Stuttgart

Context: The Stadtarchiv Stuttgart is the archive in charge of the provincial capital Stuttgart. The archived material is in principle open to the public and can be consulted in the reading room in Bellingweg 21 in Bad Cannstatt.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: The "Archive instigator" is dedicated to the dead of the city. Since 2005, the instigators are working on a memoir about "The dead town". So far, about 5,000 names of victims of the regime of National Socialism have been acquired.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: There are two large tours that are available to visitors to Stuttgart. The first is the Hop-on Hop-off bus tour (also called the CityTour Stuttgart), lasting from 10 AM to 4 PM that takes visitors around the city. The other is the Neckar-Käpt'n, only available from May to October, which cruises on the Neckar river from its dock at Wilhelma in Bad Cannstatt.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: The religious landscape in Stuttgart changed in 1534 as a direct result of the Reformation. Since this time Württemberg has been predominantly Protestant. However, since 1975 the number of Protestants in Stuttgart has dropped from around 300,000 to 200,000. In 2014, 26.2% of inhabitants were Protestant and 24.0% were Roman Catholic. 49.8% of the population fell into other categories: Muslims, Jews and those who either followed no religion or one not accounted for in official statistics.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: The city of Stuttgart is administratively divided into 23 city districts – five "inner" districts and 18 "outer" districts. Each district has a council headed by a district director. From there, the districts are broken down into quarters. Since the changes in city statutes on 1 July 2007 and 1 January 2009, the total number of quarters rose to 152.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: The Stuttgart area is known for its high-tech industry. Some of its most prominent companies include Mercedes-Benz Group, Porsche, Robert Bosch GmbH, McKesson Europe, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Sika AG – all of whom have their world or European headquarters here.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Stuttgart also has several famous breweries such as Stuttgarter Hofbräu, Dinkelacker, and Schwaben Bräu.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: The city is not considered a traditional university city, but nevertheless has a variety of institutions of higher education. The most significant of them are:

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Historically, an elite military academy existed in Stuttgart in the late 18th century (1770–1794), the Hohe Karlsschule, at Solitude Castle. Friedrich Schiller and the city's most famous Classicist architect, Nikolaus Friedrich von Thouret, were among its many esteemed alumni.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: The first Waldorf School (also known as Rudolf Steiner School) was founded here in 1919 by the director of the Waldorf Astoria tobacco factory, Emil Molt, and Austrian social thinker Rudolf Steiner, a comprehensive school following Steiner's educational principles of anthroposophy and humanistic ideals. Today, four of these schools are located in Stuttgart.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Since 1985 Stuttgart is home to the International School of Stuttgart, one of fewer than 100 schools worldwide that offer all three International Baccalaureate programs- the IB Primary Years (Early Learning to Grade 5), IB Middle Years (Grade 6 to 10), IB Diploma (grades 11–12). The International School of Stuttgart is accredited by both the Council of International Schools and the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Furthermore, the city is a significant centre of publishing and specialist printing, with renowned houses such as Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group, (schoolbooks), Kohlhammer Verlag, Metzler Verlag and Motor Presse having their head offices there. The Reclam Verlag is located in nearby Ditzingen.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: The newspapers "Stuttgarter Zeitung" (StZ; regional, with significant supra-regional, national and international sections) and Stuttgarter Nachrichten (StN; regional) are published here as well as a number of smaller, local papers such as "Cannstatter Zeitung".

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: As is the case wherever the US military is stationed, there is an American Forces Network (AFN) station. It transmits on FM on 102.3 MHz from Fernmeldeturm Frauenkopf and on AM on 1143 kHz from Hirschlanden transmitter.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Long-distance trains stop at Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof, the city's main line terminus, which is also used by Interregio-Express, Regional-Express and Regionalbahn trains for services to stations in the Stuttgart metropolitan area. The local rail networks (see above) operate underneath the terminus.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Stuttgart also has its own rail freight centre with marshalling yards and a container terminal in the Obertürkheim area of Hedelfingen.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Stuttgart is served by Autobahn A8, that runs east–west from Karlsruhe to Munich, and Autobahn A81 that runs north–south from Würzburg to Singen. The Autobahn A831 is a short spur entering the southern side of Stuttgart.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Besides these Autobahns, Stuttgart is served by a large number of expressways, many of which are built to Autobahn standards, and were once intended to carry an A-number. Important expressways like B10, B14, B27 and B29 connect Stuttgart with its suburbs. Due to the hilly surroundings, there are many road tunnels in and around Stuttgart. There are also a number of road tunnels under intersections in the center of Stuttgart.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: 'The Blues', Stuttgarter Kickers, are the second most important football team. They currently play in the Regionalliga Südwest (fourth division) at the smaller Gazi Stadium close to the TV tower in Degerloch.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Other lower-division football teams are "Sportfreunde Stuttgart" – most famous for taking part in the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy in 1908, considered the first "World Cup" – and FV Zuffenhausen.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: TV Bittenfeld has been playing in the men's Handball-Bundesliga since the 2015/16 season under the name TVB 1898 Stuttgart. The home venue is the Scharrena Stuttgart, part of the home games also take place in the Porsche-Arena for capacity reasons. VfL Pfullingen/Stuttgart played in the Bundesliga from 2001 to 2006, where they played their home games in the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle. In the 1990/91 season, SG Stuttgart-Scharnhausen also played in the Bundesliga.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Stuttgart has two major ice hockey teams. Stuttgart Rebels EC, plays in the "Landesliga" (4th tier) at the Waldau ice rink in Degerloch. The Bietigheim Bissingen Steelers play in the 2nd division of the DEL (DEL2). The Steelers play in the new Ege Trans Arena in Bietigheim.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Stuttgart

Context: Other famous sports venues are the Weissenhof tennis courts, where the annual Mercedes Cup tennis tournament is played, the Porsche Arena (hosting tennis, basketball and handball) and the Schleyerhalle (boxing, equestrianism/show jumping, gymnastics, track cycling etc.), Scharrena Stuttgart.

Question: ヴュルテンベルクの公用語はなんですか？


Sodomy

Context: The term is derived from the Ecclesiastical Latin or "sin of Sodom", which in turn comes from the Ancient Greek word (Sódoma). Genesis (chapters 18–20) tells how God wished to destroy the "sinful" cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. Two angels are invited by Lot to take refuge with his family for the night.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The men of Sodom surround Lot's house and demand that he bring the messengers out so that they may "know" them (the expression includes sexual connotations). Lot protests that the "messengers" are his guests and offers the Sodomites his virgin daughters instead, but then they threaten to "do worse" with Lot than they would with his guests. Then the angels strike the Sodomites blind, "so that they wearied themselves to find the door" (Genesis 19:4–11, KJV).

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: In current usage, the term is particularly used in law. Laws prohibiting sodomy were seen frequently in past Jewish, Christian, and Islamic civilizations, but the term has little modern usage outside Africa, Asia, and the United States.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: These laws in the United States have been challenged and have sometimes been found unconstitutional or been replaced with different legislation.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The word "sod", a noun or verb (to "sod off") used as an insult, is derived from "sodomite". It is a general-purpose insult term for anyone the speaker dislikes without specific reference to their sexual behaviour. "Sod" is used as slang in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth and is considered mildly offensive. (The word 'sod' also has a meaning of "(clump of) earth" with an unrelated etymology, in which sense it is rare but not offensive.)

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: In modern German, the word has no connotation of anal or oral sex and specifically refers to bestiality. The same goes for the Polish . The Norwegian word carries both senses. In Danish, is rendered as "unnatural carnal knowledge with someone of the same sex or (now) with animals".

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: In Arabic and Persian, the word for sodomy, (Arabic pronunciation: ; Persian pronunciation ), is derived from the same source as in Western culture, with much the same connotations as English (referring to most sexual acts prohibited by the Qur'an). Its direct reference is to Lot (لوط "Lūṭ" in Arabic) and a more literal interpretation of the word is "the practice of Lot", but more accurately it means "the practice of Lot's people" (the Sodomites) rather than Lot himself.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: While religion and the law have had a fundamental role in the historical definition and punishment of sodomy, sodomitical texts present considerable opportunities for ambiguity and interpretation. Sodomy is both a real occurrence and an imagined category. In the course of the eighteenth century, what is identifiable as sodomy often becomes identified with effeminacy, for example, or in opposition to a discourse of manliness.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: "an adequate and imaginative reading involves a series of intertextual interventions in which histories become stories, fabrications and reconstructions in lively debate with, and around, 'dominant' heterosexualities ... Deconstructing what we think we see may well involve reconstructing ourselves in surprising and unanticipated ways."

