Erwin Schulhoff

Context: Downes reported that following the performance Schulhoff played American ragtime numbers on piano at a local inn "till the walls tottered".

Question: エルヴィン・シュルホフのお墓はどこにある？


Erwin Schulhoff

Context: In 1928, the Flonzaley Quartet played the String Quartet No. 1 at their farewell New York concert between works of Beethoven and Brahms, and it was greeted enthusiastically. A 1930 performance of Schulhoff's "Partita" by Walter Gieseking proved to be the audience's favorite work of the recital "to judge from the applause and laughter" wrote one reviewer, "which greeted the sections bearing such titles as 'All Art Is Useless' and 'Alexander, Alexander, You Are a Salamander'."

Question: エルヴィン・シュルホフのお墓はどこにある？


Erwin Schulhoff

Context: He composed his Concerto for String Quartet and Wind Orchestra in 1930, which provides, in one critic's estimation, "a fascinating inversion of the traditional concerto grosso style, with winds providing the framework of the piece as a whole, within which the string quartet appears as contrast and solo."

Question: エルヴィン・シュルホフのお墓はどこにある？


Erwin Schulhoff

Context: In the 1930s, Schulhoff faced mounting personal and professional difficulties. Because of his Jewish descent and his radical politics, he and his works were labelled "degenerate" and blacklisted by the Nazi regime. He could no longer give recitals in Germany, nor could his works be performed publicly.

Question: エルヴィン・シュルホフのお墓はどこにある？


Erwin Schulhoff

Context: Schulhoff went through a number of distinct stylistic periods, ranging, in Anne Midgette's words, "from the endearing self-consciousness of talented youth in the Suite for Chamber Orchestra to the fierce somber aggression of the Fifth Symphony." She found that even as his style changed there was a certain commonality, so that even the "angular, forceful, even raw style" of the late Fifth Symphony reflected "the late Romantic tradition of orchestral color".

Question: エルヴィン・シュルホフのお墓はどこにある？


Erwin Schulhoff

Context: His jazz oratorio "H.M.S. Royal Oak" is based on the true story of a naval mutiny against a superior who prohibits jazz on board HMS Royal Oak.

Question: エルヴィン・シュルホフのお墓はどこにある？


Erwin Schulhoff

Context: The final period of his career was dedicated to socialist realism, with Communist ideology frequently in the foreground.

Question: エルヴィン・シュルホフのお墓はどこにある？


Erwin Schulhoff

Context: The papers of conferences in Cologne (1992) and in Düsseldorf (1994) focused on Schulhoff's work have been published.

Question: エルヴィン・シュルホフのお墓はどこにある？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Wynette was called the "First Lady of Country Music", and her best-known song is "Stand by Your Man", which she co-wrote. Many of her hits dealt with themes of loneliness, divorce, and the difficulties of life and relationships. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Wynette charted 20 No. 1 songs on the "Billboard" Country Chart. Along with Loretta Lynn, Lynn Anderson, and Dolly Parton, she is credited with having defined the role of women in country music during the 1970s.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: in 1996. Her recording of "Stand by Your Man" was ranked as No. 473 on Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time", and her recording of "D-I-V-O-R-C-E" ranked as No. 69 on "Rolling Stone"'s "100 Greatest Country Songs of All Time". Country Music Television ranked Wynette No. 2 on its list of "40 Greatest Women of Country Music" in 2002.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: "She ... became the standard-bearer of an elaborately orchestrated Nashville sound, with pedal steel guitars underlined by strings and backup choruses," prominent music critic Jon Pareles wrote in Wynette's "New York Times" obituary.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Wynette's 1969 marriage to George Jones, himself a future Country Music Hall of Fame inductee, created a country music supercouple, following the earlier success of Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash. Though they divorced in 1975, Wynette and Jones recorded a series of albums and singles together that hit the charts throughout the 1970s and early 1980s.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: During their marriage, Byrd and Wynette fought often. After becoming pregnant again, Wynette asked Euple to leave but he kept returning. After one argument, Wynette suffered a "nervous breakdown", according to biographer John McDonough. She was brought to the hospital, diagnosed with depression and given 12 rounds of electric shock treatment. Once returning, she insisted on filing for divorce. However, her mother disapproved and Wynette secretly moved with her children to Birmingham, Alabama.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: In 1986, Wynette joined the cast of the CBS now-defunct soap opera "Capitol" on March 25, 1986, playing the role of a hair stylist-turned-singer, Darlene Stankowski.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: In late 1991, Wynette recorded a song with the British group The KLF titled "Justified and Ancient (Stand by the JAMs)", which became a No. 1 hit in eighteen countries the following year, and reached No. 11 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the United States.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: In 1993, Wynette recorded a studio album with fellow country icons and friends Lynn and Parton. "Honky Tonk Angels" was certified Gold by the RIAA the following year after selling more than 500,000 copies.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: In 1994, she recorded a studio album of duets with notable other stars from country and other genres. "Without Walls", which would be her final solo studio album, included tracks where Wynette duetted with the likes of Elton John, Smokey Robinson and Sting, along with fellow country stars including Wynonna and Lyle Lovett.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: The following year, she re-teamed with her former husband and singing partner Jones to record "One". The President and First Lady of Country Music's first album together in 15 years would be the First Lady's final studio album.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: The song "established Ms. Wynette in the role of a long-suffering but determinedly loyal wife, holding the family together even when her husband strayed," Pareles wrote in the New York Times obituary. "Her voice had a husky center, with melancholy balanced by determination; she sounded like an Everywoman with unexpected reserves of strength and affection."

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Wynette was married five times: to Euple Byrd (married April 1960 – divorced 1966), with whom she had three daughters; to Don Chapel (m. 1967 – annulled 1968); to George Jones (m. February 16, 1969 – divorced March 21, 1975); to Michael Tomlin (m. July 18, 1976 – a. September 1976) for 44 days; and to singer-songwriter George Richey (m. July 6, 1978 – her death April 6, 1998).

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Wynette's second husband, Chapel, was a singer and songwriter. Born Lloyd Franklin Amburgey in Kentucky, Chapel penned George Jones' 1969 hit "When the Grass Grows Over Me." Wynette and Chapel had no children. Chapel died in 2015.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Wynette and Jones had one biological child, daughter Tamala Georgette Jones (born October 5, 1970). Georgette Jones is also a country singer today and frequently pays tribute to her mother in her performances. George Jones also legally adopted Wynette's oldest daughters Gwen, Jackie and Tina Byrd shortly after he and Wynette married.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: In the mid-1970s, Wynette was linked romantically with actor Burt Reynolds and they remained good friends up to Wynette's sudden death. Wynette was also linked romantically with Rudy Gatlin of the Gatlin Brothers.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Richey, born George Baker Richardson, was a successful Nashville songwriter and producer. He wrote two of Wynette's hits, "'Til I Can Make It on My Own" and "You and Me." He also wrote two hits for Wynette's ex-husband Jones: "The Grand Tour" and "A Picture of Me (Without You)". He also served as Wynette's manager throughout much of the 1980s. Richey died in 2010.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Wynette was reported to be kidnapped at gunpoint at a Nashville shopping mall on October 4, 1978. She claimed the masked attacker physically assaulted and abandoned her south of Nashville. Wynette was documented with bruises and a broken cheekbone. One of Wynette's children, Jackie Byrd Daly, in her 2000 memoir, wrote that her mother had confessed to her that the kidnapping was a hoax to cover up domestic violence from her fifth husband, George Richey. Richey denied the allegation.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Wynette had many serious physical ailments beginning in the 1970s. After the birth of her daughter Georgette, Wynette had an appendectomy and a hysterectomy. Complications from the hysterectomy included adhesions which later formed into keloids. She developed a chronic inflammation of the bile duct and was hospitalized numerous times over the remainder of her life.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Wynette also developed a serious addiction to painkiller medication in the 1980s. However, in 1986, she sought help, entering the Betty Ford Center for drug treatment that year.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Just after Christmas 1994, Wynette woke in the middle of the night with severe pain and was rushed to Baptist Hospital (now Saint Thomas Midtown Hospital) in Nashville, Tennessee. She was comatose for days as a result of a bile duct infection. Once she was out of the coma, she underwent another operation. She resumed touring not long afterwards.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: After years of medical problems that resulted in numerous hospitalizations, roughly 26 major operations and an addiction to pain medication, Wynette died on April 6, 1998, at the age of 55 while sleeping on her couch in her Nashville, Tennessee, home. Wynette's doctor from Pennsylvania said she died of a blood clot in her lung. Despite her persistent illnesses, she continued to perform until shortly before her death and had other performances scheduled.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: In March 2012, the name on Wynette's tomb was changed from "Tammy Wynette" to "Virginia W. Richardson", the star's legal married name at the time of her death. In March 2014, the name on the tomb was changed back.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: In 2010 the State of Mississippi designated a segment of Mississippi Highway 23 the Tammy Wynette Memorial Highway. The stretch of road is in Itawamba County, where Wynette was born in 1942.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: Also that year, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville opened an extended exhibit showcasing Wynette's life and career. Titled "Tammy Wynette: First Lady of Country Music," the exhibit ran from August 2010 to June 2011.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: In 2022, Wynette was honored in Brazil. Her daughter Georgette Jones was among those participating in the tribute, which was aired by the Canal Pouco Recurso News.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Tammy Wynette

Context: A limited series that will focus on Wynette and Jones' marriage is currently in production, with actress Jessica Chastain set to play Wynette and actor Michael Shannon playing Jones. The series is based on Georgette Jones' memoir and is currently set to initially appear on the Spectrum streaming service.

