Cat

Context: Cats conserve energy by sleeping more than most animals, especially as they grow older. The daily duration of sleep varies, usually between 12 and 16 hours, with 13 and 14 being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours. The term "cat nap" for a short rest refers to the cat's tendency to fall asleep (lightly) for a brief period. While asleep, cats experience short periods of rapid eye movement sleep often accompanied by muscle twitches, which suggests they are dreaming.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Redirected aggression is a common form of aggression which can occur in multiple cat households. In redirected aggression there is usually something that agitates the cat: this could be a sight, sound, or another source of stimuli which causes a heightened level of anxiety or arousal. If the cat cannot attack the stimuli, it may direct anger elsewhere by attacking or directing aggression to the nearest cat, dog, human or other being.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Domestic cats' scent rubbing behavior toward humans or other cats is thought to be a feline means for social bonding.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Purring may have developed as an evolutionary advantage as a signaling mechanism of reassurance between mother cats and nursing kittens. Post-nursing cats often purr as a sign of contentment: when being petted, becoming relaxed, or eating. The mechanism by which cats purr is elusive; the cat has no unique anatomical feature that is clearly responsible for the sound.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: The shape and structure of cats' cheeks is insufficient to allow them to take in liquids using suction. Therefore, when drinking they lap with the tongue to draw liquid upward into their mouths. Lapping at a rate of four times a second, the cat touches the smooth tip of its tongue to the surface of the water, and quickly retracts it like a corkscrew, drawing water upward.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Perhaps the best-known element of cats' hunting behavior, which is commonly misunderstood and often appalls cat owners because it looks like torture, is that cats often appear to "play" with prey by releasing it after capture. This cat and mouse behavior is due to an instinctive imperative to ensure that the prey is weak enough to be killed without endangering the cat.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Domestic cats, especially young kittens, are known for their love of play. This behavior mimics hunting and is important in helping kittens learn to stalk, capture, and kill prey. Cats also engage in play fighting, with each other and with humans. This behavior may be a way for cats to practice the skills needed for real combat, and might also reduce any fear they associate with launching attacks on other animals.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Female cats, called queens, are polyestrous with several estrus cycles during a year, lasting usually 21 days. They are usually ready to mate between early February and August.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: The morula forms 124 hours after conception. At 148 hours, early blastocysts form. At 10–12 days, implantation occurs. The gestation of queens lasts between 64 and 67 days, with an average of 65 days.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Data on the reproductive capacity of more than 2,300 free-ranging queens were collected during a study between May 1998 and October 2000. They had one to six kittens per litter, with an average of three kittens. They produced a mean of 1.4 litters per year, but a maximum of three litters in a year. Of 169 kittens, 127 died before they were six months old due to a trauma caused in most cases by dog attacks and road accidents.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: The first litter is usually smaller than subsequent litters. Kittens are weaned between six and seven weeks of age. Queens normally reach sexual maturity at 5–10 months, and males at 5–7 months. This varies depending on breed. Kittens reach puberty at the age of 9–10 months.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: The average lifespan of pet cats has risen in recent decades. In the early 1980s, it was about seven years, rising to 9.4 years in 1995 and about 15 years in 2021. Some cats have been reported as surviving into their 30s, with the oldest known cat, Creme Puff, dying at a verified age of 38.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Neutering increases life expectancy: one study found castrated male cats live twice as long as intact males, while spayed female cats live 62% longer than intact females. Having a cat neutered confers health benefits, because castrated males cannot develop testicular cancer, spayed females cannot develop uterine or ovarian cancer, and both have a reduced risk of mammary cancer.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Public attitudes toward feral cats vary widely, from seeing them as free-ranging pets to regarding them as vermin.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Some feral cats can be successfully socialized and 're-tamed' for adoption; young cats, especially kittens and cats that have had prior experience and contact with humans are the most receptive to these efforts.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: One feral cat in New Zealand killed 102 New Zealand lesser short-tailed bats in seven days. In the US, feral and free-ranging domestic cats kill an estimated 6.3 – 22.3 billion mammals annually.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: In Australia, the impact of cats on mammal populations is even greater than the impact of habitat loss. More than one million reptiles are killed by feral cats each day, representing 258 species. Cats have contributed to the extinction of the Navassa curly-tailed lizard and "Chioninia coctei."

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Cats are common pets throughout the world, and their worldwide population as of 2007 exceeded 500 million. Cats have been used for millennia to control rodents, notably around grain stores and aboard ships, and both uses extend to the present day.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: As well as being kept as pets, cats are also used in the international fur trade and leather industries for making coats, hats, blankets, and stuffed toys; and shoes, gloves, and musical instruments respectively (about 24 cats are needed to make a cat-fur coat). This use has been outlawed in the United States since 2000 and in the European Union (as well as the United Kingdom) since 2007.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: Cat pelts have been used for superstitious purposes as part of the practice of witchcraft, and are still made into blankets in Switzerland as traditional medicine thought to cure rheumatism.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: A cat show is a judged event in which the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat-registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard. It is often required that a cat must be healthy and vaccinated in order to participate in a cat show. Both pedigreed and non-purebred companion ("moggy") cats are admissible, although the rules differ depending on the organization. Competing cats are compared to the applicable breed standard, and assessed for temperament.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Cat

Context: The cat family (Felidae) can pass down many colors and patterns to their offsprings. The domestic cat genes "MC1R" and "ASIP" allow for the variety of color in coats. The feline ASIP gene consists of three coding exons. Three novel microsatellite markers linked to ASIP were isolated from a domestic cat BAC clone containing this gene and were used to perform linkage analysis in a pedigree of 89 domestic cats that segregated for melanism.

Question: ما هي المدة الوسطية للحمل عند القطط ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Human rights in Jordan are similar to or better than those elsewhere in the Middle East. Human Rights Watch reported in January 2018 that although recently there have been far-reaching reforms of the laws and regulations in the country, abuses against basic rights such as freedom of expression persisted.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: According to Freedom House, Jordan is ranked as the fifth-freest Arab country, but still regarded as "not free" in the 2021 report. It is also classified as having an authoritarian regime according to a 2020 democracy index.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: The 2010 Arab Democracy Index from the Arab Reform Initiative ranked Jordan first in the state of democratic reforms out of fifteen Arab countries.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: On 3 April 2021 a series of arrests were carried out. The Jordanian authorities arrested 19 people, including Prince Hamzah, who was put under house arrest. Arrests also included the prince's chief of staff and other figures associated with him, in addition to a member of the royal family, Sharif Hassan bin Zaid, and Bassem Awadallah, former Chief of the Royal Hashemite Court and Jordan's former envoy to Saudi Arabia.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Jordan is a constitutional monarchy ruled by King Abdullah II bin Hussein. The constitution concentrates executive and legislative authority in the king.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: The law does not provide citizens the right to change their monarch or government. The king appoints and dismisses the prime minister, cabinet, the Assembly of Senators, and judges, may dissolve parliament, commands the military, and directs major public policy initiatives. The cabinet, based on the prime minister's recommendation, appoints the mayors of Amman, Wadi Musa (Petra), and Aqaba, a special economic zone. The mayors of the other 93 municipalities are elected.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Opposition movements are legal in Jordan and are involved in Jordan's political life. The government licenses political parties and other associations and prohibits membership in unlicensed political parties. There are over 50 licensed political parties, but only a few have a substantial impact at the national level.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: In the 2010 Press Freedom Index maintained by Reporters Without Borders, Jordan ranked 120th out of 178 countries listed, 5th out of the 20 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. Jordan's score was 37 on a scale from 0 (most free) to 105 (least free).