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The modern English word "bugger" is derived from the French term "", that evolved from the Latin "Bulgarus" or "Bulgarian". The Catholic Church used the word to describe members of a religious sect known as the Bogomils, who originated in medieval Bulgaria in the 10th century and spread throughout Western Europe by the 15th century. The Church used it as a term of offence against a group they considered heretical.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The first use of the word "buggery" appears in Middle English in 1330 where it is associated with "abominable heresy"; though the sexual sense of "bugger" is not recorded until 1555. "The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology" quotes a similar form: "bowgard" (and "bouguer"), but claims that the Bulgarians were heretics

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Webster's "Third New International Dictionary" gives the only meaning of the word "bugger" as a sodomite,

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: "Bugger" is still commonly used in modern English as an exclamation, while "buggery" is synonymous with the act of sodomy.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: In Judges 19–21, there is an account, similar in many ways, where Gibeah, a city of the Benjamin tribe, is destroyed by the other tribes of Israel in revenge for a mob of its inhabitants raping and killing a woman.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Neither view about why Sodom was destroyed takes into account the fact that its destruction was planned before the guests arrived in the city, Genesis 18:17.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Many times in the Pentateuch and Prophets, writers use God's destruction of Sodom to demonstrate His awesome power. This happens in Deuteronomy 29; Isaiah 1, 3, and 13; Jeremiah 49 and 50; Lamentations 4; Amos 4.11; and Zephaniah 2.9. Deuteronomy 32, Jeremiah 23.14, and Lamentations 4 reference the sinfulness of Sodom, but do not specify any particular sin.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Specific sins which Sodom is linked to by the prophets of the Old Testament are adultery and lying ().

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: There is no explicit mention of any sexual sin in Ezekiel's summation and "abomination" is used to describe many sins.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The New Testament, like the Old Testament, references Sodom as a place of God's anger against sin, but the Epistle of Jude provides a certain class of sin as causative of its destruction, the meaning of which is disputed.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The Greek word in the New Testament from which the phrase is translated "giving themselves over to fornication," is "ekporneuō" ("ek" and "porneuō"). As one word, it is not used elsewhere in the New Testament, but occurs in the Septuagint to denote whoredom (Genesis 38:24 and Exodus 34:15). Some modern translations as the NIV render it as "sexual immorality."

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The Greek words for "strange flesh" are "heteros," which almost always basically denotes "another/other," and "sarx," a common word for "flesh," and usually refers to the physical body or the nature of man or of an ordinance.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: In the Christian expansion of the prophets, they further linked Sodom to the sins of impenitence (), careless living (), fornication ( KJV), and an overall "filthy" lifestyle (), which word ("aselgeiais") elsewhere is rendered in the KJV as lasciviousness (; ; ; ; ) or wantonness (; ).

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The Hellenistic Jewish philosopher, Philo (20 BCE – 50 CE), described the inhabitants of Sodom in an extra-biblical account:

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Burning had been part of the standard penalty for homosexual behavior, particularly common in Germanic protohistory (as according to Germanic folklore, sexual deviance and especially same-sex desire were caused by a form of malevolence or spiritual evil called "nith", rendering those people characterized by it as non-human fiends, as "nithings"). Benedictus Levita most probably was of the Germanic tribe of the Franks.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Benedictus Levita broadened the meaning for "sodomy" to all sexual acts not related to procreation that were therefore deemed "counter nature" (so for instance, even solitary masturbation and anal intercourse between a male and a female were covered), while among these, he still emphasized all interpersonal acts not taking place between human men and women, especially homosexuality.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Persecution of Cathars and the Bogomiles sect in Bulgaria led to the use of a term closely related to "sodomy": "buggery" derives from French "bouggerie", meaning "of Bulgaria". The association of "sodomy" with hereticism, satanism, and witchcraft was supported by the Inquisition trials.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The Book of Wisdom, which is included in the Biblical canon by Orthodox and Roman Catholics, but excluded by modern Jews, Protestants, and other Christian denominations, makes reference to the story of Sodom, further emphasizing that their sin had been failing to practice hospitality:

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: "And punishments came upon the sinners not without former signs by the force of thunders: for they suffered justly according to their own wickedness, insomuch as they used a more hard and hateful behavior toward strangers."

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: "For the Sodomites did not receive those, whom they knew not when they came: but these brought friends into bondage, that had well deserved of them." (KJV

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: In 1730, there was a wave of sodomy trials in the Netherlands; some 250 men were summoned before the authorities; 91 faced decrees of exile for not appearing. At least 60 men were sentenced to death.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The last two Englishmen that were hanged for sodomy were executed in 1835. James Pratt and John Smith died in front of Newgate Prison in London on 27 November 1835 or 8 April 1835. They had been prosecuted under the Offences against the Person Act 1828, which had replaced the 1533 Buggery Act.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Laws criminalizing sodomy rarely spell out precise sexual acts, but are typically understood by courts to include any sexual act deemed to be unnatural or immoral. Sodomy typically includes anal sex, oral sex, and bestiality. In practice, sodomy laws have rarely been enforced against heterosexual couples, and have mostly been used to target homosexuals.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: As of June 2019, 69 countries as well as five sub-national jurisdictions have laws criminalizing homosexuality.In 2006 that number was 92. Among these 69 countries, 44 of them criminalize not only male homosexuality but also female homosexuality. In 11 of them, homosexuality is punished with the death penalty.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fullness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. And they were haughty, and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw "good".

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Prohibitions on same-sex activities among men (#157) and bestiality (#155–156) are among the 613 commandments as listed by Maimonides in the 12th century; however, their source in Leviticus 18 does not contain the word "sodomy". The idea that homosexual intercourse was involved as at least a part of the evil of Sodom arises from the story in Genesis 19 (NIV):

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: The traditional interpretation sees the primary sin of Sodom as being homoerotic sexual acts, connecting the Sodom narrative with Leviticus 18, which lists various sexual crimes, which, according to verses 27 and 28, would result in the land being "defiled":

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Some scholars, such as Per-Axel Sverker, align this passage with the traditional interpretation, claiming that the word abomination refers to sexual misconduct, and that while homoerotic acts were not the only reason Sodom and Gomorrah were condemned, it was a significant part of the picture.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Others, the earliest of whom was Derrick Sherwin Bailey, claim that this passage contradicts the traditional interpretation altogether. In their view, the sins of Sodom were related more to violation of hospitality laws than sexual sins. This also coincides with traditional Jewish interpretations of these texts as well.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: While the Quran clearly disapproves of the sexual practices of the "people of Lot" ("What, of all creatures do ye come unto the males, and leave the wives your Lord created for you?"), only one passage has occasionally been interpreted as taking a particular legal position towards such activities:

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Most exegetes hold that these verses refer to illicit heterosexual relationships, although a minority view attributed to the Mu'tazilite scholar, Abu Muslim al-Isfahani, interpreted them as referring to homosexual relations. This view was widely rejected by medieval scholars, but has found some acceptance in modern times.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Sodomy

Context: Despite the formal disapproval of religious authority, gender segregation in Muslim societies and the strong emphasis on virility leads some adolescents and unmarried young men to seek alternative sexual outlets to women, especially with males younger than themselves. Not all sodomy is homosexualfor some young men, heterosexual sodomy is considered better than vaginal penetration, and female prostitutes report demand for anal penetration from their male clients.

Question: ソドミー法の名前の由来は？


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: All of the Buchwald ligands are air-stable crystalline solids. Many can be bought commercially or synthesized in only a few steps from inexpensive starting materials. One pot protocols have been developed for the synthesis of these ligands and have been employed on >10 kg scales.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: Some of the better known and commercialized dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands and their applications are described below, in rough order of their date of discovery. Their names are often derived from the first name or initial of the Buchwald group co-worker who discovered the ligand, or (in three cases) after Buchwald's cats, if the discoverer already had a ligand previously named in his/her honor.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: DavePhos is the first reported dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligand and was initially used in mild Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions as well as Buchwald-Hartwig aminations. This ligand has additionally been used to catalyze a wide array of reactions, including the arylation of ketones and esters, borylation of aryl chlorides, and the arylation of indoles.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: Many additional modified versions of DavePhos have been synthesized. tBuDavePhos has been shown to be an even more reactive variant of DavePhos in the room temperature Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides. The biphenyl equivalent (PhDavePhos) is also available as an alternative catalyst in Suzuki-Miyaura couplings.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: Named after John P. Wolfe, JohnPhos was originally used in 1999 in Pd catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reactions with aryl bromides and chlorides. It allows hindered substrates to be reacted at room temperature with extremely low catalyst loading. Since then, this ligand has been utilized in multiple reactions including the amination of a wide range of aryl halides and triflates as well as the arylation of thiophenes.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: Several modified version of this ligand including PhJohnPhos and CyJohnPhos have also been investigated for their use in Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: First reported in 1999, MePhos has been shown to be an equally competent ligand in the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura to that of DavePhos and JohnPhos. It can also form the active catalyst in the formation of aryl ketones. Variants of this ligand including "t"BuMePhos are also commercially available.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: Coworkers at Amgen found that the late stage Suzuki cross coupling (in route to a novel p38 MAP kinase inhibitor) was best catalyzed by a Pd2(dba)3/MePhos catalytic system. This reaction was performed on a kilogram scale and no specific palladium-removal treatment was required as the excess imidazole present in the final amide coupling step coordinated to the Pd and generated a removable byproduct.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: XPhos was first used in 2003 for the general amination and amidation of arenesulfonates and aryl halides. XPhos has also been used in the Pd catalyzed borylation of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: Modified versions of XPhos have also been reported. The more hindered tBuXPhos and Me4tButylXPhos has been employed in the formation of diaryl ethers. Incorporation of a sulfonate group at the 4-position allows this ligand to be used for Sonogashira couplings in aqueous biphasic solvents.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: SPhos was first reported in 2004 as an extremely competent ligand in catalyzing Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions This ligand enables the cross-coupling of heteroaryl, electron-rich and electron-poor aryl, and vinylboronic acids with a variety of aryl and heteroaryl halides under mild reaction conditions. SPhos has also been used in the Pd-catalyzed borylation of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: 3-Sulfonate variants of this ligand (sSPhos) have been shown to catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura couplings in aqueous media. One example of the application of SPhos to academia was its use in the 8 step total synthesis of (±)-geigerin.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: RuPhos was first reported in 2004 as part of a highly reactive catalyst system for the Pd-catalyzed Negishi coupling of organozincs with aryl halides. This ligands allows both extremely hindered substrates as well as substrates with a wide range of functional groups to undergo this reaction. This ligand has also been shown to be effective at catalyzing reactions such as the trifluoromethylation of aryl chlorides and aminations of aryl halides.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: Several modified versions of BrettPhos are also commercially available. tBuBrettPhos has been shown to be a robust ligand in the catalytic conversion of aryl triflates and aryl bromides to aryl fluorides as well as the synthesis of aromatic nitro compounds. The extremely bulky AdBrettPhos can be used in the amidation of five-membered heterocyclic halides that contain multiple heteroatoms (such as haloimidazoles and halopyrazoles).

