Che Guevara

Context: On 15 October in Havana, Fidel Castro publicly acknowledged that Guevara was dead and proclaimed three days of public mourning throughout Cuba. On 18 October, Castro addressed a crowd of one million mourners in Havana's Plaza de la Revolución and spoke about Guevara's character as a revolutionary. Fidel Castro closed his impassioned eulogy thus:

Question: এর্নেস্তো চে গেভারার বাবার নাম কী ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: Members of the Alawite community and non-Alawites loyal to Assad virtually controlled the security, intelligence and military apparatuses. They manned or commanded about a dozen security and intelligence networks and most armoured divisions, commandos and other combat units of the Syrian Armed Forces. Assad had turned some of his intelligence networks into apparatuses for terrorism against targets in the Middle East and in Europe.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: Assad developed a state-sponsored cult of personality in order to maintain power. Because he wanted to become an Arab leader, he often represented himself as a successor to Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, having risen to power in November 1970, a few weeks after Nasser's death. He modelled his presidential system on Nasser's, hailed Nasser for his pan-Arabic leadership, and in public he displayed photographs of Nasser alongside posters of himself.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: In late 1990s, Syria's relations with EU countries, which were economically significant, continued to slowly improve and allowed the country to gain some maneuverability regarding Israel. The country's international status was also bolstered.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: Like other Arab countries, Syria worked to develop good relations with Muslim former Soviet countries. Syrian Foreign Minister Farouk al-Sharaa visited Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan with limited results. At the same time, Syria established good relations with Armenia which has to be placed in the context of Syria's demographic composition which includes a large Armenian community.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: In the 1990s, Syria maintained good relations with the United States, but several problems prevented them establishing a friendly relationship. In April 1992, Syria allowed Jews to emigrate to Israel, which was welcomed by the Bush administration. Syria also showed its commitment to the peace process and requested US to take a more active part. However, relations between the countries were still characterized by mutual distrust and differences of opinion on key issues.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: In 1980, Assad signed Syria's Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the Soviet Union.<ref name="Country Studies/68"> </ref> He continued to develop his new doctrine of Strategic Balance, which he had initiated the previous year. Aiming primarily at confronting Israel single-handedly, this doctrine engendered fresh intra-Arab policies and was directed toward consolidating Assad's domestic front, which had suffered setbacks since 1977.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: During the Islamist uprising in Syria, the Iraqi government had provided arms as well as logistical support to the Muslim Brotherhood, particularly during the 1982 Hama massacre.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: Assad also participated in the coalition formed to force Iraq from Kuwait in the 1991 Gulf War; however Syria-Iraq relations started to improve in 1997 and 1998 when Israel started to develop a strategic partnership with Turkey.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: Syria deployed troops to Lebanon in 1976 during the Lebanese Civil War as part of the Arab Deterrent Force. The military intervention had been requested by the Lebanese President Suleiman Frangieh, as Lebanese Christian fears had been greatly exacerbated by the Damour massacre. Syria responded by ending its prior affiliation with the Palestinian Rejectionist Front and began supporting the Maronite-dominated government.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: In 1976, Assad received strong criticism and pressure from across the Arab world for his involvement in the Tel al-Zaatar massacre of Palestinians - this criticism, as well as the internal dissent it caused as an Alawite ruler in a majority Sunni country, led to a cease-fire in his war on the Palestinian militia forces inside Lebanon.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: In a 1976 diplomatic cable released by WikiLeaks, a US diplomat stated "if I got nothing else from my meeting with Frangie, Chamoun and Gemayel, it is their clear, unequivocal and unmistakable belief that their principal hope for saving Christian necks is Syria. They sound like Assad is the latest incarnation of the Crusaders."

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Context: The Syrian occupation ended in 2005, due to UN resolution 1559, after the Rafiq Hariri assassination and the 14 March protests.

Question: সিরীয় রাষ্ট্রপতি হাফেজ আল-আসাদ কোন সালে রাষ্ট্রপতির পদ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করেন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: With a doctorate in soil science, Ahmed became a full professor at the University of Dhaka and chairman of the department. Beginning in 1991, he started accepting appointments to public positions, as chairman of the Public Service Commission (1991 to 1993) and of the University Grants Commission (1995 to 1999). In 2002 he won election as president. In 2004 he helped establish the private university, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology (ADUST).

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Ahmed obtained his BSc and MS at the University of Dhaka in 1952 and 1954, respectively. He later received his MS and PhD degrees in 1958 and 1962, respectively, from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the United States.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Returning to the University of Dhaka, Ahmed joined the faculty as an assistant professor in the Department of Soil Science. He moved up in the ranks until he became a full professor in the department. He held the posts at the university of chairman of the Soil Science Department of Dhaka University and dean of the Faculty of Biological Science, Dhaka University. He was also provost of Salimullah Muslim Hall.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Ahmed is credited with developing a process that preserved nutrients in soil and later released them according to the needs of the vegetation. In 1984, Professor Ahmed was a visiting professor at Cornell University in the United States and the German Technical University and University of Göttingen in Germany.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Ahmed was an adviser in the caretaker government in 1991. He was also chairman of the Public Service Commission from 1991 to 1993. He served as chairman of the University Grants Commission from 1995 to 1999.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: During the 1990s Professor Ahmed was the president of the Federation of University Teachers Association in Bangladesh (FUTA). He led the anti-autocratic movement.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Ahmed became President of Bangladesh in 2002 after becoming the only candidate to register for presidential elections. By that time, the position of prime minister was considered the top political role in the Bangladesh government.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: During his presidency, Ahmed directed the writing and publication of two books about the nation, "Hundred Years of Bangabhaban" and "Bangabhabaner Shatabarsha." These were published in 2006 by Bangabhaban's press wing, under the initiative of his advisor, Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: According to the constitution, the immediate past Chief Justice is appointed as Chief Advisor during a caretaker government. After Justice KM Hasan declined the position, reportedly because of ill health, five other men were considered for the position.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Sheikh Hasina of the Awami League and her allies demanded Ahmed's resignation, but he declined. At first the Awami League and its allies announced they would boycott the planned election because of BNP influence.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: The President's advisor, Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury, met with Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia in an attempt to convince both parties to take part in the election. Finally on 23 December they both agreed to participate in the 22 January 2007 polls. At the last minute, on 3 January, Awami League and its allies withdrew from the election, jeopardising the country's stability. The European Union and UN withdrew its election overseers, saying AL's actions made a fair election impossible.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Iajuddin Ahmed's term as president was due to end on 5 September 2007. The government announced at that time that he would remain in office until after the national election (planned by then to be held by late 2008). This was to elect new members of parliament, who would elect a president.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: The Awami League and its Grand Alliance won two-thirds of the seats in parliament. It formed a government in 2009, headed by Sheikh Hasina as prime minister. Ahmed left office on 12 February 2009, after Zillur Rahman, an Awami League leader, was sworn in to succeed him as President of Bangladesh.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Ahmed and his second wife, Anwara Begum, adopted a son, Imtiaz Ahmed Babu. Ahmed also has children from his first marriage: Susan and Adam. He has a total of four grandchildren: Aurora, Beryl, Adam and Arin.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Imtiaz Babu was arrested on 9 January 2012 on assault charges, for having attacked the registrar at the Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology (ADUST), a private university founded by his father. Babu is on the trustee board of ADUST.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Ahmed had additional heart surgery on 28 October 2012. After developing kidney-related complications, he spent more than a month on life support before dying on 10 December 2012 at Bumrungrad International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Statements of mourning were issued by President Zillur Rahman, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, Leader of the Opposition Khaleda Zia and former Advisor to the President Mukhles Chowdhury. Iajudiin Ahmed's body was transported to Dhaka from Bangkok on 12 December 2012.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Iajuddin Ahmed

Context: Four "namaz-e-janazas" were held for him. His first was held in Bangkok on 11 December 2012, the second namaz-e-janaza at his ancestral home in Munshiganj on 13 December, the third janaza in Dhaka University Central Masjid, and the fourth and last one was at Baitul Mukarram national masjid. Ahmed was buried in Banani graveyard.

Question: অধ্যাপক ড. ইয়াজউদ্দিন আহম্মেদ কবে বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে নিযুক্ত হন ?


Marie Tussaud

Context: Anna Maria "Marie" Tussaud (; née Grosholtz; 1 December 1761 – 16 April 1850) was a French artist known for her wax sculptures and Madame Tussauds, the wax museum she founded in London.

Question: মারি তুসোর কয়টি সন্তান ছিল ?


Marie Tussaud

Context: Marie Tussaud was born 1 December 1761 in Strasbourg, France. Her father, Joseph Grosholtz, was killed in the Seven Years' War just two months before Marie was born. When she was six years old, her mother, Anne-Marie Walder, took her to Bern, in Switzerland. There the family moved into the home of local doctor Philippe Curtius (1741–1794), for whom Anne-Marie acted as housekeeper.

