Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In December 2010, Archdiocese of Dublin "singing priest" Tony Walsh was sentenced to 123 years in prison for 14 child abuse convictions involving sex-related offences dating from the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s. However, the sentences were to be served concurrently, netting to a maximum of 16 years. By the time he pleaded guilty in December 2018 to indecently assaulting a teenage boy with a crucifix on a date in 1983, Walsh had already been in prison for 13 years.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Six reports by the National Board for Safeguarding Children in the Catholic Church have up until 2011 established that six Irish priests were convicted between 1975 and 2011.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In October 2018, Italian victim rights group "Rete l'Abuso" released a statement saying that since 2000 the Italian justice system had handled about 300 cases of abusive priests and nuns, with 150 to 170 convictions.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: During 2013, the public in this deeply Catholic country became concerned about reports of child sex abuse scandals within the Church, some of which reached the courts, and the poor response by the church. The Church resisted demands to pay compensation to victims.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In October 2013, the Catholic Church in Poland explicitly refused to publish data on sexual abuse, but said that, "if the data were to be published, the scale would be seen to be very low". Bishop Antoni Dydycz said that priests should not be pressed to report sexual abuse to state authorities, invoking the ecclesiastical "seal of confession", which bans them from revealing what is said in the rite of confession.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: On 25 June 2020, Pope Francis appointed Grzegorz Rys, Archbishop of Łódź, Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Kalisz, relieving its Bishop, Edward Janiak, age 67, of his responsibilities while under investigation for protecting priests who committed acts of sex abuse. On 17 October, Pope Francis accepted Janiak's resignation.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: On 6 November 2020, The Holy See's nuncio to Poland announced that following an investigation by the Holy See regarding sex abuse allegations, Cardinal Henryk Gulbinowicz was now "barred from any kind of celebration or public meeting and from using his episcopal insignia, and is deprived of the right to a cathedral funeral and burial." Gulbinowicz was also ordered to pay an "appropriate sum" to his alleged victims.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Gulbinowicz is the former archbishop of Wrocław, whose support of the trade union Solidarity played a critical role in the collapse of communism in Poland. On 16 November 2020, 10 days after the Vatican, Gulbinowicz, but, as a result of the Vatican displinary action, could not have a funeral in Wroclaw's Cathedral of St. John the Baptist or to be buried in the cathedral.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2013, Cardinal Keith O'Brien, the Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh, resigned following publication of allegations he had engaged in inappropriate and predatory sexual conduct with priests and seminarians under his jurisdiction and abused his power.<ref name="Devenney18/05/2013"></ref>

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2019, Fr Vincent Gerald Ryan, who had previously served 14 years in jail for sexually abusing 34 boys from 1973 to 1991, was jailed for at least 14 months for sex abuse he committed against two altar boys.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In the wake of the broadcast of a BBC Television documentary, "Suing the Pope", which highlighted the case of Seán Fortune, one of the most notorious clerical sexual offenders, the Irish government initiated an official inquiry into the allegations of clerical sexual abuse in the Irish Roman Catholic Diocese of Ferns. The inquiry resulted in the publication of the Ferns Report in 2005.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In November 2009, Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse reported its findings in which it concluded that:

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The UN report prompted discussions of specific areas of controversy, including secrecy among bishops and Vatican statements denying responsibility which in canon law they have.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: British author and Catholic social activist Paul Vallely wrote that he felt the UN report had been hurt by the Commission having gone well beyond the issue of child abuse to issues such as contraception. However, he also felt the report did bring important pressure on the Vatican on important issues like reporting cases to police.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The Associated Press estimated the settlements of US Church sex abuse cases from 1950 to 2007 totaled more than US$2 billion. The figure was more than $3 billion in 2012 according to BishopAccountability.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In July 2003, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville paid $25.7 million to "settle child sexual-abuse allegations made in 240 lawsuits naming 34 priests and other church workers."

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: According to "The Boston Globe", the Archdiocese of Boston secretly settled child sexual abuse claims against at least 70 priests from 1992 to 2002. In 2003, the Archdiocese of Boston also settled a large case for $85 million with 552 alleged victims.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In April 2007, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon agreed to a $75 million settlement with 177 claimants and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle agreed to a $48 million settlement with more than 160 victims.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In July 2008, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Denver agreed "to pay $5.5 million to settle 18 claims of childhood sexual abuse."

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Addressing "a flood of abuse claims" five dioceses (Tucson, Arizona; Spokane, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Davenport, Iowa, and San Diego) got bankruptcy protection. Eight Catholic diocese have declared bankruptcy due to sex abuse cases from 2004 to 2011.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The cost to the Church increased rapidly. Taking into account sums awarded to victims by juries, out-of-court settlements and legal fees, estimates went from $0.5 billion by the late 1990s to more than $2.6 billion in 2009. Roman Catholics spent $615 million on sex abuse cases in 2007.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Several dioceses adopted the practice of first transferring the majority of their assets to their parishes and foundations before declaring bankruptcy, in the hope of decreasing considerably the amount to be awarded to victims. In some cases, the Vatican had to approve the transfer of large amounts to foundations in order to shield them from seizure; in other cases it guided and supervised such transactions.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Some of the accused priests were forced to resign. Some priests whose crimes fell within statutes of limitation are in jail. Some have been laicized. Others – because they are elderly, because of the nature of their offenses, or because they have had some success fighting the charges – cannot be laicized under canon law. Some priests live in retreat houses that are carefully monitored and sometimes locked.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Two bishops of Palm Beach, Florida, resigned due to child abuse allegations. Resigned bishop Joseph Keith Symons was replaced by Anthony O'Connell, who later also resigned in 2002.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Hofstra University researcher Charol Shakeshaft, the author of a report on sexual offenses in schools, said sexual violence is much more prevalent in schools than in the Church. According to the report, up to 422,000 students from California will be victims of sexual violence in the future.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Opinion seems divided on whether there is any definite link or connection between the Roman Catholic institution of celibacy and incidences of child abuse by Catholic clergy.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Robert S. Bennett, the Roman Catholic Washington attorney who headed the National Review Board's research committee, identified "too much faith in psychiatrists" as one of the key problems concerning Catholic sex abuse cases. About 40% of the abusive priests had received counseling before being reassigned.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In July 2014, Pope Francis was quoted as having said in an interview that about 8,000 Catholic clergy (2% of the total), including bishops and cardinals, were pedophiles. The Vatican indicated the interview had not been recorded nor notes taken during it and that quotes may have been misattributed in a deliberate attempt to manipulate readers. They stated that Pope Francis had not indicated that any cardinal abusers remained in their position.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: It has been argued that a shortage of priests caused the Roman Catholic hierarchy to act in such a way to preserve the number of clergy and ensure that sufficient numbers were available to man their congregations despite serious allegations that some of these priests were unfit for duty.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Italian academic wrote in "L'Osservatore Romano" that a greater presence of women in the Vatican could have prevented clerical sexual abuse from taking place.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: After the number of allegations exploded following "The Boston Globe" series of articles, the breadth and depth of the scandals became apparent in dioceses across the United States. The U.S. bishops felt compelled to formulate a coordinated response at the episcopal conference level. Although the Vatican did not respond immediately to the series of articles published by "The Boston Globe" in 2002, it has been reported that Vatican officials were, in fact, monitoring the situation in the U.S. closely.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2009, eighteen religious orders agreed to pay €1.2 billion compensation to childhood victims of sexual abuse, a 10 times increase from the €128 million compensation agreed in 2002, on the condition that the identities of abusers must be kept secret, and victims will forgo the right to sue church and government. Money was raised mainly by selling church property to government.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Catholic Church Commission on Child Sexual Abuse (Ireland), also known as the Hussey Commission, was established by church in 2001 to investigate how complaints about clerical abuse of minors have been handled over the last three decades. In 2010 Vatican announced an investigation into Irish Catholic Establishment's handling of the sex abuse and subsequent scandal.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In August 2011, after women's activist group "Gabriela" assisted a 17-year-old girl in filing sexual abuse allegations against a Catholic priest in Butuan province then bishop of Butuan, Juan de Dios Pueblos, took the accused priest under his custody without handing him over to civil and church authorities. This behaviour was also heavily criticized by retired Archbishop Oscar V. Cruz, who blamed Pueblos for showing his priests the "wrong way".