Question: タミー・ワイネットが生まれたのはいつ？


Three Kingdoms

Context: The Three Kingdoms () from 220 to 280 AD was the tripartite division of China among the dynastic states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. The Three Kingdoms period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and was followed by the Western Jin dynasty. The short-lived state of Yan on the Liaodong Peninsula, which lasted from 237 to 238, is sometimes considered as a "4th kingdom".

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: To distinguish the three states from other historical Chinese states of the same names, historians have added a relevant character to the state's original name: the state that called itself "Wei" () is also known as "Cao Wei" (), the state that called itself "Han" () is also known as "Shu Han" () or just "Shu" (), and the state that called itself "Wu" () is also known as "Eastern Wu" () or "Sun Wu" ().

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: The English-language term "Three Kingdoms" is something of a misnomer, since each state was eventually headed not by a king, but by an emperor who claimed suzerainty over all China. Nevertheless, the term "Three Kingdoms" has become standard among English-speaking sinologists.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: There is no set time period for the era. Strictly speaking, the Three Kingdoms, or independent states, only existed from the proclamation of the Eastern Wu ruler to be emperor in 229 until the downfall of Shu Han in 263. Another interpretation of the period is that it began with the decline of the Han royal house. According to Mao Zonggang, a commentator on the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", in his commentary on Chapter 120 of the novel:

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Mao Zonggang suggests that the historiography of the Three Kingdoms began with the rise of the Ten Eunuchs. He further argues that the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" defines the end of the era as 280, the downfall of Wan, justifying:

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Several other starting points for the period are given by Chinese historians: during the final years of the Han dynasty, such as the Yellow Turban Rebellion in 184; the year after the beginning of the rebellion, 185; Dong Zhuo deposing Emperor Shao of Han and enthroning Emperor Xian of Han in 189; Dong Zhuo sacking Luoyang and moving the capital to Chang'an in 190; or Cao Cao placing the emperor under his control in Xuchang in 196.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Dong Zhuo, confident in his success, was slain by his follower Lü Bu, who plotted with minister Wang Yun. Lü Bu, in turn, was attacked by Dong Zhuo's former officers: Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Ji and Fan Chou. Wang Yun and his whole family were executed. Lü Bu fled to Zhang Yang, a northern warlord, and remained with him for a time before briefly joining Yuan Shao, but it was clear that Lü Bu was far too independent to serve another.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Yuan Shao operated from Ye city in Ji Province, extending his power north of the Yellow River. Han Fu had formerly been the Governor of Ji Province, but he came under the control of Yuan Shao and was replaced by him.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Between the Yellow and Huai rivers, a conflict had erupted between Yuan Shu, Cao Cao, Tao Qian (Governor of Xu Province) and Lü Bu. Cao Cao forced the Yellow Turbans to surrender in 192, drove Yuan Shu to the south of the Huai River in 193, inflicted devastation upon Tao Qian in 194, received the surrender of Liu Bei (then a commander under Tao Qian) in 196, and captured and executed Lü Bu in 198. Cao was now in complete control of the southern part of the North China Plain.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Afterwards, Lü Bu betrayed Liu Bei and seized Xu Province, forming an alliance with Yuan Shu's remnant forces. Liu Bei, together with his followers Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, fled to Cao Cao, who accepted him. Soon, preparations were made for an attack on Lü Bu, and the combined forces of Cao Cao and Liu Bei invaded Xu Province. Lü Bu's men deserted him, Yuan Shu's forces never arrived as reinforcements, and he was bound by his own subordinates Song Xian (宋憲) and Wei Xu (魏續) and executed on Cao Cao's order.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Yuan Shu, after being driven south in 193, established himself at his new capital Shouchun (present-day Anhui). He attempted to regain lost territory north of the Huai River. In 197, Yuan Shu declared himself emperor of his own dynasty. The move was a strategic blunder, as it drew the ire of many warlords across the land, including Yuan Shu's own subordinates who almost all abandoned him. Abandoned by almost all his allies and followers, he perished in 199.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Since 192, He developed military agricultural colonies ("tuntian") to support his army. Although the system imposed a heavy tax on hired civilian farmers (40% to 60% of agricultural production), the farmers were more than pleased to be able to work with relative stability and professional military protection in a time of chaos. This was later said to be his second important policy for success.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: In 200, Dong Cheng, an imperial relative, received a secret edict from Emperor Xian to assassinate Cao Cao. He collaborated with Liu Bei on this effort, but Cao Cao soon found out about the plot and had Dong Cheng and his conspirators executed, with only Liu Bei surviving and fleeing to join Yuan Shao in the north.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: After settling the nearby provinces, including a rebellion led by former Yellow Turbans, and internal affairs with the court, Cao Cao turned his attention north to Yuan Shao, who himself had eliminated his northern rival Gongsun Zan that same year. Yuan Shao, himself of higher nobility than Cao Cao, amassed a large army and camped along the northern bank of the Yellow River.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: In the summer of 200, after months of preparations, the armies of Cao Cao and Yuan Shao clashed at the Battle of Guandu (near present-day Kaifeng). Cao Cao's army was heavily outnumbered by Yuan Shao. Due to a raid in Yuan's supply train, Yuan's army fell into disorder as they fled back north.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Cao Cao took advantage of Yuan Shao's death in 202, which resulted in division among his sons, and advanced to the north. In 204, after the Battle of Ye, Cao Cao captured the city of Ye. By the end of 207, after a victorious campaign beyond the frontier against the Wuhuan culminating in the Battle of White Wolf Mountain, Cao Cao achieved complete dominance of the North China Plain. He now controlled China's heartland, including Yuan Shao's former territory, and half of the Chinese population.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Sun Quan (aged 18) succeeded him and quickly established his authority. By 203, he was expanding westward. In 208, Sun Quan defeated Huang Zu (Liu Biao's subordinate commander) around present-day Wuhan. He now held control over the territories south of the Yangtze (below Wuhan, Poyang region, and Hangzhou Bay). His navy established local superiority over the Yangtze. Nevertheless, he would soon come under the threat of Cao Cao's larger armies.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: During Dong Zhuo's reign over the Han government, Liu Biao had been appointed as the Governor of Jing Province. His territory was located around his capital Xiangyang and the territory to the south around the Han and Yangtze River. Beyond his eastern border was the territory of Sun Quan.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: In 200, during the time of the campaign around Guandu between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, Liu Bei's forces had been defeated by a detachment of Cao Cao's army, forcing Liu Bei to flee and seek refuge with Liu Biao in Jing Province. In this exile, Liu Bei maintained his followers who had accompanied him and made new connections within Liu Biao's entourage. It was during this time that Liu Bei also met Zhuge Liang.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: In 209, Zhou Yu captured Jiangling, establishing the south's complete dominance over the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, Liu Bei and his principal adviser Zhuge Liang captured the Xiang River basin commandaries, establishing control over the southern territories of Jing province. Sun Quan was forced to cede the territory around Jiangling to Liu Bei, because he could not establish a proper authority over it after Zhou Yu's death in 210.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: In the south, Sun Quan had sent He Qin, Lu Xun, and others to expand and conquer territory in what are now southern Zhejiang and Fujian provinces.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: In 219, Liu Bei seized Hanzhong by defeating and killing General Xiahou Yuan, who served Cao Cao. Cao Cao sent reinforcements in an unsuccessful attempt to reclaim the territory. Liu Bei had now secured his territory against the north and declared himself the King of Hanzhong. In the east, Sun Quan attempted to capture Hefei from Cao Cao, but he did not succeed.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: At the beginning of 220, Cao Cao died and was succeeded by his son Cao Pi. On 11 December, Emperor Xian abdicated and Cao Pi ascended the imperial throne by proclaiming the heavenly mandate as the Emperor of Wei. On 15 May 221, Liu Bei responded by proclaiming himself as the Emperor of Han. His state would become generally known as Shu Han. Sun Quan continued to recognize his "de jure" suzerainty to Wei and was enfeoffed as the King of Wu.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: In 223, Liu Shan rose to the throne of Shu following his father's defeat and death. From 224 to 225, during his southward campaigns, Zhuge Liang conquered the southern territories up to Lake Dian in Yunnan.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: In 238, Cao Rui perished at age 35. He was succeeded by his adopted son Cao Fang (aged 7), who was a close member of the imperial family. Cao Rui had appointed Cao Shuang and Sima Yi to be Cao Fang's regents, even though he had contemplated to establish a regency council dominated by imperial family members. Cao Shuang held the principal control over the court. Meanwhile, Sima Yi was received the honorific title of Grand Tutor, but had virtually no influence at the court.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: During the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD), a number of statuses intermediate between freedom and slavery developed, but none of them are thought to have exceeded 1 percent of the population.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: While it is clear that warfare undoubtedly took many lives during this period, the census figures do not support the idea that tens of millions were wiped out solely from warfare. Other factors such as mass famines and diseases, due to the collapse of sustaining governance and migrations out of China must be taken into account.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Cao Cao, the founder of the Wei kingdom and his four sons were influential poets, especially Cao Zhi (192–232) and Cao Pi (187–226). Cao Pi wrote the earliest work of literary criticism, the "Essay on Literature". Cao Zhi, together with Xu Gan, sponsored a resurgence of the Jian'an style of lyric poetry. Cao Zhi is considered by most modern critics to be the most important Chinese writer between Qu Yuan and Tao Yuanming.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: In addition to the "Records of the Three Kingdoms", the years 189 to 220 are also covered by the previous standard history "Book of the Later Han" by Fan Ye (a contemporary of Pei Songzhi), which mainly draws from documents of the Han court. For the later years, biographies of the Jin dynasty progenitors Sima Yi, Sima Shi, and Sima Zhao are only found in the following standard history "Book of Jin" by the Tang dynasty historian Fang Xuanling.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Three Kingdoms

Context: Traditional Chinese political thought is concerned with the concept of the "Mandate of Heaven", from which a ruler derives legitimacy to rule all under heaven. In the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu all laid claim to the Mandate by virtue of their founders declaring themselves as emperors. Later historians would disagree on which of the Three Kingdoms (primarily between Wei and Shu) should be considered the sole legitimate successor to the Han dynasty.

