Bible translations into Korean

Context: Until the 1990s, most Korean Bible translations used old-fashioned, antiquated language. This made it difficult for Christians that preferred colloquial terms to comprehend what the Bible said. By the 1990s, more colloquial and contemporary versions of the Korean Bible translations came about for Christians, which made it easier for them to comprehend and understand the words from the Bible in a more precise way.

Question: 한글 성경이 최초로 번역된 해는 언제인가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977), often known simply as Elvis, was an American singer and actor. Dubbed the "King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the 20th century. His energized interpretations of songs and sexually provocative performance style, combined with a singularly potent mix of influences across color lines during a transformative era in race relations, led him to both great success and initial controversy.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Presley's father, Vernon, was of German, Scottish and English origins. Presley's mother, Gladys, was of Scots-Irish and Jewish, with some French Norman, ancestry. His mother and the rest of the family believed that her great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was Cherokee. This belief was confirmed by Elvis's granddaughter Riley Keough in 2017. Elaine Dundy, in her biography, supports the belief. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, showing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of altering a check written by his landowner and sometime-employer. He was jailed for eight months, while Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Many fledgling performers, like Minnie Pearl, Johnny Horton, and Johnny Cash, sang the praises of "Louisiana Hayride" sponsor, Southern Maid Donuts, including Presley, who developed a lifelong love of doughnuts. Presley made his singular product endorsement commercial for the doughnut company, which was never released, recording a radio jingle, "in exchange for a box of hot glazed doughnuts."

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: On March 24, 1958, Presley was drafted into the U.S. Army as a private at Fort Chaffee, near Fort Smith, Arkansas. His arrival was a major media event. Hundreds of people descended on Presley as he stepped from the bus; photographers then accompanied him into the fort. Presley announced that he was looking forward to his military stint, saying that he did not want to be treated any differently from anyone else: "The Army can do anything it wants with me."

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Presley returned to television on May 12 as a guest on ""—ironic for both stars, given Sinatra's earlier excoriation of rock and roll. Also known as "Welcome Home Elvis", the show had been taped in late March, the only time all year Presley performed in front of an audience. Parker secured an unheard-of $125,000 fee for eight minutes of singing. The broadcast drew an enormous viewership.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Cassandra Peterson, later television's Elvira, met Presley during this period in Las Vegas, where she was working as a showgirl. She recalled of their encounter, "He was so anti-drug when I met him. I mentioned to him that I smoked marijuana, and he was just appalled. He said, 'Don't ever do that again. Presley was not only deeply opposed to recreational drugs, he also rarely drank. Several of his family members had been alcoholics, a fate he intended to avoid.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: The book "", co-written by the three bodyguards fired the previous year, was published on August 1. It was the first exposé to detail Presley's years of drug misuse. He was devastated by the book, and tried unsuccessfully to halt its publication by offering money to the publishers. By this point he suffered from glaucoma, hypertension, liver damage, and an enlarged colon, each magnified—and possibly caused—by drug abuse.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Graceland was opened to the public in 1982. Attracting over half a million visitors annually, it became the second most-visited home in the United States, after the White House. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2006.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Presley has been inducted into five music halls of fame: the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1986), the Country Music Hall of Fame (1998), the Gospel Music Hall of Fame (2001), the Rockabilly Hall of Fame (2007), and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame (2012). In 1984, he received the W. C. Handy Award from the Blues Foundation and the Academy of Country Music's first Golden Hat Award. In 1987, he received the American Music Awards' Award of Merit.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: A Junkie XL remix of Presley's "A Little Less Conversation" (credited as "Elvis Vs JXL") was used in a Nike advertising campaign during the 2002 FIFA World Cup. It topped the charts in over 20 countries and was included in a compilation of Presley's number-one hits, "ELV1S", which was also an international success. The album returned Presley to the "Billboard" summit for the first time in almost three decades.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: In 2018, RCA/Legacy released "Elvis Presley – Where No One Stands Alone", a new album focused on Elvis's love of gospel music. Produced by Joel Weinshanker, Lisa Marie Presley and Andy Childs, the album introduced newly recorded instrumentation along with vocals from singers who had performed in the past with Elvis. It also included a reimagined duet with Lisa Marie, on the album's title track.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: In 2022, Baz Luhrmann's film "Elvis", a musical biographical film about Elvis' life, was released to theaters. Presley is played by Austin Butler and Colonel Tom Parker by Tom Hanks.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: The horse named Palomino Rising Sun was Elvis' favorite horse, and there are many photographs of him riding him.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: In this regard, Little Richard said of Presley, "He was an integrator. Elvis was a blessing. They wouldn't let black music through. He opened the door for black music." Al Green agreed: "He broke the ice for all of us."

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: For much of his adult life, Presley, with his rise from poverty to riches and massive fame, had seemed to epitomize the American Dream. In his final years—and even more so after his death, and the revelations about its circumstances—he became a symbol of excess and gluttony. Increasing attention, for instance, was paid to his appetite for the rich, heavy Southern cooking of his upbringing, foods such as chicken-fried steak and biscuits and gravy.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: In particular, his love of calorie-laden fried peanut butter, banana, and (sometimes) bacon sandwiches, now known as "Elvis sandwiches", came to stand for this aspect of his persona. But the Elvis sandwich represents more than just unhealthy overindulgence—as media and culture scholar Robert Thompson describes, the unsophisticated treat also signifies Presley's enduring all-American appeal: "He wasn't only the king, he was one of us."

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Presley remains the best-selling solo music artist according to "Guinness World Records", with sales estimated by various sources up to 500 million – 1 billion.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: In 2012, the spider "Paradonea presleyi" was named in his honor. In 2018, President Donald Trump awarded Presley the Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Elvis Presley

Context: Presley worked with many bands and studio musicians over the course of his career. The following is a list and timeline of the most prominent musicians that worked with Presley during his lifetime.

Question: 엘비스 프레슬리는 2019년까지 몇 곡을 작곡했는가?


Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876

Context: The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 (also known as the Japan-Korea Treaty of Amity in Japan and the Treaty of Ganghwa Island in Korea) was made between representatives of the Empire of Japan and the Korean Kingdom of Joseon in 1876. Negotiations were concluded on February 26, 1876.

Question: 서양 열강들은 왜 조선에 문호를 열라고 요구하였는가?


Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876

Context: In January 1864, King Cheoljong died without an heir and Gojong ascended the throne at the age of 12. However, King Gojong was too young and the new king's father, Yi Ha-ŭng, became the Daewongun or lord of the great court, and ruled Korea in his son's name. Originally the term Daewongun referred to any person who was not actually the king but whose son took the throne. The Daewongun initiated reforms to strengthen the monarchy at the expense of the "yangban" class.

Question: 서양 열강들은 왜 조선에 문호를 열라고 요구하였는가?


Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876

Context: News of the incident only reached the Japanese government eight days later on September 28, and the following day the government decided to dispatch warships to Pusan to protect Japanese residents there. There were also debates within the government to whether or not to send a mission to Korea to settle the incident.

Question: 서양 열강들은 왜 조선에 문호를 열라고 요구하였는가?


Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876

Context: Japan employed gunboat diplomacy to press Korea to sign this unequal treaty. The pact opened up Korea, as Commodore Matthew Perry's fleet of Black Ships had opened up Japan in 1853. According to the treaty, it ended Joseon's status as a tributary state of the Qing dynasty and opened three ports to Japanese trade. The Treaty also granted the Japanese people many of the same rights in Korea that Westerners enjoyed in Japan, such as extraterritoriality.

Question: 서양 열강들은 왜 조선에 문호를 열라고 요구하였는가?


Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876

Context: The chief treaty negotiators were Kuroda Kiyotaka, Director of the Hokkaidō Colonization Office, and Shin Heon, General/Minister of Joseon-dynasty Korea.

Question: 서양 열강들은 왜 조선에 문호를 열라고 요구하였는가?


Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876

Context: The following year saw a Japanese fleet led by Special Envoy Kuroda Kiyotaka coming over to Joseon, demanding an apology from the Korean government and a commercial treaty between the two nations. The Korean government decided to accept the demand, in hope of importing some technologies to defend the country from any future invasions.

Question: 서양 열강들은 왜 조선에 문호를 열라고 요구하였는가?


Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876

Context: However, the treaty would eventually turn out to be the first of many unequal treaties signed by Korea; It gave extraterritorial rights to Japanese citizens in Korea, and forced the Korean government to open 3 ports to Japan, specifically Busan, Incheon and Wonsan. With the signing of its first unequal treaty, Korea became vulnerable to the influence of imperialistic powers; and later the treaty led Korea to be annexed by Japan.

Question: 서양 열강들은 왜 조선에 문호를 열라고 요구하였는가?


