Seven Years' War

Context: The British settlers along the coast were upset that French troops would now be close to the western borders of their colonies. They felt the French would encourage their tribal allies among the North American natives to attack them. Also, the British settlers wanted access to the fertile land of the Ohio River Valley for the new settlers that were flooding into the British colonies seeking farm land.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: The British also harassed French shipping beginning in August 1755, seizing hundreds of ships and capturing thousands of merchant seamen while the two nations were nominally at peace. Incensed, France prepared to attack Hanover, whose prince-elector was also the King of Great Britain and Menorca. Britain concluded a treaty whereby Prussia agreed to protect Hanover. In response France concluded an alliance with its long-time enemy Austria, an event known as the Diplomatic Revolution.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: In the War of the Austrian Succession, which lasted from 1740 to 1748, King Frederick II of Prussia, known as Frederick the Great, seized the prosperous province of Silesia from Austria. Empress Maria Theresa of Austria had signed the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 in order to gain time to rebuild her military forces and forge new alliances.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: The Russians and the Austrians were determined to reduce the power of Prussia, the new threat on their doorstep, and Austria was anxious to regain Silesia, lost to Prussia in the War of the Austrian Succession. Along with France, Russia and Austria agreed in 1756 to mutual defence and an attack by Austria and Russia on Prussia, subsidized by France.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: In France, 1758 had been disappointing, and in the wake of this a new chief minister, the Duc de Choiseul, was appointed. Choiseul planned to end the war in 1759 by making strong attacks on Britain and Hanover.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: The year 1760 brought yet more Prussian disasters. The general Fouqué was defeated by the Austrians in the Battle of Landeshut. The French captured Marburg in Hesse and the Swedes part of Pomerania. The Hanoverians were victorious over the French at the Battle of Warburg, their continued success preventing France from sending troops to aid the Austrians against Prussia in the east.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: Prussia began the 1761 campaign with just 100,000 available troops, many of them new recruits, and its situation seemed desperate. However, the Austrian and Russian forces were also heavily depleted and could not launch a major offensive.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: In February 1761 Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick surprised French troops at Langensalza and then advanced to besiege Cassel in March. He was forced to lift the siege and retreat after French forces regrouped and captured several thousand of his men at the Battle of Grünberg. At the Battle of Villinghausen, forces under Ferdinand defeated a 92,000-man French army.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: Great Britain planned a "descent" (an amphibious demonstration or raid) on Rochefort, a joint operation to overrun the town and burn shipping in the Charente. The expedition set out on 8 September 1757, Sir John Mordaunt commanding the troops and Sir Edward Hawke the fleet. On 23 September the Isle d'Aix was taken, but military staff dithered and lost so much time that Rochefort became unassailable. The expedition abandoned the Isle d'Aix, returning to Great Britain on 1 October.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: Pitt now prepared to send troops into Germany; and both Marlborough and Sackville, disgusted by what they perceived as the futility of the "descents", obtained commissions in that army. The elderly General Bligh was appointed to command a new "descent", escorted by Howe. The campaign began propitiously with the Raid on Cherbourg. Covered by naval bombardment, the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg, and destroyed its fortifications, docks and shipping.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: The colonial conflict mainly between France and Britain took place in India, North America, Europe, the West Indies, the Philippines, and coastal Africa. Over the course of the war, Great Britain gained enormous areas of land and influence at the expense of the French and the Spanish Empire.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: On 13 September 1759, General James Wolfe led 5,000 troops up a goat path to the Plains of Abraham, 1 mile west of Quebec City.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: Seeing French and Indian defeat, in 1760 the Six Nations of The Iroquois Confederacy resigned from the war and negotiated the Treaty of Kahnawake with the British. Among its conditions was their unrestricted travel between Canada and New York, as the nations had extensive trade between Montreal and Albany as well as populations living throughout the area.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: In South America (1763), the Portuguese conquered most of the Rio Negro valley, and repelled a Spanish attack on Mato Grosso (in the Guaporé River).

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: Between September 1762 and April 1763, Spanish forces led by don Pedro Antonio de Cevallos, Governor of Buenos Aires (and later first Viceroy of the Rio de la Plata) undertook a campaign against the Portuguese in the Banda Oriental, now Uruguay and south Brazil. The Spanish conquered the Portuguese settlement of Colonia do Sacramento and Rio Grande de São Pedro and forced the Portuguese to surrender and retreat.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: Under the Treaty of Paris (1763), Spain had to return to Portugal the settlement of Colonia do Sacramento, while the vast and rich territory of the so-called "Continent of S. Peter" (the present-day Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul) would be retaken from the Spanish army during the undeclared Hispano-Portuguese war of 1763–1777.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: In the south, although the French captured Cuddalore, their siege of Madras failed, while the British commander Sir Eyre Coote decisively defeated the Comte de Lally at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760 and overran the French territory of the Northern Circars. The French capital in India, Pondicherry, fell to the British in 1761; together with the fall of the lesser French settlements of Karikal and Mahé this effectively eliminated French power in India.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Seven Years' War

Context: In 1758, at the urging of an American merchant, Thomas Cumming, Pitt dispatched an expedition to take the French settlement at Saint-Louis, Senegal. The British captured Senegal with ease in May 1758 and brought home large amounts of captured goods. This success convinced Pitt to launch two further expeditions to take the island of Gorée and the French trading post on the Gambia. The loss of these valuable colonies further weakened the French economy.

Question: 영국과 프랑스는 왜 전쟁이 일어났는가?


Olympic Games

Context: Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games (), held in Olympia, Greece from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement, with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: The Games have grown so much that nearly every nation is now represented; colonies and overseas territories are allowed to field their own teams. This growth has created numerous challenges and controversies, including boycotts, doping, bribery, and terrorism. Every two years the Olympics and its media exposure provide athletes with the chance to attain national and sometimes international fame. The Games also provide an opportunity for the host city and country to showcase themselves to the world.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: The Olympic Games reached the height of their success in the 6th and 5th centuries BC, but then gradually declined in importance as the Romans gained power and influence in Greece. While there is no scholarly consensus as to when the Games officially ended, the most commonly held date is 393 AD, when the emperor Theodosius I decreed that all pagan cults and practices be eliminated. Another date commonly cited is 426 AD, when his successor, Theodosius II, ordered the destruction of all Greek temples.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: , a national Olympic festival held annually from 1796 to 1798 in Revolutionary France also attempted to emulate the ancient Olympic Games. The competition included several disciplines from the ancient Greek Olympics. The 1796 Games also marked the introduction of the metric system into sport.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: In 1834 and 1836, Olympic games were held in (), and an additional in Stockholm, Sweden in 1843, all organised by Gustaf Johan Schartau and others. At most 25,000 spectators saw the games.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: In 1850, an Olympian Class was started by William Penny Brookes at Much Wenlock, in Shropshire, England. In 1859, Brookes changed the name to the Wenlock Olympian Games. This annual sports festival continues to this day. The Wenlock Olympian Society was founded by Brookes on 15 November 1860.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: Greek officials and the public were enthusiastic about the experience of hosting an Olympic Games. This feeling was shared by many of the athletes, who even demanded that Athens be the permanent Olympic host city. The IOC intended for subsequent Games to be rotated to various host cities around the world. The second Olympics was held in Paris.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttmann, determined to promote the rehabilitation of soldiers after World War II, organised a multi-sport event between several hospitals to coincide with the 1948 London Olympics. Originally known as the Stoke Mandeville Games, Guttmann's event became an annual sports festival. Over the next 12 years, Guttmann and others continued their efforts to use sports as an avenue to healing.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: Two years before the 2012 Games, the LOCOG chairman Lord Coe made the following statement about the Paralympics and Olympics in London:

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: Budget overruns are common for the Games. Average overrun for Games since 1960 is 156% in real terms, which means that actual costs turned out to be on average 2.56 times the budget that was estimated at the time of winning the bid to host the Games. Montreal 1976 had the highest cost overrun for Summer Games, and for any Games, at 720%; Lake Placid 1980 had the highest cost overrun for Winter Games, at 324%. London 2012 had a cost overrun of 76%, Sochi 2014 of 289%.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: It has been documented that cost and cost overrun for the Games follow a power-law distribution, which means that, first, the Games are prone to large cost overruns and, second, it is only a matter of time until an overrun occurs that is larger than the largest to date. In short, hosting the Games is economically and financially extremely risky.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: It was reported in 1999 that the Nagano Olympic bid committee had spent approximately $14 million on entertaining the 62 IOC members and many of their associates. The precise figures are unknown since Nagano destroyed the financial records after the IOC requested that the entertainment expenditures should not be made public.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: The continued refusal by the IOC to hold a moment of silence at the opening ceremony for the eleven Israeli athletes killed by Palestinian terrorists at the 1972 Munich Olympics was criticised by the victims' families and Jewish organizations, including the Anti-Defamation League and B'nai B'rith International. Ultimately, such a remembrance was held at the opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: In April 2018, Norwegian track and field athletics manager Håkon Lutdal argued for abolishing the Olympic Games, arguing against the concept of gathering many sports in a single town, city or region no matter how popular or unpopular those sports are there. Instead, he argued for elevating the status of various world championships in different sports, usually at locations attracting more interested spectators.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: In 2020, a group of Oxford University scholars documented high costs and cost overruns for the Games and criticised the IOC for not taking enough responsibility for controlling increasing costs. The IOC criticised the study and the Oxford scholars countered the criticism, point by point, in an open letter to IOC President Thomas Bach.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: The IOC originally resisted funding by corporate sponsors. It was not until the retirement of IOC President Avery Brundage, in 1972, that the IOC began to explore the potential of the television medium and the lucrative advertising markets available to them. Under the leadership of Juan Antonio Samaranch the Games began to shift toward international sponsors who sought to link their products to the Olympic brand.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: The Olympic motto, , a Latin expression meaning "Faster, Higher, Stronger" was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 and has been official since 1924. The motto was coined by Coubertin's friend, the Dominican priest Henri Didon OP, for a Paris youth gathering of 1891.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: As is customary, the last medal presentation of the Games is held as part of the closing ceremony. Typically, the marathon medals are presented at the Summer Olympics, while the cross-country skiing mass start medals are awarded at the Winter Olympics.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: Greece, Australia, France, and United Kingdom are the only countries to be represented at every Olympic Games since their inception in 1896. While countries sometimes miss an Olympics due to a lack of qualified athletes, some choose to boycott a celebration of the Games for various reasons. The Olympic Council of Ireland boycotted the 1936 Berlin Games, because the IOC insisted its team needed to be restricted to the Irish Free State rather than representing the entire island of Ireland.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: There were three boycotts of the 1956 Melbourne Olympics: the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland refused to attend because of the repression of the Hungarian uprising by the Soviet Union, but did send an equestrian delegation to Stockholm; Cambodia, Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon boycotted the Games because of the Suez Crisis; and the People's Republic of China boycotted the Games due to the participation of the Republic of China, composed of athletes coming from Taiwan.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: In 2022, during 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis IOC Executive Board "recommends no participation of Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials, urges International Sports Federations and organizers of sports events worldwide to do everything in their power to ensure that no athlete or sports official from Russia or Belarus be allowed to take part under the name of Russia or Belarus."

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: The first Olympic athlete to test positive for the use of performance-enhancing drugs was Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall, a Swedish pentathlete at the 1968 Summer Olympics, who lost his bronze medal for alcohol use. One of the most publicised doping-related disqualifications occurred after the 1988 Summer Olympics where Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson (who won the 100-metre dash) tested positive for stanozolol.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: At the 2012 Summer Olympics, every participating nation included female athletes for the first time in Olympic history. Saudi Arabia included two female athletes in its delegation; Qatar, four; and Brunei, one (Maziah Mahusin, in the 400 m hurdles). Qatar made one of its first female Olympians, Bahiya al-Hamad (shooting), its flagbearer at the 2012 Games, and runner Maryam Yusuf Jamal of Bahrain became the first Gulf female athlete to win a medal when she won a bronze for her showing in the 1500 m race.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: One of the most famous cases of changing nationality for the Olympics was Zola Budd, a South African runner who emigrated to the United Kingdom because there was an apartheid-era ban on the Olympics in South Africa. Budd was eligible for British citizenship because her grandfather was born in Britain, but British citizens accused the government of expediting the citizenship process for her.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: As of the 2020 Games in Tokyo, all of the current 206 NOCs and 19 obsolete NOCs have participated in at least one edition of the Summer Olympics. Competitors from five nations—Australia, France, Great Britain, Greece, and Switzerland—have competed in all 28 Summer Olympics. Athletes competing under the Olympic flag, Mixed Teams and the Refugee Team have competed at six Summer Games.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: A total of 119 NOCs (110 of the current 206 NOCs and nine obsolete NOCs) have participated in at least one edition of the Winter Olympics. Competitors from 14 nations—Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States—have participated in all 23 Winter Games to date.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: By 2032, the Olympic Games will have been hosted by 47 cities in 23 countries. As of 2021, since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, the Olympics have been held in Asia or Oceania four times, a sharp increase compared to the previous 92 years of modern Olympic history. The 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro were the first Olympics for a South American country. No bids from countries in Africa have succeeded.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Olympic Games

Context: Beijing hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics, which made it the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Games.

Question: 최초의 올림픽은 몇 종목이 있었나?


Palgongsan

Context: The mountain is the site of a number of cultural and natural heritage sites. These include Buddhist shrines from the Silla period or later, including the large and active temple of Donghwasa and the Gunwi Triad Budda Grotto (National Treasure 109). In addition, in 927 the Battle of Gong Mountain was fought between Hubaekje and Goryeo forces on the mountain's southern slope.

Question: 팔봉산의 해발은 몇미터인가?


Palgongsan

Context: Natural treasures include the standing stone of Gatbawi, so called from its resemblance to a traditional Korean horsehair hat, or "gat".

Question: 팔봉산의 해발은 몇미터인가?


Palgongsan

Context: The mountain, connected to downtown Daegu by bus, is a popular site for weekend outings from the city. Portions of the mountain were designated a provincial park in 1980.

Question: 팔봉산의 해발은 몇미터인가?


Palgongsan

Context: Course: Pyeonggwang-dong entrance - Pyeonggwang Elementary School - Pyeonggwangji - Moyeongjae - Jaebau farm - Cheombaekdang - Pyeonggwang station (Round-trip 4.6 miles, 2 hours 30 minutes. Level: Easy)

Question: 팔봉산의 해발은 몇미터인가?


World War I

Context: The term "world war" was first coined in September 1914 by German biologist and philosopher Ernst Haeckel. He claimed that "there is no doubt that the course and character of the feared 'European War' ... will become the first world war in the full sense of the word," in "The Indianapolis Star" on 20 September 1914.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The term "First World War" had been used by Lt-Col. Charles à Court Repington, as a title for his memoirs (published in 1920); he had noted his discussion on the matter with a Major Johnstone of Harvard University in his diary entry of 10 September 1918.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The suffering engendered by the war, as well as the failure of the British government to grant self-government to India after the end of hostilities, bred disillusionment and fuelled the campaign for full independence that would be led by Mohandas K. Gandhi and others.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Both sides tried to break the stalemate using scientific and technological advances. On 22 April 1915, at the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans (violating the Hague Convention) used chlorine gas for the first time on the Western Front. Several types of gas soon became widely used by both sides, and though it never proved a decisive, battle-winning weapon, poison gas became one of the most-feared and best-remembered horrors of the war.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Neither side proved able to deliver a decisive blow for the next two years. Throughout 1915–17, the British Empire and France suffered more casualties than Germany, because of both the strategic and tactical stances chosen by the sides. Strategically, while the Germans mounted only one major offensive, the Allies made several attempts to break through the German lines.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In February 1916 the Germans attacked French defensive positions at the Battle of Verdun, lasting until December 1916. The Germans made initial gains, before French counter-attacks returned matters to near their starting point. Casualties were greater for the French, but the Germans bled heavily as well, with anywhere from 700,000 to 975,000 casualties suffered between the two combatants. Verdun became a symbol of French determination and self-sacrifice.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: World War I also saw the first use of aircraft carriers in combat, with launching Sopwith Camels in a successful raid against the Zeppelin hangars at Tondern in July 1918, as well as blimps for antisubmarine patrol.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The Macedonian front was initially mostly static. French and Serbian forces retook limited areas of Macedonia by recapturing Bitola on 19 November 1916 following the costly Monastir offensive, which brought stabilisation of the front.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The Ottomans threatened Russia's Caucasian territories and Britain's communications with India via the Suez Canal. As the conflict progressed, the Ottoman Empire took advantage of the European powers' preoccupation with the war and conducted large-scale ethnic cleansing of the indigenous Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian Christian populations, known as the Armenian genocide, Greek genocide, and Assyrian genocide.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Further to the west, the Suez Canal was defended from Ottoman attacks in 1915 and 1916; in August, a German and Ottoman force was defeated at the Battle of Romani by the ANZAC Mounted Division and the 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division. Following this victory, an Egyptian Expeditionary Force advanced across the Sinai Peninsula, pushing Ottoman forces back in the Battle of Magdhaba in December and the Battle of Rafa on the border between the Egyptian Sinai and Ottoman Palestine in January 1917.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Russian armies generally had success in the Caucasus campaign. Enver Pasha, supreme commander of the Ottoman armed forces, was ambitious and dreamed of re-conquering central Asia and areas that had been lost to Russia previously. He was, however, a poor commander. He launched an offensive against the Russians in the Caucasus in December 1914 with 100,000 troops, insisting on a frontal attack against mountainous Russian positions in winter. He lost 86% of his force at the Battle of Sarikamish.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The Arab Revolt, instigated by the Arab bureau of the British Foreign Office, started June 1916 with the Battle of Mecca, led by Sharif Hussein of Mecca, and ended with the Ottoman surrender of Damascus. Fakhri Pasha, the Ottoman commander of Medina, resisted for more than two and half years during the siege of Medina before surrendering in January 1919.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The Senussi tribe, along the border of Italian Libya and British Egypt, incited and armed by the Turks, waged a small-scale guerrilla war against Allied troops. The British were forced to dispatch 12,000 troops to oppose them in the Senussi campaign. Their rebellion was finally crushed in mid-1916.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Total Allied casualties on the Ottoman fronts amounted 650,000 men. Total Ottoman casualties were 725,000 (325,000 dead and 400,000 wounded).

