Clinical death

Context: Patients supported by methods that certainly maintain enough blood circulation and oxygenation for sustaining life during stopped heartbeat and breathing, such as cardiopulmonary bypass, are not customarily considered clinically dead. All parts of the body except the heart and lungs continue to function normally. Clinical death occurs only if machines providing sole circulatory support are turned off, leaving the patient in a state of stopped blood circulation.

Question: మనిషి చనిపోయాక ఏ అవయవం ఎక్కువ సమయం పనిచేస్తుంది?


Clinical death

Context: Longer durations are possible at lower temperatures, but the usefulness of longer procedures has not been established yet.

Question: మనిషి చనిపోయాక ఏ అవయవం ఎక్కువ సమయం పనిచేస్తుంది?


Clinical death

Context: Controlled clinical death has also been proposed as a treatment for exsanguinating trauma to create time for surgical repair.

Question: మనిషి చనిపోయాక ఏ అవయవం ఎక్కువ సమయం పనిచేస్తుంది?


Clinical death

Context: Death was historically believed to be an event that coincided with the onset of clinical death. It is now understood that death is a series of physical events, not a single one, and determination of permanent death is dependent on other factors beyond simple cessation of breathing and heartbeat.

Question: మనిషి చనిపోయాక ఏ అవయవం ఎక్కువ సమయం పనిచేస్తుంది?


Clinical death

Context: Clinical death that occurs unexpectedly is treated as a medical emergency. CPR is initiated. In a United States hospital, a Code Blue is declared and Advanced Cardiac Life Support procedures used to attempt to restart a normal heartbeat. This effort continues until either the heart is restarted, or a physician determines that continued efforts are useless and recovery is impossible. If this determination is made, the physician pronounces legal death and resuscitation efforts stop.

Question: మనిషి చనిపోయాక ఏ అవయవం ఎక్కువ సమయం పనిచేస్తుంది?


Clinical death

Context: If clinical death is expected due to terminal illness or withdrawal of supportive care, often a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) or "no code" order is in place. This means that no resuscitation efforts are made, and a physician or nurse may pronounce legal death at the onset of clinical death.

Question: మనిషి చనిపోయాక ఏ అవయవం ఎక్కువ సమయం పనిచేస్తుంది?


Clinical death

Context: A patient with working heart and lungs who is determined to be brain dead can be pronounced legally dead without clinical death occurring. However, some courts have been reluctant to impose such a determination over the religious objections of family members, such as in the Jesse Koochin case. Similar issues were also raised by the case of Mordechai Dov Brody, but the child died before a court could resolve the matter.

Question: మనిషి చనిపోయాక ఏ అవయవం ఎక్కువ సమయం పనిచేస్తుంది?


Clinical death

Context: Conversely, in the case of Marlise Muñoz, a hospital refused to remove a brain dead woman from life support machines for nearly two months, despite her husband's requests, because she was pregnant.

Question: మనిషి చనిపోయాక ఏ అవయవం ఎక్కువ సమయం పనిచేస్తుంది?


Anu Emmanuel

Context: She debuted as a heroine in the 2016 Malayalam film "Action Hero Biju". She made her Telugu debut with "Majnu" (2016), and went on to act in other Telugu films, like "Kittu Unnadu Jagratha" (2017), "Oxygen", and "Agnyaathavaasi" (2018). Emmanuel has also worked in Tamil films, making her debut with the suspense thriller "Thupparivaalan" (2017).

Question: ఆక్సిజన్ చిత్ర కధానాయకుడు ఎవరు?


Anu Emmanuel

Context: Emmanuel made her acting debut as lead in Nivin Pauly starrer "Action Hero Biju", directed by Abrid Shine. She made her Telugu debut with "Majnu" opposite to Nani. The film went on become a hit at box-office. During that time she was announced as the female lead in "Oxygen", alongside actor Gopichand in the lead. In 2017, She made her Tamil debut with "Thupparivaalan" alongside Vishal.

Question: ఆక్సిజన్ చిత్ర కధానాయకుడు ఎవరు?


Anu Emmanuel

Context: In 2018, she paired opposite to Pawan Kalyan in "Agnyaathavaasi". She played the lead role in "Shailaja Reddy Alludu" along with Naga Chaitanya and Ramya Krishna. She made a cameo appearance in "Geetha Govindam". She appeared in her second Tamil film "Namma Veetu Pillai" opposite to Sivakarthikeyan which became successful at the box-office.

Question: ఆక్సిజన్ చిత్ర కధానాయకుడు ఎవరు?


Bible translations

Context: The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. the full Bible has been translated into 704 languages, the New Testament has been translated into an additional 1,551 languages and Bible portions or stories into 1,160 other languages. Thus, at least some portions of the Bible have been translated into 3,415 languages.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Early translators rendered Biblical texts into (for example) Syriac, Latin, Geez, Gothic and Slavonic languages. Jerome's 4th-century Latin Vulgate version became dominant in Western Christianity through the Middle Ages. Since then, the Bible has been translated into many more languages.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: English Bible translations have a rich and varied history of more than a millennium. (See List of English Bible translations.)

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Textual variants in the New Testament include errors, omissions, additions, changes, and alternate translations. In some cases, different translations have been used as evidence for or have been motivated by doctrinal differences.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The New Testament was written in Koine Greek. The "autographs", the Greek manuscripts written by the original authors, have not survived. Scholars surmise the original Greek text from the manuscripts that do survive. The three main textual traditions of the Greek New Testament are sometimes called the Alexandrian text-type, the Byzantine text-type, and the Western text-type.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Most variants among the manuscripts are minor, such as alternative spelling, alternative word order, the presence or absence of an optional definite article ("the"), and so on. Occasionally, a major variant happens when a portion of a text was missing or for other reasons. Examples of major variants are the endings of Mark, the Pericope Adulteræ, the Comma Johanneum, and the Western version of Acts.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The discovery of older manuscripts which belong to the Alexandrian text-type, including the 4th-century Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus, led scholars to revise their view about the original Greek text. Karl Lachmann based his critical edition of 1831 on manuscripts dating from the 4th century and earlier, to argue that the "Textus Receptus" must be corrected according to these earlier texts.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Early manuscripts of the Pauline epistles and other New Testament writings show no punctuation whatsoever. The punctuation was added later by other editors, according to their own understanding of the text.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Some of the first translations of the Torah began during the Babylonian exile, when Aramaic became the lingua franca of the Jews. With most people speaking only Aramaic and not understanding Hebrew, the Targums were created to allow the common person to understand the Torah as it was read in ancient synagogues.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The translation now known as the Septuagint was widely used by Greek-speaking Jews, and later by Christians. It differs somewhat from the later standardized Hebrew (Masoretic Text). This translation was promoted by way of a legend (primarily recorded as the Letter of Aristeas) that seventy (or in some sources, seventy-two) separate translators all produced identical texts; supposedly proving its accuracy.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Christian translations also tend to be based upon the Hebrew, though some denominations prefer the Septuagint (or may cite variant readings from both). Bible translations incorporating modern textual criticism usually begin with the masoretic text, but also take into account possible variants from all available ancient versions. The received text of the Christian New Testament is in Koine Greek, and nearly all translations are based upon the Greek text.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Jerome began by revising the earlier Latin translations, but ended by going back to the original Greek, bypassing all translations, and going back to the original Hebrew wherever he could instead of the Septuagint.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The Bible was translated into Gothic in the 4th century by a group of scholars, possibly under the supervision of Ulfilas. In the 5th century, Saint Mesrob translated the Bible using the Armenian alphabet invented by him. Also dating from the same period are the Syriac, Coptic, Old Nubian, Ethiopic and Georgian translations.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: There are also several ancient translations, most important of which are in the Syriac dialect of Aramaic (including the Peshitta and the Diatessaron gospel harmony), in the Ethiopian language of Ge'ez, and in Latin (both the Vetus Latina and the Vulgate).