Third-oldest university in England debate

Context: Following the establishment of Oxford University (by 1167) and Cambridge University (1209), a third university was founded in Northampton in 1261, building on an earlier "studium". However, Henry III abolished it on 1 February 1265 following the siege of Northampton in 1264, and to protect the interests of Oxford.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: This was followed by an attempt by rebels from Brasenose College, Oxford to establish a university at Stamford, Lincolnshire in 1333, but, after lobbying from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the king ordered the rebels to return to Oxford.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: After the suppression of the university at Stamford, graduates from Oxford and Cambridge universities were required to swear oaths not to lecture outside those two universities, and concerted efforts were made by those universities against the foundation of any further universities in England for the next five centuries, during which time five universities opened in Scotland and over 100 on the continent of Europe.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Judging a university's "foundation" as occurring at the earliest point to which teaching can be traced, the establishment of predecessor institutions, the institution's foundation by Act of Parliament, royal charter or otherwise, its incorporation, or its date of formal recognition as a university all produce different results.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: By date of earliest royal charter, King's College London is the oldest of the four institutions, chartered in 1829. However, its charter was as a college rather than as a university; the first institute to be chartered as a university was the University of London in 1836.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Neither Oxford nor Cambridge, the oldest two universities in England (founded pre-1116 and in 1209 respectively) were founded by Act of Parliament or royal charter (charters were bestowed on Oxford and Cambridge in 1248 and 1231 respectively, although neither is still in force), and both owe their incorporation to an act of parliament in 1571. No university in Britain was founded by grant of a royal charter to the institution prior to London in 1836.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Modern dictionaries use multiple factors to define "university". The OED goes for "A high-level education institution in which students study for degrees and academic research is done" while Collins Dictionary uses "An institution of higher education having authority to award bachelors' and higher degrees, usually having research facilities".

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Both of these have three components: education, degrees and research, but the balance between them is different. Collins makes research usual, rather than necessary, while the OED only requires students to study for degrees, but does not require that the institution has the power to award degrees itself.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Other 19th-century dictionaries build on this. One (from 1824) has "a collection of colleges, where all the liberal arts are taught". This adds to Johnson's definition the idea that a university must consist of colleges. Again, this was used to attack UCL, but was shown to be false by reference to the Scottish universities. By this definition Durham (which was collegiate, but initially, like Dublin, consisted of only one college) would be the third oldest university.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The only judgment in English law, on the defining criteria of a university, is the decision of Mr Justice Vaisey in "St David's College, Lampeter v Ministry of Education" (1951) in the Chancery Division. The judgement gives six "essential qualities" that a university should possess, namely that it must:

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: St David's College possessed most of these, but it did not qualify because of "limited [degree-awarding] powers...and the absence of an express intention [to make] it a university by the sovereign power".

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: From the Vaisey principles, assuming them all to be applicable, the ordering of when the "prime contenders" below (see discussion there for references) achieved university status is:

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Besides the question of defining a university, there is the question of what is meant by "third oldest university". The above listing assumes that it means the third institution to achieve university status, but if "third oldest university" means the third oldest institute to have eventually achieved university status (as defined above), then date of foundation is all that is being assessed and the list looks very different:

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: By selectively choosing the meaning of the question and the factors used to assess university status, many different orderings can be produced.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The first criterion, incorporation, does not apply to all modern universities, some of which are unincorporated trusts under Church of England dioceses, and others are parts of larger, for-profit, corporations. "Sovereign power" might also be seen to exclude any modern university that gained its title through the Companies House route.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: It could be similarly argued that it did not apply in the early 19th century, when the University of Edinburgh (which was indisputably recognised as a university) was a trust under the town corporation. This is important for the debate as neither UCL not Durham were founded as corporations.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: If trusts under corporations fall within the definition, then Durham (as a trust under Durham Cathedral established by Act of Parliament) qualifies from 1832, otherwise only from 1837. UCL was not founded by "sovereign power", but as an unincorporated joint stock company, similar to the modern Companies House route.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The next three criteria are taken from Hastings Rashdall's definition of mediaeval "studium generale". UCL, King's and Durham meet these from early on, Durham specialising in theology and the London colleges in medicine, but London did not have a teaching rule until it became a federal university in 1900.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The sixth criterion, degree awarding powers, was the subject of debate at the time, as discussed below under Durham. One side held that degree awarding powers were essential to a university,

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: and thus a grant of university title automatically implied degree awarding powers (as proposed by Tooke and Wetherell amongst others). The other, alternatively, believed that degree awarding powers were separate from, and hence not essential to, university title, and had to be explicitly granted (e.g. by royal charter), as held by Hamilton (and, to judge from his statement in the House of Lords, by Van Mildert).

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Hamilton claimed that ""University", in its proper and original meaning, denotes simply "the whole members of a body" (generally, incorporated body,) "of persons teaching and learning one or more departments of knowledge"; and not an institution privileged to teach a determinate circle of sciences, and to grant certificates of proficiency (degrees) in any fixed and certain department of that circle (faculties)" (emphasis in original), by which definition UCL would clearly be the third oldest.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The first objection to UCL's claim is that it was never granted university status. Possibly due to this, UCL does not feature in 19th-century lists of universities in England.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: King's College London was established by royal charter on 14 August 1829 as "King's College, London", a reaction to UCL with the aim of providing an Anglican education. It was chartered as a college, not a university; the term "university" does not appear in the charter.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The college opened its doors to students in 1831. Students at King's either left for degrees at Oxford and Cambridge, gained medical qualifications through the Royal Colleges, or (from 1834) took the Associate of King's College (first awarded 1835); the college did not award degrees of its own.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Following the establishment of the University of London in 1836, King's became an associated college of that university, allowing its students to sit examinations for London degrees. However, students were still encouraged to take the AKC rather than the London degree – which was also open to "godless" UCL students. It also made agreements with Durham and Edinburgh to allow King's College London students to take degrees at those universities with only one year of residence.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The critical questions for King's College London are whether it gained "de facto" university status from its foundation and has managed to keep this status since, despite the objections above, and whether, if it has, UCL attained "de facto" university status before King's College (see discussion above). If both of these are answered in King's College's favour, then it is the third oldest university in England.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The first objection to Durham's claim is that it did not receive a royal charter to make it a university until 1837. The question here is whether the royal charter or the 1832 act of parliament (possibly combined with the 1834 act of chapter) gave Durham university status. (Whether Durham became a university in 1832 or 1834 does not affect the third oldest university in England debate.)

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The reason behind this can be seen in the debate in the mid-1830s on the nature of universities and their degree awarding powers. One side held that university status and degree awarding powers were inseparable, so that the creation of a university contained implicitly a grant of degree awarding powers. Adherents to this view included William Tooke, who led the parliamentary campaign for the recognition of UCL as the University of London, and Sir Charles Wetherell, who

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: What is important for the debate, however, is that the view that Durham did not gain degree awarding powers via recognition as a university relies on degree awarding powers not being essential to being a university. This point of view also strongly supports the claims of University College London and King's College London, although if formal recognition as a university is considered essential Durham could still prevail.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The second critical question is whether either University College London or King's College London should be considered "de facto" universities prior to this, despite the objections given in their discussions. If neither of them qualifies, and if the first question established Durham as the third oldest "de jure" university, then Durham is the third oldest university in England.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: For London, the critical question is whether any of the prior claims of UCL, King's College London and Durham are true. If these claims are not considered valid, then London is the third oldest university in England unless it is shown that it was, for some reason (see discussion above), not a university prior to Durham's royal charter being granted on 1 June 1837, after which Durham's status is not disputed.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Many present-day institutions incorporate earlier foundations, such as theological colleges or medical schools, or are able to trace their origins to earlier teaching operations, and thus may be considered to have a longer heritage than those listed above. None of these make an explicit claim to have been a university at the time of the earlier teaching, or is publicly claimed to be the third oldest university in England, which is why these are listed separately from the four institutions above.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: In the same vein, the medical school of King's College London — Guy's, King's and St Thomas' (GKT) School of Medical Education — incorporates St Thomas's Hospital Medical School, which traces its history back to the first recorded teaching in St Thomas' Hospital in 1561, and is regarded as one of the oldest medical schools. The hospital itself was founded in 1173 and traces its roots to the establishment of St Mary Overie Priory in 1106.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Of the redbrick universities and University of London institutes, arguments are made for their previous foundations as having descended from or incorporated other bodies; mainly descending from Mechanics' Institutes or medical schools formed in the early 19th century.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: The University of Birmingham has traced formal medical lectures to 1767 through the Birmingham Workhouse Infirmary, a precursor to Birmingham Medical School which was founded in 1825 and received a royal charter as Queen's College, Birmingham, in 1843.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


Context: Gresham College, a higher education institute founded in London in 1597 was the first home of the Royal Society (who received their royal charter in 1662). The college was also mentioned in Buck's "Third Universitie of England" alongside the Inns of Court.

Question: 영국에서 가장 오래된 대학은 무엇인가?


List of Korean surnames

Context: This is a list of Korean surnames, in Hangul alphabetical order. Note: (S) denotes South Korea. (N) denotes North Korea.

Question: 한국에서 가장 많은 성씨는 무엇인가?


