, and became a multiple Grand Slam winner in the discipline (both men's and mixed).

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray was born with a bipartite patella, a condition in which the kneecap remains as two separate bones instead of fusing together in early childhood, but was not diagnosed until the age of 16. He has been seen holding his knee due to the pain caused by the condition and has pulled out of events because of it.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In February 2013, Murray bought Cromlix House hotel near Dunblane for £1.8 million. Brother Jamie had celebrated his wedding there in 2010 but it had since ceased trading. The venue re-opened as a 15-room five-star hotel in April 2014. Later that month Murray was awarded freedom of Stirling and received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Stirling in recognition of his services to tennis.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray began dating Kim Sears, daughter of player-turned-coach Nigel Sears, in 2005. Their engagement was announced in November 2014, and they married on 11 April 2015 at Dunblane Cathedral in his home town, with the reception at his Cromlix House hotel. The couple live in Oxshott, Surrey with their son and three daughters; the youngest of the girls was born in March 2021.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In January 2021, prior to his trip to Melbourne for the Australian Open, Murray tested positive for COVID-19 and remained in quarantine and isolating at home, eventually missing the tournament.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In July 2003, Murray started out on the Challenger and Futures circuit. In his first tournament, he reached the quarter-finals of the Manchester Challenger. In September, Murray won his first senior title by taking the Glasgow Futures event. He also reached the semi-finals of the Edinburgh Futures event.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In July 2004, Murray played a Challenger event in Nottingham, where he lost to future Grand Slam finalist Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the second round. Murray then went on to win Futures events in Xàtiva and Rome.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In September 2004, he won the Junior US Open and was selected for the Davis Cup World Group play-off match against Austria later that month; however, he was not selected to play. Later that year, he won BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: As a junior, Murray reached as high as No. 6 in the world in 2003 (and No. 8 in doubles). In the 2004-instated combined rankings, he reached No. 2 in the world.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray began 2005 ranked No. 407, but when he was in South America in January, he hurt his back and had to take three months off.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In March, he became the youngest Briton to play in the Davis Cup. Murray turned professional in April and was given a wild card entry to a clay-court tournament in Barcelona, the Open SEAT, where he lost in three sets to Jan Hernych. In April, Murray parted acrimoniously from his coach Pato Alvarez, complaining about his negative attitude. Murray then reached the semi-finals of the boys' French Open, where he lost in straight sets to Marin Čilić.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray beat Tim Henman in their first meeting, at the Basel Swiss Indoors in the first round, and eventually reached the quarter-finals.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: The 2006 season saw Murray compete on the full circuit for the first time and split with his coach Mark Petchey and team up with Brad Gilbert.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: At the SAP Open in San Jose in February, Murray defeated a top ten player for the first time, Andy Roddick. Murray went on to claim the title defeating No. 11 Lleyton Hewitt. As a result, Murray became the British No. 1 later that month, ending Tim Henman's seven-year run. Murray was now world No. 42, Greg Rusedski No. 43, and Tim Henman No. 49. Rusedski regained his British No. 1 status on 15 May for eight weeks.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray suffered a straight sets defeat at the Australian Open, to Argentine Juan Ignacio Chela in the first round and to Gaël Monfils at the French Open, in five sets. Murray did reach the fourth round for the first time at both Wimbledon (beating 3rd seed Andy Roddick in the 3rd round) and the US Open.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray played in Davis Cup ties against Serbia, Israel and Ukraine. Murray missed the opening singles matches before losing the doubles as Britain lost their tie against Serbia. During the tie with Israel, Murray won his rubber and lost the doubles before pulling out with a neck injury before the reverse singles, as Britain lost the tie. Against Ukraine, Murray won both his singles rubbers, but lost the doubles, as Britain won the tie.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: At the Masters, Murray lost in the first round in Miami, Monte Carlo and Rome. Murray went out of the tournaments in Indian Wells and Hamburg in the second round. Murray reached his first Masters semi-final in Toronto at the Rogers Cup, losing to Richard Gasquet.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In November, the Aberdeen Cup was held for the second time, with Murray leading team Scotland and Greg Rusedski captaining England. Scotland won 6½–1.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray reached the fourth round of the Australian Open, where he lost a five-set match against No. 2, Rafael Nadal.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Following the Miami Masters, where he reached the semi-finals, Murray reached the No. 10 ranking on 16 April.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: The British No. 1 sustained tendon damage during his first round match at the German Open in Hamburg. Murray was up 5–1 when he hit a forehand from the back of the court and snapped the tendons in his wrist, leaving him out of action from 15 May until 7 August, thereby missing Wimbledon. During this rest period, Murray rose to No. 8, but by 7 August, he had dropped to No. 14.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In November, Murray split with his coach Brad Gilbert and added a team of experts along with Miles Maclagan, his main coach.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In November, Murray won at Valencia, but bowed out in round two of the Paris Masters. To end the season, Murray did not make it out of the round robin at the World Tour Finals in London. He ended the year ranked #4 for the second consecutive year.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray and Laura Robson represented Britain at the Hopman Cup. The pair progressed to the final, where they were beaten by Spain. At the Australian Open Murray beat Nadal and Čilić before losing in the final to Roger Federer.