Question: 三国時代の名称の由来は？


Street children

Context: Some street children, notably in more developed nations, are part of a subcategory called thrown-away children, consisting of children who have been forced to leave home. Thrown-away children are more likely to come from single-parent homes. Street children are often subject to abuse, neglect, exploitation, or, in extreme cases, murder by "clean-up squads" that have been hired by local businesses or police.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: Street children can be found in a large majority of the world's famous cities, with the phenomenon more prevalent in densely populated urban hubs of developing or economically unstable regions, such as countries in Africa, South America, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: In 1848, Lord Ashley referred to more than 30,000 "naked, filthy, roaming lawless, and deserted children" in and around London, UK. Among many English novels featuring them as a humanitarian problem are "Jessica's First Prayer" by Sarah Smith (1867) and Georgina Castle Smith's "Nothing to Nobody" (1872).

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: By 1922, there were at least seven million homeless children in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic due to the devastation from World War I and the Russian Civil War. Abandoned children formed gangs, created their own argot, and engaged in petty theft and prostitution.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: Children may also end up on the streets due to religious factors. For example, some children in the far-northern parts of Nigeria (referred to as the "almajiris") are forced to leave their homes to be indentured under a "mallam" (Islamic religious teacher).

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: UNICEF works with CARITAS and with other non-governmental organizations in Kenya to address street children. Rapid and unsustainable urbanization in the post-colonial period, which led to entrenched [[Poverty in Kenya|urban poverty] in cities such as [[Nairobi]], [[Kisumu]], and [[Mombasa]] is an underlying cause of child homelessness. [[Rural-urban migration]] broke up extended families which had previously acted as a support network, taking care of children in cases of abuse, neglect, and abandonment.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: [[Sierra Leone]] was considered to be the poorest nation in the world, according to the UN World Poverty Index 2008.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: Whilst the current picture is more optimistic – [[World Bank]] projections for 2013/14 ranked Sierra Leone as having the second fastest-growing economy in the world – a prevalent lack of child rights and [[extreme poverty]] remain widespread.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: There are close to 50,000 children relying upon the streets for their survival, a portion of them living full-time on the streets. There are also an estimated 300,000 children in Sierra Leone without access to education. Often neglected rural areas – of which there are many – offer little or no opportunity for children to break from the existing cycle of poverty.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: [[File:Jakarta slumlife54.JPG|thumb|upright|A street child in [[Cipinang]], [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]]]

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: The street children in Indonesia are seen as a public nuisance. "They are detained, subjected to verbal and physical abuse, their means of livelihood (guitars for [[busking]], goods for sale) confiscated, and some have been shot attempting to flee the police".

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: [[File:KabulStreet04a.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|An Afghan street boy photographed in downtown [[Kabul]], [[Afghanistan]] (June 2003).]]

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: According to the 1998 report titled "Situation of the Youth in the Philippines", there are about 1.5 million street children in the [[Philippines]], 70% of which are boys. Street children as young as ten years old can be imprisoned alongside adults under the country's Vagrancy Act; in past cases, physical and sexual abuse have occurred as a result of this legislation.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: According to The Street Educators’ Club, the number of street children in [[Vietnam]] has shrunk from 21,000 in 2003 to 8,000 in 2007. The number dropped from 1,507 to 113 in [[Hanoi]] and from 8,507 to 794 in [[Ho Chi Minh City]]. There are currently almost four hundred humanitarian organizations and international [[List of non-governmental organizations in Vietnam|non-governmental organizations]] providing help to about 15,000 Vietnamese children.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: Begging and other street activities have been outlawed in Greece since 2003, but the recent unemployment hike has increased levels of these actions.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: [[File:Romanian_ration-card_for_bread,_1989.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Romanian [[Rationing|ration]] card, 1989. The forced [[natalist]] policy of [[Nicolae Ceauşescu]] coupled with poverty led families unable to cope]]

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: The phenomenon of street children in Romania must be understood within the local historical context.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: In 2001, it was estimated that Russia had about one million street children, and one in four [[crimes]] involved underage individuals. Officially, the number of children without supervision is more than 700,000.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: According to [[UNICEF]], there were 64,000 homeless street children brought to hospitals by various governmental services (e.g. police) in 2005. In 2008, the number was 60,000.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: In 2012, unaccompanied male minors from Morocco started claiming asylum in Sweden. In 2014, 384 claimed asylum. Knowing that their chances of receiving refugee status was slim, they frequently ran away from the refugee housing to live on the streets.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: [[File:Homeless children in US 2006-10.png|thumb|Homeless children in the United States The number of homeless children reached record highs in 2011, 2012, and 2013 at about three times their number in 1983.]]

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: The number of homeless children in the US grew from 1.2 million in 2007 to 1.6 million in 2010. The United States defines [[Homelessness in the United States|homelessness]] per the [[McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act]]. The number of homeless children reached record highs in 2011, 2012, and 2013 at about three times their number in 1983.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: An "estimated two million [youth] run away from or are forced out of their homes each year" in the [[United States]]. The difference in these numbers can be attributed to the temporary nature of street children in the United States, unlike the more permanent state in [[Developing country|developing countries]].

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: In the United States 83% of "street children" do not leave their state of origin. If they do leave their state of origin they are likely to end up in large cities, notably [[New York City]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], and [[San Francisco]]. In the United States, street children are predominantly Caucasian, female, and [[Homelessness among LGBT youth in the United States|42% identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender]] ([[LGBT]]).

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: In Honduras between 1998 and 2002, hundreds of street children were reportedly abducted, tortured and murdered by police and civilian "cleanup squads".

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: The Brazilian government estimates that the number of children and adolescents in 2012 who work or sleep on the streets was approximately 23,973, based on results from the national census mandated by the Human Rights Secretariat of the Presidency (SDH) and the Institute for Sustainable Development (Idesp).

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: As of 2006, around 22,000 Australian youth were listed as homeless. The majority of homeless youth are located in the State of [[New South Wales]]. Youth homelessness has been subject to a number of independent studies, some calling for the [[Australian Human Rights Commission]] to conduct an inquiry on the matter.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: There are four categories of how societies deal with street children: Correctional model, Rehabilitative model, Outreach strategies, and Preventive approach. There is no significant benefit when comparing therapeutic interventions such as [[cognitive behavioural therapy]] and [[family therapy]] with standard services such as [[drop-in center]].

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


Street children

Context: Non-government organizations employ a wide variety of strategies to address the needs and rights of street children. One example of NGO effort is "The Street Children‘s Day", launched by [[Jugend Eine Welt]] on 31 January 2009 to highlight the situation of street children. The "Street Children's Day" has been commemorated every year since its inception in 2009.

Question: ストリートチルドレンとはどのような人物をさしますか？


EH Bildu

Context: EH Bildu, short for Euskal Herria Bildu () is a left-wing, Basque nationalist, pro-independence political coalition active in the Spanish autonomous communities of Basque Country, Navarre and Burgos Province.

Question: エウスカル・エリア・ビルドゥの創始者は誰


EH Bildu

Context: In the 2020 Basque regional election 3 former ETA members were elected: Arkaitz Rodríguez, Iker Casanova e Ikoitz Arrese.

Question: エウスカル・エリア・ビルドゥの創始者は誰


EH Bildu

Context: At the 2011 local elections Bildu received 26% of the vote in the Basque region, coming second only to the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV). The party won seats in most of the councils of the Southern Basque Country, including San Sebastián (where it came up first), Bilbao, Vitoria-Gasteiz and Pamplona.

Question: エウスカル・エリア・ビルドゥの創始者は誰


EH Bildu

Context: For the 2011 general election Eusko Alkartasuna, Alternatiba and their allies formed a new alliance, under the name Amaiur, along with Aralar, previously part of Nafarroa Bai, and other "abertzale" (i.e., Basque nationalist) groups.

