Jules Verne

Context: A primary issue at the heart of the dispute is the question of whether Verne's works count as science fiction to begin with. Maurice Renard claimed that Verne "never wrote a single sentence of scientific-marvelous". Verne himself argued repeatedly in interviews that his novels were not meant to be read as scientific, saying "I have invented nothing". His own goal was rather to "depict the earth [and] at the same time to realize a very high ideal of beauty of style", as he pointed out in an example:

Question: Missä Jules Verne kuoli?


Jules Verne

Context: Ray Bradbury summed up Verne's influence on literature and science the world over by saying: "We are all, in one way or another, the children of Jules Verne."

Question: Missä Jules Verne kuoli?


Sega

Context: Sega also made forays in the PC market with the 1995 establishment of SegaSoft, which was tasked with creating original Saturn and PC games. From 1994 to 1999, Sega also participated in the arcade pinball market when it took over Data East's pinball division, renaming it Sega Pinball.

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Sega

Context: Sega Sammy Holdings announced in April 2017 that it would relocate its head office functions and domestic subsidiaries located in the Tokyo metropolitan area to Shinagawa-ku by January 2018. This was to consolidate scattered head office functions including Sega Sammy Holdings, Sammy Corporation, Sega Holdings, Sega Games, Atlus, Sammy Network, and Dartslive. Sega's previous headquarters in Ōta was sold in 2019 and will likely be torn down.

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Sega

Context: On April 1, 2020, Sega Interactive merged with Sega Games Co., Ltd. The company was again renamed Sega Corporation, while Sega Holdings Co., Ltd. was renamed Sega Group Corporation. According to a company statement, the move was made to allow greater research and development flexibility. In April 2020, Sega sold Demiurge Studios to Demiurge co-founder Albert Reed. Demiurge said it would continue to support the mobile games it developed under Sega.

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Sega

Context: As part of the company's 60th anniversary of the brand name, Sega announced the Game Gear Micro microconsole, scheduled for October 6, 2020 in Japan. In announcement that was dubbed "revolutionary", Sega also announced its Fog Gaming platform, which will use the unused processing power of arcade machines in Japanese arcades overnight to help power cloud gaming applications.

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Sega

Context: Contrasting its losses brought forth by amusement operations in 2020, sales and critical reception of Sega's home console games improved; Metacritic named Sega the best publisher of the year in 2020. Of its 28 releases that year, 95% had "good" Metacritic scores (above 75%), including two with "great" scores (above 90% for "Persona 5 Royal" and "Yakuza 0"), with an average Metacritic score of 81.6% for all 2020 Sega releases.

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Sega

Context: Sega's global headquarters are in Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Sega also has offices in Irvine, California (as Sega of America), in London (as Sega Europe), in Seoul, South Korea (as Sega Publishing Korea), and in Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Taipei. In other regions, Sega has contracted distributors for its games and consoles, such as Tectoy in Brazil. Sega has had offices in France, Germany, Spain, and Australia; those markets have since contracted distributors.

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Sega

Context: In 2015, Sega and Japanese advertising agency Hakuhodo formed a joint venture, Stories LLC, to create entertainment for film and TV. Stories LLC has exclusive licensing rights to adapt Sega properties into film and television, and has partnered with producers to develop series based on properties including "Shinobi", "Golden Axe", "Virtua Fighter", "The House of the Dead", and "Crazy Taxi".

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Sega

Context: As a games publisher, Sega produces games through its research and development teams. The "Sonic the Hedgehog" franchise, maintained through Sega's Sonic Team division, is one of the best-selling franchises in the history of video games. Sega has also acquired third-party studios, including ordered by assigned division:

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Sega

Context: Sega still operates first-party studios as departments of its research and development division. Sonic Team exists as Sega's CS2 research and development department, while Sega's CS3 department has developed games such as "Phantasy Star Online 2", and Sega Interactive's AM2 department has more recently worked on projects such as smartphone game "Soul Reverse Zero". Toshihiro Nagoshi remains involved with research and development as Sega's chief creative officer while working on the "Yakuza" series.

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Sega

Context: Sega is one of the world's most prolific arcade game producers, having developed more than 500 games, 70 franchises, and 20 arcade system boards since 1981. It has been recognized by Guinness World Records for this achievement. Of Sega's arcade division, "Eurogamer"'s Martin Robinson said, "It's boisterous, broad and with a neat sense of showmanship running through its range. On top of that, it has something that's often evaded its console-dwelling cousin: success."

Question: Mikä oli Segan ensimmäinen peli?


Chibi Vampire

Context: In 2005, an anime television series adaptation was animated by J.C.Staff and directed by Shinichiro Kimura. Spanning twenty-four episodes, the series aired in Japan on WOWOW from November 4, 2005 through May 12, 2006. It was licensed for an English release to Region 1 DVD, under the original name "Karin", by Geneon USA. On July 3, 2008, Geneon Entertainment and Funimation Entertainment announced that Funimation had agreed to be the exclusive North American distributor of Geneon titles, including "Karin".

Question: Mistä tulee englannin kielinen nimi Chibi Vampire?


Chibi Vampire

Context: "Chibi Vampire: The Novel" is closely tied to the manga series, with each novel volume designed to be read after its corresponding manga volume. For example, the first novel takes place between the events that occur in the first and second volumes of the manga series, and the fourth volume of the manga mentions characters and events from the first novel volume.

Question: Mistä tulee englannin kielinen nimi Chibi Vampire?


Chibi Vampire

Context: In 2007, the "Chibi Vampire" light novel series was a runner up for the Kadokawa Shoten's first annual Light Novel Award in the "Novelization" category.

Question: Mistä tulee englannin kielinen nimi Chibi Vampire?


George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston

Context: Despite his successes as both Viceroy of India and Foreign Secretary, Curzon was in 1923 denied the office of Prime Minister. Bonar Law and several other Conservative Party leaders preferred Stanley Baldwin rather than Curzon for Prime Minister. The contemporary Conservative historian David Gilmour, in his prize-winning biography "Curzon: Imperial Statesman" (1994), contends that Curzon deserved to be Prime Minister.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: He was educated at Wixenford School, Eton College, and Balliol College, Oxford. His over-intimate relationship at Eton College with Oscar Browning led to the latter's dismissal. A spinal injury incurred whilst riding during his adolescence was a lifelong impediment to Curzon that required him to wear a metal corset for the remainder of his life.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Curzon was appalled by his government's apathy towards Persia as a valuable defensive buffer to India from Russian encroachment. Years later Curzon would lament that "Persia has alternatively advanced and receded in the estimation of British statesmen, occupying now a position of extravagant prominence, anon one of unmerited obscurity."

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: She was buried in the church at Kedleston, where Curzon designed his memorial for her, a Gothic chapel added to the north side of the nave. Although he was neither a devout nor a conventional churchman, Curzon retained a simple religious faith; in later years he sometimes said that he was not afraid of death because it would enable him to join Mary in heaven.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: In January 1899 he was appointed Viceroy of India. He was created a baron in the peerage of Ireland as Baron Curzon of Kedleston, in the County of Derby, on his appointment. As such he was "ex officio" Grand Master of the Order of the Indian Empire and Order of the Star of India. This peerage was created in the Peerage of Ireland (the last so created) so that he would be free, until his father's death, to re-enter the House of Commons on his return to Britain.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: At the end of 1903, Curzon sent a British expedition to Tibet under Francis Younghusband, ostensibly to forestall a Russian advance. After bloody conflicts with Tibet's poorly armed defenders, the mission penetrated to Lhasa, where the Treaty of Lhasa was signed in September 1904.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: During his tenure, Curzon undertook the restoration of the Taj Mahal and expressed satisfaction that he had done so. Curzon was influenced by Hindu philosophy and quoted:

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Within India, Curzon appointed a number of commissions to inquire into education, irrigation, police and other branches of administration, on whose reports legislation was based during his second term of office as viceroy. Reappointed Governor-General in August 1904, he presided over the 1905 partition of Bengal.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Mary died in 1906 and Curzon devoted himself to private matters, including establishing a new home. After the death of Lord Goschen in 1907, the post of Chancellor of Oxford University fell vacant. Curzon successfully became elected as Chancellor of Oxford after he won by 1,001 votes to 440 against Lord Rosebery. He proved to be quite an active chancellor – "[he] threw himself so energetically into the cause of university reform that critics complained he was ruling Oxford like an Indian province."

