Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: According to the International Monetary Fund, before the Syrian Civil War, oil sales for 2010 were projected to generate $3.2 billion for the Syrian government and accounted for 25.1% of the state's revenue.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: In 2009, Syria's net petroleum exports were estimated to be . All oil exports are marketed by Sytrol, Syria's state oil marketing firm, which sells most of its volume under 12-month contracts. Before the imposition of EU sanctions, Syrian crude oil exports went mostly to the European Union, in particular Germany, Italy, and France, totaling an estimated in 2009, according to Eurostat. In 2010, the European Union as a whole spent $4.1 billion on Syrian oil imports.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: The Syrian Civil War broke out in 2011 and is ongoing. In the same year, Syria's major trading partners imposed international sanctions on Syrian oil and financial system, devastating the Syrian oil industry, adding to the devastation of the civil war. Local exporters of oil in Syria include the Altoun Group in Maaraba, Rif Dimashq, Syria, formed in 1968, which it is owned by Salim Altoun, has been on an EU sanctions list since May 2012.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: During the civil war, the self-declared state of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL/ISIS) controlled most oil fields in eastern Syria starting from 2013, in which they smuggled the oil located in Deir ez-Zor province outside Syria by producing 34,000–40,000 barrels per day (bpd). Quality of Petroleum determined price of each barrel sold at the wellhead 25 to 45 dollars.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: Following the American control of eastern Syria, American President Donald Trump claimed on 28 October 2019 that $45 million a month could be earned from the Syrian oil. In November 2019, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad indicated that ISIS terrorists have two partners in stealing the Syrian oil since 2014, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his coterie, and the Americans who always try to loot the other countries.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: However, Syria produced 406,000 barrels per day (bpd) in 2008, but the oil production dropped to 353,000 bdp in 2011 and had plunged to just 24,000 bdp by 2018, a reduction of more than 90%, according to British Petroleum Statistical Review of World Energy.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: In January 2020, militants sent divers to plant explosives on the underwater pipelines at an oil facility of Syria. On January 27, the bombs exploded off the Mediterranean coast, leaving the Baniyas oil refinery damaged. The facility at the time was recorded to have capacity to process over 13,000 barrels of crude oil per day.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: Syria's upstream oil production and development has traditionally been the mandate of the Syrian Petroleum Company (SPC), owned by the Syrian Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. SPC has undertaken efforts to reverse the trend toward declining oil production and exports by increasing oil exploration and production in partnership with foreign oil companies. The SPC directly controls about half of the country's oil production and takes a 50% stake in development work with foreign partners.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: Foreign investment is vital for improving production levels; however, following the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War, many countries important to Syria's oil exports have imposed sanctions, which legally prevents Western companies from working in the country.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: Al-Furat Petroleum Company is a joint venture established in 1985. It is currently 50% owned by SPC and the other 50% is foreign owned: Anglo-Dutch Shell with 32%, and the remainder held by Himalaya Energy Syria, a consortium of China National Petroleum Company and India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation. The company produced an average . As of December 2011 Shell has suspended operations in Syria due to EU sanctions.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: Deir Ez Zor Petroleum Company is a consortium owned by SPC and France's Total. Total formed its Syrian operation in 1988 and in 2008 renewed its partnership sharing agreement with Syria. Prior to the Syrian Civil War, the company produced an average from its fields around Deir ez-Zour.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: In 2005, Norwegian Wavefield Inseis conducted seismic surveys off Syria's Eastern Mediterranean coast, the subsequent report which was published in 2011 by French company CGGVeritas, showed "encouraging results" of oil and gas reserves in the Syrian territorial waters.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: In May 2007, Syria's Ministry of Oil and Mineral Reserves introduced four offshore sectors for exploration, yet the British company Dove Energy Limited application was declined, as it was without competition.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: In 2010, a US Geological Survey had already estimated 1.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil and 122 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in the whole Levantine Basin.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: In March 2011, Ministry of Oil and Mineral Reserves presented another four offshore blocks with an area of for exploration, however, the political situation deterred companies from utilizing the opportunity.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Petroleum industry in Syria

Context: In March 2021, Russian company, Capital Limited, and Syrian government represented by the Ministry of Oil and Mineral Reserves, signed a contract to grant the Russian company the exclusive rights to explore natural oil and gas in Block 1 in the eastern Mediterranean with an area of off the coast of Tartus.

Question: Сколько нефти было добыто в Сирии в 2018 году?


Hayao Miyazaki

Context: is a Japanese animator, director, producer, screenwriter, author, and manga artist. A co-founder of Studio Ghibli, he has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and creator of Japanese animated feature films, and is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished filmmakers in the history of animation.

Question: В какой университет ходил Хаяо Миядзаки?


Hayao Miyazaki

Context: In January 2019, it was reported that Vincent Maraval, a frequent collaborator of , tweeted a hint that may have plans for another film in the works. In February 2019, a four-part documentary was broadcast on the NHK network titled "10 Years with" , documenting production of his films in his private studio. In 2019, approved a musical adaptation of "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind", as it was performed by a kabuki troupe.

Question: В какой университет ходил Хаяо Миядзаки?


Hayao Miyazaki

Context: Miyazaki has often criticized the current state of the anime industry, stating that animators are unrealistic when creating people. He has stated that modern anime is "produced by humans who can't stand looking at other humans… that's why the industry is full of "otaku"!". He has also frequently criticized "otaku", including "gun "otaku"" and "Zero fanatics", declaring it a "fetish", and refusing to identify himself as such.

Question: В какой университет ходил Хаяо Миядзаки?


Hayao Miyazaki

Context: Miyazaki's works are characterized by the recurrence of themes such as environmentalism, pacifism, feminism, love and family. His narratives are also notable for not pitting a hero against an unsympathetic antagonist.

Question: В какой университет ходил Хаяо Миядзаки?


Hayao Miyazaki

Context: Gorō worked at a landscape design firm before beginning to work at the Ghibli Museum; he designed the garden on its rooftop and eventually became its curator. Keisuke studied forestry at Shinshu University and works as a wood artist; he designed a woodcut print that appears in "Whisper of the Heart". Miyazaki's niece, Mei Okuyama, who was the inspiration behind the character Mei in "My Neighbor Totoro", is married to animation artist Daisuke Tsutsumi.