Question: エウスカル・エリア・ビルドゥの創始者は誰


EH Bildu

Context: In the election for the Basque Parliament that took place on 21 October 2012, EH Bildu the second most seats after the more established EAJ-PNV. The coalition party won 21 out of 75 seats with 25% of the popular vote. No single party won a majority in this election.

Question: エウスカル・エリア・ビルドゥの創始者は誰


EH Bildu

Context: In the 2014 European Parliament election EH Bildu participated as part of the list The Peoples Decide (LPD), comprising left-wing nationalist and separatist parties from several autonomous regions of Spain. On the first position of that list was EHB member Josu Juaristi who was elected member of the European parliament. He joined the group of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL).

Question: エウスカル・エリア・ビルドゥの創始者は誰


Turing Machine (band)

Context: Turing Machine is an American instrumental rock band formed in New York City, United States, in 1998 by Justin Chearno and Scott DeSimon, late of DC's noise-rockers Pitchblende and Gerhardt 'Jerry' Fuchs, who had moved to New York to play with Bitch Magnet guitarist Jon Fine's new band, Vineland. Their music has been described as "Angular instrumental indie rock," that has "influences as vast as vintage prog, Krautrock and post-punk."

Question: チューリングマシンの名称の由来は何？


Turing Machine (band)

Context: On November 7, 2009, drummer Fuchs died in an elevator shaft accident. The last of Fuchs' studio work with Turing Machine was included posthumously in the 2012 album, "What Is The Meaning of What". Some of the friends of the band such as Pat Mahoney of LCD Soundsystem and Brian Chase helped to complete the unfinished album after Fuchs' death.

Question: チューリングマシンの名称の由来は何？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: Kelzang Gyatso (; 1708–1757), also spelled Kalzang Gyatso, Kelsang Gyatso and Kezang Gyatso, was the 7th Dalai Lama of Tibet, recognized as the true incarnation of the 6th Dalai Lama, and enthroned after a pretender was deposed.

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: The Seventh Dalai Lama was a great scholar, a prolific writer and poet. His collected works run seven volumes and contain numerous commentaries, liturgical works as well as many religious poems.

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: While still a boy, Kelzang Gyatso demonstrated himself a prodigy of profound wisdom. Kelzang Gyatso became famous for his ability to spontaneously compose verse. Inspired by a sambhogakaya vision of the poet-monk Tsongkhapa, Kelzang Gyatso (whilst a youth), travelled to central Tibet where he gave a sermon before thousands of people.

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: "Of all the Gyalwa Rinpoche [Dalai Lamas], we Tibetans probably respect the seventh, Kalzang Gyatso, most of all because of his saintliness, because he devoted his whole life to the Three Precious Ones, seeking refuge not for himself but for all his people."

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: The Dzungars invaded Tibet in 1717, deposed Ngawang Yeshey Gyatso, which met with widespread approval, and killed Lha-bzang Khan. However, they soon began to loot, rape and kill throughout Lhasa, destroying Tibetan goodwill towards them. They also destroyed a small force sent by the Kangxi Emperor at the Battle of the Salween River in 1718 to support clear traditional trade routes.

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: Many Nyingmapa and Bonpos were executed and Tibetans visiting Dzungar officials were forced to stick their tongues out so the Dzungars could tell if the person recited constant mantras (which was said to make the tongue black or brown). This allowed them to pick the Nyingmapa and Bonpos, who recited many magic-mantras. This habit of sticking one's tongue out as a mark of respect on greeting someone has remained a Tibetan custom until recent times.

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: In 1751, the Qianlong Emperor (1711–1799; ruled 1737–1796) issued a 13-point decree which abolished the position of Regent (Desi), put the Tibetan government in the hands of a four-man Kashag, or Council of Ministers, and gave the ambans formal powers. The Dalai Lama moved back to Lhasa to preside (in name) over the new government.

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: In 1751, at the age of forty-three, Kelzang Gyatso constituted the "Kashag" or council of ministers to administer the Tibetan government and the abolished the post of Regent or Desi, as it placed too much power in one man's hand and the Dalai Lama became the spiritual and political leader of Tibet.

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: "The 'king' or governor of Tibet was no longer appointed by the Chinese after 1750, and the Dalai Lama was tacitly recognized as sovereign of Tibet, with the exception of Kham and Amdo on the one hand and, on the other, Ladakh — which was at first under Moghul suzerainty before being annexed by Kashmir after the Dogra war (1834–1842)."

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


7th Dalai Lama

Context: In 1753, Kelzang Gyatso founded the Tse-School in the Potala Palace and built the new palace of Norling Kalsang Phodrang at the Norbulingka. "At the request of the Shabdung Rinpoche Jigmi Dagpa (Jigs med grabs pa, 1724–1761), spiritual and temporal ruler of Bhutan, Dalai Lama VII helped in the creation of a gold-and-copper monastery roof in Bhutan."

Question: ケルサン・ギャツォは何歳でダライ・ラマになった？


Packet switching

Context: In telecommunications, packet switching is a method of grouping data into "packets" that are transmitted over a digital network. Packets are made of a header and a payload. Data in the header is used by networking hardware to direct the packet to its destination, where the payload is extracted and used by an operating system, application software, or higher layer protocols. Packet switching is the primary basis for data communications in computer networks worldwide.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: A packet switch has four components: input ports, output ports, routing processor, and switching fabric.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Leonard Kleinrock conducted research into queueing theory for his doctoral dissertation at MIT in 1961-2 and published it as a book in 1964 in the field of message switching. In 1968, Lawrence Roberts contracted with Kleinrock to carry out theoretical work at UCLA to model the performance of the ARPANET, which underpinned the development of the network in the early 1970s. The NPL team also carried out simulation work on packet networks, including datagram networks.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: In May 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn described the Transmission Control Program, an internetworking protocol for sharing resources using packet-switching among the nodes. The specifications of the TCP were then published in ("Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program"), written by Vint Cerf, Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine in December 1974. This monolithic protocol was later layered as the Transmission Control Protocol, "TCP", atop the Internet Protocol, "IP".

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) VLSI (very-large-scale integration) technology led to the development of high-speed broadband packet switching during the 1980s1990s.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Packet switching may be classified into connectionless packet switching, also known as datagram switching, and connection-oriented packet switching, also known as virtual circuit switching. Examples of connectionless systems are Ethernet, Internet Protocol (IP), and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Connection-oriented systems include X.25, Frame Relay, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Connection-oriented transport layer protocols such as TCP provide a connection-oriented service by using an underlying connectionless network. In this case, the end-to-end principle dictates that the end nodes, not the network itself, are responsible for the connection-oriented behavior.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Packet switching is used to optimize the use of the channel capacity available in digital telecommunication networks, such as computer networks, and minimize the transmission latency (the time it takes for data to pass across the network), and to increase robustness of communication.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Packet switching is used in the Internet and most local area networks. The Internet is implemented by the Internet Protocol Suite using a variety of link layer technologies. For example, Ethernet and Frame Relay are common. Newer mobile phone technologies (e.g., GSM, LTE) also use packet switching. Packet switching is associated with connectionless networking because, in these systems, no connection agreement needs to be established between communicating parties prior to exchanging data.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: X.25 is a notable use of packet switching in that, despite being based on packet switching methods, it provides virtual circuits to the user. These virtual circuits carry variable-length packets. In 1978, X.25 provided the first international and commercial packet switching network, the International Packet Switched Service (IPSS). Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) also is a virtual circuit technology, which uses fixed-length cell relay connection oriented packet switching.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Technologies such as Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) create virtual circuits on top of datagram networks. MPLS and its predecessors, as well as ATM, have been called "fast packet" technologies. MPLS, indeed, has been called "ATM without cells". Virtual circuits are especially useful in building robust failover mechanisms and allocating bandwidth for delay-sensitive applications.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: The history of packet-switched networks can be divided into three overlapping eras: early networks before the introduction of X.25 and the OSI model; the X.25 era when many postal, telephone, and telegraph (PTT) companies provided public data networks with X.25 interfaces; and the Internet era.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: AppleTalk implementations were also released for the IBM PC and compatibles, and the Apple IIGS. AppleTalk support was available in most networked printers, especially laser printers, some file servers and routers. AppleTalk support was terminated in 2009, replaced by TCP/IP protocols.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: The ARPANET was a progenitor network of the Internet and one of the first networks, along with ARPA's SATNET, to run the TCP/IP suite using packet switching technologies.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: BNRNET was a network which Bell-Northern Research developed for internal use. It initially had only one host but was designed to support many hosts. BNR later made major contributions to the CCITT X.25 project.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: The CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin. First demonstrated in 1973, it was developed to explore alternatives to the early ARPANET design and to support network research generally. It was the first network to use the end-to-end principle and make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself. Concepts of this network influenced later ARPANET architecture.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: DDX-1 was an experimental network from Nippon PTT. It mixed circuit switching and packet switching. It was succeeded by DDX-2.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: The Experimental Packet Switched Service (EPSS) was an experiment of the UK Post Office Telecommunications, based on the Coloured Book protocols defined by the UK academic community in 1975. It was the first public data network in the UK when it began operating in 1977. Ferranti supplied the hardware and software. The handling of link control messages (acknowledgements and flow control) was different from that of most other networks.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: As General Electric Information Services (GEIS), General Electric was a major international provider of information services. The company originally designed a telephone network to serve as its internal (albeit continent-wide) voice telephone network.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: In 1965, at the instigation of Warner Sinback, a data network based on this voice-phone network was designed to connect GE's four computer sales and service centers (Schenectady, New York, Chicago, and Phoenix) to facilitate a computer time-sharing service.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: After going international some years later, GEIS created a network data center near Cleveland, Ohio. Very little has been published about the internal details of their network. The design was hierarchical with redundant communication links.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: IPSANET was a semi-private network constructed by I. P. Sharp Associates to serve their time-sharing customers. It became operational in May 1976.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: The Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) and Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX) are Novell networking protocols from the 1980s derived from Xerox Network Systems' IDP and SPP protocols, respectively which date back to the 1970s. IPX/SPX was used primarily on networks using the Novell NetWare operating systems.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: In 1965, Donald Davies of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) designed and proposed a national commercial data network based on packet switching. The proposal was not taken up nationally but, in 1966, he designed a local network using "interface computers", today known as routers, to serve the needs of NPL and prove the feasibility of packet switching.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: By 1968 Davies had begun building the NPL network to meet the needs of the multidisciplinary laboratory and prove the technology under operational conditions. In 1976, 12 computers and 75 terminal devices were attached, and more were added until the network was replaced in 1986. NPL and the ARPANET were the first two networks to use packet switching, and were interconnected in the early 1970s.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Octopus was a local network at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. It connected sundry hosts at the lab to interactive terminals and various computer peripherals including a bulk storage system.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Philips Research Laboratories in Redhill, Surrey developed a packet switching network for internal use. It was a datagram network with a single switching node.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: PARC Universal Packet (PUP or Pup) was one of the two earliest internetworking protocol suites; it was created by researchers at Xerox PARC in the mid-1970s. The entire suite provided routing and packet delivery, as well as higher level functions such as a reliable byte stream, along with numerous applications. Further developments led to Xerox Network Systems (XNS).