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The earliest surviving complete manuscript of the entire Bible in Latin is the Codex Amiatinus, a Latin Vulgate edition produced in 8th-century England at the double monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Pope Innocent III in 1199 banned unauthorized versions of the Bible as a reaction to the Cathar and Waldensian heresies. The synods of Toulouse and Tarragona (1234) outlawed possession of such renderings. There is evidence of some vernacular translations being permitted while others were being scrutinized.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The complete Bible was translated into Old French in the late 13th century. Parts of this translation were included in editions of the popular "Bible historiale", and there is no evidence of this translation being suppressed by the Church. The entire Bible was translated into Czech around 1360.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The most notable Middle English Bible translation, Wycliffe's Bible (1383), based on the Vulgate, was banned by the Oxford Synod in 1408. The Hungarian Hussite Bible appeared in 1416. In 1478, a Catalan translation was made in the dialect of Valencia. Many parts of the Bible were printed by William Caxton in his translation of the Golden Legend, and in "Speculum Vitae Christi" ("The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ").

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: During 1517 and 1519 Francysk Skaryna printed a translation of the Bible in Old Belarusian language in twenty-two books.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: In 1521, Martin Luther was placed under the Ban of the Empire, and he retired to the Wartburg Castle. During his time there, he translated the New Testament from Greek into German. It was printed in September 1522. The first complete Dutch Bible, partly based on the existing portions of Luther's translation, was printed in Antwerp in 1526 by Jacob van Liesvelt.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The first printed edition with "critical apparatus" (noting variant readings among the manuscripts) was produced by the printer Robert Estienne of Paris in 1550. The Greek text of this edition and of those of Erasmus became known as the "Textus Receptus" (Latin for "received text"), a name given to it in the Elzevier edition of 1633, which termed it as the text "nunc ab omnibus receptum" ("now received by all").

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The use of numbered chapters and verses was not introduced until the Middle Ages and later. The system used in English was developed by Stephanus (Robert Estienne of Paris) (see Chapters and verses of the Bible)

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The first complete French Bible was a translation by Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, published in 1530 in Antwerp. The Froschauer Bible of 1531 and the Luther Bible of 1534 (both appearing in portions throughout the 1520s) were an important part of the Reformation.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The first English translations of Psalms (1530), Isaiah (1531), Proverbs (1533), Ecclesiastes (1533), Jeremiah (1534) and Lamentations (1534), were executed by the Protestant Bible translator George Joye in Antwerp. In 1535 Myles Coverdale published the first complete English Bible also in Antwerp.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: By 1578 both Old and New Testaments were translated to Slovene by the Protestant writer and theologian Jurij Dalmatin. The work was not printed until 1583. The Slovenes thus became the 12th nation in the world with a complete Bible in their language. The translation of the New Testament was based on the work by Dalmatin's mentor, the Protestant Primož Trubar, who published the translation of the Gospel of Matthew already in 1555 and the entire testament by parts until 1577.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Following the distribution of a Welsh New Testament and Prayer Book to every parish Church in Wales in 1567, translated by William Salesbury, Welsh became the 13th language into which the whole Bible had been translated in 1588, through a translation by William Morgan, the bishop of Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Samuel Bogusław Chyliński (1631–1668) translated and published the first Bible translation into Lithuanian.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The Nova Vulgata is the most recent translation to Latin. On 29 November 1965, Pope Paul VI instituted the Pontifical Commission for the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, in order to prepare a new translation from Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek, to Latin. The result was the Nova Vulgata, promulgated by Pope John Paul II in 1979.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The purpose was to achieve more precision and clarity in the texts, and to remove the errors and obscure passages that were present in the version of Jerome of Stridon, known as the Vulgate.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: The Bible is the most translated book in the world. The United Bible Societies announced that as of 31 December 2007 the complete Bible was available in 438 languages, 123 of which included the deuterocanonical material as well as the Tanakh and New Testament. Either the Tanakh or the New Testament was available in an additional 1,168 languages, in some kind of translations, like the interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme translation (e.g. some Parallel Bible, with interlinear morphemic glossing).

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: As of October 2019, they estimated that around 171 million people spoke those 2,115 languages where translation work still needs to begin. In total, there are 3,969 languages without any bible translation at all, but many of these are likely to never need a Bible because they are very similar to other languages, or spoken by very few speakers.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: A variety of linguistic, philological and ideological approaches to translation have been used. Inside the Bible-translation community, these are commonly categorized as:

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: In addition to linguistic concerns, theological issues also drive Bible translations. Some translations of the Bible, produced by single churches or groups of churches, may be seen as subject to a point of view by the translation committee.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: A number of Sacred Name Bibles (e.g., the Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition) have been published that are even more rigorous in transliterating the tetragrammaton using Semitic forms to translate it in the Old Testament and also using the same Semitic forms to translate the Greek word "Theos" (God) in the New Testament—usually Yahweh, Elohim or some other variation.

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Bible translations

Context: Other translations are distinguished by smaller but distinctive doctrinal differences. For example, the Purified Translation of the Bible, by translation and explanatory footnotes, promoting the position that Christians should not drink alcohol, that New Testament references to "wine" are translated as "grape juice".

Question: 2018 వరకు బైబిలు ను ఎన్ని భాషలలో అనువదించారు?


Ethics

Context: Moral skepticism (or moral scepticism) is a class of metaethical theories in which all members entail that no one has any moral knowledge. Many moral skeptics also make the stronger, modal claim that moral knowledge is impossible. Moral skepticism is particularly against moral realism which holds the view that there are knowable and objective moral truths.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Some proponents of moral skepticism include Pyrrho, Aenesidemus, Sextus Empiricus, David Hume, Max Stirner, Friedrich Nietzsche, and J.L. Mackie.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: (a) we are never justified in believing that moral claims (claims of the form "state of affairs x is good," "action y is morally obligatory," etc.) are true and, even more so

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: (iii) since we are not justified in believing any claim we have reason to deny, we are not justified in believing any moral claims.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Epistemological moral skepticism is a subclass of theory, the members of which include Pyrrhonian moral skepticism and dogmatic moral skepticism. All members of epistemological moral skepticism share two things: first, they acknowledge that we are unjustified in believing any moral claim, and second, they are agnostic on whether (i) is true (i.e. on whether all moral claims are false).

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Noncognitivism holds that we can never know that any moral claim is true because moral claims are "incapable" of being true or false (they are not truth-apt). Instead, moral claims are imperatives (e.g. "Don't steal babies!"), expressions of emotion (e.g. "stealing babies: Boo!"), or expressions of "pro-attitudes" ("I do not believe that babies should be stolen.")

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Ethical intuitionism (also called moral intuitionism) is a family of views in moral epistemology (and, on some definitions, metaphysics). At minimum, ethical intuitionism is the thesis that our intuitive awareness of value, or intuitive knowledge of evaluative facts, forms the foundation of our ethical knowledge.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: The view is at its core a foundationalism about moral knowledge: it is the view that some moral truths can be known non-inferentially (i.e., known without one needing to infer them from other truths one believes). Such an epistemological view implies that there are moral beliefs with propositional contents; so it implies cognitivism. As such, ethical intuitionism is to be contrasted with coherentist approaches to moral epistemology, such as those that depend on reflective equilibrium.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Throughout the philosophical literature, the term "ethical intuitionism" is frequently used with significant variation in its sense. This article's focus on foundationalism reflects the core commitments of contemporary self-identified ethical intuitionists.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Sufficiently broadly defined, ethical intuitionism can be taken to encompass cognitivist forms of moral sense theory. It is usually furthermore taken as essential to ethical intuitionism that there be self-evident or "a priori" moral knowledge; this counts against considering moral sense theory to be a species of intuitionism. (See the Rational intuition versus moral sense section of this article for further discussion.)