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: The law provides for up to three years' imprisonment for insulting the king, slandering the government or foreign leaders, offending religious beliefs, or stirring sectarian strife and sedition. In practice citizens are generally able to criticize the government, although they reportedly exercise caution in regard to the king, the royal family, the General Intelligence Directorate (GID), and other sensitive topics such as religion.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: There were several instances in which the government prohibited journalists from reporting on high-profile court cases. For example, a State Security Court attorney general prohibited the press from reporting or commenting on the case of the Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company expansion project without his personal approval, purportedly to allow the judicial authorities to work "calmly" on the case.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: In May 2006, two journalists involved in reprinting three of the 12 Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons were issued a two-month prison sentence. Jordan was the only Muslim country to reprint the Danish cartoons depicting the Muhammed in one of its newspapers. The two Jordanian editors responsible were sacked and pressured to issue a public apology.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: At the beginning of 2009, King Abdullah II issued a royal decree forbidding jailing of journalists in Jordan, an act praised by human rights groups in Jordan and around the world.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: According to US Department of State's Human Rights Reports in 2015 legal and societal discrimination and harassment remained a problem for religious minorities, and religious converts.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: The Jordanian Constitution provides for the freedom to practice one's religion in accordance with the customs in the Kingdom, unless they violate public order or morality. Jordan's state religion is Islam. The Government bans conversion from Islam and efforts to proselytize Muslims. While proselytizing to Christians may not be banned, it is equally not favored and very hampered with bureaucratic red tape that renders it near impossible to legalize.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: The US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report of 2009 indicated that there were "no reports that the practice of any faith was prohibited" in Jordan. In fact, Jordan has been highlighted as a model of interfaith dialogue. The study also concluded that in the last year there were "no reports of misuse or neglect" of the Kingdom's diverse religious sites, as well as no reports of "harassment, discrimination, or restrictions" to worshippers.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Jordan is a destination for women and men subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically conditions of forced labor and, to a lesser extent, forced prostitution. Jordan is possibly a source and transit country for women and men subjected to conditions of forced labor and forced commercial sexual exploitation. There are also reports of Jordanian child laborers experiencing conditions of forced labor.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: In 2009, an Anti-Human Trafficking Law was endorsed by the government that severely restricts human trafficking in the Kingdom and creates a committee to promote public awareness on the issue. Jordan in cooperation with the Filipino Government worked out an agreement which gave a wide range of rights to domestic workers and access to legal protection, the first Arab country to do so.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: After a moratorium since 2006 there were eleven executions on 21 December 2014, all detainees were men convicted of murder. Amendments to the penal code have reduced the number of capital offenses. State security, smuggling, arson resulting in death, and inciting armed riot cases are no longer capital crimes. In March 2010, the Justice Minister announced that the crime of rape may cease to be a capital offense. In the future it is possible that the death penalty will be limited to cases of murder.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: At the end of 2010 the government reports that 46 people were under sentence of death and six new death sentences were imposed during the year. Amnesty International reports nine new death sentences in 2010.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Fifteen executions were carried on dawn of 4 March 2017; ten convicted with terrorism and the remaining 5 with murder and rape of minors. Those convicted with terrorism were part of a terror attack in Irbid, an attack on intelligence officers and the attack on Jordanian writer Nahed Hattar.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Jordanian law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, but according to local and international human rights groups, the government does not always observe these prohibitions in practice.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Citizens and NGOs allege that the government continues to detain individuals, including political opposition members, for political reasons, and that governors continued to use administrative detentions for what appeared to be political reasons. In a few cases, the media and human rights organizations reported that authorities kept detainees in solitary confinement and denied them access to lawyers.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: In facilities operated by the General Intelligence Directorate (GID) there are allegations of long periods of incommunicado detention, lengthy pretrial detention without being informed of charges, and not allowing defendants to meet with their lawyers or permitting meetings only shortly before trial.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Jordanian law provides for an independent judiciary; however, the judiciary's independence in practice may be compromised by nepotism and the influence of special interests.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Freedom House rates women's rights in five categories, each scored from one (lowest level of freedom) to five (highest level):

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: In 2009 of 18 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries surveyed, Jordan ranked in the upper third for each category (between 4th and 7th).

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Limited economic opportunity is one of the main reasons for poor scores in many of the above categories. It is not just discrimination that accounts for high rates of unemployment, but also genuine economic difficulties and shortages of jobs. "The shrinking of the public sector disproportionately affects women, the location of jobs matters more for women than for men, and discrimination in the private sector remains".

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: In 2005 Freedom House criticized Jordan for its poor women's rights record, but also acknowledged that the "status of women in Jordan is currently undergoing a historic transition, with women achieving a number of positive gains and new rights."

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Today, Jordanian women largely enjoy legal equality in freedom of movement, health care, education, political participation, and employment. And, while the attitudes of police officers, judges, and prosecutors regarding the treatment of victims of domestic violence and honor crimes have undergone a positive shift in recent years, gender-based violence remains a serious concern.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: There remains gender-based discrimination in family laws, in the provision of pensions and social security benefits, and on the societal level due to deeply entrenched patriarchal norms that restrict female employment and property ownership. And women do not have the same status as men with respect to nationality. A Jordanian man may marry a foreigner and pass on his nationality to his children; women cannot. Nor can women pass on their nationality to their husbands.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Women are no longer required to seek permission from their male guardians or husbands before obtaining or renewing their passports, but fathers may still prevent their children from traveling regardless of the mother's wishes. Muslim women are prohibited from marrying men of other religions unless the spouse agrees to convert to Islam, while Muslim men are permitted to wed Christian and Jewish wives.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: In 2013, the U.S. Department of Labor's "Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor" reported that Jordan has "made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor" but that a percentage as low as 0.8% of children aged 5 to 14 continue to engage in child labor, mostly in the agricultural sector and in domestic service.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: In December 2014, the department issued a "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor" where Jordan figures among 74 other countries that resort to such labor practices. Jordan was reported to make use of forced labor in the garment industry.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Legal and societal discrimination and harassment remained a problem for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons in Jordan.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Jordan is one of the few countries in the Middle East where homosexuality is legal, provided that it occurs in private, does not involve prostitution, and only involves consenting adults. However, sexual orientation and gender identity issues remain taboo within the traditional culture and the government does not recognize same-sex civil unions or marriages.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Transgender Jordanians may be allowed to change their legal Sex, however Sex Reassignment Surgery is required.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Human rights in Jordan

Context: Jordan was the only country in the Middle East and North Africa that is a member of the International Criminal Court (ICC), which prosecutes those who commit crimes against humanity, war crimes, aggression, and genocide, until Tunisia became a member in 2011. Palestine became a member of ICCC in 2015.

Question: هل توجد حرية إعلام في الأردن ؟


Witr

Context: Witr () is an Islamic prayer ("salat") that is performed at night after "Isha" (night-time prayer) or before "fajr" (dawn prayer). Witr has an odd number of "raka'at" prayed in pairs, with the final raka'ah prayed separately. Therefore, as little as one raka'ah can be prayed, and eleven at most. Although most Hansfis pray 3 raka'ah with dua qunoot in the third raka'ah.

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: According to Abdullah ibn Umar, Muhammad said, "The night prayer is offered as two raka'at followed by two raka'at and so on and if anyone is afraid of the approaching dawn (fajr prayer), he should pray one raka'ah and this will be a witr for all the raka'at which he has prayed before."

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: In a "hadith" transmitted by Abu Darda, he states that Muhammad enjoined to him three things: to fast three days every month, to offer the witr salat before sleep, and to offer two raka'at sunnah for fajr.

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: But there are many "aḥādīth" that show the best time for the witr salat to be at night. If someone fears that he would not be able to awake, or may die in their sleep, then the prayer should be performed before sleeping.

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: Therefore, he or she who performs "tahajjud" (night prayer) regularly should perform witr after tahajjud.

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: It is recorded that Ali bin Abu Talib said, "The witr prayer is not required like your obligatory prayers but the Prophet would perform the witr prayer and say, 'O you people of the Quran, perform the witr prayer, for Allah is One and He loves the witr.'"

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: The literal meaning of witr is "chord of a circle". Considering the whole day as a circle along which all the prayers are located, the maghrib salat is offered at the sunset (beginning of the night). It has an un-paired (odd) number of raka'at. By offering the odd raka'at of witr as the last prayer of the night, a chord is created by pairing these two un-paired raka'ats of each of the maghrib's and witr's.

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: Narrated by Al-Hasan ibn Ali (who is the grandson of Muhammad, he said he was taught by Muhammad to say the "qunūt du‘ā’" in Arabic as follows:

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: اللَّهُمَّ اهْدِنِي فِيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ وَعَافِنِي فِيمَنْ عَافَيْتَ وَتَوَلَّنِي فِيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ وَبَارِكْ لِي فِيمَا أَعْطَيْتَ وَقِنِي شَرَّ مَا قَضَيْتَ إِنَّكَ تَقْضِي وَلاَ يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ وَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَّالَيْتَ وَلاَ يَعِزُّ مَنْ عَادَيْتَ تَبَارَكْتَ رَبَّنَا وَتَعَالَيْتَ

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: "Allahumma ’hdi-niy fiyman hadayt, wa-‘āfi-niy fiyman ‘āfayt, wa-tawalla-niy fiyman tawallayt, wa-bārik liy fiy-mā ’a‘ṭayt, wa-qiniy sharra mā qadhayt, inna-ka taqdiy wa-lā yuqdhā ‘alayk, wa-inna-hu lā yaḏillu maw wālayt, wa-lā ya‘izzu man ‘ādayt, tabārakta Rabba-nā wa-ta‘ālayt".

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: “O Allah guide me among those You have guided, pardon me among those You have pardoned, befriend me among those You have befriended, bless me in what You have granted, and save me from the evil that You decreed. Indeed You decree, and none can pass decree, and none can pass decree upon You, indeed he is not humiliated whom You have befriended, blessed are You our Lord and Exalted.”