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Some bishops repeatedly moved offending priests from parish to parish after abuse counseling, where they still had personal contact with children. According to the USCCB, Catholic bishops in the 1950s and 1960s viewed sexual abuse by priests as "a spiritual problem, one requiring a spiritual solution, i.e. prayer".

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: A 2006 study by Jesuit Georgetown University Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) found lay Catholics were unaware of the specific steps that the church has decided to take, but 78% strongly approved reporting allegations of sexual abuse to civil authorities and 76% strongly approved of removing people credibly accused of sexual abuse of a minor.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2005, Kathleen McChesney of the USCCB said "In 2004, at least 1,092 allegations of sexual abuse were made against at least 756 Catholic priests and deacons in the United States... What is over is the denial that this problem exists, and what is over is the reluctance of the Church to deal openly with the public about the nature and extent of the problem."

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The 2001 Lord Nolan recommendations, accepted in full by the bishops, became model guidelines for other bishops' conferences around the world, and a model for other institutions in Britain. One guideline was that in each parish there should be a "safeguarding officer", a lay person who would vet through the Criminal Records Bureau, a government agency, anyone in the parish who had access to young people or vulnerable adults, and would be a contact for anyone with any concerns.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In June 2002, the USCCB established the "Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People", a comprehensive set of procedures for addressing allegations of sexual abuse of minors by Catholic clergy. The charter includes guidelines for reconciliation, healing, accountability, reporting, and prevention of future acts of abuse.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The USCCB's National Review Board for the Protection of Children and Young People now requires dioceses faced with an allegation of child sexual abuse (where the victim is currently a minor) to alert the authorities, conduct an investigation, and (in the case of an admission of guilt or finding of guilt by an appropriate investigation) remove the accused from duty.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The Board also approached John Jay College of Criminal Justice to conduct a descriptive study of the nature and scope of the problem of child sexual abuse in the Catholic Church as well as the costs to the church of the scandal. Data collection commenced in March 2003, and ended in February 2004. The findings of this study are discussed elsewhere on this page.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: According to Allen, cultural differences between the Vatican and American Catholics complicated the process of formulating a comprehensive response to the sexual abuse scandal: "there is a lot about the American culture and the American Church that puzzles people in the Vatican, and there is much about the Vatican that puzzles Americans and English speakers generally."

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: According to Archbishop Charles Scicluna, adjunct secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the abolition of pontifical secrecy means that:

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Prof. Dalla Torre underlined that this instruction is a canonical instrument which does not affect the application of the civil laws, as it regards the conduction of the trials and the cooperation with ecclesiastica authorities:

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The "Guide to Understanding Basic CDF Procedures concerning Sexual Abuse Allegations" explain briefly the procedures which have been derived from the 1983 Code of Canon Law and put in place since 30 April (the same day). Among the points made:

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In May, in line with the 1983 Code of Canon Law and the 1990 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, a letter from the CDF was sent to the Catholic bishops.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The Vatican instituted reforms to prevent future United States abuse by requiring background checks for all church employees who have contact with children. Since then, in the US, over 2 million volunteers and employees; 52,000 clerics; 6,205 candidates for ordination have had their backgrounds evaluated.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In June, the USCCB established the "Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People", a comprehensive set of procedures for addressing allegations of sexual abuse of minors by Catholic clergy. (More details in the Episcopal Responses section above.).

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Pope John Paul II stated that "there is no place in the priesthood and religious life for those who would harm the young".

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In June, Louisville, Kentucky lawyer William McMurry filed suit against the Vatican on behalf of three men alleging abuse as far back as 1928, accusing church leaders of organizing a cover-up of cases of sexual abuse of children.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In August, Pope Benedict was personally accused in a lawsuit of conspiring to cover up the molestation of three boys in Texas by Juan Carlos Patino-Arango in Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston. He sought and obtained immunity from prosecution as head of state of the Holy See. The Department of State "recognize[d] and allow[ed] the immunity of Pope Benedict XVI from this suit." See International position of the Pope for information on head-of-state immunity of a pope.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Archbishop Csaba Ternyak, secretary of the Congregation for Clergy, put the following question to the experts: "[T]o what degree one can talk about the rehabilitation of the offender, what are the most effective methods of treatment, and on what grounds we can say that a person who has never offended is at risk to sexually molest someone?"

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In April, during a visit to the United States, Pope Benedict admitted that he was "deeply ashamed" of the clergy sex abuse scandal that has devastated the American church. Benedict pledged that pedophiles would not be priests in the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Benedict also apologized for child abuse scandal in Australia.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In November, the United States Court of Appeals in Cincinnati denied the Vatican's claim of sovereign immunity, and allowed a lawsuit against the Catholic Church government by three men who claim they were sexually abused as children by priests in the Louisville, Kentucky, US archdiocese to proceed. The Vatican did not appeal the ruling.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Two researchers reported that abuse cases had "steeply declined" after 1985 and that responses to abuse had changed substantially over 50 years, with suspension becoming more common than reinstatement.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Empirical research shows that sexual orientation does not affect the likelihood that people will abuse children. Many child molesters cannot be characterized as having an adult sexual orientation at all; they are fixated on children.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In July 2010, the Vatican issued a document to clarify their position. They doubled the length of time after the 18th birthday of the victim that clergymen can be tried in a church court and to streamline the processes for removing abusive priests. However, the new rules were less strict than those already in place in the United States and lacked the clarity that pedophilia is a civil offense of the existing rules there.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors () was instituted by Pope Francis on 22 March 2014 for the safeguarding of minors. It is headed by Boston's cardinal archbishop, Sean P. O'Malley, O.F.M. Cap.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In November 2014, Pope Francis laicized and excommunicated abusive priest Father Jose Mercau of Argentina.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: At the beginning of 2018, Francis denied overwhelming reports of widespread sexual abuse by priests in Chile. In the face of the resulting outcry, he introduced an investigation that led to every bishop in Chile submitting his resignation; only a few of these were accepted, however.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: At mid-year, amidst a series of abuse scandals in many countries, including the revelation that over a 50-year period, more than 300 priests were plausibly accused of abuse in the state of Pennsylvania alone, Pope Francis spoke of his "shame", without however offering concrete steps to remove abusive priests or sanction those who took part in cover-ups.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: From 21 to 24 February 2019, a four-day Catholic Church summit meeting was held in Vatican City, called the Meeting on the Protection of Minors in the Church () with the participation of the presidents of all the episcopal conferences of the world to discuss preventing sexual abuse by Catholic Church clergy.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The motu proprio extends the application of the Vatican law to the Roman Curia and its personnel. It requires that, when recruiting staff, the candidate's suitability to interact with minors must be ascertained.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2010, the BBC reported that the major causes of the scandal were the cover-ups and other alleged shortcomings in the way in which the church hierarchy has dealt with the abuses. Particularly, the actions of Catholic bishops in responding to allegations of clerical abuse were harshly criticized.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Mary Dispenza further states that crimes against children took place in the past, they take place now and they will continue to take place in the future unless Pope Francis and the bishops act decisively to ensure that child safety has higher priority than protecting priests and the image of the Catholic Church.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: A Vatican spokesman stated, "When individual institutions of national churches are implicated, that does not regard the competence of the Holy See...The competence of the Holy See is at the level of the Holy See."<ref name="BostonGlobe11/2/1013"></ref>

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: To place the cases under the competence of the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith has been criticized by some as making the process more secretive and lengthening the time required to address the allegations. For example, in his biography of John Paul II, David Yallop asserts that the backlog of referrals to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith for action against sexually abusive priests is so large that it takes 18 months to merely get a reply.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: The Catholic hierarchy has been criticized for not acting more quickly and decisively to remove, laicize and report priests accused of sexual misconduct. Cardinal Roger Mahony of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles, said: "We have said repeatedly that ... our understanding of this problem and the way it's dealt with today evolved, and that in those years ago, decades ago, people didn't realize how serious this was, and so, rather than pulling people out of ministry directly and fully, they were moved."