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Ethical intuitionism was first clearly shown in use by the philosopher Francis Hutcheson. Later ethical intuitionists of influence and note include Henry Sidgwick, G.E. Moore, Harold Arthur Prichard, C.S. Lewis and, most influentially, Robert Audi.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Hedonism posits that the principal ethic is maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. There are several schools of Hedonist thought ranging from those advocating the indulgence of even momentary desires to those teaching a pursuit of spiritual bliss. In their consideration of consequences, they range from those advocating self-gratification regardless of the pain and expense to others, to those stating that the most ethical pursuit maximizes pleasure and happiness for the most people.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Founded by Aristippus of Cyrene, Cyrenaics supported immediate gratification or pleasure. "Eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we die." Even fleeting desires should be indulged, for fear the opportunity should be forever lost. There was little to no concern with the future, the present dominating in the pursuit of immediate pleasure. Cyrenaic hedonism encouraged the pursuit of enjoyment and indulgence without hesitation, believing pleasure to be the only good.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Consequentialism refers to moral theories that hold the consequences of a particular action form the basis for any valid moral judgment about that action (or create a structure for judgment, see rule consequentialism). Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, morally right action is one that produces a good outcome, or consequence. This view is often expressed as the aphorism "The ends justify the means".

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: The term "consequentialism" was coined by G.E.M. Anscombe in her essay "Modern Moral Philosophy" in 1958, to describe what she saw as the central error of certain moral theories, such as those propounded by Mill and Sidgwick. Since then, the term has become common in English-language ethical theory.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: The defining feature of consequentialist moral theories is the weight given to the consequences in evaluating the rightness and wrongness of actions. In consequentialist theories, the consequences of an action or rule generally outweigh other considerations. Apart from this basic outline, there is little else that can be unequivocally said about consequentialism as such. However, there are some questions that many consequentialist theories address:

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Kant argued that the only absolutely good thing is a good will, and so the single determining factor of whether an action is morally right is the will, or motive of the person doing it. If they are acting on a bad maxim, e.g. "I will lie", then their action is wrong, even if some good consequences come of it.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: In his essay, "On a Supposed Right to Lie Because of Philanthropic Concerns", arguing against the position of

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: One thing that clearly distinguishes Kantian deontologism from divine command deontology is that Kantianism maintains that man, as a rational being, makes the moral law universal, whereas divine command maintains that God makes the moral law universal.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Starting from the premise that the goal of ethical philosophy should be to help humans adapt and thrive in evolutionary terms, Kropotkin's ethical framework uses biology and anthropology as a basis – in order to scientifically establish what will best enable a given social order to thrive biologically and socially – and advocates certain behavioural practices to enhance humanity's capacity for freedom and well-being, namely practices which emphasise solidarity, equality, and justice.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Hoy's post-critique model uses the term "ethical resistance". Examples of this would be an individual's resistance to consumerism in a retreat to a simpler but perhaps harder lifestyle, or an individual's resistance to a terminal illness. Hoy describes Levinas's account as "not the attempt to use power against itself, or to mobilize sectors of the population to exert their political power; the ethical resistance is instead the resistance of the powerless".

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Publication bias occurs when the publication is one-sided or "prejudiced against results". In best practice, an author should try to include information from all parties involved, or affected by the topic. If an author is prejudiced against certain results, than it can "lead to erroneous conclusions being drawn".

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Misconduct in research can occur when an experimenter falsifies results. Falsely recorded information occurs when the researcher "fakes" information or data, which was not used when conducting the actual experiment. By faking the data, the researcher can alter the results from the experiment to better fit the hypothesis they originally predicted. When conducting medical research, it is important to honor the healthcare rights of a patient by protecting their anonymity in the publication.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: "Respect for autonomy" is the principle that decision-making should allow individuals to be autonomous; they should be able to make decisions that apply to their own lives. This means that individuals should have control of their lives.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: "Justice" is the principle that decision-makers must focus on actions that are fair to those affected. Ethical decisions need to be consistent with the ethical theory. There are cases where the management has made decisions that seem to be unfair to the employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders (Solomon, 1992, pp49). Such decisions are unethical.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Ethics of nanotechnology is the study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in nanotechnology.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


Ethics

Context: Ethics of quantification is the study of the ethical issues associated to different forms of visible or invisible forms of quantification.

Question: నీతిని ఆంగ్లంలో ఏమంటారు?


List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem)

Context: Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision. Biologist and author Ruth Patrick, describing a table of high-discharge U.S. rivers, wrote that data on discharge, drainage area, and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted. "It seems," she said, "that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers, and not to place too much importance on minor (10–20%) differences in figures."

Question: అమెరికాలో ఎన్ని నదులు ప్రవహిస్తున్నాయి?


Human

Context: "Human" is a loanword of Middle English from Old French , ultimately from Latin , the adjectival form of ('man' — in the sense of humankind). The native English term "man" can refer to the species generally (a synonym for "humanity") as well as to human males. It may also refer to individuals of either sex, though this form is less common in contemporary English.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: Despite the fact that the word "animal" is colloquially used as an antonym for "human", and contrary to a common biological misconception, humans are animals. The word "person" is often used interchangeably with "human", but philosophical debate exists as to whether personhood applies to all humans or all sentient beings, and further if one can lose personhood (such as by going into a persistent vegetative state).

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: The "out of Africa" migration took place in at least two waves, the first around 130,000 to 100,000 years ago, the second (Southern Dispersal) around 70,000 to 50,000 years ago. "H. sapiens" proceeded to colonize all the continents and larger islands, arriving in Eurasia 60,000 years ago, Australia around 65,000 years ago, the Americas around 15,000 years ago, and remote islands such as Hawaii, Easter Island, Madagascar, and New Zealand between the years 300 and 1280 CE.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: Human evolution is characterized by a number of morphological, developmental, physiological, and behavioral changes that have taken place since the split between the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees. The most significant of these adaptations are obligate bipedalism, increased brain size and decreased sexual dimorphism (neoteny). The relationship between all these changes is the subject of ongoing debate.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: Humans have a far faster and more accurate throw than other animals. Humans are also among the best long-distance runners in the animal kingdom, but slower over short distances. Humans' thinner body hair and more productive sweat glands help avoid heat exhaustion while running for long distances.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: The human brain, the focal point of the central nervous system in humans, controls the peripheral nervous system. In addition to controlling "lower," involuntary, or primarily autonomic activities such as respiration and digestion, it is also the locus of "higher" order functioning such as thought, reasoning, and abstraction. These cognitive processes constitute the mind, and, along with their behavioral consequences, are studied in the field of psychology.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: Humans have a larger and more developed prefrontal cortex than other primates, the region of the brain associated with higher cognition. This has led humans to proclaim themselves to be more intelligent than any other known species. Objectively defining intelligence is difficult, with other animals adapting senses and excelling in areas that humans are unable to.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: Love most commonly refers to a feeling of strong attraction or emotional attachment. It can be impersonal (the love of an object, ideal, or strong political or spiritual connection) or interpersonal (love between humans). When in love dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and other chemicals stimulate the brain's pleasure center, leading to side effects such as increased heart rate, loss of appetite and sleep, and an intense feeling of excitement.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: While many species communicate, language is unique to humans, a defining feature of humanity, and a cultural universal. Unlike the limited systems of other animals, human language is open—an infinite number of meanings can be produced by combining a limited number of symbols. Human language also has the capacity of displacement, using words to represent things and happenings that are not presently or locally occurring but reside in the shared imagination of interlocutors.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: Humans and humanity itself are often the subject of the arts. While most art focuses on individual humans or a small group, in literature, the genre of science fiction is known for tackling issues related to humanity as a whole - for example topics such as human evolution or the future of civilization.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: Although the exact level of religiosity can be hard to measure, a majority of humans profess some variety of religious or spiritual belief. In 2015 the plurality were Christian followed by Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists. As of 2015, about 16%, or slightly under 1.2 billion humans, were irreligious, including those with no religious beliefs or no identity with any religion.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Human

Context: Human societies typically exhibit gender roles that distinguish between masculine and feminine characteristics and prescribe the range of acceptable behaviours and attitudes for their members based on their sex. The most common categorisation is a gender binary of men and women. Many societies recognise a third gender, or less commonly a fourth or fifth. In some other societies, non-binary is used as an umbrella term for a range of gender identities that are not solely male or female.

