Usain Bolt

Context: On 21 August 2018, on his 32nd birthday, Bolt started training with Australian club Central Coast Mariners of the A-League. He made his friendly debut for the club as a substitute on 31 August 2018 against a Central Coast Select team, made up of players playing in the local area. On 12 October, he started in a friendly against amateur club Macarthur South West United and scored two goals, both in the second half, with his goal celebration featuring his signature "To Di World" pose.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt was offered a two-year contract from Maltese club Valletta, which he turned down on 18 October 2018. On 21 October 2018, Bolt was offered a contract by the Mariners. The Australian FA was helping the Mariners to fund it. Later that month, Perth Glory forward Andy Keogh was critical of Bolt's ability, stating his first touch is "like a trampoline." He added Bolt has "shown a bit of potential but it's a little bit of a kick in the teeth to the professionals that are in the league."

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt left the Mariners in early November 2018 after 8 weeks with the club. In January 2019, Bolt decided not to pursue a career in football, saying his "sports life is over."

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: A documentary film based on the athletic life of Bolt to win three Olympic gold medals, titled "I Am Bolt", was released on 28 November 2016 in United Kingdom. The film was directed by Benjamin Turner and Gabe Turner.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: On 24 August 2020, Bolt tested positive for COVID-19 and subsequently went into self-isolation in his home. He said that he was asymptomatic. Bolt had himself tested on 22 August, the day after celebrating his 34th birthday with a party where guests did not wear face masks. Coincidentally, the guests at the party danced in an open field to Jamaican reggae singer Koffee's song "Lockdown".

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In September 2010, Bolt travelled to Australia where his sponsor Gatorade was holding an event called the "Gatorade Bolt" to find Australia's fastest footballer. The event was held at the Sydney International Athletic Centre and featured football players from rugby league, rugby union, Australian rules football, and association football. Prior to the race Bolt gave the runners some private coaching and also participated in the 10th anniversary celebrations for the 2000 Summer Olympic Games.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In January 2012, Bolt impersonated Richard Branson in an advertising campaign for Virgin Media. The campaign was directed by Seth Gordon and features the Virgin founder Branson to promote its broadband service. In March 2012, Bolt starred in an advert for Visa and the 2012 Summer Olympics. In July 2012, Bolt and RockLive launched "Bolt!", an Apple iOS game based on his exploits. "Bolt!" quickly became the No. 1 app in Jamaica and climbed the UK iTunes charts to reach No. 2 on the list of Top Free Apps.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In 2012, Bolt collaborated with headphone maker Soul Electronics to design his own line of headphones. Bolt designed both an in-ear bud and over-ear model with the Jamaican color scheme and his signature "To Di World" pose.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt's autobiography, "My Story: 9.58: Being the World's Fastest Man", was released in 2010. Bolt had previously said that the book "...should be exciting, it's my life, and I'm a cool and exciting guy." His athletics agent is PACE Sports Management.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt is the highest paid athlete in the history of the sport. In 2016, Bolt earned about $33 million in one year putting him at No. 32 on Forbes list of "The World's Highest-paid Athletes" making him the only track and field athlete on the list.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In May 2019, the company expanded its services to Europe, introducing the product first in Paris.<br>

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In July 2019, Bolt made his debut as a dancehall music producer with the release of the "Olympe Rosé" riddim that featured 5 tracks from Jamaican dancehall artistes: Dexta Daps "Big Moves", Munga Honorable "Weekend", Christopher Martin "Dweet", Ding Dong "Top A Di Top" and football player turned artist Ricardo "Bibi" Gardner "Mount A Gyal".

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In November 2019, he followed up with another compilation called "Immortal Riddim" that included tracks from Vybz Kartel, Masicka, Munga Honorable and Christopher Martin.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In early January 2021, Bolt released a single titled "Living the Dream" with his childhood friend and manager Nugent 'NJ' Walker.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt made a cameo appearance in the opening sketch of 13 October 2012 broadcast of "Saturday Night Live", hosted by Christina Applegate. The segment was a parody of the Vice Presidential debate between Joe Biden and Paul Ryan. In the sketch, Taran Killam mimicking Ryan had just lied about running a 2:50 marathon, a sub-4-minute mile on no training and winning the 100 metres in London when Bolt was introduced as his partner to confirm.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: When Ryan asked Bolt "Who won the 100 metres?" the Jamaican gold-medallist answered simply. "I did." Ryan followed up by asking Bolt about his (Ryan's) finish. "You didn't finish. You weren't even there."

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In November 2016, Bolt competed against James Corden in a rap battle on the "Drop the Mic" segment of "The Late Late Show with James Corden", which he won.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In late October 2020, Bolt starred in the pilot episode of the cartoon "SCRAM!" produced by KidSuper and Puma as a taxi driver.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt has been on three world-record-setting Jamaican relay teams. The first record, 37.10 seconds, was set in winning gold at the 2008 Summer Olympics, although the result was voided in 2017 when the team was disqualified. The second record came at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, a time of 37.04 seconds. The third world record was set at the 2012 Summer Olympics, a time of 36.84 seconds.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt also holds the 200 metres world teenage best results for the age categories 15 (20.58 s), 16 (20.13 s, former world youth record), 17 (19.93 s) and 18 (19.93 s, world junior record). He also holds the 150 metres world best set in 2009, during which he ran the last 100 metres in 8.70 seconds, the quickest timed 100 metres ever.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt completed a total of 53 wind-legal sub-10-second performances in the 100 m during his career, with his first coming on 3 May 2008 and his last on 5 August 2017 at the World Championships. His longest undefeated streak in the 200 m was in 17 finals, lasting from 12 June 2008 to 3 September 2011. He also had a win-streak covering 14 100 m finals from 16 August 2008 to 16 July 2010.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt claimed 19 Guinness World Records, and, after Michael Phelps, holds the second highest number of accumulative Guinness World Records for total number of accomplishments and victories in sports.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: From his record time of 9.58 s for the 100 m sprint, Usain Bolt's average ground speed equates to . However, once his reaction time of 0.148 s is subtracted, his time is 9.44 s, making his average speed . Bolt's top speed, based on his split time of 1.61 s for the 20 metres from the 60- to 80-metre marks (made during the 9.58 WR at 100m), is 12.42 m/s ().

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


List of best-selling video games

Context: Games reported on by player count instead of official sales figures, such as registered accounts, subscriptions, or free-to-play ownership, are included on the list of most-played video games by player count instead. For the best-selling video game franchises, see the list of best-selling video game franchises. Games reported on by gross revenue are included on the list of highest-grossing arcade games and list of highest-grossing mobile games.

Question: Какая компьютерная игра была самой продаваемой в России в 2018 году?


Galician-Portuguese

Context: 1 eventually shifted to in central and southern Portugal (and thus in Brazil) and merged with in northern Portugal and Galicia.

Question: На каком языке говорили в Галиции?


Galician-Portuguese

Context: 3 The written tilde ("ã" "ẽ" "ĩ" "õ" "ũ" "ỹ" in the medieval sources) can be analyzed as a nasal consonant phoneme (usually , sometimes depending on position) following the marked vowel, with any nasalization of the vowel being a phonetic secondary effect.

Question: На каком языке говорили в Галиции?


Galician-Portuguese

Context: and were apico-alveolar, and and were lamino-alveolar. Later, all the affricate sibilants became fricatives, with the apico-alveolar and lamino-alveolar sibilants remaining distinct for a time but eventually merging in most dialects. See History of Portuguese for more information.

Question: На каком языке говорили в Галиции?


Galician-Portuguese

Context: On the biography and chronology of the poets and the courts they frequented, the relation of these matters to the internal structure of the manuscript tradition, and myriad relevant questions in the field, please see:

Question: На каком языке говорили в Галиции?


Galician-Portuguese

Context: On the early documents cited from the late 12th century, please see Ivo Castro, "Introdução à História do Português. Geografia da Língua. Português Antigo". (Lisbon: Colibri, 2004), pp. 121–125 (with references).

Question: На каком языке говорили в Галиции?


