Sally Hemings

Context: In 1789, Sally and James Hemings returned to the United States with Jefferson, who was 46 years old and seven years a widower. As shown by Jefferson's father-in-law, John Wayles, wealthy Virginia widowers frequently had sexual relations with enslaved women. This would not have been seen as unusual for Jefferson either. White society simply expected such men to be discreet about these relationships.

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: According to Madison Hemings, Sally's first child died soon after her return from Paris. Hemings had six children after her return to the US; their complete names are in some cases uncertain:

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: Jefferson recorded births of enslaved peoples in his Farm Book. Unlike his practice in recording births of other enslaved peoples, he did not note the father of Sally Hemings' children.

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: In 2017, the Monticello Foundation announced that what they believe to be Hemings's room, adjacent to Jefferson's bedroom, had been found through an archeological excavation, as part of the Mountaintop Project. It was space that had been converted to other public uses in 1941. Hemings' room will be restored and refurbished as part of a major restoration project for the complex. Its goals include telling the stories of all the families at Monticello, both enslaved and free.

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: Although Jefferson inherited great wealth at a young age, he was bankrupt by the time he died. His entire estate, including most enslaved people, was sold by his daughter Martha to repay his debts.

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: In an interview in 2000, the historian Annette Gordon-Reed said of the change in historical scholarship about Jefferson and Hemings: "Symbolically, it's tremendously important for people ... as a way of inclusion. Nathan Huggins said that the Sally Hemings story was a way of establishing black people's birthright to America."

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: In 2012, the Smithsonian Institution and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation held a major exhibit at the National Museum of American History: "Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty"; it says that "the documentary and genetic evidence ... strongly support the conclusion that [Thomas] Jefferson was the father of Sally Hemings' children."

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: In 2008, Gordon-Reed published "", which explored the extended family, including James's and Sally's lives in France, Monticello and Philadelphia, during Thomas Jefferson's lifetime. She was not able to find much new information about Beverley or Harriet Hemings, who left Monticello as young adults, moving north and probably changing their names.

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: Madison's family were the only Monticello Hemings descendants who continued to identify with the black community. They intermarried within the community of free people of color before the Civil War. Over time, some of their descendants passed into the white community, while many others continued within the black community.

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: A third son, William Hemings, enlisted in the regular Union Army as a white man. Madison's last known male-line descendant, William, never married and was not known to have had children. He died in 1910 in a veterans' hospital.

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: Some of Madison Hemings' children and grandchildren who remained in Ohio suffered from the limited opportunities for blacks at that time, working as laborers, servants, or small farmers. They tended to marry within the mixed-race community in the region, who eventually became established as people of education and property.

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Sally Hemings

Context: There are known male-line descendants of Eston Hemings Jefferson, and known female-line descendants of Madison Hemings' three daughters: Sarah, Harriet, and Ellen.

Question: サリー・ヘミングスは何年に死去しましたか？


Thirty Years' War

Context: The Thirty Years' War was largely waged within the Holy Roman Empire from 1618 to 1648. One of the most destructive wars in European history, it caused an estimated 4.5 to 8 million deaths, and some areas of Germany experienced population declines of over 50%. Related conflicts include the Eighty Years' War, the War of the Mantuan Succession, the Franco-Spanish War, and the Portuguese Restoration War.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: The Jesuit-educated Ferdinand once claimed he would rather see his lands destroyed than tolerate heresy for a single day. Appointed to rule the Duchy of Styria in 1595, within eighteen months he eliminated Protestantism in what was previously a stronghold of the Reformation. Focused on retaking the Netherlands, the Spanish Habsburgs preferred to avoid antagonising Protestants elsewhere, and recognised the dangers associated with Ferdinand's fervent Catholicism, but accepted the lack of alternatives.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: By mid-June 1619, the Bohemian army under Thurn was outside Vienna and although Mansfeld's defeat by Imperial forces at Sablat forced him to return to Prague, Ferdinand's position continued to worsen. Gabriel Bethlen, Calvinist Prince of Transylvania, invaded Hungary with Ottoman support, although the Habsburgs persuaded them to avoid direct involvement; this was helped when the Ottomans became involved in the 1620 Polish war, followed by the 1623 to 1639 conflict with Persia.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: With Saxony dominating the Upper Saxon Circle and Brandenburg the Lower, both "kreis" had remained neutral during the campaigns in Bohemia and the Palatinate. However, Frederick's deposition in 1623 meant John George of Saxony and the Calvinist George William, Elector of Brandenburg became concerned Ferdinand intended to reclaim formerly Catholic bishoprics currently held by Protestants. These fears seemed confirmed when Tilly restored the Roman Catholic Diocese of Halberstadt in early 1625.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: As Duke of Holstein, Christian IV was also a member of the Lower Saxon circle, while the Danish economy relied on the Baltic trade and tolls from traffic through the Øresund. In 1621, Hamburg accepted Danish 'supervision', while his son Frederick became joint-administrator of Lübeck, Bremen, and Verden; possession ensured Danish control of the Elbe and Weser rivers.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: With Austrian resources stretched by the outbreak of the War of the Mantuan Succession, Wallenstein persuaded Ferdinand to agree to relatively lenient terms in the June 1629 Treaty of Lübeck. Christian retained his German possessions of Schleswig and Holstein, in return for relinquishing Bremen and Verden, and abandoning support for the German Protestants. While Denmark kept Schleswig and Holstein until 1864, this effectively ended its reign as the predominant Nordic state.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: On 24 October, Ferdinand signed peace treaties with France and Sweden, ending the war. The treaties collectively known as the Peace of Westphalia would subsequently reshape the geopolitical, religious and military situation in Europe for the next half century.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: In 1639, their quarrel erupted into open warfare, with France backing Christine and Spain the two brothers, and resulted in the Siege of Turin. One of the most famous military events of the 17th century, at one stage it featured no less than three different armies besieging each other. However, the revolts in Portugal and Catalonia forced the Spanish to cease operations in Italy and the war was settled on terms favourable to Christine and France.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: The Dutch West India Company was formed in 1621 to achieve this purpose and a Dutch fleet captured the Brazilian port of Salvador, Bahia in 1624. After it was retaken by the Portuguese in 1625, a second fleet established Dutch Brazil in 1630, which was not returned until 1654. The second part was seizing slave trading hubs in Africa, chiefly Angola and São Tomé; supported by the Kingdom of Kongo, whose position was threatened by Portuguese expansion, the Dutch successfully occupied both in 1641.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: Spain's inability or unwillingness to provide protection against these attacks increased Portuguese resentment and were major factors in the outbreak of the Portuguese Restoration War in 1640. Although ultimately expelled from Brazil, Angola and São Tomé, the Dutch retained the Cape of Good Hope, as well as Portuguese trading posts in Malacca, the Malabar Coast, the Moluccas and Ceylon.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: It has been argued the Peace established the principle known as Westphalian sovereignty, the idea of non-interference in domestic affairs by outside powers, although this has since been challenged. The process, or 'Congress' model, was adopted for negotiations at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1668, Nijmegen in 1678, and Ryswick in 1697; unlike the 19th century 'Congress' system, these were to end wars, rather than prevent them, so references to the 'balance of power' can be misleading.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Thirty Years' War

Context: France arguably gained more from the Thirty Years' War than any other power; by 1648, most of Richelieu's objectives had been achieved. These included separation of the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs, expansion of the French frontier into the Empire, and an end to Spanish military supremacy in Northern Europe. Although the Franco-Spanish conflict continued until 1659, Westphalia allowed Louis XIV to begin replacing Spain as the predominant European power.

Question: クリスチャン4世の宗教は何だった？


Khufu

Context: Khufu or Cheops was an ancient Egyptian monarch who was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC). Khufu succeeded his father Sneferu as king. He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are poorly documented.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: The only completely preserved portrait of the king is a three-inch high ivory figurine found in a temple ruin of a later period at Abydos in 1903. All other reliefs and statues were found in fragments, and many buildings of Khufu are lost. Everything known about Khufu comes from inscriptions in his necropolis at Giza and later documents. For example, Khufu is the main character noted in the Westcar Papyrus from the 13th dynasty.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: Most documents that mention king Khufu were written by ancient Egyptian and Greek historians around 300 BC. Khufu's obituary is presented there in a conflicting way: while the king enjoyed a long-lasting cultural heritage preservation during the period of the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom, the ancient historians Manetho, Diodorus and Herodotus hand down a very negative depiction of Khufu's character. Thanks to these documents, an obscure and critical picture of Khufu's personality persists.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: The pharaoh officially used two versions of his birth name: "Khnum-khuf" and "Khufu". The first (complete) version clearly exhibits Khufu's religious loyalty to Khnum, the second (shorter) version does not. It is unknown as to why the king would use a shortened name version since it hides the name of Khnum and the king's name connection to this god. It might be possible though, that the short name wasn't meant to be connected to any god at all.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: Khufu is well-known under his Hellenized name , Khéops or Cheops (, , by Diodorus and Herodotus) and less well-known under another Hellenized name, , Súphis (, , by Manetho). A rare version of the name of Khufu, used by Josephus, is , Sofe (, ). Arab historians, who wrote mystic stories about Khufu and the Giza pyramids, called him Saurid () or Salhuk (سلهوق).