Question: సాధారణ మానవునికి ఎన్ని గంటల నిద్ర అవసరం ?


Anton Siluanov

Context: Anton Germanovich Siluanov (; born 12 April 1963) is a Russian politician and economist serving as Minister of Finance since 2011. He served as First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia from 2018 to 2020.

Question: 2011 నాటికి రష్యా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Anton Siluanov

Context: In 1985 Siluanov graduated from the Moscow Finance Institute with a degree in "Finance and credit". In 1994 he obtained a PhD degree in economics (Russian nomenclature for the degree is кандидат экономических наук).

Question: 2011 నాటికి రష్యా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Anton Siluanov

Context: From August 1985 to March 1987 Siluanov served as a senior economist for the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. From March 1987 to May 1989 he was drafted and served in the Soviet Army.

Question: 2011 నాటికి రష్యా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Anton Siluanov

Context: From May 1989 to January 1992 he was a senior economist, a department head and a chief consultant and adviser for the Ministry of Finance. In February 1992 he was appointed as Deputy Head of the Ministry of Economics and Finance of the Russian Federation. From February 1992 to October 1997 he was the Deputy Head of Budget Office and Deputy Head of Budget Department of the Russian Ministry of Finance.

Question: 2011 నాటికి రష్యా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Anton Siluanov

Context: From October 1997 to July 2003 Siluanov led macro-economic policy and banking activities at the Russian Ministry of Finance.

Question: 2011 నాటికి రష్యా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Anton Siluanov

Context: On March 22, 2001, he became a member of the Board of the Ministry of Finance. From July 2003 to May 2004 he was the Deputy Minister of Finance, and from May 2004 to December 12, 2005, he served as Director of the intergovernmental relations of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, Deputy Minister.

Question: 2011 నాటికి రష్యా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Anton Siluanov

Context: On 26 March 2014, the IMF secured an $18bn bailout fund for the provisional government of the Ukraine in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. It remains unclear whether Siluanov approved the use of Russian money for this purpose, or whether he was able to prevent this by withholding consent. Russia has a seat to itself amongst 24 on the Executive Board of the IMF, whereas its monetary contribution to the IMF is inferior to two countries who have no such seat.

Question: 2011 నాటికి రష్యా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Anton Siluanov

Context: In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 6 April 2022 the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury added Siluanov to its list of persons sanctioned pursuant to .

Question: 2011 నాటికి రష్యా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


World War II casualties

Context: The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: The source of the figures is . Erlikman, a Russian historian, notes that these figures are his estimates.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II. Martin Gilbert estimates 5.7 million (78%) of the 7.3 million Jews in German-occupied Europe were Holocaust victims. Estimates of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9 million Jews.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: The figures for the pre-war Jewish population and deaths in the table below are from "The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust". The low, high and average percentage figures for deaths of the pre-war population have been added.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: The following figures are from "The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust", the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. These figures (cited below) are based on necessarily rough estimates".

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Nazi Germany ordered, organized and condoned a substantial number of war crimes in World War II. The most notable of these is the Holocaust in which millions of Jews, Poles, and Romani were systematically murdered or died from abuse and mistreatment. Millions also died as a result of other German actions.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the "SS-Totenkopfverbände", "Einsatzgruppen" and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces represented by the "Wehrmacht" committed war crimes of their own, particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity. There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 1940–1941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. After the reoccupation by the USSR, 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 1944–45.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Reported deaths for the years 1939–1945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Deported to special settlements: (figures are for deportations to Special Settlements only, not including those executed, sent to Gulag labor camps or conscripted into the Soviet Army. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war).

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Deported from annexed territories 1940–41 380,000 to 390,000 persons, including: Poland 309–312,000; Lithuania 17,500; Latvia 17,000; Estonia 6,000; Moldova 22,842. In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Deported during the War 1941–1945 about 2.3 million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000; Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: A total of 2,230,500 persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 1941–1948.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069). However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3 million.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: The following notes summarize German casualties, the details are presented in German casualties in World War II.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: <poem>*(1945–47) The United States Strategic Bombing Survey gave three different figures for German air raid deaths.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: 2- The section "Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy" of October 31, 1945 put the losses at 375,000 killed and 625,000 wounded.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: German government figures of 2.0 to 2.5 million civilian deaths due to expulsions have been disputed by scholars since the publication of the results of the German church search service survey and the report by the German Federal Archive.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Missing and presumed dead(including POWs) were 131,419 (111,579 pre-armistice, 19,840 post armistice)

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Losses by branch of service: Army 201,405; Navy 22,034; Air Force 9,096; Colonial Forces 354; Chaplains 91; Fascist militia

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice);

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Germany 25,430 (24,020 post armistice); Greece, Albania, and Yugoslavia 49,459 (10,090 post armistice);

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: USSR 82,079 (3,522 post armistice); Africa 22,341 (1,565 post armistice), at sea 28,438 (5,526 post armistice);

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Overall, perhaps two thirds of all Japanese military dead came not from combat, but from starvation and disease. In some cases this figure was potentially even higher, up to 80% in the Philippines and a staggering 97% in New Guinea.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: 1-Summary Report (July 1946) Total civilian casualties in Japan, as a result of 9 months of air attack, including those from the atomic bombs, were approximately 806,000. Of these, approximately 330,000 were fatalities.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: 2-United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division (1947) The bombing of Japan killed 333,000 civilians and injured 473,000. Of this total 120,000 died and 160,000 were injured in the atomic bombings, leaving 213,000 dead and 313,000 injured by conventional bombing.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: 3-The effects of air attack on Japanese urban economy. Summary report (1947) Estimated that 252,769 Japanese were killed and 298,650 injured in the air war.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: 4-The Effects of strategic bombing on Japanese morale Based on a survey of Japanese households the death toll was put at 900,000 dead and 1.3 million injured, the SBS noted that this figure was subject to a maximum sampling error of 30%.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Malta 1,493 civilians were killed and 3,734 wounded during the Siege of Malta (World War II) Maltese civilians killed during the siege are also included with U.K. civilian deaths by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Civilian deaths of 203,250 which included 1,350 Merchant seaman, 2,800 executed, 2,500 dead in Dutch concentration camps,

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: 20,400 killed by acts of war, 104,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, 18,000 political prisoners in Germany, 27,000 workers in Germany,

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: 3,700 Dutch nationals in the German armed forces and 7,500 missing and presumed dead in Germany and 16,000 deaths

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: in the Dutch famine of 1944. Not Included in the figure of 210,000 war dead are 70,000 "indirect war casualties",

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: which are attributed to an increase in natural deaths from 1940–1945 and 1,650 foreign nationals killed while serving in the

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Civilians 7,500 (3,600 Merchant seaman, 1,500 resistance fighters, 1,800 civilians killed and 600 Jews killed)

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: The following notes summarize Soviet casualties, the details are presented in World War II casualties of the Soviet Union.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: Total war dead of 357,116; Navy (50,758); Army (144,079); Air Force (69,606); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (624);

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: The total still missing on 2/28/1946 were 6,244; Navy (340); Army (2,267); Air Force (3,089); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (18);

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: There were an additional 31,271 military deaths due to "natural causes" which are not included in these figures.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: A. Military operations between the occupying German military forces and their "Quislings and collaborators" against the Yugoslav resistance.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: B. German forces, under express orders from Hitler, fought with a special vengeance against the Serbs, who were considered Untermensch. One of the worst one-day massacres during the German military occupation of Serbia was the Kragujevac massacre.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: C. Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants. All sides practiced the shooting of hostages on a large scale. At the end of the war, many Ustaše and Slovene collaborators were killed in or as a result of the Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: The USHMM reports between 77,000 and 99,000 persons were killed at the Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška concentration camps. The Jasenovac Memorial Site quotes a similar figure of between 80,000 and 100,000 victims. Stara Gradiška was a sub-camp of Jasenovac established for women and children. The names and data for 12,790 victims at Stara Gradiška have been established. Serbian sources currently claim that 700,000 persons were murdered at Jasenovac.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: F. Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties. The hardest hit localities were Podgorica, Leskovac, Zadar and Belgrade.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


World War II casualties

Context: G. The demographic losses due to the reduction of 335,000 births and emigration of about 660,000 are not included with war casualties.