Question: В какой университет ходил Хаяо Миядзаки?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: The Russian Age of Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century in which the government began to actively encourage the proliferation of arts and sciences, which had a profound impact on Russian culture. During this time, the first Russian university was founded, a library, a theatre, a public museum, as well as relatively independent press. Like other enlightened despots, Catherine the Great played a key role in fostering the arts, sciences, and education.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Catherine the Great personally wrote the words for her ambassadors and consuls in order to compile a Comparative dictionary.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: The ideas of the Russian Enlightenment were first espoused by the "learned druzhina" of Peter the Great. It is the spirit which animates the sermons of Feofan Prokopovich, the satires of Antiokh Kantemir, and the historiography of Vasily Tatishchev.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: During the reign of Peter's daughter Elizaveta Petrovna the ideas of the Enlightened Absolutism found their way into Russia. Elizaveta's favourite, Ivan Shuvalov, was an ideal enlightened courtier: he was instrumental in the establishment of the Moscow University and the Imperial Academy of Arts, which would start the careers of most intellectuals active during the last quarter of the 18th century.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Shuvalov was also the patron of the greatest Russian polymath– Mikhail Lomonosov– who left his mark in various branches of science, religious philosophy, poetry, and fine arts. Although his research inevitably eroded the authority of religious doctrines, Lomonosov himself was a devout Christian.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Many of Catherine's contemporaries questioned her adherence to Enlightenment ideals and thought she was an egoist, merely using concepts from the Age of Enlightenment to further her selfish gains. Gender played a primary role in these criticisms. Contemporaries interpreted her personality as combining masculine strength with feminine vanity.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: "Westernization" carries different meanings in different countries over varying time periods. But in relation to Russia during the 18th century, the term meant legislative changes to economics, politics and culture. It also entails the Russian gentry's adherence to a set standard and its imitation of the Western values. Westernization in Russia included the modernization of machinery, the refinement of a more efficient bureaucracy, and the acceptance of Western European tastes.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Russia produced more goods, and enlisted thousands of troops during Catherine's reign. While she acquired new lands, including Crimea and Poland, updated the army, and supported burgeoning manufactures, she really wanted to westernize Russia by reforming it, specifically the lives of the gentry, qualitatively. Bringing Russia to an equal level with the rest of Europe intellectually was a major concern of Catherine's. For this reason she created laws that justified her rule.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Catherine returned to the Crimea in November 1776, and imposed a ruler for the reoccupation of the peninsula because of disturbances there. The Crimeans revolted in 1778, after which the Russians went in the same year and installed their own leader to the throne.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Because she gained significant diplomatic power in the early 1770s Catherine considered something called the "Greek Project". This consisted of pushing the Turks out of Europe but it also carried another more utopian aspect: reclaiming Constantinople from Muslim to Orthodox Christian rule. The Second Turkish War, 1787–1792, ended with Russia gaining the fortress of Ochakov and the Black Sea shore to the Dniester river, and the Ottoman Empire recognizing Russia's annexation of Crimea.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Catherine's land acquisitions show the quantitative changes she made to the Russian Empire. But she went far beyond this type of modernization that Peter the Great used in Russia. The institution of laws and importation of liberal Western European thought served as means of expanding the state.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: At the advice of her learned correspondents, Catherine introduced a number of changes, ranging from the vast secularization of monastic properties to the domestic reform which envisioned more rational planning for the Russian towns.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Criticism of the Empress's reforms abounded. Professor Semyon Desnitsky, a follower of Adam Smith, suggested that Catherine institute elections every five years of a representative Senate and separation of powers. Mikhail Kheraskov used novels and poems to show that the duty of the autocrat was to transition from an enlightened absolute monarch to a constitutional or limited monarch.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: To understand the significance of Catherine's rule, one must look back on Peter the Great's reign. Peter established the idea of a "reforming tsar." He broke away from the old Muscovite conception of the Russian sovereign as "good tsar." From his reign on all tsars were judged by the standard of: modernizing economics, society, politics and cultural life, gaining influence abroad, and leading Russia on secular Western European ideas. No longer did leaders paternalistically protect the Russian homeland.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Russia became a major European power because of Peter's reforms. From Peter's rule set the precedent for succeeding leaders. For the next 150 years, Russian rulers followed "reform conservatism" which consisted of maintaining the state's power, fighting off fundamental change, but also adopting progressive changes that gave the autocracy a feature of liberalism, which was actually conservative in practice.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Considered the "only articulate ideologist to rule Russia between Ivan IV and Lenin", Catherine not only wanted to have military and political equality with Western European countries but she also strove to emulate their enlightened rule by supplanting western thought and practices onto the Russian gentry. Catherine did this because of universal standards Europeans used to compare themselves.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: In contrast to Peter I, who regulated Russian society through public ceremony and legislation, Catherine promoted "the internal mechanisms of behavior regulation." She attempted to achieve this remarkable goal through education. Russia set up state-run schools that provided students with learning in the three Rs, as well as about behavior proper for citizenship. The schools stressed two principles above all else: the need to be patriotic, and the need to accept innovation.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: The upper classes' increased purchasing power caused them to see themselves as equals to the French, British, Swiss, Danish and Swedes. This led the gentry, viewed as the "pillar of absolutism and of the Russian state," to "domesticate—in the most literal sense of the word—the appointments of Western European polite society."

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Catherine's Smol'nyi Institute in St. Petersburg, based on the French Maison royale de Saint Louis, taught upper-class girls polite manners in society and gave them a moral education. Girls studied not only "dance, music, sewing, drawing, and household economy" but also "law, mathematics, languages, geography, history, economy, architecture, science, and ethics."

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Secularization, a "western" principle, officially came to Russia through monetary necessity. Of course Enlightenment ideas about religion influenced the gentry but Catherine established the Commission on Church Lands on February 6, 1764 to support the finances of the state. The appropriation of Church lands to the state brought a substantial amount of money, land, and peasants under Catherine's control.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Throughout Catherine's reign she tried to find a balance between liberal political economic ideas in the tradition of Adam Smith, and the strong regulation started by Peter I. She preferred hired labor in industry, lowered internal tariffs and custom duties, and did not support monopolies. Catherine forbade the purchase of serfs for industry.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Mining was a source of Russian wealth. Catherine invited German mineralogy expert Franz Ludwig von Cancrin to Russia and put him in charge of a major salt mine at Staraya. Cancrin's son Georg von Cancrin joined him later in Russia, where he rose to the post of Minister of Finance.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: In the 1762, the Church owned two-thirds of ploughed land. After Catherine's reform, secularized Church land brought the state "an annual income of 1,370,000 rubles, of which less than 463,000 was returned to the Church each year between 1764 and 1768."

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: In their discussions of Russia's domestic affairs, Catherine only exchanged news with Voltaire that would cast Russia and her rule in a positive light. She sent him news that depicted Russia as an economically stable and prosperous country and to depict herself as the epitome of an enlightened despot.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Catherine greatly exaggerated Russia's economic stability and greatly misinformed Voltaire on the subject. For instance, Catherine in the correspondence never mentioned Pugachev's Rebellion of 1773–74. When Voltaire brought up the subject, Catherine brushed it off by simply saying that she had it under control. As a result, Voltaire never realized the significant economic hardship of Russia's peasant class that had triggered the revolt.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Nevertheless, Voltaire made clear his stance regarding serfdom in his submission for an essay competition held by the Free Economic Society of St. Petersburg in 1767. For the subject topic of the contest, Catherine chose "the merits of private ownership of land by the peasants." Voltaire's essay, to his disappointment, only received an honorable mention.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: The majority of Catherine and Voltaire's correspondence took place during the years 1769–1778, a period in which Catherine found herself largely involved with foreign affairs. Thus, much of their correspondence focuses on Russia's wars in Poland and Turkey and on the themes of religion and civilization.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: A more conservative approach was taken by Mikhail Shcherbatov, a publicist and historian whose notion of liberty was influenced by the works of Rousseau. Shcherbatov delivered a scathing criticism of the existing social institutions, maintaining that mass education—rather than far-reaching political reforms and the abolition of serfdom—may be more effective in improving the morals of Russian society.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: On a related note, Ivan Betskoy campaigned for the comprehensive reform of education which would result in the development of a "new breed of citizens". His proposals have been implemented in part, e.g., the Smolny Institute was inaugurated for noble maidens, in keeping with Fenelon's doctrine that girls' education was key to the moral regeneration of the corrupt modern society.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Catherine's friend Yekaterina Dashkova—sometimes viewed as a precursor of feminism—led the Russian Academy of Sciences for many years. In 1783, she instituted the Russian Academy, which she modeled after the French Academy. Seeking to promote knowledge and study of the Russian language, the Russian Academy prepared the first comprehensive dictionary of the Russian language.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Even the monolith of the Russian Orthodox Church seemed to succumb to the influences of the Enlightenment. The teachings of Platon Levshin, Metropolitan of Moscow, underlined the need for tolerance and encouraged the advancement of ecclesiastical education.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Enlightenment ideas were popularized by the nascent Russian theatre. The first Russian theater group of this kind was established in Yaroslavl by Fyodor Volkov and Ivan Dmitrievsky during Elizaveta's reign. Aleksandr Sumarokov was responsible for the repertory of their theatre.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: During Catherine's reign the leading playwrights included Denis Fonvizin, who ridiculed the rusticity of provincial gentry and their thoughtless imitation of all things French; Vladislav Ozerov, who authored a great number of Neoclassical tragedies with touches of sentimentalism; and Yakov Knyazhnin, whose drama about a popular uprising against Rurik's rule was declared Jacobin and publicly burnt in 1791.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Even Catherine's favourite poet, Gavrila Derzhavin—who sought in his odes to combine amusement with instruction—would see some of his poems banned from print during the last years of her reign.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: Opera reached Russia in 1731, when Empress Anna invited the Italian opera troupe to show "Calandro" by Giovanni Alberto Ristori during the celebration of her coronation in Moscow. In 1735 another Italian opera troupe led by composer Francesco Araja was invited to work in St. Petersburg. Araja spent 25 years in Russia and wrote 14 operas for the Russian Court including "Tsefal i Prokris" (1755), the first opera written in Russian to the libretto by Alexander Sumarokov.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: By 1796, when Emperor Paul succeeded his mother on the Russian throne, the Russian Enlightenment was very much on the wane. Although the new monarch was fiercely opposed to the French libertarian influences, he set free the radical writers imprisoned by his mother, including Novikov and Radishchev. Paul's family enjoyed recitals of didactic fables by Ivan Krylov, a fabulist whose journalistic activity had been denounced by his mother.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Russian Enlightenment

Context: The Informal Committee, instituted by Alexander I of Russia in 1801, may be viewed as the last attempt to implement the ideals of the Enlightenment in the Russian Empire. Mikhail Speransky proceeded to outline an ambitious program of political reform, but his chief propositions were not put into execution until the great reforms of Alexander II half a century later.