Charles I of England

Context: The second son of King James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark, Charles was born in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, on 19 November 1600. At a Protestant ceremony in the Chapel Royal of Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh on 23 December 1600, he was baptised by David Lindsay, Bishop of Ross, and created Duke of Albany, the traditional title of the second son of the King of Scotland, with the subsidiary titles of Marquess of Ormond, Earl of Ross and Lord Ardmannoch.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: James VI was the first cousin twice removed of Queen Elizabeth I of England, and when she died childless in March 1603, he became King of England as James I. Charles was a weak and sickly infant, and while his parents and older siblings left for England in April and early June that year, due to his fragile health, he remained in Scotland with his father's friend Lord Fyvie appointed as his guardian.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: In January 1605, Charles was created Duke of York, as is customary in the case of the English sovereign's second son, and made a Knight of the Bath. Thomas Murray, a presbyterian Scot, was appointed as a tutor. Charles learnt the usual subjects of classics, languages, mathematics and religion. In 1611, he was made a Knight of the Garter.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: By 1624, the increasingly ill James was finding it difficult to control Parliament. By the time of his death in March 1625, Charles and the Duke of Buckingham had already assumed "de facto" control of the kingdom.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: The military failure in the First Bishops' War caused a financial and diplomatic crisis for Charles that deepened when his efforts to raise funds from Spain while simultaneously continuing his support for his Palatine relatives led to the public humiliation of the Battle of the Downs, where the Dutch destroyed a Spanish bullion fleet off the coast of Kent in sight of the impotent English navy.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: By this stage Strafford, Lord Deputy of Ireland since 1632, had emerged as Charles's right-hand man and, together with Laud, pursued a policy of "Thorough" that aimed to make central royal authority more efficient and effective at the expense of local or anti-government interests. Although originally a critic of the king, Strafford defected to royal service in 1628, in part due to Buckingham's persuasion, and had since emerged, alongside Laud, as the most influential of Charles's ministers.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: Strafford had become the principal target of the Parliamentarians, particularly John Pym, and he went on trial for high treason on 22 March 1641. But the key allegation by Sir Henry Vane that Strafford had threatened to use the Irish army to subdue England was not corroborated, and on 10 April Pym's case collapsed. Pym and his allies immediately launched a bill of attainder, which simply declared Strafford guilty and pronounced the sentence of death.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: Charles had made important concessions in England, and temporarily improved his position in Scotland by securing the Scots' favour on a visit from August to November 1641 during which he conceded to the official establishment of presbyterianism. But after an attempted royalist coup in Scotland, known as "The Incident", Charles's credibility was significantly undermined.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: The botched arrest attempt was politically disastrous for Charles. No English sovereign had ever entered the House of Commons, and his unprecedented invasion of the chamber to arrest its members was considered a grave breach of parliamentary privilege. In one stroke Charles destroyed his supporters' efforts to portray him as a defence against innovation and disorder.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: Parliament quickly seized London, and Charles fled the capital for Hampton Court Palace on 10 January, moving two days later to Windsor Castle. After sending his wife and eldest daughter to safety abroad in February, he travelled northwards, hoping to seize the military arsenal at Hull. To his dismay, he was rebuffed by the town's Parliamentary governor, Sir John Hotham, who refused him entry in April, and Charles was forced to withdraw.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: In mid-1642, both sides began to arm. Charles raised an army using the medieval method of commission of array, and Parliament called for volunteers for its militia. The negotiations proved futile, and Charles raised the royal standard in Nottingham on 22 August 1642. By then, his forces controlled roughly the Midlands, Wales, the West Country and northern England. He set up his court at Oxford. Parliament controlled London, the south-east and East Anglia, as well as the English navy.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: From Carisbrooke, Charles continued to try to bargain with the various parties. In direct contrast to his previous conflict with the Scottish Kirk, on 26 December 1647 he signed a secret treaty with the Scots. Under the agreement, called the "Engagement", the Scots undertook to invade England on Charles's behalf and restore him to the throne on condition that presbyterianism be established in England for three years.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: The royalists rose in May 1648, igniting the Second Civil War, and as agreed with Charles, the Scots invaded England. Uprisings in Kent, Essex, and Cumberland, and a rebellion in South Wales, were put down by the New Model Army, and with the defeat of the Scots at the Battle of Preston in August 1648, the royalists lost any chance of winning the war.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: At the end of the third day, Charles was removed from the court, which then heard over 30 witnesses against him in his absence over the next two days, and on 26 January condemned him to death. The next day, the king was brought before a public session of the commission, declared guilty, and sentenced. Fifty-nine of the commissioners signed Charles's death warrant.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: At about 2:00 p.m., Charles put his head on the block after saying a prayer and signalled the executioner when he was ready by stretching out his hands; he was then beheaded in one clean stroke. According to observer Philip Henry, a moan "as I never heard before and desire I may never hear again" rose from the assembled crowd, some of whom then dipped their handkerchiefs in the king's blood as a memento.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: It was common practice for the severed head of a traitor to be held up and exhibited to the crowd with the words "Behold the head of a traitor!" Charles's head was exhibited, but those words were not used, possibly because the executioner did not want his voice recognised. On the day after the execution, the king's head was sewn back onto his body, which was then embalmed and placed in a lead coffin.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: The official style of Charles I as king in England was "Charles, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc." The style "of France" was only nominal, and was used by every English monarch from Edward III to George III, regardless of the amount of French territory actually controlled. The authors of his death warrant called him "Charles Stuart, King of England".

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Charles I of England

Context: Charles had nine children, two of whom eventually succeeded as king, and two of whom died at or shortly after birth.

Question: 찰스 1세의 매장지는 어디인가요?


Peter III of Russia

Context: Despite his generally poor reputation, Peter III made some progressive reforms during his short reign. He proclaimed religious freedom and encouraged education, sought to modernize the Russian army, abolished the secret police, which had been infamous for its extreme violence, and made it illegal for landowners to kill their serfs without going to court. Catherine reversed some of his reforms and carried through others, notably the annexation of church property.

Question: 황제 표트르 1세는 언제 황제로 즉위했나요?


Peter III of Russia

Context: Peter was born in Kiel, in the duchy of Holstein-Gottorp. His parents were Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (a nephew of Charles XII of Sweden), and Anna Petrovna (a daughter of Emperor Peter I and Empress Catherine I of Russia). His mother died shortly after his birth. In 1739, Peter's father died, and he became Duke of Holstein-Gottorp as Charles Peter Ulrich () at the age of 11.

Question: 황제 표트르 1세는 언제 황제로 즉위했나요?


Peter III of Russia

Context: The classical view of Peter's character is mainly drawn out of the memoirs of his wife and successor. She described him as an "idiot", "drunkard from Holstein" and "good-for-nothing"; this portrait of Peter can be found in most history books, including 1911 "Encyclopædia Britannica":

Question: 황제 표트르 1세는 언제 황제로 즉위했나요?


Peter III of Russia

Context: There have been many attempts to revise the traditional characterization of Peter and his policies. The Russian historian A. S. Mylnikov views Peter III very differently:

Question: 황제 표트르 1세는 언제 황제로 즉위했나요?


Peter III of Russia

Context: The German historian Elena Palmer goes even further, portraying Peter III as a cultured, open-minded emperor who tried to introduce various courageous, even democratic reforms in 18th-century Russia. A monument for Peter III stands in Kiel (North Germany), the city of his birth.

Question: 황제 표트르 1세는 언제 황제로 즉위했나요?


Peter III of Russia

Context: During his 186-day period of government, Peter III passed 220 new laws that he had developed and elaborated during his life as a crown prince. Elena Palmer claims that his reforms were of a democratic nature; he also proclaimed religious freedom.

Question: 황제 표트르 1세는 언제 황제로 즉위했나요?


Peter III of Russia

Context: Peter III's economic policy reflected the rising influence of Western capitalism and the merchant class or "Third Estate" that accompanied it. He established the first state bank in Russia, rejected the nobility's monopoly on trade and encouraged mercantilism by increasing grain exports and forbidding the import of sugar and other materials that could be found in Russia.

Question: 황제 표트르 1세는 언제 황제로 즉위했나요?


Peter III of Russia

Context: In December 1796, after succeeding Catherine, Peter's son, Emperor Paul I of Russia, who disliked his mother's behavior, arranged for Peter's remains to be exhumed and reburied with full honors in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, where other tsars (Russian emperors) were buried.

Question: 황제 표트르 1세는 언제 황제로 즉위했나요?


Ganggangsullae

Context: Korea's traditional society was a male-dominated society, and young women were not allowed to sing loudly or go out at night. But women were allowed to sing and dance by doing “ganggangsullae” at night and give vent to their frustration at Chuseok. Women could enjoy the atmosphere free from normal restrictions during the festival.

Question: 역사상 가장 큰 강강수월래는 무엇인가?


Ganggangsullae

Context: In the 16th century, during the Japanese invasion of Korea, Admiral Yi Sun-sin ordered women to do this dance in military uniform to intimidate the Japanese. The women were said to have dressed in military uniform and danced on Mount Okmae (옥매산). The Japanese scouts thus overestimated the strength of the Korean troops.