Æthelstan

Context: Edward married his second wife, Ælfflæd, at about the time of his father's death, probably because Ecgwynn had died, although she may have been put aside. The new marriage weakened Æthelstan's position, as his step-mother naturally favoured the interests of her own sons, Ælfweard and Edwin. By 920 Edward had taken a third wife, Eadgifu, probably after putting Ælfflæd aside. Eadgifu also had two sons, the future kings Edmund and Eadred. Edward had several daughters, perhaps as many as nine.

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: The coronation of Æthelstan took place on 4 September 925 at Kingston upon Thames, perhaps due to its symbolic location on the border between Wessex and Mercia. He was crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Athelm, who probably designed or organised a new "ordo" (religious order of service) in which the king wore a crown for the first time instead of a helmet. The new "ordo" was influenced by West Frankish liturgy and in turn became one of the sources of the medieval French "ordo".

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: The two sides met at the Battle of Brunanburh, resulting in an overwhelming victory for Æthelstan, supported by his young half-brother, the future King Edmund. Olaf escaped back to Dublin with the remnant of his forces, while Constantine lost a son. The English also suffered heavy losses, including two of Æthelstan's cousins, sons of Edward the Elder's younger brother, Æthelweard.

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: A great, lamentable and horrible battle was cruelly fought between the Saxons and the Northmen, in which several thousands of Northmen, who are uncounted, fell, but their king Amlaib [Olaf], escaped with a few followers. A large number of Saxons fell on the other side, but Æthelstan, king of the Saxons, enjoyed a great victory.

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: Beneath the ealdormen, reeves—royal officials who were noble local landowners—were in charge of a town or royal estate. The authority of church and state was not separated in early medieval societies, and the lay officials worked closely with their diocesan bishop and local abbots, who also attended the king's royal councils.

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: The two earliest codes were concerned with clerical matters, and Æthelstan stated that he acted on the advice of Wulfhelm and his bishops. The first asserts the importance of paying tithes to the church. The second enforces the duty of charity on Æthelstan's reeves, specifying the amount to be given to the poor and requiring reeves to free one penal slave annually. His religious outlook is shown in a wider sacralization of the law in his reign.

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: In the early 930s a new coinage was issued, the "crowned bust" type, with the king shown for the first time wearing a crown with three stalks. This was eventually issued in all regions apart from Mercia, which issued coins without a ruler portrait, suggesting, in Sarah Foot's view, that any Mercian affection for a West Saxon king brought up among them quickly declined.

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: Church and state maintained close relations in the Anglo-Saxon period, both socially and politically. Churchmen attended royal feasts as well as meetings of the Royal Council. During Æthelstan's reign these relations became even closer, especially as the archbishopric of Canterbury had come under West Saxon jurisdiction since Edward the Elder annexed Mercia, and Æthelstan's conquests brought the northern church under the control of a southern king for the first time.

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: Few prose narrative sources survive from Æthelstan's reign, but it produced an abundance of poetry, much of it Norse-influenced praise of the King in grandiose terms, such as the Brunanburh poem. Sarah Foot even makes a case that "Beowulf" may have been composed in Æthelstan's circle.

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: Æthelstan's court was perhaps the most cosmopolitan of the Anglo-Saxon period. The close contacts between the English and European courts ended soon after his death, but descent from the English royal house long remained a source of prestige for continental ruling families. According to Frank Stenton in his history of the period, "Anglo-Saxon England", "Between Offa and Cnut there is no English king who played so prominent or so sustained a part in the general affairs of Europe."

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: The tendency of some modern historians to celebrate Æthelstan as "the first king of England" is, however, problematic, since there is little sign that in his day the title "rex Anglorum" was closely or consistently tied to an area similar to that which we consider England. When Æthelstan's rule was associated with any definite geographical expanse, the territory in question was usually the whole island of Britain.

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Æthelstan

Context: Williams comments: "If Æthelstan has not had the reputation which accrued to his grandfather, the fault lies in the surviving sources; Æthelstan had no biographer, and the "Chronicle" for his reign is scanty. In his own day he was 'the roof-tree of the honour of the western world'."

Question: Когда правил король Ательстан?


Women in the military by country

Context: The presence of female soldiers in the Algerian army was of crucial importance during the Algerian revolution against colonial France; some of the most prominent figures and symbols of the National Liberation Front were female combatants.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Female soldiers in Eritrea played a large role in both the Eritrean civil war and the border dispute with Ethiopia, because they make up more than 30% of the Eritrean military. They also serve in direct combat operations.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Libya has female soldiers serving in the armed forces. Female conscription is also followed. A 200-strong unit was Muammar al-Gaddafi's personal bodyguard and is called variously the "Green Nuns" and the "Amazonian Guard", or more commonly in Libya, "The Revolutionary Nuns" ().

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The Gambia Armed Forces have no gender conscription and women are free to volunteer for the armed forces. In 2011 the first female army general was decorated in the Gambia.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Australia was the fourth country to permit female crew on submarines, doing so in June 1998 on board Collins class submarines. Australia's first deployment of female sailors in a combat zone was aboard HMAS "Westralia" in the Persian Gulf during the 1991 Gulf War.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: On 27 September 2011, Defence Minister Stephen Smith announced that women will be allowed to serve in frontline combat roles by 2016.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 1992, allegations of sexual harassment on board HMAS "Swan" were investigated, and in 1998 similar allegations arose in the Australian Defence Force Academy.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Bangladesh Army started recruiting female officers in non-medical roles in 2001. Female soldiers were inducted for the first time in 2013.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The Iraqi constitution stipulates that a quarter of the government should be made up of women. Iraq has long been a leader in women's rights.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In the 1950s it became the first Arab country to have a female minister and a law that gave women the ability to seek divorce. In 1980, women gained the right to vote and run for public office. Under Saddam Hussein, women in government received one year of maternity leave.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: On May 26, 2011, IDF Chief of Staff Benny Gantz announced Brigadier General Orna Barbivay's appointment as the next Head of the IDF Personnel Directorate. Barbivay was promoted to major general, thus becoming the most senior female officer in the history of the IDF.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The first female in the JSDF to achieve star ranks (admiral and general) is Hikaru Saeki, who became JMSDF Rear Admiral on 27 March 2001. She was followed by Michiko Kajita and Keiko Kashihara, who were promoted to JASDF Major Generals in 2007 and 2011 respectively.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: JASDF First Lieutenant Misa Matsushima became the first woman to qualify as a fighter pilot in August 2018. At that time, the total number of military women in Japan was 13.707, only a little less than 6% of the total force.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Policy and practice for women's participation in the Nepali Army is based on the national policy of gender equality and women empowerment. The Nepali Army has opened recruitment process for women since 1961.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Even though the concept of women soldiers is not new in the Nepali Army, it has never before reached the proportions of today. Women's participation in technical service in the Nepali Army also expanded continually as follows: Nurses (1961), Para folders (1965), Medical doctors (1969), Legal (1998), Engineering (2004) and Aviation (2011).

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Among the officers of the Nepali Army, female officers in the general service is 173 while the technical officers counts to 203. Junior Commission, Non- Commission Female Officers and other ranks include 3217 in general service and 937 in technical service. Existing highest rank for women officers have been T/Brigadier General (3) in the technical service and Major (61) in the general service.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: There are no restrictions on roles for women in the New Zealand Defence Force. They are able to serve in the Special Air Service infantry, armour and artillery. (So far no woman has yet made it into the Special Air Service.) This came into effect in 2001 by subordinate legislation, with a report in 2005 finding that the move helped drive a societal shift that "values women as well as men" but that integration of women into combat roles "needed a deliberate and concerted effort".

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The Pakistan Navy is currently the only uniform service branch where women are restricted to serve in the combat missions especially in the submarine force command, rather they are appointed and served in the operation involving the military logistics, operational planning, staff development and the senior administrative offices, particularly in the regional and central headquarters.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: From 1993 onward, women served only in Women's Army Auxiliary Corps of Philippine military. In 1993, women were granted the right to serve as combat soldiers with the passage of Republic Act No. 7192 and the first batch started the training in the Philippine Military Academy in April that year.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The Sri Lanka Civil Defence Force, formerly the Sri Lanka Home Guard, has been open to women recruits since 1988. In 1993, these guardswomen were issued firearms and deployed to protect their home towns and villages against attacks by LTTE. As a result, there have been many casualties (including fatalities) from attacks.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Thailand has recently begun recruiting and training women to conduct counter-insurgency operations (c. 2007). A ranger commander said that when women are protesting, "It is better for women to do the talking. Male soldiers look tough and aggressive. When women go and talk, people tend to be more relaxed".