Question: С каким французским философом Екатерина Вторая обсуждала воспитание своего внука Александра?


Mercedes-Benz Museum

Context: The Mercedes-Benz Museum is an automobile museum in Stuttgart, Germany. It covers the history of the Mercedes-Benz brand and the brands associated with it. Stuttgart is home to the Mercedes-Benz brand and the international headquarters of the Mercedes-Benz Group.

Question: Сколько экспонатов представлено в музее Mercedes в Штуттгарте?


Mercedes-Benz Museum

Context: The building's height and "double helix" interior were designed to maximise space, providing of exhibition space on a footprint of just . The double helix also corresponds to the exhibition concept, which divides the museum into the "legend rooms" and the "collections", offering two alternative tours that can be merged at any given point of the museum.

Question: Сколько экспонатов представлено в музее Mercedes в Штуттгарте?


Mercedes-Benz Museum

Context: The museum provides visitors with free audio tours in a variety of languages. In 2007, the museum was visited by 860,000 people.

Question: Сколько экспонатов представлено в музее Mercedes в Штуттгарте?


Mercedes-Benz Museum

Context: Visitors are also offered the opportunity to take a tour of the nearby Untertürkheim engine factory. The factory produces many of the company's diesel engines.

Question: Сколько экспонатов представлено в музее Mercedes в Штуттгарте?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) is a British evolutionary biologist and author. He is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford and was Professor for Public Understanding of Science in the University of Oxford from 1995 to 2008. An atheist, he is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book "The Selfish Gene", which popularised the gene-centred view of evolution and introduced the term "meme". With his book "The Extended Phenotype" (1982), he introduced into evolutionary biology the influential concept that the phenotypic effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment. In 2006, he founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Dawkins has been awarded academic and writing awards, and he makes television, radio, and internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: He continued as a research student under Tinbergen's supervision, receiving his Doctor of Philosophy degree by 1966, and remained a research assistant for another year. Tinbergen was a pioneer in the study of animal behaviour, particularly in the areas of instinct, learning, and choice; Dawkins's research in this period concerned models of animal decision-making. He was awarded a DSc by Oxford in 1989.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: In 2011, Dawkins joined the professoriate of the New College of the Humanities, a private university in London established by A. C. Grayling, which opened in September 2012.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Dawkins is best known for his popularisation of the gene as the principal unit of selection in evolution; this view is most clearly set out in two of his books:

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Dawkins has consistently been sceptical about non-adaptive processes in evolution (such as spandrels, described by Gould and Lewontin) and about selection at levels "above" that of the gene. He is particularly sceptical about the practical possibility or importance of group selection as a basis for understanding altruism.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: In his book "The Selfish Gene", Dawkins coined the word "meme" (the behavioural equivalent of a gene) as a way to encourage readers to think about how Darwinian principles might be extended beyond the realm of genes. It was intended as an extension of his "replicators" argument, but it took on a life of its own in the hands of other authors, such as Daniel Dennett and Susan Blackmore. These popularisations then led to the emergence of memetics, a field from which Dawkins has distanced himself.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: In 2006, Dawkins founded the "Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science" ("RDFRS"), a non-profit organisation. RDFRS financed research on the psychology of belief and religion, financed scientific education programs and materials, and publicised and supported charitable organisations that are secular in nature. In January 2016, it was announced that the foundation was merging with the Center for Inquiry, with Dawkins becoming a member of the new organization's board of directors.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Dawkins has faced backlash over some of his public comments about Islam. In 2013, Dawkins tweeted "All the world's Muslims have fewer Nobel Prizes than Trinity College, Cambridge. They did great things in the Middle Ages, though.". In 2016, Dawkins' invitation to speak at the Northeast Conference on Science and Skepticism was withdrawn over his sharing of a "'highly offensive' video "mocking feminists and Islamists".

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: As a supporter of the Great Ape Project—a movement to extend certain moral and legal rights to all great apes—Dawkins contributed the article 'Gaps in the Mind' to the "Great Ape Project" book edited by Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer. In this essay, he criticises contemporary society's moral attitudes as being based on a "discontinuous, speciesist imperative".

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Dawkins has voiced his support for the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an organisation that campaigns for democratic reform in the United Nations, and the creation of a more accountable international political system.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: In 1998, in a book review published in Nature, Dawkins expressed his appreciation for two books connected with the Sokal affair, "" by Paul R. Gross and Norman Levitt and "Intellectual Impostures" by Sokal and Jean Bricmont. These books are famous for their criticism of postmodernism in U.S. universities (namely in the departments of literary studies, anthropology, and other cultural studies).

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Echoing many critics, Dawkins holds that postmodernism uses obscurantist language to hide its lack of meaningful content. As an example he quotes the psychoanalyst Félix Guattari:

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: "We can clearly see that there is no bi-univocal correspondence between linear signifying links or archi-writing, depending on the author, and this multireferential, multi-dimensional machinic catalysis."

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: This is explained, Dawkins maintains, by certain intellectuals' academic ambitions. Figures like Guattari or Lacan, according to Dawkins, have nothing to say but want to reap the benefits of reputation and fame that derive from a successful academic career:

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: "Suppose you are an intellectual impostor with nothing to say, but with strong ambitions to succeed in academic life, collect a coterie of reverent disciples and have students around the world anoint your pages with respectful yellow highlighter. What kind of literary style would you cultivate? Not a lucid one, surely, for clarity would expose your lack of content."

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Continuing a long-standing partnership with Channel 4, Dawkins participated in a five-part television series, "Genius of Britain", along with fellow scientists Stephen Hawking, James Dyson, Paul Nurse, and Jim Al-Khalili. The series was first broadcast in June 2010, and focuses on major, British, scientific achievements throughout history.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: In 1987, Dawkins received a Royal Society of Literature award and a "Los Angeles Times" Literary Prize for his book "The Blind Watchmaker". In the same year, he received a Sci. Tech Prize for Best Television Documentary Science Programme of the Year for his work on the BBC's "Horizon" episode "The Blind Watchmaker".

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: In 1996, the American Humanist Association gave him their Humanist of the Year Award, but the award was withdrawn in 2021, with the statement that he "demean[ed] marginalized groups", including transgender people, using "the guise of scientific discourse".

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Dawkins topped "Prospect" magazine's 2004 list of the top 100 public British intellectuals, as decided by the readers, receiving twice as many votes as the runner-up. He was shortlisted as a candidate in their 2008 follow-up poll. In a poll held by "Prospect" in 2013, Dawkins was voted the world's top thinker based on 65 names chosen by a largely US and UK-based expert panel.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Since 2003, the Atheist Alliance International has awarded a prize during its annual conference, honouring an outstanding atheist whose work has done the most to raise public awareness of atheism during that year; it is known as the Richard Dawkins Award, in honour of Dawkins's own efforts. In February 2010, Dawkins was named to the Freedom From Religion Foundation's Honorary Board of distinguished achievers.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: In 2012, ichthyologists in Sri Lanka honored Dawkins by creating "Dawkinsia" as a new genus name (members of this genus were formerly members of the genus "Puntius").