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: It is still unclear how long Khufu ruled over Egypt, because historically later documents contradict each other and contemporary sources are scarce. The Royal Canon of Turin from the 19th Dynasty however, gives 23 years of rulership for Khufu. The ancient historian Herodotus gives 50 years and the ancient historian Manetho even credits him 63 years of reign. These figures are now considered an exaggeration or a misinterpretation of antiquated sources.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: In an attempt to solve the riddle around Khufu's true length of rulership, modern Egyptologists point to Sneferu's reign, when the cattle count was held every second year of a king's rulership. The cattle count as an economic event served the tax collection in the whole of Egypt. Newer evaluation of contemporary documents and the Palermo stone inscription strengthen the theory that the cattle count under Khufu was still performed biennially, not annually, as thought earlier.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: The Palermo Stone reports on its fragment "C-2" the creation of two oversize standing statues for the king; one is said to have been made of copper, the other of pure gold.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: Two further objects are on display at the Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum Hildesheim. These are also made of alabaster. One of them shows the head of a cat goddess (most probably Bastet or Sekhmet). The position of her right arm suggests that the bust once belonged to a statue group similar to the well known triad of Mycerinus.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: Several statue heads might have belonged to Khufu. One of them is the so-called "Brooklyn head" of the Brooklyn Museum in New York City. It is 54,3 cm large and made of pink granite. Because of its chubby cheeks the head is assigned to Khufu as well as to king Huni. A similar object is on display at the State Collection of Egyptian Art in Munich. The head is made of limestone and is comparatively small at only 5,7 cm.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: At the Wadi Maghareh in Sinai a rock inscription contains Khufu's names and titles and reports: ""Hor-Medjedu, Khnum-Khuf, Bikuj-Nebu", the great god and smiter of the troglodytes, all protection and life are with him". The work-off of the relief is similar to that of king Snefru. In one scene king Khufu wears the double-crown; nearby, the depiction of the god Thoth is visible. In another scene, close by, Khufu wears the "Atef"-crown while smiting an enemy. In this scene the god Wepwawet is present.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: None of the numerous relief fragments shows king Khufu offering to a god. This is remarkable, since reliefs of Sneferu and those of all kings from Menkaura onward show the king offering to a deity. It is possible that the lack of this special depiction influenced later ancient Greek historians in their assumptions that Khufu could have actually closed all temples and prohibited any sacrifice.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: The pyramid complex of Khufu was erected in the northeastern section of the plateau of Giza. It is possible that the lack of building space, the lack of local limestone quarries and the loosened ground at Dahshur forced Khufu to move north, away from the pyramid of his predecessor Sneferu. Khufu chose the high end of a natural plateau so that his future pyramid would be widely visible. Khufu decided to call his pyramid "Akhet-Khufu" (meaning "horizon of Khufu").

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: Herodotus closes the story of the evil kings in chapter 128 with the words: "These kings the Egyptians (because of their hate against them) are not very willing to say their names. What's more, they even call the pyramids after the name of "Philítîs" the shepherd, who at that time pastured flocks in those regions."

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: Diodorus states that the Khufu pyramid was beautifully covered in white, but the top was said to be capped. The pyramid therefore already had no pyramidion anymore. He also thinks that the pyramid was built with ramps, which were removed during the finishing of the limestone shell. Diodorus estimates that the total number of workers was 300,000 and that the building works lasted for 20 years.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: In 642 A.D. the Arabs conquered Egypt. Upon arriving at the Giza pyramids, they searched for explanations as to who could have built these monuments. By this time, no inhabitant of Egypt was able to tell and no one could translate the Egyptian hieroglyphs anymore. As a consequence, the Arab historians wrote down their own theories and stories.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: The best known story about Khufu and his pyramid can be found in the book "Hitat" (completely: "al-Mawāʿiẓ wa-’l-iʿtibār fī ḏikr al-ḫiṭaṭ wa-’l-ʾāṯār"), written in 1430 by Muhammad al-Maqrizi (1364–1442). This book contains several collected theories and myths about Khufu, especially about the Great Pyramid. Though King Khufu himself is seldom mentioned, many Arab writers were convinced that the Great Pyramid (and the others, too) were built by the god Hermes (named "Idris" by the Arabs).

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: The famous Lamentation Texts from the First Intermediate Period reveal some interesting views about the monumental tombs from the past; they were at that time seen as proof of vanity. However, they give no hint of a negative reputation of the kings themselves, and thus they do not judge Khufu in a negative way.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: Films which deal with Khufu, or have the Great Pyramid as a subject, include Howard Hawks' "Land of the Pharaohs" from 1955, a fictional account of the building of the Great Pyramid of Khufu, and Roland Emmerich's "Stargate" from 1994, in which an extraterrestrial device is found near the pyramids.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Khufu

Context: Khufu and his pyramid are the objects of pseudoscientific theories purporting that Khufu's pyramid was built with the help of extraterrestrials and that Khufu simply seized and re-used the monument, ignoring archaeological evidence or even falsifying it.

Question: クヌム・クフの性格は？


Mongol Derby

Context: In addition to enduring the distance of the trek, some challenges faced by the participants include, a high probability of injury associated with riding 25 different unfamiliar and "semi-wild" Mongol horses, travelling through remote and unmarked territory in a variety of landscapes, exposure to harsh elements, physical discomfort and exhaustion, and rules of the race, such as restricted riding hours allowed each day.

Question: 世界最大規模の競馬レースは何？


Nate Archibald

Context: Nathaniel "Tiny" Archibald (born September 2, 1948) is an American retired professional basketball player. He spent 14 years playing in the National Basketball Association (NBA), most notably with the Cincinnati Royals, Kansas City–Omaha Kings and Boston Celtics. In 1991, he was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

Question: ナサニエル・アーチボルトはドラフト何巡目で指名された？


Nate Archibald

Context: Archibald was a willing passer and an adequate shooter from midrange. However, it was his quickness, speed and shiftiness that made him difficult to guard in the open court, as he would regularly drive past defenders on his way to the basket.

Question: ナサニエル・アーチボルトはドラフト何巡目で指名された？


Nate Archibald

Context: On November 18, 1972, Archibald recorded 51 points and 14 assists in a 127–117 win over the Houston Rockets.

Question: ナサニエル・アーチボルトはドラフト何巡目で指名された？


Nate Archibald

Context: During the 1975 NBA Playoffs, Archibald made the postseason for the first time in his career after the then-Kansas City Kings finished 44-38 in the regular season. Archibald went on to average 20.2 points and 5.3 assists in a six game series loss in the first round to Bob Love and the Chicago Bulls.

Question: ナサニエル・アーチボルトはドラフト何巡目で指名された？


Nate Archibald

Context: Although he was the Kings' most popular player, he was traded to the New York Nets for two first round draft picks (future all-star Otis Birdsong and rookie of the year Phil Ford), Jim Eakins and Brian Taylor in 1976. Archibald would go on to average a comparatively low 20.5 points per game in his 34 games with the Nets.

Question: ナサニエル・アーチボルトはドラフト何巡目で指名された？


Nate Archibald

Context: Injured for much of the 1976–77 season, he was traded by the Nets to the Buffalo Braves before the 1977–78 season, again for two first round draft picks (this time eventually becoming renowned defender Michael Ray Richardson and prolific scorer Clifford Robinson), as well as George Johnson. Archibald tore his Achilles tendon and never played a regular-season game for the Braves.

Question: ナサニエル・アーチボルトはドラフト何巡目で指名された？


Nate Archibald

Context: On February 15, 1982, Archibald recorded a tenure-high 23 assists in a 145-144 win over the Denver Nuggets.

Question: ナサニエル・アーチボルトはドラフト何巡目で指名された？


Nate Archibald

Context: In 1983, after being waived by the Celtics, Archibald played his final season on the Bucks, starting at point guard for all 46 games he played in.

Question: ナサニエル・アーチボルトはドラフト何巡目で指名された？


Suguru Osako

Context: is a Japanese long-distance runner. He won the 10,000 metres gold medal at the 2011 Summer Universiade in Shenzhen and holds the Asian junior record for the half marathon. He held the Japanese National Record for the marathon of 2:05:29 set at the 2020 Tokyo Marathon, where he finished fourth.

Question: 日本人で初めて１５００Ｍで３分５０秒を切ったのは誰？


Suguru Osako

Context: He finished third in the 2018 Chicago Marathon with the national record at the time of 2:05:50 h, earning him 100 Million Yen.

Question: 日本人で初めて１５００Ｍで３分５０秒を切ったのは誰？


Suguru Osako

Context: He finished fourth in the 2020 Tokyo Marathon where he broke his own national record with a time of 2:05:29.

Question: 日本人で初めて１５００Ｍで３分５０秒を切ったのは誰？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: For the next two centuries, Anatolian Beyliks were under the suzerainty of the Mongols, especially the Ilkhanate. All coins minted during this period in Anatolia show Ilkhanate rulers.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: From the 1260s onward Anatolia increasingly began to slip from Byzantine control, as Turkish Anatolian beyliks were established both in formerly Byzantine lands and in the territory of the fragmenting Seljuk Sultanate.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: The Ottoman dynasty is named after the first ruler of the Ottoman polity, Osman I. According to later Ottoman tradition, he was descended from a Turkic tribe which migrated out of Central Asia in the wake of the Mongol Conquests. As evidenced by coins minted during his reign, Osman's father was named Ertuğrul, but beyond this the details "are too mythological to be taken for granted."

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: The origin of the Ottoman dynasty isn't known for sure but it is known that it was established by Turks from Central Asia, who migrated to Anatolia and were under Mongol suzerainty.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: and the family of Hranislav, which was Bulgarian. Islam and Persian culture were part of Ottoman self-identity from the start, as evidenced by a land grant issued by Osman's son Orhan in 1324, describing him as "Champion of the Faith".