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 2014, women were had the choice to be conscripted provided they have their parents’ consent. Military service is for 9 months and is optional for women aged 18 to 30 and is mandatory for men aged between 18 and 30 and is for 1 year.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The number of women in the Bulgarian military has increased from 12% in 2010 to 20% in 2019. Most women apply to join special forces units. The law on Voluntary Military Service, for both sexes, was passed in 2020; the law allows every fit Bulgarian citizen under 40 to join the voluntary reserve military service for a 6-month period.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Women were employed in the Danish armed forces as early as 1934 with the Ground Observer Corps, Danish Women's Army Corps and Naval Corps in 1946 and the Women's Air Force since 1953. In 1962, the Danish parliament passed laws allowing women to volunteer in the regular Danish armed forces as long as they did not serve in units experiencing direct combat. 1971 saw the enlistment of women as non-commissioned officers, with military academies allowing women in 1974.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The Finnish Defense Forces does not conscript women. However, since 1995, women between 18 and 30 years of age have the possibility of voluntarily undertaking military service in the Defence Forces or in the Border Guard. Women generally serve under the same conditions as men.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The history of women in the Finnish military is, however, far longer than just since 1995. During the Finnish Civil War, the Reds had several "Naiskaarti" (Women's Guard) units made of voluntary 16- to 35-year-old women, who were given rudimentary military training. The reactions on women in military were ambivalent during the Civil War.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The non-combat duties in Finnish Defence Forces peace-keeping operations opened to women in 1991. Since 1995 the women are allowed to serve in all combat arms including front-line infantry and special forces both in Finland and in operations outside Finland.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Today women can serve in every position in the French military, including submarines and combat infantry. make up around 15% of all service personnel in the combined branches of the French military. They are 11% of the Army forces, 16% for the Navy, 28% of the Air Force and 58% of the Medical Corps.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In the year 1975 the first female medical officers were appointed in the "Sanitätsdienst" of the Bundeswehr. Since 1994, two women, Verena von Weymarn and Erika Franke, attained the rank of "Generalarzt". But it was not until January 2001 that women first joined German combat units, following a court ruling by the European Court of Justice.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: There are no restrictions regarding the branch of service, and there are woman serving in the "Fallschirmjäger" and as Tornado fighter pilot.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In the Irish 1916 Rising, Cumann na mBan, the women's wing of the Irish Volunteers, fought alongside them in the streets of Dublin and in the General Post Office, the Irish Volunteers' HQ. Constance Markievicz, an Irish Revolutionary and suffragette, commanded male and female troops during the Rising.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Voluntary female military service was introduced in 1999 with the Italian law: Legge 20 ottobre 1999 n. 380, which introduced the possibility of being admitted to the army for women. Italy was the last country among NATO members to allow women to join the army.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Nowadays, women are present in all branches of Italian armed forces, including the police, Carabinieri and Guardia di Finanza. They are also employed for military missions abroad. Before the year 2000, women were employed in war only as voluntary nurses inside organizations Croce Rossa Italiana and "Corpo delle infermiere volontarie dell'ACISMOM". 235º Reggimento fanteria "Piceno", which is the training center for women inside the Italian army.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Women in Norway have been able to fill military roles since 1938, and during World War II, both enlisted women and female officers served in all branches of the military. However, in 1947 political changes commanded that women only serve in civilian posts, with reservists allowing women to join them in 1959. Female personnel currently make up around 12% of the armed forces (2017).

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Between 1977 and 1984, the Norwegian Parliament passed laws expanding the role of women in the Norwegian Armed Forces. In 1985 equal opportunities legislation was applied to the military.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 1995, Norway allowed women to serve in its military submarines. To this date, there has been at least one female commander of a Norwegian submarine. The first was Solveig Krey in 1995.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 2015, conscription was extended to women making Norway the first NATO member and first European country to make national service compulsory for both men and women.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Women have taken part in the battles for independence against occupiers and invaders since at least the time of the Napoleonic Wars. During the occupation by the Nazis, 1939–1945, several thousand women took part in the resistance movement as members of the Home Army and the People's Army. The Germans were forced to establish special prisoner-of-war camps after the Warsaw Rising in 1944 to accommodate over a thousand women prisoners.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In April 1938 the law requiring compulsory military service for men included provisions for voluntary service of women in auxiliary roles, in the medical services, in the anti-aircraft artillery and in communications. In 1939 a Women's Military Training Organization was established under the command of Maria Wittek.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In present Poland a law passed April 6, 2004 requires all women with college nursing or veterinary degrees to register for compulsory service. In addition it allows women to volunteer and serve as professional personnel in all services of the army. As of January 2020, there are 7465 female soldiers in active service. Two active duty Polish women have achieved the rank of Colonel. Maria Wittek was the 1st Polish woman to reach the rank of General.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: During the First World War, heavy defeats led to the loss of millions of Russian Imperial soldiers. To psychologically energize morale Alexander Kerensky (leader of the Russian Provisional Government) ordered the creation of the Woman's Death Battalion in May 1917. After three months of fighting, the size of this all-female unit fell from 2,000 to 250. In November 1917, the Bolsheviks dissolved the unit.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The current tally of women in the Russian Army stands at around 115,000 to 160,000, representing 10% of Russia's military strength.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 1924, the Swedish Women's Voluntary Defence Organization ("Lottorna") was founded: it is an auxiliary defense organization of the Home Guard, a part of the Swedish Armed Forces.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Since 1989 there are no gender restrictions in the Swedish military on access to military training or positions. They are allowed to serve in all parts of the military and in all positions, including combat.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 2010, Sweden abolished male-only conscription and replaced it with a gender-neutral system. Simultaneously, the conscription system was however deactivated, only to be reactivated in 2017. Hence, beginning in 2018 both women and men are obliged to do military service.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 2018, female personnel made up 15% of the soldiers in training and less than 7% of the professional military officers.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Contractual military service counts for almost 44% of women. However, this is closely linked to the low salary of such positions: men refuse to serve in these conditions when women accept them. In total about 25 percent of Ukraine's 200,000 military personnel are women.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Servicewomen live in woman-only apartments near the military bases. A female officer can take three years’ maternity leave without losing her position.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Women were first employed by the Royal Navy in 1696 when a handful were employed as nurses and laundresses on hospital ships. They received pay equal to an able seaman. The practice was always controversial and over the next two centuries, first the nurses and then the laundresses were removed from service. By the start of the 19th century both roles had been eliminated.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 1938, the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) was created, with 20,000 women serving in non-combat roles during World War II, including as military police. They also performed a combat role on British soil, as anti-aircraft gunners against the Luftwaffe.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 1949, women were officially recognized as a permanent part of the British Armed Forces, although full combat roles were still restricted to men. In this year, the Women's Royal Army Corps was created to replace the ATS, and in 1950 the ranks were normalised with the ranks of men serving in the British Army. From 1949 to 1992, thousands of women served in the WRAC and sister institutions.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Women first became eligible to pilot Royal Air Force combat aircraft in 1989. The following year, they were permitted to serve on Royal Navy warships. Since 1990, women have successfully served as Royal Navy clearance divers. The 1991 Gulf War marked the first deployment of British women in combat operations since 1945. As of 2010, female personnel made up around 9% of the British armed forces.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The seizure of Royal Navy sailor Faye Turney in 2007 by the naval forces of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard led to some media comment on the role of women and mothers in the armed forces.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 1965 the Canadian government decided to allow a maximum of 1,500 women to serve directly in all three branches of its armed forces, and the former "women's services" were disbanded. In 1970 the government created a set of rules for the armed forces designed to encourage equal opportunities. In 1974 the first woman, Major Wendy Clay, earned her pilot's wings in the newly integrated Canadian Forces.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Between 1979 and 1985 the role of women expanded further, with military colleges allowing women to enroll. In 1982 laws were passed ending all discrimination in employment, and combat related roles in the Canadian armed forces were opened for women, with the exception of the submarine service. In 1986 further laws were created to the same effect. The following years saw Canada's first female infantry soldier, and a female Brigadier-General.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 1989, a tribunal appointed under the Canadian Human Rights Act ordered full integration of women in the Canadian Armed Forces "with all due speed", at least within the next ten

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Women were permitted to serve on board Canadian submarines in 2002 with the acquisition of the "Victoria"-class submarine. Master Seaman Colleen Beattie became the first female submariner in 2003.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Canadian women have also commanded large infantry units and Canadian warships. Commander Josée Kurtz is the first woman appointed to command a major warship – .

