Transport in Finland

Context: Coaches are mainly operated by private companies and provide services widely across the country. There is a large network of ExpressBus services with connections to all major cities and the most important rural areas as well as a burgeoning OnniBus 'cheap bus' network. Coach stations are operated by Matkahuolto.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: In 2015, number of road traffic accidents involving personal injury was 5,164. In them, 266 persons were killed. The number of road deaths per million inhabitants is just below the European average. Traffic safety has improved significantly since the early 1970s, when more than one thousand people died in road traffic every year.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: The Finnish railway network consists of a total of of railways built with . of track is electrified. In 2010, passengers made 13.4 million long-distance voyages and 55.5 million trips in local traffic. On the same year, over of freight were transported.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: The Helsinki area has three urban rail systems: a tramway, a metro, and a commuter rail system. Light rail systems are currently being planned for Helsinki and also for Turku and Tampere, two of the country's other major urban centres.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: There are plans to link Helsinki to Turku and Tampere by high-speed lines resulting in journey times of an hour between the capital and the two cities. A link to Kouvola is also planned. The estimated cost of these lines is €10 billion.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: In Finland there have been four cities with trams: Helsinki, Turku, Viipuri and Tampere. Of the older systems only Helsinki has retained its tramway network. The trams in Viipuri, having been lost to Soviet Union in 1945, ceased operations in 1957, while the Turku tramway network shut down in 1972.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: In November 2016, Tampere city council approved the construction of a new light rail system. Construction of phase 1 begun late 2016 and finished in 2021. Tampere trams are already operating but the official opening date is 9 august 2021. Turku also has preliminary plans for new tram system, but no decision to build it has been made.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: Helsinki currently operates 10 tramlines on a network of approximately of track in passenger service. The trams have annually 57 million passengers.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: There are 148 airfields, 74 of which have paved runways. 21 airports are served by scheduled passenger flights. By far the largest airport is Helsinki-Vantaa Airport, and the second largest by passenger volume is Oulu Airport. The larger airports are managed by the state-owned Finavia (formerly the Finnish Civil Aviation Administration). Finnair, Nordic Regional Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle are the main carriers for domestic flights.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: Helsinki-Vantaa airport is Finland's global gateway with scheduled non-stop flights to such places as Bangkok, Beijing, Guangzhou, Nagoya, New York, Osaka, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Tokyo. Helsinki has an optimal location for great circle airline traffic routes between Western Europe and the Far East. The airport is located approximately 19 kilometers north of Helsinki's downtown in the city of Vantaa, thus the name Helsinki-Vantaa.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: Other airports with regular scheduled international connections are Kokkola-Pietarsaari Airport, Mariehamn Airport, Tampere-Pirkkala Airport, Turku Airport and Vaasa Airport.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: The largest general port is Port of Hamina-Kotka. Port of Helsinki is the busiest passenger harbour, and it also has significant cargo traffic. By cargo tons, the five busiest ports are Hamina-Kotka, Helsinki, Rauma, Kilpilahti and Naantali.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: Icebreakers keep 23 ports open for traffic even in winter. The ports in Gulf of Bothnia need icebreakers in average six months a year, while in Gulf of Finland icebreakers are needed for three months a year.

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: Frequent ferry service connects Finland with Estonia and Sweden. Baltic cruise liners regularly call on the

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


Transport in Finland

Context: port of Helsinki as well. In domestic service, ferries connect Finland's islands with the mainland. Finland's cargo ports

Question: Mikä on Suomessa linja-auton suurin sallittu ajonopeus?


1992 United States presidential election

Context: Along with Gerald Ford (1976), Jimmy Carter (1980), and Donald Trump (2020), Bush is one of four incumbent presidents since World War II to lose a bid for a second term.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Clinton chose U.S. Senator Al Gore (D-Tennessee) to be his running mate on July 9, 1992. Choosing fellow Southerner Gore went against the popular strategy of balancing a Southern candidate with a Northern partner. Gore served to balance the ticket in other ways, as he was perceived as strong on family values and environmental issues, while Clinton was not. Also, Gore's similarities to Clinton allowed him to push some of his key campaign themes, such as centrism and generational change.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: President George H. W. Bush and Vice President Dan Quayle easily won renomination by the Republican Party. However, the success of the opposition forced the moderate Bush to move further to the right than in the previous election, and to incorporate many socially conservative planks in the party platform. Bush allowed Buchanan to give a prime time address at the Republican National Convention in Houston, Texas, and his culture war speech alienated many moderates.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The 6th Libertarian Party National Convention was held in Chicago, Illinois. There, the Libertarian Party nominated Andre Marrou, former Alaska State Representative and the Party's 1988 vice-presidential candidate, for President. Nancy Lord was his running mate.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Lenora Fulani, who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the New Alliance Party, received a second consecutive nomination from the Party in 1992. Unlike in 1988, Fulani failed to gain ballot access in every state, deciding to concentrate some of that campaign funding towards exposure of her candidacy and the Party to the national public.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Fulani also sought the endorsement of the Peace and Freedom Party of California, but despite winning a majority in that party's primary, she would lose the nomination to Ronald Daniels, the former Director the National Rainbow Coalition. Rather than pursuing a ballot space of her own, Fulani would endorse Daniels's candidacy in California.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The party's first presidential ticket appeared on the ballot in 28 states and drew 37,137 votes (<0.1% of the popular vote).

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The U.S. Taxpayers Party ran its first presidential ticket in 1992, having only been formed the prior year. Initially Howard Phillips had hoped to successfully entice a prominent conservative politician, such as the former Senator Gordon J. Humphrey from New Hampshire, or even Patrick Buchanan who at the time had only been mulling over running against President Bush (he would officially declare in December 1991).

