Naval history of World War II

Context: The Royal Navy in the critical years 1939–43 was under the command of First Sea Lord Admiral Sir Dudley Pound (1877–1943).

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: As a result of the earlier changes the Royal Navy entered the Second World War as a heterogeneous force of World War I veterans, inter-war ships limited by close adherence to treaty restrictions and later unrestricted designs. Though smaller and relatively older than it was during World War I, it remained the major naval power up until 1944-45 when it was overtaken by the American navy.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: At the start of World War II, Britain's global commitments were reflected in the Navy's deployment. Its first task remained the protection of trade, since Britain was heavily dependent upon imports of food and raw materials, and the global empire was also interdependent. The navy's assets were allocated between various fleets and stations.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The RN carried out a bombardment of Oran in Algeria against the French Mediterranean Fleet. In the attack on Taranto torpedo bombers sank three Italian battleships in their naval base at Taranto and in March 1941 it sank three cruisers and two destroyers at Cape Matapan. The RN carried out an evacuation of troops from Greece to Crete and then from that island. In this the navy lost three cruisers and six destroyers but rescued 30,000 men.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The RN was vital in interdicting Axis supplies to North Africa and in the resupply of its base in Malta. The losses in Operation Pedestal were high but the convoy got through.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The defence of the ports and harbours and keeping sea-lanes around the coast open was the responsibility of Coastal Forces and the Royal Naval Patrol Service.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Naval supremacy was vital to the amphibious operations carried out, such as the invasions of Northwest Africa (Operation Torch), Sicily, Italy, and Normandy (Operation Overlord). For Operation Neptune the RN and RCN supplied 958 of the 1213 warships and three quarters of the 4000 landing craft. The use of the Mulberry harbours allowed the invasion forces to be kept resupplied. There were also landings in the south of France in August.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: With a wide range of nations collaborating with the Allies, the British needed a way to coordinate the work. The Royal Navy dealt smoothly with the navies-in-exile of Poland, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Yugoslavia, and Greece using a liaison system between senior naval officers. The system produced the effective integration of Allied navies into Royal Navy commands.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The Italian navy ("Regia Marina") had the mission of keeping open the trans Mediterranean to North Africa and the Balkans; it was challenged by the British Royal Navy. It was well behind the British in the latest technology, such as radar, which was essential for night gunnery at long range.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Two aircraft carriers were under construction; they were never launched. The nation was too poor to launch a major shipbuilding campaign, which made the senior commanders cautious for fear of losing assets that could not be replaced. In the Battle of the Mediterranean the British had broken the Italian naval code and knew the times of departure, routing, time of arrival and make up of convoys. The Italians neglected to capture Malta, which became the main staging and logistical base for the British.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The front-line strength of the Naval Air Forces was 1753 warplanes, including 660 fighters, 330 torpedo bombers, and 240 shore-based bombers. There were also 520 flying boats used for reconnaissance.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: A small force of Dutch submarines based in Western Australia sank more Japanese ships in the first weeks of the war than the entire British and American navies together, an exploit which earned Admiral Helfrich the nickname "Ship-a-day Helfrich".

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Around the world Dutch naval units were responsible for transporting troops; for example, during Operation Dynamo in Dunkirk and on D-Day, they escorted convoys and attacked enemy targets.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Building a Soviet fleet was a national priority, but many senior officers were killed in purges in the late 1930s. The naval share of the national munitions budget fell from 11.5% in 1941 to 6.6% in 1944.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The U.S. and Britain through Lend Lease gave the USSR ships with a total displacement of 810,000 tons.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Although Soviet leaders were reluctant to risk larger vessels after the heavy losses suffered by the Soviet Navy in 1941-2, the Soviet destroyer force was used throughout the war in escort, fire-support and transport roles. Soviet warships, and especially the destroyers, saw action throughout the war in Arctic waters and in the Black Sea. In Arctic waters Soviet destroyers participated in the defense of Allied convoys.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: The Romanian Navy was the only navy to fight for over three years without losing a single unit of its main force of destroyers and submarines. At the same time, it caused the sinking of one destroyer and over a dozen submarines, all Soviet.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: U.S. Navy submarines (with some aid from the British and Dutch), operating from bases in Australia, Hawaii, and Ceylon, played a major role in defeating Japan. Japanese submarines, however, played a minimal role, although they had the best torpedoes of any nation in World War II, and quite good submarines. The difference in results is due to the very different doctrines of the sides, which, on the Japanese side, were based on cultural traditions.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Thus it was not until 1944 the U.S. Navy learned to use its 150 submarines to maximum effect: effective shipboard radar installed, commanders seen to be lacking in aggression replaced, and faults in torpedoes fixed.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Requirements of the Japanese Army to supply cut-off garrisons by submarine further reduced the effectiveness of Japanese anti-shipping warfare. In addition, Japan honored its neutrality treaty with the Soviet Union, and ignored U.S. freighters shipping millions of tons of war supplies from San Francisco over northern routes to Vladivostok.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: A small number of Allied submarines—less than 2 percent of the fleet tonnage—strangled Japan by sinking its merchant fleet, intercepting many troop transports, and cutting off nearly all the oil imports that were essential to warfare. By early 1945 the oil tanks were dry.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: Underwater warfare was especially dangerous for the submarine crews. The U.S. submarine service included only 1.6% of Navy personnel or 50,000 men. Most were shore based. Of the 16,000 who went out on patrol, 3,500 (22%) never returned, the highest casualty rate of any American force in World War II. The Japanese losses were even worse.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Naval history of World War II

Context: While the Royal Navy spent a great deal of energy dealing with German surface and submarine attacks on its merchant marine, it also launched its own attack on Axis shipping, especially in the Mediterranean. The British sank 3082 Axis merchantment in the Mediterranean, amounting to over 4 million tons. The loss of supplies proved fatal to the Axis armies in North Africa.

Question: అత్యంత శక్తివంతమైన నావికా రక్షణ దళం ఏ దేశానికి ఉంది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The identification of the causes of World War I remains controversial. World War I began in the Balkans on July 28, 1914, and hostilities ended on November 11, 1918, leaving 17 million dead and 25 million wounded.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The crisis followed a series of diplomatic clashes among the Great Powers (Italy, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary and Russia) over European and colonial issues in the decades before 1914 that had left tensions high. In turn, the public clashes can be traced to changes in the balance of power in Europe since 1867.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: In August 1914 "The Independent" magazine described the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and his wife in June as a "deplorable but relatively insignificant" reason for which

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: "It may be doubted whether the Archduke [is] worth all this carnage", the magazine added. It discussed and dismissed ethnicity, race, religion, and national interests as motivations for war. "The Independent" concluded that "such is the ridiculous and tragical situation resulting from the survival of the antiquated superstition of the 'balance of power,' that is, the theory that the prosperity of one nation was an injury to others":

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: "The only unexpected thing about the present European war is the date of it", the magazine added later that month:

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: To understand the long-term origins of the war in 1914, it is essential to understand how the powers formed into two competing sets that shared common aims and enemies. Both sets became, by August 1914, Germany and Austria-Hungary on one side and Russia, France, and Britain on the other side.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Caprivi's strategy appeared to work when, during the outbreak of the Bosnian crisis of 1908, it successfully demanded for Russia to step back and demobilize. When Germany asked Russia the same thing later, Russia refused, which finally helped precipitate the war.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Britain abandoned its policy of splendid isolation in the 1900s, after it had been isolated during the Second Boer War. Britain concluded agreements, limited to colonial affairs, with its two major colonial rivals: the Entente Cordiale with France in 1904 and the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. Some historians see Britain's alignment as principally a reaction to an assertive German foreign policy and the buildup of its navy from 1898 that led to the Anglo-German naval arms race.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: A series of diplomatic incidents between 1905 and 1914 heightened tensions between the Great Powers and reinforced the existing alignments, beginning with the First Moroccan Crisis.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The First Moroccan Crisis was an international dispute between March 1905 and May 1906 over the status of Morocco. The crisis worsened German relations with both France and Britain, and helped ensure the success of the new Entente Cordiale. In the words of the historian Christopher Clark, "The Anglo-French Entente was strengthened rather than weakened by the German challenge to France in Morocco."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The American historian Raymond James Sontag argues that Agadir was a comedy of errors that became a tragic prelude to the World War I:

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The crisis seems comic--its obscure origin, the questions at stake, the conduct of the actors--had comic. The results were tragic. Tension between France and Germany and between Germany and England have been increased; the armaments race receive new impetus; the conviction that an early war was inevitable spread through the governing class of Europe.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war; one of them, Bulgaria, was defeated in the second war. The Ottoman Empire lost nearly all of its territory in Europe. Austria-Hungary, although not a combatant, was weakened, as a much-enlarged Kingdom of Serbia pushed for union of all South Slavs.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The Balkan Wars in 1912–1913 increased international tension between Russia and Austria-Hungary. It also led to a strengthening of Serbia and a weakening of the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, which might otherwise have kept Serbia under control, thus disrupting the balance of power in Europe toward Russia.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The Serbian government, having failed to get Albania, now demanded for the other spoils of the First Balkan War to be reapportioned, and Russia failed to pressure Serbia to back down. Serbia and Greece allied against Bulgaria, which responded with a pre-emptive strike against their forces and so began the Second Balkan War. The Bulgarian army crumbled quickly after the Ottoman Empire and Romania joined the war.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The Balkan Wars strained the German alliance with Austria-Hungary. The attitude of the German government to Austro-Hungarian requests of support against Serbia was initially divided and inconsistent. After the German Imperial War Council of 8 December 1912, it was clear that Germany was not ready to support Austria-Hungary in a war against Serbia and its likely allies.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: In addition, German diplomacy before, during, and after the Second Balkan War was pro-Greek and pro-Romanian and against Austria-Hungary's increasing pro-Bulgarian sympathies. The result was tremendous damage to relations between both empires. Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Leopold von Berchtold remarked to the German ambassador, Heinrich von Tschirschky in July 1913, "Austria-Hungary might as well belong 'to the other grouping' for all the good Berlin had been."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: By then, Russia had mostly recovered from its defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, and the calculations of Germany and Austria were driven by a fear that Russia would eventually become too strong to be challenged. The conclusion was that any war with Russia had to occur within the next few years to have any chance of success.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The original Franco-Russian alliance was formed to protect both France and Russia from a German attack. In the event of such an attack, both states would mobilize in tandem, placing Germany under the threat of a two-front war. However, there were limits placed on the alliance so that it was essentially defensive in character.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Otte also agrees that France became significantly less keen on restraining Russia after the Austro-Serbian crisis of 1912, and sought to embolden Russia against Austria. The Russian ambassador conveyed Poincare's message as saying that "if Russia wages war, France also wages war."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Historians have cautioned that taken together, the preceding crises should not be seen as an argument that a European war was inevitable in 1914.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The British diplomat Arthur Nicolson wrote in May 1914, "Since I have been at the Foreign Office I have not seen such calm waters." The Anglophile German Ambassador Karl Max, Prince Lichnowsky, deplored that Germany had acted hastily without waiting for the British offer of mediation in July 1914 to be given a chance.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, are shot dead by two gun shots in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, one of a group of six assassins (five Serbs and one Bosniak) co-ordinated by Danilo Ilić, a Bosnian Serb and a member of the Black Hand secret society.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, sent deep shockwaves throughout the empire's elites and has been described as a "9/11 effect, a terrorist event charged with historic meaning, transforming the political chemistry in Vienna." It gave free rein to elements clamoring for war with Serbia, especially in the army.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: It quickly emerged that three leading members of the assassination squad had spent long periods of time in Belgrade, only recently crossed the border from Serbia, and carried weapons and bombs of Serbian manufacture. They were secretly sponsored by the Black Hand, whose objectives included the liberation of all Bosnian Slavs from imperial rule, and they had been masterminded by the Head of Serbian military intelligence, Dragutin Dimitrijević, also known as Apis.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Two days after the assassination, Foreign Minister Berchtold and the Emperor agreed that the "policy of patience" with Serbia had to end. Austria-Hungary feared that if it displayed weakness, its neighbours to the south and the east would be emboldened, but war with Serbia would put to an end the problems experienced with Serbia. Chief of Staff Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf stated about Serbia, "If you have a poisonous adder at your heel, you stamp on its head, you don't wait for the bite."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: There was also a feeling that the moral effects of military action would breathe new life into the exhausted structures of the Habsburg monarchy by restoring the vigour and virility of an imagined past and that Serbia must be dealt with before it became too powerful to defeat militarily. The principal voices for peace in previous years had included Franz Ferdinand himself. His removal not only provided the "casus belli" but also removed one of the most prominent doves from policymaking.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Since taking on Serbia involved the risk of war with Russia, Vienna sought the views of Berlin. Germany provided unconditional support for war with Serbia in the so-called "blank cheque." Buoyed up by German support, Austria-Hungary began drawing up an ultimatum, giving the Serbs forty-eight hours to respond to ten demands. It was hoped that the ultimatum would be rejected to provide the pretext for war with a neighbor that was considered to be impossibly turbulent.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Samuel R. Williamson, Jr., has emphasized the role of Austria-Hungary in starting the war. Convinced that Serbian nationalism and Russian Balkan ambitions were disintegrating the empire, Austria-Hungary hoped for a limited war against Serbia and that strong German support would force Russia to keep out of the war and to weaken its prestige in the Balkans.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Austria-Hungary remained fixated on Serbia but did not decide on its precise objectives other than eliminating the threat from Serbia. Worst of all, events soon revealed that Austria-Hungary's top military commander had failed to grasp Russia's military recovery since its defeat by Japan; its enhanced ability to mobilize relatively quickly; and not least, the resilience and strength of the Serbian Army.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Nevertheless, having decided upon war with German support, Austria-Hungary was slow to act publicly and did not deliver the ultimatum until July 23, some three weeks after the assassinations on 28 June. Thus, it lost the reflex sympathies attendant to the Sarajevo murders and gave the further impression to the Entente powers of using the assassinations only as pretexts for aggression.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: On July 6, Germany provided its unconditional support to Austria-Hungary's quarrel with Serbia in the so-called "blank cheque." In response to a request for support, Vienna was told the Kaiser's position was that if Austria-Hungary "recognized the necessity of taking military measures against Serbia he would deplore our not taking advantage of the present moment which is so favourable to us... we might in this case, as in all others, rely upon German support."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The thinking was that since Austria-Hungary was Germany's only ally, if the former's prestige was not restored, its position in the Balkans might be irreparably damaged and encourage further irredentism by Serbia and Romania. A quick war against Serbia would not only eliminate it but also probably lead to further diplomatic gains in Bulgaria and Romania. A Serbian defeat would also be a defeat for Russia and reduce its influence in the Balkans.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: On 23 July, Austria-Hungary, following its own enquiry into the assassinations, sent an ultimatum to Serbia, containing their demands and giving 48 hours to comply.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The policy was intended to be a mobilization against Austria-Hungary only. However, incompetence made the Russians realise by 29 July that partial mobilization was not militarily possible but would interfere with general mobilization. The Russians moved to full mobilization on 30 July as the only way to allow the entire operation to succeed.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Christopher Clark stated, "It would be difficult to overstate the historical importance of the meetings of 24 and 25 July."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Serbia initially considered accepting all the terms of the Austrian ultimatum before news from Russia of premobilisation measures stiffened its resolve.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The Serbs drafted their reply to the ultimatum in such a way as to give the impression of making significant concessions. However, as Clark stated, "In reality, then, this was a highly perfumed rejection on most points." In response to the rejection of the ultimatum, Austria-Hungary immediately broke off diplomatic relations on 25 July and declared war on 28 July.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: On July 29, 1914, the Tsar ordered full mobilisation but changed his mind after receiving a telegram from Kaiser Wilhelm and ordered partial mobilisation instead. The next day, Sazonov once more persuaded Nicholas of the need for general mobilization, and the order was issued on the same day.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Clark stated, "The Russian general mobilisation was one of the most momentous decisions of the July crisis. This was the first of the general mobilisations. It came at the moment when the German government had not yet even declared the State of Impending War."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: On 28 July, Germany learned through its spy network that Russia had implemented its "Period Preparatory to War." Germany assumed that Russia had finally decided upon war and that its mobilisation put Germany in danger, especially since German war plans, the so-called Schlieffen Plan, relied upon Germany to mobilise speedily enough to defeat France first by attacking largely through neutral Belgium before the Germans turned to defeat the slower-moving Russians.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Clark states, "German efforts at mediation – which suggested that Austria should 'Halt in Belgrade' and use the occupation of the Serbian capital to ensure its terms were met – were rendered futile by the speed of Russian preparations, which threatened to force the Germans to take counter–measures before mediation could begin to take effect."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Thus, in response to Russian mobilisation, Germany ordered the state of Imminent Danger of War on 31 July, and when the Russians refused to rescind their mobilization order, Germany mobilized and declared war on Russia on 1 August. The Franco-Russian Alliance meant that countermeasures by France were correctly assumed to be inevitable by Germany, which declared war on France on 3 August 1914.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: After the German invasion of neutral Belgium, Britain issued an ultimatum to Germany on 2 August to withdraw or face war. The Germans did not comply and so Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Britain's reasons for declaring war were complex. The ostensible reason given was that Britain was required to safeguard Belgium's neutrality under the Treaty of London (1839). According to Isabel V. Hull :

