Video game development

Context: "Code release" is the stage when many bugs are fixed and game is ready to be shipped or submitted for console manufacturer review. This version is tested against QA test plan. First code release candidate is usually ready three to four weeks before code release.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: After the game goes gold and ships, some developers will give team members "comp time" (perhaps up to a week or two) to compensate for the overtime put in to complete the game, though this compensation is not standard.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: Games developed for video game consoles have had almost no maintenance period in the past. The shipped game would forever house as many bugs and features as when released. This was common for consoles since all consoles had identical or nearly identical hardware; making incompatibility, the cause of many bugs, a non-issue. In this case, maintenance would only occur in the case of a port, sequel, or enhanced remake that reuses a large portion of the engine and assets.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: In recent times popularity of online console games has grown, and online capable video game consoles and online services such as Xbox Live for the Xbox have developed. Developers can maintain their software through downloadable patches. These changes would not have been possible in the past without the widespread availability of the Internet.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: PC development is different. Game developers try to account for majority of configurations and hardware. However, the number of possible configurations of hardware and software inevitably leads to discovery of game-breaking circumstances that the programmers and testers didn't account for.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: Programmers wait for a period to get as many bug reports as possible. Once the developer thinks they've obtained enough feedback, the programmers start working on a patch. The patch may take weeks or months to develop, but it's intended to fix most accounted bugs and problems with the game that were overlooked past code release, or in rare cases, fix unintended problems caused by previous patches. Occasionally a patch may include extra features or content or may even alter gameplay.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: In the case of a massively multiplayer online game (MMOG), such as a MMORPG or MMORTS, the shipment of the game is the starting phase of maintenance. Such online games are in continuous maintenance as the gameworld is continuously changed and iterated and new features are added. The maintenance staff for a popular MMOG can number in the dozens, sometimes including members of the original programming team.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: Outsourced work is sometimes anonymous, i.e. not credited on the final product. This might go against the wishes of the developer, or it is something they reluctantly consent to because it's the only work they can get. See for more information on this.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: The publisher's marketing team targets the game for a specific market and then advertises it. The team advises the developer on target demographics and market trends, as well as suggests specific features. The game is then advertised and the game's high concept is incorporated into the promotional material, ranging from magazine ads to TV spots. Communication between developer and marketing is important.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: The length and purpose of a game demo depends on the purpose of the demo and target audience. A game's demo may range between a few seconds (such as clips or screenshots) to hours of gameplay. The demo is usually intended for journalists, buyers, trade shows, general public, or internal employees (who, for example, may need to familiarize with the game to promote it). Demos are produced with public relations, marketing and sales in mind, maximizing the presentation effectiveness.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: As a game nears completion, the publisher will want to showcase a demo of the title at trade shows. Many games have a "Trade Show demo" scheduled.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: Moreover, in order to fit into the local markets, game production companies often change or redesign the graphic designs or the packaging of the game for marketing purposes. For example, the popular game "Assassin's Creed" has two different packaging designs for the European and US market. By localizing the graphics and packaging designs, companies might arouse better connections and attention from the consumers from various regions.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: The costs of developing a video game varies widely depending on several factors including team size, game genre and scope, and other factors such as intellectual property licensing costs. Most video game consoles also require development licensing costs which include game development kits for building and testing software. Game budgets also typically include costs for marketing and promotion, which can be on the same order in cost as the development budget.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: The rising costs of budgets of AAA games in the early 2000s led publishers to become risk-averse, staying to titles that were most likely to be high-selling games to recoup their costs. As a result of this risk aversion, the selection of AAA games in the mid-2000s became rather similar, and gave the opportunity for indie games that provided more experimental and unique gameplay concepts to expand around that time.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: The video game industry (formally referred to as interactive entertainment) is the economic sector involved with the development, marketing and sale of video games. The industry sports several unique approaches.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: At present, many large publishers still operate there, such as: Activision Blizzard, Capcom Entertainment, Crystal Dynamics, Electronic Arts, Namco Bandai Games, Sega of America, and Sony Computer Entertainment America. However, due to the nature of game development, many publishers are present in other regions, such as Big Fish Games (Washington), Majesco Entertainment (New Jersey), Microsoft Corporation (Washington), Nintendo of America (Washington), and Take-Two Interactive (New York),

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: Many universities and design schools are offering classes specifically focused on game development. Some have built strategic alliances with major game development companies. These alliances ensure that students have access to the latest technologies and are provided the opportunity to find jobs within the gaming industry once qualified. Many innovative ideas are presented at conferences, such as Independent Games Festival (IGF) or Game Developers Conference (GDC).

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: Indie game development may motivate students who produce a game for their final projects or thesis and may open their own game company.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: Video game industry employment is fairly volatile, similar to other artistic industries including television, music, etc. Scores of game development studios crop up, work on one game, and then quickly go under. This may be one reason why game developers tend to congregate geographically; if their current studio goes under, developers can flock to an adjacent one or start another from the ground up.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Video game development

Context: In an industry where only the top 20% of products make a profit, it's easy to understand this fluctuation. Numerous games may start development and are cancelled, or perhaps even completed but never published. Experienced game developers may work for years and yet never ship a title: such is the nature of the business.

Question: В какой стране разработали The Walking Dead: The Game?