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: On May 17, 2006 Captain Nichola Goddard became the first Canadian woman killed in combat during operations in Afghanistan.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The number of women soldiers in the American Civil War is estimated at between 400 and 750, although an accurate count is impossible because the women again had to disguise themselves as men.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The United States established the Army Nurse Corps as a permanent part of the Army in 1901; the Corps was all-female until 1955.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Virginia Hall, serving with the Office of Strategic Services, received the second-highest US combat award, the Distinguished Service Cross, for action behind enemy lines in France. Hall, who had one artificial leg, landed clandestinely in occupied territory aboard a British Motor Torpedo Boat.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Law 625, The Women's Armed Services Act of 1948, was signed by President Truman, allowing women to serve in the armed forces in fully integrated units during peacetime, with only the WAC remaining a separate female unit. The WAC as a branch was disbanded in 1978. Women serving as WACs at that time converted in branch to whichever Military Occupational Specialty they worked in.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Records regarding American women serving in the Vietnam War are vague. However, it is recorded that 600 women served in the country as part of the Air Force, along with 500 members of the WAC, and over 6,000 medical personnel and support staff.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: "Frontiero v. Richardson", , was a landmark United States Supreme Court case which decided that benefits given by the United States military to the family of service members cannot be given out differently because of sex.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 1974, the first six women aviators earned their wings as Navy pilots. The Congressionally mandated prohibition on women in combat places limitations on the pilots' advancement, but at least two retired as captains.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 1976 the United States Air Force Academy, United States Coast Guard Academy, United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy became coeducational. The United States Air Force then eliminated the Women in the Air Force program; with women more fully integrated with men in the service it was considered unnecessary.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: On December 20, 1989, Captain Linda L. Bray, 29, became the first woman to command American soldiers in battle, during the invasion of Panama. She was assigned to lead a force of 30 men and women military police officers to capture a kennel holding guard dogs that was defended by elements of the Panamanian Defense Forces.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The 1991 Persian Gulf War proved to be the pivotal time for the role of women in the United States Armed Forces to come to the attention of the world media. Over 40,000 women served in almost every role the armed forces had to offer. However, while many came under fire, they were not permitted to participate in deliberate ground engagements. Despite this, there are many reports of women engaging enemy forces during the conflict.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The 1996 case "United States v. Virginia", in which the Supreme Court ordered that the Virginia Military Institute allow women to register as cadets, gave women soldiers a weapon against laws which (quoting Judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg) “[deny] to women, simply because they are women, full citizenship stature—equal opportunity to aspire, achieve, participate in and contribute to society”.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 2008, Ann Dunwoody became a four-star general in the Army, making her the first woman in U.S. military and uniformed service history to achieve a four-star officer rank.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 2011, Major General Margaret H. Woodward commanded Operation Odyssey Dawn's air component in Libya, making her the first woman to command a U.S. combat air campaign.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Michelle J. Howard began her assignment as the U.S. Navy's first female (and first African-American female) four-star admiral on July 1, 2014.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In December 2015, Defense Secretary Ash Carter stated that starting in 2016 all combat jobs would open to women. In March 2016, Ash Carter approved final plans from military service branches and the U.S. Special Operations Command to open all combat jobs to women, and authorized the military to begin integrating female combat soldiers "right away."

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 2017, the first woman graduated from the infantry officer course of the Marine Corps; her name was not made public.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: In 2019 the United States Space Force was established as the sixth armed service branch of the United States, and Nina M. Armagno became the first female general in the United States Space Force in 2020.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Women in the U. S. military currently serve in the Afghanistan War that began in 2001, and the American-led intervention in Iraq that began in 2014. During the Afghanistan War, American soldier Monica Lin Brown, was presented the Silver Star for shielding wounded soldiers with her body, and then treating life-threatening injuries.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: During Independence wars, Bolivian Juana Azurduy was the first woman to receive rank, uniforme and wage and to fully participate in combate around 1816.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The Argentine Army first authorized women in their ranks in 1997, the Air Force in 2001 and the Argentine Navy in 2002. Since then, they were deployed in peacekeeping missions to Cyprus and Haiti.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The Bolivian Air Force's first female military pilot completed her solo-flight in August 2015. On 9 March 2015 Gina Reque Teran became the first female army general in Bolivia and the first female general in South America to command combat troops.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: The first participation of a woman in combat occurred in 1823. Maria Quitéria de Jesus fought for the maintenance of the independence of Brazil, and is considered the first woman to enlist in a military unit.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: They were sent 73 nurses, 67 of them registered nurses and six air transport specialists. They served in four different hospitals in the US Army, all volunteered for the mission and were the first women to join the active service of the Brazilian armed forces.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: After the war, as well as the rest of the FEB, the nurses, most have been awarded, they won the official patent and licensed the active military service.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Women in the military by country

Context: Joanna Herrera Cortez became the first female Colombian fighter pilot in 2004. She also became a lieutenant and put in charge of 99 men.

Question: Служат женщины на подводных лодках в России?


Alexander Palace

Context: Alexander Palace (, "Alexandrovskiy dvorets") is a former imperial residence near the town of Tsarskoye Selo in Russia, on a plateau about south of Saint Petersburg. The Palace was commissioned by Empress/Tsarina Catherine II (Catherine the Great) in 1792.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: The Neoclassical edifice was planned by Giacomo Quarenghi and built between 1792 and 1796. It was agreed that the architect had excelled himself in creating a masterpiece. In 1821, a quarter of a century later, the architect's son wrote:

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: Alexander used the palace as a summer residence through the remainder of his grandmother's and his father, Paul's, reign. When he became emperor, however, he chose to reside in the much larger Catherine Palace nearby.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: Alexander III and his Danish-born wife Maria Feodorovna had their apartments in the right-hand or western wing of the palace near the gardens. Before their accession to the imperial throne, Maria gave birth to their eldest child, the future Nicholas II, at Alexander Palace. In his diary, the then Tsarevich Alexander recorded the momentous event of the birth of his first child,

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: The entire imperial family was present at the birth of Alexander and Maria's first child. In a letter to her mother, Queen Louise, the Tsarevna wrote,

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: After Alexander III's death, Maria Feodorovna would stay at the palace in their rooms while visiting her son (Tsar Nicholas II) and daughter-in-law (Alexandra Feodorovna). As the estrangement with Alexandra Feodorovna became more apparent, the visits of the Dowager Empress became fewer.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: During the reign of Nicholas II, the palace was wired for electricity and equipped with a telephone system. In 1899, a hydraulic lift was installed connecting the Empress' suite with the children's rooms on the second floor. Furthermore, with the advent of motion pictures, a screening booth was built in the Semicircular Hall to show films.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: Due to an increasingly precarious situation in St. Petersburg, the leader of the provisional government, Alexander Kerensky, made the decision to move the Romanov family out of the palace into internal exile in Tobolsk in faraway Siberia. There had been calls for the prisoners to be housed in the prison at the notorious Fortress of St. Peter and St. Paul in St. Petersburg. To avoid this on the morning of 1 August 1917, a train took the family away. They were never to return.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: Not long after the departure of the Romanovs for Siberia, a museum was established within Alexander Palace. It operated until the beginning of the Second World War. At the beginning of the war, the most valuable furnishings were evacuated to the interior of the country. The remaining parts of the collection were hidden in the basement.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: During the Nazi German occupation, the palace was used as headquarters for the German military command. The area in front of the palace was turned into a cemetery for SS soldiers. Artistically and historically unique collections were partially destroyed. As the German forces were leaving the Soviet Union, many of the former imperial palaces were set ablaze. Alexander Palace was spared.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: When it appeared that the Soviet Navy intended to vacate the complex, Alexander Palace was included in the 1996 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund (WMF). With funding from American Express in the same year, WMF helped with emergency renovations to the roof over the Nicholas II left wing of the palace, comprising approximately one-third of the building's total roof structure.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: In 2010 the three largest public rooms in the middle wing were reopened, following partial restoration: the Semi-Circular Hall, the Portrait Hall and the Marble Drawing Room. However, despite the best efforts of curators, limited restoration funds, dispersed collections, and the absence of the palms and flowers – from now-vanished imperial hothouses – that had once lushly decorated several of the rooms, meant that the presentations were somewhat sparse and of varying quality.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: In 2014 the Russian government finally allocated significant funds to enable a more complete and authentic restoration of the quarters of the imperial family. This will include the Art Nouveau Maple Room and the celebrated Mauve Room of Alexandra. In September 2015 the palace closed to the public for this major multi-year project.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Alexander Palace

Context: Plans are currently underway for the renovation of the west wing; largely guest apartments at the time of Nicholas II. These are expected to be finished no earlier than 2024.