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Eventually, Fitzgerald lost control of the Servants of the Paraclete. The center began to employ medical and psychological professionals who added psychiatry and medical treatment to the spiritual regimen of treatment favored by Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald continued to oppose these modifications to his treatment regimen until his death in 1969.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2010, several secular and liberal Catholics were calling for Pope Benedict XVI's resignation, citing the actions of then Cardinal Ratzinger's blocking of efforts to remove a priest convicted of child abuse. The pope did eventually resign in 2013, although he said that he did so because of his declining health.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2012, William Lynn of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia was found guilty of one count of endangering the welfare of a child and sentenced to three to six years in prison. Lynn became the first United States church official to be convicted of child endangerment because of his part in covering up child sex abuse allegations by clergy.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: As reported by the "Boston Globe," some bishops had facilitated compensation payments to victims on condition that the allegations remained secret. For example,

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In November 2009, the Irish Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse reported its findings in which it concluded that:

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: the Dublin Archdiocese's pre-occupations in dealing with cases of child sexual abuse, at least until the mid 1990s, were the maintenance of secrecy, the avoidance of scandal, the protection of the reputation of the Church, and the preservation of its assets. All other considerations, including the welfare of children and justice for victims, were subordinated to these priorities. The Archdiocese did not implement its own canon law rules and did its best to avoid any application of the law of the State.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In April 2010, Christopher Hitchens and Richard Dawkins wanted to prosecute the Pope for crimes against humanity due to what they see as his role in intentionally covering up abuse by priests. In a CNN interview a few days later, however, Dawkins declined to discuss the international crime law court's definition of crimes against humanity, saying it is a difficult legal question.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In April 2010, a lawsuit was filed in the Milwaukee Federal Court by an anonymous "John Doe 16" against the Vatican and Pope Benedict XVI. The plaintiff accused Ratzinger and others of having covered up abuse cases to avoid scandal to the detriment of the concerned children.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In February 2011, two German lawyers initiated charges against Pope Benedict XVI at the International Criminal Court. As one of the reasons for the charges they referred also to the "strong suspicion" that Joseph Ratzinger, as head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, covered up the sexual abuse of children and youths and protected the perpetrators.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Internal division became public, with Christoph Cardinal Schönborn accusing Cardinal Angelo Sodano of blocking Ratzinger's investigation of a high-profile case in the mid 1990s.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In the trial of the French bishop Pierre Pican, who received a suspended jail sentence for failing to denounce an abusive priest, the retired Cardinal Dario Castrillon Hoyos wrote a letter to support Pican in his decision. Exposed to heavy critiques, Hoyos claimed to have had the approval of Pope John Paul II.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2011, Hoyos was heavily criticized again. This time, the Congregation for the Clergy was blamed of having opposed in 1997 to the newly adapted rules of the Irish bishops, demanding the denouncement of every abusive priest to the police. The Archbishop of Dublin Diarmuid Martin described the cooperation with the Congregation for the Clergy as "disastrous".

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: An article in "The Washington Post" published 27 December 2019, accuses former American Cardinal Theodore Edgar McCarrick of paying bribes totaling US$600,000 to Pope John Paul II ($50,000) and Pope Benedict XVI ($291,000) and 100 Vatican employees to cover-up sexual misconduct accusations against him.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2002, the discovery that the sex abuse by Catholic priests was widespread in the U.S. received significant media coverage. For the first 100 days, "The New York Times" had 225 pieces, including news and commentary, and the story appeared on its front page on 26 occasions.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Walter V. Robinson, an American journalist and journalism professor, led "The Boston Globe" coverage of the Roman Catholic sex abuse cases, for which the newspaper won the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service. Robinson was also a Pulitzer Prize finalist in Investigative Reporting in 2007.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In Ireland, television journalism similarly played a key role in helping public awareness of widespread sexual abuse of children by priests.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Some critics have stated that the oversaturation of Church sex abuse stories has led to the perception that the Catholic Church is more rife with pedophilia than in reality. A "The Wall Street Journal"-NBC News poll found that 64 percent of those queried thought Catholic priests "frequently" abused children; however, there is no data that indicates that priests commit abuse more often than the general population of males.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Anglican writer Philip Jenkins supported many of these arguments stating that media coverage of the abuse story had become "...a gross efflorescence of anti-catholic rhetoric."

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Commentator Tom Hoopes wrote that during the first half of 2002, the 61 largest newspapers in California ran nearly 2,000 stories about sexual abuse in Catholic institutions, mostly concerning past allegations. During the same period, those newspapers ran four stories about the federal government's discovery of the much larger – and ongoing – abuse scandal in public schools.

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: Many other feature films have been made about the continuing revelations of sex abuse within the Church, including:

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: A daily updated list of films and documentaries is available at the "Literature List Clergy Sexual Abuse" composed by journalist and author .

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Context: In 2005, Limp Bizkit released the album "The Unquestionable Truth (Part 1)", which focuses on dark lyrical subject matter, including Catholic sex abuse cases, terrorism and fame. Comedian Tim Minchin has the songs "The Pope Song", and "Come Home (Cardinal Pell)".

Question: Как католическая церковь относится к Педера́стии на март 2019?


Hero of the Soviet Union

Context: The title Hero of the Soviet Union () was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded together with the Order of Lenin personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society.

Question: Кто стал первым Героем Советского Союза?


Hero of the Soviet Union

Context: A hero could be awarded the title again for a subsequent heroic feat with an additional Gold Star medal and certificate. An additional Order of Lenin was not given until 1973. The practice of awarding additional Orders of Lenin when the title was awarded multiple times was abolished by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1988 during perestroika.

Question: Кто стал первым Героем Советского Союза?


Hero of the Soviet Union

Context: In addition, over 100 people received the award twice. A second Hero title, either Hero of the Soviet Union or Hero of Socialist Labour entitled the recipient to have a bronze bust of his or her likeness with a commemorative inscription erected in his or her hometown.

Question: Кто стал первым Героем Советского Союза?


Hero of the Soviet Union

Context: Fighter pilots Aleksandr Pokryshkin and Ivan Kozhedub were three times Heroes of the Soviet Union. A third award entitled the recipient to have their bronze bust erected on a columnar pedestal in Moscow, near the Palace of the Soviets, but the palace was never built.

Question: Кто стал первым Героем Советского Союза?


Hero of the Soviet Union

Context: After his release from serving a 20-year sentence in a Mexican prison for the assassination of Leon Trotsky, Ramón Mercader moved to the Soviet Union in 1961 and as Ramon Lopez was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Hero of the Soviet Union medal "for the special deed" by KGB head Alexander Shelepin.

Question: Кто стал первым Героем Советского Союза?


Hero of the Soviet Union

Context: By the 1970s, the award had been somewhat devalued. Important political and military persons had been awarded it on the occasions of their birthdays rather than for any immediate heroic activity.

Question: Кто стал первым Героем Советского Союза?