Question: రెండవ ప్రపంచయుద్ధంలో సగటుగా ఎంతమంది చనిపోయారు?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: In early September 1947, Gandhi moved to Delhi to help stem the violent rioting there and in the neighboring province of East Punjab. The rioting had come in the wake of the partition of the British Indian empire, which had accompanied the creation of the new independent dominions of India and Pakistan, and involved large, chaotic transfers of population between them.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: According to several reports, while the attending crowd was still in shock, Gandhi's assassin Godse was seized by Herbert Reiner Jr, a 32-year-old, newly arrived vice-consul at the American embassy in Delhi. According to an obituary for Reiner published in May 2000 by "The Los Angeles Times", Reiner's role was reported on the front pages of newspapers around the world,

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: Robert Trumbull of "The New York Times", who was an eyewitness, described Reiner's action in a front-page story on January31, 1948, Reiner too had noticed a man in khaki step into the path leading to the dais, but his further view was occluded by a party of associates following Gandhi. He soon heard sounds, though, which in his words were "not loud, not ringing, and not unlike the reports of damp firecrackers ..." and which for a moment made him wonder if some sort of celebration was underway.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: According to some accounts, Gandhi died on the spot. In other accounts, such as one prepared by an eyewitness journalist, Gandhi was carried back into the Birla House, into a bedroom, where he died about 30minutes later as one of Gandhi's family members read verses from Hindu scriptures.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: During the subsequent trial, and in various witness accounts and books written since, the motivation of Godse has been summarized, speculated about and debated. Godse did not deny killing Gandhi, and made a long statement explaining his motivations for the assassination of Gandhi. Some of these motivations were:

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: The assassination was investigated, and many additional people were arrested, charged and tried in a lower court. The case and its appeal attracted considerable media attention, but Godse's statement in his defense to the court was banned immediately by the Indian government. Those convicted were either executed or served their complete sentences.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: Along with Nathuram Godse many other accomplices were arrested. They were all identified as prominent members of the Hindu Mahasabha – a nationalist organization.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: Along with Godse and accomplices, police arrested the 65-year-old Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, who they accused of being the mastermind behind the plot.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: The appeal by the convicted men was heard from 2 May 1949, at Peterhoff, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) which then housed the Punjab High Court. The High Court confirmed the findings and sentences of the lower court except in the cases of Dattatraya Parchure and Shankar Kistayya who were acquitted of all charges.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: G.D. Khosla, one of the judges who heard the assassination proceedings, later wrote of the Godse statement and the reception of his reasons for assassinating Gandhi by the audience in the court:

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: Gandhi's death was mourned around the world. Field Marshal Jan Smuts, former prime minister of South Africa, and once Gandhi's adversary, said,

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: The British prime minister Clement Attlee said in a radio address to the nation on the night of January 30, 1948:

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: "The New York Times" in its editorial wrote:Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Governor general and founder of Pakistan, had his differences with Gandhi. But on the day of Gandhi's assassination, he said:Over two million people joined the five-mile long funeral procession that took over five hours to reach Raj Ghat from Birla House, where he had been assassinated. Gandhi was cremated in a funeral pyre.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: Gandhi's assassination dramatically changed the political landscape. Nehru became his political heir. According to Markovits, while Gandhi was alive, Pakistan's declaration that it was a "Muslim state" had led Indian groups to demand that India be declared a "Hindu state". Nehru linked Gandhi's assassination to the politics of hatred and ill-will.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

Context: For years after the assassination, states Markovits, "Gandhi's shadow loomed large over the political life of the new Indian Republic". The government quelled any opposition to its economic and social policies, despite this being contrary to Gandhi's ideas, by reconstructing Gandhi's image and ideals.

Question: గాంధీజీని చంపిన వ్యక్తి పేరేమిటి?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Indian Army during World War II, a British force also referred to as the British Indian Army, began the war, in 1939, numbering just under 200,000 men. By the end of the war, it had become the largest volunteer army in history, rising to over 2.5 million men in August 1945. Serving in divisions of infantry, armour and a fledgling airborne force, they fought on three continents in Africa, Europe and Asia.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: In 1939, British officials had no plan for expansion and training of Indian forces, which comprised about 130,000 men (in addition, there were 44,000 men in British units in India in 1939). Their mission was internal security and defence against a possible Russian threat through Afghanistan. As the war progressed, the size and role of the Indian Army expanded dramatically, and troops were sent to battle fronts as soon as possible. The most serious problem was lack of equipment.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: But, by 1939, further reductions had reduced the Indian Army to 18 cavalry regiments and 96 infantry battalions, in total 194,373 men including 34,155 non-combatants. They could also call upon 15,000 men from the Frontier Irregular Force, 22,000 men from the Auxiliary Force (India), consisting of European and Anglo-Indian volunteers, 19,000 from the Indian Territorial Force, and 53,000 from the Indian State forces.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Indian Army started World War II underprepared and short of modern weapons and equipment. It had not expected to be involved in any hostilities and had been advised after the outbreak of war in Europe, by the British government, that it was unlikely to be required at all. So, it was with some surprise when the 4th Infantry and 5th Infantry divisions were requested to serve in the North African and East African Campaigns and four mule companies to join the British Expeditionary Force in France.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: In March 1941, the British Indian government revised the defence plan for India. Concerned with what the Japanese were planning and the requirement to replace the divisions sent overseas, seven new armoured regiments and 50 new infantry battalions were needed for five new infantry divisions that were formed: the 14th, 17th, 19th, 20th, 34th and the two armoured formations 32nd Indian Armoured Division and 50th Indian Tank Brigade.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: With the fall of Singapore in 1942, about 40,000 Indian soldiers were captured. They were given a choice; 30,000 joined the Indian National Army. Those who refused became POWs and were mostly shipped to New Guinea.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: After the perceived poor performance in battles in Malaya and Burma in 1942, it was decided that the existing infantry divisions were over–mechanised. To counter this, the 17th and 39th divisions were selected to become light divisions, of only two brigades which would rely more on animal and four-wheel-drive transport.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: By December 1942, agreement was reached that India should become the base for offensive operations. Support should be in place for 34 divisions, which would include two British, one West African, one East African and eleven Indian divisions, and what was left of the Burma Army.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The plans for 1943 included the formation of another infantry division, an airborne division and a heavy armoured brigade. Only the 44th Indian Armoured Division was formed, by amalgamating the 32nd and 43rd Armoured divisions. There was a change to the establishment of infantry divisions, which received two extra infantry battalions as divisional troops.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: A committee was set up in 1943 to report on the readiness of the army and suggest improvements. Its recommendations were:

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The planned 44th Indian Airborne Division was finally formed from the 44th Armoured Division, leaving the 31st Armoured as the only armoured division in the army. The infantry division formation was changed again; it was now standardised as three infantry brigades plus three infantry battalions assigned as divisional troops.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The success of the 116th Brigade in training for jungle warfare was recognised. From May 1944, 116th Brigade trained units destined for the Fourteenth Army and 150th Brigade, which was converted from the Risalpur Training Brigade, trained units destined for the Southern Army. The 155th Indian Infantry Brigade was formed to provide training for units destined for the western theatres of war.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: Infantry divisions consisted of three infantry brigades, of three infantry battalions. Usually, one battalion in each brigade was British and two were Indian or Gurkha. Four brigades were raised consisting entirely of Gurkha battalions. Later in the war, as British infantry reinforcements became more scarce, particularly in the South East Asian Theatre, British battalions in brigades fighting in Burma were replaced by Indian units.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The 50th Independent Indian Parachute Brigade was formed on 29 October 1941, with the British 151st Parachute Battalion, 152nd Indian Parachute Battalion and 153rd Gurkha Parachute Battalion, a medium machine gun company and a medium mortar detachment. The 151st Battalion was later renumbered as the 156th Battalion and returned to Britain and another Gurkha battalion (154th) was formed, but had not joined the brigade when it was heavily involved in the Battle of Sangshak in March 1944.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Indian Engineers were a part of every division in the army. The engineers corps started the war with two army troops companies, 11 Field Companies and one field park company. Expansion during the war took the totals of engineers to; five army troops companies, 67 Field companies, six independent field squadrons, 20 field park companies and two independent field park squadrons.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The armies of the Indian States or Princely states provided a further 250,000 men during the war. They contributed five cavalry regiments and 36 infantry battalions, and between them they had 16 infantry battalions plus signal, transport and pioneers companies away on active service. One of their men, Captain Mahmood Khan Durrani, was awarded the George Cross while in Japanese captivity.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Chindits were disbanded in February 1945. Several of the brigade headquarters and many of the veterans of the Chindit operations were reformed and merged into 44th Airborne Division, while the force headquarters and signals units formed the core of XXXIV Indian Corps.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Eighth Army was formed from the Western Desert Force in September 1941, under the command of Lieutenant General Sir Alan Cunningham. Over time, the Eighth Army would be commanded by Generals Neil Ritchie, Claude Auchinleck and Bernard Montgomery. In the early years of the war, the Eighth Army suffered from poor leadership and repeated reversals of fortune until the Second Battle of El Alamein when it advanced across Libya into Tunisia.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Ninth Army was formed on 1 November 1941 with the re-designation of the Headquarters of the British Troops in Mandate Palestine and Transjordan. It controlled British and Commonwealth land forces stationed in the eastern Mediterranean. Its commanders were General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson and Lieutenant-General Sir William George Holmes.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Tenth Army was formed in Iraq and from the major part of Paiforce after the Anglo-Iraqi War. It was active in 1942–1943, under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Quinan, and consisted of the III Corps and the XXI Indian Corps. Its main task was the maintenance of the lines of communication to the Soviet Union from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian and the protection of the South Persian and Iraqi oilfields that supplied Britain with all its non American sourced oil.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Twelfth Army was reformed in May 1945, to take control of operations in Burma from the Fourteenth Army. The army Headquarters was created by re-designating the Headquarters of the XXXIII Indian Corps, under Lieutenant-General Sir Montagu Stopford.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Eastern Army was formed from Eastern Command in 1942. It served as the rear area command for the Twelfth and Fourteenth Armies:

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: units being rested or reforming would be posted to this command, as would newly-formed or newly-posted units, being prepared for active service. It provided the training bases and depots, the equipment stores and the lines of communication (LOC) to headquarters. In addition, it provided force protection for the front-line forces, cushioning them from any domestic unrest and from any enemy attack from the rear. Its Commanders-in-Chief included Broad, Irwin and Giffard.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Southern Army was formed from Southern Command in 1942, and disbanded in August 1945. Mostly a British formation used on internal security and for units out of the front line. The 19th Indian Infantry Division was one of its units from 1942 to 1944.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The North Western Army was formed from North Western Command in April 1942, formed to guard the North West Frontier it controlled the Kohat, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Baluchistan and Waziristan Districts.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: Just before the declaration of war, one Indian infantry brigade was sent to reinforce the British garrison in Egypt. In October 1939, a second brigade was sent; they were grouped together as the 4th Indian Infantry Division. By March 1940, two additional brigades and a divisional headquarters had been sent to Egypt; these became the 5th Indian Infantry Division.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: Operation Compass (4th Indian and 7th Armoured Division) was the first major Allied military operation of the Western Desert Campaign during the Second World War. It resulted in British and Commonwealth forces pushing across a great stretch of Libya and capturing almost all of Cyrenaica, 115,000 Italian soldiers, hundreds of tanks and artillery pieces and more than 1,100 aircraft with very few casualties of their own.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Allies' success against the Italians forced the Germans to reinforce North Africa. The Afrika Corps commanded by Erwin Rommel attacked in March 1941. The 3rd Indian Motor Brigade, fought a delaying battle at Meikili on 6 April, which allowed the 9th Australian Division to safely withdraw to Tobruk.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: 4th Division left the desert for Cyprus and Syria in April 1942. By May 1942, their 11th Brigade had returned attached to the 5th Indian fighting south of Tobruk. Their 5th Brigade returned in June 1942, and fought at Mersa Matruh. The 10th Indian Infantry Division arrived from Syria, in time to take part in the Battle of Gazala May–June 1942, then held the Axis forces for 72 hours, in the First Battle of El Alamein permitting Eighth Army to safely withdraw.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: HQ 4th Division returned for the Second Battle of El Alamein, holding Ruweisat Ridge at the centre of the Eighth Army's line, made a mock attack and two small raids intended to deflect attention to the centre of the front.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: Operation Pugilist (4th Indian, 2nd New Zealand and 50th Northumbrian divisions) was an operation in the Tunisian Campaign The object of was to destroy the Axis forces in the Mareth Line, and to capture Sfax. Pugilist itself was indecisive and failed to make a decisive breakthrough. It did, however, establish an alternative route of attack and thus laid the ground for Supercharge II, an outflanking manoeuvre via the Tebaga Gap.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: In December 1940, the 4th Indian Infantry Division was rushed from Egypt to join the 5th Indian Infantry Division in the Sudan. From February to April 1941, the Indian 4th and 5th Infantry Divisions took part in the Battle of Keren, By the end of the campaign, the Italian forces had been cleared from Eritrea and Abyssinia 220,000 of them becoming prisoners of war.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: After hostilities had ended, the 2nd Indian Infantry Division, 6th Indian Infantry Division and 12th Indian Infantry Division all remained in the region on internal security duties.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Indian Army supplied the 5th brigade, 4th Indian Infantry Division which attacked from the south with the Australian I Corps and the 10th Indian Infantry Division which also had the 17th Indian Infantry Brigade, 8th Indian Infantry Division under command was part of Iraqforce attack northern and central Syria from the east. 5th Brigade took part in the Battle of Kissoué and the Battle of Damascus, June 1941, and 10th Division the Battle of Deir ez-Zor in July.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Japanese Army attacked Hong Kong on 8 December 1941, less than eight hours after their attack on Pearl Harbor. The garrison comprised British, Indian and Canadian battalions plus local Hong Kong Chinese reservists. The Indian Army troops were the 5/7th Rajput Regiment and the 2/14th Punjab Regiment. The garrison held out for 18 days before being forced to surrender.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: As in Egypt, the Indian Army dispatched one infantry brigade to Malaya just before the start of the war. By 1941, all training and equipment was geared to fight in North Africa and the Middle East and the forces in Burma and Malaya had been depleted to supply reinforcements to the forces in the west.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Battle of Singapore 31 January – 15 February ended with the capture of 9th and 11th Indian Divisions and the 12th, 44th and 45th brigades and 55,000 Indian servicemen were made prisoners of war.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: During the battle for Singapore, Indian units fought in the Battle of Bukit Timah and the Battle of Pasir Panjang.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: Operation Tiderace (5th Indian Infantry Division) commenced when troops set sail from Trincomalee and Rangoon on 21 August for Singapore. The fleet arrived in Singapore on 4 September 1945, and Japanese forces in Singapore officially surrendered to Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander South East Asia Command on 12 September 1945.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: At the same time, the 9th Division was sent to reinforce Malaya, in the spring of 1941, an infantry brigade was sent to reinforce Burma followed by a second brigade later in the year. On 8 December, the Japanese Army invaded Burma from Siam. Withdrawing to India, the last British and Indian escaped from Burma in July 1942.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Battle of Imphal and the Battle of Sangshak (17th, 20th, 23rd Indian Divisions, 50th Indian Parachute Brigade and 254th Indian Tank Brigade) took place in the region around the city of Imphal, the capital of the state of Manipur in North-East India from March until July 1944. Japanese army and the Indian National Army attempted to destroy the Allied forces at Imphal and invade India, but were driven back into Burma with heavy losses.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: Operation Dracula and the Battle of Elephant Point (5th, 17th Infantry, and 44th Indian Airborne Division 2nd, 36th British Division and 255th Tank Brigade) was the name given to an airborne and amphibious attack on Rangoon by British and Indian forces. When it was launched, the Imperial Japanese Army had already abandoned the city.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: Indian Army units formed part of the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in occupied Japan. BCOF was responsible for supervising demilitarisation and the disposal of Japan's war industries, as well as the occupation of the western prefectures of Shimane, Yamaguchi, Tottori, Okayama, Hiroshima and Shikoku Island.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: Probably the most unusual posting of any unit of the Indian Army during World War II was in 1940, when four mule companies of the Indian Army Service Corps joined the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France. They were evacuated from Dunkirk with the rest of the BEF in May 1940, and were still stationed in England in July 1942.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The Allies landed in Italy on 9 September 1943. The 4th, 8th and 10th Indian Divisions and the 43rd Independent Gurkha Infantry Brigade were all involved during the campaign