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: He became involved with saving Tattershall Castle, Lincolnshire, from destruction. This experience strengthened his resolve for heritage protection. He was one of the sponsors of the Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: On 5 May 1914, he spoke out against a bill in the House of Lords that would have permitted women who already had the right to vote in local elections the right to vote for members of Parliament.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: After a long affair with the romantic novelist Elinor Glyn, Curzon married the former Grace Elvina Hinds in January 1917. She was the wealthy Alabama-born widow of Alfredo Huberto Duggan (died 1915), a first-generation Irish Argentinian appointed to the Argentine Legation in London in 1905. Elinor Glyn was staying with Curzon at the time of the engagement and read about it in the morning newspapers.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: In 1917, Curzon bought Bodiam Castle in East Sussex, a 14th-century building that had been gutted during the English Civil War. He restored it extensively, and then bequeathed it to the National Trust.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Other cabinet ministers also respected his vast knowledge of Central Asia but disliked his arrogance and often blunt criticism. Believing that the Foreign Secretary should be non-partisan, he would objectively present all the information on a subject to the Cabinet, as if placing faith in his colleagues to reach the appropriate decision. Conversely, Curzon would take personally and respond aggressively to any criticism.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: It has been suggested that Curzon's defensiveness reflected institutional insecurity by the Foreign Office as a whole. During the 1920s the Foreign Office was often a passive participant in decisions which were mainly reactive and dominated by the Prime Minister. The creation of the job of Colonial Secretary, the Cabinet Secretariat and the League of Nations added to the Foreign Office's insecurity.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: After nine months as acting Secretary while Balfour was at the Paris Peace Conference, Curzon was appointed Foreign Secretary in October 1919. He gave his name to the British government's proposed Soviet-Polish boundary, the Curzon Line of December 1919. Although during the subsequent Russo-Polish War, Poland conquered ground in the east, after World War II, Poland was shifted westwards, leaving the border between Poland and its eastern neighbours today approximately at the Curzon Line.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Curzon was largely responsible for the Peace Day ceremonies on 19 July 1919. These included the plaster Cenotaph, designed by the noted architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, for the Allied Victory parade in London. It was so successful that it was reproduced in stone, and still stands.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: He helped to negotiate Egyptian independence (granted in 1922) and the division of the British Mandate of Palestine, despite the strong disagreement he held with the policy of his predecessor Arthur Balfour, and helped create the Emirate of Transjordan for Faisal's brother, which may also have delayed the problems there. According to Sir David Gilmour, Curzon "was the only senior figure in the British government at the time who foresaw that its policy would lead to decades of Arab–Jewish hostility".

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: During the Irish War of Independence, but before the introduction of martial law in December 1920, Curzon suggested the "Indian" solution of blockading villages and imposing collective fines for attacks on the police and army.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: In 1921 Curzon was created Earl of Kedleston, in the County of Derby, and Marquess Curzon of Kedleston.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: In 1922, he was the chief negotiator for the Allies of the Treaty of Lausanne, which officially ended the war with the Ottoman Empire and defined the borders of Turkey.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Unlike many leading Conservative members of Lloyd George's Coalition Cabinet, Curzon ceased to support Lloyd George over the Chanak Crisis and had just resigned when Conservative backbenchers voted at the Carlton Club meeting to end the Coalition in October 1922. Curzon was thus able to remain Foreign Secretary when Bonar Law formed a purely Conservative ministry.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: On Bonar Law's retirement as prime minister in May 1923, Curzon was passed over for the job in favour of Stanley Baldwin, despite his eagerness for the job.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Winston Churchill, one of Curzon's main rivals, accurately contended that Curzon "sow[ed] gratitude and resentment along his path with equally lavish hands". Even contemporaries who envied Curzon, such as Baldwin, conceded that Curzon was, in the words of his biographer Leonard Mosley, "a devoted and indefatigable public servant, dedicated to the idea of Empire".

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Curzon, summoned by Stamfordham, rushed to London assuming he was to be appointed. He burst into tears when told the truth. He later ridiculed Baldwin as "a man of the utmost insignificance", although he served under Baldwin and proposed him for the leadership of the Conservative Party. Curzon remained foreign secretary under Baldwin until the government fell in January 1924. When Baldwin formed a new government in November 1924 he appointed Curzon Lord President of the Council.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Curzon's rejection was a turning point in the nation's political history. Henceforth Lords were barred from leading political parties and becoming prime minister. It was now an age of democracy that made it unacceptable for the prime minister to be based in an unelected and largely powerless chamber.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Upon his death the barony, earldom and marquessate of Curzon of Kedleston and the earldom of Kedleston became extinct, whilst the viscountcy and barony of Scarsdale were inherited by a nephew. The barony of Ravensdale was inherited by his eldest daughter Mary and is today held by his second daughter Cynthia's great-grandson, Daniel Nicholas Mosley, 4th Baron Ravensdale.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: There is a blue plaque on the house in London where Curzon lived and died, No. 1 Carlton House Terrace, Westminster.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: In 1911 he was created Earl Curzon of Kedleston, Viscount Scarsdale, and Baron Ravensdale. All of these titles were in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Upon his father's death in 1916, he also became 5th Baron Scarsdale, in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title had been created in 1761.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Few statesmen have experienced such changes in fortune in both their public and their personal lives.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Curzon's career was an almost unparalleled blend of triumph and disappointment. Although he was the last and in many ways the greatest of Victorian viceroys, his term of office ended in resignation, empty of recognition and barren of reward... he was unable to assert himself fully as Foreign Secretary until the last weeks of Lloyd George's premiership. And finally, after he had restored his reputation at Lausanne, his last ambition was thwarted by George V.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Critics generally agreed that Curzon never reached the heights that his youthful talents had seemed destined to reach. This sense of opportunities missed was summed up by Winston Churchill in his book "Great Contemporaries" (1937):The morning had been golden; the noontide was bronze; and the evening lead. But all were polished till it shone after its fashion.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Churchill also wrote there was certainly something lacking in Curzon:it was certainly not information nor application, nor power of speech nor attractiveness of manner and appearance. Everything was in his equipment. You could unpack his knapsack and take an inventory item by item. Nothing on the list was missing, yet somehow or other the total was incomplete.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: His Cabinet colleague The Earl of Crawford provided a withering personal judgment in his diary; "I never knew a man less loved by his colleagues and more hated by his subordinates, never a man so bereft of conscience, of charity or of gratitude. On the other hand the combination of power, of industry, and of ambition with a mean personality is almost without parallel. I never attended a funeral ceremony at which the congregation was so dry-eyed!"

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: The first leader of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru, paid Curzon a surprising tribute, referring to the fact that Curzon as Viceroy exhibited real love of Indian culture and ordered a restoration project for several historic monuments, including the Taj Mahal:

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: After every other Viceroy has been forgotten, Curzon will be remembered because he restored all that was beautiful in India.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: By special remainders, although he had no son, two of Curzon's peerages survive to the present day. His barony of Ravensdale went first to his eldest daughter, Irene Curzon, 2nd Baroness Ravensdale, and then to his grandson Nicholas Mosley, both of whom sat in the House of Lords, while his Viscount Scarsdale title went to a nephew. His great-great-grandson Daniel Mosley, 4th Baron Ravensdale, is a current member of the House of Lords, having been elected as a representative hereditary peer.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Curzon Hall, the home of the faculty of science at the University of Dhaka, is named after him. Lord Curzon himself inaugurated the building in 1904.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Curzon Gate, a ceremonial gate, was erected by Maharaja Bijay Chand Mahatab in the heart of Burdwan town and was renamed to commemorate Lord Curzon's visit to the town in 1904, which was renamed as Bijay Toran after the independence of India in 1947.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: In Kolkata, which was, as Calcutta, the capital of British India during Curzon's tenure as viceroy, Curzon park was named in his honour. It has since been renamed as Surendranath Park, but the old name is still in popular use.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Context: Curzon Road, the road connecting India Gate, the memorial dedicated to the Indian fallen during the Great War of 1914–18, and Connaught Place, in New Delhi was named after him. It has since been renamed Kasturba Gandhi Marg. The apartment buildings on the same road are still named after him.

Question: Minä vuonna George Curzon kuoli?


Grand Duchy of Finland

Context: Originally, there were no regulations regarding merchant flags until 3 October 1821, when Finnish ships were given the right to fly the Russian flag without permission. White, blue and red flags with the Russian flag in the corner were also used. Later on six and nine-striped flags with the colors of the Russian flag twice or thrice saw some use.

Question: Mitkä alueet Venäjä on vallannut Suomen alkuperäisistä alueista?


Grand Duchy of Finland

Context: A blue cross flag similar to that of the modern flag of Finland was first used by the yacht club Nyländska Jaktklubben in 1861, equipped with the coat of arms of Uusimaa in the upper corner. It was inspired by the similar flag used by the Neva Yacht Club. The flag of the yacht club was made official by the Senate in 1890 when the Swedish-speaking Östra Nylands Segelförening adopted the Flag of Sweden.

Question: Mitkä alueet Venäjä on vallannut Suomen alkuperäisistä alueista?