Question: মারি তুসোর কয়টি সন্তান ছিল ?


Marie Tussaud

Context: On 12 July 1789, wax heads of Jacques Necker and the duc d'Orléans made by Curtius were carried in a protest march two days before the attack on the Bastille.

Question: মারি তুসোর কয়টি সন্তান ছিল ?


Marie Tussaud

Context: Tussaud was perceived as a royal sympathiser; in the Reign of Terror she was arrested, along with Joséphine de Beauharnais, and her head was shaved in preparation for her execution by guillotine. She said she was released thanks to Collot d'Herbois' support for Curtius and his household. Tussaud said she was then employed to make death masks and whole body casts of the revolution's famous victims, including Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Princesse de Lamballe, Marat, and Robespierre.

Question: মারি তুসোর কয়টি সন্তান ছিল ?


Marie Tussaud

Context: In 1802, after the Treaty of Amiens, Tussaud went to London with her son Joseph, then four years old, to present her collection of portraits. She had accepted an invitation from Paul Philidor, a magic lantern and phantasmagoria pioneer, to exhibit her work alongside his show at the Lyceum Theatre. She did not fare particularly well financially, and left for Edinburgh in 1803.

Question: মারি তুসোর কয়টি সন্তান ছিল ?


Marie Tussaud

Context: She died in her sleep in London on 16 April 1850 at the age of 88. There is a memorial tablet to Madame Marie Tussaud on the right side of the nave of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Cadogan Street, London.

Question: মারি তুসোর কয়টি সন্তান ছিল ?


Marie Tussaud

Context: Upon Marie Tussaud's retirement, her son François (or Francis) became chief artist for the Exhibition. He was succeeded in turn by his son Joseph, who was succeeded by his son John Theodore Tussaud.

Question: মারি তুসোর কয়টি সন্তান ছিল ?


Marie Tussaud

Context: Marie Tussaud was featured as a minor character and quest giver in the video game "Assassin's Creed Unity", which takes place during the French Revolution.

Question: মারি তুসোর কয়টি সন্তান ছিল ?


Marie Tussaud

Context: She is one of the main characters in the book "Faces of the Dead" by Suzanne Weyn. Edward Carey's 2018 novel "Little" is a novelization of her work and life.

Question: মারি তুসোর কয়টি সন্তান ছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Piłsudski believed that the best way for Poland to secure favorable borders was by military action and that he could easily defeat the Red Army forces. His Kiev Offensive, considered to have begun the Polish–Soviet War "sensu stricto", commenced in late April 1920 and resulted in the takeover of Kiev by the Polish and allied Ukrainian forces on 7 May. The Soviet armies in the area, which were weaker, had not been defeated, as they avoided major confrontations and withdrew.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The war is known by several names. "Polish–Soviet War" is the most common but other names include "Russo–Polish War" (or "Polish–Russian War") and "Polish–Bolshevik War". This last term (or just "Bolshevik War" ()) is most common in Polish sources. In some Polish sources it is also referred as the "War of 1920" (Polish: "Wojna 1920 roku").

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The ending date is given as either 1920 or 1921; this confusion stems from the fact that while the ceasefire was put into force on 18 October 1920, the official treaty ending the war was signed on 18 March 1921. While the events of late 1918 and 1919 can be described as a border conflict and only in spring 1920 did both sides engage in an all-out war, the warfare that took place in late April 1920 was an escalation of the fighting that began a year and a half earlier.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: In newly independent Poland, politics were strongly influenced by Józef Piłsudski. On 11 November 1918, Piłsudski was made head of Polish armed forces by the Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland, a body installed by the Central Powers. Subsequently, he was recognized by many Polish politicians as temporary chief of state and exercised in practice extensive powers. Under the Small Constitution of 20 February 1919, he became chief of state. As such, he reported to Legislative Sejm.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Western powers considered any significant territorial expansion of Poland, at the expense of Russia or Germany, to be highly disruptive to the post-World War I order. Among other factors, the Western Allies did not want to give the disgruntled Germany and Russia a reason to conspire together. The rise of the unrecognized Bolshevik regime complicated this rationale.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: As the Polish–Soviet War progressed, particularly while Poland's Kiev Offensive was being repelled in June 1920, Soviet policymakers, including Lenin, increasingly saw the war as the opportunity to spread the revolution westward. According to the historian Richard Pipes, the Soviets had prepared for their own strike against Galicia (the disputed eastern part of which had been acquired by Poland in the course of the Polish–Ukrainian War of 1918–1919) already before the Kiev Offensive.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: According to the historian Andrzej Chwalba, however, the scenario was different in late 1919 and winter–spring 1920. The Soviets, facing decreasing revolutionary fervor in Europe and having to deal with Russia's own problems, attempted to make peace with its neighbors, including Poland.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: From late 1917, Polish revolutionary military units were formed in Russia. They were combined into the Western Rifle Division in October 1918. In summer 1918, a short-lived Polish communist government, led by Stefan Heltman, was created in Moscow. Both the military and civilian structures were meant to facilitate the eventual introduction of communism into Poland in the form of a Polish Soviet Republic.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Given the precarious situation resulting from the withdrawal of German forces from Belarus and Lithuania and the expected arrival of the Red Army there, Polish Self-Defence had been organized in autumn 1918 around major concentrations of Polish population, such as Minsk, Vilnius and Grodno. They were based on the Polish Military Organisation and were recognized as part of the Polish Armed Forces by the decree of Polish Chief of State Piłsudski, issued on 7 December 1918.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The German "Soldatenrat" of "Ober Ost" declared on 15 November that its authority in Vilnius would be transferred to the Red Army.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: In late autumn 1918, the Polish 4th Rifle Division fought the Red Army in Russia. The division operated under the authority of the Polish Army in France and General Józef Haller. Politically, the division fought under the Polish National Committee (KNP), recognized by the Allies as a temporary government of Poland. In January 1919, per Piłsudski's decision, the 4th Rifle Division became part of the Polish Army.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Polish Self-Defence forces were defeated by the Soviets at a number of locations. Minsk was taken by the Russian Western Army on 11 December 1918. The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia was declared there on 31 December. After three days of heavy fighting with the Western Rifle Division, the Self-Defence units withdrew from Vilnius on 5 January 1919. Polish–Soviet skirmishes continued in January and February.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Polish armed forces were hurriedly formed to fight in several border wars. Two major formations manned the Russian front in February 1919: the northern, led by General Wacław Iwaszkiewicz-Rudoszański, and the southern, under General Antoni Listowski.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 18 October 1918, the Ukrainian National Council was formed in Eastern Galicia, still part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; it was led by Yevhen Petrushevych. The establishment of a Ukrainian state there was proclaimed in November 1918; it had become known as the West Ukrainian People's Republic and it claimed Lviv as its capital. Because of Russia-related political considerations, the Ukrainian attempts failed to generate support of the Entente powers.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: From January 1919 fighting also took place in Volhynia, where the Poles faced the forces of the Ukrainian People's Republic led by Symon Petliura. The Polish offensive resulted in a takeover of the western part of the province. The Polish–Ukrainian warfare there was discontinued from late May, and in early September an armistice was signed.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 21 November 1919, after contentious deliberations, the Allied Supreme War Council mandated Polish control over eastern Galicia for 25 years, with guarantees of autonomy for the Ukrainian population. The Conference of Ambassadors, which replaced the Supreme War Council, recognized the Polish claim to eastern Galicia in March 1923.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 5 January 1919 the Red Army took Vilnius, which led to the establishment of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia (Litbel) on 28 February. On 10 February, Soviet Russia's People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Georgy Chicherin wrote to Polish Prime Minister Ignacy Paderewski, proposing resolution of matters of disagreement and establishment of relations between the two states. It was one of the series of notes exchanged by the two governments in 1918 and 1919.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Fighting the Polish–Ukrainian War, by July 1919 Polish armies eliminated the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Secretly preparing an assault on Soviet-held Vilnius, in early April Piłsudski was able to shift some of the forces used in Ukraine to the northern front. The idea was to create a "fait accompli" and to prevent the Western powers from granting the territories claimed by Poland to White movement's Russia (the Whites were expected to prevail in the Russian Civil War).