Question: Чей дворец находится в Красном Селе?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: In Europe, sales of the S 400 Hybrid, S 350 BlueTEC, S 350 BlueTEC Hybrid, and S 500 began in September 2013. US sales of the S 550 also began in September; the 4Matic four-wheel drive model went on sale in November, 2013. Additional models, including V12 models and those from AMG were released in 2014.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The newest S-Class debuted on 15 May 2013 in Hamburg, Germany and entered production in Sindelfingen, Germany in June 2013.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The production of W222 ended in September 2020 with the introduction of its successor, S-Class (W223), which made its world premiere on 2 September 2020 at the brand-new Factory 56 in Sindelfingen.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The vehicle was unveiled at Airbus in Hamburg-Finkenwerder. followed by Shanghai's Mercedes-Benz Arena, and the 2013 Osaka Motor Show (S 400 HYBRID). The new S-Class has been available to order since the middle of May 2013 with official arrival at Mercedes-Benz dealers on 20 July 2013. Early models included S 400 Hybrid, S 500, S 350 BlueTEC, followed by S 300 BlueTEC Hybrid in early 2014.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: US models went on sale as 2014 model year vehicles; the lineup initially included only the long-wheelbase "S 550" (S 500 in Europe) in September 2013, and long-wheelbase S 550 4Matic which arrived in November 2013. Auto Bild measured the LWB as the quietest among cars like Rolls-Royce Ghost and Bentley Flying Spur in 2014. Additional models, including V12 models and those from AMG arrived in early 2014.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: Europe models went on sale at the end of July 2013, followed by China at the end of September 2013, the USA in October 2013.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: Japan models went on sale and delivery began in November 2013. Early models include the S 400 Hybrid (right-hand-drive), S 400 Hybrid Exclusive (right steering), S 550 long (left/right steering), S 63 AMG long (right steering), S 63 AMG 4Matic long (left-hand-drive). The S 300 BlueTEC HYBRID, S 350 BlueTEC 4MATIC, S 600, and S 65 AMG Saloon arrived at dealer showrooms in March 2014.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: There is also the "S 500 Intelligent Drive", which is a self-driving version of the S 500 sedan, using sensors that are also available in the production version of the S-Class. The car uses the sensors to capture the massive amounts of data in traffic. The vehicle was unveiled in the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: AMG Performance Studio options include AMG Exterior Carbon-Fibre package, AMG ceramic high-performance composite brake system, AMG carbon-fibre engine cover, AMG performance steering wheel in black Nappa leather / DINAMICA, AMG trim in carbon fibre/black piano lacquer, red brake callipers.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: Other options include Air-Balance package, Burmester surround sound system, Burmester high-end 3D surround sound system, Business Telephony in the rear, Chauffeur package, designo appointments packages, Executive seat, Exclusive package, First-Class rear suite, Folding tables in the rear, LED Intelligent Light System, Seat Comfort package including ENERGIZING massage function, Warmth Comfort package.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The vehicles were unveiled in the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show and were set to go on sale in September 2013.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: US model of S 63 AMG 4Matic included increased top speed of , and was set to go on sale in November 2013.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: AMG Performance Studio options include AMG Exterior Carbon-Fibre package, AMG ceramic high-performance composite braking system, AMG performance steering wheel in Nappa leather/DINAMICA (black), AMG trim in carbon-fibre/black piano lacquer, red brake callipers.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: Other options include 360° camera, Business Telephony in the rear, designo appointments packages, executive seat, First-Class rear suite, Individual Entertainment System in the rear, folding tables in the rear, Warmth Comfort package.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The vehicle was unveiled in the 2013 Los Angeles International Auto Show and the 2013 Tokyo Motor Show, followed by the 2013 Osaka Motor Show.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The S 500 e is a plug-in hybrid version of the long wheelbase S-Class sedan with a 3.0-litre V6 twin turbo engine rated and , electric motor rated and , externally rechargeable battery, 4 hybrid operating modes (HYBRID, E‑MODE, E-SAVE and CHARGE), second generation recuperative braking system, haptic accelerator pedal, pre-entry climate control of the interior, Intelligent HYBRID with (dis)charging management based on COMAND Online navigation data, and 8.7kWh battery pack.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The all electric range is about under the New European Driving Cycle. Under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests, the S 500 e has an all-electric range of , with some gasoline consumption (0.1 gal/100 mi), so the actual all-electric range is rated between .

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The EPA, under its five-cycle tests, rated the 2015 model year S 500 e energy consumption in all-electric mode at 59 kWh per 100 miles, which translates into a combined city/highway fuel economy of 58 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPG-e) (4.1 L/100 km; 70 mpg−imp gasoline equivalent). When powered only by the gasoline engine, EPA's official combined city/highway fuel economy is .

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The production vehicle was unveiled in Toronto in 2013, followed by the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. Deliveries began in September 2014 in Europe, starting at a price of (~). The U.S. launch is slated for early 2015. A total of 17 units have been registered in Germany . According to JATO Dynamics, a total of 38 units have been registered in Europe through September 2014.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: It is a version of long wheelbase S-Class sedan with 6.0-litre V12 biturbo engine rated and at 1,900 rpm, ECO start/stop function, optional touchpad, optional head-up display, COLLISION PREVENTION ASSIST PLUS, optional electric windscreen heating. The vehicle was unveiled in the 2014 North American International Auto Show. The vehicle went on sale in March 2014.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: In 2015, Mercedes brought back the Maybach name as a sub-brand of the Mercedes lineup, representing advanced luxury. The first model produced was the Mercedes-Maybach S-Class, designed to be pitched against the Bentley Mulsanne and Rolls-Royce Phantom VIII. At long with a wheelbase of , the new model is approximately greater in both dimensions compared to the long-wheelbase S-Class models.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The Maybach S 500 assembly started in Pune, India in September 2015 and is the second country to produce a Maybach.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: In 2017 with the facelift S 600 was discontinued, while S 650 introduced (with the engine of former S 65 AMG).

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: The Mercedes-Maybach S 600 and S 650 were also available in a Pullman version, a chauffeur-driven sedan which includes a partition-separated ultra-luxurious rear passenger compartment with two sets of paired facing seats. This version is equipped with the V12 dual-turbocharger gasoline engine, the seven-speed automatic transmission, and rear-wheel drive. The same vehicle is additionally available as an armoured version, known as the Pullman Guard.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: At the 2017 Shanghai Motor Show, a new Chinese-only Mercedes-Maybach S 680 was introduced for the model year 2018 and onward. The number 8 is very auspicious in China and Asian countries, closely associated with luck and wealth. S 680 is essentially the same as S 650 in equipment level and such.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: A mid-cycle refresh was introduced in the summer 2017 for the 2018 model year. The refresh introduces the new 48-volt integrated starter/alternator, ENERGIZING Comfort Control, updated autonomous driving technologies. The grille is updated to differentiate between six and eight cylinder engine versions and long wheelbase and V12 versions. The headlamps and taillamps are revised with new enhanced LED technology.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: Inline 6 and V8 engines are now paired with the 9-speed 9G-TRONIC automatic transmission (AMG Speedshift MCT for S 63 AMG 4MATIC+) while V12 engines continue to use the 7G-TRONIC PLUS transmission.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)

Context: S 63 AMG 4MATIC+ became the sole choice for the V8 version of S-Class from AMG, eliminating the previous rear-wheel-drive version.