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: On 6 February 2016, Dawkins suffered a minor haemorrhagic stroke while at home. Dawkins reported later that same year that he had almost completely recovered.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: Dawkins has made many television appearances on news shows providing his political opinions and especially his views as an atheist. He has been interviewed on the radio, often as part of his book tours. He has debated many religious figures. He has made many university speaking appearances, again often in coordination with his book tours. As of 2016, he has over 60 credits in the Internet Movie Database where he appeared as himself.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: a. W. D. Hamilton influenced Dawkins and the influence can be seen throughout Dawkins's book "The Selfish Gene". They became friends at Oxford and following Hamilton's death in 2000, Dawkins wrote his obituary and organised a secular memorial service.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Richard Dawkins

Context: b. The debate ended with the motion "That the doctrine of creation is more valid than the theory of evolution" being defeated by 198 votes to 115.

Question: Как называется самая известная книга Кли́нтона Ри́чарда До́кинза?


Manitoba

Context: Manitoba ( ) is a province of Canada at the longitudinal centre of the country. It is Canada's fifth-most populous province, with a population of 1,342,153 as of 2021, of widely varied landscape, from arctic tundra and the Hudson Bay coastline in the north to dense boreal forest, large freshwater lakes, and prairie grassland in the central and southern regions.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Numbered Treaties were signed in the late 19th century with the chiefs of First Nations that lived in the area. They made specific promises of land for every family. As a result, a reserve system was established under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government. The prescribed amount of land promised to the native peoples was not always given; this led Indigenous groups to assert rights to the land through land claims, many of which are still ongoing.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: During the First World War, Nellie McClung started the campaign for women's votes. On January 28, 1916, the vote for women was legalized. Manitoba was the first province to allow women to vote in provincial elections. This was two years before Canada as a country granted women the right to vote.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: The Great Depression (1929–c. 1939) hit especially hard in Western Canada, including Manitoba. The collapse of the world market combined with a steep drop in agricultural production due to drought led to economic diversification, moving away from a reliance on wheat production. The Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, forerunner to the New Democratic Party of Manitoba (NDP), was founded in 1932.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: In 1990, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attempted to pass the Meech Lake Accord, a series of constitutional amendments to persuade Quebec to endorse the "Canada Act 1982". Unanimous support in the legislature was needed to bypass public consultation. Cree politician Elijah Harper opposed because he did not believe First Nations had been adequately involved in the Accord's process, and thus the Accord failed.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Glen Murray, elected in Winnipeg in 1998, became the first openly gay mayor of a large North American city. The province was impacted by major flooding in 2009 and 2011. In 2004, Manitoba became the first province in Canada to ban indoor smoking in public places. In 2013, Manitoba was the second province to introduce accessibility legislation, protecting the rights of persons with disabilities.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: The province has a saltwater coastline bordering Hudson Bay and more than 110,000 lakes, covering approximately 15.6 percent or of its surface area. Manitoba's major lakes are Lake Manitoba, Lake Winnipegosis, and Lake Winnipeg, the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world. A total of of traditional First Nations lands and boreal forest on Lake Winnipeg's east side were officially designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site known as Pimachiowin Aki in 2018.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Baldy Mountain is the province's highest point at above sea level, and the Hudson Bay coast is the lowest at sea level. Riding Mountain, the Pembina Hills, Sandilands Provincial Forest, and the Canadian Shield are also upland regions. Much of the province's sparsely inhabited north and east lie on the irregular granite Canadian Shield, including Whiteshell, Atikaki, and Nopiming Provincial Parks.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Extensive agriculture is found only in the province's southern areas, although there is grain farming in the Carrot Valley Region (near The Pas). Around 11 percent of Canada's farmland is in Manitoba.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Southern parts of the province, just north of Tornado Alley, experience tornadoes, with 16 confirmed touchdowns in 2016. In 2007, on 22 and 23 June, numerous tornadoes touched down, the largest an F5 tornado that devastated parts of Elie (the strongest recorded tornado in Canada).

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: The province's northern sections (including the city of Thompson) fall in the subarctic climate zone (Köppen climate classification "Dfc"). This region features long and extremely cold winters and brief, warm summers with little precipitation. Overnight temperatures as low as occur on several days each winter.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Manitoba natural communities may be grouped within five ecozones: boreal plains, prairie, taiga shield, boreal shield and Hudson plains. Three of these—taiga shield, boreal shield and Hudson plain—contain part of the Boreal forest of Canada which covers the province's eastern, southeastern, and northern reaches.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Forests make up about , or 48 percent, of the province's land area. The forests consist of pines (Jack Pine, Red Pine, Eastern White Pine), spruces (White Spruce, Black Spruce), Balsam Fir, Tamarack (larch), poplars (Trembling Aspen, Balsam Poplar), birches (White Birch, Swamp Birch) and small pockets of Eastern White Cedar.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Manitoba is especially noted for its northern polar bear population; Churchill is commonly referred to as the "Polar Bear Capital". Other large animals, including moose, white-tailed deer, black bears, cougars, lynx, and wolves, are common throughout the province, especially in the provincial and national parks. There is a large population of red sided garter snakes near Narcisse; the dens there are home to the world's largest concentration of snakes.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Manitoba's bird diversity is enhanced by its position on two major migration routes, with 392 confirmed identified species; 287 of these nesting within the province. These include the great grey owl, the province's official bird, and the endangered peregrine falcon.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Manitoba's lakes host 18 species of game fish, particularly species of trout, pike, and goldeye, as well as many smaller fish.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: At the 2016 census, Manitoba had a population of 1,278,365, more than half of which is in the Winnipeg Capital Region (778,489 as of the 2016 Census). Although initial colonization of the province revolved mostly around homesteading, the last century has seen a shift towards urbanization; Manitoba is the only Canadian province with over fifty-five percent of its population in a single city.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Manitoba has a moderately strong economy based largely on natural resources. Its Gross Domestic Product was C$50.834 billion in 2008. The province's economy grew 2.4 percent in 2008, the third consecutive year of growth. The average individual income in Manitoba in 2006 was C$25,100 (compared to a national average of C$26,500), ranking fifth-highest among the provinces. As of October 2009, Manitoba's unemployment rate was 5.8 percent.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: In January 2018, the Canadian Federation of Independent Business claimed Manitoba was the most improved province for tackling red tape.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: HBC control of Rupert's Land ended in 1868; when Manitoba became a province in 1870, all land became the property of the federal government, with homesteads granted to settlers for farming. Transcontinental railways were constructed to simplify trade. Manitoba's economy depended mainly on farming, which persisted until drought and the Great Depression led to further diversification.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: The Legislative Assembly consists of the 57 Members elected to represent the people of Manitoba. The premier of Manitoba is Heather Stefanson of the PC Party, after Brian Pallister's resignation. The province is represented in federal politics by 14 Members of Parliament and six Senators.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: In 2010, the provincial government of Manitoba passed the "Aboriginal Languages Recognition Act", which gives official recognition to seven indigenous languages: Cree, Dakota, Dene, Inuktitut, Michif, Ojibway and Oji-Cree.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Manitoba has fifty-four public library systems. Of these, Winnipeg Public Library has the largest collections, at 1.1 million items as of 2020.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Several prominent Canadian films were produced in Manitoba, such as "The Stone Angel", based on the Margaret Laurence book of the same title, "The Saddest Music in the World", "Foodland", "For Angela", and "My Winnipeg". Major films shot in Manitoba include "The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford" and "Capote", both of which received Academy Award nominations. "Falcon Beach", an internationally broadcast television drama, was filmed at Winnipeg Beach, Manitoba.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Winnipeg has two daily newspapers: the "Winnipeg Free Press", a broadsheet with the highest circulation numbers in Manitoba, as well as the "Winnipeg Sun", a smaller tabloid-style paper. There are several ethnic weekly newspapers, including the weekly French-language "La Liberté", and regional and national magazines based in the city. Brandon has two newspapers: the daily "Brandon Sun" and the weekly "Wheat City Journal". Many small towns have local newspapers.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: The province is represented in university athletics by the university of Manitoba Bisons, the university of Winnipeg Wesmen, and the Brandon University Bobcats. All three teams compete in the Canada West Universities Athletic Association, a regional division of U Sports.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Curling is an important winter sport in the province with Manitoba producing more men's national champions than any other province, while additionally in the top 3 women's national champions, as well as multiple world champions in the sport. The province also hosts the world's largest curling tournament in the MCA Bonspiel.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Manitoba

Context: Though not as prominent as hockey and curling, long track speed skating also features as a notable and top winter sport in Manitoba. The province has produced some of the world's best female speed skaters including Susan Auch and the country's top Olympic medal earners Cindy Klassen and Clara Hughes.