Hero of the Soviet Union

Context: All Soviet cosmonauts, starting from Yuri Gagarin, as well as foreign citizens from non-capitalist countries who participated in the Soviet space program as cosmonauts, received Hero award for each flight, but no more than twice.

Question: Кто стал первым Героем Советского Союза?


Hero of the Soviet Union

Context: Apart from individuals, the title was also awarded to twelve cities (Hero City) as well as the fortress of Brest (Hero-Fortress) for collective heroism during the War.

Question: Кто стал первым Героем Советского Союза?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: The main campaign mode is single-player mode, in an episodic succession of missions. Two multiplayer modes are playable over a network: cooperative, in which two to four players team up to complete the main campaign, and deathmatch, in which two to four players compete. Four-player online multiplayer mode via dialup was made available one year after launch through the DWANGO service. Cheat codes give the player instant super powers including invulnerability, all weapons, and walking through walls.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: "Doom" is divided into three episodes: "Knee-Deep in the Dead", "The Shores of Hell", and "Inferno". A fourth episode, "Thy Flesh Consumed", was added in an expanded version of the game, "The Ultimate Doom", released on April 30, 1995, two years after "Doom" and one year after "Doom II". The campaign contains very few plot elements, with the minimal story instead given in the instruction manual and in short text segues between episodes.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: The ability for user-generated content to provide custom levels and other game modifications using WAD files became a popular aspect of "Doom". Gaining the first large mod-making community, "Doom" affected the culture surrounding first-person shooters, and also the industry. Several future professional game designers started their careers making "Doom" WADs as a hobby, such as Tim Willits, who later became the lead designer at id Software.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: In 2016, Romero published two new "Doom" levels: E1M4b ("Phobos Mission Control") and E1M8b ("Tech Gone Bad"). In 2018, for the 25th anniversary of "Doom", Romero announced "Sigil", an unofficial Episode Five consisting of 9 missions. It was released on May 22, 2019, with a soundtrack by Buckethead. It was then released for free on May 31, with a MIDI soundtrack by James Paddock.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: Microsoft hired id Software to port "Doom" to Windows with the WinG API, and Microsoft CEO Bill Gates briefly considered buying the company. Newell led development of a Windows 95 port of "Doom" to promote Windows as a gaming platform. One promotional video for Windows 95 had Gates digitally superimposed into the game.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: In 1994, "PC Gamer UK" named "Doom" the third-best computer game of all time. The editors wrote: "Although it's only been around for a couple of months, "Doom" has already done more to establish the PC's arcade clout than any other title in gaming history." In 1994 "Computer Gaming World" named "Doom" Game of the Year. The various "Doom" console ports have received generally favorable reviews.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: In 2021, "Kotaku" listed "Doom" as the third best game in the series, behind "Doom II" and "Doom (2016)". They said that the gameplay "still holds up", but argued it was inferior to "Doom II" due to the latter's improved enemy variety.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: In the earliest release versions, the level E1M4: Command Control contains a swastika-shaped structure, which was put in as a homage to "Wolfenstein 3D". The swastika was removed in later versions; according to Romero, the change was done out of respect after id Software received a complaint from a military veteran.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: "Doom" has appeared in several forms in addition to video games, including a "Doom" comic book, four novels by Dafydd Ab Hugh and Brad Linaweaver (loosely based on events and locations in the games), a and a live-action film starring Karl Urban and The Rock released in 2005. The game's development and impact on popular culture is the subject of the book "Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture" by David Kushner.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: The "Doom" series remained dormant between 1997 and 2000, when "Doom 3" was finally announced. A retelling of the original "Doom" using entirely new graphics technology and a slower paced survival horror approach, "Doom 3" was hyped to provide as large a leap in realism and interactivity as the original game and helped renew interest in the franchise when it was released in 2004, under the id Tech 4 game engine.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: The "Doom" engine was licensed by id Software to several other companies, who released their own games using the technology, including "Heretic", "", "Strife: Quest for the Sigil", and "Hacx: Twitch 'n Kill". A "Doom"-based game called "Chex Quest" was released in 1996 by Ralston Foods as a promotion to increase cereal sales, and the United States Marine Corps produced "Marine Doom" as a training tool, later released to the public.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Doom (1993 video game)

Context: When 3D Realms released "Duke Nukem 3D" in 1996, a tongue-in-cheek science fiction shooter based on Ken Silverman's technologically similar "Build" engine, id Software had nearly finished developing "Quake", its next-generation game, which mirrored "Doom"s success for much of the remainder of the 1990s and reduced interest in its predecessor (Wolfenstein 3D).

Question: Кто первым ввел термин "трёхмерный шутер"?


Rick Nash

Context: Richard McLaren Nash (born June 16, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who serves as the director of player development for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). After being selected first overall in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft by Columbus, he played 15 seasons in the NHL for the Blue Jackets, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins, and was selected to play in six National Hockey League All-Star Games.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: Nash was raised in Brampton, Ontario, where he attended Brampton Centennial Secondary School. He played minor hockey in the Greater Toronto Hockey League (GTHL), where he caught the attention of OHL scouts in 1999. He played in the 1998 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Toronto Marlboros minor ice hockey team.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: The first NHL contract for Nash was negotiated minutes before the signing deadline by Gord Kirke. It was the most lucrative contract for an NHL rookie at the time, valued at 1.2 million USD per season plus bonuses and incentives which ranged from 8 to US$12 million.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: Joining the Blue Jackets in 2002–03, Nash debuted on October 10, 2002, and scored a goal in a 2–1 win over the Chicago Blackhawks. He was the eighth number one overall pick to score a goal in his first game and the first to do so in his draft year since Mario Lemieux in 1984. That season, Nash was nominated for the Calder Trophy as the NHL's top rookie, but lost to defenseman Barret Jackman of the St. Louis Blues. He would, however, join Jackman on the NHL All-Rookie Team.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: In Nash's sophomore campaign, he improved his rookie goal total from 17 to 41, a career-high that tied Jarome Iginla and Ilya Kovalchuk for the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy for most goals in the League. At 19 years of age, Nash was the youngest player in history to lead the League in goals. Recording 16 assists, Nash finished the year with 57 points.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: In 2006–07, Nash matched his sophomore points total with 57, and was named to the Western Conference All-Star Team for the second time in his career. He was Columbus' lone representative both times. Nash scored the game-winning goal in the West win.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: Completing the season with 38 goals and 69 points, Nash nearly matched his personal best goals total and set a career high for points and assists. Shortly before the end of the season, on March 12, 2008, Nash was also named the fifth captain in Blue Jackets history, replacing the recently traded Adam Foote.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: In the off-season, in May 2008, Nash was named the cover athlete and spokesman for the "NHL 2K9" video game.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: In addition to leading the Blue Jackets to the playoffs, Nash had a career season with 79 points, in addition to scoring 40 goals for the first time since 2003–04. In the off-season, on July 3, 2009, Nash signed an eight-year contract extension with the Blue Jackets worth $62.4 million set to take effect in 2010–11.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: Nash signed a contract to play with HC Davos again during the 2012–13 NHL lockout. In late September 2012, while playing for Davos, Nash injured his shoulder and left the game.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: Nash had a successful first regular season with the Rangers, scoring 21 goals and 21 assists for 42 points in 44 games played in the lockout-shortened 2012–13 season. However, in the playoffs, Nash underwhelmed with only one goal and four assists in 12 playoff games.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: Nash had a superstar season in 2014–15 scoring a career-high 42 goals (third in the NHL behind Steven Stamkos with 43 and Alexander Ovechkin with 53) and 27 assists. Nash's production also improved during the 2015 playoffs, as he scored five goals and nine assists (14 points) in 19 games as the Rangers fell to the Tampa Bay Lightning in a hard-fought seven-game Eastern Conference Finals series.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: On October 26, 2017, Nash skated in his 1,000th NHL career game, which resulted in a 5–2 win over the Arizona Coyotes. He became the 312th player in NHL history to play at least 1,000 career games.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: On January 11, 2019, at age 34, due to unresolved symptoms from a concussion sustained in March 2018, Nash was forced to retire from professional hockey after playing 1,060 career games spanning over 15 seasons.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: In Nash's second junior season, he was chosen to play for Team Canada's junior squad in the 2002 World Junior Championships, scoring three points in a silver medal effort.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: Nash would make his senior international debut for Team Canada at the 2005 World Championship, leading the tournament in goals while earning his second silver medal.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: In 2006, shortly after returning from an injury, he was selected to play on Team Canada's Olympic team, but managed just one point in a disappointing seventh-place finish.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: Nash appeared in his third World Championship in 2008, but failed to repeat as gold medal champion with Canada, earning silver. In the championship game against Russia, Nash attempted to clear the puck in overtime, but accidentally shot it over the glass, resulting a delay of game penalty. On the powerplay, Russia capitalized, defeating Canada 5–4. Despite his misplay, Nash was named to the tournament All-Star Team for the second consecutive year, finishing with 13 points.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: On December 30, 2009, Nash was selected to play for Team Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. After starting the tournament on Sidney Crosby's wing, he was switched to a line with Mike Richards and Jonathan Toews, who was named Best Forward. Nash earned his first Olympic medal in the tournament as Team Canada went on to win gold.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Rick Nash

