Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: The foundation of the bridge is also unique. The land in and around New Orleans was formed by silt deposits brought down the Mississippi River. The clay topsoil, known colloquially as "gumbo soil," is compressible and unsuitable for foundation loads. As bedrock is around below the surface, making it too deep for normal bridge foundation construction, the main piers are seated on a layer of fine sand below Mean Gulf Level and rely on their size and mass to hold them in place.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: The Huey P. Long Bridge Widening Project is a TIMED (Transportation Infrastructure Model for Economic Development) Program project. The TIMED Program was created by Act 16 of the 1989 Louisiana Legislature, was voted for by the people and is the single largest transportation program in state history. The Program is designed to enhance economic development in Louisiana through an investment in transportation projects.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: The $1.2 billion widening project started in April 2006 and is the first change to the structure since it opened in 1935. The project expanded the highway on each side of the structure from two lanes to three lanes with a inside shoulder and an outside shoulder. It also included new signalized intersections to replace the traffic circles at Jefferson Highway and at Bridge City Avenue, both in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: This seven-year-long, four-phase project was completed in 2013. The timeline of the project was as follows:

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: In this phase, completed in May 2009, four river piers and one land pier were widened to support the additional lanes. Reinforcing framework and concrete filled the void sections of the piers to strengthen them. In addition, w-shaped metal bridge struts were anchored to the upper part of each pier to support the additional new trusses and the existing truss.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: In October 2006, work to relocate five selected railroad supports was done to facilitate the construction of the new approaches. This phase was completed in June 2008.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: Completed in 2012, this phase widened the existing truss on either side to accommodate new travel lanes and shoulders.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: This phase was completed on April 29, 2012, when traffic was shifted from the original lanes (two lanes in each direction, cantilevered on each side of the original truss) to two temporary lanes in each direction on the widened portion of the truss.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: During this phase of the project, the two temporary lanes were widened to three lanes in each direction with shoulders and inside shoulders. The traffic circles at each end of the bridge were replaced with signalized intersections. Also, new roadway and elevated structures were constructed.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: Four cameras were installed to view the approaches and ramps construction – two on the East Bank of Jefferson Parish and two on the West Bank of Jefferson Parish.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Huey P. Long Bridge (Jefferson Parish)

Context: On February 5, 2013, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development Secretary Sherri LeBas announced that the bridge would be fully open to drivers on June 16, 2013.

Question: Miten pitkä on ns. Pitkä silta?


Arne Treholt

Context: Arne Treholt (born 13 December 1942) is a Norwegian-born, Russia-based convicted felon and former KGB agent who was convicted of treason and espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union against Norway during the Cold War and sentenced to 20 years in prison.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: In 2010 Treholt hired Geir Selvik Malthe-Sørenssen, a con artist and self-described private investigator, who wrote a book that claimed that the evidence against Treholt had been fabricated; the book by Malthe-Sørenssen was later revealed to be based on a fabricated source and Malthe-Sørenssen was convicted of fraud; Malthe-Sørenssen's wife wrote the book "Jeg var gift med en bedrager" (I was married to a fraudster) about the Malthe-Sørenssen case.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: Treholt was placed under surveillance by Norwegian counterintelligence services for several years of his career in the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and the Norwegian ministry of foreign affairs. On 20 January 1984, he was arrested by Ørnulf Tofte, head of counter-intelligence, at Oslo Airport on his way to Vienna to meet with KGB officers.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: Tapes from the trial, that were released in 2014, show that the notes in the suitcase were 50- and 100-dollar notes, and not as the verdict states: 20- and 50-dollar notes.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: Following a much publicized trial presided over by Astri Rynning, Treholt was convicted for treason and sentenced to 20 years in prison, one year short of the maximum sentence allowed under the Norwegian penal code. The conviction included espionage for the Soviet Union and Iraq, and high treason.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: The trial led to a heated and extensive public debate about the Treholt case in Norway. The controversy concerned the evidence, and lack thereof, against Treholt, the conduct of the police and prosecuting authorities, and what was viewed as lenient treatment of Treholt while he was under suspicion.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: Treholt was incarcerated in Drammen Prison from 1984 to 1985. He was transferred to Ila Prison, a maximum security prison for dangerous criminals, in 1985. In 1986, prison officials discovered that he planned to break out, and he was swiftly transferred to another maximum security prison for long term inmates, Ullersmo Prison.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: On 3 July 1992 he was reprieved by the Labour government of Gro Harlem Brundtland. His pardon by Gro Harlem Brundtland's Labour government in 1992, was controversial.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: On 24 September 2010, the Norwegian Criminal Cases Review Commission decided to reopen its investigation of the case, previously closed in 2008. On 9 June 2011, the commission decided that the Arne Treholt criminal case would not be reopened.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: Based on interviews with 29 witnesses (18 of whom were former police investigators who had been involved in the Treholt investigation) as well as forensic studies of photographs, negatives and documents, the commission unanimously concluded that there was no basis to suggest that evidence against Treholt had been tampered with or had been fabricated. In a 59-page document, the commission completely discounted the allegations made in the 2010 book.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: After the verdict, PST-director Kristiansen, who had denied re-openening the case in 2008, demanded an apology from Treholts supporters. The demand was rejected.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: In 2014 Treholt's lawyer Harald Stabell claimed to have been tipped off by an employee of Police Security Service that his law office had been under audio surveillance in 2010 and 2011. After Geir Selvik Malthe-Sørenssen had been exposed as a fraudster in 2016, Stabell stated that the source of this claim was Malthe-Sørenssen and not an employee of the Police Security Service.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: Treholt wrote on his experiences in prison in three books, "Alene" (1985), "Avdeling K" (1991), and "Gråsoner" (2004).

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Arne Treholt

Context: On 20 March 2006, the Norwegian News Agency (NTB) reported that Treholt had been admitted to a hospital in Cyprus and was in a stable but critical condition, and in a coma, possibly suffering from blood poisoning.

Question: Missä Arne Treholt vangittiin?


Symbiosis

Context: Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or more of the symbionts depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional), when they can generally live independently.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. When symbionts form a single body it is called conjunctive symbiosis, while all other arrangements are called disjunctive symbiosis. When one organism lives on the surface of another, such as head lice on humans, it is called ectosymbiosis; when one partner lives inside the tissues of another, such as "Symbiodinium" within coral, it is termed endosymbiosis.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Based on its biological usage, the term "symbiosis" can also be applied to mutually beneficial business relationships.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: In 1949, Edward Haskell proposed an integrative approach with a classification of "co-actions", later adopted by biologists as "interactions".

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Relationships can be obligate, meaning that one or both of the symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, in lichens, which consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts, the fungal partners cannot live on their own. The algal or cyanobacterial symbionts in lichens, such as "Trentepohlia", can generally live independently, and their part of the relationship is therefore described as facultative (optional), or non-obligate.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as "Frankia", which live in alder root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Ectosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice; commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacles, which attach themselves to the jaw of baleen whales; and mutualist ectosymbionts such as cleaner fish.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Competition can be defined as an interaction between organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another. Limited supply of at least one resource (such as food, water, and territory) used by both usually facilitates this type of interaction, although the competition may also exist over other 'amenities', such as females for reproduction (in the case of male organisms of the same species).

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a long-term relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both species, obligate for one but facultative for the other, or facultative for both.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: An example of mutualism is the relationship between the ocellaris clownfish that dwell among the tentacles of Ritteri sea anemones. The territorial fish protects the anemone from anemone-eating fish, and in turn the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from its predators. A special mucus on the clownfish protects it from the stinging tentacles.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: A facultative symbiosis is seen in encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs. The bryozoan colony ("Acanthodesia commensale") develops a cirumrotatory growth and offers the crab ("Pseudopagurus granulimanus") a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber that initially was situated within a gastropod shell.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Many types of tropical and sub-tropical ants have evolved very complex relationships with certain tree species.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: In endosymbiosis, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients which the endosymbiont provides. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts and ensure that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity).

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal, used of human social interaction. It derives from a medieval Latin word meaning sharing food, formed from "com-" (with) and "mensa" (table).