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Anatolia and the Balkans were greatly impacted by the arrival of the Black Death after 1347. Urban centers and settled regions were devastated, while nomadic groups suffered less of an impact. The first Ottoman incursions into the Balkans began shortly thereafter. Depopulation resulting from the plague was thus almost certainly a major factor in the success of early Ottoman expansion into the Balkans, and contributed to the weakening of the Byzantine Empire and the depopulation of Constantinople.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: During this early period, before the Ottomans were able to establish a centralized system of government in the middle of the fifteenth century, the rulers' powers were "far more circumscribed, and depended heavily upon coalitions of support and alliances reached" among various power-holders within the empire, including Turkic tribal leaders and Balkan allies and vassals.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: The early Ottoman state's expansion was fueled by the military activity of frontier warriors (), of whom the Ottoman ruler was initially merely "primus inter pares". Much of the state's centralization was carried out in opposition to these frontier warriors, who resented Ottoman efforts to control them. Ultimately, the Ottomans managed to harness "gazi" military power while increasingly subordinating them.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: The early Ottomans were noteworthy for the low tax rates which they imposed on their subjects. This reflected both an ideological concern for the well-being of their subjects, and also a pragmatic need to earn the loyalty of newly conquered populations. In the fifteenth century, the Ottoman state became more centralized and the tax burden increased, prompting criticism from writers.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: An important factor in Ottoman success was their ability to preserve the empire across generations. Other Turkic groups frequently divided their realms between the sons of a deceased ruler. The Ottomans consistently kept the empire united under a single heir.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: The warriors in Osman's service came from diverse backgrounds. Known variously as "gazi"s and (raiders), they were attracted to his success and joined out of a desire to win plunder and glory. Most of Osman's early followers were Muslim Turks of tribal origin, while others were of Byzantine origin, either Christians or recent converts to Islam.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: The Ottomans began employing gunpowder weapons in the 1380s at the latest. By the 1420s they were regularly using cannons in siege warfare. Cannons were also used for fortress defense, and shore batteries allowed the Ottomans to bypass a Crusader blockade of the Dardanelles in 1444. By that time, handheld firearms had also come into use, and were adopted by some of the janissaries.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Osman I strengthened his legitimacy by marrying the daughter of Sheikh Edebali, a prominent local religious leader who was said to have been at the head of a community of dervishes on the frontier. Later Ottoman writers embellished this event by depicting Osman as having experienced a dream while staying with Edebali, in which it was foretold that his descendants would rule over a vast empire.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: In addition to fighting the Byzantines, Orhan also conquered the Turkish principality of Karesi in 1345-6, thus placing all potential crossing points to Europe in Ottoman hands. The experienced Karesi warriors were incorporated into the Ottoman military, and were a valuable asset in subsequent campaigns into the Balkans.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: In taking control over the passageways to Europe, the Ottomans gained a significant advantage over their rival Turkish principalities in Anatolia, as they now could gain immense prestige and wealth from conquests carried out on the Balkan frontier.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Given Serbia's preeminence in the Balkans under Tsar Stefan Dušan, its rapid dissolution following his death in 1355 was dramatic. The powerful regional Serb nobles demonstrated little respect for his successor, Stefan Uroš V. Young, weak Uroš was incapable of ruling as his father had. The separatist-minded "bojars" were quick to take advantage of the situation, and Serbia fragmented.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: By the mid-1380s Murad's attention once again focused on the Balkans. With his Bulgarian vassal Shishman preoccupied by a war with Wallachian Voievod Dan I of Wallachia (ca. 1383-86), in 1385 Murad took Sofia, the last remaining Bulgarian possession south of the Balkan Mountains, opening the way toward strategically located Niš, the northern terminus of the important Vardar-Morava highway.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Savra field battle was fought on 18 September 1385 between Ottoman and Serbian forces. The Ottomans were victorious and most of the local Serbian and Albanian lords became vassals.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Murad returned from Anatolia in 1388 and launched a lightning campaign against the Bulgarian rulers Shishman and Sratsimir, who swiftly were forced into vassal submission. He then demanded that Lazar proclaim his vassalage and pay tribute. Confident because of the victory at Plocnik, the Serbian prince refused and turned to Tvrtko of Bosnia and Vuk Brankovic, his son-in-law and independent ruler of northern Macedonia and Kosovo, for aid against the certain Ottoman retaliatory offensive.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Bayezid I (often given the epithet "Yıldırım", "the Thunderbolt") succeeded to the sultanship upon the assassination of his father Murad. In a rage over the attack, he ordered all Serbian captives killed; Beyazid became known as "Yıldırım", the lightning bolt, for the speed with which his empire expanded.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Bayezid, "the Thunderbolt", lost little time in expanding Ottoman Balkan conquests. He followed up on his victory by raiding throughout Serbia and southern Albania, forcing most of the local princes into vassalage. Both to secure the southern stretch of the Vardar-Morava highway and to establish a firm base for permanent expansion westward to the Adriatic coast, Bayezid settled large numbers of ‘’yürüks’’ along the Vardar River valley in Macedonia.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: The appearance of Turk raiders at Hungary's southern borders awakened the Hungarian King Sigismund of Luxemburg (1387–1437) to the danger that the Ottomans posed to his kingdom, and he sought out Balkan allies for a new anti-Ottoman coalition.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: When the Moreans later reneged on their Serres agreement with Bayezid, the angered Ottoman ruler blockaded the Morean despot's imperial brother Manuel II in Constantinople and then marched southward and annexed Thessaly. The Duchy of Athens accepted Ottoman overlordship when Turkish forces appeared on its border. Although a massive Ottoman punitive raid into the Peloponnese in 1395 netted much booty, events in the Balkans’ northeast saved Morea from further direct attack at the time.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: After the defeat at Ankara followed a time of total chaos in the Empire. Mongols roamed free in Anatolia and the political power of the sultan was broken. After Beyazid was captured, his remaining sons, Suleiman Çelebi, İsa Çelebi, Mehmed Çelebi, and Musa Çelebi fought each other in what became known as the Ottoman Interregnum.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: When Mehmed Çelebi stood as victor in 1413 he crowned himself in Edirne (Adrianople) as Mehmed I. His was the duty to restore the Ottoman Empire to its former glory. The Empire had suffered hard from the interregnum; the Mongols were still at large in the east, even though Timur had died in 1405; many of the Christian kingdoms of the Balkans had broken free of Ottoman control; and the land, especially Anatolia, had suffered hard from the war.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Mehmed generally resorted to diplomacy rather than militancy in dealing with the situation. While he did conduct raiding expeditions into neighboring European lands, which returned much of Albania to Ottoman control and forced Bosnian King-Ban Tvrtko II Kotromanić (1404–09, 1421–45), along with many Bosnian regional nobles, to accept formal Ottoman vassalage, Mehmed conducted only one actual war with the Europeans — a short and indecisive conflict with Venice.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Mehmed spent the rest of his reign reorganizing Ottoman state structures disrupted by the interregnum. When Mehmed died in 1421, one of his sons, Murad, became sultan.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Murad II spent his early years on the throne disposing of rivals and rebellions, most notably the revolts of the Serbs. He also had problems at home. He subdued the rebels of his uncle Mustafa Çelebi and brother Küçük Mustafa.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: In 1422, Murad II laid siege to Constantinople for several months and lifted it only after forcing the Byzantine emperor, Manuel II Palaiologos to pay additional tribute.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: In 1422 the first regular war against Venice began with the Siege of Thessalonica (1422–30). Byzantine involvement in the war ended with the transfer of the city to the Venetian Republic in 1423, which ended Murad's siege of Constantinople. Thessalonica continued to be under siege until 1430, with the Turkish sack of the city.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: On the request of its inhabitants, Venetian troops took control of the city of Salonika (Thessaloniki). The Ottoman army that laid siege to the city knew nothing of the transfer of power, and a number of Venetian soldiers were killed by Ottoman troops, believing them to be Greeks. Murad II had been on peaceful terms with Venice, so the Venetians deemed the act unacceptable and declared full war.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: On November 11, 1444, Murad defeated the Polish–Hungarian army of Wladislaus III of Poland led by Janos Hunyadi at the Battle of Varna.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Murad was reinstated with the help of the Janissaries in 1446. Another peace treaty was signed in 1448 giving the Empire Wallachia and Bulgaria and a part of Albania. After the Balkan front was secured, Murad turned east and defeated Timur Lenk's son, Shah Rukh, and the emirates of Candar and Karaman in Anatolia.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: At 1448, John Hunyadi saw the right moment to lead a campaign against the Ottoman Empire. After the Defeat of Varna (1444), he raised another army to attack the Ottomans. His strategy based on possible revolt of Balkan people and the surprise attack, also the assumption to destroy the main force of the Ottomans in a single battle. Hunyadi was totally immodest and led his forces without leaving any escort behind.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Murad died in the winter 1450–1451 in Edirne. Some have it that he was wounded in a battle against Skanderbeg's Albanian guerillas.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Context: Mehmed II (called "Fatih", the Conqueror) again came to the Ottoman throne following Murad's death in 1451. But by conquering and annexing the emirate of Karamanid (May–June, 1451) and by renewing the peace treaties with Venice (September 10) and Hungary (November 20) Mehmed II proved his skills both on the military and the political front and was soon accepted by the noble class of the Ottoman court.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ栄えた？