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: RCP was an experimental network created by the French PTT. It was used to gain experience with packet switching technology before the specification of TRANSPAC was frozen. RCP was a virtual-circuit network in contrast to CYCLADES which was based on datagrams. RCP emphasised terminal-to-host and terminal-to-terminal connection; CYCLADES was concerned with host-to-host communication. TRANSPAC was introduced as an X.25 network. RCP influenced the X.25 specification.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Red Especial de Transmisión de Datos (RETD) was a network developed by Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España. It became operational in 1972 and thus was the first public network.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: "The experimental packet-switched Nordic telecommunication network SCANNET was implemented in Nordic technical libraries in the 1970s, and it included first Nordic electronic journal Extemplo. Libraries were also among first ones in universities to accommodate microcomputers for public use in the early 1980s."

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: SITA is a consortium of airlines. Its High Level Network (HLN) became operational in 1969 at about the same time as ARPANET. It carried interactive traffic and message-switching traffic. As with many non-academic networks, very little has been published about it.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Systems Network Architecture (SNA) is IBM's proprietary networking architecture created in 1974. An IBM customer could acquire hardware and software from IBM and lease private lines from a common carrier to construct a private network.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. Telenet was incorporated in 1973 and started operations in 1975. It was founded by Bolt Beranek & Newman with Larry Roberts as CEO as a means of making packet switching technology public. Telenet initially used a proprietary virtual connection host interface, but changed the host interface to X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29. It went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Xerox Network Systems (XNS) was a protocol suite promulgated by Xerox, which provided routing and packet delivery, as well as higher level functions such as a reliable stream, and remote procedure calls. It was developed from PARC Universal Packet (PUP).

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: ConnNet was a network operated by the Southern New England Telephone Company serving the state of Connecticut. Launched on March 11, 1985, it was the first local public packet-switched network in the United States.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Datanet 1 was the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom (now known as KPN). Strictly speaking Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines (using the X.121 DNIC 2041), the name also referred to the public PAD service "Telepad" (using the DNIC 2049). And because the main Videotex service used the network and modified PAD devices as infrastructure the name Datanet 1 was used for these services as well.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: DATAPAC was the first operational X.25 network (1976). It covered major Canadian cities and was eventually extended to smaller centres.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Deutsche Bundespost operated the Datex-P national network in Germany. The technology was acquired from Northern Telecom.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Eirpac is the Irish public switched data network supporting X.25 and X.28. It was launched in 1984, replacing Euronet. Eirpac is run by Eircom.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Nine member states of the European Economic Community contracted with Logica and the French company SESA to set up a joint venture in 1975 to undertake the "Euronet" development, using X.25 protocols to form virtual circuits. It was to replace EIN and established a network in 1979 linking a number of European countries until 1984 when the network was handed over to national PTTs.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Hitachi designed a private network system for sale as a turnkey package to multi-national organizations. In addition to providing X.25 packet switching, message switching software was also included. Messages were buffered at the nodes adjacent to the sending and receiving terminals. Switched virtual calls were not supported, but through the use of "logical ports" an originating terminal could have a menu of pre-defined destination terminals.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Iberpac is the Spanish public packet-switched network, providing X.25 services. Iberpac is run by Telefonica.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: In 1978, X.25 provided the first international and commercial packet switching network, the International Packet Switched Service (IPSS).

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: JANET was the UK academic and research network, linking all universities, higher education establishments, publicly funded research laboratories. The X.25 network, which used the Coloured Book protocols, was based mainly on GEC 4000 series switches, and run X.25 links at up to 8 Mbit/s in its final phase before being converted to an IP based network. The JANET network grew out of the 1970s SRCnet, later called SERCnet.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Packet Switch Stream (PSS) was the UK Post Office (later to become British Telecom) national X.25 network with a DNIC of 2342. British Telecom renamed PSS under its GNS (Global Network Service) name, but the PSS name has remained better known. PSS also included public dial-up PAD access, and various InterStream gateways to other services such as Telex.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: TRANSPAC was the national X.25 network in France. It was developed locally at about the same time as DATAPAC in Canada. The development was done by the French PTT and influenced by the experimental RCP network. It began operation in 1978, and served both commercial users and, after Minitel began, consumers.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: VENUS-P was an international X.25 network that operated from April 1982 through March 2006. At its subscription peak in 1999, VENUS-P connected 207 networks in 87 countries.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: Venepaq is the national X.25 public network in Venezuela. It is run by Cantv and allow direct connection and dial up connections. Provides nationalwide access at very low cost. It provides national and international access. Venepaq allow connection from 19.2 kbit/s to 64 kbit/s in direct connections, and 1200, 2400 and 9600 bit/s in dial up connections.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: When Internet connectivity was made available to anyone who could pay for an ISP subscription, the distinctions between national networks blurred. The user no longer saw network identifiers such as the DNIC. Some older technologies such as circuit switching have resurfaced with new names such as fast packet switching. Researchers have created some experimental networks to complement the existing Internet.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: In addition to the five NSF supercomputer centers, NSFNET provided connectivity to eleven regional networks and through these networks to many smaller regional and campus networks in the United States. The NSFNET regional networks were:

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: The National LambdaRail was launched in September 2003. It is a 12,000-mile high-speed national computer network owned and operated by the U.S. research and education community that runs over fiber-optic lines. It was the first transcontinental 10 Gigabit Ethernet network. It operates with high aggregate capacity of up to 1.6 Tbit/s and a high 40 Gbit/s bitrate, with plans for 100 Gbit/s. The upgrade never took place and NLR ceased operations in March 2014.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: TransPAC2 and TransPAC3, continuations of the TransPAC project, a high-speed international Internet service connecting research and education networks in the Asia-Pacific region to those in the US. TransPAC is part of the NSF's International Research Network Connections (IRNC) program.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


Packet switching

Context: In June 1999 MCI WorldCom introduced vBNS+ which allowed attachments to the vBNS network by organizations that were not approved by or receiving support from NSF. After the expiration of the NSF agreement, the vBNS largely transitioned to providing service to the government. Most universities and research centers migrated to the Internet2 educational backbone. In January 2006, when MCI and Verizon merged, vBNS+ became a service of Verizon Business.

Question: トラフィックシェーピングを初めて導入した通信会社は何


HMS Furious (47)

Context: "Furious" spent most of 1943 training, but made a number of attacks on the and other targets in Norway during the first half of 1944. By September 1944, the ship was showing her age and she was placed in reserve. "Furious" was decommissioned in April 1945, but was not sold for scrap until 1948.

Question: 航空母艦フューリアスの初代船長は誰


HMS Furious (47)

Context: "Furious" was laid down on 8 June 1915 at Armstrong Whitworth's Low Walker shipyard in Newcastle upon Tyne. The ship was launched on 18 August 1916 and commissioned on 26 June 1917. As completed, her complement numbered 737 officers and ratings.

Question: 航空母艦フューリアスの初代船長は誰


HMS Furious (47)

Context: "Furious" was laid up after the war, but was converted to an aircraft carrier with a continuous flight deck between June 1921 and September 1925. Her design was based on experience gained with the first two British carriers, and , although this was very limited as "Argus" was less than three years old and "Eagle" had carried out only 143 deck landings during her preliminary sea trials in 1920.