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Earlier that year, in the June 2 California primary, Phillips had received 15,456 votes in the American Independent Party primary. On August 30, the American Independent Party voted to affiliate with the U.S. Taxpayers Party, an affiliation which continued until 2008.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: During August 1992, Gritz attracted national attention as mediator during the government standoff with Randy Weaver at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: He received 106,152 votes nationwide (0.1% of the popular vote). In two states he had a respectable showing for a minor third party candidate: Utah, where he received 3.8% of the vote and Idaho, where he received 2.1% of the vote. In some counties, his support topped 10%, and in Franklin County, Idaho, was only a few votes away from pushing Bill Clinton into fourth place in the county.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: James Warren, who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the Socialist Workers Party, received a second consecutive nomination from the Party on the first of November 1991. Warren had two running mates that varied from state to state; Estelle DeBates and Willie Mae Reid, the latter also a resident of Illinois.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Ronald Daniels was the former executive director for the Center for Constitutional Rights, the former director of the National Rainbow Coalition, and the worked on both of Jesse Jackson's campaigns for the Democratic presidential nomination. Asiba Tupahache, a Native American activist from New York was his running-mate.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Though running an Independent campaign under the label "Campaign for a Better Tomorrow", Daniels was endorsed by a number of third parties across the states, most notably the Peace and Freedom Party of California; though he had lost that party's presidential primary to Lenora Fulani, the nominee of the New Alliance Party, the delegates at its convention voted in favor of his candidacy 110–91, the only time it has ever nominated someone other than the winner of the primary.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The Worker's League nominated Helen Halyard for President; she was the party's nominee for Vice President in 1984 and 1988. Fred Mazelis was nominated for Vice President. Halyard and Mazelis drew 3,050 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: John Yiamouyiannis, a major opponent of water fluoridation, ran as an Independent under the label "Take Back America". Allen C. McCone was his running-mate. Yiamouyiannis and McCone drew 2,199 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The Socialist Party nominated J. Quinn Brisben for President and Barbara Garson for Vice President. Brisben and Garson drew 2,909 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The Grassroots Party nominated Jack Herer, a noted cannabis activist for President and Derrick Grimmer for Vice President. Herer and Grimmer drew 3,875 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The Prohibition Party nominated Earl Dodge, the party's chairman for President and George Ormsby for Vice President. Dodge and Ormsby drew 935 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Drew Bradford was an Independent candidate for the Presidency; he did not have a running-mate. Bradford drew 4,749 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Eugene R. Hem was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label "The Third Party". His running-mate was Joanne Roland. Hem and Roland drew 405 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Delbert Ehlers was an Independent candidate for the Presidency. His running-mate was Rick Wendt. Ehlers and Wendt drew 1,149 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: James Boren was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label "Apathy". His running-mate was Bill Weidman. Boren and Weidman drew 956 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Professor Isabell Masters was an Independent candidate for the Presidency, running under the label "Looking Back". Her running-mate was her son, Walter Ray Masters. Masters drew 327 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The American Party nominated Robert J. Smith for President and Doris Feimer for Vice President. However, for a time neither the Utah or South Carolina state parties would endorse the ticket. The American Party of South Carolina would ultimately endorse the candidacy of Howard Phillips, the nominee of the U.S. Taxpayers Party, while the American Party of Utah would decide to endorse Smith. Smith and Feimer drew 291 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The Workers World Party nominated Gloria La Riva for President and Larry Holmes for Vice President. Initially the party had voted not to field a presidential candidate in 1992, but it was later found that the party would need to get at least half a percent of the vote in New Mexico in order to maintain its ballot access in that state. La Riva and Holmes drew 181 votes.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Many character issues were raised during the campaign, including allegations that Clinton had dodged the draft during the Vietnam War, and had used marijuana, which Clinton claimed he had pretended to smoke, but "didn't inhale." Bush also accused Clinton of meeting with communists on a trip to Russia he took as a student. Clinton was often accused of being a philanderer by political opponents.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Allegations were also made that Bill Clinton had engaged in a long-term extramarital affair with Gennifer Flowers. Clinton denied ever having an affair with Flowers.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: On November 3, Bill Clinton won the election to serve as the 42nd president of the United States by a wide margin in the Electoral College, receiving 43% of the popular vote against Bush's 37.4% and Perot's 18.9%. It was the first time since 1968 that a candidate won the White House with under 50% of the popular vote. Only Washington, D.C. and Clinton's home state of Arkansas gave the majority of their votes to a single candidate in the entire country; the rest were won by pluralities of the vote.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Clinton was also the only Democrat at that point to win every electoral vote in the Northeast except for Lyndon Johnson in 1964. John Kerry and Barack Obama have been the only Democrats to repeat this since. Also, this was the first time since 1964 that the following nine states had voted Democratic: California, Colorado, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Vermont.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: The 168 electoral votes received by Bush, added to the 426 electoral votes he received in 1988, gave him the most total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president only once (594).

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: Clinton, Bush, and Perot did not focus on abortion during the campaign. Exit polls, however, showed that attitudes toward abortion "significantly influenced" the vote, as pro-choice Republicans defected from Bush.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Context: According to Seymour Martin Lipset, this election had several unique characteristics. Voters felt that economic conditions were worse than they actually were, which harmed Bush. A rare event was a strong third-party candidate. Liberals launched a backlash against 12 years of a conservative White House. The chief factor was Clinton's uniting his party, and winning over a number of heterogeneous groups.

Question: Tuliko Bill Clintonista Yhdysvaltojen 52. presidentti?


Aerial warfare in the Winter War

Context: Figures of Soviet losses during the conflict vary from source to source; One estimate puts the loss at 700–900 aircraft, the majority of them bombers: Against this Finnish losses were 62 aircraft, with a further 59 damaged beyond repair. Another states Finnish aircraft shot down 240 Soviet aircraft, with anti-aircraft fire accounting for 314 to 444 others.

Question: Mikä oli Helsingin ilmatorjuntasuoja syksyllä 1939?


Aerial warfare in the Winter War

Context: Finnish fighter pilots often dove into Soviet formations that outnumbered them ten or even twenty times, and Soviet bomber formations became wary of even single Finnish fighters, as they knew the pilot would not let them pass un-noticed. Entire squadrons could disappear on missions over Finland, and those back at their bases in Estonia could only guess at what had happened.

Question: Mikä oli Helsingin ilmatorjuntasuoja syksyllä 1939?


Aerial warfare in the Winter War

Context: On one occasion, the Finnish ace Jorma Kalevi Sarvanto encountered a formation of seven DB-3 bombers on 6 January 1940 and shot down six in just 4 minutes.

Question: Mikä oli Helsingin ilmatorjuntasuoja syksyllä 1939?


Aerial warfare in the Winter War

Context: At the start of hostilities, the Finnish Air Force had 146 aircraft of all types at its disposal, organized into 12 squadrons. The primary fighter aircraft were

Question: Mikä oli Helsingin ilmatorjuntasuoja syksyllä 1939?


Aerial warfare in the Winter War

Context: There were also 18 license-built Bristol Blenheim bombers. In 1939, an order had been placed in Italy for 25 Fiat G.50 fighters; two were being assembled in Sweden when the war broke out.

Question: Mikä oli Helsingin ilmatorjuntasuoja syksyllä 1939?


Aerial warfare in the Winter War

Context: Also there was a Swedish volunteer squadron named Flight Regiment 19, Finnish Air Force taking care of the air defence of Northern Finland. It was equipped with 12 Gloster Gladiator II biplane fighters and 5 Hawker Hart biplane bombers.