Question: Какая максимальная скорость у Mercedes-Benz 222?


Postage stamps and postal history of Russia

Context: This a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the modern Russian Federation.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: Records mention a system of messengers in the 10th century. Early letters were carried in the form of a roll, with a wax or lead seal; the earliest known of these seals dates from 1079, and mentions a governor Ratibor of Tmutarakan. The earliest surviving cover was sent in 1391 from La Tana (now Azov) to Venice.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: By the 16th century, the postal system included 1,600 locations, and mail took 3 days to travel from Moscow to Novgorod. In 1634, a peace treaty between Russia and Poland established a route to Warsaw, becoming Russia's first regular international service.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: Local postal systems used stamps referred to as Zemstvo stamps, from the term for local government begun under Alexander II in 1864.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: Russian Post is a founding member of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) created in 1874. In 1902 Chief Postal Service was made part of the Internal Affairs Ministry and in 1917 under the Provisional Government it became part of Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: During the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet postal service was a part of the People's Commissariat for Communications of the USSR. It delivered up to 70 million parcels per month to the Soviet Army front from the rear under extremely difficult and often very dangerous conditions.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In the postwar years, the mail service has undergone quantitative and qualitative changes. In 1946, the People's Commissariat for Communications of the USSR was transformed into the Ministry of Communications of the USSR. The postal service was carried out by the Post Office, which was part of the Ministry of Communications, along with other offices of the telecommunications industries. By 1950, the postal industry, destroyed by the war, was restored and brought to the pre-war level.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: Further development of the postal service followed the path of mechanization and automation of mail processing, improving the organization of its transportation and delivery. For this, the old postal equipment was modernized and the production of brand new designs developed - mail processing and handling machines and equipment for container transport, means of mechanization and postal inventory, as well as equipment for customer service.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: By the late 1930s, 203 post offices operated in Leningrad. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45, communication between the front line and the rear was provided by the Field Post. In the first year of the Siege, there were 108 post offices working in Leningrad. The Leningrad Postal Association was created in 1988 and included the General Leningrad Post Office, 13 regional post offices, 345 post offices, 11 automated post offices, and a fleet of vehicles.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: Given the role of the Russian Post in the historical development of the state, in 1994, Russian President Boris Yeltsin established a professional public holiday for postal workers - "The Day of the Russian Post", which is celebrated annually on the 2 July. Another presidential decree in 1997 restored the heraldic traditions of the Post with the adding of the emblem and flag.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In 1996, the Ministry of Communications for the first time decided to break the state postal monopoly on some postal services, resulting in Russia having commercial mailing companies.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: 2012 saw the creating of a new resource called "anti-Russianpost.ru" emerged in the world wide web. The users highlight all instances of Russian Post’s bad work. In the middle of March, the clients of on-line retailers launched a massive spam attack on the Moscow office of the Roskomnadzor watchdog. In this period the company received up to 1,000 messages from individuals with complaints about delayed deliveries of purchases made at Internet shops.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In March 2013 Russian Post reported the unfavorable state of affairs to the authorities. In a special message Russian Post’s deputy general director, Nina Fetisova, told the Federal Communications Agency Rossvyaz and the Federal Customs Service the processing of international mail was in a critical situation at the customs posts Vnukovo and Sheremetyevo International Airport and also at the Central International Post Office in Moscow.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In order to improve the services, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a Government Resolution to take the Russian Post out of the sphere of competence of the Federal Communications Agency Rossvyaz, and subordinated it directly to the Ministry of Communications and Mass Media. Also, On April of that year, the General Director of the Post, Alexander Kiselyov was ousted from the office.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: The company's new management, in October 2013, stated an ambitious goal of doubling revenues to make the company ready for an initial public offering in 2018 by allowing it to provide banking services, reducing the number of unprofitable branches and focusing on providing deliveries from online retailers.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In March 2014, following the takeover of Crimea by pro-Russian separatists and the Russian Armed Forces, the Russian Post announced a number of measures to organize postal services with the Republic of Crimea in accordance with postal regulations of the Russian Federation, as well as to unify the mail systems of indexing.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: The postage stamp idea had already swept much of the world when, in September 1856, the Russian authorities decided to follow suit.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: Since the supply of postmarks to the numerous post offices took a while, the Postal Department ordered that stamps be cancelled with pen and ink, following the example of cancelling postal stationery envelopes.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: A 5k stamp for local postage was introduced in 1863, and in the following year new common design, with the Coat of Arms in an oval, was introduced for the 1k, 3k, and 5k values. These were used to make up complicated rates for international mail, which had previously required cash payments at the post office.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In September 1865, the Shlisselburg district became the first of the "zemstvo" offices to issue stamps; the system was officially organized by a decree of 27 August 1870.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In 1874, Russia became one of the original 22 countries forming the General Postal Union (later the Universal Postal Union).

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: The Coat of Arms design was changed in 1875 and used for 2k and 8k values, and a 7k in 1879. The 7k was also printed on revenue stamp paper watermarked with a hexagonal pattern; these are quite rare.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: A new issue of 14 December 1883 featured an updated design, lower values printed in a single color, and new high values - 14k, 35k, and 70k. January 1884 saw the introduction of 3.50-ruble and 7-ruble stamps, physically much larger than the existing stamps.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In 1889 the designs were changed again, this time to introduce thunderbolts across the posthorns underneath the double-headed eagle, and in printings, after 1902 the usual grain of the paper was changed to be vertical.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: At the end of 1904, Russia issued its first semi-postal stamps. The four values were each sold at 3k over the face to provide for orphans of casualties in the Russo-Japanese War.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In 1909 a new series came out, using a mix of old and new designs, all printed on unwatermarked wove paper, and with lozenges on the face to discourage postage stamp reuse.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: Russia's first series of commemorative stamps appeared on 2 January 1913 to mark the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty. The 17 stamps featured portraits of the various Tsars, as well as views of the Kremlin, Winter Palace, and Romanov Castle. But in 1915 and 1916, as the government disintegrated under the pressures of World War I, several of the designs were printed on card stock and used as paper money. 7k and 14k stamps were also surcharged 10k and 20k due to shortages.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: The period of the Russian Revolution is complicated philatelically; post offices across the country were thrown on their own devices, and a number of the factions and breakaway republics issued new kinds of stamps, although in some cases they seem to have been as much for publicity purposes, few genuine uses having been recorded.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In 1917 the Provisional Government reprinted the old Tsarist designs but sold them imperforate. The first stamps of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic appeared in 1918, as two values depicting a sword cutting a chain. While great quantities of these stamps survive, they saw little use, and used copies are worth more than mint.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: In the years of the Civil War, postage stamps served as a kind of currency in a number of regions. During the later famine, postage stamps were used as a means of exchange for products. The "Pravda" newspaper issue of 9 March 1922 "urged the population “not to throw away stamps” and called on all citizens and children of the RSFSR to gather and send all canceled stamps, stamp collections, and

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: The next stamps appeared in 1921, after inflation had taken hold. The set's values range from 1 to 1,000 rubles. By the next year, these stamps were being surcharged in various ways, with face values of up to 100,000 rubles.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: A currency reform in 1922 that exchanged money at a 10,000-to-1 rate enabled new stamps in the 5r to 200r range, including a set marking the 5th anniversary of the October Revolution, Tsarist stamps surcharged with a five-pointed star containing a hammer and sickle. Stamps with portraits of a worker, peasant and soldier also appeared this year; variations on these portrait designs, including the Gold Standard issue, would continue to be issued throughout the 1920s.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: At 1919–1921 there was Aunus expedition where a group of Finnish volunteers occupied parts of East Karelia (Aunus in Finnish, Olonets Karelia in Russian). There were stamps issued for Aunus troops by local authorities. They were Finnish definitives from 1917 with overprint Aunus.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


Context: Postage stamps of the USSR were issued in the period 1923 to 1991. They bore the specific inscription ("Post of the USSR"). The thematics of Soviet stamps mirrored to a large extent the history, politics, economics, and culture of this world's first socialist state.