Question: Сколько русских проживало в Манито́ба в 2018?


Katie Melua

Context: The iTunes version of the album includes a cover of the Prince song "Under the Cherry Moon" as a bonus track.

Question: Какая грузинская певица попала в книгу рекордов Гиннеса в 2006 году?


Katie Melua

Context: "Some references may have turned into dead links, as deep linking to individual news paper articles is not supported (anymore): these links redirect you to the front page of that newspaper"

Question: Какая грузинская певица попала в книгу рекордов Гиннеса в 2006 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: A former spelling of the city's name in English was "Saint Petersburgh", under the influence of "burgh". This spelling survives in the name of a street in the Bayswater district of London, near St Sophia's Cathedral, named after a visit by the Tsar to London in 1814.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Swedish colonists built Nyenskans, a fortress at the mouth of the Neva River in 1611, which was later called Ingermanland, which was inhabited by Finnic tribe of Ingrians. The small town of Nyen grew up around it.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: At the end of the 17th century, Peter the Great, who was interested in seafaring and maritime affairs, wanted Russia to gain a seaport to trade with the rest of Europe. He needed a better seaport than the country's main one at the time, Arkhangelsk, which was on the White Sea in the far north and closed to shipping during the winter.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On , during the Great Northern War, Peter the Great captured Nyenskans and soon replaced the fortress. On , closer to the estuary ( inland from the gulf), on Zayachy (Hare) Island, he laid down the Peter and Paul Fortress, which became the first brick and stone building of the new city.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The style of Petrine Baroque, developed by Trezzini and other architects and exemplified by such buildings as the Menshikov Palace, Kunstkamera, Peter and Paul Cathedral, Twelve Collegia, became prominent in the city architecture of the early 18th century. In 1724 the Academy of Sciences, University and Academic Gymnasium were established in Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In 1736–1737 the city suffered from catastrophic fires. To rebuild the damaged boroughs, a committee under Burkhard Christoph von Münnich commissioned a new plan in 1737. The city was divided into five boroughs, and the city centre was moved to the Admiralty borough, on the east bank between the Neva and Fontanka.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: It developed along three radial streets, which meet at the Admiralty building and are now known as Nevsky Prospect (which is considered the main street of the city), Gorokhovaya Street and Voznesensky Avenue. Baroque architecture became dominant in the city during the first sixty years, culminating in the Elizabethan Baroque, represented most notably by Italian Bartolomeo Rastrelli with such buildings as the Winter Palace. In the 1760s, Baroque architecture was succeeded by neoclassical architecture.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Established in 1762, the Commission of Stone Buildings of Moscow and Saint Petersburg ruled no structure in the city can be higher than the Winter Palace and prohibited spacing between buildings. During the reign of Catherine the Great in the 1760s–1780s, the banks of the Neva were lined with granite embankments.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: However, it was not until 1850 that the first permanent bridge across the Neva, Annunciation Bridge, was allowed to open. Before that, only pontoon bridges were allowed. Obvodny Canal (dug in 1769–1833) became the southern limit of the city.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In 1810, Alexander I established the first engineering Higher education, the Saint Petersburg Main military engineering School in Saint Petersburg. Many monuments commemorate the Russian victory over Napoleonic France in the Patriotic War of 1812, including the Alexander Column by Montferrand, erected in 1834, and the Narva Triumphal Arch.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In 1825, the suppressed Decembrist revolt against Nicholas I took place on the Senate Square in the city, a day after Nicholas assumed the throne.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: By the 1840s, neoclassical architecture had given way to various romanticist styles, which dominated until the 1890s, represented by such architects as Andrei Stackenschneider (Mariinsky Palace, Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace, Nicholas Palace, New Michael Palace) and Konstantin Thon (Moskovsky railway station).

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: With the emancipation of the serfs undertaken by Alexander II in 1861 and an Industrial Revolution, the influx of former peasants into the capital increased greatly. Poor boroughs spontaneously emerged on the outskirts of the city. Saint Petersburg surpassed Moscow in population and industrial growth; it developed as one of the largest industrial cities in Europe, with a major naval base (in Kronstadt), river, and seaport.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On 1 September 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, the Imperial government renamed the city "Petrograd", meaning "Peter's City", to remove the German words "Sankt" and "Burg".

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In March 1917, during the February Revolution Nicholas II abdicated for himself and on behalf of his son, ending the Russian monarchy and over three hundred years of Romanov dynastic rule.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On , the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, stormed the Winter Palace in an event known thereafter as the October Revolution, which led to the end of the post-Tsarist provisional government, the transfer of all political power to the Soviets, and the rise of the Communist Party. After that the city acquired a new descriptive name, "the city of three revolutions", referring to the three major developments in the political history of Russia of the early 20th century.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In September and October 1917, German troops invaded the West Estonian archipelago and threatened Petrograd with bombardment and invasion. On 12 March 1918, the Soviets transferred the government to Moscow, to keep it away from the state border. During the Russian Civil War, in mid-1919 Russian anti-communist forces with the help of Estonians attempted to capture the city, but Leon Trotsky mobilized the army and forced them to retreat back to Estonia.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On 26 January 1924, five days after Lenin's death, Petrograd was renamed "Leningrad". Later some streets and other toponyms were renamed accordingly. The city has over 230 places associated with the life and activities of Lenin. Some of them were turned into museums, including the cruiser "Aurora"—a symbol of the October Revolution and the oldest ship in the Russian Navy.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In December 1931, Leningrad was administratively separated from Leningrad Oblast. At that time it included the Leningrad Suburban District, some parts of which were transferred back to Leningrad Oblast in 1936 and turned into Vsevolozhsky District, Krasnoselsky District, Pargolovsky District and Slutsky District (renamed Pavlovsky District in 1944).

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On 1 December 1934, Sergey Kirov, the popular communist leader of Leningrad, was assassinated, which became the pretext for the Great Purge. In Leningrad, approximately 40,000 were executed during Stalin's purges.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: During World War II, German forces besieged Leningrad following the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. The siege lasted 872 days, or almost two and a half years, from 8 September 1941 to 27 January 1944.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The Siege of Leningrad proved one of the longest, most destructive, and most lethal sieges of a major city in modern history. It isolated the city from food supplies except those provided through the Road of Life across Lake Ladoga, which could not make it through until the lake literally froze. More than one million civilians were killed, mainly from starvation. Many others escaped or were evacuated, so the city became largely depopulated.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On 12 June 1991, simultaneously with the first Russian presidential elections, the city authorities arranged for the mayoral elections and a referendum upon the city's name, when the name reverted to Saint Petersburg. The turnout was 65%; 66.13% of the total count of votes went to Anatoly Sobchak, who became the first directly elected mayor of the city.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In 1996, Vladimir Yakovlev defeated Anatoly Sobchak in the elections for the head of the city administration. The title of the city head was changed from "mayor" to "governor". In 2000 Yakovlev won re-election. His second term expired in 2004; the long-awaited restoration of the broken subway connection was expected to finish by that time. But in 2003 Yakovlev suddenly resigned, leaving the governor's office to Valentina Matviyenko.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The law on election of the City Governor was changed, breaking the tradition of democratic election by universal suffrage. In 2006 the city legislature re-approved Matviyenko as governor. Residential building had intensified again; real-estate prices inflated greatly, which caused many new problems for the preservation of the historical part of the city.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The area of Saint Petersburg city proper is . The area of the federal subject is , which contains Saint Petersburg proper (consisting of eighty-one municipal "okrugs"), nine municipal towns – (Kolpino, Krasnoye Selo, Kronstadt, Lomonosov, Pavlovsk, Petergof, Pushkin, Sestroretsk, Zelenogorsk) – and twenty-one municipal settlements.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Since the 18th century, the city's terrain has been raised artificially, at some places by more than , making mergers of several islands, and changing the hydrology of the city. Besides the Neva and its tributaries, other important rivers of the federal subject of Saint Petersburg are Sestra, Okhta and Izhora. The largest lake is Sestroretsky Razliv in the north, followed by Lakhtinsky Razliv, Suzdal Lakes, and other smaller lakes.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Due to its northerly location at c. 60° N latitude the day length in Petersburg varies across seasons, ranging from 5 hours 53 minutes to 18 hours 50 minutes. A period from mid-May to mid-July during which twilight may last all night is called "the white nights".