Context: Nash was named captain of Team Canada for the 2011 IIHF World Championship. Canada finished fifth in the tournament.

Question: Сколько раз Ри́чард Макла́рен Нэш выиграл олимпийское золото на март 2019?


Green tea

Context: Green tea is a type of tea that is made from "Camellia sinensis" leaves and buds that have not undergone the same withering and oxidation process used to make oolong teas and black teas. Green tea originated in China, and since then its production and manufacture has spread to other countries in East Asia.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Several varieties of green tea exist, which differ substantially based on the variety of "C. sinensis" used, growing conditions, horticultural methods, production processing, and time of harvest. Although there has been considerable research on the possible health effects of consuming green tea regularly, there is little evidence that drinking green tea has any effects on health.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Tea consumption has its legendary origins in China during the reign of mythological Emperor Shennong.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: A book written by Lu Yu in 618–907 AD (Tang dynasty), "The Classic of Tea" (), is considered important in green tea history. The "Kissa Yōjōki" (喫茶養生記 "Book of Tea", lit. "Record [of] Drinking Tea [for] Nourishing Life"), written by Zen priest Eisai in 1211, describes how drinking green tea may affect five vital organs, the shapes of tea plants, flowers and leaves, and how to grow and process tea leaves.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Steeping, or brewing, is the process of making tea from leaves and hot water, generally using of tea per of water (H2O) or about 1 teaspoon of green tea per 150 ml cup. Steeping temperatures range from to and steeping times from 30 seconds to three minutes.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Green tea leaves are initially processed by soaking in an alcohol solution, which may be further concentrated to various levels; byproducts of the process are also packaged and used. Extracts are sold over the counter in liquid, powder, capsule, and tablet forms, and may contain up to 17.4% of their total weight in caffeine, though decaffeinated versions are also available.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Regular green tea is 99.9% water, provides 1 kcal per 100 mL serving, is devoid of significant nutrient content (table), and contains phytochemicals such as polyphenols and caffeine.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: A 2020 review by the Cochrane Collaboration listed some potential adverse effects including gastrointestinal disorders, higher levels of liver enzymes, and, more rarely, insomnia, raised blood pressure, and skin reactions.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Research has shown there is no good evidence that green tea helps to prevent or treat cancer in people.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Green tea interferes with the chemotherapy drug bortezomib (Velcade) and other boronic acid-based proteasome inhibitors, and should be avoided by people taking these medications.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Green tea consumption lowers fasting blood sugar but in clinical studies the beverage's effect on hemoglobin A1c and fasting insulin levels was inconsistent.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: In 2013, global production of green tea was approximately 1.7 million tonnes, with a forecast to double in volume by 2023. As of 2015, China provided 80% of the world's green tea market, leading to its green tea exports rising by 9% annually, while exporting 325,000 tonnes in 2015. In 2015, the US was the largest importer of Chinese green tea (6,800 tonnes), an increase of 10% over 2014, and Britain imported 1,900 tonnes, 15% more than in 2014.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: On 17 June 2011, at Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris, France, radioactive cesium of 1,038 becquerels per kilogram was measured in tea leaves imported from Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan as a result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster on 11 March, which was more than twice the restricted amount in the European Union of 500 becquerels per kilogram. The government of France announced that they rejected the leaves, which totaled .

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: In 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration updated its import status on Japanese products deemed to be contaminated by radionuclides, indicating that tea from the Ibaraki prefecture had been removed from the list by the Government of Japan in 2015.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Loose leaf green tea has been the most popular form of tea in China since at least the Southern Song dynasty. While Chinese green tea was originally steamed, as it still is in Japan, after the early Ming dynasty it has typically been processed by being pan-fired in a dry wok. Other processes employed in China today include oven-firing, basket-firing, tumble-drying and sun-drying. Green tea is the most widely produced form of tea in China, with 1.42 million tons grown in 2014.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Tea seeds were first brought to Japan in the early 9th century by the Buddhist monks Saicho and Kūkai. During the Heian period (794–1185), Emperor Saga introduced the practice of drinking tea to the imperial family. The Zen Buddhist priest Eisai (1141–1215), founder of the Rinzai school of Buddhism, brought tea seeds from China to plant in various places in Japan. Eisai advocated that all people, not just Buddhist monks and the elite, drink tea for its health benefits.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: All commercial tea produced in Japan today is green tea, though for a brief period black tea was also produced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Japanese tea production is heavily mechanized, and is characterized by the use of modern technology and processes to improve yields and reduce labour. Because of the high cost of labour in Japan, only the highest quality teas are plucked and processed by hand in the traditional fashion.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Japanese green teas have a thin, needle-like shape and a rich, dark green colour. Unlike Chinese teas, most Japanese teas are produced by steaming rather than pan-firing. This produces their characteristic colour, and creates a sweeter, more grassy flavour. A mechanical rolling/drying process then dries the tea leaves into their final shape. The liquor of steamed Japanese tea tends to be cloudy due to the higher quantity of dissolved solids.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Most Japanese teas are blended from leaves grown in different regions, with less emphasis on terroir than in the Chinese market. Because of the limited quantity of tea that can be produced in Japan, the majority of production is dedicated to the premium tea market. Cheaper bottled teas and tea-flavored food products usually use lower-grade Japanese-style tea produced in China.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Although a variety of commercial tea cultivars exist in Japan, the vast majority of Japanese tea is produced using the "Yabukita" cultivar developed in the 1950s.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Korean green tea can be classified into various types based on several different factors. The most common is the flush, or the time of the year when the leaves are plucked (and thus also by leaf size).

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Green tea

Context: Southern, warmer regions such as Boseong in South Jeolla Province, Hadong in South Gyeongsang Province, and Jeju Island are famous for producing high-quality tea leaves.

Question: Какой чай рекомендовано пить при высоком давлении?


Termite

Context: Termites are a delicacy in the diet of some human cultures and are used in many traditional medicines. Several hundred species are economically significant as pests that can cause serious damage to buildings, crops, or plantation forests. Some species, such as the West Indian drywood termite ("Cryptotermes brevis"), are regarded as invasive species.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats. There are three ecological groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse areas. One species in the drywood group is the West Indian drywood termite "(Cryptotermes brevis)", which is an invasive species in Australia.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Termites are usually small, measuring between in length. The largest of all extant termites are the queens of the species "Macrotermes bellicosus", measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length. Another giant termite, the extinct "Gyatermes styriensis", flourished in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of and a body length of .