Question: Когда появился первый конверт в России?


House of Bonaparte

Context: During the reign of Napoleon I, the Imperial Family consisted of the Emperor's immediate relations – his wife, son, siblings, and some other close relatives, namely his brother-in-law Joachim Murat, his uncle Joseph Fesch, and his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais.

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


House of Bonaparte

Context: Between 1852 and 1870, there was a Second French Empire, when a member of the Bonaparte dynasty again ruled France: Napoleon III, the youngest son of Louis Bonaparte. However, during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, the dynasty was again ousted from the Imperial Throne. Since that time, there has been a series of pretenders. Supporters of the Bonaparte family's claim to the throne of France are known as Bonapartists. Current head Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon, has a Bourbon mother.

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


House of Bonaparte

Context: The Bonaparte (originally ) family were patricians in the Italian towns of Sarzana, San Miniato and Florence. The name derives from Italian: "buona" ("good") and "parte" ("part" or "side"). In Italian, the phrase "buona parte" is used to identify a fraction of considerable, but undefined, size in a .

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


House of Bonaparte

Context: A Buonaparte tomb lies in the Church of San Francesco in San Miniato. A second tomb, the "Chapelle Impériale", was built by Napoleon III in Ajaccio 1857.

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


House of Bonaparte

Context: Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, Napoleon I made his elder brother Joseph king first of Naples and then of Spain, his younger brother Louis King of Holland (subsequently forcing his abdication in 1810 after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France), and his youngest brother Jérôme King of Westphalia, a short-lived realm created from several states of northwestern Germany.

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


House of Bonaparte

Context: Napoleon's son Napoléon François Charles Joseph was created King of Rome and was later styled as Napoléon II by loyalists of the dynasty, though he only ruled for two weeks after his father's abdication.

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


House of Bonaparte

Context: Carlo-Maria (Ajaccio, 1746–Montpellier, 1785) married Maria Letizia Ramolino (Ajaccio, 1750–Rome, 1836) in 1764. He was a minor official in the local courts. They had eight children:

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


House of Bonaparte

Context: The arms of the Bonaparte family were: "Gules two bends sinister between two mullets or". In 1804, Napoleon I changed the arms to "Azure an imperial eagle or". The change applied to all members of his family except for his brother Lucien and his nephew, the son from Jerome's first marriage.

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


House of Bonaparte

Context: Charles, Prince Napoléon (born 1950, great-great-grandson of Jérôme Bonaparte by his second marriage), and his son Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon (born 1986 and appointed heir in the will of his grandfather Louis, Prince Napoléon) currently dispute the headship of the Bonaparte family. The only other male member of the family is Charles's recently married (2013) brother, Prince Jérôme Napoléon (born 1957). There are no other legitimate descendants in the male line from Napoleon I or from his brothers.

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


House of Bonaparte

Context: There are, however, numerous descendants of Napoleon's illegitimate but unacknowledged son, Count Alexandre Colonna-Walewski (1810–1868), born from Napoleon I's union with Marie, Countess Walewski. A descendant of Napoleon's sister Caroline Bonaparte was actor René Auberjonois. Recent DNA-matches with living descendants of Jérôme and Count Walewski have confirmed the existence of descendants of Lucien Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, namely the Clovis family.

Question: Кто из династии Бонапартов был королем италии?


Flag of Belarus

Context: The basic design of the national flag of Belarus was first described in Presidential Decree No. 214 of 7 June 1995. The flag is a rectangular cloth consisting of two horizontal stripes: a red upper stripe covering two-thirds of the flag's height, and green lower stripe covering one-third. A vertical red-on-white traditional Belarusian decorative pattern, which occupies one-ninth of the flag's length, is placed against the flagstaff. The flag's ratio of width to length is 1:2.

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: In addition to the 1995 decree, "STB 911-2008: National Flag of the Republic of Belarus" was published by the State Committee for Standardisation of the Republic of Belarus in 2008. It gives the technical specifications of the national flag, such as the details of the colours and the ornament pattern. The red ornament design on the national flag was, until 2012, the width of the flag, and with the white margin. As of 2012, the red pattern has occupied the whole of the white margin (which stayed at ).

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: The colours of the national flag are regulated in "STB 911-2008: National Flag of the Republic of Belarus" and are listed in the CIE Standard illuminant D65.

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: A decorative pattern, designed in 1917 by , is displayed on the hoist of the flag (as it was previously, on the 1951 flag). The pattern, derived from local plants and flowers, is a traditional type commonly used in Belarus. These patterns are sometimes used in woven garments, most importantly in the traditional "ruchnik", a woven cloth used for ceremonial events like religious services, funerals, and other more minor social functions, such as a host offering guests bread and salt served on a ručnik.

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: Belarusian law requires that the flag be flown daily, weather permitting, from the following locations:

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: According to the 1995 presidential decree, the national flag is to be used on a staff that is coloured gold (ochre). Other parts of the protocol specify the finial (the metal ornament on a flag pole) as diamond-shaped and coloured in a yellow metal. In this diamond there is a five-pointed star (similar to that used in the national emblem). The diamond pattern represents another continuation of Soviet flag traditions. The Day of the National Emblem and Flag of Belarus is 15 May.

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: The white-red-white flag was used by the Belarusian People's Republic in 1918 before Belarus became a Soviet Republic, then by the Belarusian national movement in West Belarus followed by widespread unofficial use during the Nazi occupation of Belarus between 1942 and 1944, and again after it regained its independence in 1991 until the 1995 referendum.

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: Opposition groups have continued to use this flag, though its display in Belarus has been restricted by the government of Belarus, which claims it is linked with Nazi collaboration due to its use by Belarusian collaborators during World War II. The white-red-white flag has been used in protests against the government, most recently the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests, and by the Belarusian diaspora.

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: Lukashenko had tried to hold a similar referendum before, in 1993, but failed to get parliamentary support. Two months before the May 1995 referendum, Lukashenko proposed a flag design that consisted of two small bars of green and one wide bar of red. While it is not known what became of this suggestion, new designs (called "projects" in Belarus) were suggested a few days later, which were then put up to vote in the 1995 referendum.

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: Since the introduction of the 1995 flag, several other flags adopted by government agencies or bodies have been modelled on it.

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Flag of Belarus

Context: The presidential standard, which has been in use since 1997, was adopted by a decree called "Concerning the Standard of the President of Republic of Belarus". The standard's design is an exact copy of the national flag, with the addition of the Belarusian national emblem in gold and red. The standard's ratio of 5:6 differs from that of the national flag, making the standard almost square. It is used at buildings and on vehicles to denote the presence of the president.

Question: Что означает белый цвет на флаге Беларуси?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (Caroline Amelia Elizabeth; 17 May 1768 – 7 August 1821) was Queen of the United Kingdom and Hanover as the wife of King George IV from 29 January 1820 until her death in 1821. She was Princess of Wales from 1795 to 1820.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: Caroline was born a princess of Braunschweig, known in English as "Brunswick", with the courtesy title of Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, on 17 May 1768 at Braunschweig in Germany. She was the daughter of Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and his wife Princess Augusta of Great Britain, eldest sister of King George III.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: Caroline was brought up in a difficult family situation. Her mother resented her father's open adultery with Baroness Luise von Hertefeld, whom he had installed as his official mistress in 1777, and Caroline was later to confide to Lady Charlotte Campbell that she was often tired of being a "shuttlecock" between her parents, as whenever she was civil to one of them, she was scolded by the other.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: She was educated by governesses, but the only subject in which she was given a higher education was music. From 1783 until 1791, Countess Eleonore von Münster was her governess, and won her affection, but never managed to teach her to spell correctly, as Caroline preferred to dictate to a secretary. Caroline could understand English and French, but her father admitted that she was lacking in education.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: According to Caroline's mother, who was British, all German princesses learned English in the hope that they would be chosen to marry George, Prince of Wales, George III's eldest son and heir apparent and Caroline's first cousin.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: John Stanley, later 1st Baron Stanley of Alderley, saw her in 1781, and noted that she was an attractive girl with curly, fair hair. In 1784, she was described as a beauty, and two years later, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau described her as "most amiable, lively, playful, witty and handsome".