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: CPhos has been utilized as a highly active ligand in the Pd-catalyzed Negishi coupling of secondary alkylzinc reagents with aryl halides.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands

Context: AlPhos is one of the newest commercially available dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands. Reported in 2015, this ligand allows for the mild Pd-catalyzed fluorination of aryl- and heteroaryl triflates.

Question: アルキル置換ビアリールホスフィン配位子を発見したのは誰


Country music

Context: Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes (most commonly known as "Honky Tonk music") with generally simple forms, folk lyrics, and harmonies often accompanied by string instruments such as electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), banjos, and fiddles as well as harmonicas. Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: The term "country music" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres. The origins of country music are found in the folk music of working class Americans and blue-collar American life. It has historical roots in the indigenous music of North America, Celtic music, early music of the British Isles, jota, Irish traditional music, singing cowboys, corrido, ranchera, norteño, French folk music, African-American music, and other traditional folk music traditions.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: During the fifth generation (1990s), country music became a worldwide phenomenon. Two types of artists enjoyed mainstream popularity: neotraditionalists such as Alan Jackson and the "King of Country" himself, George Strait, and the more broadly popular stadium country acts, in particular Garth Brooks. The Chicks became one of the most popular country bands in the 1990s and early 2000s.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: The first commercial recordings of what was considered instrumental music in the traditional country style were "Arkansas Traveler" and "Turkey in the Straw" by fiddlers Henry Gilliland & A.C. (Eck) Robertson on June 30, 1922, for Victor Records and released in April 1923. Columbia Records began issuing records with "hillbilly" music (series 15000D "Old Familiar Tunes") as early as 1924.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: The first commercial recording of what is widely considered to be the first country song featuring vocals and lyrics was Fiddlin' John Carson with "Little Log Cabin in the Lane" for Okeh Records on June 14, 1923.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family are widely considered to be important early country musicians. From Scott County, Virginia, the Carters had learned sight reading of hymnals and sheet music using solfege. Their songs were first captured at a historic recording session in Bristol, Tennessee, on August 1, 1927, where Ralph Peer was the talent scout and sound recordist. A scene in the movie "O Brother, Where Art Thou?" depicts a similar occurrence in the same timeframe.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Record sales declined during the Great Depression, but radio became a popular source of entertainment, and "barn dance" shows featuring country music were started by radio stations all over the South, as far north as Chicago, and as far west as California.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Some of the popular singing cowboys from the era were Gene Autry, the Sons of the Pioneers, and Roy Rogers. Country music and western music were frequently played together on the same radio stations, hence the term "country and western" music, despite Country and Western being two distinct genres.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Rockabilly was most popular with country fans in the 1950s; one of the first rock and roll superstars was former Western yodeler Bill Haley, who repurposed his Four Aces of Western Swing into a rockabilly band in the early 1950s and renamed it the Comets. Bill Haley & His Comets are credited with two of the first successful rock and roll records, "Crazy Man, Crazy" of 1953 and "Rock Around the Clock" in 1954.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: The Country Music Association was founded in 1958, in part because numerous country musicians were appalled by the increased influence of rock and roll on country music.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In 1962, Ray Charles surprised the pop world by turning his attention to country and western music, topping the charts and rating number three for the year on "Billboard's" pop chart with the "I Can't Stop Loving You" single, and recording the landmark album "Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music".

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Ken Nelson, who had produced Owens and Haggard and Rose Maddox became interested in the trucking song subgenre following the success of "Six Days on the Road" and asked Red Simpson to record an album of trucking songs. Haggard's "White Line Fever" was also part of the trucking subgenre.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: The country music scene of the 1940s until the 1970s was largely dominated by Western music influences, so much so that the genre began to be called "Country and Western". Even today, cowboy and frontier values continue to play a role in the larger country music, with Western wear, cowboy boots, and cowboy hats continues to be in fashion for country artists.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: As Outlaw country music emerged as subgenre in its own right, Red Dirt, New Mexico, Texas country, and Tejano grew in popularity as a part of the Outlaw country movement. Originating in the bars, fiestas, and honky-tonks of Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas, their music supplemented outlaw country's singer-songwriter tradition as well as 21st-century rock-inspired alternative country and hip hop-inspired country rap artists.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Though the outlaw movement as a cultural fad had died down after the late 1970s (with Jennings noting in 1978 that it had gotten out of hand and led to real-life legal scrutiny), many Western and Outlaw country music artists maintained their popularity during the 1980s by forming supergroups, such as The Highwaymen, Texas Tornados, and Bandido.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: With the fusion genre of "country trap"—a fusion of country/western themes to a hip hop beat, but usually with fully sung lyrics—emerging in the late 2010s, line dancing country had a minor revival. Examples of the phenomenon include "Old Town Road" by Lil Nas X and "The Git Up" by Blanco Brown, both of which topped the "Billboard" country charts despite scant radio airplay.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In the 2010s, the alt-country genre saw an increase in its critical and commercial popularity, owing to the success of artists such as the Civil Wars, Chris Stapleton, Sturgill Simpson, Jason Isbell, Lydia Loveless and Margo Price. In 2019, Kacey Musgraves – a country artist who had gained a following with indie rock fans and music critics despite minimal airplay on country radio – won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year for her album "Golden Hour".

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In 2016, Underwood topped the Country Airplay chart for the 15th time, becoming the female artist with most number ones on that chart.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: The influence of rock music in country has become more overt during the late 2000s and early 2010s as artists like Eric Church, Jason Aldean, and Brantley Gilbert have had success; Aaron Lewis, former frontman for the rock group Staind, had a moderately successful entry into country music in 2011 and 2012, as did Dallas Smith, former frontman of the band Default.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Some modern artists that primarily or entirely produce country pop music include Kacey Musgraves, Maren Morris, Kelsea Ballerini, Sam Hunt, Kane Brown, Chris Lane, and Dan + Shay. The singers who are part of this country movement are also defined as "Nashville's new generation of country".

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Australian country music has a long tradition. Influenced by US country music, it has developed a distinct style, shaped by British and Irish folk ballads and Australian bush balladeers like Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson. Country instruments, including the guitar, banjo, fiddle and harmonica, create the distinctive sound of country music in Australia and accompany songs with strong storyline and memorable chorus.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Country music has been a particularly popular form of musical expression among Indigenous Australians. Troy Cassar-Daley is among Australia's successful contemporary indigenous performers, and Kev Carmody and Archie Roach employ a combination of folk-rock and country music to sing about Aboriginal rights issues.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: "Country HQ" showcases new talent on the rise in the country music scene down under. CMC (the Country Music Channel), a 24‑hour music channel dedicated to non-stop country music, can be viewed on pay TV and features once a year the Golden Guitar Awards, CMAs and CCMAs alongside international shows such as "The Wilkinsons", "The Road Hammers", and "Country Music Across America".

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Canadian country pop star Shania Twain is the best-selling female country artist of all time and one of the best-selling artists of all time in any genre. Furthermore, she is the only woman to have three consecutive albums be certified Diamond.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In Brazil, there is Música Sertaneja, the most popular music genre in that country. It originated in the countryside of São Paulo state in the 1910s, before the development of US country music.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In Argentina, on the last weekend of September, the yearly San Pedro Country Music Festival takes place in the town of San Pedro, Buenos Aires. The festival features bands from different places in Argentina, as well as international artists from Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Peru and the U.S.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: The most successful British country music act of the 21st century are Ward Thomas and the Shires. In 2015, the Shires' album "Brave", became the first UK country act ever to chart in the Top 10 of the UK Albums Chart and they became the first UK country act to receive an award from the American Country Music Association. In 2016, Ward Thomas then became the first UK country act to hit number 1 in the UK Albums Chart with their album "Cartwheels".

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: A niche country subgenre popular in the West Country is Scrumpy and Western, which consists mostly of novelty songs and comedy music recorded there (its name comes from scrumpy, an alcoholic beverage). A primarily local interest, the largest Scrumpy and Western hit in the UK and Ireland was "The Combine Harvester," which pioneered the genre and reached number one in both the UK and Ireland; Fred Wedlock had a number-six hit in 1981 with "The Oldest Swinger in Town."