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: "Should the war come, and England stand aside, one of two things must happen. (a) Either Germany and Austria win, crush France and humiliate Russia. What will be the position of a friendless England? (b) Or France and Russia win. What would be their attitude towards England? What about India and the Mediterranean?"

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: On the diplomatic front, the European powers began to publish selected, and sometimes misleading, compendia of diplomatic correspondence, seeking to establish justification for their own entry into the war, and cast blame on other actors for the outbreak of war. First of these color books to appear, was the German White Book which appeared on the same day as Britain's war declaration.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The argument that Austria-Hungary was a moribund political entity, whose disappearance was only a matter of time, was deployed by hostile contemporaries to suggest that its efforts to defend its integrity during the last years before the war were, in some sense, illegitimate.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Clark states, "Evaluating the prospects of the Austro-Hungarian empire on the eve of the first world war confronts us in an acute way with the problem of temporal perspective... The collapse of the empire amid war and defeat in 1918 impressed itself upon the retrospective view of the Habsburg lands, overshadowing the scene with auguries of imminent and ineluctable decline."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: It is true that Austro-Hungarian politics in the decades before the war were increasingly dominated by the struggle for national rights among the empire's eleven official nationalities: Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, Romanians, Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Poles, and Italians. However, before 1914, radical nationalists seeking full separation from the empire were still a small minority, and Austria-Hungary's political turbulence was more noisy than deep.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: In fact, in the decade before the war, the Habsburg lands passed through a phase of strong widely shared economic growth. Most inhabitants associated the Habsburgs with the benefits of orderly government, public education, welfare, sanitation, the rule of law, and the maintenance of a sophisticated infrastructure.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Christopher Clark states: "Prosperous and relatively well administered, the empire, like its elderly sovereign, exhibited a curious stability amid turmoil. Crises came and went without appearing to threaten the existence of the system as such. The situation was always, as the Viennese journalist Karl Kraus quipped, 'desperate but not serious'."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Jack Levy and William Mulligan argue that the death of Franz Ferdinand itself was a significant factor in helping escalate the July Crisis into a war by killing a powerful proponent for peace and thus encouraged a more belligerent decision-making process.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The principal aims of Serbian policy were to consolidate the Russian-backed expansion of Serbia in the Balkan Wars and to achieve dreams of a Greater Serbia, which included the unification of lands with large ethnic Serb populations in Austria-Hungary, including Bosnia

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Serbian policy was complicated by the fact that the main actors in 1914 were both the official Serb government, led by Nikola Pašić, and the "Black Hand" terrorists, led by the head of Serb military intelligence, known as Apis. The Black Hand believed that a Greater Serbia would be achieved by provoking a war with Austria-Hungary by an act of terror. The war would be won with Russian backing.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Russia tended to support Serbia as a fellow Slavic state, considered Serbia its "client," and encouraged Serbia to focus its irredentism against Austria-Hungary because it would discourage conflict between Serbia and Bulgaria, another prospective Russian ally, in Macedonia.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Imperial rivalry and the consequences of the search for imperial security or for imperial expansion had important consequences for the origins of World War I.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Imperial rivalries between France, Britain, Russia and Germany played an important part in the creation of the Triple Entente and the relative isolation of Germany. Imperial opportunism, in the form of the Italian attack on Ottoman Libyan provinces, also encouraged the Balkan wars of 1912–13, which changed the balance of power in the Balkans to the detriment of Austria-Hungary.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Some historians, such as Margaret MacMillan, believe that Germany created its own diplomatic isolation in Europe, in part by an aggressive and pointless imperial policy known as Weltpolitik. Others, such as Clark, believe that German isolation was the unintended consequence of a détente between Britain, France, and Russia. The détente was driven by Britain's desire for imperial security in relation to France in North Africa and to Russia in Persia and India.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Either way, the isolation was important because it left Germany few options but to ally itself more strongly with Austria-Hungary, leading ultimately to unconditional support for Austria-Hungary's punitive war on Serbia during the July Crisis.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Otto von Bismarck disliked the idea of an overseas empire but supported France's colonization in Africa because it diverted the French government, attention, and resources away from Continental Europe and revanchism after 1870. Germany's "New Course" in foreign affairs, "Weltpolitik" ("world policy"), was adopted in the 1890s after Bismarck's dismissal.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Its aim was ostensibly to transform Germany into a global power through assertive diplomacy, the acquisition of overseas colonies, and the development of a large navy.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Some historians, notably MacMillan and Hew Strachan, believe that a consequence of the policy of "Weltpolitik" and Germany's associated assertiveness was to isolate it. "Weltpolitik", particularly as expressed in Germany's objections to France's growing influence in Morocco in 1904 and 1907, also helped cement the Triple Entente. The Anglo-German naval race also isolated Germany by reinforcing Britain's preference for agreements with Germany's continental rivals: France and Russia.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Historians like Ferguson and Clark believe that Germany's isolation was the unintended consequences of the need for Britain to defend its empire against threats from France and Russia. They also downplay the impact of "Weltpolitik" and the Anglo-German naval race, which ended in 1911.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Britain and France signed a series of agreements in 1904, which became known as the Entente Cordiale. Most importantly, it granted freedom of action to Britain in Egypt and to France in Morocco. Equally, the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention greatly improved British–Russian relations by solidifying boundaries that identified respective control in Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912 was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Italy in North Africa. The war made it clear that no great power still appeared to wish to support the Ottoman Empire, which paved the way for the Balkan Wars.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: In 1914, however, the African scene was peaceful. The continent was almost fully divided up by the imperial powers, with only Liberia and Ethiopia still independent. There were no major disputes there pitting any two European powers against each other.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Marxism attributes war to economic interests and rivalries, in this case, imperialism. "Imperialism," argued Vladimir Lenin, "is the monopoly stage of capitalism." He stated that monopoly capitalists as empires went to war to control trade, from materials to markets. Richard Hamilton observed that the argument went that since industrialists and bankers were seeking raw materials, new markets and new investments overseas, if they were blocked by other powers, the "obvious" or "necessary" solution was war.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Nationalism made war a competition between peoples, nations or races, rather than kings and elites. Social Darwinism carried a sense of inevitability to conflict and downplayed the use of diplomacy or international agreements to end warfare. It tended to glorify warfare, the taking of initiative, and the warrior male role.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Social Darwinism played an important role across Europe, but J. Leslie has argued that it played a critical and immediate role in the strategic thinking of some important hawkish members of the Austro-Hungarian government. Social Darwinism, therefore, normalized war as an instrument of policy and justified its use.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Although general narratives of the war tend to emphasize the importance of alliances in binding the major powers to act in the event of a crisis such as the July Crisis, historians such as Margaret MacMillan warn against the argument that alliances forced the Great Powers to act as they did: "What we tend to think of as fixed alliances before the First World War were nothing of the sort. They were much more loose, much more porous, much more capable of change."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The most important alliances in Europe required participants to agree to collective defence if they were attacked. Some represented formal alliances, but the Triple Entente represented only a frame of mind:

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: There are three notable exceptions that demonstrate that alliances did not in themselves force the great powers to act:

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: One of the aims of the First Hague Conference of 1899, held at the suggestion of Tsar Nicholas II, was to discuss disarmament. The Second Hague Conference was held in 1907. All signatories except for Germany supported disarmament. Germany also did not want to agree to binding arbitration and mediation. The Kaiser was concerned that the United States would propose disarmament measures, which he opposed. All parties tried to revise international law to their own advantage.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Historians have debated the role of the German naval buildup as the principal cause of deteriorating Anglo-German relations. In any case, Germany never came close to catching up with Britain.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Supported by Wilhelm II's enthusiasm for an expanded German navy, Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz championed four Fleet Acts from 1898 to 1912. From 1902 to 1910, the Royal Navy embarked on its own massive expansion to keep ahead of the Germans. The competition came to focus on the revolutionary new ships based on the "Dreadnought", which was launched in 1906 and gave Britain a battleship that far outclassed any other in Europe.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: In Britain in 1913, there was intense internal debate about new ships because of the growing influence of John Fisher's ideas and increasing financial constraints. In 1914, Germany adopted a policy of building submarines, instead of new dreadnoughts and destroyers, effectively abandoning the race, but it kept the new policy secret to delay other powers from following suit.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: While it is true all military leaders planned for a swift victory, many military and civilian leaders recognized that the war might be long and highly destructive. The principal German and French military leaders, including Moltke, Ludendorff, and Joffre, expected a long war. British Secretary of State for War Lord Kitchener expected a long war: "three years" or longer, he told an amazed colleague.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Moltke hoped that if a European war broke out, it would be resolved swiftly, but he also conceded that it might drag on for years, wreaking immeasurable ruin. Asquith wrote of the approach of "Armageddon" and French and Russian generals spoke of a "war of extermination" and the "end of civilization." British Foreign Secretary Edward Grey famously stated just hours before Britain declared war, "The lamps are going out all over Europe, we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Clark concluded, "In the minds of many statesmen, the hope for a short war and the fear of a long one seemed to have cancelled each other out, holding at bay a fuller appreciation of the risks."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The mobilization plans limited the scope of diplomacy, as military planners wanted to begin mobilisation as quickly as possible to avoid being caught on the defensive. They also put pressure on policymakers to begin their own mobilization once it was discovered that other nations had begun to mobilize.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: In 1969, A. J. P. Taylor wrote that mobilization schedules were so rigid that once they were begun, they could not be canceled without massive disruption of the country and military disorganisation. Thus, diplomatic overtures conducted after the mobilizations had begun were ignored.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Russia ordered a partial mobilization on 25 July against Austria-Hungary only. Their lack of prewar planning for the partial mobilization made the Russians realize by 29 July that it would be impossible to interfere with a general mobilization.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Only a general mobilization could be carried out successfully. The Russians were, therefore, faced with only two options: canceling the mobilization during a crisis or moving to full mobilization, the latter of which they did on 30 July. They, therefore, mobilized along both the Russian border with Austria-Hungary and the border with Germany.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: German mobilization plans assumed a two-front war against France and Russia and had the bulk of the German army massed against France and taking the offensive in the west, and a smaller force holding East Prussia. The plans were based on the assumption that France would mobilize significantly faster than Russia.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: On 28 July, Germany learned through its spy network that Russia had implemented partial mobilisation and its "Period Preparatory to War." The Germans assumed that Russia had decided upon war and that that its mobilisation put Germany in danger, especially since because German war plans, the so-called Schlieffen Plan, relied upon Germany to mobilise speedily enough to defeat France first by attacking largely through neutral Belgium before it turned to defeat the slower-moving Russians.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Christopher Clark states: "German efforts at mediation – which suggested that Austria should 'Halt in Belgrade' and use the occupation of the Serbian capital to ensure its terms were met – were rendered futile by the speed of Russian preparations, which threatened to force the Germans to take counter-measures before mediation could begin to take effect."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: Immediately after the end of hostilities, Anglo-American historians argued that Germany was solely responsible for the start of the war. However, academic work in the English-speaking world in the late 1920s and the 1930s blamed the participants more equally.

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: The historian Fritz Fischer unleashed an intense worldwide debate in the 1960s on Germany's long-term goals. The American historian Paul Schroeder agrees with the critics that Fisher exaggerated and misinterpreted many points. However, Schroeder endorses Fisher's basic conclusion:

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: According to Annika Mombauer, a new consensus among scholars had emerged by the 1980s, mainly as a result of Fischer's intervention:

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Causes of World War I

Context: On historians inside Germany, she adds, "There was 'a far-reaching consensus about the special responsibility of the German Reich' in the writings of leading historians, though they differed in how they weighted Germany's role."

Question: మొదటి ప్రపంచ యుద్ధం మొదటగా ఏఏ దేశాల మధ్య మొదలు అయ్యింది?


Guntur

Context: In 2012, the city limits were expanded with the merger of surrounding ten villages, namely Nallapadu, Pedapalakaluru, Ankireddipalem, Adavitakkellapadu, Gorantla, Pothuru, Chowdavaram, Etukuru, Budampadu and Reddypalem.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: Guntur is located at . It has an average elevation of and is situated on the plains. There are few hills in the surrounding suburban areas and Perecherla Reserve Forest on the north west. The city is around to the west of the Bay of Bengal on the east coast of India. The Krishna delta lies partly in the Guntur district. There are other smaller rivers and channels in the region such as Guntur Channel, Chandravanka, Naagileru, Guntur Branch Canal etc.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: As quoted in NASA's website "it is typical of the wider deltas along the southeast coast of India (known as the Coromandel Coast). The braided stream channels, broad floodplain, and extensive sandbars suggest that this part of the Krishna River flows through relatively flat terrain and carries a substantial amount of sediment, especially during the monsoon season."