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: In October 1943, the 8th Indian Division fighting on the Adriatic front reached the Barbara Line which was breached in early November. The 8th Division led the assault on the German defensive Bernhardt Line, crossed the Sangro River and advanced to just short of Pescara where Eighth Army halted to wait for better weather in the spring.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The 4th Indian Division took part in the second battle of Monte Cassino, In the final fourth battle of Monte Cassino on 11 May, on the Eighth Army front, XIII Corps had made two strongly opposed night crossings of the Rapido by the British 4th Division and 8th Indian Infantry Division. By 18 May, the Germans had withdrawn to their next line.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: In the 1945 spring offensive, the critical role of getting across the Senio, honeycombed with defensive tunnels and bunkers front and rear, was given to the 8th Indian Division, reprising the role they played crossing the Rapido in the final Battle of Monte Cassino. On 29 April 1945, the Germans signed an instrument of surrender; hostilities in Italy formally ceased on 2 May.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: On 3 December, the ELAS members of the Greek Government resigned. A general strike was declared, and police opened fire on demonstrators. In Italy, the 4th and 46th British Infantry Divisions were ordered to leave for Greece. On 15 January, a truce had been concluded in Athens, by the terms of which ELAS undertook to withdraw from the capital and Salonika and to occupy rural concentration areas. Except for isolated incidents, this truce ended operations in Greece.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: Indian personnel received 4,000 awards for gallantry, and 31 Victoria Crosses. The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest military decoration, which is, or has been, awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of the armed forces of the Commonwealth countries, and previous British Empire territories. The Victoria Cross is awarded for

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: During the pursuit of the enemy following the capture of Metemma on the night 31 January – 1 February 1941, for his persistence (over a period of 96 hours working from dawn to dusk) and gallantry, in personally supervising the clearing of 15 minefields.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: On 7 February 1941, at Keren, Eritrea, Richhpal Ram led a successful attack on the enemy and subsequently repelled six counter-attacks and then, without a shot left, brought the few survivors of his company back. Five days later, when leading another attack, his right foot was blown off, but he continued to encourage his men until he died.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: On the night of 19–20 April 1943, at Djebel Garci, Tunisia, despite being wounded took command of the company, leading them in hand-to-hand fighting. Wounded again, he continued rallying his men until he died.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Indian Army during World War II

Context: The George Cross (GC) is the counterpart of the Victoria Cross and the highest gallantry award for civilians as well as for military personnel in actions which are not in the face of the enemy, or for which purely military honours would not normally be granted.

Question: బ్రిటిష్ పాలనలో సగటున ఎంతమంది భారతీయులు మరణించారు?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The atmosphere of Earth, commonly known as air, is the layer of gases retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation).

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air composition, temperature, and atmospheric pressure vary with altitude. Within the atmosphere, air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals is found only in Earth's troposphere.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Earth's early atmosphere consisted of gases in the solar nebula, primarily hydrogen. The atmosphere changed significantly over time, affected by many factors such as volcanism, life, and weathering. Recently, human activity has also contributed to atmospheric changes, such as global warming, ozone depletion and acid deposition.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The study of Earth's atmosphere and its processes is called atmospheric science (aerology), and includes multiple subfields, such as climatology and atmospheric physics. Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and Richard Assmann. The study of historic atmosphere is called paleoclimatology.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The average molecular weight of dry air, which can be used to calculate densities or to convert between mole fraction and mass fraction, is about 28.946 or 28.96 g/mol. This is decreased when the air is humid.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The exosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere (i.e. the upper limit of the atmosphere). It extends from the thermopause, at the top of the thermosphere at an altitude of about 700 km above sea level, to about 10,000 km (6,200 mi; 33,000,000 ft), where it merges into the solar wind.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The exosphere is too far above Earth for meteorological phenomena to be possible. However, Earth's auroras—the aurora borealis (northern lights) and aurora australis (southern lights)—sometimes occur in the lower part of the exosphere, where they overlap into the thermosphere. The exosphere contains many of the artificial satellites that orbit Earth.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The thermosphere is the second-highest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends from the mesopause (which separates it from the mesosphere) at an altitude of about up to the thermopause at an altitude range of . The height of the thermopause varies considerably due to changes in solar activity. Because the thermopause lies at the lower boundary of the exosphere, it is also referred to as the exobase. The lower part of the thermosphere, from above Earth's surface, contains the ionosphere.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: This layer is completely cloudless and free of water vapor. However, non-hydrometeorological phenomena such as the aurora borealis and aurora australis are occasionally seen in the thermosphere. The International Space Station orbits in this layer, between . It is this layer where many of the satellites orbiting the earth are present.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The mesosphere is the third highest layer of Earth's atmosphere, occupying the region above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It extends from the stratopause at an altitude of about to the mesopause at above sea level.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Temperatures drop with increasing altitude to the mesopause that marks the top of this middle layer of the atmosphere. It is the coldest place on Earth and has an average temperature around .

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The stratosphere is the second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It lies above the troposphere and is separated from it by the tropopause. This layer extends from the top of the troposphere at roughly above Earth's surface to the stratopause at an altitude of about .

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends from Earth's surface to an average height of about , although this altitude varies from about at the geographic poles to at the Equator, with some variation due to weather. The troposphere is bounded above by the tropopause, a boundary marked in most places by a temperature inversion (i.e. a layer of relatively warm air above a colder one), and in others by a zone that is isothermal with height.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Within the five principal layers above, which are largely determined by temperature, several secondary layers may be distinguished by other properties:

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: If the entire mass of the atmosphere had a uniform density equal to sea level density (about 1.2 kg per m3) from sea level upwards, it would terminate abruptly at an altitude of .

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Air pressure actually decreases exponentially with altitude, dropping by half every or by a factor of 1/e (0.368) every , (this is called the scale height) -- for altitudes out to around . However, the atmosphere is more accurately modeled with a customized equation for each layer that takes gradients of temperature, molecular composition, solar radiation and gravity into account. At heights over 100 km, an atmosphere may no longer be well mixed. Then each chemical species has its own scale height.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: commercial airliners typically cruise between where the lower density and temperature of the air improve fuel economy; weather balloons reach and above; and the highest X-15 flight in 1963 reached .