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In India, the Anglo-Indian community is well known for enjoying and performing country music. An annual concert festival called "Blazing Guitars" held in Chennai brings together Anglo-Indian musicians from all over the country (including some who have emigrated to places like Australia).

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: The year 2003 brought home – grown Indian, Bobby Cash to the forefront of the country music culture in India when he became India's first international country music artist to chart singles in Australia.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In Japan, electronic music producer and DJ Yasutaka Nakata started to create a country-folk style of music for model and entertainer Mito Natsume. Mito's activities as a singer has yielded to her debut studio album, "Natsumelo," in 2017.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In the Philippines, country music has found their way into Cordilleran way of life, which often compares the Igorot lifestyle to that of US cowboys. Baguio City has an FM station that caters to country music, DZWR 99.9 Country, which is part of the Catholic Media Network. Bombo Radyo Baguio has a segment on its Sunday slot for Igorot, Ilocano and country music. And as of recently, DWUB occasionally plays country music.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Several US television networks are at least partly devoted to the genre: Country Music Television (the first channel devoted to country music) and CMT Music (both owned by Paramount Global), RFD-TV and The Cowboy Channel (both owned by Rural Media Group), Heartland (owned by Get After It Media), Circle (a joint venture of the "Grand Ole Opry" and Gray Television), and The Country Network (owned by TCN Country, LLC).

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: In the past, country music had an extensive presence, especially on the Canadian national broadcaster, CBC Television. The show "Don Messer's Jubilee" significantly affected country music in Canada; for instance, it was the program that launched Anne Murray's career. Gordie Tapp's "Country Hoedown" and its successor, "The Tommy Hunter Show", ran for a combined 36 years on the CBC, from 1956 to 1992; in its last nine years on air, the U.S. cable network TNN carried Hunter's show.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: The only network dedicated to country music in Australia was the Country Music Channel owned by Foxtel. It ceased operations in June 2020 and was replaced by CMT (owned by Network 10 parent company Paramount Networks UK & Australia).

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: One music video channel is now dedicated to country music in the United Kingdom: Spotlight TV, owned by Canis Media.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Country music

Context: Computer science and music experts identified issues with algorithms on streaming services such as Spotify and Apple Music, specifically the categorical homogenization of music curation and metadata within larger genres such as country music. Musicians and songs from minority heritage styles, such as Appalachian, Cajun, New Mexico, and Tejano music, underperform on these platforms due to underrepresentation and miscategorization of these subgenres.

Question: カントリー歌手はどこで発祥した？


Oceanography

Context: Humans first acquired knowledge of the waves and currents of the seas and oceans in pre-historic times. Observations on tides were recorded by Aristotle and Strabo in 384-322 BC. Early exploration of the oceans was primarily for cartography and mainly limited to its surfaces and of the animals that fishermen brought up in nets, though depth soundings by lead line were taken.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: The Portuguese campaign of Atlantic navigation is the earliest example of a systematic scientific large project, sustained over many decades, studying the currents and winds of the Atlantic.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: His credibility rests on being personally involved in the instruction of pilots and senior seafarers from 1527 onwards by Royal appointment, along with his recognized competence as mathematician and astronomer.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: Although Juan Ponce de León in 1513 first identified the Gulf Stream, and the current was well known to mariners, Benjamin Franklin made the first scientific study of it and gave it its name. Franklin measured water temperatures during several Atlantic crossings and correctly explained the Gulf Stream's cause. Franklin and Timothy Folger printed the first map of the Gulf Stream in 1769–1770.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: Sir James Clark Ross took the first modern sounding in deep sea in 1840, and Charles Darwin published a paper on reefs and the formation of atolls as a result of the second voyage of HMS "Beagle" in 1831–1836. Robert FitzRoy published a four-volume report of "Beagle"s three voyages. In 1841–1842 Edward Forbes undertook dredging in the Aegean Sea that founded marine ecology.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: The first superintendent of the United States Naval Observatory (1842–1861), Matthew Fontaine Maury devoted his time to the study of marine meteorology, navigation, and charting prevailing winds and currents. His 1855 textbook "Physical Geography of the Sea" was one of the first comprehensive oceanography studies. Many nations sent oceanographic observations to Maury at the Naval Observatory, where he and his colleagues evaluated the information and distributed the results worldwide.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: In 1881 the geographer John Francon Williams published a seminal book, "Geography of the Oceans". Between 1907 and 1911 Otto Krümmel published the "Handbuch der Ozeanographie", which became influential in awakening public interest in oceanography. The four-month 1910 North Atlantic expedition headed by John Murray and Johan Hjort was the most ambitious research oceanographic and marine zoological project ever mounted until then, and led to the classic 1912 book "The Depths of the Ocean".

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: The first acoustic measurement of sea depth was made in 1914. Between 1925 and 1927 the "Meteor" expedition gathered 70,000 ocean depth measurements using an echo sounder, surveying the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: Sverdrup, Johnson and Fleming published "The Oceans" in 1942, which was a major landmark. "The Sea" (in three volumes, covering physical oceanography, seawater and geology) edited by M.N. Hill was published in 1962, while Rhodes Fairbridge's "Encyclopedia of Oceanography" was published in 1966.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: The Great Global Rift, running along the Mid Atlantic Ridge, was discovered by Maurice Ewing and Bruce Heezen in 1953 and mapped by Heezen and Marie Tharp using bathymetric data; in 1954 a mountain range under the Arctic Ocean was found by the Arctic Institute of the USSR. The theory of seafloor spreading was developed in 1960 by Harry Hammond Hess. The Ocean Drilling Program started in 1966. Deep-sea vents were discovered in 1977 by Jack Corliss and Robert Ballard in the submersible .

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: In the 1950s, Auguste Piccard invented the bathyscaphe and used the bathyscaphe to investigate the ocean's depths. The United States nuclear submarine made the first journey under the ice to the North Pole in 1958. In 1962 the FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform), a spar buoy, was first deployed.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: In 1968, Tanya Atwater led the first all-woman oceanographic expedition. Until that time, gender policies restricted women oceanographers from participating in voyages to a significant extent.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: From the 1970s, there has been much emphasis on the application of large scale computers to oceanography to allow numerical predictions of ocean conditions and as a part of overall environmental change prediction. Early techniques included analog computers (such as the Ishiguro Storm Surge Computer) generally now replaced by numerical methods (eg SLOSH.) An oceanographic buoy array was established in the Pacific to allow prediction of El Niño events.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: 1990 saw the start of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) which continued until 2002. Geosat seafloor mapping data became available in 1995.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: In general, understanding the world ocean through further scientific study enables better stewardship and sustainable utilization of Earth's resources.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: Biological oceanography investigates the ecology and biology of marine organisms in the context of the physical, chemical and geological characteristics of their ocean environment.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: Chemical oceanography is the study of the chemistry of the ocean. Whereas chemical oceanography is primarily occupied with the study and understanding of seawater properties and its changes, ocean chemistry focuses primarily on the geochemical cycles. The following is a central topic investigated by chemical oceanography.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: The current rate of ocean chemistry change seems to be unprecedented in Earth's geological history, making it unclear how well marine ecosystems will adapt to the shifting conditions of the near future. Of particular concern is the manner in which the combination of acidification with the expected additional stressors of higher temperatures and lower oxygen levels will impact the seas.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: Geological oceanography is the study of the geology of the ocean floor including plate tectonics and paleoceanography.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: Physical oceanography studies the ocean's physical attributes including temperature-salinity structure, mixing, surface waves, internal waves, surface tides, internal tides, and currents. The following are central topics investigated by physical oceanography.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: Oceanic heat content (OHC) refers to the extra heat stored in the ocean from changes in Earth's energy balance. The increase in the ocean heat play an important role in sea level rise, because of thermal expansion. Ocean warming accounts for 90% of the energy accumulation associated with global warming since 1971.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Oceanography

Context: Paleoceanography is the study of the history of the oceans in the geologic past with regard to circulation, chemistry, biology, geology and patterns of sedimentation and biological productivity. Paleoceanographic studies using environment models and different proxies enable the scientific community to assess the role of the oceanic processes in the global climate by the reconstruction of past climate at various intervals. Paleoceanographic research is also intimately tied to palaeoclimatology.

Question: 海洋学の起源はいつ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world, with 2.8 billion and 1.9 billion adherents, respectively. Both religions are considered as Abrahamic, and are monotheistic, originating in the Middle East.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Muslims view Christians to be People of the Book, and also regard them as kafirs (unbelievers) committing shirk (polytheism) because of the Trinity, and thus, contend that they must be dhimmis (religious taxpayers) under Sharia law. Christians similarly possess a wide range of views about Islam. The majority of Christians view Islam as a false religion due to the fact that its adherents reject the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, and the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Christ.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Muslims and Christians both believe that Jesus was born to Mary, a virgin. They both also believe that Jesus is the Messiah. However, they differ on other key issues regarding Jesus. Christians believe that Jesus was the incarnated Son of God, divine, and sinless. Islam teaches that Jesus was one of the most important prophets of God, but not the Son of God, not divine, and not part of the Trinity. Rather, Muslims believe the creation of Jesus was similar to the creation of Adam (Adem).