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: A new Polish offensive started on 16 April. Five thousand soldiers, led by Piłsudski, headed for Vilnius. Advancing to the east, the Polish forces took Lida on 17 April, Novogrudok on 18 April, Baranavichy on 19 April and Grodno on 28 April. Piłsudski's group entered Vilnius on 19 April and captured the city after two days of fighting. The Polish action drove the Litbel government from its proclaimed capital.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 25 April, Lenin ordered the Western Front commander to reclaim Vilnius as soon as possible. The Red Army formations that attacked the Polish forces were defeated by Edward Rydz-Śmigły's units between 30 April and 7 May. While the Poles extended their holdings further, the Red Army, unable to accomplish its objectives and facing intensified combat with the White forces elsewhere, withdrew from its positions.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Polish "Lithuanian–Belarusian Front" was established on 15 May and placed under command of General Stanisław Szeptycki.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Polish offensive was discontinued around the line of German trenches and fortifications from World War I, because of high likelihood of Poland's war with Germany over territorial and other issues. Half of Poland's military strength had been concentrated on the German front by mid-June. The offensive in the east was resumed at the end of June, following the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty, signed and ratified by Germany, preserved the "status quo" in western Poland.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: In autumn 1919, the Sejm voted to incorporate into Poland the conquered territories up to the Daugava and Berezina Rivers, including Minsk.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The fighting in 1919 resulted in the formation of a very long frontline, which, according to the historian Eugeniusz Duraczyński, favored Poland at this stage.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: In late 1919 and early 1920, Piłsudski undertook his gargantuan task of breaking up Russia and creating the "Intermarium" bloc of countries. Given the refusal of Lithuania and other eastern Baltic region countries to participate in the project, he set his sights on Ukraine.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: In late autumn 1919, to many Polish politicians it appeared that Poland had achieved strategically desirable borders in the east and therefore fighting the Bolsheviks should be terminated and peace negotiations should commence. The pursuit of peace dominated also popular sentiments and anti-war demonstrations had taken place.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The peace offers sent to Warsaw by Russia's Foreign Secretary Georgy Chicherin and other Russian governing institutions between late December 1919 and early February 1920 had not been responded to. The Soviets proposed a favorable for Poland troop demarcation line consistent with the current military frontiers, leaving permanent border determinations for later.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 4 March 1920, General Władysław Sikorski initiated a new offensive in Polesia; the Polish forces had driven a wedge between Soviet forces to the north (Belarus) and south (Ukraine). The Soviet counter-offensive in Polesia and Volhynia was pushed back.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Polish–Russian peace negotiations in March 1920 produced no results. Piłsudski was not interested in a negotiated solution to the conflict. Preparations for a large-scale resumption of hostilities were being finalized and the newly declared (over the protest of a majority of parliamentary deputies) marshal and his circle expected the planned new offensive to lead to the fulfillment of Piłsudski's federalist ideas.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The British and the French did not recognize the UPR and blocked its admission to the League of Nations in autumn 1920. The treaty with the Ukrainian republic did not generate any international support for Poland. It caused new tensions and conflicts, especially within the Ukrainian movements that aimed for the country's independence.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The alliance with Petliura gave Poland 15,000 allied Ukrainian troops at the beginning of the Kiev campaign, which increased to 35,000 by recruitment and from Soviet deserters during the war. According to Chwalba, 60,000 Polish soldiers and 4,000 Ukrainians took part in the original offensive; there were only 22,488 Ukrainian soldiers on the Polish food ration list as of 1 September 1920.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Female soldiers functioned as members of the Voluntary Legion of Women; they were normally assigned auxiliary duties. A system of military training for officers and soldiers was established with significant help from the French Military Mission to Poland.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Polish Air Force had about two thousand planes, mostly old. 45% of them had been captured from the enemy. Only two hundred could be airborne at any given time. They were used for various purposes including combat, but mostly for reconnaissance. 150 French pilots and navigators flew as part of the French Mission.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: According to Norman Davies, estimating the strength of the opposing sides is difficult and even generals often had incomplete reports of their own forces.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Polish forces grew from approximately 100,000 by the end of 1918 to over 500,000 in early 1920 and 800,000 in the spring of that year. Before the Battle of Warsaw, the army reached the total strength of about one million soldiers, including 100,000 volunteers.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Polish armed forces were aided by military members of Western missions, especially the French Military Mission. Poland was supported, in addition to the allied Ukrainian forces (over twenty thousand soldiers), by Russian and Belarusian units and volunteers of many nationalities. Twenty American pilots served in the Kościuszko Squadron. Their contributions in spring and summer 1920 on the Ukrainian front were considered to be of critical importance.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Soviet losses and the spontaneous enrollment of Polish volunteers allowed rough numerical parity between the two armies; by the time of the Battle of Warsaw, the Poles may have had gained a slight advantage in numbers and logistics. One of the major formations on the Polish side was the First Polish Army.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Revolutionary Military Council of the Russian Republic was established in September 1918. It was chaired by Trotsky. Trotsky lacked military experience or expertise, but knew how to mobilize troops and was a master of war propaganda. Revolutionary war councils of particular fronts and armies were placed under the council of the republic. The system was intended as implementation of the concept of collective leadership and management of military affairs.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Red Army's chief commander, from July 1919, was Sergey Kamenev; he was installed by Joseph Stalin. Kamenev's Field Staff was led by former tsarist generals. His every decision had to be approved by the Military Council. The actual command center was placed in an armored train, used by Trotsky to travel around the front areas and coordinate military activity.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Hundreds of thousands of recruits deserted from the Red Army, which resulted in 600 public executions in the second half of 1919. The army, however, conducted operations on several fronts and had remained an effective fighting force.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: In 1920, the Red Army personnel numbered 402,000 on the Soviet Western Front and 355,000 on the Southwestern Front in Galicia, according to Davies. Grigori F. Krivosheev gives 382,071 personnel for the Western Front and 282,507 for the Southwestern Front between July and August.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: After the reorganization of the Western Rifle Division in mid-1919, there were no separate Polish units within the Red Army. Within both the Western and the Southwestern Fronts, besides Russian units, there had been separate Ukrainian, Latvian, and German–Hungarian units. In addition, many communists of various nationalities, for example the Chinese, fought in integrated units. The Lithuanian Army supported the Soviet forces to some degree.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Among the commanders leading the Red Army offensive were Semyon Budyonny, Leon Trotsky, Sergey Kamenev, Mikhail Tukhachevsky (the new commander of the Western Front), Alexander Yegorov (the new commander of the Southwestern Front), and Hayk Bzhishkyan.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: However, the Red Army had at its disposal an extensive arsenal as well as fully functional armament industry concentrated in Tula, both inherited from tsarist Russia. In Poland, there were no firearm factories and everything, including rifles and ammunition, had to be imported. Gradual progress in the area of military manufacturing had been made and after the war there were in Poland 140 industrial establishments producing military items.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Polish–Soviet was fought not by trench warfare but by maneuverable formations. The total front was 1500 km (over 900 mi) long and was manned by relatively small amounts of troops. Around the time of the Battle of Warsaw and afterwards, the Soviets suffered from overly long transportation lines and had been unable to supply their forces in a timely manner.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Victor Sebestyen, author of a 2017 biography of Lenin, wrote: "The newly independent Poles started the war. With England and France's backing, they invaded Ukraine in spring 1920." Some Allied leaders had not supported Poland, including former British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, who called the Kiev Expedition "a purely aggressive adventure, a wanton enterprise". Sebestyen characterized Piłsudski as a "Polish nationalist, not a socialist".