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: census, Guntur had a population of 367,699 with a growth rate of 36.19. census, the city had a population of . which constitute males and females —a sex ratio of 1004 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 females per 1000 males. The 2018 estimate of the city population is estimated to be around 8.5 lakh.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: Telugu is the widely spoken language with a total of native speakers, followed by Urdu speakers. A significant minority speak Hindi, Odia and Tamil. The religious population constitute Hindus (77.91%), Muslims (18.05%), Christians (3.25%), Jains (0.35%) and (0.82%) not stating any religion. One of the purportedly lost tribes of Israel called Bene Ephraim, has its presence in Guntur, with a Jewish synagogue as well.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: In the Indian general elections, Guntur Lok Sabha constituency is one among the 25 constituencies in the state to represent the Lok Sabha. While, Guntur East and Guntur West are the two assembly constituencies from 175 assembly segments, representing the state assembly.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: As part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region, the city hosts many state offices and agencies such as Andhra Pradesh Forest Department, Agricultural Marketing Department etc. The state's crime investigative agency (Crime Investigation Dept.) is known as CID. Its regional office is located within the city and its headquarters located in the Guntur Urban district in Mangalari.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: Guntur Urban and Rural police offices oversee the law and order for the city and the rural areas surrounding it. The Guntur Urban Police is under consideration to be upgraded as Guntur Police Commissionerate. The NCC Group Guntur is the National Cadet Corps of the Armed forces. It is located at Syamalanagar. The city also hosts one of the Indian Army recruitment and training centres. The city has a new Regional Passport Centre to cater the citizens of the district and state.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: The High Court was in Guntur after the separation from the erstwhile Madras State, which was later moved to Hyderabad after the formation of Andhra Pradesh. After the bifurcation of the state a new High Court is set up in the capital region of the district. The AP State Judicial Preview offices are located at Nagarampalem.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: The Government General Hospital (GGH) provides free healthcare to people across the district. There are other healthcare facilities like Sankara Eye Hospital that serve people in and around the city. Also there are urban health care centres, couple of hundred private hospitals in the city. The infrastructure for the government hospital is being improved to support increased population of the region.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: As part of the traffic and safety issues Guntur Urban and local police are implementing various measures with latest available technologies.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: Threat detection, traffic violations etc. are being monitored with effective surveillance and central monitoring control systems.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: Implementation of high resolution cameras are done various important traffic junctions. The businesses and restaurants are encouraged by the city police to increase

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: The South Indian breakfast varieties such as Idli, Dosa, Puri, Vada etc., are preferred mostly. The "Red chilli biryani" is one of the native dish from the area. Guntur Sannam, a chilli variety was registered as one of the geographical indication from Andhra Pradesh under the "Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999".

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: The city has many hotels, restaurants for dine in many areas. Also there are lot of street food vendors in every corner of the city. Guntur has many places for lodging and boarding including 5 star hotels.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: The major commercial and residential areas in the city include the Arundelpet, Lakshmipuram and Brodipet. Koretapadu, Navabharath Nagar, Pattabhipuram, Syamala Nagar and Vidya Nagar etc., are some of the other areas in the city. Autonagar, Gorantla, Pedapalakaluru, Nallapadu, Budampadu, Chowdavaram etc. are some of the other areas of the city.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: The pollution levels in Guntur city are at a moderate levels when compared with other major cities of the Country. There are many efforts being made to increase the awareness and keep the city cleaner. The hundred day clean drive, is a recent drive being taken place to keep the city region clean. Plastic waste to fuel conversion plant is setup in the city. Currently the fuel from the plant is being used for vehicles run by the city municipal corporation.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: The local transport preferred by the commuters include, privately operated auto rickshaws, cabs, mini-buses etc., and government run APSRTC buses in specified routes. Every day, close to one lakh people travel by different modes of transport. Auto rickshaws operating on a sharing basis are the cheapest form of transport for the students and the working population.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: NTR bus station handles more than 2000 buses every day, which arrive from different districts of the state. A new mini bus station built in the premises of NTR bus station is being used to run buses towards Vijayawada to ease the congestion in main bus station. GMC is developing e-Bus Bay centres in the city for the convenience of commuters.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: The "Rail Vikas Bhavan" at Pattabhipuram in the city is the headquarters of Guntur railway division. , and railway stations of the city provide rail transport. While, , Perecherla and railway stations serve as satellite stations to the city commuters. The Guntur railway station operates MEMU and local trains for the commuting population, including thousands of university students.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: There had been a proposal to build a no frills airport for the city. The airport located at Gannavaram currently serves some of the air travel needs for the city commuters.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: Information Technology centres are setup in and around the city institutes to facilitate IT company employees with 'IT Work from Town Centres'. The centres are equipped with better network speed, uninterrupted power supply.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: As per the 58th annual report of Press India 2013–14, the major Telugu daily publications from Guntur are Andhra Jyothi, Eenadu, Andhra Prabha, Sakshi, Suryaa, Telugu Jatiya Dinapatrika Vaartha. The English publications are, Deccan Chronicle, News Boom, The Fourth Voice, Views Observer.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: Sporting infrastructure of the city include several venues for many sports such as, Brahmananda Reddy stadium for Tennis, Badminton, Volleyball, Athletics, Gymnastics, Swimming; NTR Municipal Indoor stadium for Table Tennis and Volleyball; and also other sports such as Boxing. It becomes the first state to get blue athletic track in India

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: The city has hosted sporting events such as, "All India Senior Tennis Association", "All India Sub Junior Ranking Badminton Tournament", "All India Invitation Volleyball Tournament", "Ganta Sanjeeva Reddy Memorial Trophy", "Inter-district Master Aquatic Championship" etc. The city was also a host for "Khelo India programme" for junior level national sports. City hosts mini marathons and walks such as 10K-Walk in and around the city region.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Guntur

Context: International sports personalities from the city include: cricketer Ambati Rayudu; badminton player Srikanth Kidambi, who won the "Super Series" title in China and also finished as a quarter finalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Question: 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం గుంటూరు పట్టణ జనాభా ఎంత ?