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Muslims revere Muhammad as the embodiment of the perfect believer and take his actions and sayings as a model of ideal conduct. Unlike Jesus, who Christians believe was God's son, Muhammad was a mortal, albeit with extraordinary qualities. Today many Muslims believe that it is wrong to represent Muhammad, but this was not always the case. At various times and places pious Muslims represented Muhammad although they never worshiped these images.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Christians and Muslims have differing views about the Holy Spirit. Most Christians believe that the Holy Spirit is God, and the third member of the Trinity. In Islam, the Holy Spirit is generally believed to be the angel Gabriel. Most Christians believe that the Paraclete referred to in the Gospel of John, who was manifested on the day of Pentecost, is the Holy Spirit. Most Muslims believe that the reference to the Paraclete is a prophecy of the coming of Muhammad.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: The Catechism of the Catholic Church, the official doctrine document released by the Roman Catholic Church, has this to say regarding Muslims:

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Protestant theology mostly emphasizes the necessity of faith in Jesus as a savior in order for salvation. Muslims may receive salvation in theologies relating to Universal reconciliation, but will not according to most Protestant theologies based on justification through faith:

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: The Quran explicitly promises salvation for all those righteous Christians who were there before the arrival of Muhammad:

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: The Quran also makes it clear that the Christians will be nearest in love to those who follow the Quran and praises Christians for being humble and wise:

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Theophanes the Confessor (died c.822) wrote a series of chronicles (284 onwards and 602-813 AD) based initially on those of the better known George Syncellus. Theophanes reports about Muhammad thus:

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: In the work "A History of Christian-Muslim Relations" Hugh Goddard mentions both John of Damascus and Theophanes and goes on to consider the relevance of Nicetas of Byzantium who formulated replies to letters on behalf of Emperor Michael III (842-867). Goddard sums up Nicetas' view:

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Goddard further argues that Nicetas demonstrates in his work a knowledge of the entire Quran, including an extensive knowledge of Suras 2-18. Nicetas' account from behind the Byzantine frontier apparently set a strong precedent for later writing both in tone and points of argument.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: In Dante Alighieri's "Divine Comedy", Muhammad is in the ninth ditch of Malebolge, the eighth realm, designed for those who have caused schism; specifically, he was placed among the Sowers of Religious Discord. Muhammad is portrayed as split in half, with his entrails hanging out, representing his status as a heresiarch (Canto 28).

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: This scene is frequently shown in illustrations of the "Divine Comedy". Muhammad is represented in a 15th-century fresco "Last Judgment" by Giovanni da Modena and drawing on Dante, in the San Petronio Basilica in Bologna, as well as in artwork by Salvador Dalí, Auguste Rodin, William Blake, and Gustave Doré.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: The period between the first and second sessions saw the change of pontiff from Pope John XXIII to Pope Paul VI, who had been a member of the circle (the "Badaliya") of the Islamologist Louis Massignon. Pope Paul VI chose to follow the path recommended by Maximos IV and he therefore established commissions to introduce what would become paragraphs on the Muslims in two different documents, one of them being "Nostra aetate", paragraph three, the other being "Lumen gentium", paragraph 16.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: The text of the final draft bore traces of Massignon's influence. The reference to Mary, for example, resulted from the intervention of Monsignor Descuffi, the Latin archbishop of Smyrna with whom Massignon collaborated in reviving the cult of Mary at Smyrna. The commendation of Muslim prayer may reflect the influence of the Badaliya.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: In "Lumen gentium", the Second Vatican Council declares that the plan of salvation also includes Muslims, due to their professed monotheism.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Protestantism and Islam entered into contact during the 16th century, at a time when Protestant movements in northern Europe coincided with the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in southern Europe. As both were in conflict with the Catholic Holy Roman Empire, numerous exchanges occurred, exploring religious similarities and the possibility of trade and military alliances. Relations became more conflictual in the early modern and modern periods, although recent attempts have been made at rapprochement.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Christianity and Druze are Abrahamic religions that share a historical traditional connection with some major theological differences. The two faiths share a common place of origin in the Middle East, and consider themselves to be monotheistic. Even though the faith originally developed out of Ismaili Islam, Druze do not identify as Muslim.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: The relationship between the Druze and Christians has been characterized by harmony and coexistence, with amicable relations between the two groups prevailing throughout history, with the exception of some periods, including 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war. Over the centuries a number of the Druze embraced Christianity, such as some of Shihab dynasty members, as well as the Abi-Lamma clan.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Contact between Christians (members of the Maronite, Eastern Orthodox, Melkite and other churches) and the Unitarian Druze led to the presence of mixed villages and towns in Mount Lebanon, Jabal al-Druze, Galilee, and Mount Carmel. The Maronites and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century, through the ruling and social system known as the "Maronite-Druze dualism" in Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Both faiths give a prominent place to Jesus: Jesus is the central figure of Christianity, and in the Druze faith, Jesus is considered an important prophet of God, being among the seven prophets who appeared in different periods of history. Both religions venerated John the Baptist, Saint George, Elijah, and other common figures.

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Christianity and Islam

Context: Islamic art and culture have both influenced and been influenced by Christian art and culture. Some arts have received such influence strongly, particularly religious architecture in the Byzantine and medieval eras

Question: キリスト教の発祥はどこ


Pager

Context: A pager (also known as a beeper or bleeper) is a wireless telecommunications device that receives and displays alphanumeric or voice messages. One-way pagers can only receive messages, while response pagers and two-way pagers can also acknowledge, reply to and originate messages using an internal transmitter.

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Pager

Context: Pagers operate as part of a paging system which includes one or more fixed transmitters (or in the case of response pagers and two-way pagers, one or more base stations), as well as a number of pagers carried by mobile users. These systems can range from a restaurant system with a single low-power transmitter, to a nationwide system with thousands of high-power base stations.

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Pager

Context: In Japanese, it's commonly called a pocket bell (ポケットベル, "poketto beru") or "pokeberu" (ポケベル), which is an example of "wasei-eigo".

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Pager

Context: While Motorola announced the end of its new pager manufacturing in 2001, pagers remained in use in large hospital complexes. First responders in rural areas with inadequate cellular coverage are often issued pagers.

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Pager

Context: Restaurant pagers were in wide use in the 2000s. Customers were given a portable receiver that would usually vibrate, flash, or beep when a table became free or when their meal was ready. Pagers have been popular with birdwatchers in Britain and Ireland since 1991, with companies Rare Bird Alert and Birdnet Information offering news of rare birds sent to pagers that they sell.

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Pager

Context: The U.S. paging industry generated $2.1 billion in revenue in 2008, down from $6.2 billion in 2003. In Canada, 161,500 Canadians paid $18.5 million for pager service in 2013. Telus, one of the three major mobile carriers, announced the end to its Canadian pager service as of 31 March 2015, but rivals Bell, Rogers and PageNet intend to continue service.

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Pager

Context: Today, companies like Visiplex offer similar solutions for onsite pager systems in the medical, education and commercial sectors.

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Pager

Context: In Japan, more than ten million pagers were active in 1996. On 1 October 2019, Japan's last paging service provider shut down radio signals and terminated its service.

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Pager

Context: Pagers themselves vary from very cheap and simple beepers, to more complex personal communications equipment, falling into eight main categories.

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Pager

Context: Illicit drug dealers used pagers to great effect during the 1990s to conduct commerce, using them to arrange meetings with buyers. Associate superintendent for Dade County Public Schools in Florida James Fleming once called them "the most dominant symbol of the drug trade" and schools have previously forbidden students from carrying them because of the ease with which they could be "used to arrange illegal drug sales."

Question: ページング方式を作ったのは誰


Saturn

Context: The planet's most notable feature is its prominent ring system, which is composed mainly of ice particles, with a smaller amount of rocky debris and dust. At least 83 moons are known to orbit Saturn, of which 53 are officially named; this does not include the hundreds of moonlets in its rings. Titan, Saturn's largest moon and the second largest in the Solar System, is larger than the planet Mercury, although less massive, and is the only moon in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Saturn is named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture and father of Jupiter. Its astronomical symbol () has been traced back to the Greek Oxyrhynchus Papyri, where it can be seen to be a Greek kappa-rho with a horizontal stroke, as an abbreviation for "Κρονος" (Cronus), the Greek name for the planet.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: It later came to look like a lower-case Greek eta, with the cross added at the top in the 16th century to Christianize this pagan symbol.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: The Romans named the seventh day of the week Saturday, "Sāturni diēs" ("Saturn's Day"), for the planet Saturn.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Saturn is the only planet of the Solar System that is less dense than water—about 30% less. Although Saturn's core is considerably denser than water, the average specific density of the planet is due to the atmosphere. Jupiter has 318 times Earth's mass, and Saturn is 95 times Earth's mass. Together, Jupiter and Saturn hold 92% of the total planetary mass in the Solar System.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Despite consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium, most of Saturn's mass is not in the gas phase, because hydrogen becomes a non-ideal liquid when the density is above , which is reached at a radius containing 99.9% of Saturn's mass. The temperature, pressure, and density inside Saturn all rise steadily toward the core, which causes hydrogen to be a metal in the deeper layers.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Saturn's atmosphere exhibits a banded pattern similar to Jupiter's, but Saturn's bands are much fainter and are much wider near the equator. The nomenclature used to describe these bands is the same as on Jupiter. Saturn's finer cloud patterns were not observed until the flybys of the "Voyager" spacecraft during the 1980s. Since then, Earth-based telescopy has improved to the point where regular observations can be made.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: HST imaging of the south polar region indicates the presence of a jet stream, but no strong polar vortex nor any hexagonal standing wave. NASA reported in November 2006 that "Cassini" had observed a "hurricane-like" storm locked to the south pole that had a clearly defined eyewall. Eyewall clouds had not previously been seen on any planet other than Earth. For example, images from the "Galileo" spacecraft did not show an eyewall in the Great Red Spot of Jupiter.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: The south pole storm may have been present for billions of years. This vortex is comparable to the size of Earth, and it has winds of 550 km/h.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: "Cassini" observed a series of cloud features found in northern latitudes, nicknamed the "String of Pearls". These features are cloud clearings that reside in deeper cloud layers.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: A precise value for the rotation period of the interior remains elusive. While approaching Saturn in 2004, "Cassini" found that the radio rotation period of Saturn had increased appreciably, to approximately . An estimate of Saturn's rotation (as an indicated rotation rate for Saturn as a whole) based on a compilation of various measurements from the "Cassini", "Voyager" and "Pioneer" probes is . Studies of the planet's C Ring yield a rotation period of  .