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: Hanafi commonly recite second version of supplication of Witr prayer (Arabic:دعاء صلاة الوتر "du‘ā’ ṣalātu ’l-Witr") as follows, which is said in the last raka‘at of "witr" (since one raka'at follows the Sunnah, in this case performing in odd numbers - 3,5,7,9 or 11 raka'ats)"," first by saying "takbir" with hands up, then saying the following verses before "ruku‘":

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: اَللَّهُمَّ إنا نَسْتَعِينُكَ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَنُؤْمِنُ بِكَ ,وَنَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْكَ, وَنُثْنِئْ عَلَيْكَ الخَيْرَ. وَنَشْكُرُكَ وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ وَنَخْلَعُ وَنَتْرُكُ مَنْ يَّفْجُرُكَ. اَللَّهُمَّ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ, وَلَكَ نُصَلِّئ وَنَسْجُدُ, وَإِلَيْكَ نَسْعأئ وَنَحْفِدُ, وَنَرْجُو رَحْمَتَكَ وَنَخْشآئ عَذَابَكَ, إِنَّ عَذَابَكَ بِالكُفَّارِ مُلْحَقٌ

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: "Allahumma in-nā nasta‘iynu-ka wa-nastaghfiru-ka wa-nu’minu bi-ka, wa-natawaku ‘alay-ka, wa-nuth-nī ‘alay-ka ’l-khayr(a). Wa-nashkuru-ka wa-lā nakfuru-ka wa-nakhla‘u wa-natru-ku may yafjuru-k(a). Allahumma iyya-ka na‘abudu, wa-laka nuṣallī wa-nasjudu, wa-ilay-ka nas‘ā wa-naḥfidu, wa-narjū raḥmataka wa nakhshā ‘azaba-k(a), in-nā ‘azaba-ka bi’l-kuffāri mulhiq."

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: "O Allah! We invoke you for help, and beg for forgiveness, and we believe in you and have trust in you and we praise you, in the best way we can; and we thank you and we are not ungrateful to you, and we forsake and turn away from the one who disobeys you. O Allah! We worship you and prostrate ourselves before you, and we hasten towards you and serve you, and we hope to receive your mercy and we dread your torment. Surely, the disbelievers shall incur your torment."

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: Ibn ‘Uqayl al-Hanbali narrated that duas narrated from Muhammad should be what is recited as regular word, and anything added to it is by way of a concession. He said: What is "mustahabb" in our view is that which was narrated by al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali from the Prophet (SWS): “"Allahumma ihdini"…” – the well-known "hadīth".

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: He said: "If one adds to that the words narrated from ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), “"Allahumma in-nā nasta‘iynu-ka"… (O Allah, we seek Your help)…”, there is nothing wrong with that. End quote."

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: In some cases, the one who prays can perform the "du‘ā’ ṣalātu ’l-Witr", it is permissible to make the "qunūt" before going into "ruku‘" (bowing), or it may be recited when one stands up straight after the "ruku‘."

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: ""Humaid says: "I asked Anas: 'Is the qunut before or after the ruku?' he said: 'We would do it before or after.""

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


Witr

Context: This hadith was related by Ibn Majah and Muhammad ibn Nasr. In Fath al-Bari, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani comments that its chain is faultless.

Question: ماهى صلاة الشفع ؟


John Cena

Context: John Felix Anthony Cena ( ; born April 23, 1977) is an American professional wrestler, actor, and former rapper, currently signed to WWE. Widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time, he is tied with Ric Flair for the most world championship reigns in professional wrestling history.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena's call-up to the main roster meant that he was part of OVW's now legendary Class of 2002, alongside Brock Lesnar, Randy Orton and Batista, a class which would eventually become known as the "OVW 4".

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena defeated JBL at WrestleMania to win the WWE Championship, giving him his first world championship. Cena then had a spinner WWE Championship belt made. JBL took the original title belt and claimed he was still the WWE Champion, until Cena defeated him in an "I Quit" match at Judgment Day to retain the championship.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena made his in-ring return at Survivor Series, defeating Chris Jericho to win his first World Heavyweight Championship. The two continued their rivalry until Armageddon, where Cena retained his championship. After defeating JBL at the Royal Rumble, Cena lost the championship at No Way Out to Edge, who attacked Kofi Kingston and took his place in the Elimination Chamber match. Cena received his rematch for the title at WrestleMania 25 in a triple threat match also involving Big Show, which he won.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: The following night on "Raw", Cena gave a farewell speech, before costing Barrett the WWE Championship by interfering in his rematch with Orton. A week later, Cena invaded "Raw", first as a spectator, but then attacked members of Nexus, explaining that he would still take down Nexus one by one, despite not being employed. On the December 13 episode of "Raw", Cena was rehired by Barrett in exchange that he would face him at in a chairs match, which Cena won.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: On the January 5 episode of "Raw", The Authority added Rollins to the title match at the Royal Rumble involving Cena and Lesnar. Ziggler, Ryback and Rowan were "fired" for joining Team Cena at Survivor Series. On the January 19 episode of "Raw", Cena won a handicap match against Rollins, Big Show and Kane to retain his title shot at the Royal Rumble and win back the jobs of Ziggler, Ryback and Rowan. At the Royal Rumble, Cena was unsuccessful in capturing the title.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: On the June 6, 2022 episode of "Raw", it was announced that Cena will return on the June 27 episode of "Raw", which will mark the 20th anniversary of his main roster in ring debut.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena has been called the greatest professional wrestler of all time by his peers Kurt Angle, and John "Bradshaw" Layfield, as well as by veteran industry personality Paul Heyman. When discussing Cena's legacy on his podcast, Jim Cornette (who was head booker of OVW while Cena was there) stated "I think [Cena is] the last big star in wrestling", praising his work ethic, athletic ability and microphone skills.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: WWE chairman Vince McMahon said he regarded John Cena as the WWE's Babe Ruth. "Bleacher Report" named Cena one of the 10 greatest WWE wrestlers of all time.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: WWE Studios, a division of WWE which produces and finances motion pictures, produced Cena's first movie—"The Marine", which was distributed theatrically by 20th Century Fox America beginning on October 13, 2006. In its first week, the film made approximately US$7 million at the United States box office. After ten weeks in theaters, the film grossed $18.7 million. Once the film was released on DVD, it fared better, making $30 million in rentals in the first twelve weeks.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: His second film, also produced by WWE Studios, was "12 Rounds". Filming began on February 25, 2008, in New Orleans; the film was released on March 27, 2009.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena co-starred in his third film produced by WWE Studios, titled "Legendary", which was played in selected theaters beginning on September 10, 2010 for a limited time. It was then released on DVD on September 28, 2010. That same year, Cena starred in the children's film "", a film based on Lucas Cruikshank's YouTube videos of the same name, where he plays Fred's imaginary father. The movie was first aired on Nickelodeon in September 2010.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: In 2019, Cena was cast in Justin Lin's "F9", playing the brother of Vin Diesel's character Dominic Toretto. During the film's promotional tour in 2021, Cena referred to Taiwan as "a country". He subsequently posted an apology on social media as China considers Taiwan a part of China. Comedian and political commentator Bill Maher criticized Cena for his apology to China.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena also was cast as Christopher Smith / Peacemaker in James Gunn's "The Suicide Squad", a role originally intended for Dave Bautista.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Before his WWE debut, Cena made an appearance on the webcast "Go Sick" as Bruebaker, an angry, cursing wrestler in 2001.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: In 2020, he appeared in a video produced by Last Week Tonight with John Oliver on "thetruetruetruth.com" refuting coronavirus conspiracy theories. Clips from the video also appeared on the main show.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: In 2001, between his training in Ultimate Pro Wrestling and Ohio Valley Wrestling, Cena was involved in the UPN produced reality show "Manhunt", in which he portrayed Big Tim Kingman, leader of the group of bounty hunters who chased down the contestants who acted as fugitives. The show, however, was mired in controversy when it was alleged that the portions of the show were rigged to eliminate certain players, scenes were re-shot or staged to enhance drama and contestants read from scripts.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena was featured on the ABC reality series "", which aired in June 2007, making it to the final round before being eliminated on June 24, placing third in the competition overall.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena hosted the Australian Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards with Natalie Bassingthwaighte on October 11, 2008 in Melbourne. Cena guest starred as Ewan O'Hara, brother of Juliet O'Hara, in an episode of the fourth season of the comedy drama "Psych". He also guest starred as himself in the seventh episode of Disney Channel's "Hannah Montana Forever".