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 17 April 1920, the Polish General Staff ordered the armed forces to assume attack positions. The Red Army, which had been regrouping since 10 March, was not fully ready for combat. The main goal of the military operation was to create a Ukrainian state, formally independent but under Polish patronage, which would separate Poland from Russia.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 25 April, the southern group of Polish armies under Piłsudski's command commenced an offensive in the direction of Kiev. The Polish forces were assisted by thousands of Ukrainian soldiers under Petliura, who represented the Ukrainian People's Republic.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Alexander Yegorov, commander of the Russian Southwestern Front, had at his disposal the 12th and 14th Armies. They faced the invading force, but were small (15,000 battle-ready soldiers), weak, poorly equipped, and had been distracted by peasant rebellions in Russia. Yegorov's armies had been gradually reinforced since the Soviets had found out of the Polish war preparations.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 26 April, in his "Call to the People of Ukraine", Piłsudski told his intended audience that "the Polish Army would only stay as long as necessary until a legal Ukrainian government took control over its own territory". However, although many Ukrainians were anti-communist, many were anti-Polish and resented the Polish advance.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The well-equipped and highly mobile Polish 3rd Army under Edward Rydz-Śmigły quickly overpowered the Red Army in Ukraine. The Soviet 12th and 14th Armies had for the most part declined to engage in combat and suffered limited losses; they withdrew or were pushed past the Dnieper River. On 7 May, the combined Polish–Ukrainian forces, led by Rydz-Śmigły, encountered only token resistance as they entered Kiev, mostly abandoned by the Soviet military.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: This Polish thrust into Ukraine was met with Red Army counterattacks from 29 May. By that time, Yegorov's Southwestern Front had been considerably reinforced and he initiated an assault maneuver in the Kiev area.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Semyon Budyonny's 1st Cavalry Army ("Konarmia") conducted repeated attacks and broke the Polish–Ukrainian front on 5 June. The Soviets deployed mobile cavalry units to disrupt the Polish rearguard and target communications and logistics. By 10 June, the Polish armies were in retreat along the entire front. Following Piłsudski's order, General Rydz-Śmigły, with the Polish and Ukrainian troops under his command, abandoned Kiev (the city was not being attacked) to the Red Army.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The 3rd Army and other Polish formations avoided destruction in the course of their long retreat from the Kiev frontier, but remained tied down in western Ukraine. They could not support the Polish northern front and reinforce, as planned by Piłsudski, the defences at the Avuta River.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Against the Polish line, the Red Army gathered its Western Front led by the young General Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Its numbers exceeded 108,000 infantry and 11,000 cavalry, supported by 722 artillery pieces and 2,913 machine guns.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: According to Chwalba, Tukhachevsky's 3rd, 4th, 15th, and 16th Armies had a total of 270,000 soldiers and a 3:1 advantage over the Poles in the area of the Western Front's attack.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 9 July, Lithuania's talks with the Soviets commenced. The Lithuanians launched a series of attacks against the Poles and disorganized the planned relocation of Polish forces. Polish troops withdrew from Minsk on 11 July.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Along the line of old German trenches and fortifications from World War I, only Lida was defended for two days. Bzhishkyan's units together with Lithuanian forces captured Vilnius on 14 July. To the south, in eastern Galicia, Budyonny's cavalry approached Brody, Lviv and Zamość. It had become clear to the Poles that the Soviet objectives were not limited to countering the effects of the Kiev Expedition but that Poland's independent existence was at stake.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Fighting the Battle of Brody and Berestechko (29 July–3 August), the Polish forces attempted to stop Budyonny's advance on Lviv, but the effort was terminated by Piłsudski, who mustered two divisions to take part in the approaching struggle for the Polish capital.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 1 August 1920, Polish and Soviet delegations met at Baranavichy and exchanged notes, but their armistice talks produced no results.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: In autumn 1919, the British government of Prime Minister David Lloyd George agreed to provide arms for Poland. On 17 May 1920, following the Polish takeover of Kiev, the cabinet spokesman asserted in the House of Commons that "no assistance has been or is being given to the Polish government".

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The initial success of the Kiev Expedition caused enormous euphoria in Poland and Piłsudski's leading role was recognized by most politicians. However, with the tide turning against Poland, Piłsudski's political power weakened, and that of his opponents, including Roman Dmowski, rose. The government of Leopold Skulski, Piłsudski's ally, resigned in early June. After protracted bickering, an extra-parliamentary government of Władysław Grabski was appointed on 23 June 1920.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Western Allies were worried by the progress of the Bolshevik armies but blamed Poland for the situation. The conduct of Polish leaders was adventurous in their opinion and amounted to foolishly playing with fire. It could lead to the destruction of the work of the Paris Peace Conference. Western societies wanted peace and good relations with Russia.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: At the height of the Polish–Soviet conflict, Jews were subjected to antisemitic violence by Polish forces, who considered them a potential threat and often accused of supporting the Bolsheviks. The perpetrators of the pogroms that took place were motivated by "Żydokomuna" accusations. During the Battle of Warsaw, the Polish authorities interned Jewish soldiers and volunteers and sent them to an internment camp.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Second Congress of the Communist International deliberated in Moscow between 19 July and 7 August 1920. Lenin spoke of the increasingly favorable odds for the accomplishment of the World Proletarian Revolution, which would lead to the World Soviet Republic; the delegates eagerly followed daily reports from the front. The congress issued an appeal to workers in all countries, asking them to forestall their governments' efforts to aid "White" Poland.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Piłsudski lost another vote at the Defense Council and on 22 July the government dispatched a delegation to Moscow to ask for armistice talks. The Soviets claimed interest in peace negotiations only, the subject the Polish delegation was not authorized to discuss.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Piłsudski was severely criticized by politicians ranging from Dmowski to Witos. His military competence and judgement were questioned and he displayed signs of mental instability. However, a majority of members of the Council of National Defense, which was asked by Piłsudski to rule on his fitness to lead the military, quickly expressed their "full confidence". Dmowski, disappointed, resigned his membership in the council and left Warsaw.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: As Polish–French cooperation continued, French weaponry, including infantry armament, artillery and Renault FT tanks, were shipped to Poland to reinforce its military. On 21 February 1921, France and Poland agreed to a formal military alliance. During the Soviet–Polish negotiations, Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs paid particular attention to keeping the Allies informed of their course and making them feel co-responsible for the outcome.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: According to the plan of the commander-in-chief of the Red Army Sergey Kamenev as of 20 July 1920, two Soviet fronts, Western and Southwestern, were going to execute a concentric attack on Warsaw. However, after consulting Tukhachevsky, the Western Front commander, Kamenev concluded that the Western Front alone could manage the occupation of Warsaw.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Tukhachevsky's intention was to destroy the Polish armies in the region of Warsaw. His plan was to have one of his armies attack the Polish capital from the east, while three other were to force their way across the Vistula further north, between Modlin and Toruń. Parts of this formation were going to be used to outflank Warsaw from the west. He issued orders to this effect on 8 August. It had soon become apparent to Tukhachevsky that his designs were not producing the desired result.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Stalin may have been motivated by the letter Lenin wrote to him on 23 July. Regarding the defeat of the Polish armies as already practically accomplished, the Soviet leader suggested a redirection of main Soviet efforts toward the south-west, into Romania, Hungary, Austria, and ultimately Italy. Stalin agreed and he saw the conquest of Lviv on the way as fitting well with the overall scheme.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: In August 1919, Polish military intelligence first decrypted the Red Army's radio messages. From the spring of 1920, the Polish high command had been aware of current Soviet moves and plans, which may have had decisively influenced the outcome of the war.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 10 August, Polish Chief of staff Tadeusz Rozwadowski, who co-authored the offensive concept, ordered a two-pronged attack, from the Wkra and the Wieprz Rivers.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Piłsudski, still harshly criticized, submitted a letter of resignation as commander-in-chief to Prime Minister Witos on 12 August. Witos refused to consider the resignation and kept the matter to himself.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 12 August, Tukhachevsky's 16th and 3rd Armies commenced their assault on Warsaw from the east. The Polish 1st Army under General Franciszek Latinik retreated at first, but having received reinforcements stopped the enemy at the Battle of Radzymin and on 15 August initiated offensive actions of its own. The pitched Battle of Ossów, fought on 13–14 August at a nearby location, became the first clear Polish victory in the Warsaw area.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Tukhachevsky, at his headquarters in Minsk, on 18 August belatedly ordered the remnants of his forces to regroup. He hoped to straighten the front line, halt the Polish attack and regain the initiative, but it was too late and on 19 August he directed his armies to retreat over the entire front.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: In order to reorganize the Polish forces ahead of new operations, the chase after the retreating Russians was stopped on 25 August. A large portion of the defeated Soviet troops had been taken prisoner (over 50,000) or interned in Prussia (45,000). Twelve of the twenty two Soviet divisions survived. Edward Rydz-Śmigły's formations manned the new frontline, which ran from Brest to Grodno. The victory allowed the Poles to regain the initiative and undertake further military offensive.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The outcome of the struggle for the Polish capital saddened the leadership in Moscow, as well as communists and their sympathizers all over the world. Clara Zetkin spoke of the flower of revolution having been frozen.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: To diminish Piłsudski's military achievement and his role in the saving of Warsaw, at the instigation of his Polish detractors, the Battle of Warsaw had been referred to as the "Miracle on the Vistula", and the phrase has since remained in Catholic and popular use in Poland. The "miracle" was attributed to the Virgin Mary.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The progress of the Soviet forces on the southern front in Ukraine was slower than in the north. The losses suffered by Semyon Budyonny's 1st Cavalry Army at the Battle of Brody and Berestechko delayed its advance on Lviv. On 16 August, the army got going and soon reported being 15 km from the center of the city.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Heading east into Volhynia, the Polish 3rd Army under Władysław Sikorski crossed the Bug River and on 13 September took Kovel. The Polish 6th Army under Józef Haller, together with the Ukrainian People's Army, launched their offensive from eastern Galicia. By the end of September, the front reached the Pinsk–Sarny–Khmelnytskyi–Yampil line. In October, Juliusz Rómmel's cavalry corps arrived at Korosten, Ukraine.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The immediate Soviet threat having been repelled, the Council of National Defense voted to continue the Polish offensive. By 15 September, forces were assembled for the "Niemen operation". At that time, the Polish armies had an advantage over the Soviet Western Front in manpower (209,000 to 145,000 soldiers) and armaments.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Peace of Riga was approved by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on 14 April 1921, by Polish Sejm on 15 April, and by the Central Executive Committee of Soviet Ukraine on 17 April. Until late summer 1939, the Soviet Union refrained from officially questioning the Riga treaty settlement, but it had been understood that the Soviet policy objective was to have it overturned.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: During the Polish–Soviet War, about 100,000 people were killed. A complicated problem of prisoners of war was left to be resolved. On both sides, great destruction and economic losses, as well as deep psychological trauma resulted. Piłsudski's goal of separating Ukraine from Russia was not accomplished and the compromise Polish–Soviet border attained indicated future instability.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Soviet Russia was unable to accomplish many of the political objectives of its war with Poland. Despite the support of Germany, it could not destroy the Versailles-imposed European system and the two powers had to wait for another opportunity to redress their grievances.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Polish delegation at the peace talks, led by Jan Dąbski, concentrated on an armistice line and the future border. For the Soviets, these were secondary concerns. The statehood status of the Ukrainian and Belarusian Soviet republics was of utmost importance and their recognition was the most fateful concession the Polish negotiators had made.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement, signed on 16 March 1921, was the first of a series of such international treaties. It broke diplomatic isolation of Soviet Russia. The resulting influx of foreign arms and equipment contributed to the success of the offensive against the partisans in the Tambov province, executed by Mikhail Tukhachevsky and completed by July.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The grain requisition practices were eventually replaced by the New Economic Policy, announced by Lenin on 23 March 1921. It represented a partial compromise with capitalism.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 16 April 1922, Russia and Germany signed the Treaty of Rapallo. Diplomatic relations were established and the Russian negotiators obtained favorable resolution of their financial concerns.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: After the Peace of Riga, Soviet Russia withdrew behind its "cordon sanitaire". Its leaders abandoned in reality the cause of the international revolution. The result was the Stalinist "socialism in one country" pursuit. The Soviet Union entered a period of intensive industrialization, to eventually become the second greatest industrial power in the world.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The negotiations were controlled by Roman Dmowski's National Democrats. The National Democrats wanted to directly incorporate into the Polish state the lands they found desirable. Polish parliament (Sejm) was controlled by Dmowski's allies, whose ideas on the nature of the Polish state and the arrangement of its borders had since permanently prevailed.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Because of the failed Kiev Expedition, Piłsudski had lost his ability to act as the main player, to manipulate people and events in Polish politics. The consensus on his dominant role was gone. As a consequence, he was allowed to win the war, but the conditions of peace were determined already by his opponents.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The Peace of Riga partitioned Ukraine and gave a portion of its territory to Poland (eastern Galicia and most of Volhynia) and the other portion to the Soviets. The Ukrainian Soviet Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Republic were recognized by Poland. Historian Timothy Snyder writes: "That the Soviet Union established in 1922 included a Ukrainian SSR was the most important consequence of the attempts to establish an independent Ukrainian state in 1918–1920."