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Commensal relationships may involve one organism using another for transportation (phoresy) or for housing (inquilinism), or it may also involve one organism using something another created, after its death (metabiosis). Examples of metabiosis are hermit crabs using gastropod shells to protect their bodies, and spiders building their webs on plants.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: In a parasitic relationship, the parasite benefits while the host is harmed. Parasitism takes many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites and parasitic castrators that live on its surface and micropredators like mosquitoes that visit intermittently. Parasitism is an extremely successful mode of life; about 40% of all animal species are parasites, and the average mammal species is host to 4 nematodes, 2 cestodes, and 2 trematodes.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Amensalism is often used to describe strongly asymmetrical competitive interactions, such as between the Spanish ibex and weevils of the genus "Timarcha" which feed upon the same type of shrub. Whilst the presence of the weevil has almost no influence on food availability, the presence of ibex has an enormous detrimental effect on weevil numbers, as they consume significant quantities of plant matter and incidentally ingest the weevils upon it.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Symbiosis is increasingly recognized as an important selective force behind evolution; many species have a long history of interdependent co-evolution.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: Although symbiosis was once discounted as an anecdotal evolutionary phenomenon, evidence is now overwhelming that obligate or facultative associations among microorganisms and between microorganisms and multicellular hosts had crucial consequences in many landmark events in evolution and in the generation of phenotypic diversity and complex phenotypes able to colonise new environments.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: The biologist Lynn Margulis, famous for her work on endosymbiosis, contended that symbiosis is a major driving force behind evolution. She considered Darwin's notion of evolution, driven by competition, to be incomplete and claimed that evolution is strongly based on co-operation, interaction, and mutual dependence among organisms. According to Margulis and her son Dorion Sagan, "Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking."

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: About 80% of vascular plants worldwide form symbiotic relationships with fungi, in particular in arbuscular mycorrhizas.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: The acacia ant ("Pseudomyrmex ferruginea") is an obligate plant ant that protects at least five species of "Acacia" ("Vachellia") from preying insects and from other plants competing for sunlight, and the tree provides nourishment and shelter for the ant and its larvae.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Symbiosis

Context: In a sense derived from its biological meaning, "symbiosis" can also refer to mutually beneficial business relationships, for example where a manufacturer of products for sale ensures that its distributors are adequately stocked with supplies to meet anticipated demand.

Question: Mitä tarkoittaa termi symbioosi?


Michael Scofield

Context: Various flashbacks from subsequent episodes provide further insight into the relationship between Michael and his brother, and the reasons behind Michael's determination in helping Lincoln to escape his death sentence. In the episode flashbacks, the younger Michael is played by Dylan Minnette.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: It is later revealed that Michael has low latent inhibition, a perceptually differing condition in which one sees the world as pieces, rather than mere objects.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: Michael successfully tricks Gretchen into giving LJ and Sofia back safely. When a shootout begins out a museum in Panama, Michael grabs the gun from Linc's car and has Gretchen in his sights, but she escapes when police start to shoot at her. Later on outside the hospital, LJ gave him the same origami rose that Michael had given to Sara on her birthday. Fueled by revenge, he bids farewell to his family as he goes on a solo mission to hunt down Gretchen.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: In prison Sara is almost assassinated with rat-poison as General Krantz put a bounty of $100,000 on Sara. A man in the male prison tells T-Bag that his girl can do it for $40,000, however when her and Sara duel Gretchen comes in and kills Sara's attacker. When Gretchen figures out Sara is escaping, Gretchen tells Sara that she wants to come, and uses her saving of Sara as proof she can be trusted. In a secret code, Michael tells Sara to meet him at the chapel for the escape.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: The character was conceived after Paul Scheuring, "Prison Break"'s creator, developed an idea by another producer, about a man who deliberately imprisons himself to break somebody out. From the initial proposal, Scheuring then justified the character and story by making him a structural engineer who worked at the architecture firm that had access to the prison's blueprints. The name was originally used in Roald Dahl's collection of short stories, "Someone Like You", as Michael Scofield.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: In the show's second season, the character of Michael Scofield shows a wider range of emotions as Miller explains, "He's going to have some lighter, more colorful shades... now that he's off with his brother, around whom I think Michael is willing to show a side of himself that he's not with others, there's a lot more that I can explore."

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: The tattoo, which covers the entire upper body of Michael Scofield, is featured extensively in the first season of the show and to a lesser extent in the second season. It contributes a major part to the plot of the series, containing various details of the protagonist's plan to escape from prison and from the country. Incorporated within the tattoo are the blueprints of the prison in which the protagonists are incarcerated during the first season.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: Designed by Tom Berg and created by Tinsley Transfers, the tattoo took around five hours to be applied onto Miller. When the entire tattoo does not need to be shown, for example, in scenes where the actor is wearing a T-shirt, only the forearm pieces of the tattoo are applied.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: Before imprisonment into Fox River State Penitentiary Michael lived at 440 West Ardmore Avenue, Apartment 11, Chicago, Illinois 60660.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: Michael had a very strong moral sense and was cool and reasonable. He knew that if he or his allies turn to kill rather than subdue their enemies, they will gradually lose themselves and eventually everything. Bellick, "T-Bag", Whistler and overall Gretchen, all people with much blood on their hands are only alive or survived as long as they did because Michael spared them.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Michael Scofield

Context: Michael's enhanced creative ability allowed him to design a tattoo with a hidden blueprint of Fox River Penitentiary that normal people couldn't discern. Over the course of four months, Michael had specific sections of the prison tattooed onto his upper body, hidden within gothic imagery. Each part of his tattoo had to be precise, which provoked the tattooist's comment to Mahone about Michael being a "detail Nazi" and that the tattoo was "some sort of inside joke" that only he got.

Question: Kuka näytteli pääosaa Pako sarjassa?


Pilgerodendron

Context: Pilgerodendron is a genus of conifer belonging to the cypress family Cupressaceae. It has only one species, Pilgerodendron uviferum, which is endemic to the Valdivian temperate rain forests and Magellanic subpolar forests of southern Chile and southwestern Argentina. It grows from 40 to 55°S in Tierra del Fuego, where it is the southernmost conifer in the world. It is a member of subfamily Callitroideae, a group of distinct Southern Hemisphere genera associated with the Antarctic flora.

Question: Miten korkeaksi ristisypressi voi kasvaa?


Pilgerodendron

Context: "Pilgerodendron" is very closely related to the New Zealand and New Caledonian genus "Libocedrus", and many botanists treat "P. uviferum" within this genus, as "Libocedrus uvifera" (D.Don) Pilg. It is also a taxonomical synonym for "Libocedrus tetragona" (Hooker). The species is known locally as ciprés de las Guaitecas (after the Guaitecas Archipelago), and elsewhere by its scientific name, as pilgerodendron. The genus is named after Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger.

Question: Miten korkeaksi ristisypressi voi kasvaa?


Pilgerodendron

Context: At present much "Pilgerodendron uviferum" grow in the Andes and in the Chilean Coast Range. However, during the interstadials of the region's last glacial period, "P. uviferum" grew in lowland areas such as the Central Valley, where it is now absent. Remaining lowland populations are thought to be relicts that have survived the warmer climate of the Holocene.

Question: Miten korkeaksi ristisypressi voi kasvaa?


Pilgerodendron

Context: Indigenous sea-faring nomads of the Chono and Kawésqars groups used "Pilgerodendron uviferum" as firewood as well as wood for rows, boats and houses. During the Antonio de Vea expedition (1675–1676) Spanish explorers visited the Guaitecas and Chonos archipelagoes where the tree grew noticing the similarity to the "cypresses of Spain".

Question: Miten korkeaksi ristisypressi voi kasvaa?


Pilgerodendron

Context: Historically the wood was used to make railway sleepers, but eventually became popular for use as timber in all types of construction. In the 1860s, Felipe Westhoff was one of various businessmen who exported "Pilgerodendron uviferum" north to Chilean and Peruvian ports. Westhoff, who was based in Ancud, came initially as an agent of Ferrocarril Central Andino in Peru to purchase sleepers but soon became an independent businessman.

Question: Miten korkeaksi ristisypressi voi kasvaa?


Pilgerodendron

Context: The town of Melinka was established in 1860 during the "Pilgerodendron" boom. This was the first permanent settlement in the Guaitecas Archipelago. After Westhoff's retirement in the 1870s, Ciriaco Álvarez, a native of Chonchi, rose as the most prominent "P. uviferum" businessman in the area, and was dubbed "The King of Pilgerodendron" (). Many of the wooden structures in settlements of the southern Chilean archipelagos are built largely from "P. uviferum" wood.