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: On August 17, 2015, Cena guest co-hosted "Today" on NBC. He co-hosted the show again on December 28 and 29, 2015. Cena appeared on "Late Night with Seth Meyers" on August 21, 2015. Cena co-hosted "Today" again on March 28–30 and May 9, 10, 13 and 30, 2016.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena hosted two seasons of "American Grit" on Fox, a reality television series with 10 episodes. 16 men and women were split into four teams, where challenges were given. A US$1 million prize was given to the winning team. "American Grit" premiered on Fox on April 14, 2016, and the finale of season 1 aired on June 9. Cena hosted the ESPN ESPY Awards on July 13, 2016, in Los Angeles. On December 10, 2016, Cena was the guest host of "Saturday Night Live" ("SNL") on NBC.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: In addition to his wrestling career, Cena is a rapper. He performed his fifth WWE theme song, "Basic Thuganomics", and it was featured on the WWE soundtrack album "WWE Originals". He also recorded a song, "Untouchables", for the company's next soundtrack album "". He collaborated on a remix for the song along with Murs, E-40, and Chingo Bling.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: In October 2014, Cena was featured on two songs with rapper Wiz Khalifa for his two singles "All Day" and "Breaks" for the soundtrack to the "WWE 2K15" video game.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: In 2009, Cena expanded his relationship with Gillette by introducing a new online campaign called "Be A Superstar" featuring himself alongside fellow WWE wrestlers Chris Jericho and Cody Rhodes. The campaign features motivational videos. After Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson called Cena "Fruity Pebbles" during their feud (in reference to Cena's colorful merchandise) Cena appeared on the box of Fruity Pebbles cereal in 2013.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: He was the pace car driver for the 58th annual Daytona 500. On October 13, 2016, Cena made his debut as the voice of Ernie the Elephant in a new commercial campaign launched by Wonderful Pistachios. He was named to "Adweek's" "Creative 100" and received praise for his performance. In 2020, Cena and Honda announced a partnership, with Cena becoming the new voice of Honda.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena has granted over 650 wishes for children with life-threatening illnesses through the Make-A-Wish Foundation — the most in Make-A-Wish history. In 2009, Cena received the Chris Greicius Celebrity Award.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: From late 2011 until WrestleMania XXVIII, Cena wore a black "Rise Above Hate" T-shirt promoting WWE's "Be a Star" anti-bullying campaign. In September and October 2012, Cena wore pink and black with the phrase "Rise Above Cancer" in partnership with Susan G. Komen for the Cure as part of Breast Cancer Awareness Month.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: In November 2016, Cena appeared in a public service announcement, "We Are America", sponsored by the Ad Council as part of its "Love Has No Labels" campaign.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena made a $1 million donation to Black Lives Matter in June 2020 as part of the #MatchAMillion initiative made popular by k-pop band BTS.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: He has said numerous times that he does not want to have children because he does not want to be an absentee parent while he is focused on his career.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: While promoting his 2009 film "12 Rounds", Cena announced his engagement to Elizabeth Huberdeau. They were married on July 11, 2009. On May 1, 2012, Cena filed for divorce, which was finalized on July 18. Later that year, he began dating fellow wrestler Nikki Bella. They became engaged when Cena proposed to her at WrestleMania 33 on April 2, 2017, but ended their relationship in April 2018; they had been scheduled to marry on May 5.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena is a fan of anime and has named "Fist of the North Star" as his favorite anime film. He also plays video games, citing the "Command & Conquer" series as his favorite. Cena supports numerous sports teams from his hometown area, such as the Boston Bruins, the Boston Celtics, the Boston Red Sox, and the New England Patriots, as well as English soccer team Tottenham Hotspur FC. He has over 20 muscle cars, some of which are one-of-a-kind.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: Cena started learning Mandarin Chinese in 2016 to help the WWE expand its reach, and he spoke in Mandarin at a press conference in China. He also revealed in April 2018 that he learned to play the piano.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: In December 2017, the Ford Motor Company filed a lawsuit against Cena for selling his 2017 Ford GT, therefore violating his purchase agreement. According to Ford, he signed a contract to keep the car for at least two years but breached the agreement by selling it to make a net profit shortly after receiving it.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: In July 2018, Cena briefly moved to China, where he settled in Yinchuan. He went on to create a YouTube show on WWE's channel, highlighting his trips to local stores and markets. He explained that he would be living there for five months while working on a film, "Project X-Traction", with Jackie Chan. The shoot concluded in November 2018.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


John Cena

Context: On October 12, 2020, Cena married girlfriend Shay Shariatzadeh, whom he had been dating since early 2019, in a private ceremony in Tampa, Florida. The two met during the production of Cena's 2019 film "Playing with Fire", which was filmed in Vancouver, where Shariatzadeh works.

Question: متى انضم المصارع جون سينا لاتحاد المصارعة ؟


Jesus

Context: A typical Jew in Jesus' time had only one name, sometimes followed by the phrase "son of [father's name]", or the individual's hometown. Thus, in the New Testament, Jesus is commonly referred to as "Jesus of Nazareth". Jesus' neighbors in Nazareth refer to him as "the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon", "the carpenter's son", or "Joseph's son". In the Gospel of John, the disciple Philip refers to him as "Jesus son of Joseph from Nazareth".

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The English name "Jesus" is derived from the Latin "Iesus", itself a transliteration of the Greek ('). The Greek form is probably a rendering of the Hebrew and Aramaic name ("Yēšūaʿ"), a shorter variant of the earlier Hebrew name ("Yəhōšūaʿ", English: "Joshua"). The name "Yəhōšūaʿ" likely means "Yah saves". This was also the name of Moses's successor and of a Jewish high priest in the Hebrew Bible, both of whom are represented in the Septuagint (a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible) as '.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The name "Yeshua" appears to have been in use in Judea at the time of the birth of Jesus. The 1st-century works of historian Flavius Josephus, who wrote in Koine Greek, the same language as that of the New Testament, refer to at least twenty different people with the name Jesus (i.e. Ἰησοῦς). The etymology of Jesus' name in the context of the New Testament is generally given as "Yahweh is salvation".

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Gospel of Matthew states that an angel appeared to Jesus' adoptive father, Joseph, to tell Joseph about his future son and to name him Jesus because "he will save his people from their sins":

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.”

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Christians of the time designated Jesus as "the Christ" because they believed him to be the messiah, whose arrival is prophesied in the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. In postbiblical usage, "Christ" became viewed as a name — one part of "Jesus Christ". Etymons of the term "Christian" (meaning a follower of Christ) have been in use since the 1st century.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Some early Christian groups had separate descriptions of Jesus' life and teachings that are not in the New Testament. These include the Gospel of Thomas, Gospel of Peter, and Gospel of Judas, the Apocryphon of James, and many other apocryphal writings. Most scholars conclude that these were written much later and are less reliable accounts than the canonical gospels.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The canonical gospels are four accounts, each by a different author. The authors of the Gospels are all anonymous, attributed by tradition to the four evangelists, each with close ties to Jesus: Mark by John Mark, an associate of Peter; Matthew by one of Jesus' disciples; Luke by a companion of Paul mentioned in a few epistles; and John by another of Jesus' disciples, the "beloved disciple".

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Concerning the accuracy of the accounts, viewpoints run the gamut from considering them inerrant descriptions of Jesus' life, to doubting whether they are historically reliable on a number of points, to considering them to provide very little historical information about his life beyond the basics. According to a broad scholarly consensus, the Synoptic Gospels (the first three—Matthew, Mark, and Luke) are the most reliable sources of information about Jesus.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: According to the Marcan priority, the first to be written was the Gospel of Mark (written AD 60–75), followed by the Gospel of Matthew (AD 65–85), the Gospel of Luke (AD 65–95), and the Gospel of John (AD 75–100). Most scholars agree that the authors of Matthew and Luke used Mark as a source for their gospels. Since Matthew and Luke also share some content not found in Mark, many scholars assume that they used another source (commonly called the "Q source") in addition to Mark.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The identifies Jesus as an incarnation of the divine Word (Logos). As the Word, Jesus was eternally present with God, active in all creation, and the source of humanity's moral and spiritual nature. Jesus is not only greater than any past human prophet but greater than any prophet could be. He not only speaks God's Word; he is God's Word. In the Gospel of John, Jesus reveals his divine role publicly. Here he is the Bread of Life, the Light of the World, the True Vine and more.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Jesus' childhood home is identified in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew as the town of Nazareth in Galilee, where he lived with his family. Although Joseph appears in descriptions of Jesus' childhood, no mention is made of him thereafter. His other family members—his mother, Mary, his brothers James, Joses (or Joseph), Judas and Simon and his unnamed sisters—are mentioned in the Gospels and other sources.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Gospel of Mark reports that Jesus comes into conflict with his neighbors and family. Jesus' mother and brothers come to get him because people are saying that he is crazy. Jesus responds that his followers are his true family. In John, Mary follows Jesus to his crucifixion, and he expresses concern over her well-being.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Jesus is called a τέκτων ("tektōn") in , traditionally understood as carpenter but it could cover makers of objects in various materials, including builders. The Gospels indicate that Jesus could read, paraphrase, and debate scripture, but this does not necessarily mean that he received formal scribal training.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Gospel of John leaves out Jesus' baptism and temptation. Here, John the Baptist testifies that he saw the Spirit descend on Jesus. John publicly proclaims Jesus as the sacrificial Lamb of God, and some of John's followers become disciples of Jesus. In this Gospel, John denies that he is Elijah. Before John is imprisoned, Jesus leads his followers to baptize disciples as well, and they baptize more people than John.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Synoptics depict two distinct geographical settings in Jesus' ministry. The first takes place north of Judea, in Galilee, where Jesus conducts a successful ministry, and the second shows Jesus rejected and killed when he travels to Jerusalem. Often referred to as "rabbi", Jesus preaches his message orally. Notably, Jesus forbids those who recognize him as the messiah to speak of it, including people he heals and demons he exorcises (see Messianic Secret).