Question: Mikä oli Helsingin ilmatorjuntasuoja syksyllä 1939?


Aerial warfare in the Winter War

Context: Owing to this reinforcement, the Finnish Air Force had a greater strength at the end of the conflict than at the beginning; however they were seldom able to field more than 100 aircraft at any one time against an expanding VVS commitment.

Question: Mikä oli Helsingin ilmatorjuntasuoja syksyllä 1939?


Valmet

Context: Valmet Oyj is a Finnish company and a developer and supplier of technologies, automation systems and services for the pulp, paper and energy industries.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: During its history, Valmet has made ships, trains, aeroplanes, tractors, clocks and weapons, as described in the list of Valmet products.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: The company originated in the 1750s when a small shipyard was established in the Sveaborg fortress (now called Suomenlinna) on the islands outside Helsinki, at the time a part of the Swedish province Nyland. In the early 20th century, it ended up under the ownership of the Finnish state and became part of Valmet. Tamfelt was established in 1797 and became one of the leading suppliers of technical textiles. These operations are now part of Valmet's Service business line.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Several of the companies forming part of the new Valmet Corporation that was born in the 2010s date back to the 19th century. The Karlstad Mekaniska Werkstad (KMW) in Sweden began in 1865. Beloit Corporation began in 1858 as a foundry in the city of Beloit, Wisconsin, US. Sunds Bruk, the predecessor of Sunds Defibrator Industries Ab, was established in Sweden in 1868.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: In 1946, several metal workshops owned by the Finnish state were merged to form the Valtion Metallitehtaat (), abbreviated as ValMet. The new company came to include various metalworks that manufactured war reparations products for the Soviet Union in different parts of Finland. In the year of its establishment, the company had some 6,200 employees.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Valmet began manufacturing paper machines at the former Rautpohja artillery works in Jyväskylä, Finland in the early 1950s and delivered its first paper machine in 1953. Valmet became a paper machine supplier of international importance in the mid-1960s, when it delivered several machines to the world's leading paper industry countries.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Valmet had shipyards in Turku and Helsinki (first in the Katajanokka district, later in Vuosaari). In 1986, Valmet sold its shipbuilding operations to Wärtsilä Oy, which merged them with its own shipyards to form Wärtsilä Marine. The company was declared bankrupt in 1989. The operations continued under the names of Masa Yards Oy, Kvaerner Masa-Yards Oy, Aker Yards Oy, Aker Finnyards Oy, STX Finland Oy and currently as Meyer Turku Oy.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: In connection with the shipyard transaction, Valmet bought from Wärtsilä a paper finishing machinery unit located in Järvenpää, Finland. Together with Valmet's own paper machine manufacturing units, the Järvenpää unit formed Valmet Paperikoneet Oy, which then purchased Tampella's board machine manufacturing operations in 1992.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: In 1986, Valmet's gun manufacturing unit in Jyväskylä was transferred under Sako-Valmet Oy, which was later renamed Sako Oy. The company is currently owned by the Italian gun manufacturer Beretta.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Valmet sold its tractor, forest machine and transportation vehicle manufacturing operations to Sisu Auto in 1994. In 1997, Sisu Auto was sold to Partek, and the tractors became known as Valtra Valmet, and later Valtra. In 2002, Kone Corporation bought Partek, and in 2004 it sold Sisu to Suomen Autoteollisuus Oy, formed by a group of Finnish private investors and the company management.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: On October 1, 2013, following a meeting, Metso was split into two companies: Valmet and Metso. After the demerger on December 31, 2013, the pulp, paper and power businesses of Metso formed the new Valmet Corporation, while the mining and construction and automation businesses remained with Metso.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Jukka Viinanen became chairman of Valmet's board of directors. Viinanen had served as a member of Metso's board from 2008 to 2013, and as the chairman since 2009.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Valmet's competitors in the services market include Andritz and Voith, while other competitors like Sandusky, Albany, Joh. Clouth, Leripa, Aikawa and AstenJohnson, focused on specific product segments. Other competitors with limited offerings include Kadant, SchäferRolls, MWN, Bellmer, Hannecard and Papcel and Jinni, Wuxi Refine Tech, Richter, Beijing Up-Tech, TTT and AGW, which have strong local positions in their own niche.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Valmet's biggest competitors in the distributed control system market are ABB, Honeywell, Emerson, Siemens and Yokogawa, both in the pulp and paper automation and energy and process. In the pulp and paper automation area, the main competitors in the quality management system market are ABB, Honeywell, Voith, Paperchine, Procemex, Cognex and Isra Vision while ABB and BTG compete with Valmet in the analyzers and measurements market.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Valmet's DNA automation system is used in pulp, paper, energy and other process industries around the world. The system adapts shown information based on the needs of various users and user groups. In 2019, Valmet introduced a new web-based user interface for the system.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Valmet's Pulp and Energy business line provides technologies and solutions for pulp and energy production as well as biomass conversion. The business line's products can be divided into three main categories, as listed below.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Valmet's main competitors in the energy market are Andritz, Amec Foster Wheeler and Babcock & Wilcox.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Valmet

Context: Valmet's main competitors in the paper market are Voith, Andritz, PMP-Paper Machinery Producer and Toscotec. The competitors in the board market as well as in the paper market are Voith, Bellmer and PMT.

Question: Kuka on perustanut Valmetin?


Hadron

Context: In particle physics, a hadron (; "stout, thick") is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong interaction. They are analogous to molecules that are held together by the electric force. Most of the mass of ordinary matter comes from two hadrons: the proton and the neutron, while most of the mass of the protons and neutrons is in turn due to the binding energy of their constituent quarks, due to the strong force.

Question: Mitä hadronit ovat?


Hadron

Context: The term "hadron" is a new Greek word introduced by L.B. Okun and in a plenary talk at the 1962 International Conference on High Energy Physics at CERN. He opened his talk with the definition of a new category term:

Question: Mitä hadronit ovat?


Hadron

Context: Hadrons have excited states known as resonances. Each ground state hadron may have several excited states; several hundreds of resonances have been observed in experiments. Resonances decay extremely quickly (within about 10 seconds) via the strong nuclear force.

Question: Mitä hadronit ovat?


Hadron

Context: Each type of baryon has a corresponding antiparticle (antibaryon) in which quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks. For example, just as a proton is made of two up-quarks and one down-quark, its corresponding antiparticle, the antiproton, is made of two up-antiquarks and one down-antiquark.

Question: Mitä hadronit ovat?


Hadron

Context: As of August 2015, there are two known pentaquarks, and , both discovered in 2015 by the LHCb collaboration.

Question: Mitä hadronit ovat?