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray and Laura Robson lost in the round-robin stage 2011 Hopman Cup, losing all three ties even though Murray won all of his singles matches. Then Murray, along with other stars such as Federer, Nadal, and Djokovic, participated in the Rally for Relief event to help raise money for the flood victims in Queensland.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Seeded fifth in the 2011 Australian Open, Murray met former champion Novak Djokovic in the final and was defeated in straight sets. In Rotterdam, he was defeated by Marcos Baghdatis in the first round. Murray reached the semi-finals of the doubles tournament with his brother Jamie. Murray lost to qualifiers in the first rounds at the Masters Series events in Indian Wells and Miami, after which he split with coach Àlex Corretja.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray returned to form at the Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, but lost to Nadal in the semi-finals. Murray sustained an elbow injury before the match and subsequently withdrew from the 2011 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell due to the injury. Murray lost in the third round at the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open, but made it to the semi-finals of the Rome Masters, where he lost to Novak Djokovic.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: At the French Open, Murray won two tough early matches, before losing in his first semi-final at Roland Garros, against Rafael Nadal.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: At the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships, Murray defeated Djokovic in the semi-finals, but lost in the final to Roger Federer. After an early defeat at the BNP Paribas Open, Murray made the final of the Miami Masters, losing to Djokovic. Murray then had quarter-final losses at the Monte Carlo Masters and Barcelona Open, and a third round loss at the Italian Open. Murray battled back spasms throughout the French Open, and in the quarter-finals, he was beaten by David Ferrer.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray retired early in the Rogers Cup due to a knee injury, and was beaten by unseeded Jérémy Chardy at the Cincinnati Masters in straight sets.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: When Nadal pulled out of both the Paris Masters and the year-end championships, Murray finished the year at No. 3, after four years at No. 4. This was the first time Murray had finished the year higher than No. 4. At the "BBC Sports Personality of the Year" Murray found himself voted third overall, ahead of Mo Farah. Murray won the World Breakthrough of the Year at the Laureus World Sports Awards.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to tennis.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: At the Rome Masters, Murray retired due to a hip injury during his second round match against Marcel Granollers on his 26th birthday. Murray had just battled back to tie the match at one set all after winning the second set on a tiebreak. This left Murray with only eleven days to be fit for the start of the French Open.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Despite the Serb being the favourite to win the title throughout the Championships, Murray overcame Djokovic in a straight sets match that lasted over three hours, to become the first British winner of the men's singles title since Fred Perry in 1936, the first Scot of either sex to win a Wimbledon singles title since Harold Mahony in 1896, and to extend his winning streak on grass to 18 matches.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray started his season at the Qatar Open in Doha. In the first round, he defeated Mousa Shanan Zayed in straight sets in 37 minutes without dropping a single game, but was defeated in three sets by No. 40 Florian Mayer in the second round, despite being a set and a break up three games into the second set. He then played a warm-up match at the 2014 AAMI Classic in Kooyong against No. 43 Lleyton Hewitt, losing in two close tiebreaks.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: At the ATP World Tour Finals, Murray lost his opening round robin match to Kei Nishikori but won his second match against Milos Raonic. However, he lost his final group match against Federer in straight sets and only managed to win one game against him, marking his worst defeat since losing to Djokovic in the 2007 Miami Masters, eliminating him from the tournament.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray next participated at the Citi Open (for the first time since 2006), as the top seed and favourite to win the tournament. However, he suffered a defeat in his first match, losing to No. 53 Teymuraz Gabashvili in a final set tiebreak, despite serving for the match. In doubles, he partnered Daniel Nestor, however they lost in the first round to the fourth seeds, Rohan Bopanna and Florin Mergea, also in three sets.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Playing against Australia in the semi-finals of the Davis Cup World Group in Glasgow, Murray won both his singles rubbers in straight sets, against Thanasi Kokkinakis and Bernard Tomic. He also partnered his brother Jamie, and they won in five sets against the pairing of Sam Groth and Lleyton Hewitt, the results guiding Great Britain to the Davis Cup final for the first time since 1978 with a 3–2 lead over Australia.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: As the world No. 2, Murray participated in the ATP World Tour Finals in London, and was drawn into the Ilie Năstase group with David Ferrer, Rafael Nadal and Stan Wawrinka. He went out in the round-robin stage, after defeating Ferrer and losing to Nadal and Wawrinka. However, after Federer failed to win the tournament, he finished the season ranked No. 2 for the first time.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray began his 2016 season by playing in the Hopman Cup, pairing up with Heather Watson again. However, they finished second in their group after losing their tie to eventual champions Nick Kyrgios and Daria Gavrilova from Australia.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray returned to action at the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships event in February. There he won his only tournament of the year, beating Fernando Verdasco in straight sets, despite almost losing in the quarter-finals to Philipp Kohlschreiber where Murray had to save seven match points. The next week, he suffered a shock defeat in the second round of the Indian Wells Masters to Vasek Pospisil.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray withdrew from the Brisbane International and Australian Open due to hip injury. In a post on Instagram, Murray explained that rehab was one option for recovery. He added that hip surgery was also an option but that the chances of a successful outcome were not as high. On 8 January, Murray announced on Instagram he had undergone hip surgery.