Question: Miten korkeaksi ristisypressi voi kasvaa?


Diet of Porvoo

Context: The Diet of Porvoo (, or unhistorically ; ; ), was the summoned legislative assembly to establish the Grand Duchy of Finland in 1809 and the heir of the powers of the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates. The session of the Diet lasted from March to July 1809.

Question: Mitä Porvoon valtiopäivillä tapahtui?


Diet of Porvoo

Context: The diet had required that it would be convened again after the Finnish War, which separated Finland from Sweden, had been concluded. On 17 September, the conflict was settled by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn but it would be another five decades until the Finnish Estates would be called again.

Question: Mitä Porvoon valtiopäivillä tapahtui?


Diet of Porvoo

Context: During the rise of Finnish nationalism later in the 19th century, it was claimed that the Diet implied that a Treaty between states had been signed at the Diet between Finland and Russia. According to Emeritus Professor Jussila of Helsinki University, it is true that Alexander said that Finland had been raised to the status of a nation among nations, but the claim of a treaty between equals was simply a device invented for the political realities of the struggle for independence.

Question: Mitä Porvoon valtiopäivillä tapahtui?


Diet of Porvoo

Context: Out of 205 noble families 130 were not represented in the diet, and 60 of the representatives did not attend the opening ceremony. The burghers were mainly represented by merchants.

Question: Mitä Porvoon valtiopäivillä tapahtui?


Settlement of Iceland

Context: On the basis of "Íslendingabók" by Ari Þorgilsson, and "Landnámabók", histories dating from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and providing a wealth of detail about the settlement, the years 870 and 874 have traditionally been considered the first years of settlement. However, these sources are largely unreliable in the details they provide about the settlement, and recent research focuses more heavily on archaeological and genetic evidence.

Question: Minä vuonna Islanti on asutettu?


Settlement of Iceland

Context: Traditionally, the Icelandic Age of Settlement is considered to have lasted from 874 to 930, at which point most of the island had been claimed and Alþingi ("Althingi"), the assembly of the Icelandic Commonwealth, was founded at Þingvellir ("Thingvellir"). Iceland is thus likely the penultimate major land mass to be settled by humans (New Zealand being the last in the 13th century).

Question: Minä vuonna Islanti on asutettu?


Settlement of Iceland

Context: A cabin in Hafnir was abandoned between 770 and 880 CE, showing that it was built well before the traditional settlement date of 874. It is thought to have been an outpost only inhabited part of the year, but it is not known whether it was built by people from Scandinavia, Ireland or Scotland.

Question: Minä vuonna Islanti on asutettu?


Settlement of Iceland

Context: Though the notion that population pressure drove migration to Iceland remains unsupported in the academic literature, a number of reasons have been offered for the settlement of Iceland:

Question: Minä vuonna Islanti on asutettu?


Settlement of Iceland

Context: Ari Thorgilsson claims in "Íslendingabók" that the country had been "fully settled" by 930. Correspondingly, "Landnámabók" suggests that within about sixty years, all the usable land had been taken; it mentions 1,500 farm and place names, and more than 3,500 people, arranged in a geographical fashion.

Question: Minä vuonna Islanti on asutettu?


Settlement of Iceland

Context: In the periodisation of Icelandic history, therefore, the age of settlement is considered to have ended in the year 930 with the establishment of Alþingi; at this point the Icelandic Commonwealth period is considered to begin. Archeological evidence shows, however, "that immigrants continued to arrive in Iceland throughout the 10th century". The authors of one study speculate that "continued immigration may have been needed to sustain the population".

Question: Minä vuonna Islanti on asutettu?


Settlement of Iceland

Context: The second Norseman to arrive in Iceland was named Flóki Vilgerðarson, but the year of his arrival is not clear. According to the story told in Landnámabók, he took three ravens to help him find his way. Thus, he was nicknamed Raven-Flóki (Icelandic: "Hrafna-Flóki"). Flóki set his ravens free near the Faroe Islands. The first raven flew back to the Faroes. The second flew up in the air and then returned to the ship. However, the third flew in front of the ship and they followed its direction to Iceland.

Question: Minä vuonna Islanti on asutettu?


Settlement of Iceland

Context: As winter approached, Ingólfur's slaves found the pillars by Arnarhvoll . When summer came, he built a farmstead in Reykjavík and claimed all the land west of the rivers of Ölfusá, Öxará and Brynjudalsá . His slave Karli did not care for the location, and said to Ingólfur: "How ill that we should pass good land, to settle in this remote peninsula."

Question: Minä vuonna Islanti on asutettu?


Settlement of Iceland

Context: Scholars have argued that the settlers caused soil erosion through extensive deforestation and overgrazing. One study suggests that the primary motive for the deforestation was "clearance for pastures and home-fields", not the "settlers’ requirements for fuel and building material".

Question: Minä vuonna Islanti on asutettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The Soviet space program () was the national space program of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), active from 1955 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The Soviet space program served as an important marker of Soviet claims to its global superpower status. The Soviet government spent enormous resources and time to highlight and publicize its achievements to the world, and to promote its political rhetoric in the world arena.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: A key contributor to early soviet efforts came from a young Ukrainian aircraft engineer Sergey Korolev, who would later become the defacto head of the Soviet space programme.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: In 1926 as an advanced student Korolev was mentored by the famous Soviet aircraft designer Andrey Tupolev, who was a professor at his University. In 1930 while working as a lead engineer on the Tupolev TB-3 heavy bomber he became interested in the possibilities of liquid-fueled rocket engines to propel airplanes. This lead to contact with Zander, and sparked his interest in space exploration and rocketry.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: Special Design Bureau for Special Engines (OKB-SD) was lead by Glushko and focused on developing Auxillary liquid-fueled rocket engines to assist takeoff and climbing of prop aircraft, including the RD-IKhZ, RD-2 and RD-3. In 1944, the RD-1 kHz auxiliary rocket motor was tested in a fast-climb Lavochkin La-7R for protection of the capital from high-altitude "Luftwaffe" attacks. In 1942 Korolev was transferred to OKB-SD, where he proposed development of the long rang missiles D-1 and D-2.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The third design bureau was Plant No 51 (OKB-51), lead by Soviet Ukrainian Engineer Vladimir Chelomey, where he created the first Soviet pulsating air jet engine in 1942, independently of similar contemporary developments in Nazi Germany.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The Soviet space program was secondary in military funding to the Strategic Rocket Forces' ICBMs. While the West believed that Khrushchev personally ordered each new space mission for propaganda purposes, and the Soviet leader did have an unusually close relationship with Korolev and other chief designers, Khrushchev emphasized missiles rather than space exploration and was not very interested in competing with Apollo.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: Glushko was the chief rocket engine designer but he had a personal friction with Korolev and refused to develop the large single chamber cryogenic engines that Korolev needed to build heavy boosters.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: Chelomey benefited from the patronage of Khrushchev and in 1960 was given the plum job of developing a rocket to send a crewed vehicle around the Moon and a crewed military space station. With limited space experience, his development was slow.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: In 1961, Valentin Bondarenko, a cosmonaut and member of the Vostok Spacecraft, was killed in an endurance experiment after the chamber he was in caught on fire. The Soviet Union chose to cover up his death and continue on with the space program.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: Besides the crewed landings, the abandoned Soviet Moon program included the multipurpose moon base Zvezda, first detailed with developed mockups of expedition vehicles and surface modules.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: In contrast with the difficulty faced in its early crewed lunar programs, the USSR found significant success with its remote moon operations, achieving two historical firsts with the automatic Lunokhod and the Luna sample return missions. The Mars probe program was also continued with some success, while the explorations of Venus and then of the Halley comet by the Venera and Vega probe programs were more effective.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: In spite of many other Soviet-allied nations contributed to the national space program, the Soviet program was mostly inherited by the Russian Federation and fewer facilities to Ukraine after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The primary spaceport, Baikonur Cosmodrome, is now in Kazakhstan that leases the facility to Russia.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The Soviet space program had withheld information on its projects predating the success of Sputnik, the world's first artificial satellite. In fact, when the Sputnik project was first approved, one of the most immediate courses of action the Politburo took was to consider what to announce to the world regarding their event.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The program's public pronouncements were uniformly positive: as far as the people knew, the Soviet space program had never experienced failure. According to historian James Andrews, "With almost no exceptions, coverage of Soviet space exploits, especially in the case of human space missions, omitted reports of failure or trouble".