Question: 역사상 가장 큰 강강수월래는 무엇인가?


Ganggangsullae

Context: On February 15, 1966, ganggangsullae was designated as Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea #8.

Question: 역사상 가장 큰 강강수월래는 무엇인가?


Ganggangsullae

Context: When holding hands with each other, the back of the right hand should be above, and the palm of the left hand should be above. When walking, the heel should be on the ground first.

Question: 역사상 가장 큰 강강수월래는 무엇인가?


Ganggangsullae

Context: People doing 'running' have to run faster than 'walking'. They shouldn't open their legs very much, and they have to raise their knees while running.

Question: 역사상 가장 큰 강강수월래는 무엇인가?


Ganggangsullae

Context: Except the first two-person, they make a line to be ready to go through the gate. The first and second person makes the gate, and then the right next person who went through the gate makes the gate, while the person who made the gate returns to the line.

Question: 역사상 가장 큰 강강수월래는 무엇인가?


Ganggangsullae

Context: Except three people, they stand in a line lowering their heads. One person stands on their waist and starts to walk on them. The other two people holds her hands not to fall down.

Question: 역사상 가장 큰 강강수월래는 무엇인가?


History of Microsoft

Context: As of June 30, 2015, Microsoft has a global annual revenue of US$86.83 Billion and 128,076 employees worldwide. It develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices.

Question: 마이크로소프트의 창업주는 누구인가?


History of Microsoft

Context: Microsoft's early products were different variants of Microsoft BASIC which was the dominant programming language in late 1970s and early 1980s home computers such as Apple II (Applesoft BASIC) and Commodore 64 (Commodore BASIC), and were also provided with early versions of the IBM PC as the IBM Cassette BASIC.

Question: 마이크로소프트의 창업주는 누구인가?


History of Microsoft

Context: Microsoft also marketed through an Apple dealer in West Palm Beach, Florida two products for the Radio-Shack TRS-80. One was "Typing Tutor" which led the user through learning to use a keyboard. The other was authored by a professor at the University of Hawaii called "MuMATH" and had the ability to do mathematics in long integer math to avoid floating point numbers.

Question: 마이크로소프트의 창업주는 누구인가?


History of Microsoft

Context: Windows 95 was released without a web browser as Microsoft had not yet developed one. The success of the web caught them by surprise and they subsequently approached Spyglass to license their browser as Internet Explorer. Spyglass went on to later dispute the terms of the agreement, as Microsoft was to pay a royalty for every copy sold. However, Microsoft sold no copies of Internet Explorer, choosing instead to bundle it for free with the operating system.

Question: 마이크로소프트의 창업주는 누구인가?


History of Microsoft

Context: Internet Explorer was first included in the Windows 95 Plus! Pack that was released in August 1995. In September, the Chinese government chose Windows to be the operating system of choice in that country, and entered into an agreement with the company to standardize a Chinese version of the operating system. Microsoft also released the Microsoft Sidewinder 3D Pro joystick in an attempt to further expand its profile in the computer hardware market.

Question: 마이크로소프트의 창업주는 누구인가?


History of Microsoft

Context: In 2008, Microsoft wanted to purchase Yahoo (first completely, later partially) in order to strengthen its position on the search engine market vis-à-vis Google. The company rejected the offer, saying that it undervalued the company. In response, Microsoft withdrew its offer.

Question: 마이크로소프트의 창업주는 누구인가?


History of Microsoft

Context: On April 12, 2010, Microsoft launched their Kin phone line, a result of their acquisition of Danger Incorporated in 2008. The phones became available May 14, 2010, but were discontinued within two months because of poor sales.

Question: 마이크로소프트의 창업주는 누구인가?


Robert N. Bellah

Context: Robert Neelly Bellah (February 23, 1927 – July 30, 2013) was an American sociologist and the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was internationally known for his work related to the sociology of religion.

Question: 로버트 닐리 벨라의 자녀는 몇명인가요?


Robert N. Bellah

Context: Bellah graduated "summa cum laude" from Harvard College in 1950, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in social relations with a concentration in social anthropology. His undergraduate honors thesis won the Phi Beta Kappa Prize and was later published in 1952 with the title "Apache Kinship Systems".

Question: 로버트 닐리 벨라의 자녀는 몇명인가요?


Robert N. Bellah

Context: Bellah is best known for his 1985 book "Habits of the Heart", which discusses how religion contributes to and detracts from America's common good, and for his studies of religious and moral issues and their connection to society. Bellah was perhaps best known for his work related to American civil religion, a term which he coined in a 1967 article that has since gained widespread attention among scholars.

Question: 로버트 닐리 벨라의 자녀는 몇명인가요?


Robert N. Bellah

Context: Bellah was briefly a communist during his student years at Harvard, as he recalled in 1977 in a letter to the "New York Review of Books" regarding McCarthyism at the university:

Question: 로버트 닐리 벨라의 자녀는 몇명인가요?


Robert N. Bellah

Context: Harvard's capitulation to McCarthyism is still being defended as a form of resistance to McCarthyism. An account of my experiences will, I believe, support [Sigmund] Diamond's and not [McGeorge] Bundy's interpretation of those years.

Question: 로버트 닐리 벨라의 자녀는 몇명인가요?


Robert N. Bellah

Context: I was a member of the Communist Party as a Harvard undergraduate from 1947 to 1949. During that period I was mainly involved in the John Reed Club, a recognized student organization concerned with the study of Marxism. In that connection, I might recount an incident that indicates that a difference between a public policy and a privacy policy at Harvard such as Diamond has suggested may already have begun in 1949. According to [Seymour Martin] Lipset:

Question: 로버트 닐리 벨라의 자녀는 몇명인가요?


Robert N. Bellah

Context: In 1949, the John Reed Club sponsored a talk by a well-known Communist, Gerhart Eisler, who was on his way to a job in East Germany after having been convicted for contempt of Congress. When the University was attacked for allowing students to be corrupted, Wilbur Bender, then Dean of Harvard College, defended the students' right to hear, stating: "If Harvard students can be corrupted by an Eisler, Harvard College had better shut down as an educational institution ... [p. 182]"

Question: 로버트 닐리 벨라의 자녀는 몇명인가요?


Robert N. Bellah

Context: Bellah was fluent in Japanese and literate in Chinese, French, and German, and later studied Arabic at McGill University in Montreal.

Question: 로버트 닐리 벨라의 자녀는 몇명인가요?


Sex reassignment surgery (male-to-female)

Context: Male-to-female sex reassignment surgery involves reshaping the male genitals into a form with the appearance of, and as far as possible, the function of female genitalia. Before any surgery, patients usually undergo feminizing hormone therapy, though this is not a requirement. There are associated surgeries patients may elect to undergo, including vaginoplasty, facial hair removal, facial feminization surgery, breast augmentation and various other procedures.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: Christine Jorgensen was likely the most famous recipient of sex reassignment surgery, having her surgery done in Denmark in late 1952 and being outed right afterwards. She was a strong advocate for the rights of transgender people.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: French actress and singer Coccinelle travelled to Casablanca in 1958 to undergo a vaginoplasty by Georges Burou. She said later, "Dr Burou rectified the mistake nature had made and I became a real woman, on the inside as well as the outside. After the operation, the doctor just said, 'Bonjour, Mademoiselle', and I knew it had been a success."

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: Another famous person to undergo male-to-female sex reassignment surgery was Renée Richards. She transitioned and had surgery in the mid-1970s, and successfully advocated to have transgender people recognized in U.S sports.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: The first physician to perform sex reassignment surgery in the United States was Los Angeles-based urologist Dr. Elmer Belt, who quietly performed operations from the early 1950s until 1968. In 1966 Johns Hopkins University opened the first sex reassignment surgery clinic in America. The Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic was made up of two plastic surgeons, two psychiatrists, two psychologists, a gynecologist, a urologist, and a pediatrician.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: In 2017, for the first time, the United States Defense Health Agency approved payment for sex reassignment surgery for an active-duty U.S. military service member. The patient, an infantry soldier who identifies as a woman, had already begun a course of treatment for gender reassignment. The procedure, which the treating doctor deemed medically necessary, was performed on November 14 at a private hospital, since U.S. military hospitals lack the requisite surgical expertise.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: In extreme cases of shortage of skin, or when a vaginoplasty has failed, a vaginal lining can be created from skin grafts from the thighs or hips, or a section of colon may be grafted in (colovaginoplasty).