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: On 12 December 1916, after ten brutal months of the Battle of Verdun and a successful offensive against Romania, Germany attempted to negotiate a peace with the Allies. However, this attempt was rejected out of hand as a "duplicitous war ruse".

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In the summer of 1917 a Central Powers offensive began in Romania under the command of August von Mackensen to knock Romania out of the war. Resulting in the battles of Oituz, Mărăști and Mărășești where up to 1,000,000 Central Powers troops were present. The battles lasted from 22 July to 3 September and eventually the Romanian army was victorious. August von Mackensen could not plan for another offensive as he had to transfer troops to the Italian Front.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The last large-scale offensive of this period was a British attack (with French support) at Passchendaele (July–November 1917). This offensive opened with great promise for the Allies, before bogging down in the October mud. Casualties, though disputed, were roughly equal, at some 200,000–400,000 per side.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The victory of the Central Powers at the Battle of Caporetto led the Allies to convene the Rapallo conference at which they formed the Supreme War Council to co-ordinate planning. Previously, British and French armies had operated under separate commands.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In 1917, Emperor Charles I of Austria secretly attempted separate peace negotiations with Clemenceau, through his wife's brother Sixtus in Belgium as an intermediary, without the knowledge of Germany. Italy opposed the proposals. When the negotiations failed, his attempt was revealed to Germany, resulting in a diplomatic catastrophe.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In March and April 1917, at the First and Second Battles of Gaza, German and Ottoman forces stopped the advance of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, which had begun in August 1916 at the Battle of Romani.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Ludendorff drew up plans (codenamed Operation Michael) for the 1918 offensive on the Western Front. The Spring Offensive sought to divide the British and French forces with a series of feints and advances. The German leadership hoped to end the war before significant US forces arrived. The operation commenced on 21 March 1918 with an attack on British forces near Saint-Quentin. German forces achieved an unprecedented advance of .

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Meanwhile, Germany was falling apart at home. Anti-war marches became frequent and morale in the army fell. Industrial output was half the 1913 levels.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Rather than continuing the Amiens battle past the point of initial success, as had been done so many times in the past, the Allies shifted attention elsewhere. Allied leaders had now realised that to continue an attack after resistance had hardened was a waste of lives, and it was better to turn a line than to try to roll over it. They began to undertake attacks in quick order to take advantage of successful advances on the flanks, then broke them off when each attack lost its initial impetus.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: British and Dominion forces launched the next phase of the campaign with the Battle of Albert on 21 August. The assault was widened by French and then further British forces in the following days. During the last week of August, the Allied pressure along a front against the enemy was heavy and unrelenting. From German accounts, "Each day was spent in bloody fighting against an ever and again on-storming enemy, and nights passed without sleep in retirements to new lines."

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: News of Germany's impending military defeat spread throughout the German armed forces. The threat of mutiny was rife. Admiral Reinhard Scheer and Ludendorff decided to launch a last attempt to restore the "valour" of the German Navy.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The Allies had much more potential wealth they could spend on the war. One estimate (using 1913 US dollars) is that the Allies spent $58 billion on the war and the Central Powers only $25 billion. Among the Allies, the UK spent $21 billion and the US$17 billion; among the Central Powers Germany spent $20 billion.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In the aftermath of the war, four empires disappeared: the German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian. Numerous nations regained their former independence, and new ones were created. Four dynasties, together with their ancillary aristocracies, fell as a result of the war: the Romanovs, the Hohenzollerns, the Habsburgs, and the Ottomans. Belgium and Serbia were badly damaged, as was France, with 1.4 million soldiers dead, not counting other casualties. Germany and Russia were similarly affected.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Some war memorials date the end of the war as being when the Versailles Treaty was signed in 1919, which was when many of the troops serving abroad finally returned home; by contrast, most commemorations of the war's end concentrate on the armistice of 11 November 1918. Legally, the formal peace treaties were not complete until the last, the Treaty of Lausanne, was signed. Under its terms, the Allied forces left Constantinople on 23 August 1923.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Meanwhile, new nations liberated from German rule viewed the treaty as recognition of wrongs committed against small nations by much larger aggressive neighbours. The Peace Conference required all the defeated powers to pay reparations for all the damage done to civilians. However, owing to economic difficulties and Germany being the only defeated power with an intact economy, the burden fell largely on Germany.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The Russian Empire, which had withdrawn from the war in 1917 after the October Revolution, lost much of its western frontier as the newly independent nations of Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland were carved from it. Romania took control of Bessarabia in April 1918.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In the British Empire, the war unleashed new forms of nationalism. In Australia and New Zealand, the Battle of Gallipoli became known as those nations' "Baptism of Fire". It was the first major war in which the newly established countries fought, and it was one of the first times that Australian troops fought as Australians, not just subjects of the British Crown. Anzac Day, commemorating the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), celebrates this defining moment.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Lobbying by Chaim Weizmann and fear that American Jews would encourage the United States to support Germany culminated in the British government's Balfour Declaration of 1917, endorsing creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. A total of more than 1,172,000 Jewish soldiers served in the Allied and Central Power forces in World WarI, including 275,000 in Austria-Hungary and 450,000 in Tsarist Russia.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The prestige of Germany and German things in Latin America remained high after the war but did not recover to its pre-war levels. Indeed, in Chile the war bought an end to a period of intense scientific and cultural influence writer Eduardo de la Barra scorningly called "the German bewitchment" ().

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The social disruption and widespread violence of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the ensuing Russian Civil War sparked more than 2,000 pogroms in the former Russian Empire, mostly in Ukraine. An estimated 60,000–200,000 civilian Jews were killed in the atrocities.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In the aftermath of World War I, Greece fought against Turkish nationalists led by Mustafa Kemal, a war that eventually resulted in a massive population exchange between the two countries under the Treaty of Lausanne. According to various sources, several hundred thousand Greeks died during this period, which was tied in with the Greek genocide.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Artillery also underwent a revolution. In 1914, cannons were positioned in the front line and fired directly at their targets. By 1917, indirect fire with guns (as well as mortars and even machine guns) was commonplace, using new techniques for spotting and ranging, notably, aircraft and the often overlooked field telephone. Counter-battery missions became commonplace, also, and sound detection was used to locate enemy batteries.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Germany was far ahead of the Allies in using heavy indirect fire. The German Army employed and howitzers in 1914, when typical French and British guns were only and . The British had a 6-inch (152 mm) howitzer, but it was so heavy it had to be hauled to the field in pieces and assembled. The Germans also fielded Austrian and guns and, even at the beginning of the war, had inventories of various calibres of "Minenwerfer", which were ideally suited for trench warfare.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: On 27 June 1917 the Germans used the biggest gun in the world, Batterie Pommern, nicknamed "Lange Max". This gun from Krupp was able to shoot 750 kg shells from Koekelare to Dunkirk, a distance of about .

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The most powerful land-based weapons were railway guns, weighing dozens of tons apiece. The German version were nicknamed Big Berthas, even though the namesake was not a railway gun. Germany developed the Paris Gun, able to bombard Paris from over , though shells were relatively light at 94 kilograms (210 lb).