Grand Duchy of Finland

Context: At the end of the 19th century, flags with the coat of arms were used in unofficial contexts such as private estates and protests. In official contexts, the Russian white-blue-red tricolour was primarily used.

Question: Mitkä alueet Venäjä on vallannut Suomen alkuperäisistä alueista?


Theropoda

Context: Diet is largely deduced by the tooth morphology, tooth marks on bones of the prey, and gut contents. Some theropods, such as "Baryonyx", "Lourinhanosaurus", ornithomimosaurs, and birds, are known to use gastroliths, or gizzard-stones.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: The largest extant theropod is the common ostrich, up to 2.74 m (9 ft) tall and weighing between 90 and 130 kg (200 - 290 lb).The smallest non-avialan theropod known from adult specimens is the troodontid "Anchiornis huxleyi", at 110 grams in weight and 34 centimeters (1 ft) in length. When modern birds are included, the bee hummingbird "Mellisuga helenae" is smallest at 1.9 g and 5.5 cm (2.2 in) long.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: Recent theories propose that theropod body size shrank continuously over a period of 50 million years, from an average of down to , eventually evolving into modern birds. This was based on evidence that theropods were the only dinosaurs to get continuously smaller, and that their skeletons changed four times as fast as those of other dinosaur species.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: Shortened forelimbs in relation to hind legs was a common trait among theropods, most notably in the abelisaurids (such as "Carnotaurus") and the tyrannosaurids (such as "Tyrannosaurus"). This trait was, however, not universal: spinosaurids had well developed forelimbs, as did many coelurosaurs. The relatively robust forelimbs of one genus, "Xuanhanosaurus", led Dong Zhiming to suggest that the animal might have been quadrupedal. However, this is no longer thought to be likely.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: The hands are also very different among the different groups. The most common form among non-avian theropods is an appendage consisting of three fingers; the digits I, II and III (or possibly II, III and IV), with sharp claws. Some basal theropods (e.g. "Herrerasaurus", "Eoraptor") had four digits, and also a reduced metacarpal V. Ceratosaurians usually had four digits, while most tetanurans had three.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: The forelimbs' scope of use is also believed to have also been different among different families. The spinosaurids could have used their powerful forelimbs to hold fish. Some small maniraptorans such as scansoriopterygids are believed to have used their forelimbs to climb in trees. The wings of modern birds are used primarily for flight, though they are adapted for other purposes in certain groups. For example, aquatic birds such as penguins use their wings as flippers.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: During the late Triassic, a number of primitive proto-theropod and theropod dinosaurs existed and evolved alongside each other.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: The somewhat more advanced ceratosaurs (including "Ceratosaurus" and "Carnotaurus") appeared during the Early Jurassic and continued through to the Late Jurassic in Laurasia. They competed alongside their more anatomically advanced tetanuran relatives and—in the form of the abelisaur lineage—lasted to the end of the Cretaceous in Gondwana.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: Thus, during the late Jurassic, there were no fewer than four distinct lineages of theropods—ceratosaurs, megalosaurs, allosaurs, and coelurosaurs—preying on the abundance of small and large herbivorous dinosaurs. All four groups survived into the Cretaceous, and three of those—the ceratosaurs, coelurosaurs, and allosaurs—survived to end of the period, where they were geographically separate, the ceratosaurs and allosaurs in Gondwana, and the coelurosaurs in Laurasia.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: The evolution of birds from other theropod dinosaurs has also been reported, with some of the linking features being the furcula (wishbone), air-filled bones, brooding of the eggs, and (in coelurosaurs, at least) feathers.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: The following is a simplified classification of theropod groups based on their evolutionary relationships, and organized based on the list of Mesozoic dinosaur species provided by Holtz. A more detailed version can be found at dinosaur classification.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: *†Megaraptora (A group of medium to large Orionides with unknown affinities, quite common in the southern hemisphere)

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Theropoda

Context: The following family tree illustrates a synthesis of the relationships of the major theropod groups based on various studies conducted in the 2010s.

Question: Mitä theropoda tarkoittaa?


Brackish water

Context: Brackish water condition commonly occurs when fresh water meets seawater. In fact, the most extensive brackish water habitats worldwide are estuaries, where a river meets the sea.

Question: Miten määritellään murtovesiallas?


Brackish water

Context: Estuaries are also commonly used as fishing grounds, and as places for fish farming or ranching. For example, Atlantic salmon farms are often located in estuaries, although this has caused controversy, because in doing so, fish farmers expose migrating wild fish to large numbers of external parasites such as sea lice that escape from the pens the farmed fish are kept in.

Question: Miten määritellään murtovesiallas?


Brackish water

Context: Although often plagued with mosquitoes and other insects that make them unpleasant for humans, mangrove swamps are very important buffer zones between land and sea, and are a natural defense against hurricane and tsunami damage in particular.

Question: Miten määritellään murtovesiallas?


Brackish water

Context: The Sundarbans and Bhitarkanika Mangroves are two of the large mangrove forests in the world, both on the coast of the Bay of Bengal.

Question: Miten määritellään murtovesiallas?


Brackish water

Context: The Caspian Sea is the world's largest lake and contains brackish water with a salinity about one-third that of normal seawater. The Caspian is famous for its peculiar animal fauna, including one of the few non-marine seals (the Caspian seal) and the great sturgeons, a major source of caviar.

Question: Miten määritellään murtovesiallas?


Brackish water

Context: Hudson Bay is a brackish marginal sea of the Arctic ocean, it remains brackish due its limited connections to the open ocean, very high levels freshwater surface runoff input from the large Hudson Bay drainage basin, and low rate of evaporation due to being completely covered in ice for over half the year.

Question: Miten määritellään murtovesiallas?


Brackish water

Context: In the Black Sea the surface water is brackish with an average salinity of about 17-18 parts per thousand compared to 30 to 40 for the oceans. The deep, anoxic water of the Black Sea originates from warm, salty water of the Mediterranean.

Question: Miten määritellään murtovesiallas?


Brackish water

Context: Brackish water is being used by humans in many different sectors. It is commonly used as cooling water for power generation and in a variety of ways in the mining, oil, and gas industries. Once desalinated it can also be used for agriculture, livestock, and municipal uses. Brackish water can be treated using reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and other filtration processes.

Question: Miten määritellään murtovesiallas?


Qigong

Context: Qigong (), qi gong, chi kung, chi 'ung, or chi gung () is a system of coordinated body-posture and movement, breathing, and meditation used for the purposes of health, spirituality, and martial-arts training. With roots in Chinese medicine, philosophy, and martial arts, "qigong" is traditionally viewed by the Chinese and throughout Asia as a practice to cultivate and balance qi (pronounced approximately as "chi" or "chee"), translated as "life energy".

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: "Qigong" practice typically involves moving meditation, coordinating slow-flowing movement, deep rhythmic breathing, and a calm meditative state of mind. People practice "qigong" throughout China and worldwide for recreation, exercise, relaxation, preventive medicine, self-healing, alternative medicine, meditation, self-cultivation, and training for martial arts.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: "Qigong" (Pinyin), "ch'i kung" (Wade-Giles), and "chi gung" (Yale) are Romanized words for two Chinese characters: qì ('／') and gōng ().

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: The term "qigong" as currently used was promoted in the late 1940s through the 1950s to refer to a broad range of Chinese self-cultivation exercises, and to emphasize health and scientific approaches, while de-emphasizing spiritual practices, mysticism, and elite lineages.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: Since the 1999 crackdown, "qigong" research and practice have only been officially supported in the context of health and traditional Chinese medicine. The Chinese Health Qigong Association, established in 2000, strictly regulates public "qigong" practice, with limitation of public gatherings, requirement of state approved training and certification of instructors, and restriction of practice to state-approved forms.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: As moving meditation, "qigong" practice typically coordinates slow stylized movement, deep diaphragmatic breathing, and calm mental focus, with visualization of guiding "qi" through the body. While implementation details vary, generally "qigong" forms can be characterized as a mix of four types of practice: dynamic, static, meditative, and activities requiring external aids.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: involves holding postures for sustained periods of time. In some cases this bears resemblance to the practice of Yoga and its continuation in the Buddhist tradition. For example Yiquan, a Chinese martial art derived from xingyiquan, emphasizes static stance training. In another example, the healing form Eight Pieces of Brocade (Baduanjin qigong) is based on a series of static postures.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: Many systems of "qigong" practice include the use of external agents such as ingestion of herbs, massage, physical manipulation, or interaction with other living organisms. For example, specialized food and drinks are used in some medical and Daoist forms, whereas massage and body manipulation are sometimes used in martial arts forms. In some medical systems a "qigong" master uses non-contact treatment, purportedly guiding qi through his or her own body into the body of another person.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: There are numerous "qigong" forms. 75 ancient forms that can be found in ancient literature and also 56 common or contemporary forms have been described in a "qigong" compendium. The list is by no means exhaustive. Many contemporary forms were developed by people who had recovered from their illness after "qigong" practice.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: In 2010, the Chinese Health Qigong Association officially introduced five additional health "qigong" forms:

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: Whether viewed from the perspective of exercise, health, philosophy, or martial arts training, several main principles emerge concerning the practice of qigong:

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: Over time, five distinct traditions or schools of "qigong" developed in China, each with its own theories and characteristics: Chinese Medical Qigong, Daoist Qigong, Buddhist Qigong, Confucian Qigong, and Martial Qigong. All of these "qigong" traditions include practices intended to cultivate and balance qi.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: In Daoism, various practices now known as Daoist "qigong" are claimed to provide a way to achieve longevity and spiritual enlightenment, as well as a closer connection with the natural world.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: In Buddhism meditative practices now known as Buddhist "qigong" are part of a spiritual path that leads to spiritual enlightenment or Buddhahood.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: In Confucianism practices now known as Confucian "qigong" provide a means to become a Junzi () through awareness of morality.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: Scientists interested in "qigong" have sought to describe or verify the effects of "qigong", to explore mechanisms of effects, to form scientific theory with respect to "qigong", and to identify appropriate research methodology for further study. In terms of traditional theory, the existence of "qi" has not been independently verified in an experimental setting. In any case, some researches have reported effects on pathophysiological parameters of biomedical interest.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: People practice "qigong" for many different reasons, including for recreation, exercise and relaxation, preventive medicine and self-healing, meditation and self-cultivation, and training for martial arts. Practitioners range from athletes to people with disabilities. Because it is low impact and can be done lying, sitting, or standing, "qigong" is accessible for people with disabilities, seniors, and people recovering from injuries.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: A 2009 systematic review on the effect of "qigong" exercises on reducing pain concluded that "the existing trial evidence is not convincing enough to suggest that internal qigong is an effective modality for pain management."

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: Many claims have been made that "qigong" can benefit or ameliorate mental health conditions, including improved mood, decreased stress reaction, and decreased anxiety and depression. Most medical studies have only examined psychological factors as secondary goals, although various studies have shown decreases in cortisol levels, a chemical hormone produced by the body in response to stress.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: Basic and clinical research in China during the 1980s was mostly descriptive, and few results were reported in peer-reviewed English-language journals. "Qigong" became known outside China in the 1990s, and clinical randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of "qigong" on health and mental conditions began to be published worldwide, along with systematic reviews.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: "Qigong" is practiced for meditation and self-cultivation as part of various philosophical and spiritual traditions. As meditation, "qigong" is a means to still the mind and enter a state of consciousness that brings serenity, clarity, and bliss. Many practitioners find "qigong", with its gentle focused movement, to be more accessible than seated meditation.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Qigong

Context: "Qigong" for self-cultivation can be classified in terms of traditional Chinese philosophy: Daoist, Buddhist, and Confucian.

Question: Mikä on qigong-liike?


Nuclear weapon

Context: A nuclear weapon (also known as an atom bomb, atomic bomb, nuclear bomb or nuclear warhead, and colloquially as an A-bomb or nuke) is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb). Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: The first test of a fission ("atomic") bomb released an amount of energy approximately equal to . The first thermonuclear ("hydrogen") bomb test released energy approximately equal to . Nuclear bombs have had yields between 10 tons TNT (the W54) and 50 megatons for the Tsar Bomba (see TNT equivalent). A thermonuclear weapon weighing as little as can release energy equal to more than .

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: A nuclear device no larger than a conventional bomb can devastate an entire city by blast, fire, and radiation. Since they are weapons of mass destruction, the proliferation of nuclear weapons is a focus of international relations policy. Nuclear weapons have been deployed twice in war, by the United States against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 during World War II.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons aims to reduce the spread of nuclear weapons, but its effectiveness has been questioned. Modernisation of weapons continues to this day.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: There are two basic types of nuclear weapons: those that derive the majority of their energy from nuclear fission reactions alone, and those that use fission reactions to begin nuclear fusion reactions that produce a large amount of the total energy output.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: All existing nuclear weapons derive some of their explosive energy from nuclear fission reactions. Weapons whose explosive output is exclusively from fission reactions are commonly referred to as atomic bombs or atom bombs (abbreviated as A-bombs). This has long been noted as something of a misnomer, as their energy comes from the nucleus of the atom, just as it does with fusion weapons.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: A major challenge in all nuclear weapon designs is to ensure that a significant fraction of the fuel is consumed before the weapon destroys itself. The amount of energy released by fission bombs can range from the equivalent of just under a ton to upwards of 500,000 tons (500 kilotons) of TNT ().

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: The most commonly used fissile materials for nuclear weapons applications have been uranium-235 and plutonium-239. Less commonly used has been uranium-233. Neptunium-237 and some isotopes of americium may be usable for nuclear explosives as well, but it is not clear that this has ever been implemented, and their plausible use in nuclear weapons is a matter of dispute.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: In connection with the Strategic Defense Initiative, research into the nuclear pumped laser was conducted under the DOD program Project Excalibur but this did not result in a working weapon. The concept involves the tapping of the energy of an exploding nuclear bomb to power a single-shot laser that is directed at a distant target.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Nuclear isomers provide a possible pathway to fissionless fusion bombs. These are naturally occurring isotopes (178m2Hf being a prominent example) which exist in an elevated energy state. Mechanisms to release this energy as bursts of gamma radiation (as in the hafnium controversy) have been proposed as possible triggers for conventional thermonuclear reactions.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Most variation in nuclear weapon design is for the purpose of achieving different yields for different situations, and in manipulating design elements to attempt to minimize weapon size, radiation hardness or requirements for special materials, especially fissile fuel or tritium.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Some nuclear weapons are designed for special purposes; most of these are for non-strategic (decisively war-winning) purposes and are referred to as tactical nuclear weapons.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Small "tactical" nuclear weapons were deployed for use as antiaircraft weapons. Examples include the USAF AIR-2 Genie, the AIM-26 Falcon and US Army Nike Hercules. Missile interceptors such as the Sprint and the Spartan also used small nuclear warheads (optimized to produce neutron or X-ray flux) but were for use against enemy strategic warheads.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Other small, or tactical, nuclear weapons were deployed by naval forces for use primarily as antisubmarine weapons. These included nuclear depth bombs or nuclear armed torpedoes. Nuclear mines for use on land or at sea are also possibilities.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: The system used to deliver a nuclear weapon to its target is an important factor affecting both nuclear weapon design and nuclear strategy. The design, development, and maintenance of delivery systems are among the most expensive parts of a nuclear weapons program; they account, for example, for 57% of the financial resources spent by the United States on nuclear weapons projects since 1940.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Preferable from a strategic point of view is a nuclear weapon mounted on a missile, which can use a ballistic trajectory to deliver the warhead over the horizon. Although even short-range missiles allow for a faster and less vulnerable attack, the development of long-range intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) has given some nations the ability to plausibly deliver missiles anywhere on the globe with a high likelihood of success.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: More advanced systems, such as multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), can launch multiple warheads at different targets from one missile, reducing the chance of a successful missile defense. Today, missiles are most common among systems designed for delivery of nuclear weapons. Making a warhead small enough to fit onto a missile, though, can be difficult.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Weapons designed to threaten large populations or to deter attacks are known as "strategic weapons." Nuclear weapons for use on a battlefield in military situations are called "tactical weapons."

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Critics of nuclear war strategy often suggest that a nuclear war between two nations would result in mutual annihilation. From this point of view, the significance of nuclear weapons is to deter war because any nuclear war would escalate out of mutual distrust and fear, resulting in mutually assured destruction. This threat of national, if not global, destruction has been a strong motivation for anti-nuclear weapons activism.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: According to the Pentagon's June 2019 "Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations" of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs website Publication, "Integration of nuclear weapons employment with conventional and special operations forces is essential to the success of any mission or operation."

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Because they are weapons of mass destruction, the proliferation and possible use of nuclear weapons are important issues in international relations and diplomacy. In most countries, the use of nuclear force can only be authorized by the head of government or head of state. Despite controls and regulations governing nuclear weapons, there is an inherent danger of "accidents, mistakes, false alarms, blackmail, theft, and sabotage".