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: "The USSR was famously described by Winston Churchill as 'a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma' and nothing signified this more than the search for the truth behind its space program during the Cold War. Although the Space Race was literally played out above our heads, it was often obscured by a figurative 'space curtain' that took much effort to see through" says Dominic Phelan in the book "Cold War Space Sleuths" (Springer-Praxis 2013).

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: Two days after the United States announced its intention to launch an artificial satellite, on July 31, 1955, the Soviet Union announced its intention to do the same. Sputnik 1 was launched on October 4, 1957, beating the United States and stunning people all over the world.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The first official cosmonaut fatality during training occurred on March 23, 1961, when Valentin Bondarenko died in a fire within a low pressure, high oxygen atmosphere.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The Soviets continued striving for the first lunar mission with the huge N-1 rocket, which exploded on each of four uncrewed tests shortly after launch. The Americans won the race to land men on the Moon with Apollo 11 on July 20, 1969.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: In 1971, the Soyuz 11 mission to stay at the Salyut 1 space station resulted in the deaths of three cosmonauts when the reentry capsule depressurized during preparations for reentry. This accident resulted in the only human casualties to occur in space (beyond , as opposed to the high atmosphere). The crew members aboard Soyuz 11 were Vladislav Volkov, Georgy Dobrovolsky, and Viktor Patsayev.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: On March 18, 1980, a Vostok rocket exploded on its launch pad during a fueling operation, killing 48 people.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: In August 1981, Kosmos 434, which had been launched in 1971, was about to re-enter. To allay fears that the spacecraft carried nuclear materials, a spokesperson from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR assured the Australian government on 26 August 1981, that the satellite was "an experimental lunar cabin". This was one of the first admissions by the Soviet Union that it had ever engaged in a crewed lunar spaceflight program.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: In September 1983, a Soyuz rocket being launched to carry cosmonauts to the Salyut 7 space station exploded on the pad, causing the Soyuz capsule's abort system to engage, saving the two cosmonauts on board.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The Polyus satellite was a prototype orbital weapons platform designed to destroy Strategic Defense Initiative satellites with a megawatt carbon-dioxide laser. Launched mounted upside-down on its Energia rocket, its single flight test was a failure when the inertial guidance system failed to rotate it 180° and instead rotated a complete 360°.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The Energia was a successfully developed super heavy-lift launch vehicle which burned liquid hydrogen fuel. But without the Buran or Polyus payloads to launch, it was also canceled due to lack of funding on dissolution of the USSR.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The Vesta mission would have consisted of two identical double-purposed interplanetary probes to be launched in 1991. It was intended to fly-by Mars (instead of an early plan to Venus) and then study four asteroids belonging to different classes. At 4 Vesta a penetrator would be released.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Soviet space program

Context: The Tsiolkovsky mission was planned as a double-purposed deep interplanetary probe to be launched in the 1990s to make a "sling shot" flyby of Jupiter and then pass within five or seven radii of the Sun. A derivative of this spacecraft would possibly be launched toward Saturn and beyond.

Question: Minä vuonna Neuvostoliiton avaruusohjelma on perustettu?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: The military of ancient Rome, according to Titus Livius, one of the more illustrious historians of Rome over the centuries, was a key element in the rise of Rome over "above seven hundred years" from a small settlement in Latium to the capital of an empire governing a wide region around the shores of the Mediterranean, or, as the Romans themselves said, "mare nostrum", "our sea". Livy asserts:

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: ... if any people ought to be allowed to consecrate their origins and refer them to a divine source, so great is the military glory of the Roman People that when they profess that their Father and the Father of their Founder was none other than Mars, the nations of the earth may well submit to this also with as good a grace as they submit to Rome's dominion.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: The role and structure of the military were then altered during the empire. It became less Roman, the duties of border protection and territorial administration being more and more taken by foreign mercenaries officered by Romans. When they divided at last into warring factions the empire fell, unable to keep out invading armies.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: Loyalty was to the Roman state but pride was based in the soldier's unit, to which was attached a military standard − in the case of the legions a legionary eagle. Successful units were awarded accolades that became part of their official name, such as the 20th Legion, which became the XX Valeria Victrix (the "Valiant and Victorious 20th").

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: Of the martial culture of less valued units such as sailors, and light infantry, less is known, but it is doubtful that its training was as intense or its "esprit de corps" as strong as in the legions.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: Literacy was highly valued in the Roman military, and literacy rates in the military far exceeded that of the Roman society as a whole.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: Several additional factors bloated the military expenditure of the Roman Empire. First, substantial rewards were paid to "barbarian" chieftains for their good conduct in the form of negotiated subsidies and the provision of allied troops. Secondly, the military boosted its numbers, possibly by one third in a single century. Third, the military increasingly relied on a higher ratio of cavalry units in the late empire, which were many times more expensive to maintain than infantry units.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: For the most part, Roman cities had a civil guard used for maintaining peace. Due to fear of rebellions and other uprisings, they were forbidden to be armed at militia levels. Policing was split between the city guard for low-level affairs and the Roman legions and auxiliary for suppressing higher-level rioting and rebellion. This civil guard created a limited strategic reserve, one that fared poorly in actual warfare.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: The military engineering of Ancient Rome's armed forces was of a scale and frequency far beyond that of any of its contemporaries. Indeed, military engineering was in many ways institutionally endemic in Roman military culture, as demonstrated by the fact that each Roman legionary had as part of his equipment a shovel, alongside his "gladius" (sword) and "pila" (spears). Heather writes that "Learning to build, and build quickly, was a standard element of training".

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: This engineering prowess was, however, only evident during the peak of Roman military prowess from the mid-republic to the mid-empire. Before the mid-republic period, there is little evidence of protracted or exceptional military engineering, and in the late empire likewise, there is little sign of the kind of engineering feats that were regularly carried out in the earlier empire.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: This engineering expertise practiced in daily routines also served in the construction of siege equipment such as ballistae, onagers and siege towers, as well as allowing the troops to construct roads, bridges, and fortified camps. All of these led to strategic capabilities, allowing Roman troops to, respectively, assault besieged settlements, move more rapidly to wherever they were needed, cross rivers to reduce march times and surprise enemies, and to camp in relative security even in enemy territory.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: Rome would rely on brute force and sheer numbers when in doubt. The soldiers were trained to memorize every step in battle, so discipline and order could not break down into chaos. They were largely successful because of this.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Military of ancient Rome

Context: Besides personal weaponry, the Roman military adopted team weaponry such as the ballista and developed a naval weapon known as the "corvus", a spiked plank used for affixing and boarding enemy ships.

Question: Kuinka monta sotilasta kuului Antiikin Rooman armeijaan?


Finnhorse

Context: Finnhorses typically have thick manes and tails, and the legs have light feathering. The average height is . Pony-sized Finnhorses—under —exist as well, and are licensed for breeding in a separate section of the official stud book. Finnhorses have good gaits that are regular with elasticity, and relatively low, steady action. They are fast for a coldblooded breed, known as good trotting horses and used for harness racing.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: In addition to these general traits, there are four separate breed sections in the Finnhorse studbook, and a Finnhorse's overall conformation should be typical of the section in which it is recorded, though some horses are registered in multiple sections.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: Through the 18th and 19th centuries, chestnut in various shades was the prevailing colour of Finnish horses, making up about 40–50 percent of the breed, and bays, blacks and greys existed in much greater numbers than today: 34 percent were bay, 16 percent black, and the remaining 3 percent were grey, palomino or spotted. Wide blazes and high leg markings were rare, unlike today; bold markings became common only in the 20th century.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: The silver dapple gene survived for two reasons. First, it only affects black colour and therefore is "masked" in chestnuts. Second, when it does act on black and bay base coat colors, it produces a chestnut-like phenotype. Silver dapple bays were long registered as "cinnamon chestnuts", and silver dapple blacks as "flaxen-maned dark chestnuts".