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax, which is consistent with all four-winged insects. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length. Most of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the air and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to larger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Queens of the eusocial termite "Reticulitermes speratus" are capable of a long lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower level of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than workers, soldiers and nymphs. The lower levels of damage appear to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: The king grows only slightly larger after initial mating and continues to mate with the queen for life (a termite queen can live between 30 to 50 years); this is very different from ant colonies, in which a queen mates once with the males and stores the gametes for life, as the male ants die shortly after mating. If a queen is absent, a termite king produces pheromones which encourage the development of replacement termite queens. As the queen and king are monogamous, sperm competition does not occur.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: The neotropical termite "Embiratermes neotenicus" and several other related species produce colonies that contain a primary king accompanied by a primary queen or by up to 200 neotenic queens that had originated through thelytokous parthenogenesis of a founding primary queen. The form of parthenogenesis likely employed maintains heterozygosity in the passage of the genome from mother to daughter, thus avoiding inbreeding depression.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Certain species such as "Gnathamitermes tubiformans" have seasonal food habits. For example, they may preferentially consume Red three-awn ("Aristida longiseta") during the summer, Buffalograss ("Buchloe dactyloides") from May to August, and blue grama "Bouteloua gracilis" during spring, summer and autumn. Colonies of "G. tubiformans" consume less food in spring than they do during autumn when their feeding activity is high.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Various woods differ in their susceptibility to termite attack; the differences are attributed to such factors as moisture content, hardness, and resin and lignin content. In one study, the drywood termite "Cryptotermes brevis" strongly preferred poplar and maple woods to other woods that were generally rejected by the termite colony. These preferences may in part have represented conditioned or learned behaviour.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Ants are not the only invertebrates that perform raids. Many sphecoid wasps and several species including "Polybia" and "Angiopolybia" are known to raid termite mounds during the termites' nuptial flight.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Because the worker and soldier castes lack wings and thus never fly, and the reproductives use their wings for just a brief amount of time, termites predominantly rely upon their legs to move about.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Competition between two colonies always results in agonistic behaviour towards each other, resulting in fights. These fights can cause mortality on both sides and, in some cases, the gain or loss of territory. "Cemetery pits" may be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with each other to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This struggle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, with the king, takes over the colony.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting space. In particular, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative impact on arboreal nesting species.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien termite species. Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet and the composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony. Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with "Metarhizium anisopliae" spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates. Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: In some species, some soldiers block tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they may deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence. In cases where the intrusion is coming from a breach that is larger than the soldier's head, soldiers form a phalanx-like formation around the breach and bite at intruders. If an invasion carried out by "Megaponera analis" is successful, an entire colony may be destroyed, although this scenario is rare.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: To termites, any breach of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential breach, the soldiers usually bang their heads, apparently to attract other soldiers for defence and to recruit additional workers to repair any breach. Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites which causes them to be alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which is also a way to recruit extra workers.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Workers use several different strategies to deal with their dead, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether. To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries away a corpse from the colony to dispose of it elsewhere. Which strategy is used depends on the nature of the corpse a worker is dealing with (i.e. the age of the carcass).

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Termites are known to carry pollen and regularly visit flowers, so are regarded as potential pollinators for a number of flowering plants. One flower in particular, "Rhizanthella gardneri", is regularly pollinated by foraging workers, and it is perhaps the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Some species build complex nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form multiple nests, or calies, connected by subterranean chambers. The termite genera "Apicotermes" and "Trinervitermes" are known to have polycalic species. Polycalic nests appear to be less frequent in mound-building species although polycalic arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of "Nasutitermes".

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Drywood termites thrive in warm climates, and human activities can enable them to invade homes since they can be transported through contaminated goods, containers and ships. Colonies of termites have been seen thriving in warm buildings located in cold regions. Some termites are considered invasive species. "Cryptotermes brevis", the most widely introduced invasive termite species in the world, has been introduced to all the islands in the West Indies and to Australia.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: In addition to causing damage to buildings, termites can also damage food crops. Termites may attack trees whose resistance to damage is low but generally ignore fast-growing plants. Most attacks occur at harvest time; crops and trees are attacked during the dry season.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: 43 termite species are used as food by humans or are fed to livestock. These insects are particularly important in impoverished countries where malnutrition is common, as the protein from termites can help improve the human diet. Termites are consumed in many regions globally, but this practice has only become popular in developed nations in recent years.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: The development of autonomous robots capable of constructing intricate structures without human assistance has been inspired by the complex mounds that termites build. These robots work independently and can move by themselves on a tracked grid, capable of climbing and lifting up bricks. Such robots may be useful for future projects on Mars, or for building levees to prevent flooding.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: The Eastgate Centre is a shopping centre and office block in central Harare, Zimbabwe, whose architect, Mick Pearce, used passive cooling inspired by that used by the local termites. It was the first major building exploiting termite-inspired cooling techniques to attract international attention. Other such buildings include the Learning Resource Center at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa and the Council House 2 building in Melbourne, Australia.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Termite

Context: Few zoos hold termites, due to the difficulty in keeping them captive and to the reluctance of authorities to permit potential pests. One of the few that do, the Zoo Basel in Switzerland, has two thriving "Macrotermes bellicosus" populations – resulting in an event very rare in captivity: the mass migrations of young flying termites. This happened in September 2008, when thousands of male termites left their mound each night, died, and covered the floors and water pits of the house holding their exhibit.

Question: Сколько видов термитов есть всего на апрель 2019?


Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan

Context: The final and complete withdrawal of Soviet combatant forces from Afghanistan began on 15 May 1988 and ended on 15 February 1989 under the leadership of Colonel-General Boris Gromov.

Question: Кто руководил выводом советских войск из Афганистана?


Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan

Context: Najibullah's policy of "national reconciliation" went just far enough to antagonize hard-liners in the PDPA but not far enough to win over significant local tribal and ethnic leaders to support of his government.

Question: Кто руководил выводом советских войск из Афганистана?


Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan

Context: it was desirable to withdraw within the framework of an international agreement, however flawed, rather than to proceed independently. "We weren't thinking only of Afghanistan," recalled Vadim Zagladin. "There were many processes taking place at that time. The INF agreement on missiles in Europe was particularly important, and all of these things were interconnected."

Question: Кто руководил выводом советских войск из Афганистана?


Jews

Context: Jews (, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah. Jewish ethnicity, nationhood, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the ethnic religion of the Jewish people, although its observance varies from strict to none.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: The modern State of Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. It defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state in its Basic Laws, particularly in —which is based on the Israeli Declaration of Independence—and . Israel's Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to Jews who have expressed their desire to settle in the Jewish state.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Jews have significantly influenced and contributed to human progress in many fields, both historically and in modern times, including in science and technology, philosophy, ethics, literature, politics, business, art, music, comedy, theatre, cinema, architecture, food, medicine, and religion. Jews wrote the Bible, were the founders of early Christianity, and had an indirect but profound influence on Islam. In these ways, Jews have also played a significant role in the development of Western culture.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: The Hebrew word for "Jew" is , with the plural . Endonyms in other Jewish languages include the Ladino (plural , ) and the Yiddish (plural ).