Hadron

Context: Because mesons have an even number of quarks, they are also all bosons, with integer spin, "i.e.", 0, +1, or −1. They have baryon number Examples of mesons commonly produced in particle physics experiments include pions and kaons. Pions also play a role in holding atomic nuclei together via the residual strong force.

Question: Mitä hadronit ovat?


Judaism

Context: Jews are an ethnoreligious group including those born Jewish (or "ethnic Jews"), in addition to converts to Judaism. In 2019, the world Jewish population was estimated at about 14.7 million, or roughly 0.19% of the total world population. About 46.9% of all Jews reside in Israel and another 38.8% reside in the United States and Canada, with most of the remainder living in Europe, and other minority groups spread throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Once King David was established, he told the prophet Nathan that he would like to build a permanent temple, and as a reward for his actions, God promised David that he would allow his son, Solomon, to build the First Temple and the throne would never depart from his children.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: During the early years of the Second Temple, the highest religious authority was a council known as the Great Assembly, led by Ezra the Scribe. Among other accomplishments of the Great Assembly, the last books of the Bible were written at this time and the canon sealed. Hellenistic Judaism spread to Ptolemaic Egypt from the 3rd century BCE.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Following the destruction of Jerusalem and the expulsion of the Jews, Jewish worship stopped being centrally organized around the Temple, prayer took the place of sacrifice, and worship was rebuilt around the community (represented by a minimum of ten adult men) and the establishment of the authority of rabbis who acted as teachers and leaders of individual communities.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Thus, although there is an esoteric tradition in Judaism (Kabbalah), Rabbinic scholar Max Kadushin has characterized normative Judaism as "normal mysticism", because it involves everyday personal experiences of God through ways or modes that are common to all Jews. This is played out through the observance of the "halakha" (Jewish law) and given verbal expression in the Birkat Ha-Mizvot, the short blessings that are spoken every time a positive commandment is to be fulfilled.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Whereas Jewish philosophers often debate whether God is immanent or transcendent, and whether people have free will or their lives are determined, "halakha" is a system through which any Jew acts to bring God into the world.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Ethical monotheism is central in all sacred or normative texts of Judaism. However, monotheism has not always been followed in practice. The Jewish Bible records and repeatedly condemns the widespread worship of other gods in ancient Israel. In the Greco-Roman era, many different interpretations of monotheism existed in Judaism, including the interpretations that gave rise to Christianity.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Moreover, some have argued that Judaism is a non-creedal religion that does not require one to believe in God. For some, observance of "halakha" is more important than belief in God "per se". In modern times, some liberal Jewish movements do not accept the existence of a personified deity active in history. The debate about whether one can speak of authentic or normative Judaism is not only a debate among religious Jews but also among historians.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: In Maimonides' time, his list of tenets was criticized by Hasdai Crescas and Joseph Albo. Albo and the Raavad argued that Maimonides' principles contained too many items that, while true, were not fundamentals of the faith

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: While there have been Jewish groups whose beliefs were based on the written text of the Torah alone (e.g., the Sadducees, and the Karaites), most Jews believe in the oral law. These oral traditions were transmitted by the Pharisee school of thought of ancient Judaism and were later recorded in written form and expanded upon by the rabbis.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: According to Rabbinical Jewish tradition, God gave both the Written Law (the Torah) and the Oral Torah to Moses on Mount Sinai. The Oral law is the oral tradition as relayed by God to Moses and from him, transmitted and taught to the sages (rabbinic leaders) of each subsequent generation.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: For centuries, the Torah appeared only as a written text transmitted in parallel with the oral tradition. Fearing that the oral teachings might be forgotten, Rabbi Judah haNasi undertook the mission of consolidating the various opinions into one body of law which became known as the "Mishnah".

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Over the next four centuries, the Mishnah underwent discussion and debate in both of the world's major Jewish communities (in Israel and Babylonia). The commentaries from each of these communities were eventually compiled into the two Talmuds, the Jerusalem Talmud ("Talmud Yerushalmi") and the Babylonian Talmud ("Talmud Bavli"). These have been further expounded by commentaries of various Torah scholars during the ages.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: In the text of the Torah, many words are left undefined and many procedures are mentioned without explanation or instructions. Such phenomena are sometimes offered to validate the viewpoint that the Written Law has always been transmitted with a parallel oral tradition, illustrating the assumption that the reader is already familiar with the details from other, i.e., oral, sources.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: In Judaism, "the study of Torah can be a means of experiencing God". Reflecting on the contribution of the Amoraim and Tanaim to contemporary Judaism, Professor Jacob Neusner observed:

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: To study the Written Torah and the Oral Torah in light of each other is thus also to study "how" to study the word of God.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: In the study of Torah, the sages formulated and followed various logical and hermeneutical principles. According to David Stern, all Rabbinic hermeneutics rest on two basic axioms:

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Observant Jews thus view the Torah as dynamic, because it contains within it a host of interpretations.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: According to Rabbinic tradition, all valid interpretations of the written Torah were revealed to Moses at Sinai in oral form, and handed down from teacher to pupil (The oral revelation is in effect coextensive with the Talmud itself). When different rabbis forwarded conflicting interpretations, they sometimes appealed to hermeneutic principles to legitimize their arguments; some rabbis claim that these principles were themselves revealed by God to Moses at Sinai.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: In contrast to this point of view, practices such as Humanistic Judaism reject the religious aspects of Judaism, while retaining certain cultural traditions.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Karaite Judaism believes that Jewish identity can only be transmitted by patrilineal descent. Although a minority of modern Karaites believe that Jewish identity requires that both parents be Jewish, and not only the father. They argue that only patrilineal descent can transmit Jewish identity on the grounds that all descent in the Torah went according to the male line.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: The question of what determines Jewish identity in the State of Israel was given new impetus when, in the 1950s, David Ben-Gurion requested opinions on "mihu Yehudi" ("Who is a Jew") from Jewish religious authorities and intellectuals worldwide in order to settle citizenship questions. This is still not settled, and occasionally resurfaces in Israeli politics.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Rabbinic Judaism (or in some Christian traditions, Rabbinism) (Hebrew: "Yahadut Rabanit" – יהדות רבנית) has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Talmud. It is characterised by the belief that the Written Torah (Written Law) cannot be correctly interpreted without reference to the Oral Torah and the voluminous literature specifying what behavior is sanctioned by the Law.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: The Jewish Enlightenment of the late 18th century resulted in the division of Ashkenazi (Western) Jewry into religious movements or denominations, especially in North America and Anglophone countries. The main denominations today outside Israel (where the situation is rather different) are Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform. The notion "traditional Judaism" includes the Orthodox with Conservative or solely the Orthodox Jews.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Sephardi and Mizrahi observance of Judaism tends toward the conservative, and prayer rites are reflective of this, with the text of each rite being largely unchanged since their respective inception. Observant Sephardim may follow the teachings of a particular rabbi or school of thought; for example, the Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: "Haredi" applies to a populace that can be roughly divided into three separate groups along both ethnic and ideological lines: (1) "Lithuanian" (non-hasidic) "haredim" of Ashkenazic origin; (2) Hasidic "haredim" of Ashkenazic origin; and (3) Sephardic "haredim".