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: The trotter type is the lightest Finnhorse. A trotter section horse should be of light conformation yet muscular, with a relatively long body and long legs. At the studbook evaluation, a trotter-type horse must meet the standards in racing results and/or in breeding value index as decreed by "Suomen Hippos". A trotter's disposition is evaluated during the drivability test. However, type is not part of the studbook evaluation standard for trotters.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: The Finnhorse is slower to mature than lighter breeds, and thus usually enters harness racing competition at the age of four. However, its build withstands competition better than light trotters, and the breed's effective competition career can be very long. The Finnish harness racing bylaws allow Finnhorses to be raced from ages 3 to 16.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: The walking test is given only to draught type Finnhorses and measures the horse's endurance while pulling a load. The horse tested pulls a load for , walking. The calculated time per kilometre must be no more than ten minutes to qualify as accepted. A horse qualifying with this time will be given four points. Extra points are given for faster times at the interval of 30 seconds, and the maximum points given is 10, for a time no longer than eight minutes and 30 seconds.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: The general drivability test is performed by trotter stallions. It is optional for draught type horses in lieu of the pulling test, and for pony-sized horses in lieu of the rideability test. The horse is driven by two different members of the studbook evaluation committee during this test, and asked to perform at a walk and trot. Its cooperation and disposition are evaluated on a scale of 4 to 10 points.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: In the rideability test, the horse is evaluated by a member of the studbook evaluation committee by being ridden at a walk, trot and canter. The horse's movement, balance and disposition are evaluated and given 4 to 10 points. The horse should express cooperation, gentleness, attentiveness, sensitivity to cues, and active effort. This test is required for riding-type horses, and optional for pony-sized horses in lieu of the driveability test.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: In the early 20th century, English J. C. Edward and Norwegian S. Petersen, proposed that Finland and the other countries surrounding the Gulf of Finland were the home region for the so-called "yellow pony". A later ethnologist, Kustaa Vilkuna (1902–1980) supported this view, proposing that an "Estonian-Finno-Karelian pony" descended from a small forest horse previously widespread in the lands surrounding the Gulf of Finland.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: Earliest horse equipment (bits) found in Finnish graves date from the Finnish Middle Iron Age, beginning from circa 400 CE. Breeds considered to descend from the same early types as the Finnhorse include the Estonian Native horse, the Norwegian Nordlandshest/Lyngshest, the Swedish Gotland Russ, the Mezen horse from the region of Archangelsk, Russia, and the Lithuanian Žemaitukas.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: Later, the 16th century writer Olaus Magnus mentioned the high quality of the horses used by the early Finns; in the 1520s, Gustav Vasa found the Finns exporting horses by the shipload to Lübeck, and strictly prohibited such trading, banning the sale of horses under the age of 7 years.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: Outside of these breeding efforts, Finnish horses were widely kept in semi-feral conditions through the mid-19th century. Ethnologist Kustaa Vilkuna describes how all horses regardless of sex and age were let out on forest pastures for the summer after the spring fieldwork was finished. The pasture was scarce and the terrain challenging, with both rocky ground and wetlands. Vilkuna considers this practice an important factor in making the Finnhorse an easy-keeping, hardy breed.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: Before World War II, the Finnhorse was the breed that made up almost all of the horses that were part of the Finnish army and mounted police forces. While officers mostly rode various foreign light horse breeds, the so-called "light type" of Finnhorse was used for the enlisted members of the cavalry. Many of the most talented Finnhorses had competitive success during their service. After the war, the Finnish cavalry was converted to infantry, and the use of the Finnhorse for riding purposes nearly ended.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: Other intentional crossbreeding experiments included the bloodstock of Sarkkila and Hali in Northern Karelia, descended from crosses with Russian military horses. The breeding programme of Sarkkila stated one of the stallions to be of "Fürstenbergian breed", and one of the mares of "oriental" descent. The "Hali breed", descending from the stallions of Sarkkila, was an important influence in the pedigree of a few notable Finnhorse trotter sires such as Eino 680 and his son Eino-Vakaa 25.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: With the Russians having taken the best animals, combined with the old custom of pastures shared by municipalities or larger areas, rebuilding the horse population took decades. To increase numbers, horses were often bred too young, and inbreeding also occurred. By 1761, one of the first researchers in the agricultural chemistry in Finland described the Finnish horse population of the time:

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: At first the only notable objectives of the Finnhorse breeding programme concerned appearance, especially the colour, of the breed. The aim was to remove "foreign" characteristics. Later, in the 1920s, trials of performance were introduced, and since then, the main objectives of the Finnhorse breeding programme have continued to encourage improvements in the capacity, movement, conformation and character of the breed.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: Since the establishment of the Finnhorse stud book it has been closed and the breed has been bred pure. While accidental and even intentional Finnhorse crossbreds exist, they are not accepted for the Finnhorse registry and have not been used to develop new breeds within Finland. The Finnhorse stud book remains in the control of "Suomen Hippos".

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: Although other breeds were being increasingly imported and bred, the numbers of the Finnhorse population also slowly began to recover; in 1997, 19,000 Finnhorses existed. Harness racing and associated parimutuel betting, and to some degree also the relatively new hobby of riding, became the most important factors ensuring the survival of the breed.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: There are few draft-type Finnhorse family lines left, and only an estimated two or three hundred animals are known to be used as actual workhorses in the 21st century. However, interest in traditional uses and methods has been increasing, and workhorse competitions are regularly held which usually include horse pulling or ploughing contests.

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Finnhorse

Context: Finnhorses also successfully compete in combined driving, and are the breed most often used for the sport in Finland, especially at regional and national levels; the Finnhorse Jehun Viima, driven by Heidi Sinda, was a member of the Finnish singles driving team that finished 2nd at the 2002 World Singles Championships in Conty, France. According to Sinda, the Finnhorse is ideally suited for combined driving, being well-mannered, focused, hard working, obedient, and possessing "cool nerves."

Question: Mistä hevoset ovat tulleet Suomeen?


Portland, Oregon

Context: The city operates with a commission-based government, guided by a mayor and four commissioners, as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. This climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the "City of Roses" for over a century.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula, in what would later become Montana. These massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with of water.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Before American settlers began arriving in the 1800s, the land was inhabited for many centuries by two bands of indigenous Chinook peoplethe Multnomah and the Clackamas. The Chinook people occupying the land were first documented in 1805 by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. Before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: On May 25, 2021, there was a protest commemorating the one-year anniversary of Floyd's murder. This protest resulted in property damage and resulted in a number of arrests.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Per a 2014 report, over 7,000 locations within the Portland area are at high-risk for landslides and soil liquefaction in the event of a major earthquake, including much of the city's west side (such as Washington Park) and sections of Clackamas County.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of , of which is land and is water. Although almost all of Portland is within Multnomah County, small portions of the city are within Clackamas and Washington Counties, with populations estimated at 785 and 1,455, respectively.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: North Portland is largely residential and industrial. It contains Kelley Point Park, the northernmost point of the city. It also contains the St. Johns neighborhood, which is historically one of the most ethnically diverse and poorest neighborhoods in the city.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Southeast Portland is largely residential, and consists of several neighborhoods, including Hawthorne District, Belmont, Brooklyn, and Mount Tabor. Reed College, a private liberal arts college that was founded in 1908, is located within the confines of Southeast Portland as is Mount Tabor, a volcanic landform.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: The 2010 census reported the city as 76.1% White (444,254 people), 7.1% Asian (41,448), 6.3% Black or African American (36,778), 1.0% Native American (5,838), 0.5% Pacific Islander (2,919), 4.7% belonging to two or more racial groups (24,437) and 5.0% from other races (28,987). 9.4% were Hispanic or Latino, of any race (54,840). Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 72.2% of the total population.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: With about 12,000 Vietnamese residing in the city proper, Portland has one of the largest Vietnamese populations in America per capita. According to statistics, there are over 4,500 Pacific Islanders in Portland, making up 0.7% of the city's population. There is a Tongan community in Portland, who arrived in the area in the 1970s, and Tongans and Pacific Islanders as a whole are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the Portland area.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: In the 1980s and 1990s, radical skinhead groups flourished in Portland. In 1988, Mulugeta Seraw, an Ethiopian immigrant, was killed by three skinheads. The response to his murder involved a community-driven series of rallies, campaigns, nonprofits and events designed to address Portland's racial history, leading to a city considered significantly more tolerant than in 1988 at Seraw's death.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: As of the 2010 census, there were 583,776 people living in the city, organized into 235,508 households. The population density was 4,375.2 people per square mile. There were 265,439 housing units at an average density of 1989.4 per square mile (1,236.3/km). Population growth in Portland increased 10.3% between 2000 and 2010. Population growth in the Portland metropolitan area has outpaced the national average during the last decade, and this is expected to continue over the next 50 years.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: As recently as 2012, Portland has been cited as the least religious city in the United States, with over 42% of residents identifying as religiously "unaffiliated", according to the nonpartisan and nonprofit Public Religion Research Institute's American Values Atlas.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: The proposed budget for 2022-23 includes $5.8MM to buy land for affordable housing, and $36MM to equip and operate "safe rest villages".