Iliad

Context: Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Mycenaean Greek states (Achaeans), it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () The story begins with an invocation to the Muse. The events begin "in medias res" towards the end of the Trojan War, fought between the Trojans and the besieging Achaeans. The Achaean forces consist of armies from many different Greek kingdoms, led by their respective kings or princes. Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, acts as commander for these united armies.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () The gods deliberate over whether the war should end here, but Hera convinces Zeus to wait for the utter destruction of Troy. Athena prompts the Trojan archer Pandaros to shoot Menelaus. Menelaus is wounded, and the truce is broken. Fighting breaks out, and many minor Trojans are killed.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () In the fighting, Diomedes kills many Trojans, including Pandaros, and defeats Aeneas. Aphrodite rescues him before he can be killed, but Diomedes attacks her and wounds the goddess's wrist. Apollo faces Diomedes and warns him against warring with gods, which Diomedes ignores. Apollo sends Ares to defeat Diomedes. Many heroes and commanders join in, including Hector, and the gods supporting each side try to influence the battle. Emboldened by Athena, Diomedes wounds Ares and puts him out of action.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () The next morning, Zeus prohibits the gods from interfering, and fighting begins anew. The Trojans prevail and force the Achaeans back to their wall. Hera and Athena are forbidden to help. Night falls before the Trojans can assail the Achaean wall. They camp in the field to attack at first light, and their watchfires light the plain like stars.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () The Trojans attack the Achaean wall on foot. Hector leads the terrible fighting, despite an omen that their charge will fail. The Achaeans are overwhelmed and routed, the wall's gate is broken, and Hector charges in. The Achaeans fall back to their ships.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () Poseidon pities the Achaeans, and decides to disobey Zeus and help them. He rallies the Achaean's spirits, and they begin to push the Trojans back. Poseidon's nephew Amphimachus is killed in the battle; Poseidon imbues Idomeneus with godly power. Many fall on both sides. The Trojan seer Polydamas urges Hector to fall back because of a bad omen, but is ignored.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () Hera seduces Zeus and lulls him to sleep, allowing Poseidon to help the Greeks. The Trojans are driven back onto the plain. Ajax wounds Hector, who is then carried back to Troy. () Zeus awakes and is enraged by Poseidon's intervention. However, he reassures Hera that Troy is still fated to fall once Hector kills Patroclus. Poseidon is recalled from the battlefield, and Zeus sends Apollo to aid the Trojans. The Trojans once again breach the wall, and the battle reaches the ships.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () Patroclus cannot stand to watch any longer, and goes to Achilles, weeping. He briefly admonishes him for his stubbornness, then asks Achilles to allow him to fight in his place, wearing his armor so that he will be mistaken for Achilles. Achilles relents and lends Patroclus his armor, but sends him off with a stern admonition to come back to him, and not to pursue the Trojans. Achilles says that after all has been made right, he and Patroclus will take Troy together.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Patroclus leads the Myrmidons into battle and arrives as the Trojans set fire to the first ships. The Trojans are routed by the sudden onslaught, and Patroclus begins his assault by killing Zeus's son Sarpedon, a leading ally of the Trojans. Patroclus, ignoring Achilles' command, pursues and reaches the gates of Troy, where Apollo himself stops him. Patroclus is set upon by Apollo and Euphorbos, and is finally killed by Hector.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () Hector takes Achilles' armor from the fallen Patroclus. The Achaeans fight to retrieve Patroclus' body from the Trojans, who attempt to carry it back to Troy at Hector's command. Antilochus is sent to tell Achilles the news, and ask him to help retrieve the body.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () When Achilles hears of Patroclus' death, he screams so loudly in his grief that his mother, Thetis, hears him from the bottom of the ocean. Thetis grieves, too, knowing that Achilles is fated to die young if he kills Hector. Though he knows it will seal his own fate, Achilles vows to kill Hector in order to avenge Patroclus.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Achilles is urged to help retrieve Patroclus' body, but has no armor to wear. Bathed in a brilliant radiance by Athena, Achilles stands next to the Achaean wall and roars in rage. The Trojans are terrified by his appearance, and the Achaeans manage to bear Patroclus' body away. Polydamas urges Hector again to withdraw into the city; again Hector refuses, and the Trojans camp on the plain at nightfall.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Achilles mourns Patroclus, brokenhearted. Meanwhile, at Thetis' request, Hephaestus fashions a new set of armor for Achilles, including a magnificently wrought shield.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () In the morning, Thetis brings Achilles his new set of armor, only to find him weeping over Patroclus' body. Achilles arms for battle and rallies the Achaean warriors. Agamemnon gives Achilles all the promised gifts, including Briseis, but Achilles is indifferent to them. The Achaeans take their meal; Achilles refuses to eat. His horse, Xanthos, prophesies Achilles' death; Achilles is indifferent. Achilles goes into battle, Automedon drives his chariot.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () The ghost of Patroclus comes to Achilles in a dream, urging him to carry out the burial rites so that Patroclus' spirit can move on to the underworld. Patroclus asks Achilles to arrange for their bones to be entombed together in a single urn; Achilles agrees. Patroclus' body is burned. The Achaeans hold a day of funeral games, and Achilles gives out the prizes.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: As a result of this thinking, each god or goddess in Polytheistic Greek religion is attributed to an aspect of the human world. For example, Poseidon is the god of the sea, Aphrodite is the goddess of beauty, Ares is the god of war, and so on and so forth for many other gods. This is how Greek culture was defined as many Athenians felt the presence of their gods through divine intervention in significant events in their lives. Oftentimes they found these events to be mysterious and inexplicable.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Here, Patroclus alludes to fated death by Hector's hand, and Hector's fated death by Achilles's hand. Each accepts the outcome of his life, yet, no one knows if the gods can alter fate. The first instance of this doubt occurs in Book XVI. Seeing Patroclus about to kill Sarpedon, his mortal son, Zeus says:

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: In deciding between losing a son or abiding fate, Zeus, King of the Gods, allows it. This motif recurs when he considers sparing Hector, whom he loves and respects. This time, it is Athene who challenges him:

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Again, Zeus appears capable of altering fate, but does not, deciding instead to abide set outcomes; similarly, fate spares Aeneas, after Apollo convinces the over-matched Trojan to fight Achilles. Poseidon cautiously speaks:

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: (, "glory, fame") is the concept of glory earned in heroic battle. Yet, Achilles must choose only one of the two rewards, either or . In Book IX (IX.410–16), he poignantly tells Agamemnon's envoys—Odysseus, Phoenix, Ajax—begging his reinstatement to battle about having to choose between two fates (, 9.411).

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: In forgoing his , he will earn the greater reward of (, "fame imperishable"). In the poem, (, "imperishable") occurs five other times, each occurrence denotes an object: Agamemnon's sceptre, the wheel of Hebe's chariot, the house of Poseidon, the throne of Zeus, the house of Hephaestus. Translator Lattimore renders as 'forever immortal' and as 'forever imperishable'—connoting Achilles's mortality by underscoring his greater reward in returning to battle Troy.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: is often given visible representation by the prizes won in battle. When Agamemnon takes Briseis from Achilles, he takes away a portion of the he had earned.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Achilles' shield, crafted by Hephaestus and given to him by his mother Thetis, bears an image of stars in the centre. The stars conjure profound images of the place of a single man, no matter how heroic, in the perspective of the entire cosmos.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: (, "homecoming") occurs seven times in the poem, making it a minor theme in the "Iliad" itself. Yet the concept of homecoming is much explored in other Ancient Greek literature, especially in the post-war homeward fortunes experienced by the Atreidae (Agamemnon and Menelaus), and Odysseus (see the "Odyssey").

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Akin to is (, "respect, honor"), the concept denoting the respectability an honorable man accrues with accomplishment (cultural, political, martial), per his station in life. In Book I, the Achaean troubles begin with King Agamemnon's dishonorable, unkingly behavior—first, by threatening the priest Chryses (1.11), then, by aggravating them in disrespecting Achilles, by confiscating Briseis from him (1.171). The warrior's consequent rancor against the dishonorable king ruins the Achaean military cause.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: () plays a part similar to . The epic takes as its thesis the anger of Achilles and the destruction it brings. Anger disturbs the distance between human beings and the gods. Uncontrolled anger destroys orderly social relationships and upsets the balance of correct actions necessary to keep the gods away from human beings. Despite the epic's focus on Achilles' rage, also plays a prominent role, serving as both kindling and fuel for many destructive events.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Agamemnon refuses to ransom Chriseis up out of and harms Achilles' pride when he demands Briseis. Hubris forces Paris to fight against Menelaus. Agamemnon spurs the Achaean to fight, by calling into question Odysseus, Diomedes, and Nestor's pride, asking why they were cowering and waiting for help when they should be the ones leading the charge. While the events of the "Iliad" focus on the Achilles' rage and the destruction it brings on, fuels and stokes them both.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Accepting the prospect of death as fair price for avenging Patroclus, he returns to battle, dooming Hector and Troy, thrice chasing him around the Trojan walls, before slaying him, then dragging the corpse behind his chariot, back to camp.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Herodotus, having consulted the Oracle at Dodona, placed Homer and Hesiod at approximately 400 years before his own time, which would place them at .

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: The title (; gen. ) is an ellipsis of , meaning "the Trojan poem". , is the specifically feminine adjective form from . The masculine adjective form would be or . It is used by Herodotus.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: The first edition of the "Iliad", , was edited by Demetrius Chalcondyles and published by Bernardus Nerlius and Demetrius Damilas in Florence in 1489.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: In antiquity, the Greeks applied the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey" as the bases of pedagogy. Literature was central to the educational-cultural function of the itinerant rhapsode, who composed consistent epic poems from memory and improvisation, and disseminated them, via song and chant, in his travels and at the Panathenaic Festival of athletics, music, poetics, and sacrifice, celebrating Athena's birthday.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: In the "Iliad", occasional syntactic inconsistency may be an oral tradition effect—for example, Aphrodite is "laughter-loving", despite being painfully wounded by Diomedes (Book V, 375); and the divine representations may mix Mycenaean and Greek Dark Age () mythologies, parallelling the hereditary nobles (lower social rank rulers) with minor deities, such as Scamander, et al.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Ajax's cumbersome shield is more suitable for defence than for offence, while his cousin, Achilles, sports a large, rounded, octagonal shield that he successfully deploys along with his spear against the Trojans:

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Although Homer's depictions are graphic, it can be seen in the very end that victory in war is a far more somber occasion, where all that is lost becomes apparent. On the other hand, the funeral games are lively, for the dead man's life is celebrated. This overall depiction of war runs contrary to many other ancient Greek depictions, where war is an aspiration for greater glory.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Few modern (archeologically, historically and Homerically accurate) reconstructions of arms, armor and motifs as described by Homer exist. Some historical reconstructions have been done by Salimbeti et al.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: One example of this is the Spartan tale of 300 picked men fighting against 300 picked Argives. In this battle of champions, only two men are left standing for the Argives and one for the Spartans. Othryades, the remaining Spartan, goes back to stand in his formation with mortal wounds while the remaining two Argives go back to Argos to report their victory. Thus, the Spartans claimed this as a victory, as their last man displayed the ultimate feat of bravery by maintaining his position in the phalanx.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: In terms of the ideology of commanders in later Greek history, the "Iliad" has an interesting effect. The "Iliad" expresses a definite disdain for tactical trickery, when Hector says, before he challenges the great Ajax:

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Ultimately, while Homeric (or epic) fighting is certainly not completely replicated in later Greek warfare, many of its ideals, tactics, and instruction are.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Hans van Wees argues that the period that the descriptions of warfare relate can be pinned down fairly specifically—to the first half of the 7th century BC.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: William Shakespeare used the plot of the "Iliad" as source material for his play "Troilus and Cressida", but focused on a medieval legend, the love story of Troilus, son of King Priam of Troy, and Cressida, daughter of the Trojan soothsayer Calchas. The play, often considered to be a comedy, reverses traditional views on events of the Trojan War and depicts Achilles as a coward, Ajax as a dull, unthinking mercenary, etc.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: William Theed the elder made an impressive bronze statue of Thetis as she brought Achilles his new armor forged by Hephaesthus. It has been on display in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 2013.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Robert Browning's poem "Development" discusses his childhood introduction to the matter of the "Iliad" and his delight in the epic, as well as contemporary debates about its authorship.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: In the lectures "On Translating Homer" (1861), Matthew Arnold addresses the matters of translation and interpretation in rendering the "Iliad" to English; commenting upon the versions contemporarily available in 1861, he identifies the four essential poetic qualities of Homer to which the translator must do justice:

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: [i] that he is eminently rapid; [ii] that he is eminently plain and direct, both in the evolution of his thought and in the expression of it, that is, both in his syntax and in his words; [iii] that he is eminently plain and direct in the substance of his thought, that is, in his matter and ideas; and, finally, [iv] that he is eminently noble.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: An 1898 translation by Samuel Butler was published by Longmans. Butler had read Classics at Cambridge University, graduating in 1859.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Iliad

Context: Since 1950, there have been several English translations. Richmond Lattimore's version (1951) is "a free six-beat" line-for-line rendering that explicitly eschews "poetical dialect" for "the plain English of today." It is literal, unlike older verse renderings. Robert Fitzgerald's version (Oxford World's Classics, 1974) strives to situate the "Iliad" in the musical forms of English poetry. His forceful version is freer, with shorter lines that increase the sense of swiftness and energy.

Question: Каким веком датируется первая найденная копия "Эллиады"?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and Cameroon to the west.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic covers a land area of about . , it had an estimated population of around million. , the Central African Republic is the scene of a civil war, ongoing since 2012.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Most of the Central African Republic consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas, but the country also includes a Sahelo-Sudanian zone in the north and an equatorial forest zone in the south. Two-thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River basin (which flows into the Congo), while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari, which flows into Lake Chad.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders, including an abortive attempt at a monarchy.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of Central African States, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the Non-Aligned Movement.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The name of the Central African Republic is derived from the country's geographical location in the central region of Africa and its republican form of government. From 1976 to 1979, the country was known as the Central African Empire.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: During the colonial era, the country's name was Ubangi-Shari (), a name derived from the Ubangi River and the Chari River. Barthélemy Boganda, the country's first prime minister, favored the name "Central African Republic" over Ubangi-Shari, reportedly because he envisioned a larger union of countries in Central Africa.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Bouar Megaliths in the western region of the country indicate an advanced level of habitation dating back to the very late Neolithic Era (c. 3500–2700 BCE). Ironworking arrived in the region around 1000 BCE.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Ubangian people settled along the Ubangi River in what is today Central and East Central African Republic while some Bantu peoples migrated from the southwest from Cameroon.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Bananas arrived in the region during the first millennium BCE and added an important source of carbohydrates to the diet; they were also used in the production of alcoholic beverages. Production of copper, salt, dried fish, and textiles dominated the economic trade in the Central African region.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: On 31 December 1965, Dacko was overthrown in the Saint-Sylvestre coup d'état by Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa, who suspended the constitution and dissolved the National Assembly. President Bokassa declared himself President for Life in 1972 and named himself Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African Empire (as the country was renamed) on 4 December 1976. A year later, Emperor Bokassa crowned himself in a lavish and expensive ceremony that was ridiculed by much of the world.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Kolingba suspended the constitution and ruled with a military junta until 1985. He introduced a new constitution in 1986 which was adopted by a nationwide referendum. Membership in his new party, the Rassemblement Démocratique Centrafricain (RDC), was voluntary. In 1987 and 1988, semi-free elections to parliament were held, but Kolingba's two major political opponents, Abel Goumba and Ange-Félix Patassé, were not allowed to participate.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: In 1998, parliamentary elections resulted in Kolingba's RDC winning 20 out of 109 seats. The next year, however, in spite of widespread public anger in urban centers over his corrupt rule, Patassé won a second term in the presidential election.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: On 28 May 2001, rebels stormed strategic buildings in Bangui in an unsuccessful coup attempt. The army chief of staff, Abel Abrou, and General François N'Djadder Bedaya were killed, but Patassé regained the upper hand by bringing in at least 300 troops of the Congolese rebel leader Jean-Pierre Bemba and Libyan soldiers.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: François Bozizé suspended the constitution and named a new cabinet, which included most opposition parties. Abel Goumba was named vice-president, which gave Bozizé's new government a positive image. Bozizé established a broad-based National Transition Council to draft a new constitution, and announced that he would step down and run for office once the new constitution was approved.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: In 2004, the Central African Republic Bush War began, as forces opposed to Bozizé took up arms against his government. In May 2005, Bozizé won the presidential election, which excluded Patassé, and in 2006 fighting continued between the government and the rebels. In November 2006, Bozizé's government requested French military support to help them repel rebels who had taken control of towns in the country's northern regions.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Though the initial public details of the agreement pertained to logistics and intelligence, by December the French assistance included airstrikes by Dassault Mirage 2000 fighters against rebel positions.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: In November 2012, Séléka, a coalition of rebel groups, took over towns in the northern and central regions of the country. These groups eventually reached a peace deal with the Bozizé's government in January 2013 involving a power sharing government but this deal broke down and the rebels seized the capital in March 2013 and Bozizé fled the country.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Michel Djotodia took over as president. Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye requested a UN peacekeeping force from the UN Security Council and on 31 May former President Bozizé was indicted for crimes against humanity and incitement of genocide.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: By the end of the year there were international warnings of a "genocide" and fighting was largely from reprisal attacks on civilians from Seleka's predominantly Muslim fighters and Christian militias called "anti-balaka." By August 2013, there were reports of over 200,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs)