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: The term Jew originated from the Roman "Judean" and denoted someone from the southern kingdom of Judah. The shift of ethnonym from "Israelites" to "Jews" (inhabitant of Judah), although not contained in the Torah, is made explicit in the Book of Esther (4th century BCE), a book in the Ketuvim, the third section of the Jewish Tanakh. In 587 BCE Nebuchadnezzar II, King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, besieged Jerusalem, destroyed the First Temple, and deported the most prominent citizens of Judah.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: The Jewish people and the religion of Judaism are strongly interrelated. Converts to Judaism typically have a status within the Jewish "ethnos" equal to those born into it. However, several converts to Judaism, as well as ex-Jews, have claimed that converts are treated as second-class Jews by many born Jews.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Conversion is not encouraged by mainstream Judaism, and it is considered a difficult task. A significant portion of conversions are undertaken by children of mixed marriages, or would-be or current spouses of Jews.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: For over sixteen centuries Hebrew was used almost exclusively as a liturgical language, and as the language in which most books had been written on Judaism, with a few speaking only Hebrew on the Sabbath. Hebrew was revived as a spoken language by Eliezer ben Yehuda, who arrived in Palestine in 1881. It had not been used as a mother tongue since Tannaic times. Modern Hebrew is designated as the "State language" of Israel.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: The three most commonly spoken languages among Jews today are Hebrew, English, and Russian. Some Romance languages, particularly French and Spanish, are also widely used. Yiddish has been spoken by more Jews in history than any other language, but it is far less used today following the Holocaust and the adoption of Modern Hebrew by the Zionist movement and the State of Israel.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: "the mere presence of the language in spoken or written form could invoke the concept of a Jewish national identity. Even if one knew no Hebrew or was illiterate, one could recognize that a group of signs was in Hebrew script. … It was the language of the Israelite ancestors, the national literature, and the national religion. As such it was inseparable from the national identity. Indeed its mere presence in visual or aural medium could invoke that identity."

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: It is believed that Jewish nationalist sentiment in antiquity was encouraged because under foreign rule (Persians, Greeks, Romans) Jews were able to claim that they were an ancient nation. This claim was based on the preservation and reverence of their scriptures, the Hebrew language, the Temple and priesthood, and other traditions of their ancestors.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Smaller groups include, but are not restricted to, Indian Jews such as the Bene Israel, Bnei Menashe, Cochin Jews, and Bene Ephraim; the Romaniotes of Greece; the Italian Jews ("Italkim" or "Bené Roma"); the Teimanim from Yemen; various African Jews, including most numerously the Beta Israel of Ethiopia; and Chinese Jews, most notably the Kaifeng Jews, as well as various other distinct but now almost extinct communities.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Although historically, Jews have been found all over the world, in the decades since World War II and the establishment of Israel, they have increasingly concentrated in a small number of countries. In 2013, the United States and Israel were collectively home to more than 80 percent of the global Jewish population, each country having approximately 41 percent of the world's Jews.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics there were 13,421,000 Jews worldwide in 2009, roughly 0.19 percent of the world's population at the time.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: According to the 2007 estimates of The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, the world's Jewish population is 13.2 million. Adherents.com cites figures ranging from 12 to 18 million. These statistics incorporate both practicing Jews affiliated with synagogues and the Jewish community, and approximately 4.5 million unaffiliated and secular Jews.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: According to Sergio Della Pergola, a demographer of the Jewish population, in 2015 there were about 6.3 million Jews in Israel, 5.7 million in the United States, and 2.3 million in the rest of the world.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Israel, the Jewish nation-state, is the only country in which Jews make up a majority of the citizens. Israel was established as an independent democratic and Jewish state on 14 May 1948. Of the 120 members in its parliament, the Knesset, , 14 members of the Knesset are Arab citizens of Israel (not including the Druze), most representing Arab political parties. One of Israel's Supreme Court judges is also an Arab citizen of Israel.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: A trickle of immigrants from other communities has also arrived, including Indian Jews and others, as well as some descendants of Ashkenazi Holocaust survivors who had settled in countries such as the United States, Argentina, Australia, Chile, and South Africa. Some Jews have emigrated from Israel elsewhere, because of economic problems or disillusionment with political conditions and the continuing Arab–Israeli conflict. Jewish Israeli emigrants are known as yordim.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Outside Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, and the rest of Asia, there are significant Jewish populations in Australia (112,500) and South Africa (70,000). There is also a 6,800-strong community in New Zealand.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: The Jewish people and Judaism have experienced various persecutions throughout Jewish history. During Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages the Roman Empire (in its later phases known as the Byzantine Empire) repeatedly repressed the Jewish population, first by ejecting them from their homelands during the pagan Roman era and later by officially establishing them as second-class citizens during the Christian Roman era.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: According to James Carroll, "Jews accounted for 10% of the total population of the Roman Empire. By that ratio, if other factors had not intervened, there would be 200 million Jews in the world today, instead of something like 13 million."

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Later in medieval Western Europe, further persecutions of Jews by Christians occurred, notably during the Crusades—when Jews all over Germany were massacred—and a series of expulsions from the Kingdom of England, Germany, France, and, in the largest expulsion of all, Spain and Portugal after the Reconquista (the Catholic Reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula), where both unbaptized Sephardic Jews and the ruling Muslim Moors were expelled.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: In the Papal States, which existed until 1870, Jews were required to live only in specified neighborhoods called ghettos.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Many Jews were exiled again by the Roman Empire. The 2,000 year dispersion of the Jewish diaspora beginning under the Roman Empire, as Jews were spread throughout the Roman world and, driven from land to land, settled wherever they could live freely enough to practice their religion. Over the course of the diaspora the center of Jewish life moved from Babylonia to the Iberian Peninsula to Poland to the United States and, as a result of Zionism, back to Israel.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: During the 19th century, France's policies of equal citizenship regardless of religion led to the immigration of Jews (especially from Eastern and Central Europe). This contributed to the arrival of millions of Jews in the New World. Over two million Eastern European Jews arrived in the United States from 1880 to 1925.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: In summary, the pogroms in Eastern Europe, the rise of modern antisemitism, the Holocaust, and the rise of Arab nationalism all served to fuel the movements and migrations of huge segments of Jewry from land to land and continent to continent, until they arrived back in large numbers at their original historical homeland in Israel.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: In the latest phase of migrations, the Islamic Revolution of Iran caused many Iranian Jews to flee Iran. Most found refuge in the US (particularly Los Angeles, California and Long Island, New York) and Israel. Smaller communities of Persian Jews exist in Canada and Western Europe. Similarly, when the Soviet Union collapsed, many of the Jews in the affected territory (who had been refuseniks) were suddenly allowed to leave. This produced a wave of migration to Israel in the early 1990s.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Israel is the only country with a Jewish population that is consistently growing through natural population growth, although the Jewish populations of other countries, in Europe and North America, have recently increased through immigration. In the Diaspora, in almost every country the Jewish population in general is either declining or steady, but Orthodox and Haredi Jewish communities, whose members often shun birth control for religious reasons, have experienced rapid population growth.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Orthodox and Conservative Judaism discourage proselytism to non-Jews, but many Jewish groups have tried to reach out to the assimilated Jewish communities of the Diaspora in order for them to reconnect to their Jewish roots. Additionally, while in principle Reform Judaism favors seeking new members for the faith, this position has not translated into active proselytism, instead taking the form of an effort to reach out to non-Jewish spouses of intermarried couples.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Jews

Context: Jews have made many contributions to humanity in a broad and diverse range of fields, including the sciences, arts, politics, and business. For example, over 20 percent of Nobel Prize laureates have been of Jewish descent, with multiple winners in each category.

Question: Сколько евреев живет в России на 2019 год?


Greek language

Context: Pronouns show distinctions in person (1st, 2nd, and 3rd), number (singular, dual, and plural in the ancient language; singular and plural alone in later stages), and gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter), and decline for case (from six cases in the earliest forms attested to four in the modern language). Nouns, articles, and adjectives show all the distinctions except for a person. Both attributive and predicative adjectives agree with the noun.

Question: На чем писали древние греки?


Greek language

Context: The Yevanic dialect was written by Romaniote and Constantinopolitan Karaite Jews using the Hebrew Alphabet.

Question: На чем писали древние греки?