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Another new weapon, the flamethrower, was first used by the German army and later adopted by other forces. Although not of high tactical value, the flamethrower was a powerful, demoralising weapon that caused terror on the battlefield.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Trench railways evolved to supply the enormous quantities of food, water, and ammunition required to support large numbers of soldiers in areas where conventional transportation systems had been destroyed. Internal combustion engines and improved traction systems for automobiles and trucks/lorries eventually rendered trench railways obsolete.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The introduction of radio telegraphy was a significant step in communication during World War I. The stations utilized at that time were spark-gap transmitters. As an example, the information of the start of World War I was transmitted to German South West Africa on 2 August 1914 via radio telegraphy from the Nauen transmitter station via a relay station in Kamina and Lomé in Togo to the radio station in Windhoek.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: A claim from a local spy that "traitors" were hiding in a certain house was enough to sentence the whole family to death by hanging. Priests were often hanged, under the accusation of spreading the spirit of treason among the people. Multiple source state that 30,000 Serbs, mostly civilians, were hanged by Austro-Hungarian forces in the first year of the war alone.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: On 19 August 1915, the German submarine U-"27" was sunk by the British Q-ship . All German survivors were summarily executed by "Baralong"s crew on the orders of Lieutenant Godfrey Herbert, the captain of the ship. The shooting was reported to the media by American citizens who were on board the "Nicosia", a British freighter loaded with war supplies, which was stopped by "U-27" just minutes before the incident.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: On 24 September, "Baralong" destroyed U-"41", which was in the process of sinking the cargo ship "Urbino". According to Karl Goetz, the submarine's commander, "Baralong" continued to fly the US flag after firing on "U-41" and then rammed the lifeboat—carrying the German survivors, sinking it.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The Canadian hospital ship was torpedoed by the German submarine SM U-86 on 27 June 1918 in violation of international law. Only 24 of the 258 medical personnel, patients, and crew survived. Survivors reported that the U-boat surfaced and ran down the lifeboats, machine-gunning survivors in the water. The U-boat captain, Helmut Brümmer-Patzig, was charged with war crimes in Germany following the war, but escaped prosecution by going to the Free City of Danzig, beyond the jurisdiction of German courts.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Other ethnic groups were similarly attacked by the Ottoman Empire during this period, including Assyrians and Greeks, and some scholars consider those events to be part of the same policy of extermination. At least 250,000 Assyrian Christians, about half of the population, and 350,000–750,000 Anatolian and Pontic Greeks were killed between 1915 and 1922.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Many pogroms accompanied the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the ensuing Russian Civil War. 60,000–200,000 civilian Jews were killed in the atrocities throughout the former Russian Empire (mostly within the Pale of Settlement in present-day Ukraine). There were an estimated 7–12 million casualties during the Russian Civil War, mostly civilians.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The British soldiers of the war were initially volunteers but increasingly were conscripted into service. Surviving veterans, returning home, often found they could discuss their experiences only amongst themselves. Grouping together, they formed "veterans' associations" or "Legions". A small number of personal accounts of American veterans have been collected by the Library of Congress Veterans History Project.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The Ottoman Empire often treated POWs poorly. Some 11,800 British Empire soldiers, most of them Indians, became prisoners after the siege of Kut in Mesopotamia in April 1916; 4,250 died in captivity. Although many were in a poor condition when captured, Ottoman officers forced them to march to Anatolia. A survivor said: "We were driven along like beasts; to drop out was to die." The survivors were then forced to build a railway through the Taurus Mountains.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In Russia, when the prisoners from the Czechoslovak Legion of the Austro-Hungarian army were released in 1917, they re-armed themselves and briefly became a military and diplomatic force during the Russian Civil War.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: While the Allied prisoners of the Central Powers were quickly sent home at the end of active hostilities, the same treatment was not granted to Central Power prisoners of the Allies and Russia, many of whom served as forced labour, e.g., in France until 1920. They were released only after many approaches by the Red Cross to the Supreme War Council. German prisoners were still being held in Russia as late as 1924.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Military and civilian observers from every major power closely followed the course of the war. Many were able to report on events from a perspective somewhat akin to modern "embedded" positions within the opposing land and naval forces.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In the Middle East, Arab nationalism soared in Ottoman territories in response to the rise of Turkish nationalism during the war, with Arab nationalist leaders advocating the creation of a pan-Arab state. In 1916, the Arab Revolt began in Ottoman-controlled territories of the Middle East in an effort to achieve independence.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: A number of socialist parties initially supported the war when it began in August 1914. But European socialists split on national lines, with the concept of class conflict held by radical socialists such as Marxists and syndicalists being overborne by their patriotic support for the war. Once the war began, Austrian, British, French, German, and Russian socialists followed the rising nationalist current by supporting their countries' intervention in the war.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Once war was declared, many socialists and trade unions backed their governments. Among the exceptions were the Bolsheviks, the Socialist Party of America, the Italian Socialist Party, and people like Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, and their followers in Germany.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In Britain in 1914, the Public Schools Officers' Training Corps annual camp was held at Tidworth Pennings, near Salisbury Plain. Head of the British Army, Lord Kitchener, was to review the cadets, but the imminence of the war prevented him. General Horace Smith-Dorrien was sent instead. He surprised the two-or-three thousand cadets by declaring (in the words of Donald Christopher Smith, a Bermudian cadet who was present),

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Voicing these sentiments did not hinder Smith-Dorrien's career, or prevent him from doing his duty in World WarI to the best of his abilities.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Many countries jailed those who spoke out against the conflict. These included Eugene Debs in the United States and Bertrand Russell in Britain. In the US, the Espionage Act of 1917 and Sedition Act of 1918 made it a federal crime to oppose military recruitment or make any statements deemed "disloyal". Publications at all critical of the government were removed from circulation by postal censors, and many served long prison sentences for statements of fact deemed unpatriotic.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Other opposition came from conscientious objectors—some socialist, some religious—who refused to fight. In Britain, 16,000 people asked for conscientious objector status. Some of them, most notably prominent peace activist Stephen Hobhouse, refused both military and alternative service. Many suffered years of prison, including solitary confinement and bread and water diets. Even after the war, in Britain many job advertisements were marked "No conscientious objectors need apply".

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The Central Asian revolt started in the summer of 1916, when the Russian Empire government ended its exemption of Muslims from military service.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In 1917, a series of French Army Mutinies led to dozens of soldiers being executed and many more imprisoned.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Conscription was common in most European countries. However, it was controversial in English-speaking countries. It was especially unpopular among minority ethnic groups—especially the Irish Catholics in Ireland and Australia, and the French Catholics in Canada.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In Canada, the issue produced a major political crisis that permanently alienated the Francophones. It opened a political gap between French Canadian, who believed their true loyalty was to Canada and not to the British Empire, and members of the Anglophone majority, who saw the war as a duty to their British heritage.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In 1915 John McCrae, a Canadian army doctor, wrote the poem "In Flanders Fields" as a salute to those who perished in the Great War. Published in "Punch" on 8December 1915, it is still recited today, especially on Remembrance Day and Memorial Day.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: National World War I Museum and Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri, is a memorial dedicated to all Americans who served in World WarI. The Liberty Memorial was dedicated on 1November 1921, when the supreme Allied commanders spoke to a crowd of more than 100,000 people.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: World War I had a lasting impact on collective memory. It was seen by many in Britain as signalling the end of an era of stability stretching back to the Victorian period, and across Europe many regarded it as a watershed. Historian Samuel Hynes explained:

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Though these views have been discounted as "myths", they are common. They have dynamically changed according to contemporary influences, reflecting in the 1950s perceptions of the war as "aimless" following the contrasting Second World War and emphasising conflict within the ranks during times of class conflict in the 1960s. The majority of additions to the contrary are often rejected.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The social trauma caused by unprecedented rates of casualties manifested itself in different ways, which have been the subject of subsequent historical debate. Over 8 million Europeans died in the war. Millions suffered permanent disabilities. The war gave birth to fascism and Bolshevism and destroyed the dynasties that had ruled the Ottoman, Habsburg, Russian and German Empires.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Gross domestic product (GDP) increased for three Allies (Britain, Italy, and the United States), but decreased in France and Russia, in neutral Netherlands, and in the three main Central Powers. The shrinkage in GDP in Austria, Russia, France, and the Ottoman Empire ranged between 30% and 40%. In Austria, for example, most pigs were slaughtered, so at war's end there was no meat.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Macro- and micro-economic consequences devolved from the war. Families were altered by the departure of many men. With the death or absence of the primary wage earner, women were forced into the workforce in unprecedented numbers. At the same time, industry needed to replace the lost labourers sent to war. This aided the struggle for voting rights for women.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: In Britain, rationing was finally imposed in early 1918, limited to meat, sugar, and fats (butter and margarine), but not bread. The new system worked smoothly. From 1914 to 1918, trade union membership doubled, from a little over four million to a little over eight million.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: Britain turned to her colonies for help in obtaining essential war materials whose supply from traditional sources had become difficult. Geologists such as Albert Kitson were called on to find new resources of precious minerals in the African colonies. Kitson discovered important new deposits of manganese, used in munitions production, in the Gold Coast.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


World War I

Context: The war contributed to the evolution of the wristwatch from women's jewellery to a practical everyday item, replacing the pocketwatch, which requires a free hand to operate. Military funding of advancements in radio contributed to the post-war popularity of the medium.

Question: 1차 세계대전 가운데 가장 먼저 항복을 선언한 나라는 어디인가?


Adhocracy

Context: Adhocracy is characterized by an adaptive, creative and flexible integrative behavior based on non-permanence and spontaneity. It is believed that these characteristics allow adhocracy to respond faster than traditional bureaucratic organizations while being more open to new ideas.

Question: 애드호크라시가 처음 조직된 해는 언제인가?