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: In March 2007, it was found that the variation of radio emissions from the planet did not match Saturn's rotation rate. This variance may be caused by geyser activity on Saturn's moon Enceladus. The water vapor emitted into Saturn's orbit by this activity becomes charged and creates a drag upon Saturn's magnetic field, slowing its rotation slightly relative to the rotation of the planet.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: An apparent oddity for Saturn is that it does not have any known trojan asteroids. These are minor planets that orbit the Sun at the stable Lagrangian points, designated L4 and L5, located at 60° angles to the planet along its orbit. Trojan asteroids have been discovered for Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune. Orbital resonance mechanisms, including secular resonance, are believed to be the cause of the missing Saturnian trojans.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Saturn has 83 known moons, 53 of which have formal names. In addition, there is evidence of dozens to hundreds of moonlets with diameters of 40–500 meters in Saturn's rings, which are not considered to be true moons. Titan, the largest moon, comprises more than 90% of the mass in orbit around Saturn, including the rings. Saturn's second-largest moon, Rhea, may have a tenuous ring system of its own, along with a tenuous atmosphere.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Many of the other moons are small: 34 are less than 10 km in diameter and another 14 between 10 and 50 km in diameter. Traditionally, most of Saturn's moons have been named after Titans of Greek mythology. Titan is the only satellite in the Solar System with a major atmosphere, in which a complex organic chemistry occurs. It is the only satellite with hydrocarbon lakes.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: On 6 June 2013, scientists at the IAA-CSIC reported the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the upper atmosphere of Titan, a possible precursor for life. On 23 June 2014, NASA claimed to have strong evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan came from materials in the Oort cloud, associated with comets, and not from the materials that formed Saturn in earlier times.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Saturn's moon Enceladus, which seems similar in chemical makeup to comets, has often been regarded as a potential habitat for microbial life. Evidence of this possibility includes the satellite's salt-rich particles having an "ocean-like" composition that indicates most of Enceladus's expelled ice comes from the evaporation of liquid salt water. A 2015 flyby by "Cassini" through a plume on Enceladus found most of the ingredients to sustain life forms that live by methanogenesis.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: In April 2014, NASA scientists reported the possible beginning of a new moon within the A Ring, which was imaged by "Cassini" on 15 April 2013.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Saturn is probably best known for the system of planetary rings that makes it visually unique. The rings extend from outward from Saturn's equator and average approximately in thickness. They are composed predominantly of water ice, with trace amounts of tholin impurities and a peppered coating of approximately 7% amorphous carbon. The particles that make up the rings range in size from specks of dust up to 10 m. While the other gas giants also have ring systems, Saturn's is the largest and most visible.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: There are two main hypotheses regarding the origin of the rings. One hypothesis is that the rings are remnants of a destroyed moon of Saturn. The second hypothesis is that the rings are left over from the original nebular material from which Saturn was formed. Some ice in the E ring comes from the moon Enceladus's geysers. The water abundance of the rings varies radially, with the outermost ring A being the most pure in ice water. This abundance variance may be explained by meteor bombardment.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Beyond the main rings, at a distance of 12 million km from the planet is the sparse Phoebe ring. It is tilted at an angle of 27° to the other rings and, like Phoebe, orbits in retrograde fashion.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Some of the moons of Saturn, including Pandora and Prometheus, act as shepherd moons to confine the rings and prevent them from spreading out. Pan and Atlas cause weak, linear density waves in Saturn's rings that have yielded more reliable calculations of their masses.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: The Greek scientist Ptolemy based his calculations of Saturn's orbit on observations he made while it was in opposition. In Hindu astrology, there are nine astrological objects, known as Navagrahas. Saturn is known as "Shani" and judges everyone based on the good and bad deeds performed in life. Ancient Chinese and Japanese culture designated the planet Saturn as the "earth star" (). This was based on Five Elements which were traditionally used to classify natural elements.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: In ancient Hebrew, Saturn is called "Shabbathai". Its angel is Cassiel. Its intelligence or beneficial spirit is 'Agȋȇl (), and its darker spirit (demon) is Zȃzȇl (). Zazel has been described as a great angel, invoked in Solomonic magic, who is "effective in love conjurations". In Ottoman Turkish, Urdu, and Malay, the name of Zazel is 'Zuhal', derived from the Arabic language ().

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: No further discoveries of significance were made until 1789 when William Herschel discovered two further moons, Mimas and Enceladus. The irregularly shaped satellite Hyperion, which has a resonance with Titan, was discovered in 1848 by a British team.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: In 1899 William Henry Pickering discovered Phoebe, a highly irregular satellite that does not rotate synchronously with Saturn as the larger moons do. Phoebe was the first such satellite found and it takes more than a year to orbit Saturn in a retrograde orbit. During the early 20th century, research on Titan led to the confirmation in 1944 that it had a thick atmosphere – a feature unique among the Solar System's moons.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Almost a year later, in August 1981, "Voyager 2" continued the study of the Saturn system. More close-up images of Saturn's moons were acquired, as well as evidence of changes in the atmosphere and the rings. Unfortunately, during the flyby, the probe's turnable camera platform stuck for a couple of days and some planned imaging was lost. Saturn's gravity was used to direct the spacecraft's trajectory towards Uranus.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: The probes discovered and confirmed several new satellites orbiting near or within the planet's rings, as well as the small Maxwell Gap (a gap within the C Ring) and Keeler gap (a 42 km-wide gap in the A Ring).

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: The "Cassini–Huygens" space probe entered orbit around Saturn on 1 July 2004. In June 2004, it conducted a close flyby of Phoebe, sending back high-resolution images and data. "Cassini" flyby of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, captured radar images of large lakes and their coastlines with numerous islands and mountains. The orbiter completed two Titan flybys before releasing the "Huygens" probe on 25 December 2004. "Huygens" descended onto the surface of Titan on 14 January 2005.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: Starting in early 2005, scientists used "Cassini" to track lightning on Saturn. The power of the lightning is approximately 1,000 times that of lightning on Earth.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: In 2006, NASA reported that "Cassini" had found evidence of liquid water reservoirs no more than tens of meters below the surface that erupt in geysers on Saturn's moon Enceladus. These jets of icy particles are emitted into orbit around Saturn from vents in the moon's south polar region. Over 100 geysers have been identified on Enceladus. In May 2011, NASA scientists reported that Enceladus "is emerging as the most habitable spot beyond Earth in the Solar System for life as we know it".

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: From 2004 to 2 November 2009, the probe discovered and confirmed eight new satellites. In April 2013 "Cassini" sent back images of a hurricane at the planet's north pole 20 times larger than those found on Earth, with winds faster than . On 15 September 2017, the "Cassini-Huygens" spacecraft performed the "Grand Finale" of its mission: a number of passes through gaps between Saturn and Saturn's inner rings. The atmospheric entry of "Cassini" ended the mission.

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Saturn

Context: The continued exploration of Saturn is still considered to be a viable option for NASA as part of their ongoing New Frontiers program of missions. NASA previously requested for plans to be put forward for a mission to Saturn that included the Saturn Atmospheric Entry Probe, and possible investigations into the habitability and possible discovery of life on Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus by "Dragonfly".

Question: サターンIの大きさは？


Teatro Olimpico

Context: Palladio, a founder of the Olympic Academy (the "Accademia Olimpica", created in 1555), had already designed temporary theatre structures at various locations in the city. The most notable of these had been erected some seventeen years previously in the great hall of the Basilica Palladiana.

Question: アンドレーア・パッラーディオの最期の建築は何


Teatro Olimpico

Context: Palladio died in August 1580, only six months after construction had started on the theatre. Despite this setback, construction continued, with Palladio's sketches and drawings serving as a guide, and Palladio's son, Silla, taking charge of the project. Soon, the other prominent Vicentine architect, Vincenzo Scamozzi, was called upon to complete the project.