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: John depicts Jesus' ministry as largely taking place in and around Jerusalem, rather than in Galilee; and Jesus' divine identity is openly proclaimed and immediately recognized.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: As Jesus travels towards Jerusalem, in the Perean ministry, he returns to the area where he was baptized, about a third of the way down from the Sea of Galilee along the Jordan River. The final ministry in Jerusalem begins with Jesus' triumphal entry into the city on Palm Sunday. In the Synoptic Gospels, during that week Jesus drives the money changers from the Second Temple and Judas bargains to betray him. This period culminates in the Last Supper and the Farewell Discourse.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In Mark, the disciples are notably obtuse. They fail to understand Jesus' miracles, his parables, or what "rising from the dead" means. When Jesus is later arrested, they desert him.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In the Synoptics, Jesus teaches extensively, often in parables, about the Kingdom of God (or, in Matthew, the Kingdom of Heaven). The Kingdom is described as both imminent and already present in the ministry of Jesus. Jesus promises inclusion in the Kingdom for those who accept his message. He talks of the "Son of Man", an apocalyptic figure who will come to gather the chosen.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: John's Gospel presents the teachings of Jesus not merely as his own preaching, but as divine revelation. John the Baptist, for example, states in : "He whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for he gives the Spirit without measure." In Jesus says, "My teaching is not mine but his who sent me." He asserts the same thing in : "Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me? The words that I say to you I do not speak on my own; but the Father who dwells in me does his works."

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: At about the middle of each of the three Synoptic Gospels are two significant events: the Confession of Peter and the Transfiguration of Jesus. These two events are not mentioned in the Gospel of John.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In his Confession, Peter tells Jesus, "You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God." Jesus affirms that Peter's confession is divinely revealed truth. After the confession, Jesus tells his disciples about his upcoming death and resurrection.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In the Transfiguration, Jesus takes Peter and two other apostles up an unnamed mountain, where "he was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his clothes became dazzling white." A bright cloud appears around them, and a voice from the cloud says, "This is my Son, the Beloved; with him I am well pleased; listen to him."

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The description of the last week of the life of Jesus (often called Passion Week) occupies about one third of the narrative in the canonical gospels, starting with Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem and ending with his Crucifixion.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In the Synoptics, the last week in Jerusalem is the conclusion of the journey through Perea and Judea that Jesus began in Galilee. Jesus rides a young donkey into Jerusalem, reflecting the tale of the Messiah's Donkey, an oracle from the Book of Zechariah in which the Jews' humble king enters Jerusalem this way. People along the way lay cloaks and small branches of trees (known as palm fronds) in front of him and sing part of Psalms 118:25-26.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Jesus comes into conflict with the Jewish elders, such as when they question his authority and when he criticizes them and calls them hypocrites. Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles, secretly strikes a bargain with the Jewish elders, agreeing to betray Jesus to them for 30 silver coins.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Gospel of John recounts of two other feasts in which Jesus taught in Jerusalem before the Passion Week. In Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead. This potent sign increases the tension with authorities, who conspire to kill him. Mary of Bethany anoints Jesus' feet, foreshadowing his entombment. Jesus then makes his Messianic entry into Jerusalem.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The cheering crowds greeting Jesus as he enters Jerusalem add to the animosity between him and the establishment. In John, Jesus has already cleansed the Second Temple during an earlier Passover visit to Jerusalem. John next recounts Jesus' Last Supper with his disciples.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In John 18:1–11, Jesus does not pray to be spared his crucifixion, as the gospel portrays him as scarcely touched by such human weakness. The people who arrest him are Roman soldiers and Temple guards. Instead of being betrayed by a kiss, Jesus proclaims his identity, and when he does, the soldiers and officers fall to the ground. The gospel identifies Peter as the disciple who used the sword, and Jesus rebukes him for it.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Roman soldiers break the two thieves' legs (a procedure designed to hasten death in a crucifixion), but they do not break those of Jesus, as he is already dead (John 19:33). In John 19:34, one soldier pierces Jesus' side with a lance, and blood and water flow out. In the Synoptics, when Jesus dies, the heavy curtain at the Temple is torn. In Matthew 27:51–54, an earthquake breaks open tombs. In Matthew and Mark, terrified by the events, a Roman centurion states that Jesus was the Son of God.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: On the same day, Joseph of Arimathea, with Pilate's permission and with Nicodemus's help, removes Jesus' body from the cross, wraps him in a clean cloth, and buries him in his new rock-hewn tomb. In Matthew 27:62–66, on the following day the chief Jewish priests ask Pilate for the tomb to be secured, and with Pilate's permission the priests place seals on the large stone covering the entrance.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Mary Magdalene (alone in the Gospel of John, but accompanied by other women in the Synoptics) goes to Jesus' tomb on Sunday morning and is surprised to find it empty. Despite Jesus' teaching, the disciples had not understood that Jesus would rise again.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Jesus' ascension into Heaven is described in Luke 24:50–53, Acts 1:1–11 and mentioned in 1 Timothy 3:16. In the Acts of the Apostles, forty days after the Resurrection, as the disciples look on, "he was lifted up, and a cloud took him out of their sight". 1 Peter 3:22 states that Jesus has "gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God".

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: After the conversion of Paul the Apostle, he claimed the title of "Apostle to the Gentiles". Paul's influence on Christian thinking is said to be more significant than that of any other New Testament author. By the end of the 1st century, Christianity began to be recognized internally and externally as a separate religion from Judaism which itself was refined and developed further in the centuries after the destruction of the Second Temple.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Numerous quotations in the New Testament and other Christian writings of the first centuries, indicate that early Christians generally used and revered the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) as religious text, mostly in the Greek (Septuagint) or Aramaic (Targum) translations.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Early Christians wrote many religious works, including the ones included in the canon of the New Testament. The canonical texts, which have become the main sources used by historians to try to understand the historical Jesus and sacred texts within Christianity, were probably written between 50 and 120 AD.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Jews based their faith and religious practice on the Torah, five books said to have been given by God to Moses. The three prominent religious parties were the Pharisees, the Essenes, and the Sadducees. Together these parties represented only a small fraction of the population. Most Jews looked forward to a time that God would deliver them from their pagan rulers, possibly through war against the Romans.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Gospels are not biographies in the modern sense, and the authors explain Jesus' theological significance and recount his public ministry while omitting many details of his life.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The reports of supernatural events associated with Jesus' death and resurrection make the challenge even more difficult.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Scholars regard the Gospels as compromised sources of information because the writers were trying to glorify Jesus.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Even so, the sources for Jesus' life are better than sources scholars have for the life of Alexander the Great.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Some scholars (most notably the Jesus Seminar) believe that the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas might be an independent witness to many of Jesus' parables and aphorisms. For example, Thomas confirms that Jesus blessed the poor and that this saying circulated independently before being combined with similar sayings in the Q source. However, the majority of scholars are skeptical about this text and believe it should be dated to the 2nd century CE instead.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Non-Christian sources are valuable in two ways. First, they show that even neutral or hostile parties never show any doubt that Jesus actually existed. Second, they present a rough picture of Jesus that is compatible with that found in the Christian sources: that Jesus was a teacher, had a reputation as a miracle worker, had a brother James, and died a violent death.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Archaeology helps scholars better understand Jesus' social world. Recent archaeological work, for example, indicates that Capernaum, a city important in Jesus' ministry, was poor and small, without even a forum or an agora. This archaeological discovery resonates well with the scholarly view that Jesus advocated reciprocal sharing among the destitute in that area of Galilee.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Jesus was a Galilean Jew, born around the beginning of the 1st century, who died in 30 or 33 AD in Judea. The general scholarly consensus is that Jesus was a contemporary of John the Baptist and was crucified as ordered by the Roman governor Pontius Pilate, who held office from 26 to 36 AD.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Nearly all historical scholars accept Jesus' historical existence as a real person. Scholars have reached a limited consensus on the basics of Jesus' life.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Many scholars agree that Joseph, Jesus' father, died before Jesus began his ministry. Joseph is not mentioned at all in the Gospels during Jesus' ministry. Joseph's death would explain why in Mark 6:3, Jesus' neighbors refer to Jesus as the "son of Mary" (sons were usually identified by their fathers).