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: On 11 July 1920, Soviet forces entered Minsk and on 1 August the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was officially established. Belarus, like Ukraine, was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union after the Peace of Riga. The policies of the Byelorussian Soviet Republic were determined by Moscow.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Unlike in the cases of Lithuania and Ukraine, Piłsudski or his allies had not proposed a Belarusian state associated with Poland until the Riga talks, when they wanted to claim Minsk as capital of a Belarusian People's Republic in that role.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Like the Ukrainian Petliura's forces, in Belarus the Volunteer Allied Army under General Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz attacked the Soviets after the armistice. Bułak-Bałachowicz's troops commenced their offensive on 5 November and after temporary successes had to retreat back into Polish-controlled territory on 28 November. The Belarusian soldiers were also interned by the Polish authorities.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: According to sources quoted by Chwalba, of the 80–85 thousand Soviet prisoners of war, 16–20 thousand died in Polish captivity. Of the 51 thousand Polish prisoners, 20 thousand died. The practice of disproportionate killing of Polish commissioned officers continued into World War II, when a series of executions known as the Katyn massacre took place.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: The war and its aftermath resulted in controversies, such as the situation of prisoners of war in Poland and in Soviet Russia and Lithuania, treatment of the civilian population, or the behaviour of some commanders, including Semyon Budyonny, Hayk Bzhishkyan, Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz, and Vadim Yakovlev. The reported pogroms of Jews by the Polish military caused the United States to send a commission, led by Henry Morgenthau, to investigate the matter.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: From the end of World War II until 1989, the communists held power in Poland, and the Polish–Soviet War was omitted or minimised in Polish and other Soviet Bloc countries' history books, or was presented as a foreign intervention during the Russian Civil War.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Polish–Soviet War

Context: Polish Lieutenant Józef Kowalski was the last living veteran of the war. He was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta on his 110th birthday by President Lech Kaczyński of Poland. He died on 7 December 2013 at the age of 113.

Question: রুশ–পোলিশ যুদ্ধ মোট কতদিন ধরে চলেছিল ?


Radha Gobinda Chandra

Context: Radhagobinda Chandra OARF FAAVSO, FBBA, (; July 16, 1878 – April 3, 1975) was an Indian astronomer. He was a pioneer of observational astronomy in the region of Bengal, comprising modern-day Bangladesh and West Bengal. He was born in Jessore , Undived Bengal , British India. Radha Gobinda is especially famous for his observation of variable stars. He observed more than 49,700 variable stars and became one of the first international members of American Association of Variable Star Observers.

Question: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী রাধাগোবিন্দ চন্দ্র প্রথম জীবনে কোথায় চাকরি করতেন ?


Radha Gobinda Chandra

Context: From a very early age he had immense interest in Astronomy and later in life started doing amateur astronomy on his own. When he was in grade 6 at school they used to had a textbook called "Charupath" from where he read an inspiring prose on Astronomy and Cosmology by Bengal writer Akshay Kumar Datta. He wanted to become an astronomer reading this. Later he wrote about this in his autobiography,

Question: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী রাধাগোবিন্দ চন্দ্র প্রথম জীবনে কোথায় চাকরি করতেন ?


Radha Gobinda Chandra

Context: He was first practically introduced with the sky when he got scientific apprenticeship with a lawyer named Kalinath Mukherjee who was then editing the 'Star Atlas'.

Question: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী রাধাগোবিন্দ চন্দ্র প্রথম জীবনে কোথায় চাকরি করতেন ?


Radha Gobinda Chandra

Context: In the year of 1910 (April–July), Chandra observed the Halley's Comet from Jessore with his small binocular as he did not have any powerful binocular or other helping tool. He wrote the details information of his observation in the 'Hindu Magazine' of that time.

Question: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী রাধাগোবিন্দ চন্দ্র প্রথম জীবনে কোথায় চাকরি করতেন ?


Radha Gobinda Chandra

Context: From then on, he continued regular observation of variable stars with the help of the 'Star Atlas' by Kalinath Mukhajee.

Question: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী রাধাগোবিন্দ চন্দ্র প্রথম জীবনে কোথায় চাকরি করতেন ?


Radha Gobinda Chandra

Context: The value of his prodigious work lies in the fact that he worked at a longitude far from that of most observers, greatly improving the temporal completeness of the observational records for the stars he observed.

Question: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী রাধাগোবিন্দ চন্দ্র প্রথম জীবনে কোথায় চাকরি করতেন ?


Radha Gobinda Chandra

Context: It was June 7, 1918. Chandra used to observe stars most of the nights at that time. He suddenly noticed a bright star. He tried to match it with the Star Map but did not find any. He observed it for the next few days and came to decision that it is a new one. In the language of astronomy it was a Nova. He published the detail description of this Nova in the 'Probashi' magazine of that time. Later this nova was named as 'Nova Aquila-3'.

Question: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী রাধাগোবিন্দ চন্দ্র প্রথম জীবনে কোথায় চাকরি করতেন ?


Radha Gobinda Chandra

Context: He was asked to pass on the AAVSO telescope to Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu (1927–82) then at Nainital. The Elmer-Chandra telescope, one of the very few American telescopes in British India is now at Kavalur Observatory.

Question: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী রাধাগোবিন্দ চন্দ্র প্রথম জীবনে কোথায় চাকরি করতেন ?


Radha Gobinda Chandra

Context: This most dedicated observer of the time worked outside the pale of the astronomical society died in the year 1975.

Question: জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী রাধাগোবিন্দ চন্দ্র প্রথম জীবনে কোথায় চাকরি করতেন ?