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: Surgeon's requirements, procedures, and recommendations vary enormously in the days before and after, and the months following these procedures.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: Since plastic surgery involves skin, it is never an exact procedure. Cosmetic refining to the outer vulva is sometimes required. Some surgeons prefer to do most of the crafting of the outer vulva as a second surgery, when other tissues, blood and nerve supplies have recovered from the first surgery. This relatively minor surgery, which is usually performed only under local anaesthetic, is called labiaplasty.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: The aesthetic, sensational, and functional results of vaginoplasty vary greatly. Surgeons vary considerably in their techniques and skills, patients' skin varies in elasticity and healing ability (which is affected by age, nutrition, physical activity and smoking), any previous surgery in the area can impact results, and surgery can be complicated by problems such as infections, blood loss, or nerve damage.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: Supporters of colovaginoplasty state that this method is better than use of skin grafts for the reason that colon is already mucosal, whereas skin is not. Lubrication is needed when having sex and occasional douching is advised so that bacteria do not start to grow and give off odors.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: Regular application of estrogen into the vagina, for which there are several standard products, may help, but this must be calculated into the total estrogen dose. Some surgeons have techniques to ensure continued depth, but extended periods without dilation will still often result in reduced diameter (vaginal stenosis) to some degree, which would require stretching again, either gradually, or, in extreme cases, under anaesthetic.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: With current procedures, trans women are unable to receive ovaries or a uterus. This means that they are unable to bear children or menstruate, and that they will need to remain on hormone therapy after surgery to maintain hormone levels.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: Occasionally these basic procedures are complemented further with feminizing cosmetic surgeries or procedures that modify bone or cartilage structures, typically in the jaw, brow, forehead, nose and cheek areas. These are known as facial feminization surgery or FFS.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: Some MTF individuals may elect to have voice surgery, which alters an individual's vocal range or pitch. However, this procedure carries a risk of impairing a trans woman's voice forever. Since estrogen alone does not alter a person's vocal range or pitch, some people take the risk that comes along with voice feminization surgery. Other options, like voice feminization lessons, are available to people wishing to speak with less masculine mannerisms.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Context: A tracheal shave procedure is also sometimes used to reduce the cartilage in the area of the throat and minimize the appearance of the Adam's apple in order to assimilate to female physical features.

Question: 처음으로 성전환수술을 받은 사람은 누구인가?


Harold Lasswell

Context: He has been described as a "one-man university" whose "competence in, and contributions to, anthropology, communications, economics, law, philosophy, psychology, psychiatry and sociology are enough to make him a political scientist in the model of classical Greece."

Question: 헤럴드 라스웰이 졸업한 대학교는 어디인가요?


Harold Lasswell

Context: According to a biographical memorial written by Gabriel Almond at the time of Lasswell's death and published by the National Academies of Sciences in 1987, Lasswell "ranked among the half dozen creative innovators in the social sciences in the twentieth century." At the time, Almond asserted that "few would question that he was the most original and productive political scientist of his time."

Question: 헤럴드 라스웰이 졸업한 대학교는 어디인가요?


Harold Lasswell

Context: Areas of research in which Lasswell worked included the importance of personality, social structure, and culture in the explanation of political phenomena. Lasswell was associated with the disciplines of communication, political science, psychology, and sociology – however he did not adhere to the distinction between these boundaries but erased the lines drawn to divide these disciplines.

Question: 헤럴드 라스웰이 졸업한 대학교는 어디인가요?


Harold Lasswell

Context: Lasswell is well known for his model of communication, which focuses on "Who (says) What (to) Whom (in) What Channel (with) What Effect".

Question: 헤럴드 라스웰이 졸업한 대학교는 어디인가요?


Harold Lasswell

Context: He is also known for his book on aberrant psychological attributes of leaders in politics and business, "Psychopathology and Politics", as well as for another book on politics, "Politics: Who Gets What, When, and How".

Question: 헤럴드 라스웰이 졸업한 대학교는 어디인가요?


Harold Lasswell

Context: Lasswell introduced the concept of a "garrison state" in a highly influential and often cited 1941 article originally published in the "American Journal of Sociology". It was a "developmental construct" that outlined the possibility of a political-military elite composed of "specialists in violence" in a modern state.

Question: 헤럴드 라스웰이 졸업한 대학교는 어디인가요?


Harold Lasswell

Context: In his presidential address to the American Political Science Association, he raised the famous question, demanded by the expulsion of essences from the sciences, of whether or not we should give human rights to robots.

Question: 헤럴드 라스웰이 졸업한 대학교는 어디인가요?


Harold Lasswell

Context: Content analysis is the “investigation of communication messages by categorizing message content into classifications in order to measure certain variables”

Question: 헤럴드 라스웰이 졸업한 대학교는 어디인가요?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: The Japanese multinational consumer electronics company Nintendo has developed seven home video game consoles and multiple portable consoles for use with external media, as well as dedicated consoles and other hardware for their consoles. , in addition to Nintendo Switch, Nintendo has sold over 863.07 million hardware units.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: Color TV-Game is a series of five dedicated home consoles released only in Japan. Each of the consoles contained a small number of games and a built-in controller. In total, approximately 3 million units were sold.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: Nintendo released a software-emulation-based version of the Nintendo Entertainment System on November 10, 2016. Called the "NES Classic Edition", it is a dedicated console that comes with a single controller and 30 preloaded games.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: Released November 21, 1990, The Super Nintendo Entertainment System, officially abbreviated the Super NES or SNES and colloquially shortened to Super Nintendo, is a 16-bit video game console released by Nintendo in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa. In Japan it is known as the Super Famicom. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: Similarly to the NES Classic Edition released prior, Nintendo released a software-emulation-based version of the Super Nintendo Entertainment System on September 29, 2017. Called the "Super NES Classic Edition", it, like its predecessor, is a dedicated console that comes with two controllers and 21 preloaded games, one of which, "Star Fox 2", is a title originally developed for the system that went unreleased.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: The Wii was released on November 19, 2006 as Nintendo's seventh-generation home console. Nintendo designed the console to appeal towards a wider audience than those of its main competitors, the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, including "casual" players and audiences that were new to video games.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: In January 2017, a Nintendo spokesperson stated that production of the console had ended, with just 13.56 million units sold worldwide.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: The console's reveal trailer premiered on October 20, 2016 and showcased the hybrid functionality of the system as well as footage from "" and from potential new titles in the "Super Mario", "Mario Kart", and "Splatoon" franchises. These unknown games were later announced to be "Super Mario Odyssey", "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe", and "Splatoon 2" respectively.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: The Nintendo Switch has currently sold 103.54 million units as of February 3, 2022, outselling the Wii, Wii U, GameCube, Nintendo 64, SNES, NES and 3DS within its first five years of launch, making it the best-selling home console from Nintendo and third best-selling home console of all time.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: A second variation, the Nintendo Switch – OLED Model, was released in 2021, which makes several adjustments and improvements over the original, including an improved kickstand, a larger OLED screen, and longer battery life.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: The Game & Watch series sold units worldwide, including units in Japan and overseas. On September 3, 2020, Nintendo announced a special Game & Watch edition to celebrate Super Mario Bros.' 35th anniversary, with it being released on November 13, 2020. Another special Game & Watch edition was released to celebrate The Legend of Zelda's 35th anniversary, which was released in November 12, 2021.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: In 1998, Nintendo introduced the Game Boy Color as the successor to the original Game Boy. It features a color screen and an 8-bit processor and a custom Zilog Z80 central processing unit. It was made to compete with the WonderSwan Color and the Neo Geo Pocket. Its best selling game was "Pokémon Gold" and "Silver" series.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: As of December 31, 2013, Nintendo DS consoles have sold 154.98 million units, including 93.86 million Nintendo DS Lites, and the Nintendo DSi consoles have sold 41.33 million units.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: Although the name and look of the device are similar to that of the DS series, the Nintendo 3DS (3DS or N3DS for short) is the successor to the DS and is a brand new console. The Nintendo 3DS was released on February 26, 2011.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: As of December 31, 2013, Nintendo has sold 42.74 million units, including 15.21 million Nintendo 3DS XLs and 2.11 million Nintendo 2DS units.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: The last handheld console in the 3DS family was the New Nintendo 2DS XL, which was released in June/July 2017 across five different countries. Production ceased on all Nintendo 3DS family systems on September 16, 2020.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Nintendo video game consoles

Context: The Nintendo Switch Lite is a more affordable version of the Nintendo Switch released by Nintendo on September 20, 2019. The Switch Lite console is similar to a regular Nintendo Switch and can play almost all standard Switch games, but is a handheld portable-only version and is also slightly smaller. It comes in five colors variations: grey, turquoise, coral, yellow and blue, as well as some special editions.

Question: 닌텐도는 언제 처음 출시 되었는가?


Birth defect

Context: Birth defects may result from genetic or chromosomal disorders, exposure to certain medications or chemicals, or certain infections during pregnancy. Risk factors include folate deficiency, drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes, and a mother over the age of 35 years old. Many are believed to involve multiple factors. Birth defects may be visible at birth or diagnosed by screening tests. A number of defects can be detected before birth by different prenatal tests.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Much of the language used for describing congenital conditions antedates genome mapping, and structural conditions are often considered separately from other congenital conditions. Many metabolic conditions are now known to have subtle structural expression, and structural conditions often have genetic links. Still, congenital conditions are often classified on a structural basis, organized when possible by primary organ system affected.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Several terms are used to describe congenital abnormalities. (Some of these are also used to describe noncongenital conditions, and more than one term may apply in an individual condition.)