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: According to Theissen and Merz, it is common for extraordinary charismatic leaders, such as Jesus, to come into conflict with their ordinary families. In Mark, Jesus' family comes to get him, fearing that he is mad (Mark 3:20–34), and this account is thought to be historical because early Christians would likely not have invented it. After Jesus' death, many members of his family joined the Christian movement. Jesus' brother James became a leader of the Jerusalem Church.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Géza Vermes says that the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus arose from theological development rather than from historical events.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Despite the widely held view that the authors of the Synoptic Gospels drew upon each other (the so-called synoptic problem), other scholars take it as significant that the virgin birth is attested by two separate gospels, Matthew and Luke.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Sanders says that the genealogies of Jesus are based not on historical information but on the authors' desire to show that Jesus was the universal Jewish savior. In any event, once the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus became established, that tradition superseded the earlier tradition that he was descended from David through Joseph. The Gospel of Luke reports that Jesus was a blood relative of John the Baptist, but scholars generally consider this connection to be invented.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In Mark, the disciples play hardly any role other than a negative one. While others sometimes respond to Jesus with complete faith, his disciples are puzzled and doubtful. They serve as a foil to Jesus and to other characters. The failings of the disciples are probably exaggerated in Mark, and the disciples make a better showing in Matthew and Luke.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Sanders says that Jesus' mission was not about repentance, although he acknowledges that this opinion is unpopular. He argues that repentance appears as a strong theme only in Luke, that repentance was John the Baptist's message, and that Jesus' ministry would not have been scandalous if the sinners he ate with had been repentant. According to Theissen and Merz, Jesus taught that God was generously giving people an opportunity to repent.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Jesus taught that an apocalyptic figure, the "Son of Man", would soon come on clouds of glory to gather the elect, or chosen ones. He referred to himself as a "son of man" in the colloquial sense of "a person", but scholars do not know whether he also meant himself when he referred to the heavenly "Son of Man". Paul the Apostle and other early Christians interpreted the "Son of Man" as the risen Jesus.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: After Jesus' death, his followers said he was restored to life, although exact details of their experiences are unclear. The gospel reports contradict each other, possibly suggesting competition among those claiming to have seen him first rather than deliberate fraud. On the other hand, L. Michael White suggests that inconsistencies in the Gospels reflect differences in the agendas of their unknown authors. The followers of Jesus formed a community to wait for his return and the founding of his kingdom.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Modern research on the historical Jesus has not led to a unified picture of the historical figure, partly because of the variety of academic traditions represented by the scholars. Given the scarcity of historical sources, it is generally difficult for any scholar to construct a portrait of Jesus that can be considered historically valid beyond the basic elements of his life. The portraits of Jesus constructed in these quests often differ from each other, and from the image portrayed in the Gospels.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Since the 18th century, scholars have occasionally put forth that Jesus was a political national messiah, but the evidence for this portrait is negligible. Likewise, the proposal that Jesus was a Zealot does not fit with the earliest strata of the Synoptic tradition.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In addition to "Christ", Jesus is affectionately called by various other names or titles throughout the New Testament. Some of them include:

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Jesus grew up in Galilee and much of his ministry took place there. The languages spoken in Galilee and Judea during the 1st century AD include Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek, with Aramaic being predominant. There is substantial consensus that Jesus gave most of his teachings in Aramaic in the Galilean dialect.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Modern scholars agree that Jesus was a Jew of 1st-century Palestine. "Ioudaios" in New Testament Greek is a term which in the contemporary context may refer to religion (Second Temple Judaism), ethnicity (of Judea), or both. In a review of the state of modern scholarship, Amy-Jill Levine writes that the entire question of ethnicity is "fraught with difficulty", and that "beyond recognizing that 'Jesus was Jewish', rarely does the scholarship address what being 'Jewish' means".

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Christ myth theory is the hypothesis that Jesus of Nazareth never existed; or if he did, that he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity and the accounts in the gospels. Stories of Jesus' birth, along with other key events, have so many mythic elements that some scholars have suggested that Jesus himself was a myth.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Bruno Bauer (1809–1882) taught that the first Gospel was a work of literature that produced history rather than described it.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: According to Albert Kalthoff (1850–1906), a social movement produced Jesus when it encountered Jewish messianic expectations.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Despite arguments put forward by authors who have questioned the existence of a historical Jesus, there remains a strong consensus in historical-critical biblical scholarship that a historical Jesus did live in that area and in that time period.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Apart from his own disciples and followers, the Jews of Jesus' day generally rejected him as the messiah, as do the great majority of Jews today. Christian theologians, ecumenical councils, reformers and others have written extensively about Jesus over the centuries. Christian sects and schisms have often been defined or characterized by their descriptions of Jesus. Meanwhile, Manichaeans, Gnostics, Muslims, Druzes, the Baháʼí Faith, and others, have found prominent places for Jesus in their religions.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Christians revere not only Jesus himself, but also his name. Devotions to the Holy Name of Jesus go back to the earliest days of Christianity. These devotions and feasts exist in both Eastern and Western Christianity.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Medieval Hebrew literature contains the anecdotal "Episode of Jesus" (known also as "Toledot Yeshu"), in which Jesus is described as being the son of Joseph, the son of Pandera (see: ). The account portrays Jesus as an impostor.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Manicheanism was the first organised religion outside of Christianity to venerate Jesus. He is considered one of the four prophets, along with Zoroaster, Gautama Buddha and Mani.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Quran describes the annunciation to Mary () by the Holy Spirit that she is to give birth to Jesus while remaining a virgin. It calls the virgin birth a miracle that occurred by the will of God. The Quran ( and ) states that God breathed his spirit into Mary while she was chaste. Jesus is called a "spirit from God" because he was born through the action of the Spirit, but that belief does not imply his pre-existence.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: According to the Quran, the coming of Muhammad was predicted by Jesus: "And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: ‘O children of Israel! I am God’s messenger to you, confirming the law (which came) before me, and giving glad tidings of a messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad'" (Quran 61:6). Through this verse, early Arab Muslims claimed legitimacy for their new faith in the existing religious traditions and the alleged predictions of Jesus.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has several distinct teachings about Jesus. Ahmadis believe that he was a mortal man who survived his crucifixion and died a natural death at the age of 120 in Kashmir, India, and is buried at Roza Bal.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In the Druze faith, Jesus is considered the Messiah and one of God's important prophets, being among the seven prophets who appeared in different periods of history. The Druze venerate Jesus "the son of Joseph and Mary" and his four disciples, who wrote the Gospels.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: In an epistle ascribed to one of the founders of Druzism, Baha al-Din al-Muqtana, probably written sometime between AD 1027 and AD 1042, accused the Jews of crucifying Jesus.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Some of the earliest depictions of Jesus at the Dura-Europos church are firmly dated to before 256. Thereafter, despite the lack of biblical references or historical records, a wide range of depictions of Jesus appeared during the last two millennia, often influenced by cultural settings, political circumstances and theological contexts. As in other Early Christian art, the earliest depictions date to the late 2nd or early 3rd century, and surviving images are found especially in the Catacombs of Rome.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: The Transfiguration was a major theme in Eastern Christian art, and every Eastern Orthodox monk who had trained in icon painting had to prove his craft by painting an icon depicting it. Icons receive the external marks of veneration, such as kisses and prostration, and they are thought to be powerful channels of divine grace. The Renaissance brought forth a number of artists who focused on depictions of Jesus; Fra Angelico and others followed Giotto in the systematic development of uncluttered images.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Before the Protestant Reformation, the crucifix was common in Western Christianity. It is a model of the cross with Jesus crucified on it. The crucifix became the central ornament of the altar in the 13th century, a use that has been nearly universal in Roman Catholic churches since then.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Jesus appears as an infant in a manger (feed trough) in Christmas creches, which depict the Nativity scene. He is typically joined by Mary, Joseph, animals, shepherds, angels, and the Magi. Francis of Assisi (1181/82–1226) is credited with popularizing the creche, although he probably did not initiate it. The creche reached its height of popularity in the 17th and 18th centuries in southern Europe.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


Jesus

Context: Some relics, such as purported remnants of the crown of thorns placed on the head of Jesus, receive only a modest number of pilgrims, while the Shroud of Turin (which is associated with an approved Catholic devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus), has received millions, including popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI.