Water vapor

Context: Being a component of Earth's hydrosphere and hydrologic cycle, it is particularly abundant in Earth's atmosphere, where it acts as a greenhouse gas and warming feedback, contributing more to total greenhouse effect than non-condensable gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Use of water vapor, as steam, has been important for cooking, and as a major component in energy production and transport systems since the industrial revolution.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Sublimation is important in the preparation of certain classes of biological specimens for scanning electron microscopy. Typically the specimens are prepared by cryofixation and freeze-fracture, after which the broken surface is freeze-etched, being eroded by exposure to vacuum till it shows the required level of detail. This technique can display protein molecules, organelle structures and lipid bilayers with very low degrees of distortion.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Also, a net condensation of water vapor occurs on surfaces when the temperature of the surface is at or below the dew point temperature of the atmosphere. Deposition is a phase transition separate from condensation which leads to the direct formation of ice from water vapor. Frost and snow are examples of deposition.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: 2) Cooling from the drop in air pressure which occurs with uplift of air, also known as adiabatic cooling.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Air can be lifted by mountains, which deflect the air upward, by convection, and by cold and warm fronts.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: A number of chemical reactions have water as a product. If the reactions take place at temperatures higher than the dew point of the surrounding air the water will be formed as vapor and increase the local humidity, if below the dew point local condensation will occur. Typical reactions that result in water formation are the burning of hydrogen or hydrocarbons in air or other oxygen containing gas mixtures, or as a result of reactions with oxidizers.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Measuring the quantity of water vapor in a medium can be done directly or remotely with varying degrees of accuracy. Remote methods such electromagnetic absorption are possible from satellites above planetary atmospheres. Direct methods may use electronic transducers, moistened thermometers or hygroscopic materials measuring changes in physical properties or dimensions.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Water vapor is lighter or less dense than dry air. At equivalent temperatures it is buoyant with respect to dry air, whereby the density of dry air at standard temperature and pressure (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa) is 1.27 g/L and water vapor at standard temperature has a vapor pressure of 0.6 kPa and the much lower density of 0.0048 g/L.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Water vapor is a by-product of respiration in plants and animals. Its contribution to the pressure, increases as its concentration increases. Its partial pressure contribution to air pressure increases, lowering the partial pressure contribution of the other atmospheric gases (Dalton's Law). The total air pressure must remain constant. The presence of water vapor in the air naturally dilutes or displaces the other air components as its concentration increases.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: This can have an effect on respiration. In very warm air (35 °C) the proportion of water vapor is large enough to give rise to the stuffiness that can be experienced in humid jungle conditions or in poorly ventilated buildings.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Water vapor has lower density than that of air and is therefore buoyant in air but has lower vapor pressure than that of air. When water vapor is used as a lifting gas by a thermal airship the water vapor is heated to form steam so that its vapor pressure is greater than the surrounding air pressure in order to maintain the shape of a theoretical "steam balloon", which yields approximately 60% the lift of helium and twice that of hot air.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: The amount of water vapor in an atmosphere is constrained by the restrictions of partial pressures and temperature. Dew point temperature and relative humidity act as guidelines for the process of water vapor in the water cycle. Energy input, such as sunlight, can trigger more evaporation on an ocean surface or more sublimation on a chunk of ice on top of a mountain. The "balance" between condensation and evaporation gives the quantity called vapor partial pressure.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: The maximum partial pressure ("saturation pressure") of water vapor in air varies with temperature of the air and water vapor mixture. A variety of empirical formulas exist for this quantity; the most used reference formula is the Goff-Gratch equation for the SVP over liquid water below zero degrees Celsius:

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: where , temperature of the moist air, is given in units of kelvin, and is given in units of millibars (hectopascals).

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: The formula is valid from about −50 to 102 °C; however there are a very limited number of measurements of the vapor pressure of water over supercooled liquid water. There are a number of other formulae which can be used.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Under certain conditions, such as when the boiling temperature of water is reached, a net evaporation will always occur during standard atmospheric conditions regardless of the percent of relative humidity. This immediate process will dispel massive amounts of water vapor into a cooler atmosphere.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Exhaled air is almost fully at equilibrium with water vapor at the body temperature. In the cold air the exhaled vapor quickly condenses, thus showing up as a fog or mist of water droplets and as condensation or frost on surfaces. Forcibly condensing these water droplets from exhaled breath is the basis of exhaled breath condensate, an evolving medical diagnostic test.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Controlling water vapor in air is a key concern in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry. Thermal comfort depends on the moist air conditions. Non-human comfort situations are called refrigeration, and also are affected by water vapor. For example, many food stores, like supermarkets, utilize open chiller cabinets, or "food cases", which can significantly lower the water vapor pressure (lowering humidity). This practice delivers several benefits as well as problems.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Fog and clouds form through condensation around cloud condensation nuclei. In the absence of nuclei, condensation will only occur at much lower temperatures. Under persistent condensation or deposition, cloud droplets or snowflakes form, which precipitate when they reach a critical mass.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Global mean water vapour is about 0.25% of the atmosphere by mass and also varies seasonally, in terms of contribution to atmospheric pressure between 2.62 hPa in July and 2.33 hPa in December. IPCC AR6 expresses medium confidence in increase of total water vapour at about 1-2% per decade; it is expected to increase by around 7% per °C of warming.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Atmospheric water vapor content is expressed using various measures. These include vapor pressure, specific humidity, mixing ratio, dew point temperature, and relative humidity.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Because water molecules absorb microwaves and other radio wave frequencies, water in the atmosphere attenuates radar signals. In addition, atmospheric water will reflect and refract signals to an extent that depends on whether it is vapor, liquid or solid.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Generally, radar signals lose strength progressively the farther they travel through the troposphere. Different frequencies attenuate at different rates, such that some components of air are opaque to some frequencies and transparent to others. Radio waves used for broadcasting and other communication experience the same effect.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Water vapor reflects radar to a lesser extent than do water's other two phases. In the form of drops and ice crystals, water acts as a prism, which it does not do as an individual molecule; however, the existence of water vapor in the atmosphere causes the atmosphere to act as a giant prism.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: As water vapor absorbs light in the visible spectral range, its absorption can be used in spectroscopic applications (such as DOAS) to determine the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. This is done operationally, e.g. from the GOME spectrometers on ERS and MetOp. The weaker water vapor absorption lines in the blue spectral range and further into the UV up to its dissociation limit around 243 nm are mostly based on quantum mechanical calculations and are only partly confirmed by experiments.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Water vapor plays a key role in lightning production in the atmosphere. From cloud physics, usually clouds are the real generators of static charge as found in Earth's atmosphere. The ability of clouds to hold massive amounts of electrical energy is directly related to the amount of water vapor present in the local system.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: The amount of water vapor directly controls the permittivity of the air. During times of low humidity, static discharge is quick and easy. During times of higher humidity, fewer static discharges occur. Permittivity and capacitance work hand in hand to produce the megawatt outputs of lightning.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: Water vapor is common in the Solar System and by extension, other planetary systems. Its signature has been detected in the atmospheres of the Sun, occurring in sunspots. The presence of water vapor has been detected in the atmospheres of all seven extraterrestrial planets in the solar system, the Earth's Moon, and the moons of other planets, although typically in only trace amounts.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


Water vapor

Context: The brilliance of comet tails comes largely from water vapor. On approach to the Sun, the ice many comets carry sublimes to vapor. Knowing a comet's distance from the sun, astronomers may deduce the comet's water content from its brilliance.

Question: నీరు ఆవిరిగా మారడానికి ఎంత ఉష్ణోగ్రత కావాలి?


John Logie Baird

Context: On 26 January 1926, Baird gave the first public demonstration of true television images for members of the Royal Institution and a reporter from "The Times" in his laboratory at 22 Frith Street in the Soho district of London, where Bar Italia is now located. Baird initially used a scan rate of 5 pictures per second, improving this to 12.5 pictures per second c.1927. It was the first demonstration of a television system that could scan and display live moving images with tonal graduation.

Question: టెలివిజన్ ను ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


John Logie Baird

Context: Between 1926 and 1928, he attempted to develop an early video recording device, which he dubbed Phonovision. The system consisted of a large Nipkow scanning disk attached by a mechanical linkage to a record-cutting lathe. The result was a disc that could record a 30-line video signal. Technical difficulties with the system prevented its further development, but some of the original Phonovision discs have been preserved.

Question: టెలివిజన్ ను ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


War and Peace

Context: War and Peace (; pre-reform Russian: ; ) is a literary work mixed with chapters on history and philosophy by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy. It was first published serially, then published in its entirety in 1869. It is regarded as one of Tolstoy's finest literary achievements and remains an internationally praised classic of world literature.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Tolstoy said that the best Russian literature does not conform to standards and hence hesitated to classify "War and Peace", saying it is "not a novel, even less is it a poem, and still less a historical chronicle". Large sections, especially the later chapters, are philosophical discussions rather than narrative. He regarded "Anna Karenina" as his first true novel.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: It is unknown why Tolstoy changed the name to "War and Peace". He may have borrowed the title from the 1861 work of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: ("War and Peace" in French). The title may also be another reference to Titus, described as being a master of "war and peace" in "The Twelve Caesars", written by Suetonius in 119.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: The "1805" manuscript was re-edited and annotated in Russia in 1893 and has been since translated into English, German, French, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, Albanian, Korean, and Czech.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: The novel is set 60 years before Tolstoy's day, but he had spoken with people who lived through the 1812 French invasion of Russia. He read all the standard histories available in Russian and French about the Napoleonic Wars and had read letters, journals, autobiographies and biographies of Napoleon and other key players of that era. There are approximately 160 real persons named or referred to in "War and Peace".