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Touadéra was sworn in on 30 March 2016. No representatives of the Seleka rebel group or the "anti-balaka" militias were included in the subsequently formed government.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: After the end of Touadéra's first term, presidential elections were held on 27 December 2020 with a possible second round planned for 14 February 2021. Former president François Bozizé announced his candidacy on 25 July 2020 but was rejected by the Constitutional Court of the country, which held that Bozizé did not satisfy the “good morality” requirement for candidates because of an international warrant and United Nations sanctions against him for alleged assassinations, torture and other crimes.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic is a landlocked nation within the interior of the African continent. It is bordered by Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of the Congo. The country lies between latitudes 2° and 11°N, and longitudes 14° and 28°E.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: At , the Central African Republic is the world's 44th-largest country. It is comparable in size to Ukraine, as Ukraine is in area, according to List of countries and dependencies by area.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Much of the southern border is formed by tributaries of the Congo River; the Mbomou River in the east merges with the Uele River to form the Ubangi River, which also comprises portions of the southern border. The Sangha River flows through some of the western regions of the country, while the eastern border lies along the edge of the Nile River watershed.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: It has been estimated that up to 8% of the country is covered by forest, with the densest parts generally located in the southern regions. The forests are highly diverse and include commercially important species of Ayous, Sapelli and Sipo. The deforestation rate is about 0.4% per annum, and lumber poaching is commonplace. The Central African Republic had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 9.28/10, ranking it 7th globally out of 172 countries.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic is the focal point of the Bangui Magnetic Anomaly, one of the largest magnetic anomalies on Earth.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The climate of the Central African Republic is generally tropical, with a wet season that lasts from June to September in the northern regions of the country, and from May to October in the south. During the wet season, rainstorms are an almost daily occurrence, and early morning fog is commonplace. Maximum annual precipitation is approximately in the upper Ubangi region.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The northern areas are hot and humid from February to May, but can be subject to the hot, dry, and dusty trade wind known as the Harmattan. The southern regions have a more equatorial climate, but they are subject to desertification, while the extreme northeast regions of the country are a steppe.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic is divided into 16 administrative prefectures ("préfectures"), two of which are economic prefectures ("préfectures economiques"), and one an autonomous commune; the prefectures are further divided into 71 sub-prefectures ("sous-préfectures").

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The prefectures are Bamingui-Bangoran, Basse-Kotto, Haute-Kotto, Haut-Mbomou, Kémo, Lobaye, Mambéré-Kadéï, Mbomou, Nana-Mambéré, Ombella-M'Poko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pendé and Vakaga. The economic prefectures are Nana-Grébizi and Sangha-Mbaéré, while the commune is the capital city of Bangui.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Politics in the Central African Republic formally take place in a framework of a presidential republic. In this system, the President is the head of state, with a Prime Minister as head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Changes in government have occurred in recent years by three methods: violence, negotiations, and elections. A new constitution was approved by voters in a referendum held on 5 December 2004. The government was rated 'Partly Free' from 1991 to 2001 and from 2004 to 2013.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The president is elected by popular vote for a six-year term, and the prime minister is appointed by the president. The president also appoints and presides over the Council of Ministers, which initiates laws and oversees government operations. However, as of 2018 the official government is not in control of large parts of the country, which are governed by rebel groups.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The National Assembly ("Assemblée Nationale") has 140 members, elected for a five-year term using the two-round (or Run-off) system.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: As in many other former French colonies, the Central African Republic's legal system is based on French law. The Supreme Court, or "Cour Supreme", is made up of judges appointed by the president. There is also a Constitutional Court, and its judges are also appointed by the president.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic relies heavily on Russian mercenaries for the protection of its diamond mines.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic is heavily dependent upon foreign aid and numerous NGOs provide services that the government does not provide. In 2019, over US$100 million in foreign aid was spent in the country, mostly on humanitarian assistance.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: In response to concerns of a potential genocide, a peacekeeping force – the International Support Mission to the Central African Republic (MISCA) – was authorized in December 2013. This African Union force of 6,000 personnel was accompanied by the French Operation Sangaris.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The State Department report also cites widespread mob violence, the prevalence of female genital mutilation, discrimination against women and Pygmies, human trafficking, forced labor, and child labor. Freedom of movement is limited in the northern part of the country "because of actions by state security forces, armed bandits, and other nonstate armed entities", and due to fighting between government and anti-government forces, many persons have been internally displaced.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Violence against children and women in relation to accusations of witchcraft has also been cited as a serious problem in the country. Witchcraft is a criminal offense under the penal code.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Freedom of speech is addressed in the country's constitution, but there have been incidents of government intimidation of the media. A report by the International Research & Exchanges Board's media sustainability index noted that "the country minimally met objectives, with segments of the legal system and government opposed to a free media system".

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Approximately 68% of girls are married before they turn 18, and the United Nations' Human Development Index ranked the country 188 out of 188 countries surveyed. The Bureau of International Labor Affairs has also mentioned it in its last edition of the "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor".

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The population of the Central African Republic has almost quadrupled since independence. In 1960, the population was 1,232,000; as of a UN estimate, it is approximately .

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The United Nations estimates that approximately 4% of the population aged between 15 and 49 is HIV positive. Only 3% of the country has antiretroviral therapy available, compared to a 17% coverage in the neighbouring countries of Chad and the Republic of the Congo.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The nation is divided into over 80 ethnic groups, each having its own language. The largest ethnic groups are the Baggara Arabs, Baka, Banda, Bayaka, Fula, Gbaya, Kara, Kresh, Mbaka, Mandja, Ngbandi, Sara, Vidiri, Wodaabe, Yakoma, Yulu, Zande, with others including Europeans of mostly French descent.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: There are many missionary groups operating in the country, including Lutherans, Baptists, Catholics, Grace Brethren, and Jehovah's Witnesses. While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African countries. Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002–3, but many of them have now returned to continue their work.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: According to Overseas Development Institute research, during the crisis ongoing since 2012, religious leaders have mediated between communities and armed groups; they also provided refuge for people seeking shelter.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic's two official languages are French and Sango (also spelled Sangho), a creole developed as an inter-ethnic lingua franca based on the local Ngbandi language. The Central African Republic is one of the few African countries to have an African language as their official language.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The per capita income of the Republic is often listed as being approximately $400 a year, one of the lowest in the world, but this figure is based mostly on reported sales of exports and largely ignores the unregistered sale of foods, locally produced alcoholic beverages, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medicine.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The currency of the Central African Republic is the CFA franc, which is accepted across the former countries of French West Africa and trades at a fixed rate to the euro. Diamonds constitute the country's most important export, accounting for 40–55% of export revenues, but it is estimated that between 30% and 50% of those produced each year leave the country clandestinely.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: On April 27, 2022, Bitcoin (BTC) was adopted as an additional legal tender. Lawmakers unanimously adopted a bill that made bitcoin legal tender alongside the CFA franc and legalized the use of cryptocurrencies. President Faustin-Archange Touadéra signed the measure into law, said his chief of staff Obed Namsio.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Republic's primary import partner is France (17.1%). Other imports come from the United States (12.3%), India (11.5%), and China (8.2%). Its largest export partner is France (31.2%), followed by Burundi (16.2%), China (12.5%), Cameroon (9.6%), and Austria (7.8%).

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). In the 2009 World Bank Group's report "Doing Business", it was ranked 183rd of 183 as regards 'ease of doing business', a composite index which takes into account regulations that enhance business activity and those that restrict it.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Bangui is the transport hub of the Central African Republic. As of 1999, eight roads connected the city to other main towns in the country, Cameroon, Chad and South Sudan; of these, only the toll roads are paved. During the rainy season from July to October, some roads are impassable.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: River ferries sail from the river port at Bangui to Brazzaville and Zongo. The river can be navigated most of the year between Bangui and Brazzaville. From Brazzaville, goods are transported by rail to Pointe-Noire, Congo's Atlantic port. The river port handles the overwhelming majority of the country's international trade and has a cargo handling capacity of 350,000 tons; it has length of wharfs and of warehousing space.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Bangui M'Poko International Airport is Central African Republic's only international airport. As of June 2014 it had regularly scheduled direct flights to Brazzaville, Casablanca, Cotonou, Douala, Kinshasa, Lomé, Luanda, Malabo, N'Djamena, Paris, Pointe-Noire, and Yaoundé.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The Central African Republic primarily uses hydroelectricity as there are few other low cost resources for generating electricity.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Public education in the Central African Republic is free and is compulsory from ages 6 to 14. However, approximately half of the adult population of the country is illiterate.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The two institutions of higher education in the Central African Republic are the University of Bangui, a public university located in Bangui, which includes a medical school; and Euclid University, an international university.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The largest hospitals in the country are located in the Bangui district. As a member of the World Health Organization, the Central African Republic receives vaccination assistance, such as a 2014 intervention for the prevention of a measles epidemic. In 2007, female life expectancy at birth was 48.2 years and male life expectancy at birth was 45.1 years.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Women's health is poor in the Central African Republic. , the country had the 4th highest maternal mortality rate in the world.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The total fertility rate in 2014 was estimated at 4.46 children born/woman. Approximately 25% of women had undergone female genital mutilation. Many births in the country are guided by traditional birth attendants, who often have little or no formal training.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: According to 2009 estimates, the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate is about 4.7% of the adult population (ages 15–49). This is in general agreement with the 2016 United Nations estimate of approximately 4%. Government expenditure on health was US$20 (PPP) per person in 2006 and 10.9% of total government expenditure in 2006. There was only around 1 physician for every 20,000 persons in 2009.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: Basketball is the country's most popular sport and a good way to connect with its people. Its national team won the African Championship twice and was the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the Basketball World Cup, in 1974.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Central African Republic

Context: The country also has a national football team, which is governed by the Central African Football Federation, and stages matches at the Barthélemy Boganda Stadium.