Question: من هو عيسى المسيح؟


George W. Bush

Context: After finishing his second term, Bush returned to Texas, where his presidential library opened in 2013. He was among the most popular and unpopular presidents in U.S. history, having received the highest recorded approval ratings in the wake of the September 11 attacks, but one of the lowest such ratings during the 2007–2008 financial crisis. Bush's presidency has been rated as below-average, although public and scholarly favorability of his presidency have improved since he left office.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush attended public schools in Midland, Texas until the family moved to Houston after he had completed seventh grade. He then spent two years at The Kinkaid School, a college-preparatory school.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In the fall of 1973, Bush entered Harvard Business School. He graduated in 1975 with an MBA degree. He is the only U.S. president to have earned an MBA.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In late 1972 and early 1973, he drilled with the 187th Fighter Wing of the Alabama Air National Guard. He had moved to Montgomery, Alabama, to work on the unsuccessful U.S. Senate campaign of Republican Winton M. Blount. In 1972, Bush was suspended from flying for failure to take a scheduled physical exam. He was honorably discharged from the Air Force Reserve on November 21, 1974.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In April 1989, Bush arranged for a group of investors to purchase a controlling interest in the Texas Rangers baseball franchise for $89million and invested $500,000 himself to start. He then was managing general partner for five years. He actively led the team's projects and regularly attended its games, often choosing to sit in the open stands with fans. Bush's sale of his shares in the Rangers in 1998 brought him over $15million from his initial $800,000 investment.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Prior to his eventual gubernatorial campaign, Bush briefly considered a candidacy to become the Commissioner of Baseball in the early to mid-1990s.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In the 1978 elections, Bush ran for the House of Representatives from Texas's 19th congressional district. The retiring member, George H. Mahon, had held the district for the Democratic Party since 1935. Bush's opponent, Kent Hance, portrayed him as out of touch with rural Texans, and Bush lost the election with 46.8 percent of the vote to Hance's 53.2 percent.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush and his family moved to Washington, D.C., in 1988 to work on his father's campaign for the U.S. presidency. He was a campaign advisor and liaison to the media, and assisted his father by campaigning across the country. In December 1991, Bush was one of seven people named by his father to run his father's 1992 presidential re-election campaign as a campaign advisor. The previous month, his father had asked him to tell White House chief of staff John H. Sununu to resign.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush declared his candidacy for the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election at the same time his brother Jeb sought the governorship in Florida. His campaign focused on four themes: welfare reform, tort reform, crime reduction, and education improvement. Bush's campaign advisers were Karen Hughes, Joe Allbaugh, and Karl Rove.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush used a budget surplus to push through Texas's largest tax-cut, $2billion. He extended government funding for organizations providing education of the dangers of alcohol and drug use and abuse, and helping to reduce domestic violence. Critics contended that during his tenure, Texas ranked near the bottom in environmental evaluations. Supporters pointed to his efforts to raise the salaries of teachers and improve educational test scores.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In 1999, Bush signed a law that required electric retailers to buy a certain amount of energy from renewable sources (RPS), which helped Texas eventually become the leading producer of wind powered electricity in the U.S.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In 1998, Bush won re-election with a record 69 percent of the vote. He became the first governor in Texas history to be elected to two consecutive four-year terms. In his second term, Bush promoted faith-based organizations and enjoyed high approval ratings. He proclaimed June 10, 2000, to be Jesus Day in Texas, a day on which he urged all Texans to "answer the call to serve those in need".

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Throughout Bush's first term, he was the focus of national attention as a potential future presidential candidate. Following his re-election, speculation soared, and within a year he decided to seek the 2000 Republican presidential nomination.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush portrayed himself as a compassionate conservative, implying he was more centrist than other Republicans. He campaigned on a platform that included bringing integrity and honor back to the White House, increasing the size of the military, cutting taxes, improving education, and aiding minorities. By early 2000, the race had centered on Bush and McCain.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush won the Iowa caucuses and, although heavily favored to win the New Hampshire primary, trailed McCain by 19 percent and lost. Despite this he regained momentum and effectively became the front runner after the South Carolina primary, which according to "The Boston Globe" made history for his campaign's negativity. "The New York Times" described it as a smear campaign.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On July 25, 2000, Bush surprised some observers when he selected Dick Cheneya former White House chief of staff, representative and secretary of defenseto be his running mate. At the time, Cheney was serving as head of Bush's vice presidential search committee. Soon after at the 2000 Republican National Convention, Bush and Cheney were officially nominated by the Republican Party.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush continued to campaign across the country and touted his record as Governor of Texas. During his campaign, Bush criticized his Democratic opponent, incumbent Vice President Al Gore, over gun control and taxation.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Following the resignation of CIA director George Tenet in 2004, Bush nominated Porter Goss to head the agency. The White House ordered Goss to purge agency officers who were disloyal to the administration. After Goss' appointment, many of the CIA's senior agents were fired or quit. The CIA has been accused of deliberately leaking classified information to undermine the 2004 election.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In the election, Bush carried 31 of 50 states, receiving 286 electoral votes. He won an absolute majority of the popular vote (50.7 percent to his opponent's 48.3 percent).

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush took office during a period of economic recession in the wake of the bursting of the dot-com bubble. The terrorist attacks also impacted the economy.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Between 2001 and 2008, GDP grew at an average annual rate of 2.125 percent, less than for past business cycles. Bush entered office with the Dow Jones Industrial Average at 10,587, and the average peaked in October 2007 at over 14,000. When Bush left office, the average was at 7,949, one of the lowest levels of his presidency. Only four other U.S. presidents have left office with the stock market lower than when they began.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush undertook many educational agendas, such as increasing the funding for the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in his first years of office and creating education programs to strengthen the grounding in science and mathematics for American high school students. Funding for the NIH was cut in 2006, the first such cut in 36 years, due to rising inflation.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On November 1, 2005, Bush announced a "National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza" to prepare the United States for a flu pandemic, which culminated in an implementation plan published by the Homeland Security Council in May 2006.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On May 21, 2008, Bush signed into law the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, aimed to protect Americans against health insurance and employment discrimination based on a person's genetic information. The issue had been debated for 13 years before it finally became law. The measure is designed to protect citizens without hindering genetic research.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Upon taking office in 2001, Bush stated his opposition to the Kyoto Protocol, an amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change which seeks to impose mandatory targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, citing that the treaty exempted 80 percent of the world's population and would have cost tens of billions of dollars per year. He also cited that the Senate had voted 95–0 in 1997 on a resolution expressing its disapproval of the protocol.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In May 2001, Bush signed an executive order to create an interagency task force to streamline energy projects, and later signed two other executive orders to tackle environmental issues.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In 2002, Bush proposed the Clear Skies Act of 2003, which aimed at amending the Clean Air Act to reduce air pollution through the use of emissions trading programs. Many experts argued that this legislation would have weakened the original legislation by allowing higher emission rates of pollutants than were previously legal. The initiative was introduced to Congress, but failed to make it out of committee.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Later in 2006, Bush declared the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands a national monument, creating the largest marine reserve to date. The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument comprises 84 million acres (340,000km2) and is home to 7,000 species of fish, birds, and other marine animals, many of which are specific to only those islands. The move was hailed by conservationists for "its foresight and leadership in protecting this incredible area".

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush has said he believes that global warming is real and has noted that it is a serious problem, but he asserted there is a "debate over whether it's man-made or naturally caused". The Bush Administration's stance on global warming remained controversial in the scientific and environmental communities. Critics have alleged that the administration misinformed the public and did not do enough to reduce carbon emissions and deter global warming.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In his 2006 State of the Union Address, Bush declared, "America is addicted to oil" and announced his Advanced Energy Initiative to increase energy development research.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: A heated public debate followed, which resulted in a substantial rift within the Republican Party, most conservatives opposed it because of its legalization or amnesty provisions. The bill was eventually defeated in the Senate on June 28, 2007, when a cloture motion failed on a 46–53 vote. Bush expressed disappointment upon the defeat of one of his signature domestic initiatives. The Bush administration later proposed a series of immigration enforcement measures that do not require a change in law.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On September 19, 2010, former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said that Bush offered to accept 100,000 Palestinian refugees as American citizens if a permanent settlement had been reached between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Hurricane Katrina struck early in Bush's second term and was one of the most damaging natural disasters in U.S. history. Katrina formed in late August during the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season and devastated much of the north-central Gulf Coast of the United States, particularly New Orleans.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush declared a state of emergency in Louisiana on August 27 and in Mississippi and Alabama the following day. The eye of the hurricane made landfall on August 29, and New Orleans began to flood due to levee breaches; later that day, Bush declared a major disaster in Louisiana, officially authorizing FEMA to start using federal funds to assist in the recovery effort.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On August 30, DHS Secretary Michael Chertoff declared it "an incident of national significance", triggering the first use of the newly created National Response Plan. Three days later, on September 2, National Guard troops first entered the city of New Orleans. The same day, Bush toured parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama and declared that the success of the recovery effort up to that point was "not enough".