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: In 2013, Mark Diesendorf said that governments of France, India, North Korea, Pakistan, UK, and South Africa have used nuclear power and/or research reactors to assist nuclear weapons development or to contribute to their supplies of nuclear explosives from military reactors.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: The two tied-for-lowest points for the Doomsday Clock have been in 1953, when the Clock was set to two minutes until midnight after the U.S. and the Soviet Union began testing hydrogen bombs, and in 2018, following the failure of world leaders to address tensions relating to nuclear weapons and climate change issues.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Nuclear disarmament refers to both the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons and to the end state of a nuclear-free world, in which nuclear weapons are eliminated.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Only one country—South Africa—has ever fully renounced nuclear weapons they had independently developed. The former Soviet republics of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine returned Soviet nuclear arms stationed in their countries to Russia after the collapse of the USSR.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: As of early 2019, more than 90% of world's 13,865 nuclear weapons were owned by Russia and the United States.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: The UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) is a department of the United Nations Secretariat established in January 1998 as part of the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan's plan to reform the UN as presented in his report to the General Assembly in July 1997.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Its goal is to promote nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation and the strengthening of the disarmament regimes in respect to other weapons of mass destruction, chemical and biological weapons. It also promotes disarmament efforts in the area of conventional weapons, especially land mines and small arms, which are often the weapons of choice in contemporary conflicts.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Even before the first nuclear weapons had been developed, scientists involved with the Manhattan Project were divided over the use of the weapon. The role of the two atomic bombings of the country in Japan's surrender and the U.S.'s ethical justification for them has been the subject of scholarly and popular debate for decades. The question of whether nations should have nuclear weapons, or test them, has been continually and nearly universally controversial.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: As public awareness and concern mounted over the possible health hazards associated with exposure to the nuclear fallout, various studies were done to assess the extent of the hazard. A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ National Cancer Institute study claims that fallout from atmospheric nuclear tests would lead to perhaps 11,000 excess deaths among people alive during atmospheric testing in the United States from all forms of cancer, including leukemia, from 1951 to well into the 21st century.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: , the U.S. is the only nation that compensates nuclear test victims. Since the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act of 1990, more than $1.38 billion in compensation has been approved. The money is going to people who took part in the tests, notably at the Nevada Test Site, and to others exposed to the radiation.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: In addition, leakage of byproducts of nuclear weapon production into groundwater has been an ongoing issue, particularly at the Hanford site.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Some scientists estimate that a nuclear war with 100 Hiroshima-size nuclear explosions on cities could cost the lives of tens of millions of people from long-term climatic effects alone. The climatology hypothesis is that "if" each city firestorms, a great deal of soot could be thrown up into the atmosphere which could blanket the earth, cutting out sunlight for years on end, causing the disruption of food chains, in what is termed a nuclear winter.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: People near the Hiroshima explosion and who managed to survive the explosion subsequently suffered a variety of medical effects:

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Fallout exposure—depending on if further afield individuals shelter in place or evacuate perpendicular to the direction of the wind, and therefore avoid contact with the fallout plume, and stay there for the days and weeks after the nuclear explosion, their exposure to fallout, and therefore their total dose, will vary. With those who do shelter in place, and or evacuate, experiencing a total dose that would be negligible in comparison to someone who just went about their life as normal.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Staying indoors until after the most hazardous fallout isotope, I-131 decays away to 0.1% of its initial quantity after ten half lifes—which is represented by 80 days in I-131s case, would make the difference between likely contracting Thyroid cancer or escaping completely from this substance depending on the actions of the individual.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Peace movements emerged in Japan and in 1954 they converged to form a unified "Japan Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs." Japanese opposition to nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific Ocean was widespread, and "an estimated 35 million signatures were collected on petitions calling for bans on nuclear weapons".

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: In the United Kingdom, the first Aldermaston March organised by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament(CND) took place at Easter 1958, when, according to the CND, several thousand people marched for four days from Trafalgar Square, London, to the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment close to Aldermaston in Berkshire, England, to demonstrate their opposition to nuclear weapons. The Aldermaston marches continued into the late 1960s when tens of thousands of people took part in the four-day marches.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: In 1959, a letter in the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists" was the start of a successful campaign to stop the Atomic Energy Commission dumping radioactive waste in the sea 19 kilometres from Boston. In 1962, Linus Pauling won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to stop the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, and the "Ban the Bomb" movement spread.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: In 1963, many countries ratified the Partial Test Ban Treaty prohibiting atmospheric nuclear testing. Radioactive fallout became less of an issue and the anti-nuclear weapons movement went into decline for some years. A resurgence of interest occurred amid European and American fears of nuclear war in the 1980s.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: According to an audit by the Brookings Institution, between 1940 and 1996, the U.S. spent $ in present-day terms on nuclear weapons programs. 57 percent of which was spent on building nuclear weapons delivery systems. 6.3 percent of the total, $ in present-day terms, was spent on environmental remediation and nuclear waste management, for example cleaning up the Hanford site, and 7 percent of the total, $ was spent on making nuclear weapons themselves.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: Peaceful nuclear explosions are nuclear explosions conducted for non-military purposes, such as activities related to economic development including the creation of canals. During the 1960s and 1970s, both the United States and the Soviet Union conducted a number of PNEs. Six of the explosions by the Soviet Union are considered to have been of an applied nature, not just tests.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Nuclear weapon

Context: The United States and the Soviet Union later halted their programs. Definitions and limits are covered in the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty of 1976. The stalled Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty of 1996 would prohibit all nuclear explosions, regardless of whether they are for peaceful purposes or not.

Question: Pudotettiinko Nagasakin ydinpommi ennen Hirosiman vastaavaa pommia?


Addis Ababa

Context: In 1930, the Emperor crowned and proceeded to structure with new technologies and building infrastructure. Among them, he installed power line and telephones, and erected several monuments (such as Meyazia 27 Square).

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: On 5 May 1941, the city was liberated by Major Orde Wingate and Emperor Haile Selassie for Ethiopian Gideon Force and Ethiopian resistance in time to permit Emperor Haile Selassie's return on 5 May 1941, five years to the day after he had left.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: The city is divided into 10 boroughs, called subcities (, kifle ketema), and 99 wards (, kebele). The 10 subcities are:

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: The highest temperature on record was 26 February 2019, while the lowest temperature on record was recorded on multiple occasions.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: The city hosts the We Are the Future centre, a child care centre that provides children with a higher standard of living. The centre is managed under the direction of the mayor's office, and the international NGO Glocal Forum serves as the fundraiser and program planner and coordinator for the WAF child centre in each city. Each WAF city is linked to several peer cities and public and private partners to create a unique international coalition.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: Launched in 2004, the program is the result of a strategic partnership between the Glocal Forum, the Quincy Jones Listen Up Foundation, and Mr Hani Masri, with the support of the World Bank, UN agencies and major companies.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: Among the places of worship, there are predominantly Christian churches and temples: Seventh-day Adventist Church, Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (Lutheran World Federation), Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church, Ethiopian Catholic Archeparchy of Addis Abeba (Catholic Church), Ethiopian Full Gospel Believers' Church and also Muslim mosques.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: From mosque, the most notable is the Grand Anwar Mosque, which was located in Merkato, at the heart of the city. It was built between 1930 and 1933 by the order of Italian government. Nur Mosque counted as an oldest Islamic temple recently rebuilt with Islamic architecture characterized by the use of domes, towers and piers.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: Notable buildings include St George's Cathedral (founded in 1896 and also home to a museum), Holy Trinity Cathedral (once the largest Ethiopian Orthodox Cathedral and the location of Sylvia Pankhurst's tomb) as well as the burial place of Emperor Haile Selassie and the Imperial family, and those who fought the Italian invasion during World War II.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: The Entoto Mountains start among the northern suburbs. Suburbs of the city include Shiro Meda and Entoto in the north, Urael and Bole (home to Bole International Airport) in the east, Nifas Silk in the south-east, Mekanisa in the south, and Keraniyo and Kolfe in the west. Kolfe was mentioned in Nelson Mandela's Autobiography "A Long Walk to Freedom", as the place he got military training.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: Parks include the Africa Park, which is situated along Menelik II Avenue and Unity Park at the Palace.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: Other features of the city include the large Mercato market, the Jan Meda racecourse, Bihere Tsige Recreation Centre and a railway line to Djibouti.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: Meskel Square is one of the noted squares in the city and is the site for the annual Meskel at the end of September annually when thousands gather in celebration.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: The fossilized skeleton and a plaster replica of the early hominid Lucy (known in Ethiopia as "Dinkinesh") is preserved at the National Museum of Ethiopia.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: The National Museum of Ethiopia hosts many artifacts and artistic treasures in Ethiopia. It is also home of archaeological exhibition. The partial specimen of Australopithecus afarensis, and its successor Selam are noteworthy among viewed galleries in the museum. The museum also has wide-range ceremonial costumes of Solomonic dynasty, which was initiated in 1936. Arts include mostly works of Afewerk Tekle, one of the most renowned gallery, and the depiction of meeting between Solomon and Queen of Sheba.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: Tekle Hawariat introduced modern European dramas based on "La Fontaine"'s fable around 1916. Mattewos Bekele and Iyoel Yohannes became famous playwright, and Makonnen Endalkachew's "David and Orion" and "King David III" was renowned by that time. In the Derg era, propagandic communist pieces often conceded and several new theatres were opened until the successive government under EPRDF altered new form of cultural life with continuation of development.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: Private school often raise school fee that thought to be an exploitative practice without reasonable price. For example, it was observed in Unity University that led to protest. There is an improvement of school expansion in all sorts.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Addis Ababa

Context: The Ethiopian Railway Corporation reached a funding agreement worth millions of dollars with the Export and Import Bank of China in September 2010 and the light rail project was completed in January 2015. The route is a network with two lines; the operational line running from the centre to the south of the city. Upon completion, the east–west line will run from Ayat to the Torhailoch ring-road, and from Menelik Square to Merkato Bus Station, Meskel Square and Akaki.