Question: アンドレーア・パッラーディオの最期の建築は何


Teatro Olimpico

Context: Scamozzi had already stepped in to complete Palladio's other great unfinished project, the villa just east of Vicenza that is today known as Villa Capra "La Rotonda". It is a mark of Scamozzi's genius that both these projects are today regarded as being among Palladio's most successfully executed works.

Question: アンドレーア・パッラーディオの最期の建築は何


Teatro Olimpico

Context: Scamozzi's contributions include the "Odèo" and "Antiodèo" rooms, as well as the entrance archway which leads from the street, through an old medieval wall into the courtyard of the old fortress.

Question: アンドレーア・パッラーディオの最期の建築は何


Teatro Olimpico

Context: In order to make the archway fit with its surroundings, and to prepare visitors to the theatre for the transformation from medieval to classical surroundings, Scamozzi built the archway to be the same size and shape as the "porta regia" or triumphal arch at the center of the "scaenae frons" or rear wall of the stage. However, the entrance archway was rusticated to make it fit with the rough and well-worn wall into which it was being inserted.

Question: アンドレーア・パッラーディオの最期の建築は何


Teatro Olimpico

Context: However, Scamozzi's most famous and most original contribution to the theatre was his elaborate stage set, with its remarkable "trompe-l'œil" street views. He not only designed the sets, but also put considerable effort into designing the lighting that permitted the make-believe houses of the stage scenery to be lit from within, completing the illusion that these were real streets.

Question: アンドレーア・パッラーディオの最期の建築は何


Teatro Olimpico

Context: Therefore, Palladio can be given credit for having inspired the remarkable perspectives which are visible to the audience through the central archway of the "scaenae frons" (also known as the "porta regia") and also through the smaller side openings, but it is also appropriate to regard Scamozzi as the technical genius behind their remarkably successful execution.

Question: アンドレーア・パッラーディオの最期の建築は何


Teatro Olimpico

Context: The Theatre has been used as a filming location for films such as "Don Giovanni" (1979) and "Casanova" (2005).

Question: アンドレーア・パッラーディオの最期の建築は何


Teatro Olimpico

Context: Vicenza American High School, a military base located on Caserma Ederle in Vicenza, on occasions used the theater for commencement exercises for the graduating classes for a number of years, including, but not limited to the late 1970s and early 1980s. However, as class sizes significantly increased, they have stopped using the theater for graduation ceremonies.

Question: アンドレーア・パッラーディオの最期の建築は何


Samuel Insull

Context: Samuel Insull (November 11, 1859 – July 16, 1938) was a British-born American business magnate. He was an innovator and investor based in Chicago who greatly contributed to create an integrated electrical infrastructure in the United States. Insull created holding companies that purchased utilities and railroads. Insull was responsible for the building of the Chicago Civic Opera House in 1929.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: Due to the Great Depression, his vast Midwest holding company empire collapsed, and he was accused of profiting personally by selling worthless stock to unsuspecting investors who trusted him because of his position and reputation. Following a seven-week trial, he and 16 co-defendants were acquitted of all charges after two hours of jury deliberation.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: In 1897, he incorporated another electric utility, the Commonwealth Electric Light & Power Co. In 1907, Insull's two companies formally merged to create the Commonwealth Edison Co.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: During a Chicago meeting on October 8, 1918, he introduced Professor Thomas Garrigue Masaryk as the president of the future Czechoslovak Republic, de facto.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: As more people became connected to the electric grid, Insull's company, which had an exclusive franchise from the city, grew steadily. By 1920, when it used more than two million tons of coal annually, the company's 6,000 employees served about 500,000 customers. Annual revenues reached nearly $40 million. During the 1920s, its largest generating stations included one on Fisk Street and West 22nd and one on Crawford Avenue and the Sanitary Canal.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: Insull began purchasing portions of the utility infrastructure of the city. When it became clear that Westinghouse's support of alternating current would win over Edison's direct current, Insull switched his support to AC in the war of the currents.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: The Wall Street Crash of 1929 and ensuing Great Depression, caused the collapse of Insull's public utility holding company empire.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: When Insull's fortune started to fade, he sold both WENR and WBCN along with W9XR, to the National Broadcasting Company in March 1931. Two years after its purchase of the radio stations and the mechanical television station, NBC shut W9XR just as it had done with W9XAP, which came with its purchase of WMAQ (AM).

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: At the time of their marriage, Insull was 41 and Gladys was 24. She had been on the stage from childhood. The Insulls lived outside Libertyville, Illinois, in a Spanish Revival mansion with extensive grounds now known as the Cuneo Museum, in Vernon Hills. They also had an apartment at 1100 North Lake Shore Drive in the city and a furnished suite at the Civic Opera House. The Insulls had one son, Samuel Jr.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: Insull controlled an empire of $500 million with only $27 million in equity. (Due to the highly leveraged structure of Insull's holdings, he is sometimes wrongly credited with the invention of the holding company.) His holding company collapsed during the Great Depression, wiping out the life savings of 600,000 shareholders. This led to the enactment of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: Insull fled the country, initially to France. When the United States asked French authorities that he be extradited, Insull moved to Greece, where there was not yet an extradition treaty with the US. He was later arrested and extradited to the United States by Turkey in 1934 to face federal prosecution on mail fraud and antitrust charges. He was defended by Chicago lawyer Floyd Thompson and found not guilty on all counts.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: Often regarded as a fictionalized biography of William Randolph Hearst, Orson Welles's film "Citizen Kane" is, in part, inspired by the life of Samuel Insull.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: "It was a real man who built an opera house for the soprano of his choice, and much in the movie was borrowed from that story," Welles wrote. Welles gave Maurice Seiderman a photograph of Insull, with mustache, to use as a model for the makeup design of the old Charles Foster Kane.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: He was outraged by the spectacle of a 56-year-old millionairess playing a gleeful 18-year-old, the whole production bought for her like a trinket by a man Herman knew to be an unscrupulous manipulator. Herman began to write: "Miss Gladys Wallis, an aging, hopelessly incompetent amateur, opened last night in ..." Then Herman passed out, slumped over the top of his typewriter.

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Samuel Insull

Context: Mankiewicz resurrected the experience in writing the screenplay for "Citizen Kane", incorporating it into the narrative of drama critic Jedediah Leland. After Kane's second wife makes her catastrophic opera debut, Leland returns to the press room and passes out over the top of his typewriter after writing the first sentence of his review: "Miss Susan Alexander, a pretty but hopelessly incompetent amateur ..."

Question: サミュエル・インスルの出身はどこ


Thomas Sutton (physician)

Context: Sutton was born in Staffordshire, England about 1767. He studied medicine in London, England, Edinburgh, Scotland, and Leiden, The Netherlands, which granted him an M.D. in 1787. He became a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians in 1790. He served in the Army and then settled in Greenwich, England to become a consultant at the Kent Dispensary and to practice medicine.

Question: 振戦せん妄を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thomas Sutton (physician)

Context: Sutton, Thomas. "Dissertatio medica inauguralis de febre intermittente ..." [Leyden], Lugduni Batavorum, Fratres Murray, 1787.

Question: 振戦せん妄を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thomas Sutton (physician)

Context: Sutton, Thomas. "A Practical Account of a Remittent Fever, Frequently Occurring among the Troops in this Climate". Canterbury, Printed by James Simmons, 1806.

Question: 振戦せん妄を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thomas Sutton (physician)

Context: Sutton, Thomas. "Tracts on Delirium Tremens, on Peritonitis, and on Some other Internal Inflammatory Affections, and on the Gout". London, Underwood, 1813. https://archive.org/details/tractsondelirium00sutt

Question: 振戦せん妄を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thomas Sutton (physician)

Context: Sutton, Thomas. "On the Effects of Temperature in Pulmonary Consumption," "The Medical and Physical Journal" (1815): 89-97.

Question: 振戦せん妄を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thomas Sutton (physician)

Context: Sutton, Thomas. "On the Influence of Climate in Pulmonary Consumption," "The Medical and Physical Journal" (1817): 456-466.

Question: 振戦せん妄を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thomas Sutton (physician)

Context: Sutton, Thomas. "Abhandlung über das Delirium tremens. Aus dem Englischen übers. von Philipp Heineken". Bremen, Kaiser, 1820.

Question: 振戦せん妄を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thomas Sutton (physician)

Context: Sutton, Thomas. "On the advantages of Milk as a Food in Fever," "The London Medical Repository and Review" (1822): 194-196.

Question: 振戦せん妄を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thomas Sutton (physician)

Context: Hunter, Richard A., and Ida McAlpine. "Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry, 1535-1860: A History Presented in Selected English Texts". London: Oxford University Press, 1963.