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: In the Portland Metropolitan statistical area which includes Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, OR and Clark and Skamania Counties, WA for 2017, the murder rate was 2.6, violent crime was 283.2 per 100,000 people per year. In 2017, the population within the city of Portland was 649,408 and there were 24 murders and 3,349 violent crimes.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: In the first quarter of 2021, Portland recorded the largest increase in homicides of any American city during that time period. There were 21 homicides, an increase of 950 percent over that same quarter the year before.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Below is a sortable table containing violent crime data from each Portland neighborhood during the calendar year of 2014.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Portland's location is beneficial for several industries. Relatively low energy cost, accessible resources, north–south and east–west Interstates, international air terminals, large marine shipping facilities, and both west coast intercontinental railroads are all economic advantages.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: The city's marine terminals alone handle over 13 million tons of cargo per year, and the port is home to one of the largest commercial dry docks in the country. The Port of Portland is the third-largest export tonnage port on the west coast of the U.S., and being about upriver, it is the largest fresh-water port.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Other notable Portland-based companies include industrial goods and metal fabrication company Precision Castparts, film animation studio Laika; commercial vehicle manufacturer Daimler Trucks North America; advertising firm Wieden+Kennedy; bankers Umpqua Holdings; child care and early childhood education provider KinderCare Learning Centers; and retailers Fred Meyer, New Seasons Market, and Storables.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Breweries are another major industry in Portland, which is home to 139 breweries/microbreweries, the 7th most in the nation, as of December 2018. Additionally, the city boasts a robust coffee culture that now rivals Seattle and hosts over 20 coffee roasters.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: In 2016, home prices in Portland grew faster than in any other city in the United States. Apartment rental costs in Portland reported in November 2019 was $1,337 for two bedroom and $1,133 for one bedroom.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: An unusual feature of Portland entertainment is the large number of movie theaters serving beer, often with second-run or revival films. Notable examples of these "brew and view" theaters include the Bagdad Theater and Pub, a former vaudeville theater built in 1927 by Universal Studios; Cinema 21; and the Laurelhurst Theater, in operation since 1923. Portland hosts the world's longest-running H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival at the Hollywood Theatre.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Oaks Amusement Park, in the Sellwood district of Southeast Portland, is the city's only amusement park and is also one of the country's longest-running amusement parks. It has operated since 1905 and was known as the "Coney Island of the Northwest" upon its opening.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: It is frequently claimed that Portland has the most breweries and independent microbreweries of any city in the world, with 58 active breweries within city limits and 70+ within the surrounding metro area. However, data compiled by the Brewers Association ranks Portland seventh in the United States as of 2018.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: "Popular Science" awarded Portland the title of the Greenest City in America in 2008, and "Grist" magazine listed it in 2007 as the second greenest city in the world. Ten years later, WalletHub rated the city as the 10th greenest. The city became a pioneer of state-directed metropolitan planning, a program which was instituted statewide in 1969 to compact the urban growth boundaries of the city. Portland was the first city to enact a comprehensive plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: In November 2008, a Multnomah County judge dismissed charges against a nude bicyclist arrested on June 26, 2008. The judge stated that the city's annual World Naked Bike Rideheld each year in June since 2004has created a "well-established tradition" in Portland where cyclists may ride naked as a form of protest against cars and fossil fuel dependence. The defendant was not riding in the official World Naked Bike Ride at the time of his arrest as it had occurred 12 days earlier that year, on June 14.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: From November 10 to 12, 2016, protests in Portland turned into a riot, when a group broke off from a larger group of peaceful protesters who were opposed to the election of Donald Trump as president of the United States.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: The annual Cambia Portland Classic women's golf tournament in September, now in its 50th year, is the longest-running non-major tournament on the LPGA Tour, plays in the southern suburb of West Linn.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Historic Erv Lind Stadium is located in Normandale Park. It has been home to professional and college softball.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Parks and greenspace planning date back to John Charles Olmsted's 1903 "Report to the Portland Park Board". In 1995, voters in the Portland metropolitan region passed a regional bond measure to acquire valuable natural areas for fish, wildlife, and people. Ten years later, more than of ecologically valuable natural areas had been purchased and permanently protected from development.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Portland's downtown features two groups of contiguous city blocks dedicated for park space: the North and South Park Blocks. The Tom McCall Waterfront Park was built in 1974 along the length of the downtown waterfront after Harbor Drive was removed; it now hosts large events throughout the year. The nearby historically significant Burnside Skatepark and five indoor skateparks give Portland a reputation as possibly "the most skateboard-friendly town in America."

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Portland's city park system has been proclaimed one of the best in America. In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, the Trust for Public Land reported Portland had the seventh-best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities. In February 2015, the City Council approved a total ban on smoking in all city parks and natural areas and the ban has been in force since July 1, 2015. The ban includes cigarettes, vaping, as well as marijuana.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: The Multnomah County government provides many services to the Portland area, as do Washington and Clackamas counties to the west and south.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Law enforcement is provided by the Portland Police Bureau. Fire and emergency services are provided by Portland Fire & Rescue.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: On June 14, 2022, the Portland Charter Commission voted overwhelmingly (17 out of 20 Charter Commissioners) to hold a referendum in November 2022 on reforms of Portland’s elections and city government. Voters will have opportunity to help decide if Portland should switch to using Proportional representation ranked choice voting (Single transferable voting).

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Portland is a territorial charter city, and strongly favors the Democratic Party. All city offices are non-partisan. However, a Republican has not been elected as mayor since Fred L. Peterson in 1952, and has not served as mayor even on an interim basis since Connie McCready held the post from 1979 to 1980.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: In the 2008 presidential election, Democratic candidate Barack Obama easily carried Portland, winning 245,464 votes from city residents to 50,614 for his Republican rival, John McCain. In the 2012 presidential election, Democratic candidate Barack Obama again easily carried Portland, winning 256,925 votes from Multnomah county residents to 70,958 for his Republican rival, Mitt Romney.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Former public schools in the city included Washington High School, which operated from 1906 until 1981, as well as Adams and Jackson, which also closed the same year.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: The city and surrounding metropolitan area are also home to a large number of Roman Catholic-affiliated private schools, including St. Mary's Academy, an all-girls school; De La Salle North Catholic High School; the co-educational Jesuit High School; La Salle High School; and Central Catholic High School, the only archdiocesan high school in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: Notable private universities include the University of Portland, a Roman Catholic university affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross; Reed College, a liberal arts college, and Lewis & Clark College.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: In 2008, 12.6% of all commutes in Portland were on public transit. TriMet operates most of the region's buses and the MAX (short for Metropolitan Area Express) light rail system, which connects the city and suburbs. The 1986-opened MAX system has expanded to five lines, with the latest being the Orange Line to Milwaukie, in service as of September 2015. WES Commuter Rail opened in February 2009 in Portland's western suburbs, linking Beaverton and Wilsonville.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: TriMet provides real-time tracking of buses and trains with its TransitTracker, and makes the data available to software developers so they can create customized tools of their own.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Portland, Oregon

Context: In Portland, cycling is a significant mode of transportation. As the city has been particularly supportive of urban bicycling it now ranks highly among the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world.

Question: Minkä Yhdysvaltojen osavaltion pääkaupunki on Portland?


Crossbow

Context: A crossbow is a ranged weapon using an elastic launching device consisting of a bow-like assembly called a "prod", mounted horizontally on a main frame called a "tiller", which is hand-held in a similar fashion to the stock of a long firearm. Crossbows shoot arrow-like projectiles called "bolts" or "quarrels". A person who shoots crossbow is called a "crossbowman" or an "arbalist" (after the arbalest, a European crossbow variant used during the 12th century).