Closet

Context: A closet (especially in North American usage) is an enclosed space, with a door, used for storage, particularly that of clothes. "Fitted closets" are built into the walls of the house so that they take up no apparent space in the room. Closets are often built under stairs, thereby using awkward space that would otherwise go unused.

Question: ক্লোসেট শব্দের অর্থ কী ?


Closet

Context: In Elizabethan and Middle English, "closet" referred to a small private room, an inner sanctum within a much larger house, used for prayer, reading, or study.

Question: ক্লোসেট শব্দের অর্থ কী ?


Closet

Context: The use of "closet" for "toilet" dates back to 1662. In Indian English, this use continues. Related forms include earth closet and water closet (W.C. or flush toilet). "Privy" meaning an outhouse derives from "private", making the connection with the Middle English use of "closet", above.

Question: ক্লোসেট শব্দের অর্থ কী ?


Closet

Context: Though some sources claim that colonial American houses often lacked closets because of a "closet tax" imposed by the British crown, others argue that closets were absent in most houses simply because their residents had few possessions.

Question: ক্লোসেট শব্দের অর্থ কী ?


Closet

Context: Closet organizers are integrated shelving systems. Different materials have advantages and disadvantages:

Question: ক্লোসেট শব্দের অর্থ কী ?


Vijay Rupani

Context: Vijaybhai Ramniklalbhai Rupani (born 2 August 1956) is an Indian politician who served as the 16th Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2016 to 2021. He is a member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly, representing Rajkot West. He is a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.

Question: গুজরাটের বর্তমান মুখ্যমন্ত্রী কে ?


Vijay Rupani

Context: Vijay Rupani was born to Mayaben and Ramniklal Rupani, in Yangon, Myanmar to a Jain Bania family. He was the seventh and youngest son of the couple. His family moved to Rajkot in 1960 due to political instability in Burma. He studied Bachelor of Arts from Dharmendrasinhji Arts College and LLB from Saurashtra University.

Question: গুজরাটের বর্তমান মুখ্যমন্ত্রী কে ?


Vijay Rupani

Context: Vijay Rupani is a partner in a trading firm Rasiklal & Sons, founded by his father. He had worked as a stock broker.

Question: গুজরাটের বর্তমান মুখ্যমন্ত্রী কে ?


Vijay Rupani

Context: In August 2014, when Vajubhai Vala, the incumbent speaker of Gujarat Legislative Assembly, resigned as the MLA from Rajkot West, Vijay Rupani was nominated by the BJP to contest his vacant seat. He won the bypoll on 19 October 2014 by a huge margin.

Question: গুজরাটের বর্তমান মুখ্যমন্ত্রী কে ?


Vijay Rupani

Context: He was inducted as minister in the first cabinet expansion by Chief Minister Anandiben Patel in November 2014 and held the ministry of transport, water supply, labor and employment.

Question: গুজরাটের বর্তমান মুখ্যমন্ত্রী কে ?


Vijay Rupani

Context: On 19 February 2016, Rupani became the state BJP president, replacing R. C. Faldu. He was the BJP state president from February 2016 to August 2016.

Question: গুজরাটের বর্তমান মুখ্যমন্ত্রী কে ?


Vijay Rupani

Context: Vijay Rupani is married to Anjali, who is also a member of the BJP women's wing. The couple have a son, Rushabh, who is an engineering graduate, as well as a daughter, Radhika, who is married. The couple lost their youngest son Pujit in an accident and have started the Pujit Rupani Memorial Trust for charity.

Question: গুজরাটের বর্তমান মুখ্যমন্ত্রী কে ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: Some foreign publications mention that there were rubber stamp "BANGLA DESH" overprints on different denominations of Pakistani bank notes during the a.m. period. Pakistani postage stamps were rubber-stamped and used all over Bangladesh until 30 March 1973, but Bangladesh Bank or the Ministry of Finance never issued an order to overprint or rubber-stamp Pakistani currency.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: In 2000, the government issued polymer 10 notes as an experiment (similar to the Australian dollar). They proved unpopular, however, and were withdrawn later. At present, the 1 and 5 notes have mostly been replaced with coins, and in 2008, the government issued 1,000 notes.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: In 2011, Bangladesh Bank began issuing a new series of banknotes denominated in 2, 5, 100, 500, and 1000. All are dated 2011 and feature a portrait and watermark of the Father of the Nation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, along the National Martyr's Monument in Savar at center front.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: From 2011, the Bangladesh Bank introduced new notes denominated in 10, 20, and 50 on 7 March 2012. The notes bear the portrait of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the National Martyr's Monument in Savar on the front. On the back of the notes, the 10 will picture the Baitul Mukarram mosque, the 20 pictures the Shat Gombuj mosque in Bagherat, and the 50 notes feature Shilpacharjo Zainul Abedin's famous painting "Ploughing."

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: On March 7 of 2019, Bangladesh Bank released new ৳100 notes, which had the same design as 2011 Version, but had better security, a stronger Blue and were made of a different material.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: On December 15 of 2019, Bangladesh Bank issued new ৳50 banknotes, with the same design as the 2011 version, but had a different colour (orange, brown and fluorescent yellow-green), and a slightly different design in some parts.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: On March 17 of 2020, Bangladesh Bank introduced new ৳200 notes. They bear a portrait of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on both sides and a landscape picture of a village, river and boats.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: In 2011, Bangladesh Bank also introduced a 40 note to commemorate the "40th Victory Anniversary of Bangladesh". The commemorative note features a portrait of the Father of the Nation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the National Martyr's Monument in Savar on front, and six armed men on back. Curiously, this note has an electrotype 10 in the watermark, indicating it was likely printed on extra 10 banknote paper.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: On 15 February 2012, Bangladesh Bank has introduced a 60 note to commemorate "60 years of National Movement". The commemorative note measures and features the Shaeed Minar (Martyrs' monument) in Dhaka and five men on the back. Like the 40 commemorative note, this note has an electrotype 50 in the watermark. It was likely printed on extra 50 banknote paper.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: On 8 July 2013, Bangladesh Bank issued a 100 note to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Bangladesh National Museum. The commemorative note features an 18th-century terracotta plaque of a horseman on the front and the Bangladesh National Museum on the back.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: In 1973, coins were introduced in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 poysha. 1 poysha coins followed in 1974, with 1 coins introduced in 1975. The 1, 5 and 10 poysha were struck in aluminium, with the 25 and 50 poysha struck in steel and the 1 in copper-nickel. The 5 poysha were square with rounded corners, and the 10 poysha were scalloped. Steel 5 were introduced in 1994, and a steel 2 coin followed in 2004.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: 1 and 5 poysha coins are rarely found in circulation. The same is the case with the 10, 25, and 50 poysha coins as they have lost value due to inflation over the years. Only the 1, 2 and 5 are regularly found in circulation. But and odd thing is that coins are not issued every year like in most other countries. The last coins [1, 2 and 5] were issued way back in 2013, that is 9 years ago.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: The Bangladesh Bank has issued a new series of banknotes, phasing out the older designs for new, more secure ones. All banknotes other than the 1 taka feature a portrait of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on the obverse along with the watermark of the National Martyrs’ Memorial.

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Bangladeshi taka

Context: The folder of the banknote for the 40th anniversary of the independence of Bangladesh had a spelling error of the name of the country. It was inserted as "Bangldesh" instead of "Bangladesh".

Question: বাংলাদেশের সরকারি মুদ্রা কী ?


Shib Narayan Das

Context: On behalf of the NUCLEUS, the same flag was unfurled by Abdur Rab along with AFM Mahbubul Haq, Das and other student league leaders from the roof top of the western porch of the Arts Faculty of DU, on March 2, 1971, shortly before the outbreak of the Bangladesh Liberation War.

Question: বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় পতাকার নকশা কে বা কারা তৈরী করেন ?


Shib Narayan Das

Context: After the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, the map of Bangladesh was removed from the flag as it had difficulty for rendering the map correctly on both sides of the flag. Artist Quamrul Hassan was asked to report on the design, color, shape and explanation. On 17 January 1972, the new design was made the official national flag of Bangladesh.