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Karaite Judaism defines itself as the remnants of the non-Rabbinic Jewish sects of the Second Temple period, such as the Sadducees. The Karaites ("Scripturalists") accept only the Hebrew Bible and what they view as the Peshat ("simple" meaning); they do not accept non-biblical writings as authoritative. Some European Karaites do not see themselves as part of the Jewish community at all, although most do.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: The Samaritans, a very small community located entirely around Mount Gerizim in the Nablus/Shechem region of the West Bank and in Holon, near Tel Aviv in Israel, regard themselves as the descendants of the Israelites of the Iron Age kingdom of Israel. Their religious practices are based on the literal text of the written Torah (Five Books of Moses), which they view as the only authoritative scripture (with a special regard also for the Samaritan Book of Joshua).

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Jewish secularism refers to secularism in a particularly Jewish context, denoting the definition of Jewishness either with little recourse to religion or without. Jewish Secularist ideologies first arose in the latter third of the 19th century, and reached the apogee of their influence in the interwar period.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Historically, the Hebrew term "B'nei Noach" has applied to all non-Jews as descendants of Noah. However, nowadays it's primarily used to refer specifically to those non-Jews who observe the Seven Laws of Noah.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Jewish ethics may be guided by "halakhic" traditions, by other moral principles, or by central Jewish virtues. Jewish ethical practice is typically understood to be marked by values such as justice, truth, peace, loving-kindness (chesed), compassion, humility, and self-respect. Specific Jewish ethical practices include practices of charity (tzedakah) and refraining from negative speech (lashon hara). Proper ethical practices regarding sexuality and many other issues are subjects of dispute among Jews.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Traditionally, Jews recite prayers three times daily, Shacharit, Mincha, and Ma'ariv with a fourth prayer, Mussaf added on Shabbat and holidays. At the heart of each service is the "Amidah" or "Shemoneh Esrei". Another key prayer in many services is the declaration of faith, the "Shema Yisrael" (or "Shema"). The "Shema" is the recitation of a verse from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4): "Shema Yisrael Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Echad"—"Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God! The Lord is One!"

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Most of the prayers in a traditional Jewish service can be recited in solitary prayer, although communal prayer is preferred. Communal prayer requires a quorum of ten adult Jews, called a "minyan". In nearly all Orthodox and a few Conservative circles, only male Jews are counted toward a "minyan"; most Conservative Jews and members of other Jewish denominations count female Jews as well.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: In addition to prayer services, observant traditional Jews recite prayers and benedictions throughout the day when performing various acts. Prayers are recited upon waking up in the morning, before eating or drinking different foods, after eating a meal, and so on.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: A "kippah" (Hebrew: כִּפָּה, plural "kippot"; Yiddish: יאַרמלקע, "yarmulke") is a slightly rounded brimless skullcap worn by many Jews while praying, eating, reciting blessings, or studying Jewish religious texts, and at all times by some Jewish men. In Orthodox communities, only men wear kippot; in non-Orthodox communities, some women also wear kippot. "Kippot" range in size from a small round beanie that covers only the back of the head to a large, snug cap that covers the whole crown.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Tefillin (Hebrew: תְפִלִּין), known in English as phylacteries (from the Greek word φυλακτήριον, meaning "safeguard" or "amulet"), are two square leather boxes containing biblical verses, attached to the forehead and wound around the left arm by leather straps. They are worn during weekday morning prayer by observant Jewish men and some Jewish women.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: A "kittel" (Yiddish: קיטל), a white knee-length overgarment, is worn by prayer leaders and some observant traditional Jews on the High Holidays. It is traditional for the head of the household to wear a kittel at the Passover seder in some communities, and some grooms wear one under the wedding canopy. Jewish males are buried in a "tallit" and sometimes also a "kittel" which are part of the "tachrichim" (burial garments).

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Jewish holidays are special days in the Jewish calendar, which celebrate moments in Jewish history, as well as central themes in the relationship between God and the world, such as creation, revelation, and redemption.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Jewish holy days ("chaggim"), celebrate landmark events in Jewish history, such as the Exodus from Egypt and the giving of the Torah, and sometimes mark the change of seasons and transitions in the agricultural cycle. The three major festivals, Sukkot, Passover and Shavuot, are called "regalim" (derived from the Hebrew word "regel", or foot). On the three regalim, it was customary for the Israelites to make pilgrimages to Jerusalem to offer sacrifices in the Temple.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Purim has celebrated annually on the 14th of the Hebrew month of Adar, which occurs in February or March of the Gregorian calendar.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Hanukkah (, "dedication") also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday that starts on the 25th day of Kislev (Hebrew calendar). The festival is observed in Jewish homes by the kindling of lights on each of the festival's eight nights, one on the first night, two on the second night and so on.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Hanukkah is not mentioned in the Bible and was never considered a major holiday in Judaism, but it has become much more visible and widely celebrated in modern times, mainly because it falls around the same time as Christmas and has national Jewish overtones that have been emphasized since the establishment of the State of Israel.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Tisha B'Av ( or , "the Ninth of Av") is a day of mourning and fasting commemorating the destruction of the First and Second Temples, and in later times, the expulsion of the Jews from Spain.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: There are three more minor Jewish fast days that commemorate various stages of the destruction of the Temples. They are the 17th Tamuz, the 10th of Tevet and Tzom Gedaliah (the 3rd of Tishrei).

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: The modern holidays of Yom Ha-shoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day), Yom Hazikaron (Israeli Memorial Day) and Yom Ha'atzmaut (Israeli Independence Day) commemorate the horrors of the Holocaust, the fallen soldiers of Israel and victims of terrorism, and Israeli independence, respectively.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: There are some who prefer to commemorate those who were killed in the Holocaust on the 10th of Tevet.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: The core of festival and Shabbat prayer services is the public reading of the Torah, along with connected readings from the other books of the Tanakh, called Haftarah. Over the course of a year, the whole Torah is read, with the cycle starting over in the autumn, on Simchat Torah.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Synagogues are Jewish houses of prayer and study. They usually contain separate rooms for prayer (the main sanctuary), smaller rooms for study, and often an area for community or educational use. There is no set blueprint for synagogues and the architectural shapes and interior designs of synagogues vary greatly. The Reform movement mostly refer to their synagogues as temples. Some traditional features of a synagogue are:

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: In addition to synagogues, other buildings of significance in Judaism include yeshivas, or institutions of Jewish learning, and mikvahs, which are ritual baths.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: The Jewish dietary laws are known as "kashrut". Food prepared in accordance with them is termed kosher, and food that is not kosher is also known as "treifah" or "treif". People who observe these laws are colloquially said to be "keeping kosher".