Question: Как зовут президента ЦАР на март 2019?


Discworld

Context: "Discworld" books regularly topped "Sunday Times" best-sellers list, making Pratchett the UK's best-selling author in the 1990s. "Discworld" novels have also won awards such as the Prometheus Award and the Carnegie Medal. In the BBC's Big Read, four "Discworld" novels were in the top 100, and a total of fourteen in the top 200. More than 80 million "Discworld" books have been sold in 37 languages.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: The "Discworld" novels and stories are, in principle, stand-alone works. However, a number of novels and stories form novel sequences with distinct story arcs:

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Rincewind was the first protagonist of "Discworld". He is a wizard with no skill, no wizardly qualifications, and no interest in heroics. He is extremely cowardly but is constantly thrust into dangerous adventures. He saves Discworld on several occasions, and has an instrumental role in the emergence of life on Roundworld ("Science of Discworld").

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Death appears in every novel except "The Wee Free Men" and "Snuff", although sometimes with only a few lines. He is a seven-foot-tall skeleton in a black robe who sits astride a pale horse (called Binky). His dialogue is always depicted in small caps, and without quotation marks, as several characters state that Death's voice seems to arrive in their heads without actually passing through their ears as sound.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Death has the job of guiding souls onward from this world into the next. Over millennia in the role, he has developed a fascination with humanity to a point where he feels protective of it against outside forces. This fascination with humanity led to him adopting a daughter and taking on an apprentice (detailed in "Mort") and eventually to their daughter Susan Sto Helit, who becomes a main character in books such as "Soul Music, Hogfather", and "Thief of Time".

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Witches in Pratchett's universe are largely stripped of their modern occultist associations (though Pratchett does frequently use his stories to lampoon such conceptions of witchcraft), and act as herbalists, adjudicators and wise women. Witches on the Disc can use magic, but generally prefer not to, finding simple but cunningly applied psychology (called "headology") far more effective.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: The stories featuring the Ankh-Morpork City Watch are urban fantasy, and frequently show the clashes that result when a traditional, magically run fantasy world such as the Disc comes into contact with modern technology and civilization. They revolve around the growth of the Ankh-Morpork City Watch from a hopeless gang of three to a fully equipped and efficient police force. The stories are largely police procedurals, featuring crimes that have heavy political or societal overtones.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: The main character is Sam Vimes, a haggard, cynical, working-class street copper who, when introduced in "Guards! Guards!", is the alcoholic Captain of the three-person Night Watch: lazy, cowardly, and none-too-bright Sergeant Fred Colon, and Corporal Nobby Nobbs, a petty thief in his own right. Then Carrot Ironfoundersson, a 6-foot-6-inch-tall (1.98 m) dwarf-by-adoption, comes down from the mountains to join the Watch and do real policing.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Pratchett stated on numerous occasions that the presence of the City Watch makes Ankh-Morpork stories "problematic", as stories set in the city that do not directly involve Vimes and the Watch often require a Watch presence to maintain the story—at which point, it becomes a Watch story by default.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: The Wizards have featured prominently in nine "Discworld" books as well as starred in The Science of Discworld series and the short story "A Collegiate Casting-Out of Devilish Devices".

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Several other books can be grouped together as "Other cultures of Discworld" books. They may contain characters or locations from other arcs, typically not as protagonist or antagonist but as a supporting character or even a throwaway reference. These include "Pyramids" (Djelibeybi), "Small Gods" (Omnia), and "Monstrous Regiment" (Zlobenia and Borogravia).

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: There are also a number of short stories by Pratchett based in the Discworld, including published miscellanea such as the fictional game origins of "Thud". All are available in the anthology "A Blink of the Screen" (2012) as well as in the following locations:

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Seven of the short stories or short writings were also collected in a compilation of the majority of Pratchett's known short work named "Once More* With Footnotes" (2004).

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Additionally, another short story "Turntables of the Night" (1989) is set in England but features Death as a character; it is available online and in both anthologies.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Pratchett also collaborated with Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen on four books, using the Discworld to illuminate popular science topics. Each book alternates chapters of a "Discworld" story and notes on real science related to it. The books are:

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Most years see the release of a Discworld Diary and Discworld Calendar, both usually following a particular theme.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: The diaries feature background information about their themes. Some topics are later used in the series; the character of Miss Alice Band first appeared in the "Assassins' Guild Yearbook", for example.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: "The Discworld Almanak – The Year of The Prawn" has a similar format and general contents to the diaries.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: This section discusses chronology and connections between the books. For literal reading order, see bibliography.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: After Terry Pratchett was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, he said that he would be happy for his daughter Rhianna to continue the series. Pratchett co-founded Narrativia in 2012 along with Rob Wilkins to serve as a production company for adaptations of his works, with Rhianna as a member of its writing team. Rhianna Pratchett said that she would be involved in spin-offs, adaptations and tie-ins, but there would be no more novels.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: "The Colour of Magic", "The Light Fantastic", "Mort", "Guards! Guards!", and "Small Gods" have been adapted into graphic novels.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Due in part to the complexity of the novels, "Discworld" has been difficult to adapt to film – Pratchett was fond of an anecdote of a producer attempting to pitch an adaptation of "Mort" in the early 1990s but was told to "lose the Death angle" by US backers.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Cosgrove Hall produced several animated adaptations for Channel 4 from 1996 to 1997. All three star Christopher Lee as Death. These were made available on DVD and VHS in the US from Acorn Media.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Three television movies were commissioned by Sky One in the late 2000s, each of which were broadcast in two parts. Terry Pratchett cameos as a minor character in all three.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Various other types of related merchandise have been produced by cottage industries with an interest in the books, including Stephen Briggs, Bernard Pearson, Bonsai Trading, Paul Kidby and Clarecraft.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: Pratchett co-authored with Phil Masters two role-playing game supplements for Discworld, utilising the GURPS system:

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Discworld

Context: On 5 November 2019, the BBC News listed "The Discworld Series" on its list of the 100 most influential novels.

Question: Как зовут главного героя первого романа из серии "Плоский мир"?


Fire class

Context: A fire class is a system of categorizing fire with regard to the type of material and fuel for combustion. Class letters are often assigned to the different types of fire, but these differ between territories. There are separate standards for the United States, Europe, and Australia. This is used to determine the type of extinguishing agent that can be used for that fire class.

Question: Чем тушат возгорание металла?


Fire class

Context: Class A fires consist of ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, fabric, and most kinds of trash. They may be extinguished by water, wet chemical suppression, or dry chemical powder.

Question: Чем тушат возгорание металла?


Fire class

Context: Class D fires involve combustible metals - especially alkali metals like lithium and potassium, alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, and group 4 elements such as titanium and zirconium.

Question: Чем тушат возгорание металла?