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: He worked from primary source materials (interviews and other documents), as well as from history books, philosophy texts and other historical novels. Tolstoy also used a great deal of his own experience in the Crimean War to bring vivid detail and first-hand accounts of how the Imperial Russian Army was structured.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Tolstoy was critical of standard history, especially military history, in "War and Peace". He explains at the start of the novel's third volume his own views on how history ought to be written.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: The use of French diminishes as the book progresses. It is suggested that this is to demonstrate Russia freeing itself from foreign cultural domination, and to show that a once-friendly nation has turned into an enemy. By midway through the book, several of the Russian aristocracy are eager to find Russian tutors for themselves.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: The novel spans the period from 1805 to 1820. The era of Catherine the Great was still fresh in the minds of older people. Catherine had made French the language of her royal court. For the next 100 years, it became a social requirement for the Russian nobility to speak French and understand French culture.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: The historical context of the novel begins with the execution of Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien in 1805, while Russia is ruled by Alexander I during the Napoleonic Wars. Key historical events woven into the novel include the Ulm Campaign, the Battle of Austerlitz, the Treaties of Tilsit, and the Congress of Erfurt. Tolstoy also references the Great Comet of 1811 just before the French invasion of Russia.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Tolstoy then uses the Battle of Ostrovno and the Battle of Shevardino Redoubt in his novel, before the occupation of Moscow and the subsequent fire. The novel continues with the Battle of Tarutino, the Battle of Maloyaroslavets, the Battle of Vyazma, and the Battle of Krasnoi. The final battle cited is the Battle of Berezina, after which the characters move on with rebuilding Moscow and their lives.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: The novel tells the story of five families—the Bezukhovs, the Bolkonskys, the Rostovs, the Kuragins, and the Drubetskoys.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: In addition, several real-life historical characters (such as Napoleon and Prince Mikhail Kutuzov) play a prominent part in the book. Many of Tolstoy's characters were based on real people. His grandparents and their friends were the models for many of the main characters; his great-grandparents would have been of the generation of Prince Vassily or Count Ilya Rostov.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: At Bald Hills, the Bolkonskys' country estate, Prince Andrei departs for war and leaves his terrified, pregnant wife Lise with his eccentric father Prince Nikolai Andreyevich and devoutly religious sister Maria Nikolayevna Bolkonskaya, who refuses to marry the son of a wealthy aristocrat on account of her devotion to her father and suspicion that the young man would be unfaithful to her.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Pierre is contrasted with Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. Andrei recovers from his near-fatal wound in a military hospital and returns home, only to find his wife Lise dying in childbirth. He is stricken by his guilty conscience for not treating her better. His child, Nikolai, survives.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Burdened with nihilistic disillusionment, Prince Andrei does not return to the army but remains on his estate, working on a project that would codify military behavior to solve problems of disorganization responsible for the loss of life on the Russian side. Pierre visits him and brings new questions: where is God in this amoral world? Pierre is interested in panentheism and the possibility of an afterlife.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Pierre's wife, Hélène, begs him to take her back, and trying to abide by the Freemason laws of forgiveness, he agrees. Hélène establishes herself as an influential hostess in Petersburg society.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Pierre is initially horrified by Natasha's behavior but realizes he has fallen in love with her. As the Great Comet of 1811–12 streaks across the sky, life appears to begin anew for Pierre. Prince Andrei coldly accepts Natasha's breaking of the engagement. He tells Pierre that his pride will not allow him to renew his proposal.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Back in Moscow, the patriotic Petya joins a crowd in audience of Tzar Alexander and manages to snatch a biscuit thrown from the balcony window of the Cathedral of the Assumption by the Tzar. He is nearly crushed by the throngs in his effort. Under the influence of the same patriotism, his father finally allows him to enlist.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: When Napoleon's army finally occupies an abandoned and burning Moscow, Pierre takes off on a quixotic mission to assassinate Napoleon. He becomes anonymous in all the chaos, shedding his responsibilities by wearing peasant clothes and shunning his duties and lifestyle. The only people he sees are Natasha and some of her family, as they depart Moscow. Natasha recognizes and smiles at him, and he in turn realizes the full scope of his love for her.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Meanwhile, Andrei has been taken in and cared for by the Rostovs, fleeing from Moscow to Yaroslavl. He is reunited with Natasha and his sister Maria before the end of the war. In an internal transformation, he loses the fear of death and forgives Natasha in a last act before dying.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Nikolai becomes worried about his family's finances, and leaves the army after hearing of Petya's death. There is little hope for recovery. Given the Rostov's ruin, he does not feel comfortable with the prospect of marrying the wealthy Marya Bolkonsky, but when they meet again they both still feel love for each other.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: As the novel draws to a close, Pierre's wife Hélène dies from an overdose of an abortifacient (Tolstoy does not state it explicitly but the euphemism he uses is unambiguous). Pierre is reunited with Natasha, while the victorious Russians rebuild Moscow. Natasha speaks of Prince Andrei's death and Pierre of Karataev's. Both are aware of a growing bond between them in their bereavement. With the help of Princess Maria, Pierre finds love at last and marries Natasha.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: The first part of the epilogue begins with the wedding of Pierre and Natasha in 1813. Count Rostov dies soon after, leaving his eldest son Nikolai to take charge of the debt-ridden estate. Nikolai finds himself with the task of maintaining the family on the verge of bankruptcy. His just treatment of peasants earns him respect and love, and his situation improves. He and Maria now have children.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Nikolai and Maria then move to Bald Hills with his mother and Sonya, whom he supports for the rest of their lives. They also raise Prince Andrei's orphaned son, Nikolai Andreyevich (Nikolenka) Bolkonsky.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: War and Peace is Tolstoy's longest work, consisting of 361 chapters. There are a total of 24 philosophical chapters in the book out of the 361 chapters:

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Book 3 - Part 10 - Chapters 19, 20, and 33, Part 11 - Chapter 1, Book 4 - Part 13 - Chapter 8, Part 14 - Chapters 1, 2, and 18, Epilogue - Part I, Chapters 1 to 4, and Epilogue Part 2 are philosophical chapters that have the author's comments and views rather than narrative.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Afanasy Fet, in a January 1, 1870 letter to Tolstoy, expressed his great delight with the novel. "You've managed to show us in great detail the other, mundane side of life and explain how organically does it feed the outer, heroic side of it", he added.

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


War and Peace

Context: Isaak Babel said, after reading "War and Peace", "If the world could write by itself, it would write like Tolstoy." Tolstoy "gives us a unique combination of the 'naive objectivity' of the oral narrator with the interest in detail characteristic of realism. This is the reason for our trust in his presentation."

Question: వార్ అండ్ పీస్ నవలను  ఎప్పుడు ప్రచురించారు?


Ottawa

Context: As of 2016, over 20 percent of the city's population is foreign-born. About 6.8% of residents are not Canadian citizens.

Question: కెనడా దేశ రాజధాని ఏది?


Ottawa

Context: The city is also home to the Canada Agriculture Museum, the Canada Aviation and Space Museum, the Canada Science and Technology Museum, Billings Estate Museum, Bytown Museum, Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, the Bank of Canada Museum, and the Portrait Gallery of Canada.

Question: కెనడా దేశ రాజధాని ఏది?