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: In addition to the requirement that the species be considered kosher, meat and poultry (but not fish) must come from a healthy animal slaughtered in a process known as "shechitah". Without the proper slaughtering practices even an otherwise kosher animal will be rendered "treif". The slaughtering process is intended to be quick and relatively painless to the animal. Forbidden parts of animals include the blood, some fats, and the area in and around the sciatic nerve.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: The use of dishes, serving utensils, and ovens may make food "treif" that would otherwise be kosher. Utensils that have been used to prepare non-kosher food, or dishes that have held meat and are now used for dairy products, render the food "treif" under certain conditions.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Furthermore, all Orthodox and some Conservative authorities forbid the consumption of processed grape products made by non-Jews, due to ancient pagan practices of using wine in rituals. Some Conservative authorities permit wine and grape juice made without rabbinic supervision.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: An important subcategory of the ritual purity laws relates to the segregation of menstruating women. These laws are also known as "niddah", literally "separation", or family purity. Vital aspects of "halakha" for traditionally observant Jews, they are not usually followed by Jews in liberal denominations.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Traditional Ethiopian Jews keep menstruating women in separate huts and, similar to Karaite practice, do not allow menstruating women into their temples because of a temple's special sanctity. Emigration to Israel and the influence of other Jewish denominations have led to Ethiopian Jews adopting more normative Jewish practices.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Life-cycle events, or rites of passage, occur throughout a Jew's life that serves to strengthen Jewish identity and bind him/her to the entire community.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: The role of the priesthood in Judaism has significantly diminished since the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE when priests attended to the Temple and sacrifices. The priesthood is an inherited position, and although priests no longer have any but ceremonial duties, they are still honored in many Jewish communities. Many Orthodox Jewish communities believe that they will be needed again for a future Third Temple and need to remain in readiness for future duty.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: From the time of the Mishnah and Talmud to the present, Judaism has required specialists or authorities for the practice of very few rituals or ceremonies. A Jew can fulfill most requirements for prayer by himself. Some activities—reading the Torah and "haftarah" (a supplementary portion from the Prophets or Writings), the prayer for mourners, the blessings for bridegroom and bride, the complete grace after meals—require a "minyan", the presence of ten Jews.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Jewish prayer services do involve two specified roles, which are sometimes, but not always, filled by a rabbi or hazzan in many congregations. In other congregations these roles are filled on an ad-hoc basis by members of the congregation who lead portions of services on a rotating basis:

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Antisemitism arose during the Middle Ages, in the form of persecutions, pogroms, forced conversions, expulsions, social restrictions and ghettoization.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Since the time of the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church upheld the "Constitutio pro Judæis" (Formal Statement on the Jews), which stated

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: In the mid-20th century, Jews were expelled from nearly all of the Arab countries. Most have chosen to live in Israel. Today, antisemitic themes including Holocaust denial have become commonplace in the propaganda of Islamic movements such as Hizbullah and Hamas, in the pronouncements of various agencies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and even in the newspapers and other publications of Refah Partisi.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Other examples of syncretism include Semitic neopaganism, a loosely organized sect which incorporates pagan or Wiccan beliefs with some Jewish religious practices; Jewish Buddhists, another loosely organized group that incorporates elements of Asian spirituality in their faith; and some Renewal Jews who borrow freely and openly from Buddhism, Sufism, Native American religions, and other faiths.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: The Kabbalah Centre, which employs teachers from multiple religions, is a New Age movement that claims to popularize the kabbalah, part of the Jewish esoteric tradition.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Judaism

Context: Text study projects at . In many instances, the Hebrew versions of these projects are more fully developed than the English.

Question: Ketä pidetään juutalaisen uskon perustajana?


Religion in Portugal

Context: Although Church and State were formally separated during the Portuguese First Republic (1910–1926), a separation reiterated in the constitution of 1976, Roman Catholic precepts continue to have a significant bearing in Portuguese society and culture. The educational and health care systems were for a long time the Church's preserve, and in many cases, whenever a building, bridge, or highway was opened, it received a blessing from the clergy.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: Although Church and State are formally separate, the Catholic Church still receives certain privileges.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: As in most provinces of the Roman Empire, the religious beliefs and deities of the Pre-Roman populations mingled and coexisted with Roman mythology. In the Portuguese case, those Pre-Roman religions were basically Proto-Celtic or Celtic, chief amongst them that of the Lusitanians (see "Lusitanian mythology").