Question: 航空母艦フューリアスの初代船長は誰


HMS Furious (47)

Context: "Furious" was not lengthened, but her beam was increased to and her average draught was now at deep load, deeper than before the conversion. She displaced at normal load and at deep load, over 3000 long tons more than her previous displacement. Her metacentric height was at deep load, a reduction of after her conversion. During the ship's post-conversion sea trials she reached . Her fuel capacity was increased by during her reconstruction, which increased her range to at a speed of or at a speed of .

Question: 航空母艦フューリアスの初代船長は誰


HMS Furious (47)

Context: Two lifts (elevators) were installed to transfer aircraft between the flight deck and hangars. No arresting gear was fitted and two ready-use petrol tanks were provided for aircraft and the ship's boats on the upper deck. An additional of petrol were in bulk storage. In 1939, her complement consisted of 41 officers and 754 crewmen.

Question: 航空母艦フューリアスの初代船長は誰


HMS Furious (47)

Context: A single High Angle Control System director was fitted on the island and another on an elevated mount on the former flying-off deck. Two pom-pom directors were also mounted on the island for the weapons mounted fore and aft of the island.

Question: 航空母艦フューリアスの初代船長は誰


HMS Furious (47)

Context: "Furious" was reduced to reserve on 1 July 1930 in preparation for a lengthy overhaul at Devonport. It lasted from September 1930 to February 1932 and was focused on refitting her machinery and re-tubing her boilers. In addition her quarterdeck was raised by one deck, the AA armament was revised and spraying facilities were fitted in the hangars. Upon completion, she ran a full-power trial on 16 February 1932 where her maximum speed was from a total of .

Question: 航空母艦フューリアスの初代船長は誰


HMS Furious (47)

Context: By this time, the ship's age and limitations became increasingly apparent and she was placed in reserve on 15 September 1944. The ship was paid off in April 1945 being berthed at Loch Striven, was used to evaluate the effects of aircraft explosives on the ship's structure. "Furious" was sold in 1948 for scrap, and had been completely broken up in Troon by 1954.

Question: 航空母艦フューリアスの初代船長は誰


Handle System

Context: The Handle System is the Corporation for National Research Initiatives's proprietary registry assigning persistent identifiers, or handles, to information resources, and for resolving "those handles into the information necessary to locate, access, and otherwise make use of the resources".

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: As with handles used elsewhere in computing, Handle System handles are opaque, and encode no information about the underlying resource, being bound only to metadata regarding the resource. Consequently, the handles are not rendered invalid by changes to the metadata.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: The Handle System was first implemented in autumn 1994, and was administered and operated by CNRI until December 2015, when a new "multi-primary administrator" (MPA) mode of operation was introduced. The DONA Foundation now administers the system's Global Handle Registry and accredits MPAs, including CNRI and the International DOI Foundation.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: The system currently provides the underlying infrastructure for such handle-based systems as Digital Object Identifiers and DSpace, which are mainly used to provide access to scholarly, professional and government documents and other information resources.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: CNRI provides specifications and the source code for reference implementations for the servers and protocols used in the system under a royalty-free "Public License", similar to an open source license.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: Thousands of handle services are currently running. Over 1000 of these are at universities and libraries, but they are also in operation at national laboratories, research groups, government agencies, and commercial enterprises, receiving over 200 million resolution requests per month.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: The Handle System is defined in informational RFCs 3650, 3651 and 3652 of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF); it includes an open set of protocols, a namespace, and a reference implementation of the protocols. Documentation, software, and related information is provided by CNRI on a dedicated website

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: Handles consist of a prefix which identifies a "naming authority" and a suffix which gives the "local name" of a resource. Similar to domain names, prefixes are issued to naming authorities by one of the "multi-primary administrators" of the system upon payment of a fee, which must be renewed annually. A naming authority may create any number of handles, with unique "local names", within their assigned prefixes. An example of a handle is:

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: As with other uses of handles in computing, the handle is opaque; that is, it encodes no information about the underlying resource and provides only the means to retrieve metadata about the resource.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: This may be contrasted with a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which may encode within the identifier such attributes of the resource as the protocol to be used to access the server holding the resource, the server host name and port number, and perhaps even location specifics such as the name of a file in the server file system containing the resource. In the Handle System, these specifics are not encoded in the handle, but are found in the metadata to which the handle is bound.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: Each handle may have its own administrator and administration of the handles can be done in a distributed environment, similar to DNS domain names. The name-to-value bindings may also be secured, both via signatures to verify the data and via challenge response to verify the transmission of the data, allowing handles to be used in trust management applications.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: It is possible for the same underlying information resource to be associated with multiple handles, as when two university libraries generate handles (and therefore possibly different sets of metadata) for the same book.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: The Handle System is compatible with the Domain Name System (DNS), but does not require it, unlike persistent identifiers such as PURLs or ARKs, which are similar to handles, but which utilise domain names. However, unlike these domain-name based approaches, handles do require a separate prefix registration process and handle servers separate from the domain name servers.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: Handles can be used natively. or expressed as Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) through a namespace within the info URI scheme; for example, codice_1 may be written as the URI, codice_12. Some Handle System namespaces, such as Digital Object Identifiers, are "info:" URI namespaces in their own right; for example, codice_13 is another way of writing the handle for the current revision of the DOI Handbook as a URI.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: Some Handle System namespaces define special presentation rules. For example, Digital Object Identifiers, which represent a high percentage of the extant handles, are usually presented with a "doi:" prefix: codice_14.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: Any Handle may be expressed as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) through the use of the generic HTTP proxy server,:

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: Some Handle-based systems offer an HTTP proxy server that is intended for use with their own system such as:

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: Implementation of the Handle System consists of Local Handle Services, each of which is made up of one or more sites that provide the servers that store specific handles. The Global Handle Registry is a unique Local Handle Service which stores information on the prefixes (also known as naming authorities) within the Handle System and can be queried to find out where specific handles are stored on other Local Handle Services within this distributed system.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: The Handle System website provides a series of implementation tools, notably the HANDLE.NET Software and HANDLE.NET Client Libraries. Handle clients can be embedded in end user software (e.g., a web browser) or in server software (e.g., a web server) and extensions are already available for Adobe Acrobat and Firefox.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: Handle client software libraries are available in both C and Java. Some applications have developed specific add-on tools, e.g., for the DOI System.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: The interoperable network of distributed handle resolver servers (also known as the Proxy Server System) are linked through a Global Resolver (which is one logical entity though physically decentralised and mirrored). Users of Handle System technology obtain a handle prefix created in the Global Handle Registry. The Global Handle Registry maintains and resolves the prefixes of locally maintained handle services. Any local handle service can, therefore, resolve any handle through the Global Resolver.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: The Handle System also makes explicit the importance of organizational commitment to a persistent identifier scheme, but does not mandate one model for ensuring such commitment. Individual applications may choose to establish their own sets of rules and social infrastructure to ensure persistence (e.g., when used in the DSpace application, and the DOI application).

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: The number of prefixes, which allow users to assign handles, is growing and stands at over 12,000 as of early 2014. There are six top-level Global Handle Registry servers that receive (on average) 68 million resolution requests per month. Proxy servers known to CNRI, passing requests to the system on the Web, receive (on average) 200 million resolution requests per month. (Statistics from Handle Quick Facts.)

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: In 2010, CNRI and ITU (International Telecommunication Union) entered into an agreement to collaborate on use of the Handle System (and the Digital Object Architecture more generally) and are working on the specific details of that collaboration; in April 2009 ITU listed the Handle System as an "emerging trend".

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


Handle System

Context: The Handle System represents several components of a long-term digital object architecture. In January 2010 CNRI released its general-purpose Digital Object Repository software, another major component of this architecture. More information about the release, including protocol specification, source code and ready-to-use system, clients and utilities, is available.

Question: ハンドルシステムを開発したのは誰


12 Years a Slave (film)

Context: Solomon Northup is a free African-American man in 1841, working as a violinist and living with his wife and two children in Saratoga Springs, New York. Two white men, Brown and Hamilton, offer him short-term employment as a musician in Washington, D.C.; instead, they drug Northup and deliver him to a slave pen. Northup proclaims his freedom, only to be savagely beaten.

Question: Twelve Years a Slaveが初めて出版されたのはいつ


12 Years a Slave (film)

Context: African-American history and culture scholar Henry Louis Gates Jr. was a consultant on the film. Researcher David Fiske, a co-author of "Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of Twelve Years a Slave", provided some material used to market the film.

Question: Twelve Years a Slaveが初めて出版されたのはいつ


12 Years a Slave (film)

Context: A journal article published by The Johns Hopkins University Press and written by Sam Worley states that "Northup’s narrative, though well known, has often been treated as a narrative of the second rank, albeit one with an unusually exciting and involving story as well as, thanks to the research of its modern editors, Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon, one with considerable historical value."

Question: Twelve Years a Slaveが初めて出版されたのはいつ


12 Years a Slave (film)

Context: The visual blog "Information is Beautiful" deduced that, while taking creative license into account, the film was 88.1% accurate when compared to real-life events, summarizing: "While there are a touch of dramatic license here and there, the most gut-wrenching scenes really happened".