Question: Mikä on Etiopina suurin kaupunki?


Puppet state

Context: Puppet states are distinguished from allies, which choose their actions on their own or in accordance with treaties they voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into providing legal endorsement for actions already taken by a foreign power.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: A puppet state preserves the external paraphernalia of independence (such as a name, flag, anthem, constitution, law codes, motto and government), but in reality it is an organ of another state which creates,

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: sponsors or otherwise controls the government of the puppet state (the "puppet government"). International law does not recognize occupied puppet states as legitimate.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: The term is a metaphor which compares a state or government to a puppet controlled by a puppeteer using strings. The first recorded use of the term "puppet government" is from 1884, in reference to the Khedivate of Egypt.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: In the Middle Ages vassal states existed which were based on delegation of rule of a country from a King to noble men of lower rank. Since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 the concept of a nation came into existence where sovereignty was connected more to the people who inhabited the land than to the nobility who owned the land.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: A similar concept mainly associated with pre-19th century political history is suzerainty, the control of the external affairs of one state by another.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: The Batavian Republic was established in the Netherlands under French revolutionary protection. In Eastern Europe, France established a Polish client state of the Duchy of Warsaw.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: In Italy, republics were created in the late 18th and early 19th centuries with the assistance and encouragement of Napoleonic France (see also French client republics).

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: During 1836 U.S. citizens allowed to live in the Mexican state of Texas revolted against the Mexican government to establish a U.S.-backed Republic of Texas, a country that existed less than 10 years (from 14 May 1836, to 29 December 1845) before it was annexed to the United States of America.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: However, in August 1837, Memucan Hunt, Jr., the Texan minister to the United States, submitted the first official annexation proposal to the Van Buren administration (the first American-led attempts to take over Mexican Texas by filibustering date back to 1819 and by separatist settlers since 1826).

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: In 1810 U.S. citizens living in Spanish territory declared the area from the Mississippi River to the present state of Florida to be an independent nation. Known as the Republic of West Florida, it only lasted for 10 weeks. Not desiring to cross American interests, the republic's government encouraged annexation by the U.S., which soon occurred.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: During Japan's imperial period, and particularly during the Pacific War (parts of which are considered the Pacific theatre of World War II), the Imperial Japanese regime established a number of dependent states.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: Japan had made drafts for other dependent states. The Provisional Priamurye Government never got beyond the planning stages. In addition to the Japanese, the Germans supported the formation of this state.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: In 1945, as the Second World War drew to a close, Japan planned to grant independence to the former Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). These plans ended when the Japanese surrendered on 15 August 1945.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: Several European governments under the domination of Germany and Italy during World War II have been described as "puppet régimes". The formal means of control in occupied Europe varied greatly. These states fall into several categories.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: The Axis demand for oil and the concern of the Allies that Germany would look to the oil-rich Middle East for a solution, caused the invasion of Iraq by the United Kingdom and the invasion of Iran by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union. Pro-Axis governments in both Iraq and Iran were removed and replaced with Allied-dominated governments.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: As Soviet forces prevailed over the German Army on the Eastern Front during the Second World War, the Soviet Union supported the creation of communist governments throughout Eastern Europe. Specifically, the People's Republics in Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Albania were dominated by the Soviet Union. While all of these People's Republics did not "officially" take power until after World War II ended, they all have roots in pro-Communist war-time governments.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: In some cases, the process of decolonization has been managed by the decolonizing power to create a neo-colony, that is a nominally independent state whose economy and politics permits continued foreign domination. Neo-colonies are not normally considered puppet states.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: The Netherlands formed several puppet states in the former Dutch East Indies as part of the effort to quell the Indonesian National Revolutionː

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: Following Belgian Congo's independence as the Congo-Leopoldville in 1960, Belgian interests supported the short-lived breakaway state of Katanga (1960–1963).

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: During the 1970s and 1980s, four ethnic bantustans, called "homelands" by the government of the time (some of which were extremely fragmented), were carved out of South Africa and given nominal sovereignty. Mostly Xhosa people resided in the Ciskei and Transkei, Tswana people in Bophuthatswana and Venda people in the Venda Republic.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: The principal purpose of these states was to remove the Xhosa, Tswana and Venda peoples from South African citizenship (and so to provide grounds for denying them democratic rights). All four bantustans were reincorporated into a democratic South Africa on 27 April 1994.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: The Republic of Kuwait was a short-lived pro-Iraqi state in the Persian Gulf that only existed three weeks before it was annexed by Iraq in 1990.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Puppet state

Context: The Republic of Serbian Krajina was a self proclaimed and by Serbian forces ethnic cleansed territory during the Croatian War (1991–95). It was not recognized internationally. That regime was completely dependent to the Serbian regime of Slobodan Milošević.

Question: Miten nukkevaltio määritellään?


Belarus men's national junior ice hockey team

Context: Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Ice Hockey Federation banned all Belarusian national and club teams from its events indefinitely, and Hockey Canada banned Belarus’s “participation in events held in Canada that do not fall under the IIHF’s jurisdiction.”

Question: Mikä joukkue voitti ensimmäisen itsenäisen Valkovenäjän jääkiekkomestaruuden?


Context: Belarus competed in the 2002 and 2003 World Junior Championships, until finally being relegated under the new IIHF format. Belarus returned to the top division in 2005, but were relegated again. Belarus has mainly been in the second-tier Division I level since then, though have been promoted to the top division on occasion, most recently in 2018.

Question: Mikä joukkue voitti ensimmäisen itsenäisen Valkovenäjän jääkiekkomestaruuden?


Glee (season 1)

Context: When seeking to attain the rights to songs, early in the season Murphy was often requested to send out advanced scripts, but refused, not wanting to set a precedent for record labels having creative involvement in the show. Singer Rihanna offered her single "Take a Bow" for use at a reduced licensing rate. Madonna granted the show rights to her entire catalogue, and the tribute episode "The Power of Madonna" features Madonna performances exclusively.

Question: Kuka on ohjannut Glee -sarjan ensimmäisen tuotantokauden?


Glee (season 1)

Context: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season an 88% with an average rating of 7.94/10, based on 49 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "Entertaining, snarky, and full of heart, "Glee" is an addictive, toe-tapping musical dramedy that hits all the right notes." On Metacritic it revieved a score of 78 out of 100 based on 19 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Question: Kuka on ohjannut Glee -sarjan ensimmäisen tuotantokauden?


Glee (season 1)

Context: "Glee – Pilot Episode: Director's Cut" was released on Region 1 DVD in the US on September 1, 2009, exclusively to Wal-Mart. It was released on Region 4 DVD in Australia and New Zealand on November 25, 2009, and on Region 2 DVD in the UK and Ireland on January 25, 2010. The DVD includes a preview of the episode "Showmance", plus a deconstruction of the series by creator Ryan Murphy.

Question: Kuka on ohjannut Glee -sarjan ensimmäisen tuotantokauden?


Glee (season 1)

Context: "Glee – The Complete Season 1" was released on Region 2 DVD on September 13, 2010, Region 1 DVD on September 14, 2010, and Region 4 DVD on September 22, 2010. The seven-disc box set contains the full 22 episode first season, including extended episodes, sing-along karaoke, a behind-the-scenes look at "The Power of Madonna" episode, "Glee" makeovers, never-before-seen 'Sue's Corner' segments and a dance tutorial. It was also released as a four-disc Blu-ray box set.

Question: Kuka on ohjannut Glee -sarjan ensimmäisen tuotantokauden?


King Diamond

Context: Following Mercyful Fate's 1984 release of "Don't Break the Oath" and the subsequent tour (which saw them play in the U.S. for the first time), Diamond split ways with Mercyful Fate. With him, he took two of his bandmates (Hansen and Denner) to pursue a solo career under his own name.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: Mercyful Fate reunited in 1992 (while Diamond simultaneously continued his solo career) and recorded five more studio albums. In 1999, Diamond and Hank Shermann performed the song "Evil" live with Metallica. This performance also featured Diamond without his famous makeup.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: In 2000, Diamond decided to put Mercyful Fate on hold and continue on with his solo career. Though the band remains dormant, it is still under contract with Metal Blade Records. In recent interviews, Diamond has said that Mercyful Fate will record and tour again when the timing is right, saying, "It's definitely not finished."