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg is about from the border with Finland, connected to it via the M10 highway (E18), along which there is also a connection to the historic city of Vyborg.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Under the Köppen climate classification, Saint Petersburg is classified as "Dfb", a humid continental climate. The distinct moderating influence of Baltic Sea cyclones results in warm, humid, and short summers and long, moderately cold wet winters. The climate of Saint Petersburg is close to that of Helsinki, although colder in winter and warmer in summer because of its more eastern location.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Average annual precipitation varies across the city, averaging per year and reaching maximum in late summer. Due to the cool climate, soil moisture is almost always high because of lower evapotranspiration. Air humidity is 78% on average, and there are, on average, 165 overcast days per year.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In the 1830s Alexander Pushkin translated the "foreign" city name of "Saint Petersburg" to the more Russian "Petrograd" in one of his poems. However, it was only on , after the war with Germany had begun, that Tsar Nicholas II renamed the capital to Petrograd. Since the prefix "Saint" was omitted, this act also changed the eponym and the "patron" of the city from Saint Peter to Peter the Great, its founder.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: After the October Revolution the name "Red Petrograd" (Красный Петроград, "Krasny Petrograd") was often used in newspapers and other prints until the city was renamed "Leningrad" in January 1924.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: A referendum on reversing the renaming of "Leningrad" was held on 12 June 1991, with 54.86% of voters (with a turnout of 65%) supporting "Saint Petersburg". Renaming the city "Petrograd" was not an option. This change officially took effect on 6 September 1991. Meanwhile, the oblast whose administrative center is also in Saint Petersburg is still named Leningrad.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia. As of the 2017 Rosstat, the federal subject's population is 5,281,579 or 3.6% of the total population of Russia; up from 4,879,566 (3.4%) recorded in the 2010 Census, and up from 5,023,506 recorded in the 1989 Census.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: 2010 – 1.38 | 2011 – 1.38 | 2012 – 1.48 | 2013 – 1.48 | 2014 – 1.52 | 2015 – 1.59 | 2016 – 1.63 | 2017 – 1.50 | 2018 – 1.47 | 2019 – 1.40 | 2020 – 1.37

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: According to various opinion polls, more than half of the residents of Saint Petersburg "believe in God" (up to 67% according to VTsIOM data for 2002).

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Among the believers, the overwhelming majority of the residents of the city are Orthodox (57.5%), followed by small minority communities of Muslims (0.7%), Protestants (0.6%), and Catholics (0.5%), and Buddhists (0.1%).

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In total, roughly 59% of the population of the city is Christian, of which over 90% are Orthodox. Non-Abrahamic religions and other faiths are represented by only 1.2% of the total population.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: There are 268 communities of confessions and religious associations in the city: the Russian Orthodox Church (130 associations), Pentecostalism (23 associations), the Lutheranism (19 associations), Baptism (13 associations), as well as Old Believers, Roman Catholic Church, Armenian Apostolic Church, Georgian Orthodox Church, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Judaism, Buddhist, Muslim, Bahá'í and others.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: 229 religious buildings in the city are owned or run by religious associations. Among them are architectural monuments of federal significance. The oldest cathedral in the city is the Peter and Paul Cathedral, built between 1712–1733, and the largest is the Kazan Cathedral, completed in 1811.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg is a federal subject of Russia (a federal city). The political life of Saint Petersburg is regulated by the Charter of Saint Petersburg adopted by the city legislature in 1998. The superior executive body is the Saint Petersburg City Administration, led by the city governor (mayor before 1996). Saint Petersburg has a single-chamber legislature, the Saint Petersburg Legislative Assembly, which is the city's regional parliament.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg is also the unofficial but "de facto" administrative centre of Leningrad Oblast, and of the Northwestern Federal District. The Constitutional Court of Russia moved to Saint Petersburg from Moscow in May 2008.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast, being two different federal subjects, share a number of local departments of federal executive agencies and courts, such as court of arbitration, police, FSB, postal service, drug enforcement administration, penitentiary service, federal registration service, and other federal services.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Ten per cent of the world's power turbines are made there at the LMZ, which built over two thousand turbines for power plants across the world. Major local industries are Admiralty Shipyard, Baltic Shipyard, LOMO, Kirov Plant, Elektrosila, Izhorskiye Zavody; also registered in Saint Petersburg are Sovkomflot, Petersburg Fuel Company and SIBUR among other major Russian and international companies.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The Port of Saint Petersburg has three large cargo terminals, Bolshoi Port Saint Petersburg, Kronstadt, and Lomonosov terminal. International cruise liners have been served at the passenger port at Morskoy Vokzal on the south-west of Vasilyevsky Island. In 2008 the first two berths opened at the New Passenger Port on the west of the island. The new passenger terminal is part of the city's "Marine Facade" development project and was due to have seven berths in operation by 2010.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: A complex system of riverports on both banks of the Neva River are interconnected with the system of seaports, thus making Saint Petersburg the main link between the Baltic Sea and the rest of Russia through the Volga-Baltic Waterway.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In 2007, Toyota opened a Camry plant after investing 5 billion roubles (approx. 200 mln dollars) in Shushary, one of the southern suburbs of Saint Petersburg. Opel, Hyundai and Nissan have also signed deals with the Russian government to build their automotive plants in Saint Petersburg. The automotive and auto-parts industry is on the rise there during the last decade.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg has a large brewery and distillery industry. Known as Russia's "beer capital" due to the supply and quality of local water, its five large breweries account for over 30% of the country's domestic beer production. They include Europe's second-largest brewery Baltika, Vena (both operated by BBH), Heineken Brewery, Stepan Razin (both by Heineken) and Tinkoff brewery (SUN-InBev).

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The city's many local distilleries produce a broad range of vodka brands. The oldest ones is (founded in 1897). Among the youngest is Russian Standard Vodka introduced in Moscow in 1998, which opened in 2006 a new $60 million distillery in Petersburg (an area of , production rate of 22,500 bottles per hour). In 2007 this brand was exported to over 70 countries.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg has the second-largest construction industry in Russia, including commercial, housing, and road construction.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In 2006, Saint Petersburg's city budget was 180 billion rubles (about 7 billion US$ at 2006 exchange rates). The federal subject's Gross Regional Product was 3.7 trillion Russian rubles (or around US$70 billion), ranked 2nd in Russia, after Moscow and per capita of US$13,000, ranked 12th among Russia's federal subjects, contributed mostly by wholesale and retail trade and repair services (24.7%) as well as processing industry (20.9%) and transportation and telecommunications (15.1%).