Question: Twelve Years a Slaveが初めて出版されたのはいつ


12 Years a Slave (film)

Context: To capture the language and dialects of the era and regions in which the film takes place, dialect coach Michael Buster assisted the cast in altering their speech. The language has a literary quality related to the style of writing of the day and the strong influence of the King James Bible. Buster explained:

Question: Twelve Years a Slaveが初めて出版されたのはいつ


12 Years a Slave (film)

Context: Cinematographer Sean Bobbitt, the film's primary camera operator, shot "12 Years a Slave" on 35 mm film with a 2.35:1 widescreen aspect ratio using both an Arricam LT and ST. "Particularly for a period piece, film gives the audience a definite sense of period and quality," said Bobbitt. "And because of the story's epic nature, widescreen clearly made the most sense. Widescreen means a big film, an epic tale – in this case an epic tale of human endurance."

Question: Twelve Years a Slaveが初めて出版されたのはいつ


12 Years a Slave (film)

Context: The filmmakers avoided the desaturated visual style that is typical of a more gritty documentary aesthetic. Deliberately drawing visual comparisons in the filming to the works of Spanish painter Francisco Goya, McQueen explained:

Question: Twelve Years a Slaveが初めて出版されたのはいつ


12 Years a Slave (film)

Context: During its marketing campaign, "12 Years a Slave" received unpaid endorsements by celebrities such as Kanye West and P. Diddy. In a video posted by Revolt, Combs urged viewers to see "12 Years a Slave" by stating: "This movie is very painful but very honest, and is a part of the healing process. I beg all of you to take your kids, everybody to see it. ... You have to see this so you can understand, so you can just start to understand."

Question: Twelve Years a Slaveが初めて出版されたのはいつ


T-Mobile Park

Context: The stadium was originally named Safeco Field under a 20-year naming-rights deal with Seattle-based Safeco Insurance. T-Mobile acquired the naming rights on December 19, 2018, and the name change took effect on January 1, 2019.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: Construction officially began in 1997, with a groundbreaking ceremony on March 8 featuring Mariners star Ken Griffey Jr. The construction, overseen by chief financial officer (and former team president and minority owner) Kevin Mather, continued through the beginning of the 1999 season. Its first game was on Thursday, July 15, immediately after the All-Star break; the Mariners lost 3–2 to the San Diego Padres with 44,607 in attendance.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: The naming rights were sold in June 1998 to Seattle-based Safeco Insurance, which paid $40 million for a 20-year deal. The 2018 season was the last played under this name, and the Safeco signage was removed from the ballpark beginning that November. The naming rights were awarded to T-Mobile on December 19, which paid $87.5 million for an agreement that will last 25 years, and the name change officially took effect on January 1, 2019.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: Ken Griffey Jr. returned to Safeco Field in 2007 with the Cincinnati Reds (where he had been traded after the 1999 season) to a hero's welcome. In commemoration of Griffey's achievements with the team, the Mariners unveiled a new poster that declared Safeco Field "The House That Griffey Built."

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: The Mariners moved the fences at Safeco Field closer to home plate before the 2013 season "to create an environment that is fair for both hitters and pitchers," according to General Manager Jack Zduriencik. Safeco Field had been considered one of the most pitcher-friendly ballparks in the majors since it opened. The center field scoreboard and ad panels were replaced with an board during renovations, becoming the largest among all stadium scoreboards in the major leagues at the time.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: After the 2017 season, the field surface, in place since the stadium opened in 1999, underwent its first full replacement. The infield and foul territory were redone in 2012, but the outfield had not been replaced before the resodding.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: The park has four main gates open to all ticketholders during Mariners games, at the southwest, northwest, northeast, and southeast corners. These are identified as Home Plate, Left Field, Center Field, and Right Field, respectively. Entry to all ticketholders is also available through the Mariners Team Store off 1st Avenue and at "The 'Pen" entry behind the bullpens in left field. Special entrances for media and holders of certain ticket levels are on the southwest and south sides of the stadium.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: Several restaurants and food services are available exclusively for fans purchasing certain ticket levels:

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: In the open position, the roof rests over the BNSF Railway tracks that bound the stadium to the east, with part of it hanging over the stands in right field. This has the effect of echoing the whistles from passing trains into the stadium. Train horns were often heard inside the stadium throughout the 2000s, but abated significantly when an overpass was built for Royal Brougham Way, the street that bounds the stadium to the north which previously crossed the tracks.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: On April 7, 2013, Total Pro Sports voted Safeco Field the 8th Best Place to Catch a Game in 2013, mainly owing to the design of the retractable roof.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: The Baseball Museum of the Pacific Northwest pays homage to now-defunct professional baseball teams that played in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and British Columbia before the establishment of the Mariners in . Additionally, it features hands-on displays explaining the composition of baseballs and bats, and the different types of gloves, as well as a replica outfield fence with props to allow fans to photograph themselves pretending to be outfielders.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: Co-located with the Baseball Museum of the Pacific Northwest, the Mariners Hall of Fame features bronze plaques of the nine inducted members: Alvin Davis (1997), Broadcaster Dave Niehaus (2000), Jay Buhner (2004), Edgar Martínez (2007), Randy Johnson (2012), Dan Wilson (2012), Ken Griffey Jr. (2013), Lou Pinella (2014) and Jamie Moyer (2015). The plaques describe their contributions to the franchise, as well as murals and television screens showing highlights of their careers with the Mariners.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: Children's Hospital Playfield is a playground for children at the northeast corner of the stadium on the main concourse. Also in this area is "Moose's Munchies", a concession stand selling ballpark fare in child-sized portions.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: The Moose Den, on the main concourse near the Children's Hospital Playfield, is a meet-and-greet area for the Mariner Moose, the team's mascot.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: In April 2017, a statue of Ken Griffey Jr. by sculptor Lou Cella was unveiled outside the Home Plate Entrance to the ballpark. After the 2017 season, the bat was broken off in an attempt to steal it, but a bystander from the office building across the street ran down the perpetrator and recovered the bat, which was subsequently reattached.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: A bronze statue of Martínez, also made by Cella, was installed in August 2021 on the south side of the stadium near Griffey's statue.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: On May 4, 2007, an NCAA Pacific-10 Conference baseball attendance record was set when the Washington Huskies hosted defending National Champion Oregon State in front of 10,421 spectators. Washington won the game, 6–2.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: Then-Safeco Field was the venue for the first edition of the short-lived Seattle Bowl college football game.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: The stadium hosted several soccer matches before the opening of Lumen Field, which was designed for soccer. To prepare for soccer matches, the field has to be sodded to cover and replace the dirt infield.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: On March 2, 2002, the United States men's national soccer team played Honduras in a friendly match, winning 4–0 in front of a then-record crowd of 38,534.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: The stadium hosted four matches during the 2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup in November, including two matches featuring the United States women's national soccer team, as part of qualification for the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup. The first U.S. match, against Panama, had an attendance of 21,522; the second match, against Costa Rica, was attended by 10,079 fans.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


T-Mobile Park

Context: On March 30, 2003, the stadium hosted WrestleMania XIX, which set an all-time record attendance for the facility of 54,097.

Question: シアトル・マリナーズほホーム球場の名前はなんですか？


Bowie Seamount

Context: Bowie Seamount is a large submarine volcano in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, located west of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: The seamount is also known as Bowie Bank. In the Russian language, Bowie is called Гора Бауи (Gora Baui), which literally means Mount Bowie. In Haida language it is called SG̱aan Ḵinghlas, meaning Supernatural One Looking Outward. It is named after William Bowie of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: The volcano has a flat-topped summit rising about above the seabed, to below sea level. The seamount lies at the southern end of a long underwater volcanic mountain range called the Pratt-Welker or Kodiak-Bowie Seamount chain, stretching from the Aleutian Trench in the north almost to Haida Gwaii in the south.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: Bowie Seamount lies on the Pacific Plate, a large segment of the Earth's surface which moves in a northwestern direction under the Pacific Ocean. It is adjacent to two other submarine volcanoes; Hodgkins Seamount on its northern flank and Graham Seamount on its eastern flank.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: Close to Bowie's submerged summit, former coastlines cut by wave actions and beach deposits show that the submarine volcano would once have stood above sea level, as either a single volcanic island or as a small cluster of shoals that would have been volcanically active. Sea levels during the last glacial period, when Bowie Seamount was formed, were at least lower than they are today. It would have had a land area similar to, if not larger than, Midway Atoll in the central Pacific Ocean.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: There is some disagreement about the origin of Bowie seamount: Geological studies indicate that the Kodiak-Bowie Seamount chain may have formed above a center of upwelling magma called a mantle plume. The seamounts comprising the Kodiak-Bowie Seamount chain would be formed above the mantle plume and carried away from the mantle plume's magmatic source as the Pacific Plate moves in a northwesterly direction towards the Aleutian Trench, along the southern coastline of Alaska.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: Although some of the seamounts in the Kodiak-Bowie Seamount chain appear to follow the expected age progression for a mantle plume trail, others, such as Denson Seamount, are older than that hypothesis would suggest. As a result, the Kodiak-Bowie Seamount chain has also been proposed by geoscientists to be a mix of ridge and mantle plume volcanism.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: In August 1969, Canadian Forces Maritime Command divers made more dives during scientific studies by the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. They found very dense shoals of rockfish floating over Bowie's flat-topped summit and a variety of bottom life. A number of monochrome photographs were taken and a few seaweeds were collected, but no species record was created for other types of oceanic life around Bowie Seamount.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: Scientist Bill Austin of Khoyatan Marine Lab in the Northeast Pacific examined a video made during the National Geographic dives to identify the benthic flora and fauna of Bowie Seamount. From the video, Austin recognized some of the most noticeable invertebrates and noted that a few species generally occurring in the intertidal zone and in shallow subtidal environments were found deeper than might normally be expected, and were bigger than normal.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: To the Haida, the indigenous people who played a key role in establishing the Bowie Seamount Marine Protected Area, the submarine volcano is called "SGaan Kinghlas". In Haida language it means "Supernatural Being Looking Outward".