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: In April 2006, Diamond reunited with Mikkey Dee (Motörhead drummer) at a sold-out gig at Kåren in Gothenburg, Sweden. In 2001 he referred to Dee as "one of the best drummers of all time and that's something that has bothered us since he left."

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: Diamond released his album "Give Me Your Soul... Please", on 26 June 2007. The band received a Grammy nomination in the "Best Metal Performance" category for the track "Never Ending Hill".

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: He was forced to cancel a United States tour due to a herniated disk, causing severe back pain, which puts him in intense pain almost all of the time. He attributes the problem to the long stressful hours spent working on the album.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: Diamond made an appearance at Ozzfest on 9 August 2008 at Frisco, Texas alongside Metallica, performing a medley of Mercyful Fate songs previously released on Metallica's "Garage Inc." album. He also performed a cover of the Pantera song "A New Level" with Vinnie Paul, Scott Ian, Max Cavalera, and Nick Bowcott.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: In 2009, Diamond was revealed to be a playable character for the rhythm game "", appearing with Mercyful Fate's song "Evil". The player must complete the song on any instrument and any difficulty to unlock the character.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: On 29 November 2010, Diamond was taken to the hospital, where doctors discovered several blockages in his arteries due to his heavy smoking habit. They determined that he had had several heart attacks and that he needed triple-bypass surgery. The surgery was performed successfully, and on 11 December 2010 it was announced that he was at home recovering. All his musical projects were placed on hold.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: On 7 December 2011, Diamond appeared on stage with Metallica at the Fillmore in San Francisco to celebrate Metallica's 30th anniversary.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: On Saturday 8 September 2012, Diamond appeared along with Mark Tremonti on VH1 Classic's "That Metal Show" discussing his surgery and various details about upcoming events.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: He appeared on Volbeat's 2013 album, "Outlaw Gentlemen & Shady Ladies", providing guest vocals on the track "Room 24". In August 2013 Diamond performed at Open Air Bloodstock Festival, UK.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: Slayer was chosen to headline the 2015 Rockstar Energy Mayhem Festival. The bands HELLYEAH, King Diamond, The Devil Wears Prada, Thy Art Is Murder, Jungle Rot, Sister Sin, Sworn In, Shattered Sun, Feed Her To The Sharks, Code Orange and Kissing Candice also participated in the Rockstar Tour.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: Diamond was a special celebrity guest star in four episodes of the Warner Bros. adult-oriented cartoon "Metalocalypse" as the Blues Devil, Ronald von Moldenberg, a fast food manager, and one of the Klokateers in 2006 on Adult Swim.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: On stage, Diamond uses a microphone stand consisting of a femur bone and a tibia bone in the shape of a cross. He previously used a human skull, called Melissa, on stage. In the mid-1980s Melissa was stolen after a performance in the Netherlands.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: Diamond has changed the design of his make-up often over the years. With "Conspiracy", he wore a mesh of black and white line war paint, with some red "blood" made to look like a wound coming out of his forehead. With his album "The Puppet Master", he used very little white and mainly had black crosses and inverted crosses going up and down his face.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: Diamond cites Arthur Brown, David Byron, Alice Cooper, Ronnie James Dio, Ian Gillan, Ozzy Osbourne and Robert Plant as his primary influences.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: According to Diamond's biography on his official website, the first two albums he bought were Deep Purple's "Fireball" and Black Sabbath's "Master of Reality".

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: Metallica released an 11-minute medley of five Mercyful Fate songs on their 1998 "Garage Inc." cover album. King Diamond has provided guest vocals for live performances of the medley at Metallica's concerts on three occasions: at the 1999 Gods of Metal festival in Milan, Italy (with Hank Shermann on guitar); at the 2008 Ozzfest in Dallas, Texas; and at a 2011 Metallica fan club gig in San Francisco, California (with Hank Shermann on guitar, Michael Denner on guitar and Timi Hansen on bass).

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: King Diamond has appeared on the covers of many rock and metal magazines, and has influenced many artists, including Metallica's Lars Ulrich, Cradle of Filth, Cage, and Andy DiGelsomina of the Wagnerian opera metal project Lyraka.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


King Diamond

Context: American heavy metal band Cage devoted to him the song "King Diamond" on the album "Hell Destroyer" in 2007.

Question: Milloin King Diamond aloitti muusikon uransa?


Marseille

Context: The hottest temperature was on 26 July 1983 during a great heat wave, the lowest temperature was on 13 February 1929 during a strong cold wave.

Question: Mikä on Ranskan toiseksi suurin kaupunki väkiluvultaan?


Marseille

Context: The port is also an important arrival base for millions of people each year, with 2.4 million including 890,100 from cruise ships.

Question: Mikä on Ranskan toiseksi suurin kaupunki väkiluvultaan?


Marseille

Context: In 1999, in several arrondissements, about 40% of the young people under 18 were of Maghrebi origin (at least one immigrant parent).

Question: Mikä on Ranskan toiseksi suurin kaupunki väkiluvultaan?


Marseille

Context: As in many other French cities, a bike-sharing service nicknamed "Le vélo", free for trips of less than half an hour, was introduced by the city council in 2007.

Question: Mikä on Ranskan toiseksi suurin kaupunki väkiluvultaan?


Marseille

Context: A free ferry service operates between the two opposite quays of the Old Port. From 2011 ferry shuttle services operate between the Old Port and Pointe Rouge; in spring 2013 it will also run to l'Estaque. There are also ferry services and boat trips available from the Old Port to Frioul, the Calanques and Cassis.

Question: Mikä on Ranskan toiseksi suurin kaupunki väkiluvultaan?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: The air defence command system was based on the German system and was quite effective – key personnel had trained in Germany. Manpower shortages made the air defence also use 16-year-old boy volunteers from Suojeluskunta (White Guard) to man the guns and young girls of the Lotta Svärd organization to man search lights.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: The bombing of Finland was generally conducted by the long-range bombing and reconnaissance group of the Soviet Air Force (VVS), the "Aviatsiya Dalnego Deystviya" (ADD). This group was directly subordinated to Stavka. During the February bombings of 1944, the ADD was reinforced with other units. The ADD commander was Marshal Aleksandr Golovanov. Bombing raids were also sometimes done by the VVS and the BF (Baltic Fleet air group).

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: The Soviet bomber fleet was very diverse. Most of the aircraft were twin-engined Ilyushin-4, Lisunov Li-2, North American B-25 Mitchell and Douglas A-20 bombers. The B-25s and the A-20s had been supplied to the Soviet Union as Lend Lease material from the United States. The Lisunov Li-2 was a Soviet bomber version of the American Douglas DC-3. There were also some heavy four-engined bombers participating in the bombings, e.g. the Petlyakov Pe-8.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: The Soviet bombings led to harsh reactions abroad. US President Roosevelt asked the Soviets not to bomb Finnish cities. Molotov replied to Roosevelt, "Soviet aircraft have not been bombing cities, but airfields, you can't see that from 8,000 kilometers away in America".

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: Of the 22–25 Soviet bombers lost in the raids, 18–21 were destroyed by AA fire, and four were shot down by German night fighters.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: Although it had been the most massive raid, the damages were again quite limited: 21 people were killed and 35 wounded; 59 buildings were destroyed and 135 damaged.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: The defence fired 122 barrages. The light AA artillery fired 2,745 shots and the heavy AA artillery fired 7,719 shots. The Finnish Air Force had no night fighters at this time.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: There were 100 killed and 300 injured. More than 160 buildings were damaged, including the Soviet embassy, on the corner of Bulevarden and Albertsgatan.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: This time, casualty figures were much lower: 25 died and 29 were injured. 27 buildings were destroyed and 53 were damaged.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: On the evening of 26 February, a single Soviet reconnaissance aircraft was spotted over the city. It was a sign of the coming attack. The weather was clear, which helped the attackers. Again, Finnish Radio Intelligence intercepted messages of the forthcoming raid, this time 1 hour and 28 minutes before the bombing commenced, but the Soviets tried to maintain radio silence.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: Five minutes later, the air surveillance grid, manned by Lotta Svärd auxiliaries, reported approaching bombers. A silent alarm was sounded in the city in good time before the raid. Streetlights were turned off, trams and trains were stopped and radio transmissions ended. In that manner, the enemy had more difficulty in finding its target. All of the citizens knew that they had to take cover.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: The first bombers were picked up by Finnish radar at approximately 18:30, 25 minutes before they arrived. A few minutes later, the night fighters took off and flew to their predesignated positions. The AA-artillery had also been alerted. The air raid warning was sounded at 18:45. AA-batteries opened up fire at 18:53. At 19:07 the first bombs fell.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Context: The heavy AA artillery fired 14,240 shots and the light AA artillery 4,432 shots. Nine Soviet bombers were downed.