Narasimha

Context: In Sanskrit the word "Narasimha" consists of two words "nara" which means man, and "simha" which means lion. Together the term means "man-lion", referring to a mixed creature avatar of Vishnu. Additionally, the word "singh" is often used in place of "simha" which also means lion in Sanskrit and other Indian languages.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: The Vishnu hymn 1.154 of the "Rigveda" (1700-1200 BCE) contains a verse with allusions to a "wild beast, dread, prowling, mountain-roaming", which has been interpreted by some to be the Narasiṃha legend. Another hymn 8.14 alludes to the Namuci legend with "waters' foam you tore off, Indra, the head of Namuci, subduing all contending hosts", but the hymns does not present details.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: A more complete version of the Namuci legend is found in "Shatapatha Brahmana" of the "Yajurveda" in chapter 12.7.3.v Other references to Narasimha are found in the Vedic texts Vajaseneyi Samhita 10.34, Pancavimsa Brahmana 12.6.8 and Taittiriya Brahmana 1.7.1.6.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: After Namuci is killed, the gods get all the powers back, but discover that Namuci had drunk the Soma already. The good was thus now mixed with his badness of his blood, which they did not want to drink. So, they extract the good out from the bad. Thus, good returns to the Devas, the bad is discarded.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: Hiraṇyakaśipu pointed to a nearby pillar and asked if 'his Viṣṇu' is in it and said to his son Prahlāda, "O most unfortunate Prahlāda, you have always described a supreme being other than me, a supreme being who is above everything, who is the controller of everyone, and who is all-pervading. But where is He? If He is everywhere, then why is He not present before me in this pillar?" Prahlāda then answered, "He was, He is and He will be."

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: In an alternate version of the story, Prahlāda answered,"He is in pillars, and he is in the smallest twig".

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: Narasimha was in rage and seeing this, Lord Brahma sent Prahlad to pacify him. Prahlad sang hymns and the 'Ugra' Narasimha now became peaceful 'Soumya' or 'Shant' Narasimha.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: The Kūrma Purāṇa describes the preceding battle between the Puruṣa and demonic forces in which he escapes a powerful weapon called Paśupāta. According to Soifer, it describes how Prahlāda's brothers headed by Anuhrāda and thousands of other demons "were led to the valley of death (yamalayam) by the lion produced from the body of man-lion". The same episode occurs in the "Matsya Purāṇa" 179, several chapters after its version of the Narasiṃha advent.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: Narasimha is always shown with a lion face with clawed fingers fused with a human body. Sometimes he is coming out of a pillar signifying that he is everywhere, in everything, in everyone. Some temples such as at Ahobilam, Andhra Pradesh, the iconography is more extensive, and includes nine other icons of Narasimha:

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: Narasimha is a significant iconic symbol of creative resistance, hope against odds, victory over persecution, and destruction of evil. He is the destructor of not only external evil, but also one's own inner evil of "body, speech, and mind" states Pratapaditya Pal.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: In South Indian art – sculptures, bronzes and paintings – Viṣṇu's incarnation as Narasiṃha is one of the most chosen themes and amongst Avatāras perhaps next only to Rāma and Kṛṣṇa in popularity.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: Narasimha is worshipped across Telangana and Andhra Pradesh States in numerous forms. Although, it is common that each of the temples contain depictions of Narasimha in more than one form, Ahobilam contains nine temples of Narasimha dedicated to the nine forms of Narasimha. It is also notable that the central aspect of Narasimha incarnation is killing the demon Hiranyakasipu, but that image of Narasimha is not commonly worshipped in temples, although it is depicted.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: The Narasimha legend was influential by the 5th-century, when various Gupta Empire kings minted coins with his images or sponsored inscriptions that associated the ethos of Narasimha with their own. The kings thus legitimized their rule as someone like Narasimha who fights evil and persecution. Some of the coins of the Kushan era show Narasimha-like images, suggesting possible influence.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: Some of the oldest Narasimha terracotta artworks have been dated to about the 2nd-century CE, such as those discovered in Kausambi. A nearly complete, exquisitely carved standing Narasimha statue, wearing a "pancha", with personified attributes near him has been found at the Mathura archeological site and is dated to the 6th-century.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Narasimha

Context: The Narasimha legends have been a part of various Indian classical dance repertoire. For example, Kathakali theatre has included the Narasimha-Hiranyakasipu battle storyline, and adaptations of "Prahlada Caritam" with Narasimha has been one of the popular performances in Kerala. Similarly, the Bhagavata Mela dance-drama performance arts of Tamil Nadu traditionally celebrate the annual Narasimha jayanti festival by performing the story within regional Narasimha temples.