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: Jewish populations have existed in the area, going back to the Roman era or even before that, and are directly related to Sephardi history.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: The Roman Provinces of Lusitania (comprising most of Portugal south of the Douro river) and of Gallaecia (north of the Douro river) were first Christianized while part of the Roman Empire. During this period, Bracara Augusta (the modern city of Braga) became one of the most important episcopal centres, alongside Santiago de Compostela. Christianity was solidified when the Suevi and the Visigoths—Germanic tribes already Christianized—came into the Iberian Peninsula in the fifth century.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: Early Visigoths followed the Arian heresy, but they joined Roman mainstream after the eighth century. The city of Braga played an important role in the religious history of the period, namely during the renunciation of the Arian and Priscillianist heresies. Two synods were held in Braga in the sixth century, marking the origin of its ecclesiastical significance. The Archbishops of Braga retains the title of Primate of Portugal, and long claimed supremacy over the whole of the churches of Hispania.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: Until the 15th century, some Jews occupied prominent places in Portuguese political and economical life. For example, Isaac Abrabanel was the treasurer of King Afonso V of Portugal. Many also had an active role in the Portuguese culture, and they kept their reputation of diplomats and merchants. By this time, Lisbon and Évora were home to important Jewish communities.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: In 1497, reflecting events that had occurred five years earlier in Spain, Portugal expelled the Jews and the few remaining Moors — or forced them to convert. In 1536, the Pope gave King João III (r. 1521–1557) permission to establish the Portuguese Inquisition to enforce the purity of the faith. Earlier, the country had been rather tolerant, but now orthodoxy and intolerance reigned. The Jesuit Order was placed in charge of all education.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: In the Portuguese Constitution of 1976, after the Carnation Revolution of 1974 and the transition to democracy, Church and State were again formally separated. The Church continues to have a special place in Portugal, but for the most part, it has been disestablished. Other religions are now free to organize and practice their beliefs.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: By the 1980s, the Church seldom tried to influence how Portuguese voted, knowing such attempts would probably backfire. During the height of the revolutionary turmoil in the mid-1970s, the Church urged its communicants to vote for centrist and conservative candidates and to repudiate communists, especially in northern Portugal, but after that the Church refrained from such an overt political role.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: The Church was not able to prevent the enactment of the constitution of 1976, which separated Church and State, nor could it block legislation liberalizing divorce or abortion, issues it regarded as moral and within the realm of its responsibility.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: The practice of religion in Portugal has shown striking regional differences. Even in the early 1990s, 60 to 70 percent of the population in the traditionally Catholic North regularly attended religious services, compared with 10 to 15 percent in the historically anti-clerical South. In the Greater Lisbon Area, about 30 percent were regular churchgoers.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: Women tended to practice their religion more than men did, as evidenced by church attendance. The image of the Virgin, as well as that of Christ, were commonly displayed, even in labour union offices or on signs in demonstrations.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: As people became better educated and moved to the city, they lost some of these folk beliefs. But in the city and among educated persons alike, superstition could still be found, even in the early 1990s. Sorcerers, palm readers, and readers of cards had shops, particularly in poorer neighbourhoods, but not exclusively so. In short, a strong undercurrent of superstition still remained in Portugal. The formal Church disapproved of superstitious practices but was powerless to do much about them.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: In contrast to that of Spain, Roman Catholicism in Portugal was softer and less intense. The widespread use of folk practices and the humanization of religion made for a loving though remote God, in contrast to the harshness of the Spanish vision. In Portugal, unlike Spain, God and his saints were imagined as forgiving and serene. In Spain, the expressions depicted on the faces of saints and martyrs were painful and anguished; in Portugal they were complacent, calm, and pleasant.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: The oldest Portuguese-speaking Protestant denomination is the "Igreja Evangélica Presbiteriana de Portugal" (Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Portugal), tracing its origins back to the work of a Scottish missionary on Madeira in the early 19th century.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: By the early 1990s, only some 50,000 to 60,000 Anglicans and Protestants lived in Portugal, less than 1 percent of the total population. The 1950s and 1960s saw the arrival of Pentecostals, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and Jehovah's Witnesses, all of whom increased in numbers more rapidly than the earlier arrivals did. All groups, however, were hampered by prohibitions and restrictions against the free exercise of their religions, especially missionary activities.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: These restrictions were lifted after the Revolution of 1974. The constitution of 1976 guarantees all religions the right to practice their faith. Non–Roman Catholic groups came to be recognized as legal entities with the right to assemble. Portuguese who were both not Roman Catholics and were conscientious objectors had the right to apply for alternative military service. The Roman Catholic Church, however, still sought to place barriers in the way of missionary activities.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: The Eastern Orthodox Church is present in small numbers in Portugal, mostly through diaspora from Eastern European countries with a native Eastern Orthodox population. Some are organised through local jurisdictions of their mother churches, most often headed from Spain or other neighbouring countries. These include:

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: There is also a non-canonical jurisdiction, the Lusitanian Catholic Orthodox Church, which defines itself as both Independent Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. It does not have any recognition from the canonical jurisdictions above.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: The first visitor of the Baháʼí Faith to Portugal was in 1926. Its first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly was elected in Lisbon in 1946. In 1962 the Portuguese Baháʼís elected their first National Spiritual Assembly. In 1963 there were nine assemblies. The population of the Baháʼí community Ain Portugal was estimated at some 2,100 members in 2010 according to the Association of Religion Data Archives (relying on World Christian Encyclopedia).

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: Hindus in Portugal are, according to the Indian Embassy in Lisbon, mainly Gujaratis (Gujarati is taught at the Hindu Community Cultural Centre in Lisbon), Punjabis and Goans. The majority of the Hindus live in the Lisbon and Porto Metropolitan areas.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: In 2015, Lisbon was chosen to be the global seat of the Nizari Shi'a community; the second largest Shi'a denomination in the world. Their spiritual leader, the Aga Khan IV, purchased the historical Mendonça Palace to use as its headquarters, as well as the headquarters of his foundation.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: There is a small population of Latter Day saints living in Portugal. The Church reports 45,576 members and 67 congregations. The Church also completed and dedicated its first temple in Portugal in 2019.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: There are between 420,960 and 947,160 (4 to 9% of total population) atheist, agnostic, and irreligious people, according to other sources 6.5% of the population.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Religion in Portugal

Context: According to the Census of 2011 there were 615,332 (6.84%) people who specifically stated they were without religion.

Question: Mikä on valtaväestön uskonto Portugalissa?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: The A-10 was intended to improve on the performance and firepower of the Douglas A-1 Skyraider. Its airframe was designed for durability, with measures such as of titanium armor to protect the cockpit and aircraft systems, enabling it to absorb damage and continue flying. Its ability to take off and land from relatively short runways permits operation from airstrips close to the front lines, and its simple design enables maintenance with minimal facilities.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: The A-10 served in the First Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm), the American–led intervention against Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, where the aircraft distinguished itself. The A-10 also participated in other conflicts such as in Grenada, the Balkans, Afghanistan, Iraq, and against the Islamic State in the Middle East.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: After a broad review of its tactical force structure, the U.S. Air Force decided to adopt a low-cost aircraft to supplement the F-4 and F-111. It first focused on the Northrop F-5, which had air-to-air capability. A 1965 cost-effectiveness study shifted the focus from the F-5 to the less expensive A-7D variant of the LTV A-7 Corsair II, and a contract was awarded. However, this aircraft doubled in cost with demands for an upgraded engine and new avionics.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: On 8 September 1966, General John P. McConnell, Chief of Staff of the USAF, ordered that a specialized CAS aircraft be designed, developed, and obtained. On 22 December, a Requirements Action Directive was issued for the A-X CAS airplane, and the Attack Experimental (A-X) program office was formed. On 6 March 1967, the Air Force released a request for information to 21 defense contractors for the A-X.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: On 10 February 1976, Deputy Secretary of Defense Bill Clements authorized full-rate production, with the first A-10 being accepted by the Air Force Tactical Air Command on 30 March 1976. Production continued and reached a peak rate of 13 aircraft per month. By 1984, 715 airplanes, including two prototypes and six development aircraft, had been delivered.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: The A-10 has received many upgrades since entering service. In 1978, the A-10 received the Pave Penny laser receiver pod, which receives reflected laser radiation from laser designators to allow the aircraft to deliver laser guided munitions. The Pave Penny pod is carried on a pylon mounted below the right side of the cockpit and has a clear view of the ground. In 1980, the A-10 began receiving an inertial navigation system.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: In the early 1990s, the A-10 began to receive the Low-Altitude Safety and Targeting Enhancement (LASTE) upgrade, which provided computerized weapon-aiming equipment, an autopilot, and a ground-collision warning system. In 1999, aircraft began receiving Global Positioning System navigation systems and a multi-function display. The LASTE system was upgraded with an Integrated Flight & Fire Control Computer (IFFCC).