Question: Mitä kaupunkeja Suomessa pommitettiin talvisodan aikana?


Sunday school

Context: A Sunday school is an educational institution, usually (but not always) Christian in character. Other religions like Buddhism also organised Sunday schools in their temples, particularly in the West.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: Sunday school classes usually precede a Sunday church service and are used to provide catechesis to Christians, especially children and teenagers, and often adults as well. Churches of many Christian denominations have classrooms attached to the church used for this purpose. Many Sunday school classes operate on a set curriculum, with some teaching attendees a catechism. Members often receive certificates and awards for participation, as well as attendance.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: Due to the fact that Sunday school classes precede morning worship on the Lord's Day, many provide a light breakfast, such as doughnuts and coffee, except on days in which Holy Communion is being celebrated due to the fact that many Christian denominations encourage fasting before receiving the Eucharistic elements.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: By 1785 over 250,000 children throughout England attended schools on Sundays. In 1784 many new schools opened, including the interdenominational Stockport Sunday School, which financed and constructed a school for 5,000 scholars in 1805. In the late-19th century this was accepted as being the largest in the world. By 1831 it was reported that attendance at Sunday schools had grown to 1.2 million. Robert Raikes's schools were seen as the precursors of the English state education system.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: The first Sunday school in London opened at Surrey Chapel under Rowland Hill. By 1831 1,250,000 children in Great Britain, or about 25 per cent of the eligible population, attended Sunday schools weekly. The schools provided basic lessons in literacy alongside religious instruction.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: In 1833, "for the unification and progress of the work of religious education among the young", the Unitarians founded their Sunday School Association, as "junior partner" to the British and Foreign Unitarian Association, with which it eventually set up offices at Essex Hall in Central London.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: The work of Sunday schools in the industrial cities was increasingly supplemented by "ragged schools" (charitable provision for the industrial poor), and eventually by publicly funded education under the terms of the Elementary Education Act 1870. Sunday schools continued alongside such increasing educational provision, and new forms also developed such as the Socialist Sunday Schools movement, which began in the United Kingdom in 1886.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: The Church of Ireland Sunday School Society was founded in 1809. The Sabbath School Society of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland was founded in 1862.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: Carl Ludvig Tellström, later missionary to the Sámi people, made another early attempt to start a Sunday school around 1834. While in Stockholm, he was converted by George Scott, an influential Scottish Wesleyan Methodist preacher who worked in Sweden from 1830–1842 and was controversial due to his preaching in violation of the Conventicle Act. Within the Church of Sweden, however based on the format of Methodist Sunday schools, he started several in Flykälen, Föllinge, Ottsjön, Storå, and Tuvattnet.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: Later, Mathilda Foy founded an early Sunday school in 1843–1844. Influenced by Pietistic revivalist preachers such as Scott, and particularly Carl Olof Rosenius, Foy found herself part of the "läsare" (Reader) movement. Always engaged in charitable work, she started a Sunday school not long after her spiritual awakening. However, it was soon closed due to the protests of clergy, who considered it "Methodist". Another attempt by Augusta Norstedt was noted around the same time.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: Sometime between 1848 and 1856, educator and preacher Amelie von Braun, also part of the revivalist awakening movement, started a Sunday school primarily teaching children Bible stories. She worked within the state church. Her Sunday school was supported by Peter Fjellstedt and grew quickly, with 250 students noted in 1853.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: In Stockholm alone, there were 29 Sunday schools by 1871. By 1915 there were 6,518 Sunday schools in the country among a number of denominations, with 23,058 officers and teachers and 317,648 students.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: Philanthropist Lewis Miller was the inventor of the "Akron Plan" for Sunday schools, a building layout with a central assembly hall surrounded by small classrooms, conceived with Methodist minister John Heyl Vincent and architect Jacob Snyder.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: John Heyl Vincent collaborated with Baptist layman B. F. Jacobs, who devised a system to encourage Sunday school work, and a committee was established to provide the International Uniform Lesson Curriculum, also known as the "Uniform Lesson Plan". By the 1800s 80% of all new members were introduced to the church through Sunday school.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: In 1874, interested in improving the training of Sunday school teachers for the Uniform Lesson Plan, Miller and Vincent worked together again to found what is now the Chautauqua Institution on the shores of Chautauqua Lake, New York.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: In Evangelical churches, during worship service, children and young people receive an adapted education, in Sunday school, in a separate room.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: In Great Britain an agency was formed called the Religious Tract Society which helped provide literature for the Sunday school.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: In the United States the American Sunday School Union was formed (headquartered in Philadelphia) for the publication of literature. This group helped pioneer what became known as the International Sunday School Lessons. The "Sunday School Times" was another periodical they published for the use of Sunday schools. LifeWay Christian Resources, Herald and Banner Press, David C Cook, and Group Publishing are among the widely available published resources currently used in Sunday schools across the country.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Sunday school

Context: It is also not uncommon for Roman Catholic or Protestant pastors (church ministers) to teach such classes themselves. Some well-known public figures who teach, or have taught, Sunday school include astronaut Ron Garan, comedian Stephen Colbert, novelist John Grisham, and former U.S. president Jimmy Carter.

Question: Mikä oli pyhäkoulun tarkoitus?


Finnish Air Force

Context: The Finnish Air Force assigns the matriculation numbers to its aircraft by assigning each type a two-letter code following by dash and an individual aircraft number. The two-letter code usually refers to the aircraft manufacturer or model, such as HN for F/A-18 Hornet, DK for Saab 35 Draken, VN for Valmet Vinka etc.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: The Whites occupied most of the airbases that the Russians left in Finland after the Russian pilots had returned to Russia.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: The Reds possessed a few airbases and a few Russian aircraft, mainly amphibious aircraft – they had 12 aircraft in all. The Reds did not have any pilots themselves, so they hired some of the Russian pilots who had stayed behind. On 24 February 1918 five aircraft arrived at Viipuri, and were quickly transferred to Riihimäki.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: The Reds established air units in Helsinki, Tampere, Kouvola, and Viipuri. There were no overall headquarters, but the individual units served under the commanders of the individual front lines. A flight school was set up in Helsinki, but no students were trained there before the fall of Helsinki.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: Two of the aircraft, one reconnaissance aircraft (Nieuport 10) and one fighter aircraft (Nieuport 17) that had arrived at Riihimäki were sent to Tampere, and three to Kouvola. Four Russian pilots and six mechanics also arrived at Tampere. The first war sortie was flown on March 1, 1918 over Naistenlahti.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: It seems likely that the Reds also operated two aircraft over the Eastern front. The Reds mainly performed reconnaissance, bombing sorties, spreading of propaganda leaflets, and artillery spotting. The Reds' air activity was not particularly successful. Their air operations suffered from bad leadership, worn-out aircraft, and un-motivated Russian pilots. Some of the aircraft were captured by the Whites, while the rest were destroyed.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: In January 1918 the Whites did not have a single aircraft, let alone pilots, so they asked the Swedes for help. Sweden, a neutral country, could not send any official help. Sweden also forbade its pilots to aid Finland.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: Despite this official stance, however, one Morane-Saulnier Parasol, and three N.A.B. Albatros arrived from Sweden by the end of February 1918. Two of the Albatross aircraft were gifts from private citizens supporting the White Finnish cause, while the third was purchased. It was initially intended that the aircraft would support the air operations of the Whites, but the aircraft ultimately proved unsuitable.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: Along with aircraft shortages, the Whites also did not have any personnel, so all the pilots and mechanics also came from Sweden. One of the Finnish Jägers, Lieutenant Bertil Månsson, had received pilot training in Imperial Germany, but he stayed behind in Germany, trying to secure further aircraft deals for Finland.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: The air activity consisted mainly of reconnaissance sorties. The Germans brought several of their own aircraft, but they did not contribute much to the overall outcome of the war.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: The first air-force base of independent Finland was founded on a lake shore near Kolho. The base could operate three aircraft. The first aircraft arrived by rail on 7 March 1918, and on 17 March 1918 took off from the base for the first time. In 1918 the Finns took over nine Russian Stetinin M-9 aircraft that had been left behind.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?


Finnish Air Force

Context: The first air operation of the Whites during the war was flown over Lyly. It was a reconnaissance-gathering mission as the front-line moved south. As the line neared Tampere, the base moved first to Orivesi and then to Kaukajärvi near Tampere. The contribution of the White air force during the war was almost insignificant.

Question: Milloin Suomen ilmavoimat on perustettu?