Question: С кем боролся Нараси́мха, как аватар Вишну?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter the Great (), Peter I or Pyotr Alekséyevich (;  – ) was a monarch of the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V. Under his reign, Russia was modernised and grew into a European power.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: However, the formation of local elites domestically was not his main priority, and the first Russian university—Saint Petersburg State University—was founded only a year before his death, in 1724. The second one, Moscow State University, was founded 30 years after his death, during the reign of his daughter Elizabeth.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: This arrangement was brought before the people of Moscow, as ancient tradition demanded, and was ratified. Sophia, one of Alexis' daughters from his first marriage, led a rebellion of the Streltsy (Russia's elite military corps) in April–May 1682. In the subsequent conflict, some of Peter's relatives and friends were murdered, including Matveev, and Peter witnessed some of these acts of political violence.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter was not particularly concerned that others ruled in his name. He engaged in such pastimes as shipbuilding and sailing, as well as mock battles with his toy army. Peter's mother sought to force him to adopt a more conventional approach and arranged his marriage to Eudoxia Lopukhina in 1689. The marriage was a failure, and ten years later Peter forced his wife to become a nun and thus freed himself from the union.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Still, Peter could not acquire actual control over Russian affairs. Power was instead exercised by his mother, Natalya Naryshkina. It was only when Natalya died in 1694 that Peter, then aged 22, became an independent sovereign. Formally, Ivan V was a co-ruler with Peter, though being ineffective. Peter became the sole ruler when Ivan died in 1696 without male offspring, two years later.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter grew to be extremely tall as an adult, especially for the time period, reportedly standing . Peter, however, lacked the overall proportional heft and bulk generally found in a man that size. Both his hands and feet were small, and his shoulders were narrow for his height; likewise, his head was small for his tall body. Added to this were Peter's noticeable facial tics, and he may have suffered from "petit mal seizures", a form of epilepsy.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: During his youth, Peter befriended Patrick Gordon, Franz Lefort and several other foreigners in Russian service and was a frequent guest in Moscow's German Quarter, where he met his Dutch mistress Anna Mons.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia. Heavily influenced by his advisors from Western Europe, Peter reorganized the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a maritime power. He faced much opposition to these policies at home but brutally suppressed rebellions against his authority, including by the Streltsy, Bashkirs, Astrakhan, and the greatest civil uprising of his reign, the Bulavin Rebellion.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter implemented social modernization in an absolute manner by introducing French and western dress to his court and requiring courtiers, state officials, and the military to shave their beards and adopt modern clothing styles. One means of achieving this end was the introduction of taxes for long beards and robes in September 1698.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In his process to westernize Russia, he wanted members of his family to marry other European royalty. In the past, his ancestors had been snubbed at the idea, but now, it was proving fruitful. He negotiated with Frederick William, Duke of Courland to marry his niece, Anna Ivanovna. He used the wedding in order to launch his new capital, St Petersburg, where he had already ordered building projects of westernized palaces and buildings. Peter hired Italian and German architects to design it.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: As part of his reforms, Peter started an industrialization effort that was slow but eventually successful. Russian manufacturing and main exports were based on the mining and lumber industries. For example, by the end of the century Russia came to export more iron than any other country in the world.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: To improve his nation's position on the seas, Peter sought to gain more maritime outlets. His only outlet at the time was the White Sea at Arkhangelsk. The Baltic Sea was at the time controlled by Sweden in the north, while the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea were controlled by the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire respectively in the south.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter attempted to acquire control of the Black Sea, which would require expelling the Tatars from the surrounding areas. As part of an agreement with Poland that ceded Kiev to Russia, Peter was forced to wage war against the Crimean Khan and against the Khan's overlord, the Ottoman Sultan. Peter's primary objective became the capture of the Ottoman fortress of Azov, near the Don River. In the summer of 1695 Peter organized the Azov campaigns to take the fortress, but his attempts ended in failure.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter returned to Moscow in November 1695 and began building a large navy. He launched about thirty ships against the Ottomans in 1696, capturing Azov in July of that year. On 12 September 1698, Peter officially founded the first Russian Navy base, Taganrog on the Sea of Azov.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In England, Peter met with King William III, visited Greenwich and Oxford, posed for Sir Godfrey Kneller, and saw a Royal Navy Fleet Review at Deptford. He studied the English techniques of city-building he would later use to great effect at Saint Petersburg.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: The Embassy next went to Leipzig, Dresden, Prague and Vienna. Peter spoke with Augustus II the Strong and Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In 1698, Peter sent a delegation to Malta, under boyar Boris Sheremetev, to observe the training and abilities of the Knights of Malta and their fleet. Sheremetev investigated the possibility of future joint ventures with the Knights, including action against the Turks and the possibility of a future Russian naval base.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In 1699, Peter changed the date of the celebration of the new year from 1 September to 1 January. Traditionally, the years were reckoned from the purported creation of the World, but after Peter's reforms, they were to be counted from the birth of Christ. Thus, in the year 7207 of the old Russian calendar, Peter proclaimed that the Julian Calendar was in effect and the year was 1700.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter made a temporary peace with the Ottoman Empire that allowed him to keep the captured fort of Azov, and turned his attention to Russian maritime supremacy. He sought to acquire control of the Baltic Sea, which had been taken by the Swedish Empire a half-century earlier. Peter declared war on Sweden, which was at the time led by the young King Charles XII. Sweden was also opposed by Denmark–Norway, Saxony, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Russia was ill-prepared to fight the Swedes, and their first attempt at seizing the Baltic coast ended in disaster at the Battle of Narva in 1700. In the conflict, the forces of Charles XII, rather than employ a slow methodical siege, attacked immediately using a blinding snowstorm to their advantage. After the battle, Charles XII decided to concentrate his forces against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which gave Peter time to reorganize the Russian army.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Following several defeats, Polish King Augustus II the Strong abdicated in 1706. Swedish king Charles XII turned his attention to Russia, invading it in 1708. After crossing into Russia, Charles defeated Peter at Golovchin in July. In the Battle of Lesnaya, Charles suffered his first loss after Peter crushed a group of Swedish reinforcements marching from Riga. Deprived of this aid, Charles was forced to abandon his proposed march on Moscow.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter, overestimating the support he would receive from his Balkan allies, attacked the Ottoman Empire, initiating the Russo-Turkish War of 1710. Peter's campaign in the Ottoman Empire was disastrous, and in the ensuing Treaty of the Pruth, Peter was forced to return the Black Sea ports he had seized in 1697. In return, the Sultan expelled Charles XII.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter's northern armies took the Swedish province of Livonia (the northern half of modern Latvia, and the southern half of modern Estonia), driving the Swedes into Finland. In 1714 the Russian fleet won the Battle of Gangut. Most of Finland was occupied by the Russians.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In 1716 and 1717, the Tsar revisited the Netherlands and went to see Herman Boerhaave. He continued his travel to the Austrian Netherlands and France. Peter obtained the assistance of the Electorate of Hanover and the Kingdom of Prussia.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In 1717, Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia against the Khanate of Khiva. The expedition ended in complete disaster when the entire expeditionary force was slaughtered.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In 1718, Peter investigated why the formerly Swedish province of Livonia was so orderly. He discovered that the Swedes spent as much administering Livonia (300 times smaller than his empire) as he spent on the entire Russian bureaucracy. He was forced to dismantle the province's government.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In 1722, Peter created a new order of precedence known as the Table of Ranks. Formerly, precedence had been determined by birth. To deprive the Boyars of their high positions, Peter directed that precedence should be determined by merit and service to the Emperor. The Table of Ranks continued to remain in effect until the Russian monarchy was overthrown in 1917.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter decided that all of the children of the nobility should have some early education, especially in the areas of sciences. Therefore, on 28 February 1714, he issued a decree calling for compulsory education, which dictated that all Russian 10- to 15-year-old children of the nobility, government clerks, and lesser-ranked officials must learn basic mathematics and geometry, and should be tested on the subjects at the end of their studies.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: This icy water rescue is said to have exacerbated Peter's bladder problems and caused his death. The story, however, has been viewed with skepticism by some historians, pointing out that the German chronicler Jacob von Staehlin is the only source for the story, and it seems unlikely that no one else would have documented such an act of heroism. This, plus the interval of time between these actions and Peter's death seems to preclude any direct link.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In early January 1725, Peter was struck once again with uremia. Legend has it that before lapsing into unconsciousness Peter asked for a paper and pen and scrawled an unfinished note that read: "Leave all to ..." and then, exhausted by the effort, asked for his daughter Anna to be summoned.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In 1721, Peter followed the advice of Theophan Prokopovich in designing the Holy Synod as a council of ten clergymen. For leadership in the church, Peter turned increasingly to Ukrainians, who were more open to reform, but were not well loved by the Russian clergy. Peter implemented a law that stipulated that no Russian man could join a monastery before the age of fifty. He felt that too many able Russian men were being wasted on clerical work when they could be joining his new and improved army.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: A clerical career was not a route chosen by upper-class society. Most parish priests were sons of priests, were very poorly educated, and very poorly paid. The monks in the monasteries had a slightly higher status; they were not allowed to marry. Politically, the church was impotent.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter the Great had two wives, with whom he had fourteen children, three of whom survived to adulthood. Peter's mother selected his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina, with the advice of other nobles in 1689. This was consistent with previous Romanov tradition by choosing a daughter of a minor noble. This was done to prevent fighting between the stronger noble houses and to bring fresh blood into the family. He also had a mistress from Holland, Anna Mons.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Upon his return from his European tour in 1698, Peter sought to end his unhappy marriage. He divorced the Tsaritsa and forced her to join a convent. The Tsaritsa had borne Peter three children, although only one, Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, had survived past his childhood.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: He took Marta Helena Skowrońska, a Polish-Lithuanian peasant, as a mistress some time between 1702 and 1704. Marta converted to the Russian Orthodox Church and took the name Catherine. Though no record exists, Catherine and Peter are described as having married secretly between 23 Oct and 1 December 1707 in St. Petersburg. Peter valued Catherine and married her again (this time officially) at Saint Isaac's Cathedral in Saint Petersburg on 19 February 1712.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: In 1724, Peter had his second wife, Catherine, crowned as Empress, although he remained Russia's actual ruler. All of Peter's male children had died.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: By his two wives, he had fourteen children. These included three sons named "Pavel" and three sons named "Peter", all of whom died in infancy. Only three of his children survived to adulthood: Alexei, Anna Petrovna, and Elizabeth. He had only two grandchildren: Peter II and Peter III.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: While the cultural turn in historiography has downplayed diplomatic, economic and constitutional issues, new cultural roles have been found for Peter, for example in architecture and dress. James Cracraft argues:

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: The Petrine revolution in Russia—subsuming in this phrase the many military, naval, governmental, educational, architectural, linguistic, and other internal reforms enacted by Peter’s regime to promote Russia’s rise as a major European power—was essentially a cultural revolution, one that profoundly impacted both the basic constitution of the Russian Empire and, perforce, its subsequent development.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Peter the Great

Context: Peter has been featured in many histories, novels, plays, films, monuments and paintings. They include the poems "The Bronze Horseman", "Poltava" and the unfinished novel "The Moor of Peter the Great", all by Alexander Pushkin. The former dealt with The Bronze Horseman, an equestrian statue raised in Peter's honour. Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy wrote a biographical historical novel about him, named "Pëtr I", in the 1930s.