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: In modern times, firearms have largely supplanted bows and crossbows as weapons of warfare. However, crossbows still remain widely used for competitive shooting sports and hunting, or for relatively silent shooting.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: It is possible to turn at least some store-bought bows into a crossbow. It is done by marrying a stock-and-trigger system to a bow.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: A crossbowman or crossbow-maker is sometimes called an "arbalista", "arbalist" or "arbalest". The latter two are also used to refer to the crossbow.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: The "lath", also called the "prod", is the bow of the crossbow. According to W.F. Peterson, the "prod" came into usage in the 19th century as a result of mistranslating "rodd" in a 16th-century list of crossbow effects.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: The "stock" is the wooden body on which the bow is mounted, although the medieval "tiller" is also used.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: A crossbow is essentially a bow mounted on an elongated frame (called a tiller or stock) with a built-in mechanism that holds the drawn bow string, as well as a trigger mechanism that allows the string to be released.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: European crossbows from the 10th to 12th centuries used wood for the bow, also called the "prod" or "lath", which tended to be ash or yew.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Composite bows started appearing in Europe during the 13th century and could be made from layers of different material, often wood, horn, and sinew glued together and bound with animal tendon. These composite bows made of several layers are much stronger and more efficient in releasing energy than simple wooden bows.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Traditionally, the prod was often lashed to the stock with rope, whipcord, or other strong cording. This cording is called the "bridle".

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: During the Medieval period, both Chinese and European crossbows used stirrups as well as belt hooks. In the 13th century, European crossbows started using winches, and from the 14th century an assortment of spanning mechanisms such as winch pulleys, cord pulleys, gaffles (such as gaffe levers, goat's foot levers, and rarer internal lever-action mechanisms), cranequins, and even screws.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Even relatively small differences in arrow weight can have a considerable impact on its drop and, conversely, its flight trajectory.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: The ancient Chinese crossbow often included a metal (i.e. bronze or steel) grid serving as iron sights. Modern crossbow sights often use similar technology to modern firearm sights, such as red dot sights and telescopic sights. Many crossbow scopes feature multiple crosshairs to compensate for the significant effects of gravity over different ranges. In most cases, a newly bought crossbow will need to be sighted for accurate shooting.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: A major cause of the sound of shooting a crossbow is vibration of various components. Crossbow silencers are multiple components placed on high vibration parts, such as the string and limbs, to dampen vibration and suppress the sound of loosing the bolt.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: After the Han dynasty, the crossbow lost favor during the Six Dynasties until it experienced a mild resurgence during the Tang dynasty, under which the ideal expeditionary army of 20,000 included 2,200 archers and 2,000 crossbowmen. Li Jing and Li Quan prescribed 20 percent of the infantry to be armed with crossbows.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: During the late Ming dynasty, no crossbows were mentioned to have been produced in the three-year period from 1619 to 1622. With 21,188,366 taels, the Ming manufactured 25,134 cannons, 8,252 small guns, 6,425 muskets, 4,090 culverins, 98,547 polearms and swords, 26,214 great "horse decapitator" swords, 42,800 bows, 1,000 great axes, 2,284,000 arrows, 180,000 fire arrows, 64,000 bow strings, and hundreds of transport carts.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Other sorts of crossbows also existed, such as the repeating crossbow, multi-shot crossbow, larger field artillery crossbows, and repeating multi-shot crossbow.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: In Vietnamese historical legend, general Thục Phán, who ruled over the ancient kingdom of Âu Lạc from 257 to 207 BC, is said to have owed his power to a magic crossbow, capable of shooting thousands of bolts at once.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: The native Montagnards of Vietnam's Central Highlands were also known to have used crossbows, as both a tool for hunting, and later, an effective weapon against the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War. Montagnard fighters armed with crossbows proved a highly valuable asset to the US Special Forces operating in Vietnam, and it was not uncommon for the Green Berets to integrate Montagnard crossbowmen into their strike teams.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Crossbow technology for crossbows with more than one prod was transferred from the Chinese to Champa, which Champa used in its invasion of the Khmer Empire's Angkor in 1177. When the Chams sacked Angkor they used the Chinese siege crossbow. Crossbows and archery while mounted were instructed to the Cham by a Chinese in 1171. The Khmer also had double bow crossbows mounted on elephants, which Michel Jacq-Hergoualc'h suggests were elements of Cham mercenaries in Jayavarman VII's army.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Arrian's earlier "Ars Tactica", written around 136 AD, does mention 'missiles shot not from a bow but from a machine' and that this machine was used on horseback while in full gallop. It is presumed that this was a crossbow.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: The only pictorial evidence of Roman arcuballistas comes from sculptural reliefs in Roman Gaul depicting them in hunting scenes. These are aesthetically similar to both the Greek and Chinese crossbows, but it is not clear what kind of release mechanism they used. Archaeological evidence suggests they were similar to the rolling nut mechanism of medieval Europe.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: References to the crossbow are basically nonexistent in Europe from the 5th century until the 10th century. There is however a depiction of a crossbow as a hunting weapon on four Pictish stones from early medieval Scotland (6th to 9th centuries): St. Vigeans no. 1, Glenferness, Shandwick, and Meigle.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: The crossbow reappeared again in 947 as a French weapon during the siege of Senlis and again in 984 at the siege of Verdun. Crossbows were used at the battle of Hastings in 1066 and by the 12th century they had become common battlefield weapons. The earliest extant European crossbow remains to date were found at Lake Paladru and has been dated to the 11th century.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: There are no references to crossbows in Islamic texts earlier than the 14th century. Arabs in general were averse to the crossbow and considered it a foreign weapon. They called it "qaus al-rijl" (foot-drawn bow), "qaus al-zanbūrak" (bolt bow) and "qaus al-faranjīyah" (Frankish bow). Although Muslims did have crossbows, there seems to be a split between eastern and western types. Muslims in Spain used the typical European trigger while eastern Muslim crossbows had a more complex trigger mechanism.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Spanish conquistadors continued to use crossbows in the Americas long after they were replaced in European battlefields by firearms. Only in the 1570s did firearms become completely dominant among the Spanish in the Americas.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: The French and the British used a Sauterelle (French for grasshopper) in World War I. It was lighter and more portable than the Leach Trench Catapult, but less powerful. It weighed and could throw an F1 grenade or Mills bomb . The Sauterelle replaced the Leach Catapult in British service and was in turn replaced in 1916 by the 2-inch Medium Trench Mortar and Stokes mortar.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Crossbows are used for shooting sports and bowhunting in modern archery and for blubber biopsy samples in scientific research. In some countries such as Canada or the United Kingdom, they may be less heavily regulated than firearms, and thus more popular for hunting; some jurisdictions have bow and/or crossbow only seasons.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Crossbows have a much smaller draw length than bows. This means that for the same energy to be imparted to the arrow (or bolt), the crossbow has to have a much higher draw weight.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: A direct comparison between a fast hand-drawn replica crossbow and a longbow show a 6:10 rate of shooting or a 4:9 rate within 30 seconds and comparable weapons.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Crossbow

Context: Today, the crossbow often has a complicated legal status due to the possibility of lethal use and its similarities to both firearms and archery weapons. While some jurisdictions regard crossbows the same as firearms, many others do not require any sort of license to own a crossbow. The legality of using a crossbow for hunting varies widely around the world, and even within different jurisdictions of some federal countries.

Question: Missä jalkajousi keksittiin?


Vitamin K

Context: Chemically, the vitamin K family comprises 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (3-) derivatives. Vitamin K includes two natural vitamers: vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin K2 (menaquinone). Vitamin K2, in turn, consists of a number of related chemical subtypes, with differing lengths of carbon side chains made of isoprenoid groups of atoms. The two most studied ones are menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7).