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: A rare occasion was the wedding of her elder brother Charles, when she was finally allowed to dance, though only with the groom and her new brother-in-law, the Prince of Orange – she was, however, still forbidden to dine alone with her brother.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: Her secluded isolation tormented her, which was demonstrated when she was later again banned from attending a ball. She simulated an illness so severe that her parents left the ball to see her. When they arrived, she claimed to be in labour and forced them to send for a midwife. When the midwife arrived, she stopped her simulation and asked her mother: "Now, Madam, will you keep me another time from a ball?"

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: On 28 March 1795, Caroline and Malmesbury left Cuxhaven on the "Jupiter". Delayed by poor weather, they landed a week later, on Easter Sunday, 5 April, at Greenwich. There, she met Frances Villiers, Countess of Jersey, George's mistress, who had been appointed Caroline's Lady of the Bedchamber. Smith concludes that:

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: She was chosen as the intended bride of George, Prince of Wales partly because her mother was a favourite sister of George III, partly through the favourable reports of her given by his brothers the Dukes of York and Clarence when they visited Germany, and partly for lack of a suitable alternative German protestant princess.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: On meeting his future wife for the first time, George called for a glass of brandy. He was evidently disappointed. Similarly, Caroline told Malmesbury, "[the Prince is] very fat and he's nothing like as handsome as his portrait." At dinner that evening, the Prince was appalled by Caroline's garrulous nature and her jibes at the expense of Lady Jersey. She was upset and disappointed by George's obvious partiality for Lady Jersey over her.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: Caroline and George were married on 8 April 1795 at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, in London. At the ceremony, George was drunk. He regarded Caroline as unattractive and unhygienic, and told Malmesbury that he suspected that she was not a virgin when they married. He, of course, was not. He had himself already secretly married Maria Fitzherbert, but his marriage to Fitzherbert violated the Royal Marriages Act 1772 and so was not legally valid.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: In a letter to a friend, the prince claimed that the couple only had sexual intercourse three times: twice the first night of the marriage, and once the second night. He wrote, "it required no small [effort] to conquer my aversion and overcome the disgust of her person." Caroline claimed George was so drunk that he "passed the greatest part of his bridal night under the grate, where he fell, and where I left him".

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: Nine months after the wedding, Caroline gave birth to Princess Charlotte, George's only legitimate child, at Carlton House on 7 January 1796. Charlotte was second in the line of succession to the British throne after her father. Just three days after Charlotte's birth, George made out a new will. He left all his property to "Maria Fitzherbert, my wife", while to Caroline he left one shilling.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: During the Delicate Investigation, Caroline was not permitted to see her daughter, and afterwards her visits were essentially restricted to once a week and only in the presence of Caroline's own mother, the Dowager Duchess of Brunswick. Meetings took place at either Blackheath or an apartment in Kensington Palace designated for Caroline's use.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: Caroline, unhappy at her situation and treatment in Britain, negotiated a deal with the Foreign Secretary, Lord Castlereagh. She agreed to leave the country in exchange for an annual allowance of £35,000. Both Brougham and Charlotte were dismayed by Caroline's decision, as they both realised that Caroline's absence would strengthen George's power and weaken theirs. On 8 August 1814, Caroline left Britain.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: After a two-week visit to Brunswick, Caroline headed for Italy through Switzerland. Along the way, possibly in Milan, she hired Bartolomeo Pergami as a servant. Pergami soon rose to the head of Caroline's household, and managed to get his sister, Angelica, Countess of Oldi, appointed as Caroline's lady-in-waiting. In mid-1815, Caroline bought a house, Villa d'Este, on the shores of Lake Como, even though her finances were stretched.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: Even during the trial, the queen remained immensely popular, as witnessed by over 800 petitions and nearly a million signatures that favoured her cause. As a figurehead of the opposition movement demanding reform, many revolutionary pronouncements were made in Caroline's name.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: But with the end of the trial her alliance with the radicals came to an end. The government again extended the offer of £50,000 a year, this time without preconditions, and Caroline accepted.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: On 5 May 1821, Napoleon died on St Helena. Sir Edmund Nagle informed George, "Sir, your bitterest enemy is dead". He replied, "Is she, by God!".

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: During much of 1820 the "queen's business" captivated the nation. "It was the only question I have ever known," wrote the radical critic William Hazlitt, "that excited a thorough popular feeling. It struck its roots into the heart of the nation; it took possession of every house or cottage in the kingdom."

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: The story of Caroline's marriage to George and her battle to be recognised as queen served as the basis for the 1996 BBC docudrama "A Royal Scandal" with Susan Lynch as Caroline and Richard E. Grant as George IV. The 2008 radio play "The People's Princess", with Alex Jennings as George IV and Rebecca Saire as Caroline, drew parallels with the marriage and divorce of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. Caroline is the subject of Richard Condon's 1977 novel "The Abandoned Woman".

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


Caroline of Brunswick

Context: As Princess of Wales she used the arms of her husband (the royal arms with a label of three points Argent) impaled with those of her father, the whole surmounted by a coronet of the heir apparent.

Question: Сколько лет прожила Кароли́на Ама́лия Елизаве́та Брауншве́йг-Вольфенбю́ттельская?


White movement

Context: During the Russian Civil War the White movement functioned as a big-tent political movement representing an array of political opinions in Russia united in their opposition to the communist Bolsheviks—from the republican-minded liberals and Kerenskyite social-democrats on the left through monarchists and supporters of a united multinational Russia to the ultra-nationalist Black Hundreds on the right.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: Above all, the White movement emerged as opponents of the Red Army. The White Army had the stated aim to keep law and order in Russia as the Tsar's army before the civil war and the revolution of Russia. They worked to remove Soviet organizations and functionaries in White-controlled territory.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: Overall, the White Army was nationalistic and rejected ethnic particularism and separatism. The White Army generally believed in a united multinational Russia and opposed separatists who wanted to create nation-states.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: British parliamentary influential leader Winston Churchill (1874–1965) personally warned General Anton Denikin (1872–1947), formerly of the Imperial Army and later a major White military leader, whose forces effected pogroms and persecutions against the Jews: [M]y task in winning support in Parliament for the Russian Nationalist cause will be infinitely harder if well-authenticated complaints continue to be received from Jews in the zone of the Volunteer Armies.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: The White movement had access to various naval forces, both seagoing and riverine, especially the Black Sea Fleet.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: Aerial forces available to the Whites included the Slavo-British Aviation Corps (S.B.A.C.). The Russian ace Alexander Kazakov operated within this unit.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: The White movement's leaders and first members came mainly from the ranks of military officers. Many came from outside the nobility, such as generals Mikhail Alekseev and Anton Denikin, who originated in serf families, or General Lavr Kornilov, a Cossack.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: The White generals never mastered administration; they often utilized "prerevolutionary functionaries" or "military officers with monarchististic inclinations" for administering White-controlled regions.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: The White Armies were often lawless and disordered. Also, White-controlled territories had multiple different and varying currencies with unstable exchange-rates. The chief currency, the Volunteer Army's ruble, had no gold backing.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: White organising in the South started on 15 November 1917, (Old Style) under General Mikhail Alekseev (1857–1918). In December 1917, General Lavr Kornilov took over the military command of the newly named Volunteer Army until his death in April 1918, after which General Anton Denikin took over, becoming head of the "Armed Forces of the South of Russia" in January 1919.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: After General Denikin's attack upon Moscow failed in 1919, the Armed Forces of the South of Russia retreated. On 26 and 27 March 1920, the remnants of the Volunteer Army evacuated from Novorossiysk to the Crimea, where they merged with the army of Pyotr Wrangel.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?


White movement

Context: The defeated anti-Bolshevik Russians went into exile, congregating in Belgrade, Berlin, Paris, Harbin, Istanbul, and Shanghai. They established military and cultural networks that lasted through World War II (1939–1945), e.g., the Russian community in Harbin and the Russian community in Shanghai. Afterward, the White Russians' anti-Communist activists established a home base in the United States, to which numerous refugees emigrated.

Question: Кто такой белый офицер?