Bonn

Context: The headquarters of Deutsche Post DHL and Deutsche Telekom, both DAX-listed corporations, are in Bonn. The city is home to the University of Bonn and a total of 20 United Nations institutions, the highest number in all of Germany. These institutions include the headquarters for Secretariat of the UN Framework Convention Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Secretariat of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and the UN Volunteers programme.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: Situated in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany's largest metropolitan area with over 11 million inhabitants, Bonn lies within the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, on the border with Rhineland-Palatinate. Spanning an area of more on both sides of the river Rhine, almost three-quarters of the city lies on the river's left bank.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: In 1969, the independent towns of Bad Godesberg and Beuel as well as several villages were incorporated into Bonn, resulting in a city more than twice as large as before.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: In 1794, the city was seized by French troops, becoming a part of the First French Empire. In 1815 following the Napoleonic Wars, Bonn became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Administered within the Prussian Rhine Province, the city became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany. Bonn was of little relevance in these years.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: During the Second World War, Bonn acquired military significance because of its strategic location on the Rhine, which formed a natural barrier to easy penetration into the German heartland from the west. The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Bonn on 7 March 1945, and the US 1st Infantry Division captured the city during the battle of 8–9 March 1945.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: In 1949, the Parliamentary Council in Bonn drafted and adopted the current German constitution, the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. As the political centre of West Germany, Bonn saw six Chancellors and six Presidents of the Federal Republic of Germany. Bonn's time as the capital of West Germany is commonly referred to as the Bonn Republic, in contrast to the Berlin Republic which followed reunification in 1990.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The current Mayor of Bonn is Katja Dörner of Alliance 90/The Greens since 2020. She defeated incumbent mayor Ashok-Alexander Sridharan in the most recent mayoral election, which was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September. The results were as follows:

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: Four delegates represent the Federal city of Bonn in the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia. The last election took place in May 2017. The current delegates are Guido Déus (CDU), Christos Katzidis (CDU), Joachim Stamp (FDP) and Franziska Müller-Rech (FDP).

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: Beethoven's birthplace is located in Bonngasse near the market place. Next to the market place is the Old City Hall, built in 1737 in Rococo style, under the rule of Clemens August of Bavaria. It is used for receptions of guests of the city, and as an office for the mayor. Nearby is the "Kurfürstliches Schloss", built as a residence for the prince-elector and now the main building of the University of Bonn.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The "Poppelsdorfer Allee" is an avenue flanked by Chestnut trees which had the first horsecar of the city. It connects the "Kurfürstliches Schloss" with the "Poppelsdorfer Schloss", a palace that was built as a resort for the prince-electors in the first half of the 18th century, and whose grounds are now a botanical garden (the Botanischer Garten Bonn). This axis is interrupted by a railway line and Bonn Hauptbahnhof, a building erected in 1883/84.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The Beethoven Monument stands on the Münsterplatz, which is flanked by the Bonn Minster, one of Germany's oldest churches.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The three highest structures in the city are the WDR radio mast in Bonn-Venusberg (), the headquarters of the Deutsche Post called "Post Tower" () and the former building for the German members of parliament "Langer Eugen" () now the location of the UN Campus.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The "Bundeskunsthalle" (full name: Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland or Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany), focuses on the crossroads of culture, arts, and science. To date, it attracted more than 17 million visitors. One of its main objectives is to show the cultural heritage outside of Germany or Europe. Next to its changing exhibitions, the Bundeskunsthalle regularly hosts concerts, discussion panels, congresses, and lectures.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: In the very south of the city, on the border with Wachtberg and Rhineland-Palatinate, there is an extinct volcano, the Rodderberg, featuring a popular area for hikes. Also south of the city, there is the Siebengebirge which is part of the lower half of the Middle Rhine region. The nearby upper half of the Middle Rhine from Bingen to Koblenz is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with more than 40 castles and fortresses from the Middle Ages and important German vineyards.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: With Bonn being divided into two parts by the Rhine, three bridges are crucial for inner-city road traffic: the Konrad-Adenauer-Brücke (A562) in the South, the Friedrich-Ebert-Brücke (A565) in the North, and the Kennedybrücke (B56) in the Centre. In addition, regular ferries operate between Bonn-Mehlem and Königswinter, Bonn-Bad Godesberg and Königswinter-Niederdollendorf, and Bonn-Graurheindorf and Niederkassel-Mondorf.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The head offices of Deutsche Telekom, its subsidiary T-Mobile, Deutsche Post, German Academic Exchange Service, and SolarWorld are in Bonn.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The third largest employer in the city of Bonn is the University of Bonn (including the university clinics) and Stadtwerke Bonn also follows as a major employer.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: On the other hand, there are several traditional, nationally known private companies in Bonn such as luxury food producers Verpoorten and Kessko, the Klais organ manufacture and the Bonn flag factory.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The largest confectionery manufacturer in Europe, Haribo, has its founding headquarters (founded in 1922) and a production site in Bonn. Today the company is located in the Rhineland-Palatinate municipality of Grafschaft.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: Other companies of supraregional importance are Weck Glaswerke (production site), Fairtrade, Eaton Industries (formerly Klöckner & Moeller), IVG Immobilien, Kautex Textron, SolarWorld, Vapiano and the SER Group.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn (University of Bonn) is one of the largest universities in Germany. It is also the location of the German research institute Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) offices and of the German Academic Exchange Service ("Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst" – DAAD).

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: , Bonn had a population of 327,913. About 70% of the population was entirely of German origin, while about 100,000 people, equating to roughly 30%, were at least partly of non-German origin. The city is one of the fastest-growing municipalities in Germany and the 18th most populous city in the country. Bonn's population is predicted to surpass the populations of Wuppertal and Bochum before the year 2030.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The following list shows the largest groups of origin of minorites with "migration background" in Bonn .

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: Bonn is home of the Telekom Baskets Bonn, the only basketball club in Germany that owns its arena, the Telekom Dome. The club is a regular participant at international competitions such as the Basketball Champions League.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The city also has a semi-professional football team Bonner SC which was formed in 1965 through the merger of "Bonner FV" and "Tura Bonn". The Bonn Gamecocks American football team play at the 12,000-capacity Stadion Pennenfeld.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: Central Bonn is surrounded by a number of traditional towns and villages which were independent up to several decades ago. As many of those communities had already established their own contacts and partnerships before the regional and local reorganisation in 1969, the Federal City of Bonn now has a dense network of city district partnerships with European partner towns.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The city district of Bonn is a partner of the English university city of Oxford, England, UK (since 1947), of Budafok, District XXII of Budapest, Hungary (since 1991) and of Opole, Poland (officially since 1997; contacts were established 1954).

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The district of Bad Godesberg has established partnerships with Saint-Cloud in France, Frascati in Italy, Windsor and Maidenhead in England, UK and Kortrijk in Belgium; a friendship agreement has been signed with the town of Yalova, Turkey.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: The district of Beuel on the right bank of the Rhine and the city district of Hardtberg foster partnerships with towns in France: Mirecourt and Villemomble.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Bonn

Context: Moreover, the city of Bonn has developed a concept of international co-operation and maintains sustainability oriented project partnerships in addition to traditional city twinning, among others with Minsk in Belarus, Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia, Bukhara in Uzbekistan, Chengdu in China and La Paz in Bolivia.

Question: ボン攻囲戦はどこで起きた？


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: Maryam Mirzakhani (, ; 12 May 1977 – 14 July 2017) was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. Her research topics included Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry. In 2005, as a result of her research, she was honored in "Popular Science's" fourth annual "Brilliant 10" in which she was acknowledged as one of the top 10 young minds who have pushed their fields in innovative directions.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: On 17 March 1998, after attending a conference consisting of gifted individuals and former Olympiad competitors, Mirzakhani and Zavareh, along with other attendees, boarded a bus in Ahvaz en route to Tehran. The bus was involved in an accident wherein it fell off a cliff, killing seven of the passengers—all Sharif University students. This incident is widely considered a national tragedy in Iran. Mirzakhani and Zavareh were two of the few survivors.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: Mirzakhani was a 2004 research fellow of the Clay Mathematics Institute and a professor at Princeton University. In 2009, she became a professor at Stanford University.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: In 2014, President Hassan Rouhani of Iran congratulated her for winning the topmost world mathematics prize.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: In 2008, Mirzakhani married Jan Vondrák, a Czech theoretical computer scientist and applied mathematician who currently is an associate professor at Stanford University. They had a daughter named Anahita. Mirzakhani lived in Palo Alto, California.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: Mirzakhani described herself as a "slow" mathematician, saying that "you have to spend some energy and effort to see the beauty of math." To solve problems, Mirzakhani would draw doodles on sheets of paper and write mathematical formulas around the drawings. Her daughter described her mother's work as "painting".

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: Mirzakhani was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013. In 2016, the cancer spread to her bones and liver, and she died on 14 July 2017 at the age of 40 at Stanford Hospital in Stanford, California.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: Iranian president Hassan Rouhani and other officials offered their condolences and praised Mirzakhani's scientific achievements. Rouhani said in his message that "the unprecedented brilliance of this creative scientist and modest human being, who made Iran's name resonate in the world's scientific forums, was a turning point in showing the great will of Iranian women and young people on the path towards reaching the peaks of glory and in various international arenas."