Ottawa

Context: OC Transpo, a department of the city, operates the public transit system. OC Transpo operates an integrated, multi-modal Rapid Transit system which includes:

Question: కెనడా దేశ రాజధాని ఏది?


Ottawa

Context: A downtown street that is restricted to pedestrians only, Sparks Street was turned into a pedestrian mall in 1966. On Sundays (since 1960) and selected holidays and events, additional avenues and streets are reserved for pedestrian and/or bicycle use only. In May 2011, the NCC introduced the Capital Bixi bicycle-sharing system.

Question: కెనడా దేశ రాజధాని ఏది?


Solar energy

Context: Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar power to generate electricity, solar thermal energy (including solar water heating), and solar architecture.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of electricity. Solar energy has been cheaper than fossil fuels since 2021.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries' energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible, and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating global warming ... These advantages are global.".

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest, 122 PW, is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most of the world's population live in areas with insolation levels of 150–300 watts/m2, or 3.5–7.0 kWh/m2 per day.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 122 PW·year = 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002 (2019), this was more energy in one hour (one hour and 25 minutes) than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Besides, land availability has a large effect on the available solar energy because solar panels can only be set up on land that is otherwise unused and suitable for solar panels. Roofs are a suitable place for solar cells, as many people have discovered that they can collect energy directly from their homes this way. Other areas that are suitable for solar cells are lands that are not being used for businesses where solar plants can be established.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Solar technologies are characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on the distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than Geothermal power and Tidal power, derive their energy either directly or indirectly from the Sun.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: In 2000, the United Nations Development Programme, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and World Energy Council published an estimate of the potential solar energy that could be used by humans each year that took into account factors such as insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans. The estimate found that solar energy has a global potential of per year "(see table below)".

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Solar thermal technologies can be used for water heating, space heating, space cooling and process heat generation.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: In 1878, at the Universal Exposition in Paris, Augustin Mouchot successfully demonstrated a solar steam engine, but couldn't continue development because of cheap coal and other factors.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In middle geographical latitudes (between 40 degrees north and 40 degrees south), 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use, with water temperatures up to , can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: As of 2015, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems was approximately 436 thermal gigawatt (GWth), and China is the world leader in their deployment with 309 GWth installed, taken up 71% of the market. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of solar hot water systems with over 90% of homes using them. In the United States, Canada, and Australia, heating swimming pools is the dominant application of solar hot water with an installed capacity of 18 GWth as of 2005.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: A solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated, causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be improved by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Solar water disinfection (SODIS) involves exposing water-filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to sunlight for several hours. Exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions. It is recommended by the World Health Organization as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage. Over two million people in developing countries use this method for their daily drinking water.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Solar energy may be used in a water stabilization pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity. A further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: The salt melts at . It is kept liquid at in an insulated "cold" storage tank. The liquid salt is pumped through panels in a solar collector where the focused irradiance heats it to . It is then sent to a hot storage tank. This is so well insulated that the thermal energy can be usefully stored for up to a week.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: When electricity is needed, the hot salt is pumped to a conventional steam-generator to produce superheated steam for a turbine/generator as used in any conventional coal, oil, or nuclear power plant. A 100-megawatt turbine would need a tank about tall and in diameter to drive it for four hours by this design.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Several parabolic trough power plants in Spain and solar power tower developer SolarReserve use this thermal energy storage concept. The Solana Generating Station in the U.S. has six hours of storage by molten salt. The María Elena plant is a 400 MW thermo-solar complex in the northern Chilean region of Antofagasta employing molten salt technology.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Sunlight has influenced building design since the beginning of architectural history. Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Development of a solar-powered car has been an engineering goal since the 1980s. The World Solar Challenge is a biannual solar-powered car race, where teams from universities and enterprises compete over across central Australia from Darwin to Adelaide. In 1987, when it was founded, the winner's average speed was and by 2007 the winner's average speed had improved to .

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: The North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge are comparable competitions that reflect an international interest in the engineering and development of solar powered vehicles.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Some vehicles use solar panels for auxiliary power, such as for air conditioning, to keep the interior cool, thus reducing fuel consumption.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: In 1975, the first practical solar boat was constructed in England. By 1995, passenger boats incorporating PV panels began appearing and are now used extensively. In 1996, Kenichi Horie made the first solar-powered crossing of the Pacific Ocean, and the "Sun21" catamaran made the first solar-powered crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the winter of 2006–2007. There were plans to circumnavigate the globe in 2010.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands, causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Thermal mass systems can store solar energy in the form of heat at domestically useful temperatures for daily or interseasonal durations. Thermal storage systems generally use readily available materials with high specific heat capacities such as water, earth and stone. Well-designed systems can lower peak demand, shift time-of-use to off-peak hours and reduce overall heating and cooling requirements.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores energy in the form of water pumped when energy is available from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation one. The energy is recovered when demand is high by releasing the water, with the pump becoming a hydroelectric power generator.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Beginning with the surge in coal use, which accompanied the Industrial Revolution, energy consumption has steadily transitioned from wood and biomass to fossil fuels. The early development of solar technologies starting in the 1860s was driven by an expectation that coal would soon become scarce. However, development of solar technologies stagnated in the early 20th  century in the face of the increasing availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: The 1973 oil embargo and 1979 energy crisis caused a reorganization of energy policies around the world. It brought renewed attention to developing solar technologies. Deployment strategies focused on incentive programs such as the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan. Other efforts included the formation of research facilities in the US (SERI, now NREL), Japan (NEDO), and Germany (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE).

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces:

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: In 2021 Lazard estimated the levelized cost of new build unsubsidized utility scale solar electricity at less than 37 dollars per MWh and existing coal-fired power above that amount. The 2021 report also said that new solar was also cheaper than new gas-fired power, but not generally existing gas power.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) systems employ sunlight concentrated onto photovoltaic surfaces for the purpose of electricity generation. Thermoelectric, or "thermovoltaic" devices convert a temperature difference between dissimilar materials into an electric current.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: It is possible to use any type of solar thermal panel (sheet and tubes, roll-bond, heat pipe, thermal plates) or hybrid (mono/polycrystalline, thin film) in combination with the heat pump. The use of a hybrid panel is preferable because it allows covering a part of the electricity demand of the heat pump and reduces the power consumption and consequently the variable costs of the system.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: An electric aircraft is an aircraft that runs on electric motors rather than internal combustion engines, with electricity coming from fuel cells, solar cells, ultracapacitors, power beaming, or batteries.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Solar energy

Context: Currently, flying manned electric aircraft are mostly experimental demonstrators, though many small unmanned aerial vehicles are powered by batteries. Electrically powered model aircraft have been flown since the 1970s, with one report in 1957. The first man-carrying electrically powered flights were made in 1973. Between 2015 and 2016, a manned, solar-powered plane, "Solar Impulse 2", completed a circumnavigation of the Earth.

Question: సౌరశక్తి విద్యుత్ ను మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

Context: Applications of DHCA include repairs of the aortic arch, repairs to head and neck great vessels, repair of large cerebral aneurysms, repair of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, and resection of tumors that have invaded the vena cava.

Question: మానవుడు ఎంత తక్కువ ఉష్ణోగ్రతని తట్టుకోగలడు ?


Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

Context: The use of hypothermia for medical purposes can date back to the Hippocrates, where they advocated packing snow and ice into wounds to reduce hemorrhage. The origin of hypothermia and neuroprotection was also observed in infants who were exposed to cold due to abandonment and the prolonged viability of these infants.

Question: మానవుడు ఎంత తక్కువ ఉష్ణోగ్రతని తట్టుకోగలడు ?