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray made his grand slam return at the US Open where he defeated the Australian James Duckworth in four sets. However, he was unable to progress further, losing in the second round to Spain's Fernando Verdasco in four sets.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray then withdrew from Great Britain's Davis Cup tie against Uzbekistan in Glasgow to continue his rehabilitation from his injury.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray travelled to Brisbane early in order to better prepare for the Brisbane International. He won his first round match against James Duckworth in straight sets but admitted post-match that he did not know how long he would be able to play top-class tennis. Murray was defeated in the next round by Daniil Medvedev, at that time ranked 16th in the world.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: On 16 May 2019, Murray received his knighthood from Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace, two years after he was awarded the honour.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous tournaments on the 2020 ATP Tour were either cancelled or rescheduled for later in the year.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray's first ATP tournament of 2020 was at the Western & Southern Open in August in which he entered as a wildcard. He beat Frances Tiafoe in the first round before beating world No. 7 Alexander Zverev in the second, his first victory over a top-10 player in over three years and the 102nd of his career. He lost his third round match to Milos Raonic in straight sets.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In his first round match at the spectator-less US Open Murray came back from two down to narrowly defeat Yoshihito Nishioka of Japan in five sets. Then in the second round he lost in straight sets to the 15th seed Felix Auger-Aliassime of Canada.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: He then entered the French Open as a wildcard but was defeated in the first round in straight sets by Stan Wawrinka.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray's last tournament of the year was the Bett1Hulks Indoors where he received a wildcard into the main draw and lost in the first round to Fernando Verdasco in straight sets. He did not enter the European Open and thus failed to defend his title.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray was due to start his season at the 2021 Australian Open again as a wildcard but this was put in doubt after testing positive for COVID-19 on 14 January. On 22 January, it was confirmed that he would miss the Australian Open due to not being able to find a workable quarantine after his positive test.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: His first tournament of the season was the 2021 Open Sud de France where, as a wildcard, he lost in the first round. After that in March, he competed at the 2021 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament in Rotterdam as a wildcard where he lost in the second round against Andrey Rublev.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray was largely inactive during the next three months due to a groin injury, managing only two match appearances in doubles at the Italian Open in May. This left his ranking too low for a direct entry for the French Open. He decided against entering qualifying or trying to earn a wild card in order to focus on the upcoming grass court season.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: He returned to singles play as a wildcard at the Queen's Club Championships where he defeated Benoît Paire in the first round but lost in the second to the 1st seed, Matteo Berrettini, in straight sets.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: At Wimbledon he received a wildcard. He lost in the third round to Denis Shapovalov, after defeating 24th seed Nikoloz Basilashvili and qualifier Oscar Otte.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: At the Vienna Open, Murray entered as a wildcard and upset 5th seed and world No. 10 Hubert Hurkacz in the first round in three sets to claim the 103rd top 10 victory of his career and the first of the year, but fell in straight sets to Carlos Alcaraz the following round. At the 2021 Stockholm Open, he reached the quarterfinals as a wildcard, defeating top seed and World No. 10 Jannik Sinner for his second top 10 win in two weeks and for the season and the 104th in his career.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray entered the 2021 Mubadala World Tennis Championship, an exhibition tournament held in Abu Dhabi in December. After defeating Dan Evans in straight sets, he met Rafael Nadal for their first match since the semi-finals of the 2016 Madrid Open. He beat Nadal in straight sets. Murray lost the final match in straight sets and a tiebreak to Andrey Rublev.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: After a first round loss at the Melbourne Summer Set to Facundo Bagnis, Murray reached the final at the Sydney Tennis Classic, beating Viktor Durasovic in the first round and second seed Nikoloz Basilashvili in the second round in a match lasting over 3 hours. After his quarterfinal opponent, 8th seed David Goffin retired due to injury, he beat Reilly Opelka in the semifinals before falling to Aslan Karatsev in the final.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray participated in the 2022 Australian Open. Murray met Nikoloz Basilashvili for the second time in the space of a week, and won the first round in five sets. He lost in the 2nd round, in straight sets against Taro Daniel.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray uses Head rackets, and regularly appears in advertisements for the brand. He endorses the Head Radical Pro model, whereas his actual playing racket (underneath the various Radical Pro paintjobs) is reported to be a customized pro stock PT57A, derived from the original Pro Tour 630 model, but with a 16×19 string pattern. The racquet used to be set up extremely heavy at the beginning of his career, but after a 2007 wrist injury its weight was lowered.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In June 2012, the Swiss watch manufacturer Rado announced that Murray had signed a deal to wear their D-Star 200 model.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: After winning the Brisbane International in January 2013, he dedicated the victory to his friend Ross Hutchins who had been diagnosed with cancer in December 2012. Hutchins confirmed that Murray's victory salute after this win was a sign to him.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: In 2007, Murray suggested that tennis had a match-fixing problem, stating that everyone knows it goes on, in the wake of the investigation surrounding Nikolay Davydenko. Both Davydenko and Rafael Nadal questioned his comments, but Murray responded that his words had been taken out of context.