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: Numerous obituaries and tributes were published in the days following Maryam Mirzakhani's death. As a result of advocacy carried out by the Women's Committee within the Iranian Mathematical Society (), the International Council for Science has agreed to declare Maryam Mirzakhani's birthday, 12 May, as International Women in Mathematics Day in respect of her memory.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: In 2014, students at the University of Oxford founded the Mirzakhani Society, a society for women and non-binary students studying Mathematics at the University of Oxford. Mirzakhani met the society in September 2015, when she visited Oxford.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: In 2016, Maryam Mirzakhani was made a member of the National Academy of Sciences (of the United States), making her the first Iranian woman to be officially accepted as a member of the academy.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: On 2 February 2018, Satellogic, a high-resolution Earth observation imaging and analytics company, launched a ÑuSat type micro-satellite named in honor of Maryam Mirzakhani.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: On 4 November 2019, The Breakthrough Prize Foundation announced that the Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prize has been created to be awarded to outstanding women in the field of mathematics each year. The $50,000 award will be presented to early-career mathematicians who have completed their PhDs within the past two years.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: In February 2020, on International Day of Women and Girls in STEM, Mirzakhani was honoured by UN Women as one of seven female scientists dead or alive who have shaped the world.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: In 2020, George Csicsery featured her in the documentary film "Secrets of the Surface: The Mathematical Vision of Maryam Mirzakhani".

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Maryam Mirzakhani

Context: The May 12 Initiative was created in Mirzakhani's honor to celebrate women in mathematics. The Initiative is coordinated by the European Women in Mathematics, Association for Women in Mathematics, African Women in Mathematics Association, Colectivo de Mujeres Matemáticas de Chile, and the Women's Committee of the Iranian Mathematical Society. In 2020, 152 events were held.

Question: モジュライ空間を発見したのは誰


Type 30 rifle

Context: The is a box-fed bolt-action repeating rifle that was the standard infantry rifle of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1897 (the 30th year of the Meiji period, hence "Type 30") to 1905.

Question: 有坂銃はいくつ製造された？


Type 30 rifle

Context: The Imperial Japanese Army began development of a new rifle in December 1895 to replace the Murata rifle, which had been in use since 1880. The project was handled by the Koishikawa arsenal in Tokyo under the direction of Colonel Arisaka Nariakira, and was the first in a series of rifles which would be used through World War II. By 1900, the Imperial Japanese Army had most of its divisions fully equipped with the rifle.

Question: 有坂銃はいくつ製造された？


Type 30 rifle

Context: The Type 30 was used by front-line Japanese forces in the Russo-Japanese War. Although it was a major improvement over the Type 22 rifle (also known as "Murata"), it had some reliability and safety issues. Based on combat experience, an improved version, the Type 38 rifle, was introduced in 1905, although not all units received the new version and, as a result, a mixture of models was retained by the Japanese Army into World War I and later into World War II.

Question: 有坂銃はいくつ製造された？


Type 30 rifle

Context: Aside from Japan, the Type 30 was supplied to numerous nations during and after World War I. The most predominant user was the Russian Empire, who ordered up to 600,000 Arisaka rifles, with at least half of those being Type 30 rifles and carbines.

Question: 有坂銃はいくつ製造された？


Type 30 rifle

Context: The main production version was the long rifle but carbine versions were available for cavalry and mounted troops.

Question: 有坂銃はいくつ製造された？


Type 30 rifle

Context: Approximately 10,000 rifles were converted into blank-firing training rifles around 1905–1921. The weapon's rifled barrel was bored out to make the barrel smooth bore and most of the receiver markings were removed, including the Imperial Chrysanthemum. In its place were the characters 空 放 銃, which mean 'blank firing gun'.

Question: 有坂銃はいくつ製造された？


Type 30 rifle

Context: A few Type 30 carbines were converted to use 7.62x39 ammo with minimal changes. They are rarely seen since the Type 38 is most commonly used weapon converted by China after World War II.

Question: 有坂銃はいくつ製造された？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: The Hamilton Watch Company is a Swiss manufacturer of wristwatches based in Bienne, Switzerland. Founded in 1892 as an American firm, the Hamilton Watch Company ended American manufacture in 1969. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the Hamilton Watch Company eventually became integrated into the Swatch Group, the world's largest watch manufacturing and marketing conglomerate.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: During the expansion of the railroads in the U.S., Hamilton maintained over 56% of the market. Railroads purchased all of Hamilton's production. The company manufactured wristwatches as the market switched from pocket watches to wristwatches after World War I. During World War II, Hamilton retooled its business model to serve the military, dropping its consumer products.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: The Hamilton Watch Company was housed on a complex in Lancaster. Hamilton took possession of Aurora Watch Company's machinery shortly after incorporation.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: The first watch made under the Hamilton name was an 18-size 17-jewel pocket watch in 1893. During Hamilton's first fifteen years, only two size movements were produced – the 18-size and the smaller 16-size.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: During World War II, production of consumer watches was stopped, with all watches manufactured being shipped to troops. More than one million watches were sent overseas.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: By 1970, 13,086 Hamilton Model 21 Marine Chronometers had been produced. In 1985 the British Ministry of Defence invited bids by tender to dispose of their mechanical Hamilton Model 21 Marine Chronometers. The U.S. Navy kept their Hamilton Model 21 Marine Chronometers in service as backups to the Loran-C hyperbolic radio navigation system until 1988 when the GPS global navigation satellite system was approved as reliable.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: In 1951, Hamilton rebuffed a hostile takeover bid by the Benrus watch company. The fallout from the failed takeover action culminated in Hamilton Watch Co. vs Benrus Watch Co. (206 F.2d 738, 740 (2d Cir. 1953)), a Federal proceeding that is considered to be landmark case in the realm of Federal anti-trust case law.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: In 1955, Hamilton provided a "celestial time zone clock, permitting flight-type navigation" for the Astra-Gnome concept of what an automobile would look like in the year 2000.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: In 1957, Hamilton introduced the world's first electric watch, the Hamilton Electric 500. It was available in a variety of non-traditional asymmetrical case styles including the Ventura that was designed by Richard Arbib. The watch was worn by Elvis Presley, who also featured it in the movie "Blue Hawaii".

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: In 1969, the Hamilton Watch Company completely ended American manufacturing operations with the closure of its factory in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, shifting manufacturing operations to the Buren factory in Switzerland.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: From 1969 to 1972, all new Hamilton watches were produced in Switzerland by Hamilton's Buren subsidiary. In 1971, the Buren brand was returned to Swiss ownership. By 1972, the Buren-Hamilton partnership was dissolved, and the factory liquidated, due to decreased interest and sales of the Hamilton-Buren product.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: In 1971, the Omega & Tissot Holding Company SSIH purchased the Hamilton brand. It utilized the Hamilton name for several branding efforts, including numerous quartz watches in the 1980s.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: The Hamilton Watch Division became a subsidiary of HMW. The Hamilton Watch Company changed its name to HMW when it sold its Watch division to SSIH.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: Through the merger of SSIH and ASUAG Groups in 1984, Hamilton became a subsidiary of The Swatch Group.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Hamilton Watch Company

Context: In 2020, Hamilton released a limited edition of 888 pieces of the Hamilton Khaki Navy BeLOWZERO inspired by the prop Hamilton watches made for Christopher Nolan's film TENET.

Question: ハミルトン社はいつ設立した？


Sly Stone

Context: By the mid-1970s, Stone's drug use and erratic behavior effectively ended the group, leaving him to record several unsuccessful solo albums. In 1993, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the group. He took part in a Sly and the Family Stone tribute at the 2006 Grammy Awards, his first live performance since 1987.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: The Stewart family was a deeply religious middle-class household from Denton, Texas. Born March 15, 1943, before the family had moved to Vallejo, California, in the North Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area, Sylvester was the second of the family's five children.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: The nickname Sly was a common one for Sylvester throughout his years in grade school. Early on, a classmate misspelled his name "Slyvester," and ever since, the nickname followed him.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: In the mid-1960s, Stone worked as a disc jockey for San Francisco, California, soul radio station KSOL, where he included white performers such as The Beatles and The Rolling Stones in his playlists. During the same period, he worked as a staff record producer for Autumn Records, producing for predominantly white San Francisco-area bands such as The Beau Brummels, The Mojo Men, Bobby Freeman, and Grace Slick's first band, The Great Society.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: "The most talented musician I know is Sly Stone," Bootsy Collins said in an interview with "Mojo". "He's more talented than anybody I ever have seen – he's amazing. I worked with him in Detroit from 1981 to '83, and to see him just fooling around, playing, jamming, is a whole other trip. He's the most amazing musician."