Question: Сколько лет правил Петра I?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: The 2008 Russo-Georgian War was a war between Georgia, on one side, and Russia and the Russian-backed self-proclaimed republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, on the other. The war took place in August following a period of worsening relations between Russia and Georgia, both formerly constituent republics of the Soviet Union. The fighting took place in the strategically important South Caucasus region. It is regarded as the first European war of the 21st century.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: In the 10th century AD, Georgia for the first time emerged as an ethnic concept in the territories where the Georgian language was used to perform Christian rituals. After the Mongol invasions of the region, the Kingdom of Georgia eventually was split into several states. In the 19th century, the Russian Empire gradually took over the Georgian lands. In the aftermath of the Russian revolution, Georgia declared independence on 26 May 1918.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: This situation was mirrored in Abkhazia, an autonomous republic in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, where the Abkhaz separated from Georgia during the war in the early 1990s. By 2003, The population of Abkhazia was reduced from 525,000 to 216,000 after an ethnic cleansing of Georgians, the single largest ethnic group in the region. The upper Kodori Gorge in northeast Abkhazia remained beyond the Abkhaz separatist government's sway.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: Russia saw the Black Sea coast and being adjacent to Turkey as invaluable strategic attributes of Georgia. Russia had more vested interests in Abkhazia than in South Ossetia, since the Russian military deployment on the Black Sea coast was seen as vital to Russian influence in the Black Sea. Before the early 2000s, South Ossetia was originally intended as a tool to retain a grip on Georgia.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: After Georgia deported four suspected Russian spies in 2006, Russia began a full-scale diplomatic and economic war against Georgia, followed by the persecution of ethnic Georgians living in Russia.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: By 2008, most residents of South Ossetia had obtained Russian passports. According to Reuters, Russia supplied two-thirds of South Ossetia's yearly budget before the war. South Ossetia's "de facto" government predominantly employed Russian citizens, who had occupied similar government posts in Russia, and Russian officers dominated South Ossetia's security organisations.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: The conflicts in Georgia remained at a stalemate until 2004, when Mikheil Saakashvili came to power after Georgia's Rose Revolution, which ousted president Eduard Shevardnadze. Restoring South Ossetia and Abkhazia to Georgian control was a first concern of Saakashvili.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: The Georgian government launched an initiative to curb smuggling from South Ossetia in 2004 after its success in restoring control in Adjara. Tensions were further escalated by South Ossetian authorities. Intense fighting took place between Georgian forces and the South Ossetians between 8 and 19 August.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: One of President Saakashvili's primary aims for Georgia was to become a member state of NATO, which has been one of the major stumbling blocks in Georgia-Russia relations.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: Although Georgia has no notable gas or oil reserves, its territory hosts part of the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline supplying oil to Turkey. Russia, Iran and the Persian Gulf countries opposed the construction of the pipeline. The pipeline circumvents both Russia and Iran. Because it has decreased Western dependence on Middle East's oil, the pipeline has been a major factor in the United States' backing for Georgia.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: In late April, the Russian government said that Georgia was assembling 1,500 troops and policemen in the upper Kodori Gorge area and was planning to "invade" Abkhazia, and that Russia would "retaliate" against Georgian offensive and had deployed more military in the separatist regions. Any boost in the Kodori Gorge or near the Abkhaz border by either party was not confirmed by the UNOMIG.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: At 8:00 am on 1 August, an improvised explosive device detonated on the road near Tskhinvali and hit a Georgian police lorry, wounding five Georgian police officers. In response, Georgian snipers fired on South Ossetian positions, killing four Ossetians and wounding seven. According to majority of reports, the South Ossetians were responsible for instigating the bomb explosion which marked the opening of hostilities.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: A ceasefire was unilaterally announced on 10 August by Georgian authorities. An aim to pull out Georgian troops from South Ossetia was stated by the Georgians. However, Russia did not embrace this truce offer. After the ceasefire agreement was negotiated by French president Nicolas Sarkozy on 12 August, 15:00 on 12 August was set as a deadline for the cessation of military action; however, Russian forces didn't stop pushing forward.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: Gori is an important city in the centre of Georgia, located about from Tskhinvali. On 9 August, a Russian air attack targeted military garrisons in Gori, damaging the garrison, several apartment buildings and a school. Russians did not admit that non-combatants were intentionally attacked. The Georgian government reported that the air raid had killed 60 civilians. No less than 5 Georgian cities had been bombed by 9 August.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: After Georgian troops had left Tskhinvali on 10 August, the Russians indiscriminately bombed the civilian areas in Gori on 11 August. The Georgian forces withdrew from Gori on 11 August. A Georgian official said that the troops were ordered to secure Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia. By late 11 August, the majority of inhabitants and Georgian troops had abandoned Gori. Georgian president Saakashvili stated that Russians had split Georgia into two by occupying an important intersection near Gori.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: Russian bombers attacked Gori on 12 August, killing seven people and wounding over thirty. Dutch TV journalist Stan Storimans was among those killed and another foreign reporter was injured. According to Georgian authorities, the Russians aimed at the city's administrative offices. The air raids set the post office and the Gori University on fire. The Gori Military Hospital carrying a Red Cross flag was struck by a rocket. The attack killed one doctor.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: The occupation lasted until 22 August, when Russian troops departed and Georgian police re-entered the city. Georgia's principal highway connecting east with west was now free for transit.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: Russian forces advanced into western Georgia from Abkhazia on 11 August. This marked the opening of another front. Russian troops captured the police buildings in Zugdidi in spite of earlier Russian official claims of not intending to expand assault to Georgia proper. Russian forces arrived in the town of Senaki that day and took a military base there.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: During the war, hackers attacked Georgian government and news websites and disabled host servers. Some Russian news websites were also attacked. Some experts noted this as the first time in history that a notable cyberattack and an actual military engagement happened at the same time.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: After the ceasefire was signed, hostilities did not immediately end. Noting that civilians were fleeing before advancing Russian armour, troops and mercenaries, a reporter for "The Guardian" wrote on 13 August that "the idea there is a ceasefire is ridiculous".

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: Russia continued to maintain a single station in the border village of Perevi. On 12 December 2008, Russian forces withdrew; eight hours later they re-entered the village and Georgian police withdrew after the Russians warned they would fire. Russian forces then set up three stations in the village. On 18 October 2010, all Russian forces in Perevi withdrew to South Ossetia and Georgian soldiers entered.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: On 25 August 2008, the Russian parliament passed a motion, with no one voting against. The motion called for the diplomatic recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia by President Medvedev. On 26 August, Medvedev issued orders recognising the two states, saying that recognising the independence of the two entities "represents the only possibility to save human lives."

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: The recognition by Russia was condemned by the United States, France, the secretary-general of the Council of Europe, the president of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the OSCE chairman, NATO and the G7 on the grounds that it violated Georgia's territorial integrity, United Nations Security Council resolutions and the ceasefire agreement. In response to Russia's action, the Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: Russia sought approval for its recognition from the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. However, because of anxiety about secessionist areas in SCO states, especially in China, the organisation did not endorse recognition.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: The war also affected Georgia's ongoing and future memberships in international organizations. On 12 August 2008 the country proclaimed that it would quit the Commonwealth of Independent States, which it held responsible for not avoiding the war. Its departure became effective in August 2009.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: The war hindered Georgia's prospects for joining NATO for the foreseeable future. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev stated in November 2011 that NATO would have accepted former Soviet republics if Russia had not attacked Georgia. "If you ... had faltered back in 2008, the geopolitical situation would be different now," Medvedev told the officers of a Vladikavkaz military base.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine brought the memories of the Russo-Georgian War again into a broader geopolitical focus. In an opinion piece published in "The New York Times" on 6 March 2022, the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Boris Johnson stated that Russia's actions in Georgia in 2008 was one of the lessons of the past that the West has failed to learn.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?


Russo-Georgian War

Context: Russia deliberately attacked fleeing civilians in South Ossetia and the Gori district of Georgia. Russian warplanes bombed civilian population centres in Georgia proper and villages of ethnic Georgians in South Ossetia. Armed militias engaged in plundering, burning and kidnappings. Attacks by militias compelled Georgian civilians to run away.

Question: Сколько авиатехники было потеряно грузинской стороной?