Adhocracy

Context: All members of an organization have the authority within their areas of specialization, and in coordination with other members, to make decisions and to take actions affecting the future of the organization. There is an absence of hierarchy.

Question: 애드호크라시가 처음 조직된 해는 언제인가?


Adhocracy

Context: According to Robert H. Waterman, Jr., "Teams should be big enough to represent all parts of the bureaucracy that will be affected by their work, yet small enough to get the job done efficiently."

Question: 애드호크라시가 처음 조직된 해는 언제인가?


Adhocracy

Context: Alvin Toffler claimed in his book "Future Shock" that adhocracies will get more common and are likely to replace bureaucracy. He also wrote that they will most often come in form of a temporary structure, formed to resolve a given problem and dissolved afterwards.

Question: 애드호크라시가 처음 조직된 해는 언제인가?


Adhocracy

Context: Downsides of adhocracies can include "half-baked actions", personnel problems stemming from organization's temporary nature, extremism in suggested or undertaken actions, and threats to democracy and legality rising from adhocracy's often low-key profile. To address those problems, researchers in adhocracy suggest a model merging adhocracy and bureaucracy, the bureau-adhocracy.

Question: 애드호크라시가 처음 조직된 해는 언제인가?


Adhocracy

Context: The word is a portmanteau of the Latin "ad hoc", meaning "for the purpose", and the suffix -cracy, from the ancient Greek "kratein" (κρατεῖν), meaning "to govern", and is thus a heteroclite.

Question: 애드호크라시가 처음 조직된 해는 언제인가?


Adhocracy

Context: The term is also used to describe the form of government used in the science fiction novels "Voyage from Yesteryear" by James P. Hogan and "Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom", by Cory Doctorow.

Question: 애드호크라시가 처음 조직된 해는 언제인가?


Adhocracy

Context: In the radio play "Das Unternehmen Der Wega" (The Mission of the Vega) by Friedrich Dürrenmatt, the human inhabitants of Venus, all banished there from various regions of Earth for civil and political offenses, form and live under a peaceful adhocracy, to the frustration of delegates from an Earth faction who hope to gain their cooperation in a war brewing on Earth.

Question: 애드호크라시가 처음 조직된 해는 언제인가?


Adhocracy

Context: The asura in the fictional world of Tyria within the Guild Wars universe present this form of government, although the term is only used in out-of-game lore writings.

Question: 애드호크라시가 처음 조직된 해는 언제인가?


Seo Hui

Context: Seo Hui () (942 – 8 August 998) was a Korean politician and diplomat during the early days of the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea (918–1392). Seo is best remembered for his diplomatic skills that led 60,000 Khitan troops to withdraw from Goryeo without a battle.

Question: 호족은 무엇을 뜻하는가?


Seo Hui

Context: However, he is most remembered in his diplomatic career for his direct negotiations with General Xiao Sunning of the Liao Dynasty, which prevented a fullscale invasion by a host of Khitan troops:

Question: 호족은 무엇을 뜻하는가?


Seo Hui

Context: Xiao: Your country arose in Silla territory. Koguryŏ territory is in our possession. But you have encroached on it. Your country is connected to us by land, and yet you cross the sea to serve China. Because of this, our great country came to attack you. If you relinquish land to us and establish a tributary relationship, everything will be all right.

Question: 호족은 무엇을 뜻하는가?


Seo Hui

Context: Seo reported to his king that he forged an agreement with Xiao to jointly "exterminate the Jurchens" and to seize their land so that Goryeo and Liao would have a closer land border and commensurate tributary relations. He lamented that the Jurchens would only allow Goryeo the land south of the Yalu River, but envisioned a future in which this situation of confinement would change.

Question: 호족은 무엇을 뜻하는가?


Doha

Context: David Seaton, a British political resident in Muscat, wrote the first English record of Al Bidda in 1801. He refers to the town as 'Bedih' and describes the geography and defensive structures in the area. He stated that the town had recently been settled by the Sudan tribe (singular Al-Suwaidi), whom he considered to be pirates. Seaton attempted to bombard the town with his warship, but returned to Muscat upon finding that the waters were too shallow to position his warship within striking distance.

Question: 카타르국 수도는 어딘가요?


Doha

Context: In 1820, British surveyor R. H. Colebrook, who visited Al Bidda, remarked on the recent depopulation of the town. He wrote:

Question: 카타르국 수도는 어딘가요?


Doha

Context: The joint Bahraini-Abu Dhabi incursion and subsequent Qatari counterattack prompted the British political agent, Colonel Lewis Pelly, to impose a settlement in 1868. Pelly's mission to Bahrain and Qatar and the peace treaty that resulted were milestones in Qatar's history. It implicitly recognized Qatar as a distinct entity independent from Bahrain and explicitly acknowledged the position of Mohammed bin Thani as an important representative of the peninsula's tribes.

Question: 카타르국 수도는 어딘가요?


Doha

Context: The Trade Facilitation Agreement will enter into force upon its ratification by 2/3 of WTO Members. The EU ratified the agreement in October 2015.

Question: 카타르국 수도는 어딘가요?


Doha

Context: Expatriate workers remitted $60bn between 2006 and 2012, with 54 percent of the workers' remittances of $60bn routed to Asian countries, followed by Arab nations that accounted for nearly half that volume (28 percent). India was the top destination of the remittances, followed by the Philippines, while the US, Egypt and the neighbouring UAE followed. Remittances in 2014 totaled $11.2 billion, amounting to 5.3% of Qatar's GDP.

Question: 카타르국 수도는 어딘가요?


Doha

Context: In 2014, Abdullah Al Attiyah, a senior government official, announced that Qatar would be spending $65bn on new infrastructure projects in upcoming years in preparation for the 2022 World Cup as well as progressing towards its objectives set out in the Qatar National Vision 2030.

Question: 카타르국 수도는 어딘가요?


Doha

Context: Considering the country's rapid development for the 2022 World Cup, FIFA awarded the hosting rights of 2019 FIFA Club World Cup and 2020 FIFA Club World Cup also to Qatar.

Question: 카타르국 수도는 어딘가요?


Doha

Context: The National Museum of Qatar, which was constructed in place of the original Qatar National Museum, opened to the public on 28 March 2019.

Question: 카타르국 수도는 어딘가요?


History of money

Context: The history of money concerns the development throughout time of systems that provide the functions of money. Such systems can be understood as means of trading wealth indirectly; not directly as with bartering. Money is a mechanism that facilitates this process.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Money may take a physical form as in coins and notes, or may exist as a written or electronic account. It may have intrinsic value (commodity money), be legally exchangeable for something with intrinsic value (representative money), or only have nominal value (fiat money).

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: The invention of money took place before the beginning of written history. Consequently, any story of how money first developed is mostly based on conjecture and logical inference.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Gold coins began to be minted again in Europe in the 13th century. Frederick II is credited with having reintroduced gold coins during the Crusades. During the 14th century Europe changed from use of silver in currency to minting of gold. Vienna made this change in 1328.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Stability came when national banks guaranteed to change silver money into gold at a fixed rate; it did, however, not come easily. The Bank of England risked a national financial catastrophe in the 1730s when customers demanded their money be changed into gold in a moment of crisis. Eventually London's merchants saved the bank and the nation with financial guarantees.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Another step in the evolution of money was the change from a coin being a unit of weight to being a unit of value. A distinction could be made between its commodity value and its "specie" value. The difference in these values is seigniorage.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Other theorists also note that the status of a particular form of money always depends on the status ascribed to it by humans and by society. For instance, gold may be seen as valuable in one society but not in another or that a bank note is merely a piece of paper until it is agreed that it has monetary value.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: In modern times economists have sought to classify the different types of money supply. The different measures of the money supply have been classified by various central banks, using the prefix "M". The supply classifications often depend on how narrowly a supply is specified, for example the "M"s may range from M0 (narrowest) to M3 (broadest). The classifications depend on the particular policy formulation used:

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Assaying is analysis of the chemical composition of metals. The discovery of the touchstone for assaying helped the popularisation of metal-based commodity money and coinage. Any soft metal, such as gold, can be tested for purity on a touchstone. As a result, the use of gold for as commodity money spread from Asia Minor, where it first gained wide usage.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: There is no evidence, historical or contemporary, of a society in which barter is the main mode of exchange;

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: instead, non-monetary societies operated largely along the principles of gift economy and debt. When barter did in fact occur, it was usually between either complete strangers or potential enemies.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: With barter, an individual possessing any surplus of value, such as a measure of grain or a quantity of livestock, could directly exchange it for something perceived to have similar or greater value or utility, such as a clay pot or a tool, however, the capacity to carry out barter transactions is limited in that it depends on a coincidence of wants. For example, a farmer has to find someone who not only wants the grain he produced but who could also offer something in return that the farmer wants.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Economists Robert P. Murphy and George Selgin replied to Graeber saying that the barter hypothesis is consistent with economic principles, and a barter system would be too brief to leave a permanent record. John Alexander Smith from Bella Caledonia said that in this exchange Graeber is the one acting as a scientist by trying to falsify the barter hypotheses, while Selgin is taking a theological stance by taking the hypothesis as truth revealed from authority.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: In a gift economy, valuable goods and services are regularly given without any explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards (i.e. there is no formal "quid pro quo"). Ideally, simultaneous or recurring giving serves to circulate and redistribute valuables within the community.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Anthropologists have noted many cases of 'primitive' societies using what looks to us very like money but for non-commercial purposes, indeed commercial use may have been prohibited:

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: This suggests that the basic idea of money may have long preceded its application to commercial trade.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: After the domestication of cattle and the start of cultivation of crops in 9000–6000 BC, livestock and plant products were used as money. However, it is in the nature of agricultural production that things take time to reach fruition. The farmer may need to buy things that he cannot pay for immediately. Thus the idea of debt and credit was introduced, and a need to record and track it arose.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: This process was independent of the local monetary system so in some cases societies may have used money of exchange before developing a local money of account. In societies where foreign trade was rare money of exchange may have appeared much later than money of account.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: In early Mesopotamia copper was used in trade for a while but was soon superseded by silver. The temple (which financed and controlled most foreign trade) fixed exchange rates between barley and silver, and other important commodities, which enabled payment using any of them. It also enabled the extensive use of accounting in managing the whole economy, which led to the development of writing and thus the beginning of history.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Many cultures around the world developed the use of commodity money, that is, objects that have value in themselves as well as value in their use as money. Ancient China, Africa, and India used cowry shells.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: It has long been assumed that metals, where available, were favored for use as proto-money over such commodities as cattle, cowry shells, or salt, because metals are at once durable, portable, and easily divisible. The use of gold as proto-money has been traced back to the fourth millennium BC when the Egyptians used gold bars of a set weight as a medium of exchange, as had been done earlier in Mesopotamia with silver bars.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: All modern coins, in turn, are descended from the coins that appear to have been invented in the kingdom of Lydia in Asia Minor somewhere around 7th century BC and that spread throughout Greece in the following centuries: disk-shaped, made of gold, silver, bronze or imitations thereof, with both sides bearing an image produced by stamping; one side is often a human head.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Other coins made of electrum (a naturally occurring alloy of silver and gold) were manufactured on a larger scale about 7th century BC in Lydia (on the coast of what is now Turkey). Similar coinage was adopted and manufactured to their own standards in nearby cities of Ionia, including Mytilene and Phokaia (using coins of electrum) and Aegina (using silver) during the 7th century BC, and soon became adopted in mainland Greece, and the Persian Empire (after it incorporated Lydia in 547 BC).

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: The use and export of silver coinage, along with soldiers paid in coins, contributed to the Athenian Empire's dominance of the region in the 5th century BC. The silver used was mined in southern Attica at Laurium and Thorikos by a huge workforce of slave labour. A major silver vein discovery at Laurium in 483 BC led to the huge expansion of the Athenian military fleet.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: The worship of Moneta is recorded by Livy with the temple built in the time of Rome 413 (123); a temple consecrated to the same goddess was built in the earlier part of the 4th century (perhaps the same temple). For four centuries the temple contained the mint of Rome. The name of the goddess thus became the source of numerous words in English and the Romance languages, including the words "money" and "mint"

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Debasement of coin was widespread. Significant periods of debasement took place in 1340–60 and 1417–29, when no small coins were minted, and by the 15th century the issuance of small coin was further restricted by government restrictions and even prohibitions. With the exception of the Great Debasement, England's coins were consistently minted from sterling silver (silver content of 92.5%). A lower quality of silver with more copper mixed in, used in Barcelona, was called "billion".

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: In the Indian subcontinent, Sher Shah Suri (1540–1545), introduced a silver coin called a "rupiya", weighing 178 grams. Its use was continued by the Mughal Empire. The history of the rupee traces back to Ancient India circa 3rd century BC. Ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Lydian staters, several other Middle Eastern coinages and the Chinese wen.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: The imperial taka was officially introduced by the monetary reforms of Muhammad bin Tughluq, the emperor of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1329. It was modeled as representative money, a concept pioneered as paper money by the Mongols in China and Persia. The tanka was minted in copper and brass. Its value was exchanged with gold and silver reserves in the imperial treasury. The currency was introduced due to the shortage of metals.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: Both the Kabuli rupee and the Kandahari rupee were used as currency in Afghanistan prior to 1891, when they were standardized as the Afghan rupee. The Afghan rupee, which was subdivided into 60 paisas, was replaced by the Afghan afghani in 1925.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: At around the same time in the medieval Islamic world, a vigorous monetary economy was created during the 7th–12th centuries on the basis of the expanding levels of circulation of a stable high-value currency (the dinar). Innovations introduced by Muslim economists, traders and merchants include the earliest uses of credit, cheques, promissory notes, savings accounts, transactional accounts, loaning, trusts, exchange rates, the transfer of credit and debt, and banking institutions for loans and deposits.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: In the Indian subcontinent, Sher Shah Suri (1540–1545), introduced a silver coin called a "rupiya", weighing 178 grams. Its use was continued by the Mughal rulers. The history of the rupee traces back to Ancient India circa 3rd century BC. Ancient India was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world, along with the Lydian staters, several other Middle Eastern coinages and the Chinese wen.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: The acceptance of symbolic forms of money meant that a symbol could be used to represent something of value that was available in physical storage somewhere else in space, such as grain in the warehouse; or something of value that would be available later, such as a promissory note or bill of exchange, a document ordering someone to pay a certain sum of money to another on a specific date or when certain conditions have been fulfilled.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: The first European banknotes were issued by Stockholms Banco, a predecessor of Sweden's central bank Sveriges Riksbank, in 1661. These replaced the copper-plates being used instead as a means of payment, although in 1664 the bank ran out of coins to redeem notes and ceased operating in the same year.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: These banknotes were a form of representative money which could be converted into gold or silver by application at the bank. Since banks issued notes far in excess of the gold and silver they kept on deposit, sudden loss of public confidence in a bank could precipitate mass redemption of banknotes and result in bankruptcy.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: In India the earliest paper money was issued by Bank of Hindostan (1770– 1832), General Bank of Bengal and Bihar (1773–75), and Bengal Bank (1784–91).

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


History of money

Context: In 1971, United States President Richard Nixon announced that the US dollar would not be directly convertible to Gold anymore. This measure effectively destroyed the Bretton Woods system by removing one of its key components, in what came to be known as the Nixon shock. Since then, the US dollar, and thus all national currencies, are free-floating currencies. Additionally, international, national and local money is now dominated by virtual credit rather than real bullion.

Question: 돈이 사람들에게 소개되었을 때?


Soju

Context: (; Hangul: ; Hanja: ; ) is a clear, colorless distilled beverage that is widely associated with the drinking culture of Korea. It is usually consumed neat (ABV).

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: Traditionally, most brands of are produced in the Andong region, but soju made from other regions or countries also exists. While is traditionally made from the grains of rice, wheat, or barley, modern producers often replace rice with other starches, such as potato and sweet potato. "Soju" often appear similar to several other East Asian liquors.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: Another name for soju is "noju" (; "dew liquor"), with its first letter "ro" (; 露; "dew") likening the droplets of the collected alcohol during the distilling process to dew-drops. Some soju brand names include "iseul" (), the native-Korean word for "dew", or "ro" (), the Sino-Korean word for "dew".