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Andy Murray

Context: Murray has not commented on his personal opinion on Britain's decision to leave the European Union. However, following his win at Wimbledon in 2016, he expressed his surprise at the outcome of the referendum in the UK and added that "it's important that everyone comes together to make the best of it."

Question: サー・アンドリュー・バロン・"アンディ"・マリーのコーチは誰？


Sylvie Vartan

Context: Yearly shows with then-husband Johnny Hallyday attracted full houses at the Olympia and the Palais des congrès de Paris throughout the 1960s and mid-1970s. In 2004, after a break in performances, she began recording and giving concerts of jazz ballads in francophone countries.

Question: シルヴィ・ヴァルタンは何語で歌いましたか？


Sylvie Vartan

Context: When the Soviet Army invaded Bulgaria in September 1944, the Vartanian family house was nationalised and they moved to Sofia. In 1952, a friend of Sylvie's father, film director Dako Dakovski, offered her the role of a schoolgirl in the movie "Pod igoto", a film about Bulgarian rebels against the Ottoman occupation. Participating in the film made her dream of becoming an entertainer come true.

Question: シルヴィ・ヴァルタンは何語で歌いましたか？


Sylvie Vartan

Context: In 1960, her family moved to an apartment in Michel Bizot Avenue. Thanks to the influence of her music producer brother Eddie, music became teenage Sylvie's main interest. Her most influential genres were jazz and, out of spite toward her strict high school, rock 'n' roll. Her favourite artists included Brenda Lee, Bill Haley, and Elvis Presley.

Question: シルヴィ・ヴァルタンは何語で歌いましたか？


Sylvie Vartan

Context: A commercial for the "Renown" clothing line and a supporting role in the film "Patate" increased her fame. She also appeared on "The Ed Sullivan Show, Shindig!, Hullabaloo", and an international concert tour, including Canada, South America and Polynesia. In Tokyo she gave 13 concerts in 12 days.

Question: シルヴィ・ヴァルタンは何語で歌いましたか？


Sylvie Vartan

Context: The hits of the "Jolie poupée" show were released as the "Maritza" album. In Italy, she released a cover version of Mina's "Zum zum zum". Being the 23rd-biggest-selling single of 1969 in Italy, Vartan's version did better in Italian charts than Mina's original. Vartan continued with her one-woman shows at the Paris Olympia in December 1968; they were published as the documentary "Sylvie à L'Olympia".