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: A limb anomaly is called a dysmelia. These include all forms of limbs anomalies, such as amelia, ectrodactyly, phocomelia, polymelia, polydactyly, syndactyly, polysyndactyly, oligodactyly, brachydactyly, achondroplasia, congenital aplasia or hypoplasia, amniotic band syndrome, and cleidocranial dysostosis.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Congenital heart defects include patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and tetralogy of Fallot.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Congenital anomalies of the nervous system include neural tube defects such as spina bifida, encephalocele, and anencephaly. Other congenital anomalies of the nervous system include the Arnold–Chiari malformation, the Dandy–Walker malformation, hydrocephalus, microencephaly, megalencephaly, lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, holoprosencephaly, and agenesis of the corpus callosum.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal system include numerous forms of stenosis and atresia, and perforation, such as gastroschisis.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract include renal parenchyma, kidneys, and urinary collecting system.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: A congenital metabolic disease is also referred to as an inborn error of metabolism. Most of these are single-gene defects, usually heritable. Many affect the structure of body parts, but some simply affect the function.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Other well-defined genetic conditions may affect the production of hormones, receptors, structural proteins, and ion channels.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: The mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can cause a continuum of various permanent birth defects: craniofacial abnormalities, brain damage, intellectual disability, heart disease, kidney abnormality, skeletal anomalies, ocular abnormalities.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Substances whose toxicity can cause congenital disorders are called teratogens, and include certain pharmaceutical and recreational drugs in pregnancy, as well as many environmental toxins in pregnancy.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: A review published in 2010 identified six main teratogenic mechanisms associated with medication use: folate antagonism, neural crest cell disruption, endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, vascular disruption, and specific receptor- or enzyme-mediated teratogenesis.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: The United States Environmental Protection Agency studied 1,065 chemical and drug substances in their ToxCast program (part of the CompTox Chemicals Dashboard) using "in silico" modeling and a human pluripotent stem cell-based assay to predict in vivo developmental intoxicants based on changes in cellular metabolism following chemical exposure. Findings of the study published in 2020 were that 19% of the 1065 chemicals yielded a prediction of developmental toxicity.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Tetracycline, an antibiotic, should never be prescribed to women of reproductive age or to children, because of its negative impact on bone mineralization and teeth mineralization. The "tetracycline teeth" have brown or grey colour as a result of a defective development of both the dentine and the enamel of teeth.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: All cytostatics are strong teratogens; abortion is usually recommended when pregnancy is discovered during or before chemotherapy. Aminopterin, a cytostatic drug with antifolate effect, was used during the 1950s and 1960s to induce therapeutic abortions. In some cases, the abortion did not happen, but the newborns had a fetal aminopterin syndrome consisting of growth retardation, craniosynostosis, hydrocephalus, facial dismorphities, intellectual disability, or leg deformities

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Drinking water is often a medium through which harmful toxins travel. Heavy metals, elements, nitrates, nitrites, and fluoride can be carried through water and cause congenital disorders.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Nitrate, which is found mostly in drinking water from ground sources, is a powerful teratogen. A case-control study in rural Australia that was conducted following frequent reports of prenatal mortality and congenital malformations found that those who drank the nitrate-containing groundwater, as opposed to rain water, ran the risk of giving birth to children with central nervous system disorders, muscoskeletal defects, and cardiac defects.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: As an endocrine disruptor, DDT was shown to induce miscarriages, interfere with the development of the female reproductive system, cause the congenital hypothyroidism, and suspectably childhood obesity.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Paternal smoking prior to conception has been linked with the increased risk of congenital abnormalities in offspring.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Correlations between paternal smoking and the increased risk of offspring developing childhood cancers (including acute leukemia, brain tumors, and lymphoma) before age five have been established. Little is currently known about how paternal smoking damages the fetus, and what window of time in which the father smokes is most harmful to offspring.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or in rare cases, parasites transmitted directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: For example, a lack of folic acid, a B vitamin, in the diet of a mother can cause cellular neural tube deformities that result in spina bifida. Congenital disorders such as a neural tube deformity can be prevented by 72% if the mother consumes 4 mg of folic acid before the conception and after twelve weeks of pregnancy. Folic acid, or vitamin B9, aids the development of the foetal nervous system.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Studies with mice have found that food deprivation of the male mouse prior to conception leads to the offspring displaying significantly lower blood glucose levels.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: External physical shocks or constraints due to growth in a restricted space may result in unintended deformation or separation of cellular structures resulting in an abnormal final shape or damaged structures unable to function as expected. An example is Potter syndrome due to oligohydramnios. This finding is important for future understanding of how genetics may predispose individuals for diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Genetic causes of birth defects include inheritance of abnormal genes from the mother or the father, as well as new mutations in one of the germ cells that gave rise to the fetus. Male germ cells mutate at a much faster rate than female germ cells, and as the father ages, the DNA of the germ cells mutates quickly. If an egg is fertilized with sperm that has damaged DNA, a possibility exists that the fetus could develop abnormally.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: For the survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, who are known as the "Hibakusha", no statistically demonstrable increase of birth defects/congenital malformations was found among their later conceived children, or found in the later conceived children of cancer survivors who had previously received radiotherapy.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: The surviving women of Hiroshima and Nagasaki who were able to conceive, though exposed to substantial amounts of radiation, later had children with no higher incidence of abnormalities/birth defects than in the Japanese population as a whole.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Certain birth complications can occur more often in advanced maternal age (greater than 35 years). Complications include fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, placental abruption, pre-mature births, and stillbirth. These complications not only may put the child at risk, but also the mother.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: The effects of the father's age on offspring are not yet well understood and are studied far less extensively than the effects of the mother's age. Fathers contribute proportionally more DNA mutations to their offspring via their germ cells than the mother, with the paternal age governing how many mutations are passed on. This is because, as humans age, male germ cells acquire mutations at a much faster rate than female germ cells.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Research has found that there is a correlation between advanced paternal age and risk of birth defects such as limb anomalies, syndromes involving multiple systems, and Down syndrome. Recent studies have concluded that 5-9% of Down syndrome cases are due to paternal effects, but these findings are controversial.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: There is concrete evidence that advanced paternal age is associated with the increased likelihood that a mother will have a miscarriage or that fetal death will occur.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Folate supplements decrease the risk of neural tube defects. Tentative evidence supports the role of L-arginine in decreasing the risk of intrauterine growth restriction.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Tandem mass spectroscopy can also be used for IEM, and investigation of sudden infant death, and shaken baby syndrome.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Screening can also be carried out prenatally and can include obstetric ultrasonography to give scans such as the nuchal scan. 3D ultrasound scans can give detailed information of structural anomalies.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Congenital anomalies resulted in about 632,000 deaths per year in 2013 down from 751,000 in 1990. The types with the greatest death are congenital heart defects (323,000), followed by neural tube defects (69,000).

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: Physical congenital abnormalities are the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, accounting for more than 20% of all infant deaths. Seven to ten percent of all children will require extensive medical care to diagnose or treat a birth defect.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: P. M. Rajewski and A. L. Sherman (1976) have analyzed the frequency of congenital anomalies in relation to the system of the organism. Prevalence of men was recorded for the anomalies of phylogenetically younger organs and systems.

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Birth defect

Context: The CDC and National Birth Defect Project studied the incidence of birth defects in the US. Key findings include:

Question: 선천성 기형은 신생아의 몇 퍼센트인가요?


Persian language

Context: Modern Persian is a continuation of Middle Persian, an official language of the Sasanian Empire (224–651 CE), itself a continuation of Old Persian, which was used in the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BCE). It originated in the region of Fars (Persia) in southwestern Iran. Its grammar is similar to that of many European languages.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: There are approximately 110 million Persian speakers worldwide, including Persians, Lurs, Tajiks, Hazaras, Iranian Azeris, Iranian Kurds, Iranian Baloch, Caucasian Tats and Aimaqs. The term "Persophone" might also be used to refer to a speaker of Persian.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision. The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian languages, of which Kurdish and Balochi are the most widely spoken.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The term "Persian" is an English derivation of Latin , the adjectival form of , itself deriving from Greek (), a Hellenized form of Old Persian (), which means "Persia" (a region in southwestern Iran, corresponding to modern-day Fars). According to the "Oxford English Dictionary", the term "Persian" as a language name is first attested in English in the mid-16th century.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Etymologically, the Persian term derives from its earlier form ( in Middle Persian), which in turn comes from the same root as the English term "Persian". In the same process, the Middle Persian toponym ("Persia") evolved into the modern name Fars. The phonemic shift from to is due to the influence of Arabic in the Middle Ages, and is because of the lack of the phoneme in Standard Arabic.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The standard Persian of Iran has been called, apart from "Persian" and "Farsi", by names such as "Iranian Persian" and "Western Persian", exclusively. Officially, the official language of Iran is designated simply as "Persian" (, ).