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: After the group began touring following the success of "Dance to the Music", The Family Stone drew praise for their explosive live show, which attracted black and white fans in equal measure. When Bob Marley first played in the U.S. in 1973 with his band The Wailers, he opened on tour for Sly and The Family Stone.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: With the band's newfound fame and success came numerous problems. Relationships within the band were deteriorating; there was friction in particular between the Stone brothers and Larry Graham. Epic requested more marketable output. The Black Panther Party demanded that Stone make his music more militant and more reflective of the black power movement, replace Greg Errico and Jerry Martini with black instrumentalists, and replace manager David Kapralik.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: "Thank You" hit the top of the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1970. The single also peaked at No. 5 on the R&B chart, selling over a million copies.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: The band's cohesion slowly began to erode, and its sales and popularity began to decline as well. Errico withdrew from the group in 1971 and was eventually replaced with Andy Newmark. Larry Graham and Stone were no longer on friendly terms, and Graham was fired in early 1972 and replaced with Rustee Allen. The band's later releases, "Fresh" (1973) and "Small Talk" (1974), featured even less of the band and more of Stone.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: Stone also collaborated with Funkadelic on "The Electric Spanking of War Babies" (1981), but was unable to reinvigorate his career. In the early 1980s Sly Stone was also part of a George Clinton/Funkadelic family project with Muruga Booker called "The Soda Jerks," who recorded an album worth of material, of which only one song has been released. However, Muruga still has plans to release the material from the project.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: Stone managed to do a short tour with Bobby Womack in the summer of 1984, and he continued to make sporadic appearances on compilations and other artists' records. In 1986, Stone was featured on a track from Jesse Johnson's album "Shockadelica" called "Crazay". The music video featured Stone on keyboards and vocals, and received some airplay on the BET music network.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: In 1987, Stone released a single, "Eek-a-Boo Static Automatic", from the "Soul Man" soundtrack, and the song "I'm the Burglar" from the "Burglar" soundtrack. He also co-wrote and co-produced "Just Like A Teeter-Totter," which appeared on a Bar-Kays album from 1989.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: From 1988 to 1989 Sly Stone wrote and produced a collection of unreleased recordings in his home studio in New Jersey, "Coming Back for More" and "Just Like A Teeter-Totter" are a part of that collection of about 20 songs.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: In 1990, he gave an energetic vocal performance on the Earth, Wind and Fire song, "Good Time." In 1991, he appeared on a cover of "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" performed by the Japanese band 13CATS, and shared lead vocals with Bobby Womack on "When the Weekend Comes" from Womack's 1993 album "I Still Love You".

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: In 1992, Sly and the Family Stone appeared on the Red Hot Organization's dance compilation album, "Red Hot + Dance", contributing an original track,"Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin) (Todds CD Mix)." The album attempted to raise awareness and money in support of the AIDS epidemic, and all proceeds were donated to AIDS charities.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: His last major public appearance until 2006 was during the 1993 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony where Stone showed up onstage to be entered into the Hall of Fame along with the Family Stone. In 2003, the other six members of the original Family Stone entered the studio to record a new album. Stone was invited to participate, but declined.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: "I feel like Sly just doesn't wanna deal with it no more," Bootsy Collins told "Mojo". "It's like he's had it – it ain't no fun no more. It's a curse and a blessing. The curse part of it is the business you have to deal with, and then the blessing part is you get to be a musician and have fun…"

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: On September 25, 2011, the "New York Post" reported that Sly Stone was now homeless and living out of a white camper-van in Los Angeles: "The van is parked on a residential street in Crenshaw, the rough Los Angeles neighborhood where "Boyz n the Hood" was set. A retired couple makes sure he eats once a day, and Stone showers at their house."

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: On Sunday, January 14, 2007, Stone made a short guest appearance at a show of The New Family Stone band he supports at the House of Blues.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: On April 1, 2007, Stone appeared with the Family Stone at the Flamingo Las Vegas Showroom, after George Wallace's standup act.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: On July 7, 2007, Stone made a short appearance with the Family Stone at the San Jose Summerfest. He sang "Sing a Simple Song" and "If You Want Me to Stay," and walked off stage before the end of "Higher". Stone cut the set short, in part, because the band began their set over 90 minutes late and had to finish before a certain time. While many blamed Stone for this incident, others believed that the promoter was at fault.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: The same scenes were repeated at the Montreux Jazz Festival on July 13, 2007, with over half the sold-out venue walking out in disgust even earlier than his stage exit. The same happened again one day later at the Blue Note Records Festival in Ghent, Belgium. There he left the stage after saying to the audience that "when waking up this morning he realized he was old, and so he needed to take a break now". He did the same again one day later, performing at the North Sea Jazz Festival.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: As the tour progressed, however, Stone seemed to be more confident and animated, often dancing and engaging the audience. He performed "Stand", "I Want To Take You Higher", "Sing A Simple Song", "If You Want Me To Stay", and "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)", which at one point morphed into "Thank you For Talkin' To Me Africa", a track rarely performed in public. But the show was marred by sound problems and the vocals were barely audible through much of the show.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: On October 17, 2008, Sly played with the Family Stone at the Wells Fargo Center for the Arts in Santa Rosa, CA. He played a 22-minute set and ventured offstage, telling the crowd "I gotta go take a piss. I'll be right back." He never returned.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: On Memorial Day, May 25, 2009, Stone re-emerged once again, granting an hour-long interview with KCRW-FM, a Los Angeles NPR affiliate, to discuss his life and career.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: On Labor Day, September 7, 2009, Stone appeared at the 20th annual African Festival of the Arts in Chicago, Ill. He performed a 15-minute set during George Clinton's performance. He performed his popular hits along with George Clinton's band. He left immediately after his short performance.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: On December 6, 2009, Stone signed a new recording contract with the LA-based Cleopatra Records and on August 16, 2011, "I'm Back! Family & Friends" was released, his first album since 1982's "Ain't But the One Way". The album features re-recorded versions of Sly & the Family Stone hits with guest appearances from Jeff Beck, Ray Manzarek, Bootsy Collins, Ann Wilson, Carmine Appice and Johnny Winter, as well as three previously unreleased songs.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: Stone has appeared in later years with George Clinton and performed with his daughter Novena's band, Baby Stone.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: In January 2015, Sly Stone, along with four of his bandmates, appeared at a convention dedicated to honoring the band and its legacy. Called LOVE CITY CONVENTION, it occurred in Oakland at the Den Lounge inside the Fox Oakland Theater. Sly was in good spirits, answered questions from fans, and signed autographs.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: They separated in 1976 after their son was mauled by Stone's dog. Silva later told "People" magazine. "I didn't want that world of drugs and weirdness." Still, she remembers, "He'd write me a song or promise to change, and I'd try again. We were always fighting, then getting back together."

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


Sly Stone

Context: Sylvester Jr., was born late 1973. His mother is Kathy Silva. Sylvyette, born c. 1976. Her mother was Cynthia Robinson (1944–2015). Novena Carmel, born c. 1982, is a singer and performer and also a booking agent at the Little Temple club in Los Angeles, now known as The Virgil, and currently a co-host for the popular public radio station KCRW on Morning Becomes Eclectic. She also worked with pop/hip hop musician Wallpaper.

Question: スライ・ストーンは何歳で音楽活動を始めた？


MUFG Bank

Context: is the largest bank in Japan. It was established on January 1, 2006, following the merger of the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. and UFJ Bank Ltd. MUFG is one of the three so-called Japanese "megabanks" (along with SMBC and Mizuho). As such, it is considered a systemically important bank by the Financial Stability Board.

Question: 日本最古のメガバンクは何？


MUFG Bank

Context: The bank serves as the core retail, corporate, and investment banking arm of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group. Its traditional client base is made up of Japanese corporates, but overseas corporate lending increased 35% in the nine months to December 31, 2011.

Question: 日本最古のメガバンクは何？


MUFG Bank

Context: The bank's head office is in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, and it has 772 other offices in Japan and 76 offices overseas.

Question: 日本最古のメガバンクは何？


MUFG Bank

Context: Mitsubishi Bank and the Bank of Tokyo each had significant banking subsidiaries in California (Bank of California and Union Bank respectively) before their merger. At the time of the merger, these U.S. banks also merged to form UnionBanCal Corporation. BTM listed UnionBanCal on the New York Stock Exchange in 1999. In 2008, BTMU purchased all of the outstanding shares of UnionBanCal. BTMU moved its New York-based banking operations to Union Bank and renamed the company MUFG Union Bank in 2014.

Question: 日本最古のメガバンクは何？


MUFG Bank

Context: BTMU was investigated by New York banking regulators over its role in routing payments for Iranian customers through its New York branch in violation of U.S. sanctions. BTMU settled with the state for $250 million in 2013. A second settlement was reached for $315 million in 2014 after it was found that PricewaterhouseCoopers had altered an investigation report on the issue; PwC itself was fined $25 million in relation to the matter.

Question: 日本最古のメガバンクは何？


MUFG Bank

Context: On April 1, 2018, the bank was renamed to . This name change aligned the bank name with the holding company name, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), removing "Tokyo" from the name.

Question: 日本最古のメガバンクは何？


Constance Markievicz

Context: Markievicz supported the anti-Treaty side in the Irish Civil War. She continued as (abstentionist) Dáil member for Sinn Féin until 1926 when she became a founding member of Fianna Fáil. She died in 1927.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: In 1913 Casimir Markievicz moved back to Ukraine, and never returned to live in Ireland. However, they did correspond and he was by her side when she died in 1927.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: In the Inghininidhe na h-Éireann magazine "Bean na h-Éireann", Markievicz's advice to women was: "Dress suitably in short skirts and strong boots, leave your jewels in the bank and buy a revolver."