Question: 振戦せん妄を初めて診断した医師は誰


Nihilism

Context: Nihilism (; ) is a philosophy, or family of views within philosophy, that rejects generally accepted or fundamental aspects of human existence, such as objective truth, knowledge, morality, values or meaning. Different nihilist positions hold variously that human values are baseless, that life is meaningless, that knowledge is impossible, or that some set of entities do not exist or are meaningless or pointless.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: Religious scholars such as Altizer have stated that nihilism must necessarily be understood in relation to religion, and that the study of core elements of its character requires fundamentally theological consideration.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: The Buddha further states that those who hold these views will fail to see the virtue in good mental, verbal, and bodily conduct and the corresponding dangers in misconduct, and will therefore tend towards the latter.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: The culmination of the path that the Buddha taught was "nirvana", "a place of nothingness…nonpossession and…non-attachment…[which is] the total end of death and decay." Ajahn Amaro, an ordained Buddhist monk of more than 40 years, observes that in English "nothingness" can sound like nihilism. However, the word could be emphasized in a different way, so that it becomes "no-thingness", indicating that nirvana is not a thing you can find, but rather a state where you experience the reality of non-grasping.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: The "Aggi-Vacchagotta Sutta" records a conversation between the Buddha and an individual named Vaccha that further elaborates on this. In the sutta, Vaccha asks the Buddha to confirm one of the following, with respect to the existence of the Buddha after death:

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) posited an early form of nihilism, which he referred to as "leveling". He saw leveling as the process of suppressing individuality to a point where an individual's uniqueness becomes non-existent and nothing meaningful in one's existence can be affirmed:

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: Nihilism is often associated with the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, who provided a detailed diagnosis of nihilism as a widespread phenomenon of Western culture. Though the notion appears frequently throughout Nietzsche's work, he uses the term in a variety of ways, with different meanings and connotations.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: Nietzsche's relation to the problem of nihilism is a complex one. He approaches the problem of nihilism as deeply personal, stating that this predicament of the modern world is a problem that has "become conscious" in him. According to Nietzsche, it is only when nihilism is "overcome" that a culture can have a true foundation upon which to thrive. He wished to hasten its coming only so that he could also hasten its ultimate departure.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: Martin Heidegger's interpretation of Nietzsche influenced many postmodern thinkers who investigated the problem of nihilism as put forward by Nietzsche. Only recently has Heidegger's influence on Nietzschean nihilism research faded. As early as the 1930s, Heidegger was giving lectures on Nietzsche's thought. Given the importance of Nietzsche's contribution to the topic of nihilism, Heidegger's influential interpretation of Nietzsche is important for the historical development of the term "nihilism".

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: Heidegger, in his interpretation of Nietzsche, has been inspired by Ernst Jünger. Many references to Jünger can be found in Heidegger's lectures on Nietzsche. For example, in a letter to the rector of Freiburg University of November 4, 1945, Heidegger, inspired by Jünger, tries to explain the notion of "God is dead" as the "reality of the Will to Power." Heidegger also praises Jünger for defending Nietzsche against a too biological or anthropological reading during the Nazi era.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: Postmodern and poststructuralist thought has questioned the very grounds on which Western cultures have based their 'truths': absolute knowledge and meaning, a 'decentralization' of authorship, the accumulation of positive knowledge, historical progress, and certain ideals and practices of humanism and the Enlightenment.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: In lieu of meta-narratives we have created new language-games in order to legitimize our claims which rely on changing relationships and mutable truths, none of which is privileged over the other to speak to ultimate truth.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: Postmodern theorist Jean Baudrillard wrote briefly of nihilism from the postmodern viewpoint in "Simulacra and Simulation". He stuck mainly to topics of interpretations of the real world over the simulations of which the real world is composed. The uses of meaning were an important subject in Baudrillard's discussion of nihilism:

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: From the 20th century, nihilism has encompassed a range of positions within various fields of philosophy. Each of these, as the "Encyclopædia Britannica" states, "denied the existence of genuine moral truths or values, rejected the possibility of knowledge or communication, and asserted the ultimate meaninglessness or purposelessness of life or of the universe."

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: The term "Dada" was first used by Richard Huelsenbeck and Tristan Tzara in 1916. The movement, which lasted from approximately 1916 to 1923, arose during World War I, an event that influenced the artists. The Dada Movement began in the old town of Zürich, Switzerland—known as the "Niederdorf" or "Niederdörfli"—in the Café Voltaire. The Dadaists claimed that Dada was not an art movement, but an anti-art movement, sometimes using found objects in a manner similar to found poetry.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: This tendency toward devaluation of art has led many to claim that Dada was an essentially nihilistic movement. Given that Dada created its own means for interpreting its products, it is difficult to classify alongside most other contemporary art expressions. Due to perceived ambiguity, it has been classified as a nihilistic "modus vivendi".

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: The term "nihilism" was actually popularized in 1862 by Ivan Turgenev in his novel "Fathers and Sons," whose hero, Bazarov, was a nihilist and recruited several followers to the philosophy. He found his nihilistic ways challenged upon falling in love.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: Anton Chekhov portrayed nihilism when writing "Three Sisters". The phrase "what does it matter" or variants of this are often spoken by several characters in response to events; the significance of some of these events suggests a subscription to nihilism by said characters as a type of coping strategy.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Nihilism

Context: The philosophical ideas of the French author, the Marquis de Sade, are often noted as early examples of nihilistic principles.

Question: ニヒリズムの生みの親は誰？


Lewis Carroll

Context: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, poet and mathematician. His most notable works are "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" (1865) and its sequel "Through the Looking-Glass" (1871). He was noted for his facility with word play, logic, and fantasy. His poems "Jabberwocky" (1871) and "The Hunting of the Snark" (1876) are classified in the genre of literary nonsense.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: Carroll came from a family of high-church Anglicans, and developed a long relationship with Christ Church, Oxford, where he lived for most of his life as a scholar and teacher. Alice Liddell, the daughter of Christ Church's dean Henry Liddell, is widely identified as the original inspiration for "Alice in Wonderland", though Carroll always denied this.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: An avid puzzler, Carroll created the word ladder puzzle (which he then called "Doublets"), which were published in his weekly column for "Vanity Fair" magazine between 1879 and 1881. In 1982, a memorial stone to Carroll was unveiled at Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. There are societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: During his early youth, Dodgson was educated at home. His "reading lists" preserved in the family archives testify to a precocious intellect: at the age of seven, he was reading books such as "The Pilgrim's Progress". He also spoke with a stammer – a condition shared by most of his siblings – that often inhibited his social life throughout his years. At the age of twelve he was sent to Richmond Grammar School (now part of Richmond School) in Richmond, North Yorkshire.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: He left Rugby at the end of 1849 and matriculated at the University of Oxford in May 1850 as a member of his father's old college, Christ Church. After waiting for rooms in college to become available, he went into residence in January 1851. He had been at Oxford only two days when he received a summons home. His mother had died of "inflammation of the brain" – perhaps meningitis or a stroke – at the age of 47.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: In March 1856, he published his first piece of work under the name that would make him famous. A romantic poem called "Solitude" appeared in "The Train" under the authorship of "Lewis Carroll". This pseudonym was a play on his real name: "Lewis" was the anglicised form of "Ludovicus", which was the Latin for "Lutwidge", and "Carroll" an Irish surname similar to the Latin name "Carolus", from which comes the name "Charles". The transition went as follows:

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: "Charles Lutwidge" translated into Latin as "Carolus Ludovicus". This was then translated back into English as "Carroll Lewis" and then reversed to make "Lewis Carroll". This pseudonym was chosen by editor Edmund Yates from a list of four submitted by Dodgson, the others being Edgar Cuthwellis, Edgar U. C. Westhill, and Louis Carroll.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: Information is scarce (Dodgson's diaries for the years 1858–1862 are missing), but it seems clear that his friendship with the Liddell family was an important part of his life in the late 1850s, and he grew into the habit of taking the children on rowing trips (first the boy Harry, and later the three girls) accompanied by an adult friend to nearby Nuneham Courtenay or Godstow.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: It was on one such expedition on 4 July 1862 that Dodgson invented the outline of the story that eventually became his first and greatest commercial success. He told the story to Alice Liddell and she begged him to write it down, and Dodgson eventually (after much delay) presented her with a handwritten, illustrated manuscript entitled "Alice's Adventures Under Ground" in November 1864.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: Late in 1871, he published the sequel "Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There". (The title page of the first edition erroneously gives "1872" as the date of publication.) Its somewhat darker mood possibly reflects changes in Dodgson's life. His father's death in 1868 plunged him into a depression that lasted some years.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: In 1856, Dodgson took up the new art form of photography under the influence first of his uncle Skeffington Lutwidge, and later of his Oxford friend Reginald Southey. He soon excelled at the art and became a well-known gentleman-photographer, and he seems even to have toyed with the idea of making a living out of it in his very early years.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: He also found photography to be a useful entrée into higher social circles. During the most productive part of his career, he made portraits of notable sitters such as John Everett Millais, Ellen Terry, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Julia Margaret Cameron, Michael Faraday, Lord Salisbury, and Alfred Tennyson.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: Another invention was a writing tablet called the nyctograph that allowed note-taking in the dark, thus eliminating the need to get out of bed and strike a light when one woke with an idea. The device consisted of a gridded card with sixteen squares and a system of symbols representing an alphabet of Dodgson's design, using letter shapes similar to the Graffiti writing system on a Palm device.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？


Lewis Carroll

Context: He also proposed alternative systems of parliamentary representation. He proposed the so-called Dodgson's method, using the Condorcet method. In 1884, he proposed a proportional representation system based on multi-member districts, each voter casting only a single vote, quotas as minimum requirements to take seats, and votes transferable by candidates through what is now called Liquid democracy.

Question: チャールズ・ラトウィッジ・ドジソンは何歳で死去した？