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: Soju is traditionally made by distilling alcohol from fermented grains. The rice wine for distilled soju is usually fermented for about 15 days, and the distillation process involves boiling the filtered, mature rice wine in a "sot" (cauldron) topped with "soju gori" (two-storied distilling appliance with a pipe). In the 1920s, over 3,200 soju breweries existed throughout the Korean Peninsula.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: Although the prohibition was lifted in 1999, cheap soju continues to be made this way. Diluted soju has showed a trend towards lower alcohol content. The ABV of 30% fell to 25% by 1973, and 23% by 1998. Currently, soju with less than 17% ABV are widely available. In 2017, a typical bottle of diluted soju retails at ₩1,700 (approximately $) in supermarkets and convenience stores, and for ₩4,000–5,000 (approximately $–) in restaurants.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: Several regions have resumed distilling soju from grains since 1999. Traditional hand-crafted Andong soju has about 45% ABV. Hwayo () is a brand with five different mixes constituting an ABV range from 17% to 53%.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: The most important rule in Korean drinking etiquette is that the youngest person in the group pours the drinks for their elders. It applies not only to age but also to the hierarchy within a company. When pouring alcohol, both hands should be used to pour. When receiving alcohol, both hands should also be used to hold the glass.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: Liquors in Canada are subject to regulations that vary from province to province. In Ontario, the provincially run Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) sells soju, but not all outlets carry it. Not all LCBO locations have soju, since the LCBO introduced online ordering in 2016 it can be ordered for home delivery anywhere in the province.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: Moon Soju opened in 2017 and is the only Canadian soju distillery. Moon Soju makes soju by distilling corn.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: The liquor licensing laws in the states of California and New York specifically exempt the sale of soju from regulation relating to the sale of other distilled spirits, allowing businesses with a beer/wine license to sell it without requiring the more expensive license required for other distilled spirits. The only stipulation is that the soju must be clearly labeled as such and contain less than 25% alcohol.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: This has led to the appearance in the United States of many soju-based equivalents of traditional Western mixed drinks normally based on vodka or similar spirits, such as the soju martini and the soju cosmopolitan. Another consequence is that the manufacturers of similar distilled spirits from other parts of Asia, such as Japanese shōchū, have begun to re-label their products as soju for sale in those regions.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: New American producers are entering the market. Some, like Tokki Soju and West 32 Soju, with initial market penetration in major markets like New York, are finding critical success. Tokki Soju won double gold for their barrel-aged soju, Tokki Soju Gold, in the San Francisco Spirits Competition 2021. West 32 Soju won a gold medal at the 2017 New York International Spirits Competition.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: A new all natural soju distilled in Germany called ISAE is also entering the premium soju market. It is distilled according to the German Purity Law (the Reinheitsgebot) for grain spirits of 1789 and uses 100% regional winter wheat and organic rice.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: While soju is traditionally consumed straight, a few cocktails and mixed drinks use soju as a base spirit. Beer and soju can be mixed to create "somaek" (소맥), a portmanteau of the words soju and maekju (맥주 beer). Flavored soju is also available. It is also popular to blend fruits with soju and to drink it in "slushy" form. Another very popular flavored soju is yogurt soju (요구르트 소주), which is a combination of soju, yogurt, and lemon lime soda.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: A "poktan-ju" (폭탄주) ("bomb drink") consists of a shot glass of soju dropped into a pint of beer (similar to a boilermaker); it is drunk quickly. This is similar to the Japanese sake bomb.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Soju

Context: Soju is sometimes mistakenly referred to as "cheongju" (청주), a Korean rice wine. Mass-produced soju is also mistaken for Chinese "baijiu", a grain liquor, and "shōchū", a Japanese liquor.

Question: 2019년 5월 기준, 한국에서 가장 많이 판매된 소주는 무엇인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: Fossilised stromatolites, found near Marble Bar, are one of the earliest forms of life on Earth, dating to 3.5 billion years ago during the Paleoarchean era, when at that time oxygen produced aerobic organisms.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: The town was officially gazetted in 1893 following the discovery of gold in the area in 1890 by a prospector named Francis Jenkins who is remembered by the name of the town's main street. The name Marble Bar was derived from a nearby jasper bar mistaken for marble and now known as Marble Bar, which runs across the bed of the Coongan River.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: By 1895 the town had its Government offices built; these are now National Trust buildings. Cut from local stone, the buildings still stand today.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: Possibly the most famous building in the town is the Ironclad Hotel built in the 1890s, constructed of corrugated Iron, and given the name by American miners who were reminded of the Ironclad ships from the United States. In 2006, the Ironclad hotel was listed on the Western Australian register of heritage places.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: Several large gold nuggets were discovered as a result of the goldrush. The 333 ounce Little Hero nugget, the 413 ounce Bobby Dazzler and the 332 ounce General Gordon nugget were all found in the goldfields around the town.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: During World War II, United States Army Air Forces and Royal Australian Air Force heavy bombers were based away as the crow flies at Corunna Downs Airfield. Allied airmen from the base attacked Japanese forces as far away as Borneo.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: The Port Hedland to Marble Bar railway opened on 15 July 1911, costing around £300,000 to build. Due to low traffic and high financial losses, the railway closed from 31 May 1951. This railway could be seen as a narrow gauge precursor to the network of standard gauge iron-ore railways that have since been created across the Pilbara.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: Marble Bar has a hot desert climate (Köppen "BWh") with sweltering summers and warm winters. Most of the annual rainfall occurs in the summer. The town set a world record of most consecutive days of or above, during a period of 160 days from 31 October 1923 to 7 April 1924. Although annual temperatures indicate Marble Bar should be within the tropics, with a July (winter) mean of , it does not have the high precipitation requirements for hot-weather climates to sustain tropical vegetation.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: A locality nearby is known as "North Pole" (21° 05' S. 119° 22' E.). It is the location of rock formations considered to have evidence that puts the origin of life on earth back to 3,400–3,500 million years ago, due to stromatolites in particular rock sequences.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: However the claim is disputed, and it is argued that stromatolites older than 3,200 mya are not the result of living organisms (the definition of stromatolites includes both living and abiotic causes), the small conical structures in the Strelley Pool formation (Warrawoona Group) being formed by evaporation and a dome structure from the North Pole chert (also Warrawoona Group) being formed by soft-sediment deformation.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Marble Bar, Western Australia

Context: In 2021, missions to Mars indicated the work done by Abigail Allwood on the North Pole geology in 2006 was key to understanding the organic composition of the formation, as well as being useful to understand the processes being investigated on Mars.

Question: 호주에서 가장 더운 도시는 어디인가?


Suhas Gopinath

Context: Gopinath was born in Bangalore in the Indian state of Karnataka to his father, a defense scientist, and mother, a housewife. He taught himself to make websites with the help of books, and made his first, www.coolhindustan.com, at the age of 14. He incorporated his company Globals Inc., the same year, in 2000. He became CEO of his company at the age of 17. He was thought to be, for a time, the youngest CEO of a company.

Question: 역대 법인기업 중 최연소 CEO는 누구인가?


Bocheonism

Context: Eventually, Bocheonism became the largest Korean new religious movement and possibly the largest religion in Korea, with some six million followers, including leading activists in the Korean independence movements. Bocheonism, however, declined rapidly after Cha's death in 1936, and fragmented into several competing group, as did Goh's organization. The largest among these branches is Jeung San Do.

Question: 보천교는 언제 창교하였는가?


Bocheonism

Context: Cha prophesied that the unification of the world would take place beginning in Korea. Branches of Bocheonism are also credited with encouraging local culture in the Jeongeup region, including the pungmulgut performance tradition.

Question: 보천교는 언제 창교하였는가?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: Of the four tallest structures in Europe, it is 2 m shorter than the Torreta de Guardamar, 0.5 m shorter than the Riga Radio and TV Tower, and 8 m taller than the Trbovlje Power Station in 2017. The structure is also more than 220 metres higher than the old Berlin Radio Tower in the western part of the city, which was built in the 1920s.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: The tower has become one of the most prominent symbols of the country and is often in the establishing shot of films set in Berlin, alongside monuments such as the Brandenburg Gate, the Berlin Victory Column and the Reichstag building. It is also one of the ten most popular attractions in Germany with more than 1,000,000 visitors every year.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: Two lifts transport visitors to the sphere of the tower within 40 seconds. There is also a stairway with 986 steps. Wheelchair users cannot visit the tower due to fire regulations.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: The Berlin TV Tower is located southwest of the Alexanderplatz station and northeast of the Marx-Engels Forum. The structure is often erroneously described as being part of the Alexanderplatz that lies to the northeast.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: In addition to the Berlin U-Bahn and S-Bahn lines, several tram and bus lines stop at Alexanderplatz station, from which the middle exit leads to the entrance building of the TV Tower.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: The Interhotel Stadt Berlin on Alexanderplatz, planned concurrently to the TV Tower and completed in 1970, is 125 metres high and is now operated as a Park Inn by Radisson Berlin Alexanderplatz. Between 1967 and 1972, the Rathauspassagen shopping arcade was built next to the Rotes Rathaus, directly south of the TV Tower.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: Work on the foundation began on 4 August 1965 and was finished by the end of 1965. The concreting of the tower foot began on 15 March 1966. The concreting progressed rapidly, so that the 100-metre mark was exceeded on 4 October 1966. The shaft reached its final height on 16 June 1967. A total of 8,000 cubic metres of concrete was used to build the shaft, which was 248.78 metres high and weighed 26,000 tons.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: At the beginning of 1969, water trickled into the interior of the tower, causing considerable damage; the ball had to be sealed again. Until 3 October 1969, the interior was expanded, and the entrance pavilion was completed. After 53 months of actual construction work, the tower was completed in "record-breaking" time in spite of all the adversities. The costs amounted to over 132 million marks.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: The building, officially called the Fernseh- und UKW-Turm Berlin (Television and VHF Tower Berlin), was the world's second highest television tower in October 1969. The only TV tower that was taller was the Ostankino in Moscow. It was also the third-highest freestanding building of its time, after the tower in Moscow and the Empire State Building in New York.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: On 3 October 1969 Walter Ulbricht, together with his wife Lotte and a delegation of high-ranking companions, including Günter Mittag, Herbert Warnke, Paul Verner, Rudolph Schulze, Erich Honecker, Werner Lamberz and Erich Mielke, inaugurated the television tower and gave the starting signal for GDR's second state channel, DFF 2, thus launching colour TV on two channels in the GDR. The tower has been accessible to the public since 7 October 1969, Republic Day.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: The TV Tower is one of the buildings in Berlin that is illuminated by a special light installation for several days during the Festival of Lights held every year in October since 2004. On the occasion of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the tower ball was covered to make it look like a magenta football as part of an advertising campaign by the operator Telekom.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Fernsehturm Berlin

Context: On 14 June 2011 – almost 42 years after the inauguration – the then Governing Mayor Klaus Wowereit welcomed the 50 millionth visitor. The entire city can be viewed from the observation deck of the TV Tower. If there is good visibility, the view reaches as far as the recreational park Tropical Islands Resort, at a distance of almost 60 kilometres.