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The standard Persian of Afghanistan has been officially named "Dari" (, ) since 1958. Also referred to as "Afghan Persian" in English, it is one of Afghanistan's two official languages, together with Pashto. The term "Dari", meaning "of the court", originally referred to the variety of Persian used in the court of the Sasanian Empire in capital Ctesiphon, which was spread to the northeast of the empire and gradually replaced the former Iranian dialects of Parthia (Parthian).

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Tajik Persian (, ), the standard Persian of Tajikistan, has been officially designated as "Tajik" (, ) since the time of the Soviet Union. It is the name given to the varieties of Persian spoken in Central Asia in general.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The international language-encoding standard ISO 639-1 uses the code codice_1 for the Persian language, as its coding system is mostly based on the native-language designations. The more detailed standard ISO 639-3 uses the code codice_2 for the dialects spoken across Iran and Afghanistan. This consists of the individual languages Dari (codice_3) and Iranian Persian (codice_4). It uses codice_5 for Tajik, separately.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: In general, the Iranian languages are known from three periods: namely Old, Middle, and New (Modern). These correspond to three historical eras of Iranian history; Old era being sometime around the Achaemenid Empire (i.e., 400–300 BC), Middle era being the next period most officially around the Sasanian Empire, and New era being the period afterwards down to present day.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: As a written language, Old Persian is attested in royal Achaemenid inscriptions. The oldest known text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscription, dating to the time of King Darius I (reigned 522–486 BC). Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran, Romania (Gherla), Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt. Old Persian is one of the oldest Indo-European languages which is attested in original texts.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Related to Old Persian, but from a different branch of the Iranian language family, was Avestan, the language of the Zoroastrian liturgical texts.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The complex grammatical conjugation and declension of Old Persian yielded to the structure of Middle Persian in which the dual number disappeared, leaving only singular and plural, as did gender. Middle Persian developed the ezāfe construction, expressed through "ī" (modern "ye"), to indicate some of the relations between words that have been lost with the simplification of the earlier grammatical system.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Early New Persian remains largely intelligible to speakers of Contemporary Persian, as the morphology and, to a lesser extent, the lexicon of the language have remained relatively stable.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The transition to New Persian was already complete by the era of the three princely dynasties of Iranian origin, the Tahirid dynasty (820–872), Saffarid dynasty (860–903) and Samanid Empire (874–999). Abbas of Merv is mentioned as being the earliest minstrel to chant verse in the New Persian tongue and after him the poems of Hanzala Badghisi were among the most famous between the Persian-speakers of the time.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The first poems of the Persian language, a language historically called Dari, emerged in present-day Afghanistan. The first significant Persian poet was Rudaki. He flourished in the 10th century, when the Samanids were at the height of their power. His reputation as a court poet and as an accomplished musician and singer has survived, although little of his poetry has been preserved. Among his lost works are versified fables collected in the "Kalila wa Dimna".

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: "Classical Persian" loosely refers to the standardized language of medieval Persia used in literature and poetry.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: This is the language of the 10th to 12th centuries, which continued to be used as literary language and lingua franca under the "Persianized" Turko-Mongol dynasties during the 12th to 15th centuries, and under restored Persian rule during the 16th to 19th centuries.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Persian during this time served as lingua franca of Greater Persia and of much of the Indian subcontinent.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: It was also the official and cultural language of many Islamic dynasties, including the Samanids, Buyids, Tahirids, Ziyarids, the Mughal Empire, Timurids, Ghaznavids, Karakhanids, Seljuqs, Khwarazmians, the Sultanate of Rum, Turkmen beyliks of Anatolia, Delhi Sultanate, the Shirvanshahs, Safavids, Afsharids, Zands, Qajars, Khanate of Bukhara, Khanate of Kokand, Emirate of Bukhara, Khanate of Khiva, Ottomans and also many Mughal successors such as the Nizam of Hyderabad.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Persian was the only non-European language known and used by Marco Polo at the Court of Kublai Khan and in his journeys through China.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: In the 19th century, under the Qajar dynasty, the dialect that is spoken in Tehran rose to prominence. There was still substantial Arabic vocabulary, but many of these words have been integrated into Persian phonology and grammar. In addition, under the Qajar rule numerous Russian, French, and English terms entered the Persian language, especially vocabulary related to technology.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: A scientific association was founded in 1911, resulting in a dictionary called "Words of Scientific Association" (), which was completed in the future and renamed "Katouzian Dictionary" ().

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The first academy for the Persian language was founded on 20 May 1935, under the name "Academy of Iran". It was established by the initiative of Reza Shah Pahlavi, and mainly by Hekmat e Shirazi and Mohammad Ali Foroughi, all prominent names in the nationalist movement of the time.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The following are some languages closely related to Persian, or in some cases are considered dialects:

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: However, in Dari, the archaic distinction of and (respectively known as "Yā-ye majhūl" and "Yā-ye ma'rūf") is still preserved as well as the distinction of and (known as "Wāw-e majhūl" and "Wāw-e ma'rūf"). On the other hand, in standard Tajik, the length distinction has disappeared, and merged with and with . Therefore, contemporary Afghan Dari dialects are the closest to the vowel inventory of Early New Persian.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: According to most studies on the subject (e.g. Samareh 1977, Pisowicz 1985, Najafi 2001), the three vowels traditionally considered long (, , ) are currently distinguished from their short counterparts (, , ) by position of articulation rather than by length. However, there are studies (e.g. Hayes 1979, Windfuhr 1979) that consider vowel length to be the active feature of the system, with , , and phonologically long or bimoraic and , , and phonologically short or monomoraic.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: There are also some studies that consider quality and quantity to be both active in the Iranian system (such as Toosarvandani 2004). That offers a synthetic analysis including both quality and quantity, which often suggests that Modern Persian vowels are in a transition state between the quantitative system of Classical Persian and a hypothetical future Iranian language, which will eliminate all traces of quantity and retain quality as the only active feature.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The length distinction is still strictly observed by careful reciters of classic-style poetry for all varieties (including Tajik).

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Suffixes predominate Persian morphology, though there are a small number of prefixes. Verbs can express tense and aspect, and they agree with the subject in person and number. There is no grammatical gender in modern Persian, and pronouns are not marked for natural gender. In other words, in Persian, pronouns are gender neutral. When referring to a masculine or a feminine subject the same pronoun is used (pronounced "ou", ū).

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Normal declarative sentences are structured as "(S) (PP) (O) V": sentences have optional subjects, prepositional phrases, and objects followed by a compulsory verb. If the object is specific, the object is followed by the word "rā" and precedes prepositional phrases: "(S) (O + "rā") (PP) V".

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Persian makes extensive use of word building and combining affixes, stems, nouns and adjectives. Persian frequently uses derivational agglutination to form new words from nouns, adjectives, and verbal stems. New words are extensively formed by compounding – two existing words combining into a new one.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The vast majority of modern Iranian Persian and Dari text is written with the Arabic script. Tajiki, which is considered by some linguists to be a Persian dialect influenced by Russian and the Turkic languages of Central Asia, is written with the Cyrillic script in Tajikistan (see Tajik alphabet). There also exist several romanization systems for Persian.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: There are several letters generally only used in Arabic loanwords. These letters are pronounced the same as similar Persian letters. For example, there are four functionally identical letters for (), three letters for (), two letters for (), two letters for ().

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Historically, there was also a special letter for the sound . This letter is no longer used, as the -sound changed to , e.g. archaic > 'language'

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The Persian alphabet also modifies some letters of the Arabic alphabet. For example, "alef with hamza below" ( ) changes to "alef" ( ); words using various hamzas get spelled with yet another kind of hamza (so that becomes ) even though the latter has been accepted in Arabic since the 80s; and "teh marbuta" ( ) changes to "heh" ( ) or "teh" ( ).

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: However, in shape and form is the traditional Arabic style that continues in the Nile Valley, namely, Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The International Organization for Standardization has published a standard for simplified transliteration of Persian into Latin, ISO 233-3, titled "Information and documentation – Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters – Part 3: Persian language – Simplified transliteration" but the transliteration scheme is not in widespread use.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Another Latin alphabet, based on the Common Turkic Alphabet, was used in Tajikistan in the 1920s and 1930s. The alphabet was phased out in favor of Cyrillic in the late 1930s.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: Fingilish is Persian using ISO basic Latin alphabet. It is most commonly used in chat, emails and SMS applications. The orthography is not standardized, and varies among writers and even media (for example, typing 'aa' for the phoneme is easier on computer keyboards than on cellphone keyboards, resulting in smaller usage of the combination on cellphones).

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Persian language

Context: The Cyrillic script was introduced for writing the Tajik language under the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic in the late 1930s, replacing the Latin alphabet that had been used since the October Revolution and the Persian script that had been used earlier. After 1939, materials published in Persian in the Persian script were banned in the country.