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Although Congressional investigations focused on whether the Justice Department and the White House were using the U.S. Attorney positions for political advantage, no official findings have been released. On March 10, 2008, the Congress filed a federal lawsuit to enforce their issued subpoenas. On July 31, 2008, a United States district court judge ruled that Bush's top advisers were not immune from Congressional subpoenas.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In all, twelve Justice Department officials resigned rather than testify under oath before Congress. They included Attorney General Alberto Gonzales and his chief of staff Kyle Sampson, Gonzales' liaison to the White House Monica Goodling, aide to the president Karl Rove and his senior aide Sara Taylor. In addition, legal counsel to the president Harriet Miers and deputy chief of staff to the president Joshua Bolten were both found in contempt of Congress.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In 2010, the Justice Department investigator concluded that though political considerations did play a part in as many as four of the attorney firings, the firings were "inappropriately political", but not criminal. According to the prosecutors, there was insufficient evidence to pursue prosecution for any criminal offense.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: During his presidential campaign, Bush's foreign policy platform included support for stronger economic and political relationships with Latin America, especially Mexico, and a reduction of involvement in "nation-building" and other small-scale military engagements. The administration pursued a national missile defense. Bush was an advocate of China's entry into the World Trade Organization.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush began his second term with an emphasis on improving strained relations with European nations. He appointed long-time adviser Karen Hughes to oversee a global public relations campaign. Bush lauded the pro-democracy struggles in Georgia and Ukraine.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In March 2006, Bush reversed decades of U.S. policy when he visited India in a trip focused particularly on areas of nuclear energy, counter-terrorism co-operation, and discussions that would eventually lead to the India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement. This was in stark contrast to the stance taken by his predecessor, Bill Clinton, whose approach and response to India after the 1998 nuclear tests has been characterized as "sanctions and hectoring".

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Midway through Bush's second term, questions arose whether Bush was retreating from his freedom and democracy agenda, which was highlighted in policy changes toward some oil-rich former Soviet republics in central Asia.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush signed the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty with Russia. He withdrew U.S. support for several international agreements, including, in 2002, the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM) with Russia. This marked the first time in post-World War II history that the United States had withdrawn from a major international arms treaty. Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that American withdrawal from the ABM Treaty was a mistake.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush emphasized a careful approach to the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians; he denounced Palestine Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat for his support of violence, but sponsored dialogues between Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and Palestinian National Authority President Mahmoud Abbas. Bush supported Sharon's unilateral disengagement plan, and lauded the democratic elections held in Palestine after Arafat's death.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On June 10, 2007, Bush met with Albanian Prime Minister Sali Berisha and became the first president to visit Albania. He later voiced his support for the independence of Kosovo.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In early 2008, Bush vowed full support for admitting Ukraine and Georgia into NATO despite Russia's opposition to the further enlargement of NATO. During the 2008 Russo-Georgian diplomatic crisis, Bush condemned Russia for recognizing the separatist government of South Ossetia. Then, when Russian troops invaded Georgia that summer, Bush said: "Bullying and intimidation are not acceptable ways to conduct foreign policy in the 21st century."

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In a September 20 speech, Bush condemned Osama bin Laden and his organization Al-Qaeda, and issued an ultimatum to the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, where bin Laden was operating, to "hand over the terrorists, or... share in their fate".

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: The continued presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia after the 1991 Gulf War was one of the stated motivations behind the September 11 attacks. In 2003, the U.S. withdrew most of its troops from Saudi Arabia.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Dissent and criticism of Bush's leadership in the War on Terror increased as the war in Iraq continued. In 2006, a National Intelligence Estimate concluded that the Iraq War had become the "cause célèbre for jihadists".

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Efforts to kill or capture al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden failed as he escaped a battle in December 2001 in the mountainous region of Tora Bora, which the Bush Administration later acknowledged to have resulted from a failure to commit enough U.S. ground troops. It was not until May 2011, two years after Bush left office, that bin Laden was killed by U.S. forces under the Obama administration. Bin Laden's successor, Ayman al-Zawahiri, remains at large.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Despite the initial success in driving the Taliban from power in Kabul, by early 2003 the Taliban was regrouping, amassing new funds and recruits. The 2005 failure of Operation Red Wings showed that the Taliban had returned. In 2006, the Taliban insurgency appeared larger, fiercer and better organized than expected, with large-scale allied offensives such as Operation Mountain Thrust attaining limited success. As a result, Bush commissioned 3,500 additional troops to the country in March 2007.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Beginning with his January 29, 2002 State of the Union address, Bush began publicly focusing attention on Iraq, which he labeled as part of an "axis of evil" allied with terrorists and posing "a grave and growing danger" to U.S. interests through possession of weapons of mass destruction.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In the latter half of 2002, CIA reports contained assertions of Saddam Hussein's intent of reconstituting nuclear weapons programs, not properly accounting for Iraqi biological and chemical weapons, and that some Iraqi missiles had a range greater than allowed by the UN sanctions. Contentions that the Bush Administration manipulated or exaggerated the threat and evidence of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction capabilities would eventually become a major point of criticism for the president.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In January 2005, elections recognized by the West as free and fair were held in Iraq for the first time in 50 years. This led to the election of Jalal Talabani as president and Nouri al-Maliki as Prime Minister of Iraq. A referendum to approve a constitution in Iraq was held in October 2005, supported by most Shiites and many Kurds.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On January 10, 2007, Bush announced a surge of 21,500 more troops for Iraq, as well as a job program for Iraqis, more reconstruction proposals, and $1.2billion (equivalent to $billion in ) for these programs. On May 1, 2007, Bush used his second-ever veto to reject a bill setting a deadline for the withdrawal of U.S. troops, saying the debate over the conflict was "understandable" but insisting that a continued U.S. presence there was crucial.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In March 2010, Center for Public Integrity released a report that President Bush's administration had made more than 900 false pretenses in a two-year period about alleged threat of Iraq against the United States, as his rationale to engage war in Iraq.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On October 17, 2006, Bush signed the Military Commissions Act of 2006 into law. The new rule was enacted in the wake of the Supreme Court's decision in "Hamdan v. Rumsfeld", , which allowed the U.S. government to prosecute unlawful enemy combatants by military commission rather than a standard trial. The law also denied the detainees access to "habeas corpus" and barred the torture of prisoners. The provision of the law allowed the president to determine what constitutes "torture".

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On June 22, 2010, "While South Korea prospers, the people of North Korea have suffered profoundly," he said, adding that communism had resulted in dire poverty, mass starvation and brutal suppression. "In recent years," he went on to say, "the suffering has been compounded by the leader who wasted North Korea's precious few resources on personal luxuries and nuclear weapons programs."

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On December 14, 2008, Muntadhar al-Zaidi, an Iraqi journalist, threw both of his shoes at President Bush during a press conference. Bush was not injured, having ducked the pair of shoes. However, White House press secretary Dana Perino received a bruise on her face after being hit by a microphone boom knocked over by security. Al-Zaidi received a three-year prison sentence, which was reduced to one year. On September 15, 2009, he was released early for good behavior.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On July 19, 2005, following the announcement of the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor on July 1, Bush nominated federal appellate judge John Roberts to be O'Connor's replacement; however, following the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist on September 3, that still-pending nomination was withdrawn on September 5, with Bush instead nominating Roberts to be the next Chief Justice of the United States. He was confirmed by the Senate on September 29, 2005.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: On October 3, 2005, Bush nominated White House Counsel Harriet Miers to succeed O'Connor; however, Miers withdrew her nomination on October 27 after encountering significant opposition from both parties, who found her to be ill-prepared and uninformed on the law, once again leaving no nominee to replace O‘Connor. Finally, on October 31, Bush nominated federal appellate judge Samuel Alito, who was confirmed by the Senate to replace O'Connor on January 31, 2006.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: In addition to his two Supreme Court appointments, Bush appointed 61 judges to the United States courts of appeals and 261 judges to the United States district courts.

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟


George W. Bush

Context: Bush's upbringing in West Texas, his accent, his vacations on his Texas ranch, and his penchant for country metaphors contribute to his folksy, American cowboy image. "I think people look at him and think John Wayne", said Piers Morgan, editor of the British "Daily Mirror".

Question: من هو الرئيس ال 43 للولايات المتحدة؟