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: According to the Global Fortification Data Exchange, vitamin K deficiency is so rare that no countries require that foods be fortified. The World Health Organization does not have recommendations on vitamin K fortification.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Vitamin K1 is primarily from plants, especially leafy green vegetables. Small amounts are provided by animal-sourced foods. Vitamin K2 is primarily from animal-sourced foods, with poultry and eggs much better sources than beef, pork or fish. One exception to the latter is "nattō", which is made from bacteria-fermented soybeans. It is a rich food source of vitamin K2 variant MK-7, made by the bacteria.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Animal-sourced foods are a source of vitamin K2 The MK-4 form is from conversion of plant-sourced vitamin K1 in various tissues in the body.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Because vitamin K aids mechanisms for blood clotting, its deficiency may lead to reduced blood clotting, and in severe cases, can result in reduced clotting, increased bleeding, and increased prothrombin time.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Normal diets are usually not deficient in vitamin K, indicating that deficiency is uncommon in healthy children and adults. An exception may be infants who are at an increased risk of deficiency regardless of the vitamin status of the mother during pregnancy and breast feeding due to poor transfer of the vitamin to the placenta and low amounts of the vitamin in breast milk.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Secondary deficiencies can occur in people who consume adequate amounts, but have malabsorption conditions, such as cystic fibrosis or chronic pancreatitis, and in people who have liver damage or disease. Secondary vitamin K deficiency can also occur in people who have a prescription for a vitamin K antagonist drug, such as warfarin. A drug associated with increased risk of vitamin K deficiency is cefamandole, although the mechanism is unknown.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Bleeding in infants due to vitamin K deficiency can be severe, leading to hospitalization, brain damage, and death. Intramuscular injection, typically given shortly after birth, is more effective in preventing vitamin K deficiency bleeding than oral administration, which calls for weekly dosing up to three months of age.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Vitamin K is a treatment for bleeding events caused by overdose of the drug. The vitamin can be administered by mouth, intravenously or subcutaneously. Oral vitamin K is used in situations when a person's International normalised ratio is greater than 10 but there is no active bleeding. The newer anticoagulants apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban are not vitamin K antagonists.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: In animals, vitamin K is involved in the carboxylation of certain glutamate residues in proteins to form gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) residues. The modified residues are often (but not always) situated within specific protein domains called Gla domains. Gla residues are usually involved in binding calcium, and are essential for the biological activity of all known Gla proteins.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: 17 human proteins with Gla domains have been discovered; they play key roles in the regulation of three physiological processes:

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Vitamin K is distributed differently within animals depending on its specific homologue. Vitamin K1 is mainly present in the liver, heart and pancreas, while MK-4 is better represented in the kidneys, brain and pancreas. The liver also contains longer chain homologues MK-7 to MK-13.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Gla proteins are known to occur in a wide variety of vertebrates: mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. The venom of a number of Australian snakes acts by activating the human blood-clotting system. In some cases, activation is accomplished by snake Gla-containing enzymes that bind to the endothelium of human blood vessels and catalyze the conversion of procoagulant clotting factors into activated ones, leading to unwanted and potentially deadly clotting.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Another interesting class of invertebrate Gla-containing proteins is synthesized by the fish-hunting snail "Conus geographus". These snails produce a venom containing hundreds of neuroactive peptides, or conotoxins, which is sufficiently toxic to kill an adult human. Several of the conotoxins contain two to five Gla residues.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Vitamin K1 is an important chemical in green plants, where it functions as an electron acceptor in photosystem I during photosynthesis. For this reason, vitamin K1 is found in large quantities in the photosynthetic tissues of plants (green leaves, and dark green leafy vegetables such as romaine lettuce, kale, and spinach), but it occurs in far smaller quantities in other plant tissues.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: The first published report of successful treatment with vitamin K of life-threatening hemorrhage in a jaundiced patient with prothrombin deficiency was made in 1938 by Smith, Warner, and Brinkhous.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: The precise function of vitamin K was not discovered until 1974, when prothrombin, a blood coagulation protein, was confirmed to be vitamin K dependent. When the vitamin is present, prothrombin has amino acids near the amino terminus of the protein as γ-carboxyglutamate instead of glutamate, and is able to bind calcium, part of the clotting process.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Vitamin K

Context: Population studies suggest that vitamin K status may have roles in inflammation, brain function, endocrine function and an anti-cancer effect. For all of these, there is not sufficient evidence from intervention trials to draw any conclusions. From a review of observational trials, long-term use of vitamin K antagonists as anticoagulation therapy is associated with lower cancer incidence in general. There are conflicting reviews as to whether agonists reduce the risk of prostate cancer.

Question: Paljonko K-vitamiiniä ihminen tarvitsee päivässä?


Sigmund Freud

Context: In 1896, Minna Bernays, Martha Freud's sister, became a permanent member of the Freud household after the death of her fiancé. The close relationship she formed with Freud led to rumours, started by Carl Jung, of an affair. The discovery of a Swiss hotel guest-book entry for 13 August 1898, signed by Freud whilst travelling with his sister-in-law, has been presented as evidence of the affair.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: Freud began smoking tobacco at age 24; initially a cigarette smoker, he became a cigar smoker. He believed smoking enhanced his capacity to work and that he could exercise self-control in moderating it. Despite health warnings from colleague Wilhelm Fliess, he remained a smoker, eventually suffering a buccal cancer. Freud suggested to Fliess in 1897 that addictions, including that to tobacco, were substitutes for masturbation, "the one great habit."

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: Freud read William Shakespeare in English throughout his life, and it has been suggested that his understanding of human psychology may have been partially derived from Shakespeare's plays.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: Freud's Jewish origins and his allegiance to his secular Jewish identity were of significant influence in the formation of his intellectual and moral outlook, especially concerning his intellectual non-conformism, as he was the first to point out in his "Autobiographical Study". They would also have a substantial effect on the content of psychoanalytic ideas, particularly in respect of their common concerns with depth interpretation and "the bounding of desire by law".

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: Freud's development of these new theories took place during a period in which he experienced heart irregularities, disturbing dreams and periods of depression, a "neurasthenia" which he linked to the death of his father in 1896 and which prompted a "self-analysis" of his own dreams and memories of childhood. His explorations of his feelings of hostility to his father and rivalrous jealousy over his mother's affections led him to fundamentally revise his theory of the origin of the neuroses.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: This transition from the theory of infantile sexual trauma as a general explanation of how all neuroses originate to one that presupposes autonomous infantile sexuality provided the basis for Freud's subsequent formulation of the theory of the Oedipus complex.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: With his prestige thus enhanced, Freud continued with the regular series of lectures on his work which, since the mid-1880s as a docent of Vienna University, he had been delivering to small audiences every Saturday evening at the lecture hall of the university's psychiatric clinic.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: From the autumn of 1902, a number of Viennese physicians who had expressed interest in Freud's work were invited to meet at his apartment every Wednesday afternoon to discuss issues relating to psychology and neuropathology. This group was called the Wednesday Psychological Society ("Psychologische Mittwochs-Gesellschaft") and it marked the beginnings of the worldwide psychoanalytic movement.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: Freud founded this discussion group at the suggestion of the physician Wilhelm Stekel. Stekel had studied medicine at the University of Vienna under Richard von Krafft-Ebing. His conversion to psychoanalysis is variously attributed to his successful treatment by Freud for a sexual problem or as a result of his reading "The Interpretation of Dreams", to which he subsequently gave a positive review in the Viennese daily newspaper "Neues Wiener Tagblatt".

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: Max Graf, a Viennese musicologist and father of "Little Hans", who had first encountered Freud in 1900 and joined the Wednesday group soon after its initial inception, described the ritual and atmosphere of the early meetings of the society:

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: Some of Freud's followers subsequently withdrew from the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) and founded their own schools.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: Later the same year, Freud published a paper entitled "", the German original being first published in the "Jahrbuch", giving his view on the birth and evolution of the psychoanalytic movement and the withdrawal of Adler and Jung from it.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: After the founding of the IPA in 1910, an international network of psychoanalytical societies, training institutes, and clinics became well established and a regular schedule of biannual Congresses commenced after the end of World War I to coordinate their activities.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: The Vienna Ambulatorium (Clinic) was established in 1922 and the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute was founded in 1924 under the directorship of Helene Deutsch. Ferenczi founded the Budapest Psychoanalytic Institute in 1913 and a clinic in 1929.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: Psychoanalytic societies and institutes were established in Switzerland (1919), France (1926), Italy (1932), the Netherlands (1933), Norway (1933), and in Palestine (Jerusalem, 1933) by Eitingon, who had fled Berlin after Adolf Hitler came to power. The New York Psychoanalytic Institute was founded in 1931.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: The 1922 Berlin Congress was the last Freud attended. By this time his speech had become seriously impaired by the prosthetic device he needed as a result of a series of operations on his cancerous jaw. He kept abreast of developments through regular correspondence with his principal followers and via the circular letters and meetings of the Secret Committee which he continued to attend.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?


Sigmund Freud

Context: In 1930, Freud received the Goethe Prize in recognition of his contributions to psychology and German literary culture.

Question: Minkä maalainen oli Sigmund Freud?