Question: 페르시아 어를 국어로 쓰는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: Many French political parties and leaders claim a Gaullist legacy; many streets and monuments in France were dedicated to his memory after his death.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: Henri de Gaulle came from a long line of parliamentary gentry from Normandy and Burgundy. The name is thought to be Dutch in origin, and may well have derived from "van der Walle", "de Walle" ("from the rampart, defensive wall") or "de Waal" ("the Walloon") De Gaulle's mother, Jeanne (born Maillot), descended from a family of wealthy entrepreneurs from Lille. She had French, Irish, Scottish, and German ancestry.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: Preferring to serve in France rather than the distant overseas colonies, in October 1912 he rejoined the 33rd Infantry Regiment as a "sous-lieutenant" (second lieutenant). The regiment was now commanded by Colonel (and future Marshal) Philippe Pétain, whom de Gaulle would follow for the next 15 years. He later wrote in his memoirs: "My first colonel, Pétain, taught me the art of command".

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: When war finally broke out in France in early August 1914, the 33rd Regiment, considered one of the best fighting units in France, was immediately thrown into checking the German advance at Dinant. However, the French Fifth Army commander, General Charles Lanrezac, remained wedded to 19th-century battle tactics, throwing his units into pointless bayonet charges with bugles and full colours flying against the German artillery, incurring heavy losses.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: He rejoined his regiment in October, as commander of the 7th company. Many of his former comrades were already dead. In December he became regimental adjutant.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: De Gaulle spent 32 months in six different prisoner camps, but he spent most time in the , where his treatment was satisfactory.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: After the armistice, de Gaulle served with the staff of the French Military Mission to Poland as an instructor of Poland's infantry during its war with communist Russia (1919–1921). He distinguished himself in operations near the River Zbrucz, with the rank of major in the Polish army, and won Poland's highest military decoration, the Virtuti Militari.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: De Gaulle's book "La Discorde chez l'ennemi" had appeared in March 1924. In March 1925 he published an essay on the use of tactics according to circumstances, a deliberate gesture in defiance of Moyrand.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: Friction arose between de Gaulle and Pétain over "Le Soldat", a history of the French soldier which he had ghost-written and for which he wanted greater writing credit. He had written mainly historical material, but Pétain wanted to add a final chapter of his own thoughts. There was at least one stormy meeting late in 1926 after which de Gaulle was seen to emerge, white with anger, from Pétain's office. In October 1926 he returned to his duties with the Headquarters of the Army of the Rhine.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: De Gaulle had sworn that he would never return to the "École de Guerre" except as commandant, but at Pétain's invitation, and introduced to the stage by his patron, he delivered three lectures there in April 1927: "Leadership in Wartime", "Character", and "Prestige". These later formed the basis for his book "The Edge of the Sword" (1932). Many of the officers in the audience were his seniors, who had taught and examined him only a few years earlier.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: After spending twelve years as a captain, a normal period, de Gaulle was promoted to "commandant" (major) on 25 September 1927. In November 1927 he began a two-year posting as commanding officer of the 19th "chasseurs à pied" (a battalion of élite light infantry) with the occupation forces at Trier (Treves).

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: The breach between de Gaulle and Pétain over the ghost-writing of "Le Soldat" had deepened in 1928. Pétain brought in a new ghostwriter, Colonel Audet, who was unwilling to take on the job and wrote to de Gaulle in some embarrassment to take over the project. Pétain was quite friendly about the matter but did not publish the book. In 1929 Pétain did not use de Gaulle's draft text for his eulogy for the late Ferdinand Foch, whose seat at the "Academie Française" he was assuming.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: Pétain instead advised him to apply for a posting to the "Secrétariat Général du Conseil Supérieur de la Défense Nationale" (SGDN – General Secretariat of the Supreme War Council, reporting to the Under-Secretary to the Prime Minister, although later moved to the Ministry of War in 1936) in Paris. Pétain promised to lobby for the appointment, which he thought would be good experience for him. De Gaulle was posted to SGDN in November 1931, initially as a "drafting officer".

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in December 1932 and appointed Head of the Third Section (operations). His service at SGDN gave him six years' experience of the interface between army planning and government, enabling him to take on ministerial responsibilities in 1940.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: After studying arrangements in the US, Italy, and Belgium, de Gaulle drafted a bill for the organisation of the country in time of war. He made a presentation about his bill to the CHEM. The bill passed the Chamber of Deputies but failed in the Senate.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: At the outbreak of World War II, de Gaulle was put in command of the French Fifth Army's tanks (five scattered battalions, largely equipped with R35 light tanks) in Alsace. On 12 September 1939 he attacked at Bitche, simultaneously with the Saar Offensive.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: In late-February 1940, Reynaud told de Gaulle that he had been earmarked for command of an armoured division as soon as one became available. Early in 1940 (the exact date is uncertain), de Gaulle proposed to Reynaud that he be appointed Secretary-General of the War Council, which would in effect have made him the government's military adviser. When Reynaud became prime minister in March he was reliant on Daladier's backing, so the job went instead to the politician Paul Baudouin.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: The Germans attacked the West on 10 May. De Gaulle activated his new division on 12 May. The Germans broke through at Sedan on 15 May 1940. That day, with three tank battalions assembled, less than a third of his paper strength, he was summoned to headquarters and told to attack to gain time for General Robert Touchon's Sixth Army to redeploy from the Maginot Line to the Aisne. General Georges told him it was his chance to implement his ideas.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: He delayed his retreat until 20 May. On 21 May, at the request of propaganda officers, he gave a talk on French radio about his recent attack. In recognition for his efforts de Gaulle was promoted to the rank of temporary (acting, in Anglophone parlance) brigadier-general on 23 May 1940. Despite being compulsorily retired as a colonel on 22 June (see below) he would wear the uniform of a brigadier-general for the rest of his life.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: On 28–29 May, de Gaulle attacked the German bridgehead south of the Somme at Abbeville, taking around 400 German prisoners in the last attempt to cut an escape route for the Allied forces falling back on Dunkirk.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: On 8 June, de Gaulle visited Weygand, who believed it was "the end" and that after France was defeated Britain would also soon sue for peace. He hoped that after an armistice the Germans would allow him to retain enough of a French Army to "maintain order" in France. He gave a "despairing laugh" when de Gaulle suggested fighting on.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: On 9 June, de Gaulle flew to London and met British Prime Minister Winston Churchill for the first time. It was thought that half a million men could be evacuated to French North Africa, provided the British and French navies and air forces coordinated their efforts. Either at this meeting or on 16 June, he urged Churchill in vain to throw more Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft into the Battle of France, but conceded there and then that Churchill was right to refuse.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: In his memoirs, de Gaulle mentioned his support for the proposal to continue the war from French North Africa, but at the time he was more in favour of the plan to form a "redoubt" in Brittany than he later admitted.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: On 11 June, de Gaulle drove to Arcis-sur-Aube and offered General Charles Huntziger (Commander of the Central Army Group) Weygand's job as Commander-in-Chief. Huntziger accepted in principle (although according to Henri Massis he was merely amused at the prospect of forming a Breton redoubt – Huntziger would sign the armistice on behalf of Pétain a few weeks later) but de Gaulle was unable to persuade Reynaud to sack Weygand.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: De Gaulle visited Reynaud, who still hoped to escape to French North Africa and declined to come to London. Reynaud still had control of secret government funds until the handover of power the next day. It has been suggested that he ordered de Gaulle to go to London, but no written evidence has ever been found to confirm this. Georges Mandel also refused to come.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: The 18 June speech invited French soldiers and civilians to join de Gaulle. Although the French embassy did not release his address, some found de Gaulle at his borrowed apartment. The general told one visitor "We are starting from zero" as he had no men, money, or premises. The visitor could help, de Gaulle said, by staying while he went to lunch so that someone would be there to answer the phone or door.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: On Bastille Day (14 July) 1940 de Gaulle led a group of between 200 and 300 sailors to lay a wreath at the statue of Ferdinand Foch at Grosvenor Gardens. A mass of anonymous flowers were left on his mother's grave on 16 July 1940, suggesting he was not without admirers in France.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: General Georges Catroux, Governor of French Indo-China (which was increasingly coming under Japan's thumb), disapproved of the armistice and congratulated de Gaulle, whom he had known for many years. He was sacked by Vichy and arrived in London on 31 August; de Gaulle had gone to Dakar, but they met in Chad four weeks later. He was the most senior military figure to defect to the Free French.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: In October 1940, after talks between the Foreign Office and Louis Rougier, de Gaulle was asked to tone down his attacks on Pétain. On average he spoke on BBC radio three times a month.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: Prime Minister Pétain moved the government to Vichy (2 July) and had the National Assembly (10 July) vote to dissolve itself and give him dictatorial powers, making the beginning of his "Révolution nationale" (National Revolution) intended to "reorient" French society. This was the dawn of the Vichy regime.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?


Charles de Gaulle

Context: In his dealings with the British and Americans (both referred to as the "Anglo-Saxons", in de Gaulle's parlance), he always insisted on retaining full freedom of action on behalf of France and was constantly on the verge of losing the Allies' support. Some writers have sought to deny that there was deep and mutual antipathy between de Gaulle and British and American political leaders.

Question: 샤를 드골 출생일은 언젠가요?