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Budget revenues of the city in 2009 amounted to 294.3 billion rubles (about 10.044 billion US$ at 2009 exchange rates), expenses – 336.3 billion rubles (about 11.477 billion US$ at 2009 exchange rates). The budget deficit amounted to about 42 billion rubles. (about 1.433 billion US$ at 2009 exchange rates)

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In 2015, St. Petersburg was ranked in 4th place economically amongst all federal subjects of the Russian Federation, surpassed only by Moscow, the Tyumen and Moscow Region.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On the southern, left bank of the Neva, connected to the spit of Vasilyevsky Island via the Palace Bridge, lie the Admiralty building, the vast Hermitage Museum complex stretching along the Palace Embankment, which includes the Baroque Winter Palace, former official residence of Russian emperors, as well as the neoclassical Marble Palace. The Winter Palace faces Palace Square, the city's main square with the Alexander Column.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The Alexander Nevsky Lavra, intended to house the relics of St. Alexander Nevsky, is an important centre of Christian education in Russia. It also contains the Tikhvin Cemetery with graves of many notable Petersburgers.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Other symbols of Saint Petersburg include the weather vane in the shape of a small ship on top of the Admiralty's golden spire and the golden angel on top of the Peter and Paul Cathedral. The Palace Bridge drawn at night is yet another symbol of the city.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Since around the end of the 20th century a great deal of active building and restoration works have been carried out in a number of the city's older districts.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The authorities have recently been compelled to transfer the ownership of state-owned private residences in the city centre to private lessors.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Some of these structures, such as the Saint Petersburg Commodity and Stock Exchange have been recognised as town-planning errors.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg is home to many parks and gardens. Some of the most well-known are in the southern suburbs, including Pavlovsk, one of Europe's largest English gardens. Sosnovka is the largest park within the city limits, occupying 240 ha. The Summer Garden is the oldest, dating back to the early 18th century and designed in the regular style. It is on the Neva's southern bank at the head of the Fontanka and is famous for its cast iron railing and marble sculptures.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list as an area with 36 historical architectural complexes and around 4000 outstanding individual monuments of architecture, history and culture. New tourist programs and sightseeing tours have been developed for those wishing to see Saint Petersburg's cultural heritage.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The city has 221 museums, 2,000 libraries, more than 80 theatres, 100 concert organizations, 45 galleries and exhibition halls, 62 cinemas, and 80 other cultural establishments. Every year the city hosts around 100 festivals and various competitions of art and culture, including more than 50 international ones.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: All major Russian newspapers are active in Saint Petersburg. The city has a developed telecommunications system. In 2014, Rostelecom, the national operator, announced the beginning of a major modernization of the fixed-line network in the city.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The Kunstkamera, with its collection established in 1714 by Peter the Great to collect curiosities from all over the world, is sometimes considered the first museum in Russia, which has evolved into the present-day Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. The Russian Ethnography Museum, which has been split from the Russian Museum, is devoted to the cultures of the people of Russia, the former Soviet Union and Russian Empire.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: A number of museums provide insight into the Soviet history of Saint Petersburg, including the Museum of the Blockade, which describes the Siege of Leningrad and the Museum of Political History, which explains many authoritarian features of the USSR.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Among the city's more than fifty theatres is the Mariinsky Theatre (formerly known as the Kirov Theatre), home to the Mariinsky Ballet company and opera. Leading ballet dancers, such as Vaslav Nijinsky, Anna Pavlova, Rudolph Nureyev, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Galina Ulanova and Natalia Makarova, were principal stars of the Mariinsky ballet.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The Imperial Choral Capella was founded and modelled after the royal courts of other European capitals.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Today's Saint Petersburg boasts many notable musicians of various genres, from popular Leningrad's Sergei Shnurov, Tequilajazzz, Splean, and Korol i Shut, to rock veterans Yuri Shevchuk, Vyacheslav Butusov, and Mikhail Boyarsky. In the early 2000s the city saw a wave of popularity of metalcore, rapcore, and emocore, and there are bands such as Amatory, Kirpichi, Psychea, Stigmata, Grenouer and Animal Jazz.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The White Nights Festival in Saint Petersburg is famous for spectacular fireworks and a massive show celebrating the end of the school year.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The rave band Little Big also hails from Saint Petersburg. Their music video for "Skibidi" was filmed in the city, starting at Akademicheskiy Pereulok.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Several international film festivals are held annually, such as the Festival of Festivals, Saint Petersburg, as well as the Message to Man International Documentary Film Festival, since its inauguration in 1988 during the White Nights.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: St Petersburg has a number of dramatic theatres and drama schools. These include the Student Theatre on Mokhovaya Street. , Leteiny Theatre and Youth Theatre on the Fontanka.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Leningrad hosted part of the association football tournament during the 1980 Summer Olympics. The 1994 Goodwill Games were also held here.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In boating, the first competition here was the 1703 rowing event initiated by Peter the Great, after the victory over the Swedish fleet. The Russian Navy held Yachting events since the foundation of the city. Yacht clubs: St. Petersburg River Yacht Club, Neva Yacht Club, the latter is the oldest yacht club in the world. In the winter, when the sea and lake surfaces are frozen and yachts and dinghies cannot be used, local people sail ice boats.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Equestrianism has been a long tradition, popular among the Tsars and aristocracy, as well as part of military training. Several historic sports arenas were built for equestrianism since the 18th century to maintain training all year round, such as the Zimny Stadion and Konnogvardeisky Manezh.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Chess tradition was highlighted by the 1914 international tournament, partially funded by the Tsar, in which the title "Grandmaster" was first formally conferred by Russian Tsar Nicholas II to five players: Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine, Tarrasch and Marshall.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The city's long-time basketball team is BC Spartak Saint Petersburg, which launched the career of Andrei Kirilenko. BC Spartak Saint Petersburg won two championships in the USSR Premier League (1975 and 1992), two USSR Cups (1978 and 1987), and a Russian Cup title (2011). They also won the Saporta Cup twice (1973 and 1975). Legends of the club include Alexander Belov and Vladimir Kondrashin. The city also has a new basketball team, BC Zenit Saint Petersburg.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Citing the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, UEFA removed St Petersburg as host for the 2022 UEFA Champions League Final in February 2022.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg is a major transport hub. The first Russian railway was built here in 1837, and since then the city's transport infrastructure has kept pace with the city's growth. Petersburg has an extensive system of local roads and railway services, maintains a large public transport system that includes the Saint Petersburg tram and the Saint Petersburg Metro, and is home to several riverine services that convey passengers around the city efficiently and in relative comfort.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The city is connected to the rest of Russia and the wider world by several federal highways and national and international rail routes. Pulkovo Airport serves most of the air passengers departing from or arriving to the city.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg has an extensive city-funded network of public transport (buses, trams, trolleybuses) and several hundred routes served by "marshrutkas". Trams in Saint Petersburg used to be the main means of transport; in the 1980s this was the largest tram network globally, but many tracks were dismantled in the 2000s.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Buses carry up to three million passengers daily, serving over 250 urban and a number of suburban bus routes. Saint Petersburg Metro underground rapid transit system was opened in 1955; it now has 5 lines with 72 stations, connecting all five railway terminals, and carrying 2.3 million passengers daily. Metro stations are often elaborately decorated with materials such as marble and bronze.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: As of 2018, the Saint Petersburg Metro will include new stations: Prospekt Slavy, Dunayskaya, Shushary, Begovaya, and Novokrestovskaya, the latter built specifically to offer convenient access to the stadium during the 2018 FIFA World Cup games and games played by FC Zenit.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Traffic jams are common in the city due to daily commuter traffic volumes, intercity traffic and excessive winter snow. The construction of freeways such as the Saint Petersburg Ring Road, completed in 2011, and the Western High-Speed Diameter, completed in 2017, helped reduce the traffic in the city. The M11 Neva, also known as the Moscow-Saint Petersburg Motorway, is a federal highway, and connects Saint Petersburg to Moscow by a freeway.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Saint Petersburg is an important transport corridor linking Scandinavia to Russia and Eastern Europe. The city is a node of the international European routes E18 towards Helsinki, E20 towards Tallinn, E95 towards Pskov, Kyiv and Odessa and E105 towards Petrozavodsk, Murmansk and Kirkenes (north) and towards Moscow and Kharkiv (south).