Greek language

Context: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

Question: На чем писали древние греки?


Inti

Context: The Inca dedicated many ceremonies to the Sun in order to ensure the Sapa Inca's welfare. The sun was also important to the Incas, particularly the people of the highlands, because it was necessary for the production of crops like maize and other grains. The sun's heat was also thought to cause rain. During the rainy season the sun was hotter and brighter, while during the dry season it was weaker.

Question: Как звали верховного бога инков?


Inti

Context: The female priests had a different specialized purpose during the solstice, as the sun was said to have foretold of a death that would end the line of the Sun in the Incan Empire. After the solstice, the "mamakuna" would begin a fasting area, to hopefully bring them closer to the sorrow of the sun, so that they might understand what was going to happen and prevent the wrong-doing from happening.

Question: Как звали верховного бога инков?


Inti

Context: The temples often have the most embellishment, with the designs inside being done of gold and other jewels. Thus, adding to the status of those who worshipped within the building for the sun, and to show that there is some sacrifice to the god by giving the temple these glories that would no longer be used for the people of the civilization, but the god instead.

Question: Как звали верховного бога инков?


Inti

Context: This festival was attended by the four sectors of Tawantinsuyu. Military captains, government officials, and the vassals who attended were dressed in their best costumes and carried their best weapons and instruments.

Question: Как звали верховного бога инков?


Inti

Context: One example of the symbolism that could be found outside of the Incan culture would be the Sun Gate in Tiwanaku. The sun gate found here has significant impact on the solar archaeology of the sight as it shows great insight into the position of the sun on days of importance, such as both solstices and equinoxes.

Question: Как звали верховного бога инков?


Inti

Context: The Sun is also depicted on the coat of arms of Bolivia, coat of arms of Argentina and coat of arms of Ecuador, as well as the historical flag of Peru. All these countries were historically part of the Incan Empire. It is also depicted on the Hispanic flag.

Question: Как звали верховного бога инков?


Kurt Cobain

Context: Kurt Donald Cobain (February 20, 1967 – April 5, 1994) was an American singer, songwriter and artist. He was the guitarist, lead vocalist and primary songwriter of the rock band Nirvana. Through his angst-fueled songwriting and anti-establishment persona, Cobain's compositions widened the thematic conventions of mainstream rock. He was heralded as a spokesman of Generation X and is considered one of the most influential musicians in the history of alternative rock.

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: Cobain was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, along with Nirvana bandmates Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl, in their first year of eligibility in 2014. "Rolling Stone" included Cobain in its lists of the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time, 100 Greatest Guitarists, and 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. He was ranked 7th by MTV in the "22 Greatest Voices in Music". In 2006, he was placed 20th by "Hit Parader" on their list of the "100 Greatest Metal Singers of All Time".

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: Cobain developed an interest in music at a young age. According to his aunt Mari, he began singing at the age of two. At age four, he started playing the piano and singing, writing a song about a trip to a park. He listened to artists including the Ramones and Electric Light Orchestra (ELO), and, from a young age, would sing songs including Arlo Guthrie's "Motorcycle Song", the Beatles' "Hey Jude", Terry Jacks' "Seasons in the Sun", and the theme song to the "Monkees" television show.

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: When Cobain was nine years old, his parents divorced. He later said the divorce had a profound effect on his life, and his mother noted that his personality changed dramatically; Cobain became defiant and withdrawn. In a 1993 interview, he said he felt "ashamed" of his parents as a child, and had desperately wanted to have a "typical family ... I wanted that security, so I resented my parents for quite a few years because of that."

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: On his 14th birthday on February 20, 1981, Cobain's uncle offered him either a bike or a used guitar; Kurt chose the guitar. Soon, he was trying to play Led Zeppelin's song "Stairway to Heaven". He also learned how to play "Louie Louie", Queen's "Another One Bites the Dust", and the Cars' "My Best Friend's Girl", before he began working on his own songs. Cobain played left-handed, despite being forced to write right-handed.

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: In 1992, Cobain contacted William S. Burroughs about a possible collaboration. Burroughs responded by sending him a recording of "The Junky's Christmas" (which he recorded in his studio in Lawrence, Kansas). Two months later at a studio in Seattle, Cobain added guitar backing based on "Silent Night" and "To Anacreon in Heaven". The two would meet shortly later in Lawrence, Kansas and produce "The "Priest" They Called Him", a spoken word version of "The Junky's Christmas".

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: Cobain was also a fan of protopunk acts like the Stooges, whose 1973 album "Raw Power" he listed as his favorite of all time in his journals, and The Velvet Underground, whose 1968 song "Here She Comes Now" the band covered both live and in the studio.

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: Cobain was already aware of Love through her role in the 1987 film "Straight to Hell". According to True, the pair were formally introduced at an L7 and Butthole Surfers concert in Los Angeles in May 1991. In the weeks that followed, after learning from Grohl that Cobain shared mutual interests with her, Love began pursuing Cobain. In late 1991, the two were often together and bonded through drug use.

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: Throughout most of his life, Cobain suffered from chronic bronchitis and intense physical pain due to an undiagnosed chronic stomach condition. According to "The Telegraph", Cobain had depression. His cousin brought attention to the family history of suicide, mental illness and alcoholism, noting that two of her uncles had died by suicide with guns.

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: Cobain's heroin use began to affect Nirvana's "Nevermind" tour. During a 1992 photoshoot with Michael Lavine, he fell asleep several times, having used heroin beforehand. Cobain told biographer Michael Azerrad: "They're not going to be able to tell me to stop. So I really didn't care. Obviously to them it was like practicing witchcraft or something. They didn't know anything about it so they thought that any second, I was going to die."

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: The morning after the band's performance on "Saturday Night Live" in 1992, Cobain experienced his first near-death overdose after injecting heroin; Love resuscitated him. Prior to a performance at the New Music Seminar in New York City on July 23, 1993, Cobain suffered another overdose. Rather than calling for an ambulance, Love injected Cobain with naloxone to resuscitate him. Cobain proceeded to perform with Nirvana, giving the public no indication that anything had happened.

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: On March 18, 1994, Love phoned the Seattle police informing them that Cobain was suicidal and had locked himself in a room with a gun. Police arrived and confiscated several guns and a bottle of pills from Cobain, who insisted that he was not suicidal and had locked himself in the room to hide from Love.

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: "Music & Media" reporting on April 23, 1994, after Cobain had died, stated that Jorgen Larsen, the president of MCA Music Entertainment International was asked where he thought Cobain stood in terms of his contribution to contemporary music, and Larsen replied that "If anybody comes out of nowhere to sell 11 or 12 million albums you have to conclude that there's something there. He wasn't just a one-hit wonder".

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: In 2003, David Fricke of "Rolling Stone" ranked Cobain the 12th greatest guitarist of all time. He was later ranked the 73rd greatest guitarist and 45th greatest singer of all time by the same magazine, and by MTV as seventh in the "22 Greatest Voices in Music". In 2006, he was placed at number twenty by "Hit Parader" on their list of the "100 Greatest Metal Singers of All Time".

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: In 2009, ECW Press released a book titled "Grunge Is Dead: The Oral History of Seattle Rock Music". Written by Greg Prato, the book explored the history of grunge in detail, touching upon Nirvana and Cobain's life and death via interviews with former bandmates, friends, and various grunge-era contemporaries. A picture of Cobain from the "Bleach" era is used for the book's front cover, and its title comes from a shirt that Cobain was once photographed wearing.

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?


Kurt Cobain

Context: Cobain was also apparently 'the biggest influence' on the 2020 novel "Dead Rock Stars", by the English author Guy Mankowski, particularly given Cobain's "message of feminism". Of the musician, Mankowski said, "I think he raised the consciousness."

Question: Во сколько лет умер Курт Кобейн?