Question: 독일에서 제일 높은 건물은 어디인가요?


Dictatorship

Context: A dictatorship is a form of government characterized by a single leader (dictator) or group of leaders that hold government power promised to the people and little or no toleration for political pluralism or independent media. As democracy is a form of government in which "those who govern are selected through periodically contested elections (in years)", dictatorships are not democracies.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: The word "dictator" comes from the Latin language word "dictātor", agent noun from "dictare (dictāt-", past participial stem of "dictāre" dictate "v." + "-or" -or "suffix"). In Latin use, a "dictator" was a judge in the Roman Republic temporarily invested with absolute power.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: A dictatorship is largely defined as a form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in the hands of a leader (commonly identified as a dictator), a "small clique", or a "government organization", and it aims to abolish political pluralism and civilian mobilization. On the other hand, democracy, which is generally compared to the concept of dictatorship, is defined as a form of government in which power belongs to the population and rulers are elected through contested elections.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: Current one-party states include China, Cuba, Eritrea, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which is not recognized by the UN, is also a one-party state.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: According to a 2019 study, personalist dictatorships are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: This may seem surprising since usually personalist regimes are considered among the most fragile because they do not possess effective institutions nor a significant support base in society. Studies on the probability of their breakdown found mixed results: Compared to other regime types they are most resistant to internal fragmentation, but more vulnerable to external shocks than single-party or military regimes.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: The second characteristic is how these regimes behave differently regarding growth rates. With the wrong leadership, some regimes squander their country's economic resources and bring growth to a virtual halt. Without any checks and balances to their rule, such dictators are domestically unopposed when it comes to unleashing repression, or even starting wars.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: Monarchic dictatorships are regimes in which “a person of royal descent has inherited the position of head of state in accordance with accepted practice or constitution.” Regimes are not considered monarchies if the monarch’s role is largely ceremonial. Real political power must be exercised by the monarch for regimes to be classified as such. Elites in monarchies are typically members of the royal family.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that blend qualities of personalist, single-party, and military dictatorships. The most common forms of hybrid dictatorships are personalist/single-party hybrids and personalist/military hybrids. such as Burma durring the rule of Ne Win's Burma Socialist Programme Party.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either dictatorships or democracies. US based Freedom House, Polity IV and Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series, is more substantive.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: Between the two world wars, three types of dictatorships were generally described: constitutional, counterrevolutionary, and fascist. Since World War II, a broader range of dictatorships has been recognized, including Third World dictatorships, theocratic or religious dictatorships, and dynastic or family-based dictatorships.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: After the collapse of Spanish colonial rule, various dictators came to power in many liberated countries. Often leading a private army, these "caudillos" or self-appointed political-military leaders, attacked weak national governments once they controlled a region's political and economic powers, with examples such as Antonio López de Santa Anna in Mexico and Juan Manuel de Rosas in Argentina. Such dictatorships have been also referred to as "personalismos".

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: The wave of military dictatorships in South America in the second half of the twentieth century left a particular mark on Latin American culture. In Latin American literature, the dictator novel challenging dictatorship and "caudillismo" is a significant genre. There are also many films depicting Latin American military dictatorships.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: In the first half of the 20th century, right-wing dictatorships emerged in a variety of European countries at the same time as the rise of communism, which are distinct from dictatorships in Latin America and postcolonial dictatorships in Africa and Asia. Examples of right-wing dictatorship include:

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: During the Cold War, several overthrows of socialist governments in South America were financed and supported by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency. However, the United States had previously made attempts to repress the communists via the "National Security Doctrine" that the United States imposed in the 1950s to indoctrinate the soldiers of countries led by them to confront the alleged "communist threat".

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: Paraguay under Alfredo Stroessner assumed power in the 1954 coup against President Federico Chávez, which then followed by the Brazilian military dictatorship which seized power in 1964 coup and deposed President João Goulart.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: In 1973, the Chilean military dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet seized power after a coup d'état that ended the three-year presidency and ultimately the life of socialist president Salvador Allende. On the same year the Uruguayan civic-military dictatorship seized power from President Juan María Bordaberry. Three years later, the Argentine military junta under Jorge Videla and later Leopoldo Galtieri deposed President Isabel Perón.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: In 1971, Bolivian general Hugo Banzer deposed socialist president Juan José Torres, who would later be assassinated in Videla's Argentina. Banzer would democratically return to office in 1997. The Peruvian Military Junta in 1968 grabbed power from President Fernando Belaúnde Terry and replaced him with General Juan Velasco Alvarado before he himself was deposed by General Francisco Morales-Bermúdez.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: In 1931, a coup was organized against the government of Arturo Araujo, starting the period known of military dictatorship in El Salvador starting with the Civic Directory. The government committed several crimes against humanity, such as La Matanza. The dictatorship ended with the 1979 Salvadoran coup d'état and the start of the Salvadoran Civil War.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: Alberto Fujimori's rule in Peru is also described as a dictatorship. Fujimori won the 1990 Peruvian general elections and made the 1992 self-coup. Following the coup, his government started implementing the Plan Verde.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: Although a large part of the Latin American dictatorships were from the political right wing, the Soviet Union supported socialist states in Latin America as well. Cuba under Fidel Castro was a great example of such state. Castro's government was established after the Cuban Revolution, that overthrew the administration of dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959, turning it into the first Socialist State of the Western Hemisphere. In 2008 Castro left power and was replaced by his brother, Raúl.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: In 1972, Guillermo Rodriguez Lara established a dictatorial government in Ecuador, and called his government the "Nationalist Revolution". In 1973, the country entered OPEC. The government also imposed agrarian reforms in practice. Rodriguez Lara's regime was replaced in 1976 by another military junta led by Alfredo Poveda, whose own rule ended in 1979 and was followed by a democratically elected government.

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


Dictatorship

Context: The global dynamics of democratization has been a central question for political scientists. The Third Wave Democracy was said to turn some dictatorships into democracies (see also the contrast between the two figures of the Democracy-Dictatorship Index in 1988 and 2008).

Question: 독재와 민주주의의 차이점은 무엇인가?


List of One Piece characters

Context: Oda had created Helmeppo before he created Captain Morgan, Helmeppo's father. Oda originally named Morgan after "Chop", with the character's full title being "Naval Captain Chop" or "Sailor Chop". "Sailor" in Japanese is , and "Suihei Chop" is a fighting technique used by Giant Baba, a Japanese wrestler. He created several versions of Morgan before settling on the final design. After an editor told him that Morgan, in Oda's words, "looked lame", he changed the design to its final style.

Question: 원피스에 등장하는 혁명가는 누구인가?


List of One Piece characters

Context: Luffy is voiced by Mayumi Tanaka in the anime series. In the 4Kids Entertainment English adaptation, he is voiced by Erica Schroeder. In the Funimation Entertainment English adaptation, his voice is supplied by Colleen Clinkenbeard.

Question: 원피스에 등장하는 혁명가는 누구인가?


List of One Piece characters

Context: is a swordsman who uses up to three swords simultaneously, holding one in each hand and a third in his mouth. To fulfill a promise to Kuina, his deceased childhood friend and rival, he aims to defeat "Hawk Eye" Mihawk and become the world's greatest swordsman to fulfill a promise from his childhood friend. Traveling the seas in search of Mihawk and making a living as a bounty hunter, he becomes infamously known as .

Question: 원피스에 등장하는 혁명가는 누구인가?


List of One Piece characters

Context: In the anime television series, his voice actor is Kazuya Nakai. In the 4Kids English adaptation, his name is spelled Roronoa Zolo, and he is voiced by Marc Diraison. The VIZ media also calls him "Zolo". In the Funimation English adaptation, his voice is supplied by Christopher Sabat.

Question: 원피스에 등장하는 혁명가는 누구인가?


List of One Piece characters

Context: In the anime television series, Nami is voiced by Akemi Okamura. In the 4Kids English adaptation, she is voiced by Kerry Williams. In the Funimation English adaptation, her voice is provided by Luci Christian.

Question: 원피스에 등장하는 혁명가는 누구인가?