Question: বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় পতাকার নকশা কে বা কারা তৈরী করেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: The title of Viceroy was abandoned when British India split into the two independent dominions of India and Pakistan, but the office of governor-general continued to exist in each country separately until they adopted republican constitutions in 1950 and 1956, respectively.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: The Charter Act 1833 replaced the governor-general and Council of Fort William with the governor-general and Council of India. The power to elect the governor-general was retained by the Court of Directors, but the choice became subject to the sovereign's approval via the India Board.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company's territories in India were put under the direct control of the sovereign. The Government of India Act 1858 vested the power to appoint the governor-general in the sovereign. The governor-general, in turn, had the power to appoint all lieutenant governors in India, subject to the sovereign's approval.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: India and Pakistan acquired independence in 1947, but governors-general continued to be appointed over each nation until republican constitutions were written. Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, remained governor-general of India for some time after independence, but the two nations were otherwise headed by native governors-general. India became a secular republic in 1950; Pakistan became an Islamic one in 1956.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: The governor-general originally had power only over the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. The Regulating Act, however, granted the governor-general additional powers relating to foreign affairs and defence. The other presidencies of the East India Company (Madras, Bombay and Bencoolen) were not allowed to declare war on or make peace with an Indian prince without receiving the prior approval of the governor-general and Council of Fort William.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: The powers of the governor-general, in respect of foreign affairs, were increased by the India Act 1784. The act provided that the other governors under the East India Company could not declare war, make peace or conclude a treaty with an Indian prince unless expressly directed to do so by the governor-general or by the company's Court of Directors.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: While the governor-general thus became the controller of foreign policy in India, he was not the explicit head of British India. That status came only with the Charter Act 1833, which granted him "superintendence, direction and control of the whole civil and military Government" of all of British India. The act also granted legislative powers to the governor-general and council.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: The Chamber of Princes was an institution established in 1920 by a royal proclamation of King-Emperor George V to provide a forum in which the princely rulers could voice their needs and aspirations to the government. The chamber usually met only once a year, with the viceroy presiding, but it appointed a standing committee, which met more often.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: Upon independence in August 1947, the title of viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British sovereign became known once again as the governor-general. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian governor-general. However, once India acquired independence, the governor-general's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day-to-day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the president of India continued to perform the same functions.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: The governor-general was always advised by a Council on the exercise of his legislative and executive powers. The governor-general, while exercising many functions, was referred to as the "Governor-General in Council."

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: The Regulating Act 1773 provided for the election of four counsellors by the East India Company's Court of Directors. The governor-general was to be assisted by an executive council of four members and was given a casting vote but no veto. The decision of the council was binding on the governor-general.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: In 1784, the council was reduced to three members; the governor-general continued to have both an ordinary vote and a casting vote. In 1786, the power of the governor-general was increased even further, as Council decisions ceased to be binding.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: The Charter Act 1833 made further changes to the structure of the council. The Act was the first law to distinguish between the executive and legislative responsibilities of the governor-general. As provided under the Act, there were to be four members of the Council elected by the Court of Directors. The first three members were permitted to participate on all occasions, but the fourth member was only allowed to sit and vote when legislation was being debated.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: In 1858, the Court of Directors ceased to have the power to elect members of the council. Instead, the one member who had a vote only on legislative questions came to be appointed by the sovereign, and the other three members by the secretary of state for India.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: When the Order of the Star of India was founded in 1861, the viceroy was made its grand master "ex officio". The viceroy was also made the "ex officio" grand master of the Order of the Indian Empire upon its foundation in 1877.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: From around 1885, the viceroy of India was allowed to fly a Union Flag augmented in the centre with the 'Star of India' surmounted by a Crown. This flag was not the Viceroy's personal flag; it was also used by Governors, Lieutenant Governors, Chief Commissioners and other British officers in India. When at sea, only the viceroy flew the flag from the mainmast, while other officials flew it from the foremast.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: From 1947 to 1950, the governor-general of India used a dark blue flag bearing the royal crest (a lion standing on the Crown), beneath which was the word 'India' in gold majuscules. The same design is still used by many other Commonwealth Realm Governors-General. This last flag was the personal flag of the governor-general only.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: The governor-general of Fort William resided in Belvedere House, Calcutta, until the early nineteenth century, when Government House was constructed. In 1854, the lieutenant governor of Bengal took up residence there. Now, the Belvedere Estate houses the National Library of India.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: After the capital moved from Calcutta to Delhi, the viceroy occupied the newly built Viceroy's House, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. Though construction began in 1912, it did not conclude until 1929; the palace was not formally inaugurated until 1931. The final cost exceeded £877,000 (over £35,000,000 in modern terms)—more than twice the figure originally allocated. Today the residence, now known by the Hindi name of 'Rashtrapati Bhavan', is used by the president of India.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Governor-General of India

Context: Throughout the British administration, governors-general retreated to the Viceregal Lodge "(now Rashtrapati Niwas)" at Shimla each summer to escape the heat, and the government of India moved with them. The Viceregal Lodge now houses the Indian Institute of Advanced Study.

Question: ভারতের প্রথম ভাইসরয় কে ছিলেন ?


Literacy in India

Context: Literacy in India is a key for social-economic progress. The 2011 census, indicated a 2001–2011 literacy growth of 9.2%, which is slower than the growth seen during the previous decade. An old analytical 1990 study estimated that it would take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy at then-current rate of progress.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: Literacy involves a continuum of learning enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society."

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: Also called the "effective literacy rate"; the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding. Here the denominator is the population aged seven years or more.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: The report on 'Household Social Consumption: Education in India as part of 75th round of National Sample Survey - from July 2017 to June 2018.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: The table below shows the adult and youth literacy rates for India and some neighboring countries in 2015.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: Adult literacy rate is based on the 15+ years age group, while the youth literacy rate is for the 15–24 years age group (i.e. youth is a subset of adults).

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: Prior to the colonial era, education in India typically occurred under the supervision of a guru in traditional schools called gurukulas. The gurukulas were supported by public donations and were one of the earliest forms of public school offices.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: According to the work of historian Dharampal, based on British documents from the early 1800s, pre-colonial education in India was fairly universal. Dharampal noted that the Hindu temple and/or mosque of each village had a school attached to it and the children of all castes and communities attended these schools.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: In the colonial era, the community-funded gurukul system and temple-based charity education, began to decline as the centrally funded institutions promoted by the British colonial administration began to gradually take over.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: From 1881 and 1947, the number of English-language primary schools grew from 82,916 to 134,866 and the number of students attending those institutions grew from 2,061,541 to 10,525,943. Literacy rates among the Indian public, as recorded rose from an estimated 3.2 per cent in 1872, to 16.1 per cent in 1941.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: In 2000–01, there were 60,840 pre-primary and pre-basic schools, and 664,041 primary and junior basic schools. Total enrolment at the primary level has increased from 19,200,000 in 1950–51 to 109,800,000 in 2001–02. The number of high schools in 2000–01 was higher than the number of primary schools at the time of independence.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: The literacy rate grew from 18.33 percent in 1951, to 74.04 percent in 2011. During the same period, the population grew from 361 million to 1,210 million.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: Every census since 1881 had indicated rising literacy in the country, but the population growth rate had been high enough that the absolute number of illiterate people rose with every decade. The 2001–2011 decade is the second census period (after the 1991–2001 census period) when the absolute number of Indian illiterate population declined (by 31,196,847 people), indicating that the literacy growth rate is now outstripping the population growth rate.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: Six Indian states account for about 60% of all illiterates in India: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh (including Telangana). Slightly less than half of all Indian illiterates (48.12%) are in the six states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: Several states in India have executed successful programs to boost literacy rates. Over time, a set of factors have emerged as being key to success: the official will to succeed, deliberate steps to engage the community in administering the program, adequate funding for infrastructure and teachers, and provisioning additional services which are considered valuable by the community (such as free school lunches).

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: Bihar has significantly raised the literacy rate as per the 2011 census. Literacy rate in year 1951 was only 13.49%, 21.95% in year 1961, 23.17% in year 1971 and 32.32% in year 1981. The literacy rate has risen from 39% in 1991 to 47% in 2001 to 63.8% in 2011. The Government of Bihar has launched several programs to boost literacy, and its Department of Adult Education won a UNESCO award in 1981.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: Extensive impoverishment, entrenched hierarchical social divisions and the lack of correlation between educational attainment and job opportunities are often cited in studies of the hurdles literacy programs face in Bihar. Children from "lower castes" are frequently denied school attendance and harassed when they do attend. In areas where there is discrimination, poor funding and impoverished families means that children often cannot afford textbooks and stationery.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: The holistic education system, implemented with equal interest in Agartala, remote areas and the tribal autonomic areas makes sure that people in Tripura do not just become literate but educated, officials emphasized. One pointer to the government's interest in education is the near-total absence of child labor in Tripura.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: The "National Literacy Mission", launched in 1988, aimed at attaining a literacy rate of 75 percent by 2007. Its charter is to impart functional literacy to non-literates in the age group of 35–75 years. The "Total Literacy Campaign" is their principal strategy for the eradication of illiteracy. The "Continuing Education Scheme" provides a learning continuum to the efforts of the Total Literacy and Post Literacy programs.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Literacy in India

Context: The motto of Manthan being "Saakshar Bharat, Sashakt Bharat", it has been providing quality education selflessly.