Question: シルヴィ・ヴァルタンは何語で歌いましたか？


Sylvie Vartan

Context: After her world tour in autumn 1969, she returned to Italy to perform "Festa negli occhi, festa nel cuore" on a "Canzonissima" variety night and "C'est un jour à rester couché" on the "Incontro con Sylvie Vartan" TV show, recorded in the Gattopardo Club of Messina. Her appearances were popular in Italy and France; she donned a different costume for each song, including plenty of short skirts and Barbarella boots. The cartoonists of both countries even drew Sylvie Vartan lookalikes.

Question: シルヴィ・ヴァルタンは何語で歌いましたか？


Sylvie Vartan

Context: In 1990, Sylvie gave a concert at Sofia's Palace of Culture, opening and closing with a Bulgarian song. This was her first visit to the city since her emigration.

Question: シルヴィ・ヴァルタンは何語で歌いましたか？


Sylvie Vartan

Context: In 2005, the singer was appointed as WHO Goodwill Ambassador for Maternal and Child Health in the European Region. Vartan is regarded as a gay icon.

Question: シルヴィ・ヴァルタンは何語で歌いましたか？


History of journalism

Context: In 1556, the government of Venice first published the monthly "Notizie scritte" ("Written notices") which cost one gazzetta, a Venetian coin of the time, the name of which eventually came to mean "newspaper". These avvisi were handwritten newsletters and used to convey political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently throughout Europe, more specifically Italy, during the early modern era (1500-1800)—sharing some characteristics of newspapers though usually not considered true newspapers.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: The news circulated between newsletters through well-established channels in 17th century Europe. Antwerp was the hub of two networks, one linking France, Britain, Germany, and the Netherlands; the other linking Italy, Spain and Portugal. Favorite topics included wars, military affairs, diplomacy, and court business and gossip.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: After 1600 the national governments in France and England began printing official newsletters. In 1622 the first English-language weekly magazine, "A current of General News" was published and distributed in England in an 8- to 24-page quarto format.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: The first newspaper in France, the "Gazette de France", was established in 1632 by the king's physician Theophrastus Renaudot (1586-1653), with the patronage of Louis XIII. All newspapers were subject to prepublication censorship, and served as instruments of propaganda for the monarchy.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: Socialist and labour newspapers also proliferated and in 1912 the "Daily Herald" was launched as the first daily newspaper of the trade union and labour movement.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: Other powerful editors included C. P. Scott of the "Manchester Guardian", James Louis Garvin of "The Observer" and Henry William Massingham of the highly influential weekly magazine of opinion, "The Nation".

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: The appearance of a dozen editorial cartoons ridiculing Mohammed set off Muslim outrage and violent threats around the world. (see: Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy) The Muslim community decided the caricatures in the Copenhagen newspaper "Jyllands-Posten" in September 2005 represented another instance of Western animosity toward Islam and were so sacrilegious that the perpetrators deserved severe punishment.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: The historiography of the Danish press is rich with scholarly studies. Historians have made insights into Danish political, social and cultural history, finding that individual newspapers are valid analytical entities, which can be studied in terms of source, content, audience, media, and effect.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: The history of radio broadcasting begins in the 1920s and reached its apogee in the 1930s and 1940s. Experimental television was being studied before the 2nd world war, became operational in the late 1940s, and became widespread in the 1950s and 1960s, largely but not entirely displacing radio.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: "In journalism history and media history, a new generation of scholars . . . criticised traditional histories of the media for being too insular, too decontextualized, too uncritical, too captive to the needs of professional training, and too enamoured of the biographies of men and media organizations."

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: In 1974, James W. Carey identified the 'Problem of Journalism History'. The field was dominated by a Whig interpretation of journalism history.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: "This views journalism history as the slow, steady expansion of freedom and knowledge from the political press to the commercial press, the setbacks into sensationalism and yellow journalism, the forward thrust into muck raking and social responsibility...the entire story is framed by those large impersonal forces buffeting the press: industrialization, urbanization and mass democracy.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


History of journalism

Context: O'Malley says the criticism went too far because there was much of value in the deep scholarship of the earlier period.

Question: ジャーナリズムの起源はいつ


Forkball

Context: The forkball is a type of pitch in baseball. Related to the split-finger fastball, the forkball is held between the first two fingers and thrown hard, snapping the wrist.

Question: ＭＬＢで初めてフォークボールを投げたのは誰