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Because in an ideal gas of constant composition the speed of sound depends only on temperature and not on pressure or density, the speed of sound in the atmosphere with altitude takes on the form of the complicated temperature profile (see illustration to the right), and does not mirror altitudinal changes in density or pressure.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The density of air at sea level is about 1.2 kg/m3 (1.2 g/L, 0.0012 g/cm3). Density is not measured directly but is calculated from measurements of temperature, pressure and humidity using the equation of state for air (a form of the ideal gas law). Atmospheric density decreases as the altitude increases. This variation can be approximately modeled using the barometric formula. More sophisticated models are used to predict the orbital decay of satellites.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The average mass of the atmosphere is about 5 quadrillion (5) tonnes or 1/1,200,000 the mass of Earth. According to the American National Center for Atmospheric Research, "The total mean mass of the atmosphere is 5.1480 kg with an annual range due to water vapor of 1.2 or 1.5 kg, depending on whether surface pressure or water vapor data are used; somewhat smaller than the previous estimate. The mean mass of water vapor is estimated as 1.27 kg and the dry air mass as 5.1352 ±0.0003 kg."

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Solar radiation (or sunlight) is the energy Earth receives from the Sun. Earth also emits radiation back into space, but at longer wavelengths that humans cannot see. Part of the incoming and emitted radiation is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere. In May 2017, glints of light, seen as twinkling from an orbiting satellite a million miles away, were found to be reflected light from ice crystals in the atmosphere.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Different molecules absorb different wavelengths of radiation. For example, O2 and O3 absorb almost all radiation with wavelengths shorter than 300 nanometers. Water (H2O) absorbs at many wavelengths above 700 nm. When a molecule absorbs a photon, it increases the energy of the molecule. This heats the atmosphere, but the atmosphere also cools by emitting radiation, as discussed below.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Because of its temperature, the atmosphere emits infrared radiation. For example, on clear nights Earth's surface cools down faster than on cloudy nights. This is because clouds (H2O) are strong absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation. This is also why it becomes colder at night at higher elevations.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The greenhouse effect is directly related to this absorption and emission effect. Some gases in the atmosphere absorb and emit infrared radiation, but do not interact with sunlight in the visible spectrum. Common examples of these are and H2O.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The refractive index of air is close to, but just greater than 1. Systematic variations in the refractive index can lead to the bending of light rays over long optical paths. One example is that, under some circumstances, observers onboard ships can see other vessels just over the horizon because light is refracted in the same direction as the curvature of Earth's surface.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The refractive index of air depends on temperature, giving rise to refraction effects when the temperature gradient is large. An example of such effects is the mirage.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: "Atmospheric circulation" is the large-scale movement of air through the troposphere, and the means (with ocean circulation) by which heat is distributed around Earth. The large-scale structure of the atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the basic structure remains fairly constant because it is determined by Earth's rotation rate and the difference in solar radiation between the equator and poles.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The first atmosphere consisted of gases in the solar nebula, primarily hydrogen. There were probably simple hydrides such as those now found in the gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), notably water vapor, methane and ammonia.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Ancient sediments in the Gabon dating from between about 2.15 and 2.08 billion years ago provide a record of Earth's dynamic oxygenation evolution. These fluctuations in oxygenation were likely driven by the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: The constant re-arrangement of continents by plate tectonics influences the long-term evolution of the atmosphere by transferring carbon dioxide to and from large continental carbonate stores. Free oxygen did not exist in the atmosphere until about 2.4 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event and its appearance is indicated by the end of the banded iron formations.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to organisms. Stratospheric ozone depletion is caused by air pollution, chiefly from chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: Since 1750, human activity has increased the concentrations various greenhouse gases, most importantly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. This increase has caused an observed rise in global temperatures. Global average surface temperatures were higher in the 2011-2020 decade than they were in 1850.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Atmosphere of Earth

Context: On October 19, 2015, NASA started a website containing daily images of the full sunlit side of Earth at https://epic.gsfc.nasa.gov/. The images are taken from the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) and show Earth as it rotates during a day.

Question: పర్యావరణంలో ఎక్కువగా ఉండే వాయువు ఏది ?


Naval history of World War II

Context: At the beginning of World War II, the Royal Navy was the strongest navy in the world, with the largest number of warships built and with naval bases across the globe. It had over 15 battleships and battlecruisers, 7 aircraft carriers, 66 cruisers, 164 destroyers and 66 submarines. With a massive merchant navy, about a third of the world total, it also dominated shipping. The Royal Navy fought in every theatre from the Atlantic, Mediterranean, freezing Northern routes to Russia and the Pacific ocean.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) sought naval superiority in the Pacific by sinking the main American battle fleet at Pearl Harbor, which was built around its battleships. The December 1941 surprise attack on Pearl Harbor did knock out the battle fleet, but it did not touch the aircraft carriers, which became the mainstay of the rebuilt fleet.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The U.S. Navy grew tremendously as it faced a two-front war on the seas. It achieved notable acclaim in the Pacific War, where it was instrumental to the Allies' successful "island hopping" campaign. The U.S. Navy fought five great battles with the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN): the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway, the Battle of the Philippine Sea, the Battle of Leyte Gulf, and the Battle of Okinawa.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Marshall was talking about long-range B-17 bombers based in the Philippines, which were within range of Tokyo. After Japan captured the Philippines in early 1942, American strategy refocused on a naval war focusing on the capture of islands close enough for the intensive bombing campaign Marshall spoke about. In 1944, the Navy captured Saipan and the Mariana Islands, which were within range of the new B-29 bombers.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Outgunned at sea, with its big guns lying at the bottom of Pearl Harbor, the American strategy for victory required a slow retreat or holding action against the IJN until the much greater industrial potential of the US could be mobilized to launch a fleet capable of projecting Allied power to the enemy heartland.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Guadalcanal, fought from August 1942 to February 1943, was the first major Allied offensive of the war in the Pacific Theater. This campaign saw American air, naval and ground forces (later augmented by Australians and New Zealanders) in a six months campaign slowly overwhelm determined Japanese resistance. Guadalcanal was the key to control the Solomon Islands, which both sides saw as strategically essential. Both sides won some battles but both sides were overextended in terms of supply lines.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The rival navies fought seven battles, with the two sides dividing the victories. They were: Battle of Savo Island, Battle of the Eastern Solomons, Battle of Cape Esperance, Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, Battle of Tassafaronga and Battle of Rennell Island. Both sides pulled out their aircraft carriers, as they were too vulnerable to land-based aviation.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: In preparation of the recapture of the Philippines, the Navy started the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign to retake the Gilbert and Marshall Islands from the Japanese in summer 1943. Enormous effort went into recruiting and training sailors and Marines, and building warships, warplanes and support ships in preparation for a thrust across the Pacific, and to support Army operations in the Southwest Pacific, as well as in Europe and North Africa.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Japan had now lost most of its offensive capabilities, and the U.S. had air bases on Guam, Saipan and Tinian for B-29 bombers targeted at Japan's home islands.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The Americans were supremely, and perhaps overly, confident in 1941. Pacific commander Admiral Chester W. Nimitz boasted he could beat a bigger fleet because of "...our superior personnel in resourcefulness and initiative, and the undoubted superiority of much of our equipment." As Willmott notes, it was a dangerous and ill-founded assumption. Nimitz would later make good on his boast by defeating a larger Japanese force in the Battle of Midway and turning the tide in the Pacific War.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The German fleet was involved in many operations, starting with the Invasion of Poland. Also in 1939, it sank the British aircraft carrier and the battleship , while losing the at the Battle of the River Plate.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: In April 1940, the German navy was heavily involved in the invasion of Norway, where it lost the heavy cruiser , two light cruisers, and ten destroyers. In return it sank the British aircraft carrier and some smaller ships.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?