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: Haida have long recognized seamount as a special place. Gidansda Guujaaw, former President of the Council of the Haida Nation, has said: "SGaan Kinghlas represents a shift in recognizing the need for respect and care for the Earth. This is a very significant turning point in reversing the trends that have been leading to the depletion of life in the sea."

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Bowie Seamount

Context: Given its shallow depth, Bowie Bank is a potential marine hazard. Waves up to high have been recorded along the British Columbia Coast during heavy weather, enough to expose the bank by wave troughs and cause devastation to any vessel transiting the seamount. For this reason, Environment Canada has recognized Bowie Seamount as a hazard to navigation, and it is avoided by shipping vessels.

Question: ボウイ海山を初めて発見したのは誰


Spanish missions in the Americas

Context: The Spanish missions in the Americas were Catholic missions established by the Spanish Empire during the 16th to 19th centuries in the period of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. These missions were scattered throughout the entirety of the Spanish colonies, which extended from Mexico and southwestern portions of the current-day United States to Argentina and Chile.

Question: スペイン人の宣教師はなぜアメリカ大陸にやってきましたか？


Spanish missions in the Americas

Context: The Catholic Church as an institution was interested in redeeming the souls of the indigenous Americans. They believed that they were given the divine right and responsibility of Christianizing as many parts of the world as possible. Missionaries themselves were motivated by the desire to construct the Americas as the site of pure Christianity. Many clergy ventured to the Americas to preach what they felt was a purer form of Christianity, and to redeem the souls of the indigenous peoples.

Question: スペイン人の宣教師はなぜアメリカ大陸にやってきましたか？


Spanish missions in the Americas

Context: Franciscan missionaries were the first to arrive in New Spain, in 1523, following the Cortes expeditions in Mexico, and soon after began establishing missions across the continents. The Franciscan missionaries were split evenly and sent to Mexico, Texcoco, and Tlaxcala. In addition to their primary goal of spreading Christianity, the missionaries studied the native languages, taught children to read and write, and taught adults trades such as carpentry and ceramics.

Question: スペイン人の宣教師はなぜアメリカ大陸にやってきましたか？


Spanish missions in the Americas

Context: Another major Jesuit effort was that of Eusebio Kino S.J., in the region then known as the Pimería Alta – modern-day Sonora in Mexico and southern Arizona in the United States.

Question: スペイン人の宣教師はなぜアメリカ大陸にやってきましたか？


Spanish missions in the Americas

Context: Therefore, the religious orders that had vowed themselves to poverty had become some of the wealthiest institutions in the Americas. All of this production was at the expense of the indigenous who were converted and colonized, as it was the indigenous people who completed the labor-based tasks. As we can see, the spread of Catholicism was highly profitable to the Catholic Church.

Question: スペイン人の宣教師はなぜアメリカ大陸にやってきましたか？


Spanish missions in the Americas

Context: The most notable example of rebellion against colonization is the Pueblo Revolt in 1680, in which the Zuni, Hopi, as well as Tiwa, Tewa, Towa, Tano, and Keres-speaking Pueblos took control of Santa Fe and drove the Spanish colonial presence out of New Mexico with heavy casualties on the Spanish side, including 21 of the 33 Franciscan missionaries in New Mexico. The region remained autonomous under native control despite multiple non-violent attempts at peace treaties and trade agreements until 1692.

Question: スペイン人の宣教師はなぜアメリカ大陸にやってきましたか？


Spanish missions in the Americas

Context: The first African Catholic slaves that arrived in what would eventually become the United States primarily came under the Spanish flag. Esteban, an African Catholic enslaved by Spaniards, was among the first European group to enter the region in 1528, via what would become Florida. He would go on to serve on various other North American expeditions.

Question: スペイン人の宣教師はなぜアメリカ大陸にやってきましたか？


Spanish missions in the Americas

Context: As early as the 17th century, Spanish Florida acted as a haven for fugitive slaves from the Southern colonies. The Spanish colonial authorities in Florida freed slaves who reached their territory if they converted to Roman Catholicism. Most such freedmen settled in the St. Augustine area at Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose (Fort Mose), the first settlement of former slaves in North America.

Question: スペイン人の宣教師はなぜアメリカ大陸にやってきましたか？


Spanish missions in the Americas

Context: Spain also settled the California region with a number of African and mulatto Catholics, including at least ten of the recently re-discovered Los Pobladores, the founders of Los Angeles in 1781.

Question: スペイン人の宣教師はなぜアメリカ大陸にやってきましたか？


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork (13 October 1566 – 15 September 1643), also known as the Great Earl of Cork, was an English politician who served as Lord Treasurer of the Kingdom of Ireland.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: Lord Cork was an important figure in the continuing English colonisation of Ireland in the 16th and 17th centuries, as he acquired large tracts of land in plantations in Munster in southern Ireland. Moreover, his sons played an important role in fighting against the Irish Catholic rebellion in the 1640s and 1650s, assisting in the victory of the British and Protestant interest in Ireland.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: In addition to being the first Earl of Cork, he was the patriarch of the Boyle family through his many prominent descendants, whose titles included Earl of Orrery (1660), Earl of Burlington (1664) and Earl of Shannon (1756).

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: Boyle was born at Canterbury on 3 October 1566, the second son of Roger Boyle (d. 24 March 1576 at Preston, near Faversham in Kent), a descendant of an ancient landed Herefordshire family, and of Joan (15 October 1529 –20 March 1586), daughter of John Naylor, who were married in Canterbury on 16 October 1564. Both his parents are interred in an alabaster tomb at the upper end of the chancel of the parish church of Preston. His elder brother was John Boyle, Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: Young Boyle went to The King's School, Canterbury, at the same time as Christopher Marlowe. His university education began at Bennet (Corpus Christi) College, Cambridge, England, in 1583. After this he studied law at the Middle Temple in London and became a clerk to Sir Roger Manwood, Kt., who was then the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: Before completing his studies, Boyle decided "to gain learning, knowledge, and experience abroad in the world" and left London for a new start in Ireland. He arrived in Dublin on 23 June 1588 with just over £27 (equivalent to £ in ),as well as a gold bracelet worth £10 (£ in ), and a diamond ring (given to him by his mother at her death and which he wore all his life), besides some fine clothing, and his "rapier and dagger".

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: In 1590 he obtained the appointment of deputy Escheator to John Crofton, the Escheator-General. On 6 November 1595, he married Joan Apsley, the daughter and co-heiress of William Apsley of Limerick, one of the council to the first President of the province of Munster. This marriage brought Boyle an estate of £500 a year (equivalent to £ in ), which he continued to receive until at least 1632.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: Joan died at Mallow, County Cork on 14 December 1599 during childbirth (the son was still-born). Both were buried in Buttevant church, County Cork.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: It is said by his detractors that unlike many of his other close relatives whom he took great care to commemorate, he took no trouble to have Joan commemorated after her death, leading to the conviction among some that his (in every sense) monumental commemorative endeavours were entirely practical (in terms of securing his personal objectives) rather than sentimental (her connections being of no direct use to him after her death).

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: Boyle by this time had been the object of the attacks of Sir Henry Wallop, Treasurer at War, Sir Robert Gardiner, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, Sir Robert Dillon, Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas, and Sir Richard Bingham, Chief Commissioner of Connaught, a demonstration, said Boyle, of their envy of his success and increasing prosperity.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: This turn of events left him obliged to return to London and his chambers at The Temple. At this point he was almost immediately taken into the service of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: Elizabeth famously said: "By God's death, these are but inventions against the young man" and she also said he was "a man fit to be employed by ourselves".

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: He was immediately appointed Clerk of the Council of Munster by Elizabeth I in 1600. In December 1601, Boyle brought to Elizabeth the news of the victory near Kinsale.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: In October 1602, Boyle was again sent over by Sir George Carew, the president of Munster, on Irish affairs. He was knighted at St Mary's Abbey, near Dublin, by Carew on 25 July 1603. the same day that he married his second wife, Catherine, daughter of Sir Geoffrey Fenton, Principal Secretary of State. In 1606 he was appointed as Privy Councillor for Munster and 1612 as Privy Councillor for Ireland.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: The town of Clonakilty was formally founded in 1613 by him when he received a charter from King James I of England.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった


Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork

Context: Boyle was then returned as a burgh commissioner (Member of Parliament) for Lismore in the Irish Parliament of 1614, (held at Dublin Castle) on 18 May 1614. He ascended to the Irish Peerage as Lord Boyle, Baron of Youghal on 6 September 1616.

Question: 初代コーク伯爵はなぜ成り上がった