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The city is also served by passenger and cargo seaports in the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea, the river port higher up the Neva and tens of smaller passenger stations on both banks of the Neva river. It is a terminus of both the Volga-Baltic and White Sea-Baltic waterways.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The first high bridge that does not need to be drawn, the Big Obukhovsky Bridge opened in 2004. Meteor hydrofoils link the city centre to the coastal towns of Kronstadt and Shlisselburg from May through October. In the warmer months many smaller boats and water-taxis navigate the city's canals.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The shipping company St. Peter Line operates two ferries that sail from Helsinki to Saint Petersburg and from Stockholm to Saint Petersburg.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: The Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway opened in 1851, and is long; the commute to Moscow now requires from three and a half to nine hours.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: In 2009 Russian Railways launched a high speed service for the Moscow–Saint Petersburg route. The new train, known as Sapsan, is a derivative of the popular Siemens Velaro train; various versions of this already operate in some European countries. It set records for the fastest train in Russia on 2 May 2009, travelling at and on 7 May 2009, traveling at .

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Since 12 December 2010 Karelian Trains, a joint venture between Russian Railways and VR (Finnish Railways), has been running Alstom Pendolino operated high-speed services between Saint Petersburg's Finlyandsky and Helsinki's Central railway stations. These services are branded as "Allegro" trains. "Allegro" is known for suffering some big technical problems from time to time, which sometimes result in significant delays and even cancellation of tourists' trips.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: There is a regular rapid-bus connection (buses 39, 39E, K39) between Pulkovo airport and the Moskovskaya metro station as well as 24/7 taxi service.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: List of sister cities to Saint Petersburg as it appears on the official portal of the City Government, listing both sister cities and partnership ties:

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: Milan and Venice were formerly twin cities of Saint Petersburg, but suspended this link due to St Petersburg's ban on "gay propaganda". Milan suspended the relationship with Saint Petersburg on 23 November 2012 and Venice did so on 28 January 2013.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On 3 March 2022, Gdańsk and Warsaw terminated the cooperation with Saint Petersburg as a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On 10 March 2022, Danish city Aarhus suspended its affiliation with Skt. Petersburg indefinitely due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Saint Petersburg

Context: On 11 March 2022, Melbourne, Australia suspended its sister city relationship with St. Petersburg due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Question: Какое среднее время ожидания троллейбуса в Санкт-Петербурге в 2019 году?


Russians in Lithuania

Context: First early settlements of Ruthenians in Lithuania proper date back to late medieval ages when the first proto-Russian merchants and craftsmen began to permanently reside in several Lithuanian towns. In the late 17th century they were joined by many Russian Old Believers who settled in eastern Lithuania, escaping religious persecution in Russia.

Question: Сколько русских живет в Литве в 2019 году?


Russians in Lithuania

Context: As the war drew to a close, the Soviet Union resumed its occupation of the Baltic states in 1944–1945. Western democracies did not recognize the Soviet occupation.

Question: Сколько русских живет в Литве в 2019 году?


Russians in Lithuania

Context: After Stalin's death in 1953, the government of the Lithuanian SSR, led by the "communist nationalist" Antanas Sniečkus, objected to the resettlement policies and managed to slow down the influx of Russians by letting Lithuanians fill some of the higher party positions. The flow of immigrants did not stop entirely, and there were further waves of Russian workers who came to work on major construction projects, such as power plants.

Question: Сколько русских живет в Литве в 2019 году?


Russians in Lithuania

Context: At the last Soviet census in 1989, 9.4 percent of Lithuania's population were ethnic Russians, with a few more percent comprising other Soviet nationalities.

Question: Сколько русских живет в Литве в 2019 году?


Russians in Lithuania

Context: Russians who reside in Lithuania live mainly in urban areas. In Vilnius they make up 13% of the population, and 28% in Klaipėda. Kaunas has just 4.4% ethnic Russians. The town of Visaginas was built for workers at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant and therefore has an ethnic Russian majority (56%).

Question: Сколько русских живет в Литве в 2019 году?


Alpine swift

Context: The genus name is from the Ancient Greek "takhus", "fast", and "marptis", "seizer". The specific name "melba" comes from ‘melano-alba’ or ‘mel-alba’, the two colours that Linnaeus referred to these in his description. A total of ten sub-species are currently recognised (see distribution below).

Question: Какая птица может летать дольше всего без отдыха?


Alpine swift

Context: Diet was mainly arthropods, principally insects but also spiders. Insects across 10 orders and 79 families were documented in the diets of individuals from Africa and Europe, the Homoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera being the most often consumed.

Question: Какая птица может летать дольше всего без отдыха?


Geography of Israel

Context: The geography of Israel is very diverse, with desert conditions in the south, and snow-capped mountains in the north. Israel is located at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea in Western Asia. It is bounded to the north by Lebanon, the northeast by Syria, the east by Jordan and the West Bank, and to the southwest by Egypt. To the west of Israel is the Mediterranean Sea, which makes up the majority of Israel's coastline, and the Gaza Strip. Israel has a small coastline on the Red Sea in the south.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: Israel's area is approximately , which includes of inland water. Israel stretches from north to south, and its width ranges from at its widest point to at its narrowest point. It has an Exclusive Economic Zone of .

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: The Israeli-occupied territories include the West Bank, , East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights, . Geographical features in these territories will be noted as such. Of these areas, Israel has annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, an act not recognized by the international community.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: Israel lies to the north of the equator around 31°30' north latitude and 34°45' east longitude. It measures from north to south and, at its widest point , from east to west. At its narrowest point, however, this is reduced to just . It has a land frontier of and a coastline of . It is ranked 153 on the List of countries and outlying territories by total area.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: The statistics provided by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics include the annexed East Jerusalem and Golan Heights, but exclude the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The population of Israel includes Israeli settlers in the West Bank. The route of the Israeli West Bank barrier incorporates some parts of the West Bank.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: Israel is divided into four physiographic regions: the Mediterranean coastal plain, the Central Hills, the Jordan Rift Valley and the Negev Desert.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: The Negev Desert comprises approximately , more than half of Israel's total land area. Geographically it is an extension of the Sinai Desert, forming a rough triangle with its base in the north near Beersheba, the Dead Sea, and the southern Judean Mountains, and it has its apex in the southern tip of the country at Eilat. Topographically, it parallels the other regions of the country, with lowlands in the west, hills in the central portion, and the Arava valley as its eastern border.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: Israel is divided east–west by a mountain range running north to south along the coast. Jerusalem sits on the top of this ridge, east of which lies the Dead Sea graben which is a pull-apart basin on the Dead Sea Transform fault.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: The numerous limestone and sandstone layers of the Israeli mountains serve as aquifers through which water flows from the west flank to the east. Several springs have formed along the Dead Sea, each an oasis, most notably the oases at Ein Gedi and Ein Bokek (Neve Zohar) where settlements have developed. Israel also has a number of areas of karst topography. Caves in the region have been used for thousands of years as shelter, storage rooms, barns and as places of public gatherings.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: The far northern coastline of the country has some chalk landscapes best seen at Rosh HaNikra, a chalk cliff into which a series of grottoes have been eroded.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: The Jordan Rift Valley is the result of tectonic movements within the Dead Sea Transform (DSF) fault system. The DSF forms the transform boundary between the African Plate to the west and the Arabian Plate to the east. The Golan Heights and all of Jordan are part of the Arabian Plate, while the Galilee, West Bank, Coastal Plain, and Negev along with the Sinai Peninsula are on the African Plate. This tectonic disposition leads to a relatively high seismic activity in the region.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: The entire Jordan Valley segment is thought to have ruptured repeatedly, for instance during the last two major earthquakes along this structure in 749 and 1033. The deficit in slip that has built up since the 1033 event is sufficient to cause an earthquake of ~7.4.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?


Geography of Israel

Context: South of the Kinneret lies the saltwater Dead Sea which forms the border between Israel and Jordan and is below sea level, making it the lowest water surface on Earth. The Dead Sea is long with a maximum width of and also makes up part of the Rift Valley. A peninsula juts out into the lake from the eastern shore, south of which the lake is shallow, less than deep. To the north is the lake's greatest depth.

Question: Как называется самая длинная река Израиля?