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: As a member of the Citizen Army, Markievicz took part in the 1916 Easter Rising. She was deeply inspired by the founder of the ICA, James Connolly. Markievicz designed the Citizen Army uniform and composed its anthem, based on the tune of a Polish song.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: The Stephen's Green garrison held out for six days, ending the engagement when the British brought them Pearse's surrender order. The British officer, Captain (later Major) de Courcy Wheeler, who accepted their surrender was married to Markievicz's first cousin, Selina Maude Beresford Knox.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: Markievicz was transferred to Mountjoy Prison, Holloway Prison and then to Aylesbury Prison in England in July 1916. She was released from prison in 1917, along with others involved in the Rising, as the government in London granted a general amnesty for those who had participated in it. It was around this time that Markievicz, born into the Church of Ireland, converted to Catholicism.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: In 1918, she was jailed again for her part in anti-conscription activities. At the 1918 general election, Markievicz was elected for the constituency of Dublin St Patrick's, beating her opponent William Field with 66% of the vote, as one of 73 Sinn Féin MPs. The results were called on 28 December 1918. This made her the first woman elected to the United Kingdom House of Commons. However, in line with Sinn Féin abstentionist policy, she did not take her seat in the House of Commons.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: Markievicz was in Holloway prison, when her colleagues assembled in Dublin at the first meeting of the First Dáil, the Parliament of the revolutionary Irish Republic. When her name was called, she was described, like many of those elected, as being "imprisoned by the foreign enemy" ("fé ghlas ag Gallaibh"). She was re-elected to the Second Dáil in the elections of 1921.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: Markievicz served as Minister for Labour from April 1919 to January 1922, in the Second Ministry and the Third Ministry of the Dáil. Holding cabinet rank from April to August 1919, she became both the first Irish female Cabinet Minister and at the same time, only the second female government minister in Europe. She was the only female cabinet minister in Irish history until 1979 when Máire Geoghegan-Quinn was appointed to the cabinet post of Minister for the Gaeltacht for Fianna Fáil.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: Her Labour department was concerned with setting up Conciliation Boards, arbitrating labour disputes, surveying areas and establishing guidelines for wages and food prices.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: Her former Citizen Army colleague the playwright Seán O'Casey said of her: "One thing she had in abundance—physical courage; with that she was clothed as with a garment."

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: In 2018, a portrait of Markievicz was donated by the Irish parliament to the British House of Commons to commemorate the 1918 Representation of the People Act, under which, some women were allowed the right to vote for the first time in the United Kingdom.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Constance Markievicz

Context: In 2019, a Dublin City Council Commemorative Plaque was unveiled at Markievicz's former home in Dublin, Surrey House on Leinster Road in Rathmines.

Question: マルキエビッチ伯爵夫人コンスタンツ・ジョージン・マルキエビッチは何歳で政治家になった？


Yuki-onna

Context: is a spirit or yōkai in Japanese folklore that is often depicted in Japanese literature, films, or animation.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: She may also go by such names as "yuki-musume" ("snow daughter"), "yuki-onago" ("snow girl"), "yukijorō" (雪女郎, "snow woman"), "yuki anesa" ("snow sis), "yuki-onba" ("snow granny" or "snow nanny"), "yukinba" ("snow hag") in Ehime, "yukifuri-baba" ("snowfall hag") in Nagano. They are also called several names that are related to icicles, such as "tsurara-onna", "kanekori-musume", and "shigama-nyōbō".

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: In legends from the Ojiya region of Niigata Prefecture, a beautiful woman came to visit a man and became his wife from the woman's own desire. This woman was reluctant to go into the bath and when she was made to go in anyway, she disappeared, leaving only thin, fragmented, floating icicles (see also tsurara-onna).

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: In the Ito region of Wakayama Prefecture, it is said that there would be a one-legged child jump-walking on a night when snow accumulates, and the next morning there would be round footprints remaining, and this would be called the "yukinbō" (snow child), but the one-legged snow kid is thought to be the servant of a mountain god.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: In the village of Oshika, Tōhaku District, Tottori Prefecture (now Misasa), it has been said that a yuki-onna would come during light snow and say "Koori gose yu gose" ("Give me ice, give me hot water")—"gose" is a dialect word for "give me"—while waving around a white wand, and she would bulge when splashed with water and disappear when splashed with hot water.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: In the area around the Kumano River in Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture, the "Oshiroi baa-san" or "oshiroi babaa" is also thought to be a type of Yuki-onna, and they are said to drag along mirrors, making clinking sounds while doing so. These characteristics, that of waving around a white wand ("gohei") and possessing a mirror, are thought to be the characteristics of a "miko" who serves a mountain god that rules over birth and harvest.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: In Aomori, it is said that a yuki-onna would come down to the village on the third day of Shōgatsu and return to the mountains on the first day of Rabbit, and it is thought that on years when the day of Rabbit is late in arriving, how well the harvest does will be different from before.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: Yuki-onna often appear while taking along children. This is in common with another yōkai that takes along children, the ubume. In the Mogami District, Yamagata Prefecture, ubume are said to be yuki-onna.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: There are various legends about the yuki-onna's true identity, such as a snow spirit or the spirit of a woman who fell over in the snow. In a setsuwa of the Oguni region of Yamagata Prefecture, a yuki-jorō (yuki-onna) was originally a princess of the moon world, and in order to leave a boring lifestyle came down to earth together with snow but was unable to go back to the moon and so appears on snowy moonlit nights.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: Yamaoka Genrin, an intellectual from the Edo period, said that yuki-onna is born from snow. It was supposed that if there were a lot of something, a living thing would come forth from it, giving birth to fish if the water is deep enough and birds if the forest is thick enough. Since both snow and women are "yin", so in places like Echigo it is said that yuki-onna might be born from within deep snow.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: There are several variations of Yuki-onna throughout Japan, through which one can fill a whole book only about this yokai. Some notable of them are described below:

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: Some legends say the Yuki-onna, being associated with winter and snowstorms, is the spirit of someone who perished in the snow. She is at the same time beautiful and serene, yet ruthless in killing unsuspecting mortals. Until the 18th century, she was almost uniformly portrayed as evil. Today, however, stories often color her as mere human, emphasizing her ghost-like nature and ephemeral beauty.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: What Yuki-onna is after varies from tale to tale. Sometimes she is simply satisfied to see a victim die. Other times, she is more vampiric, draining her victims' blood or "life force." She occasionally takes on a succubus-like manner, preying on weak-willed men to drain or freeze them through sex or a kiss.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: A long time ago, there lived two woodcutters, Minokichi and Mosaku. Minokichi was young and Mosaku was very old.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: One winter day, they could not come back home because of a snowstorm. They found a hut in the mountain and decided to sleep there. On this particular evening, Minokichi woke up and found a beautiful lady with white clothes. She breathed on old Mosaku and he was frozen to death.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: She then approached Minokichi to breathe on him, but stared at him for a while and said, "I thought I was going to kill you, the same as that old man, but I will not because you are young and beautiful. You must not tell anyone about this incident. If you tell anyone about me, I will kill you."

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: Several years later, Minokichi met a beautiful young lady, named Oyuki (Yuki = "snow") and married her. She was a good wife. Minokichi and Oyuki had several children and lived happily for many years. Mysteriously, she did not age.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: One night, after the children were asleep, Minokichi said to Oyuki: "Whenever I see you, I am reminded of a mysterious incident that happened to me. When I was young, I met a beautiful young lady like you. I do not know if it was a dream or if she was a Yuki-onna..."

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Yuki-onna

Context: After finishing his story, Oyuki suddenly stood up and said "That woman you met was me! I told you that I would kill you if you ever told anyone about that incident. However, I can't kill you because of our children. Take care of our children..." Then she melted and disappeared. No one saw her again.

Question: 雪女を考案したのは誰？


Phonofilm

Context: Phonofilm is an optical sound-on-film system developed by inventors Lee de Forest and Theodore Case in the early 1920s.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: The Phonofilm system, which recorded synchronized sound directly onto film, was used to record vaudeville acts, musical numbers, political speeches, and opera singers. The quality of Phonofilm was poor at first, improved somewhat in later years, but was never able to match the fidelity of sound-on-disc systems such as Vitaphone, or later sound-on-film systems such as RCA Photophone or Fox Movietone.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: In November 1922, De Forest founded the De Forest Phonofilm Corporation with studios at 314 East 48th Street in New York City, and offices at 220 West 42nd Street in the Candler Building. However, DeForest was unable to interest any of the major Hollywood movie studios in his invention.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: From October 1921 to September 1922, DeForest lived in Berlin, meeting with the Tri-Ergon developers and investigating other European sound film systems. He announced to the press in April 1922 that he would soon have a workable sound-on-film system.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: On 12 March 1923, DeForest presented a demonstration of Phonofilm to the press. On 12 April 1923, DeForest gave a private demonstration of the process to electrical engineers at the Engineering Society Building's Auditorium at 33 West 39th Street in New York City.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: DeForest later took his show on the road, pitching Phonofilm directly to the general public at a series of special engagements across the country. The shorts shown at one such demonstration (from an original program at History San Jose, which holds DeForest's papers), exact date unknown but circa 1925, were as follows:

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: DeForest was forced to show these films in independent theaters such as the Rivoli, since Hollywood movie studios controlled all major U.S. movie theater chains at the time. De Forest's decision to film primarily short films (one reel), not feature films limited the appeal of his process.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: One of the few two-reel films made by DeForest in the Phonofilm process was "Love's Old Sweet Song" (1923), starring Louis Wolheim, Donald Gallaher, and the 20-year-old Una Merkel. DeForest kept to one-reel films because he was unable to solve the problem of reel changes—and the disruption in sound which would occur—when a projectionist in a movie theater changed reels.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer used the Phonofilm process for their Song Car-Tunes series of cartoons—all featuring the "Follow the Bouncing Ball" gimmick—starting in May 1924. Of the 36 titles in the Song Car-Tunes series, 19 used Phonofilm. Also in 1924, the Fleischer brothers partnered with DeForest, Edwin Miles Fadiman, and Hugo Riesenfeld to form Red Seal Pictures Corporation, which owned 36 theaters on the East Coast, extending as far west as Cleveland, Ohio.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: DeForest also worked with Theodore Case, using Case's patents to make the Phonofilm system workable. However, the two men had a falling out, shortly after DeForest filed suit in June 1923 against Freeman Harrison Owens, another former collaborator of DeForest's. Case later went to movie mogul William Fox of Fox Film Corporation, who bought Case's patents, the American rights to the German Tri-Ergon patents, and the work of Owens to create Fox Movietone.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: Seeing that DeForest was more concerned with his own fame and recognition than he was with actually creating a workable system of sound film, and because of DeForest's continuing attempts to downplay the contributions of the Case Research Lab in the creation of Phonofilm, Case severed his ties with DeForest in the fall of 1925. On 23 July 1926, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought Case's patents.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: In June 1927, Powers made an unsuccessful takeover bid for DeForest's company. In the aftermath, Powers hired former DeForest technician William Garity to produce a cloned version of the Phonofilm system.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: While shunning Phonofilm, Hollywood studios introduced different systems for talkies. First up was the sound-on-disc process introduced by Warner Brothers as Vitaphone—which used a record disc synchronized with the film for sound. Warner Brothers released the feature film "Don Juan" starring John Barrymore on 6 August 1926 in Vitaphone, with music and sound effects only.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: On 6 October 1927, Warner Brothers released "The Jazz Singer" with Al Jolson in Vitaphone. The film is often incorrectly credited as the first talking picture. "The Jazz Singer" was the first feature film to use synchronized sound for talking sequences rather than just for music and sound effects, and thus launched the talkie era, but DeForest's sound-on-film system was in fact the basis for modern sound movies.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: The Fox Movietone system was first demonstrated to the public at the Sam H. Harris Theatre in New York City on 21 January 1927, with a short film of Raquel Meller preceding the feature film "What Price Glory?", originally released in November 1926. Later in 1927, producer William Fox introduced sound-on-film with the feature film "" by F. W. Murnau. In 1928, the sound-on-film process RCA Photophone was adopted by newly created studio RKO Radio Pictures and by Paramount Pictures.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: The last films made in the UK in Phonofilm were released in early 1929, due to competition from Vitaphone, and sound-on-film systems such as Fox Movietone and RCA Photophone. The release of Alfred Hitchcock's sound feature film "Blackmail" in June 1929, made in RCA Photophone, sealed the fate of Phonofilm in the UK.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: In June 1925, Phonofilm opened its first Australian office at 129 Bathurst Street in Sydney. On 6 July 1925, the first program of Phonofilms in Australia were shown at the Piccadilly Theatre in Sydney. A program was also shown at the Prince Edward Theatre in November and December 1925.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: On 6 April 1927, Minister for Trade Herbert Pratten appeared in a DeForest film to celebrate the opening of a Phonofilm studio in Rushcutters Bay in Sydney. On 12 May 1927, a Phonofilm of the Duke and Dutchess of York arriving at Farm Cove, New South Wales was shown at the Lyceum Theater in Sydney.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: Unfortunately, Phonofilm had to close all of its operations in Australia by October 1927, and sold its remaining studio facilities to an Australian company in October 1928.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: More than 200 short films were made in the Phonofilm process, with many preserved in the collections of the Library of Congress (45 titles) and the British Film Institute (98 titles). In 1976, five Phonofilm titles were discovered in a trunk in Australia, and these films have been restored by Australia's National Film and Sound Archive.

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Phonofilm

Context: (*) Included in program of Phonofilms at the Rivoli Theater in NYC on 15 April 1923(**) Fleischer "Song Car-Tunes" series (some titles later re-released by the Fleischers in their "Screen Songs" series, through Paramount Pictures, with new soundtracks recorded in RCA Photophone)(***) Found in a trunk in Windsor, New South Wales, Australia in early 1976, and restored by the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia

Question: リー・ド・フォレストが初めて特許を取得した発明品は何？


Genghis Khan (video game)

Context: The game takes the player inside the virtual life of either Genghis Khan or one of his archrivals. The player must arrange marriages, father children, appoint family members to governmental positions, and fight in order to conquer the Old World. Armies must be drafted and soldiers must be trained if the player is to rule the lands from England to Japan.

Question: 『蒼き狼と白き牝鹿・ジンギスカン』はどのゲーム機で遊べる？


Genghis Khan (video game)

Context: The game has two different ways to play. The first is "Mongol Conquest", which begins in the year 1175 A.D, which is a one player mode. Players assume control of Lord Temujin and they must conquer the land by keeping their economy stable, having their army ready to fight, and by attacking other lands. The second is "World Conquest", where the goal is to conquer every opposing country.

Question: 『蒼き狼と白き牝鹿・ジンギスカン』はどのゲーム機で遊べる？


Satake clan

Context: Kubota's income level was 205,000 "koku", and it was classified as an outside ("tozama") daimyō. The income level remained constant throughout its history. The domain often had agricultural crises, which resulted in several peasant uprisings throughout the course of its history. It was also beset by an internal "o-ie sōdō" conflict, the , which was brought on by financial issues.

Question: 久保田藩の初代藩主はだれ


Satake clan

Context: The Kubota domain was uncommon in that it contained more than one castle, despite the Tokugawa shogunate's "one castle per domain" rule. The main castle was Kubota Castle, but there were also castles at Yokote and Ōdate, and five fortified estates elsewhere in the domain: Kakudate, Yuzawa, Hiyama, Jūniso, and In'nai. Each of these was given to a senior retainer who ran it as his own small castle town. The senior retainers had personal retainers who resided in these castle towns.

Question: 久保田藩の初代藩主はだれ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: Borat Margaret Sagdiyev () is a satirical fictional character created and performed by Sacha Baron Cohen. He is supposedly a Kazakh television journalist and is the main protagonist of the mockumentary "Borat! Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan" (2006) and its sequel "Borat Subsequent Moviefilm: Delivery of Prodigious Bribe to American Regime for Make Benefit Once Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan" (2020).

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: Borat's neighbours are Nursultan Tuyakbay (whom Borat considers "a pain in my assholes") and Dr. Yamak, a scientist who works for the Kazakh government and claims to have proven that women have "brain the size of squirrel". In "Borat's Guide to Britain", Borat and Yamak settle a dispute in the traditional Kazakh "civilised way" by beating each other's genitals with a leather glove until one of them gives up.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: In each episode of "Da Ali G Show", Borat is shown doing satirical interviews with often unwitting subjects in the United Kingdom and the United States. The segments were shot in a low-quality video style to maintain the impression of low-quality television broadcasts in a poor country (similar to the Chanel 9 segments on "The Fast Show"). In "Ali G Indahouse", the British Prime Minister and Ali G greet Borat who proceeds to hug and then kiss Ali G, who pushes him away in disgust.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: The Borat segments on "Da Ali G Show" use a rock rendition of a Russian folk tune, "Korobeiniki", as the theme song.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: This was created as part of a six-part series of "Da Ali G Show" that was originally broadcast on Channel 4 (UK) starting in March 2000.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: Five Borat sketches were shown, in the form of "Guides" to "Etiquette", Hunting, Cambridge, Edinburgh, and Henley. The "Guides" to "English Gentlemen", "Politics" and "Sport" were also filmed at this time but released at a later date as part of "Ali G" DVDs. The Cambridge sketch is the only major Borat material from this series not to have made it onto the compilation DVDs.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: Shown as part of a six-part "Ali G Show" originally on HBO (US) in February 2003. This series was screened and released in the UK as "Ali G in the USAiii".

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: "Etiquette", "Acting", "Men", "Baseballs" and "The (Deep) South". A "Guide to Animals" was filmed but released at a later date as part of an "Ali G" DVD.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: Six Borat sketches were shown in the form of "Guides" to "Wine Tasting", "Politics", "Country Music", "Hobbies", "Buying a House" and "Jobs" (careers), with "Hunting" airing in the UK only.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: Subtitled "Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan", the film "Borat" is a mockumentary comedy. Most of those appearing in the film are not paid performers, but real people whom Borat met on his journey. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox, and directed by Larry Charles. It premiered at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival, and was released across Europe on 2 November 2006 and North America on 3 November 2006.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: The film follows Borat in his travels across the United States, as he commits cultural solecisms and exposes a few American ones. Over the course of the film, Borat falls in love with Pamela Anderson after watching a rerun of "Baywatch", and vows to make her his wife.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: The film opened at No. 1 in the U.S., taking in $26.4 million on a limited release of 837 screens during its first weekend, beating "Fahrenheit 9/11" as the biggest opening weekend for a film released in fewer than 1,000 cinemas. Baron Cohen celebrated the release of the film with a host of promotional in-character interviews. The film expanded its release on the second weekend to 2,566 screens, where it took in an additional $29 million.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: In 2007, Baron Cohen won a Golden Globe for "Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical Or Comedy". With a production budget of $18,000,000 the film has grossed $128,501,044 in the United States of America and another $128,848,505 internationally, for a worldwide gross of $257,349,549 by mid-March 2007.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: In 2020, Baron Cohen filmed several pranks for a sequel film, a mockumentary comedy just like the first film.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: Since the end of the previous film, Borat was sentenced to a work camp. The film follows Borat as he is ordered to marry his daughter to Mike Pence, and later Rudy Giuliani. Borat then goes back to Kazakhstan in defeat, however, realizes that the Kazakh government has deliberately infected the world with coronavirus and is paid to keep the secret and is forgiven.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: In 2007, Baron Cohen released a book titled "Touristic Guidings to Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan/Touristic Guidings to Minor Nation of U.S. and A.", with humour about both countries in a similar vein to the movie.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: Borat himself was parodied in the critically panned 2007 parody film "Epic Movie" and was played by Danny Jacobs.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ


Borat Sagdiyev

Context: There have been arguments that the film's portrayal of the people of Kazakhstan is unfair and unjustified.

Question: ボラット・サグディエフの出身はどこ