Question: ভারতবর্ষের কোন রাজ্যে স্বাক্ষরতার সংখ্যা সবচেয়ে বেশি ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: The Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE) was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea. Following a brutal five-month siege, the Romans destroyed the city and the Second Jewish Temple.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Josephus places the siege in the second year of Vespasian, which corresponds to year 70 of the Common Era.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: During the Second Temple Period, Jerusalem was the center of religious and national life for Jews, including those in the Diaspora. The Second Temple attracted tens and maybe hundreds of thousands during the Three Pilgrimage Festivals. The city reached a peak in size and population during the late Second Temple period, when the city covered and had an estimated population of 200,000. In his "Natural History," Pliny the Elder celebrated it as "by far, the most famous of the cities of the East".

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: According to Gittin (a tractate of the Mishnah and the Talmud) the origin of the war was in a personal dispute between Kamsa and Bar Kamsa over hospitality.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: During a brief period of renewed independence, indications are that Jerusalem enjoyed a sense of hope and prosperity. It minted its own coins and a new year count, beginning with its recent liberation, was initiated. This short-lived independence, however, was soon challenged by the Romans.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: In the summer of 69 CE, Vespasian departed Judea for Rome and in December became Emperor. Command of the Roman legions passed to his son Titus, who was now in charge of the siege of Jerusalem.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Titus began his siege a few days before Passover, on 14 April, surrounding the city with three legions (V "Macedonica", XII "Fulminata", XV "Apollinaris") on the western side and a fourth (X "Fretensis") on the Mount of Olives, to the east. If the reference in his "Jewish War" at 6:421 is to Titus's siege, though difficulties exist with its interpretation, then at the time, according to Josephus, Jerusalem was thronged with many people who had come to celebrate Passover.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: The thrust of the siege began in the west at the Third Wall, north of the Jaffa Gate. By May, this was breached and the Second Wall also was taken shortly afterwards, leaving the defenders in possession of the Temple and the upper and lower city.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: According to Josephus, when the Romans reached Antonia they tried to destroy the wall which protected it. They removed four stones only, but during the night the wall collapsed. "That night the wall was so shaken by the battering rams in that place where John had used his stratagem before, and had undermined their banks, that the ground then gave way, and the wall fell down suddenly." (v. 28)

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Following this, Titus had raised banks beside the court of the Temple: on the north-west corner, on the north side, and on the west side (v. 150).

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Josephus goes on to say that the Jews then attacked the Romans on the east, near the Mount of Olives, but Titus drove them back to the valley. Zealots set the north-west colonnade on fire (v. 165). The Romans set the next one on fire, and the Jews wanted it to burn (v. 166), and they also trapped some Roman soldiers when they wanted to climb over the wall. They had burned wood under the wall when Romans were trapped on it (v.178–183).

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: After Jewish allies killed a number of Roman soldiers, Josephus claims that Titus sent him to negotiate with the defenders; this ended with Jews wounding the negotiator with an arrow, and another sally was launched shortly after. Titus was almost captured during this sudden attack, but escaped.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: The Roman legions quickly crushed the remaining Jewish resistance. Some of the remaining Jews escaped through hidden tunnels and sewers, while others made a final stand in the Upper City. This defense halted the Roman advance as they had to construct siege towers to assail the remaining Jews. Herod's Palace fell on 7 September, and the city was completely under Roman control by 8 September. The Romans continued to pursue those who had fled the city.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: The account of Josephus described Titus as moderate in his approach and, after conferring with others, ordering that the 500-year-old Temple be spared. According to Josephus, it was the Jews who first used fire in the Northwest approach to the Temple to try and stop Roman advances. Only then did Roman soldiers set fire to an apartment adjacent to the Temple, starting a conflagration which the Jews subsequently made worse.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Josephus had acted as a mediator for the Romans and, when negotiations failed, witnessed the siege and aftermath. He wrote:

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Massive stone collapses from the Temple Mount's walls were discovered laying over the Herodian street that runs along the Western Wall. Among these stones is the Trumpeting Place inscription, a monumental Hebrew inscription which was thrown down by Roman legionnaires during the destruction of the Temple.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Josephus' death toll assumptions were rejected as impossible by Seth Schwartz (1984), as according to his estimates at that time about a million people lived in Palestine, about half of whom were Jews, and sizable Jewish populations remained in the area after the war was over, even in the hard-hit region of Judea.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Titus and his soldiers celebrated victory upon their return to Rome by parading the Menorah and Table of the Bread of God's Presence through the streets. Up until this parading, these items had only ever been seen by the High Priest of the Temple. This event was memorialized in the Arch of Titus.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Some 700 Judean prisoners were paraded through the streets of Rome in chains during the triumph, among them Simon bar Giora and John of Giscala. Simon bar Giora was executed by being thrown to his death from the Tarpeian Rock at the Temple of Jupiter after being judged a rebel and a traitor, while John of Giscala was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: According to Philostratus, writing in the early years of the 3rd century, Titus reportedly refused to accept a wreath of victory, saying that the victory did not come through his own efforts but that he had merely served as an instrument of divine wrath.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: Six decades after the suppression of the revolt, another revolt known as the Bar Kokhba revolt erupted in Judaea in 132 CE. The construction of a roman colony named Aelia Capitolina over the ruins of Jerusalem and the construction of a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount, among other things, are thought to have been major catalysts for the revolt.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: The Jewish Amoraim attributed the destruction of the Temple and Jerusalem as punishment from God for the "baseless" hatred that pervaded Jewish society at the time. Many Jews in despair are thought to have abandoned Judaism for some version of paganism, many others sided with the growing Christian sect within Judaism.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: The destruction was an important point in the separation of Christianity from its Jewish roots: many Christians responded by distancing themselves from the rest of Judaism, as reflected in the Gospels, which portray Jesus as anti-Temple and view the destruction of the temple as punishment for rejection of Jesus.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: In 75 CE, the Temple of Peace, also known as the Forum of Vespasian, was built under Emperor Vespasian in Rome. The monument was built to celebrate the conquest of Jerusalem and it is said to have housed the Temple Menorah from Herod's Temple.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)

Context: The Colosseum, otherwise known as the Flavian Amphitheater, built in Rome between 70 and 82 CE, is believed to have been partially financed by the spoils of the Roman victory over the Jews. Archaeological discoveries have found a block of travertine that bears dowel holes that show the Jewish Wars financed the building of the amphitheater.

Question: জেরুজালেম অবরোধ কারা করেছিলেন ?


Chronology of the universe

Context: The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology.

Question: পৃথিবীর অন্ধকার যুগ বলতে কোন সময়কে বোঝায় ?


Chronology of the universe

Context: Research published in 2015 estimates the earliest stages of the universe's existence as taking place 13.8 billion years ago, with an uncertainty of around 21 million years at the 68% confidence level.

Question: পৃথিবীর অন্ধকার যুগ বলতে কোন সময়কে বোঝায় ?


Chronology of the universe

Context: For the purposes of this summary, it is convenient to divide the chronology of the universe since it originated, into five parts. It is generally considered meaningless or unclear whether time existed before this chronology:

Question: পৃথিবীর অন্ধকার যুগ বলতে কোন সময়কে বোঝায় ?


Chronology of the universe

Context: The first picosecond (10−12) of cosmic time. It includes the Planck epoch, during which currently established laws of physics may not apply; the emergence in stages of the four known fundamental interactions or forces—first gravitation, and later the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions; and the expansion of space itself and supercooling of the still immensely hot universe due to cosmic inflation.

Question: পৃথিবীর অন্ধকার যুগ বলতে কোন সময়কে বোঝায় ?


Chronology of the universe

Context: Tiny ripples in the universe at this stage are believed to be the basis of large-scale structures that formed much later. Different stages of the very early universe are understood to different extents. The earlier parts are beyond the grasp of practical experiments in particle physics but can be explored through other means.

Question: পৃথিবীর অন্ধকার যুগ বলতে কোন সময়কে বোঝায় ?


Chronology of the universe

Context: This period lasted around 370,000 years. Initially, various kinds of subatomic particles are formed in stages. These particles include almost equal amounts of matter and antimatter, so most of it quickly annihilates, leaving a small excess of matter in the universe.

Question: পৃথিবীর অন্ধকার যুগ বলতে কোন সময়কে বোঝায় ?


Chronology of the universe

Context: At about one second, neutrinos decouple; these neutrinos form the cosmic neutrino background (CνB). If primordial black holes exist, they are also formed at about one second of cosmic time. Composite subatomic particles emerge—including protons and neutrons—and from about 2 minutes, conditions are suitable for nucleosynthesis: around 25% of the protons and all the neutrons fuse into heavier elements, initially deuterium which itself quickly fuses into mainly helium-4.

Question: পৃথিবীর অন্ধকার যুগ বলতে কোন সময়কে বোঝায় ?