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: Proposed further upgrades included integrated combat search and rescue locator systems and improved early warning and anti-jam self-protection systems, and the Air Force recognized that the A-10's engine power was sub-optimal and had been planning to replace them with more powerful engines since at least 2001 at an estimated cost of $2 billion.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: In 1987, Grumman Aerospace took over support for the A-10 program. In 1993, Grumman updated the damage tolerance assessment and Force Structural Maintenance Plan and Damage Threat Assessment. Over the next few years, problems with wing structure fatigue, first noticed in production years earlier, began to come to the fore. The process of implementing the maintenance plan was greatly delayed by the base realignment and closure commission (BRAC), which led to 80% of the original workforce being let go.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: In 2014, as part of plans to retire the A-10, the USAF considered halting the wing replacement program to save an additional $500 million; however, by May 2015 the re-winging program was too far into the contract to be financially efficient to cancel. Boeing stated in February 2016 that the A-10 fleet with the new TUSK wings could operate to 2040.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: The A-10's durability was demonstrated on 7 April 2003 when Captain Kim Campbell, while flying over Baghdad during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, suffered extensive flak damage. Iraqi fire damaged one of her engines and crippled the hydraulic system, requiring the aircraft's stabilizer and flight controls to be operated via the 'manual reversion mode.' Despite this damage, Campbell flew the aircraft for nearly an hour and landed safely.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: Since the A-10 operates very close to enemy positions, where it is an easy target for man-portable air-defense system (MANPADS), surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), and enemy aircraft, it carries both flares and chaff cartridges.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: The A-10 Precision Engagement Modification Program from 2006 to 2010 updated all A-10 and OA-10 aircraft in the fleet to the A-10C standard with a new flight computer, new glass cockpit displays and controls, two new color displays with moving map function, and an integrated digital stores management system.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: A-10s of the 23rd TFW were deployed to Bridgetown, Barbados during Operation Urgent Fury, the 1983 American Invasion of Grenada. They provided air cover for the U.S. Marine Corps landings on the island of Carriacou in late October 1983, but did not fire weapons as Marines met no resistance.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: A-10s returned to the Balkan region as part of Operation Allied Force in Kosovo beginning in March 1999. In March 1999, A-10s escorted and supported search and rescue helicopters in finding a downed F-117 pilot. The A-10s were deployed to support search and rescue missions, but over time the Warthogs began to receive more ground attack missions. The A-10's first successful attack in Operation Allied Force happened on 6 April 1999; A-10s remained in action until combat ended in late June 1999.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: During the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, A-10s did not take part in the initial stages. For the campaign against Taliban and Al Qaeda, A-10 squadrons were deployed to Pakistan and Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan, beginning in March 2002. These A-10s participated in Operation Anaconda. Afterward, A-10s remained in-country, fighting Taliban and Al Qaeda remnants.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: In September 2007, the A-10C with the Precision Engagement Upgrade reached initial operating capability. The A-10C first deployed to Iraq in 2007 with the 104th Fighter Squadron of the Maryland Air National Guard. The A-10C's digital avionics and communications systems have greatly reduced the time to acquire a close air support target and attack it.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: A-10s flew 32 percent of combat sorties in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. The sorties ranged from 27,800 to 34,500 annually between 2009 and 2012. In the first half of 2013, they flew 11,189 sorties in Afghanistan. From the beginning of 2006 to October 2013, A-10s conducted 19 percent of CAS missions in Iraq and Afghanistan, more than the F-15E Strike Eagle and B-1B Lancer, but less than the 33 percent flown by F-16s.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: In March 2011, six A-10s were deployed as part of Operation Odyssey Dawn, the coalition intervention in Libya. They participated in attacks on Libyan ground forces there.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: On 19 January 2018, 12 A-10s from the 303d Expeditionary Fighter Squadron were deployed to Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan, to provide close-air support, marking the first time in more than three years A-10s had been deployed to Afghanistan.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II

Context: The A-10 has been flown exclusively by the United States Air Force and its Air Reserve components, the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) and the Air National Guard (ANG). , 282 A-10C aircraft are reported as operational, divided as follows: 141 USAF, 55 AFRC, 86 ANG.

Question: Kuka on rakentanut  Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II?


Crag and tail

Context: A crag (sometimes spelled cragg, or in Scotland craig) is a rocky hill or mountain, generally isolated from other high ground.

Question: Syntyykö kalliot itsestään?


Crag and tail

Context: In older examples, or those latterly surrounded by the sea, the tail is often missing, having been removed by post-glacial erosion.

Question: Syntyykö kalliot itsestään?


Minoan religion

Context: It is very often difficult to distinguish between images of worshippers, priests and priestesses, rulers and deities; indeed the priestly and royal roles may have often been the same, as leading rituals is often seen as the essence of rulership. It is also possible that religious ritual involved humans performing as deities, further confusing what art shows.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: Possibly as aspects of the main, probably dominant, nature/mother goddess, archaeologists have identified a mountain goddess, worshipped at peak sanctuaries, a dove goddess, a snake goddess perhaps protectoress of the household, the Potnia Theron goddess of animals, and a goddess of childbirth. Late Minoan terracotta votive figures like the poppy goddess (perhaps a worshipper) carry attributes, often birds, in their diadems.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: Some scholars see in the Minoan Goddess a female divine solar figure. Károly Kerényi believed that the most important goddess was Ariadne, daughter of King Minos and "mistress of the labyrinth" who is identified in Linear B (Mycenean Greek) tablets in Knossos.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: The evidence for priestesses leading rituals is stronger, though there are also men with a special role as priests or priest-kings are identifiable by diagonal bands on their long robes, and carrying over their shoulder a ritual "axe-sceptre" with a rounded blade. These increase in the Neopalatial Period, when there may be evidence of men dressing as priestesses, possibly to evade gender restrictions.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: These and similar types of epiphanic scenes very often include what E. Kyriakidis calls “Unidentified Floating Objects on Minoan Seals", many, like the snake or labrys, found in other contexts and accepted as having religious significance. Kyriakidis interprets these, when floating in the upper parts of seals (whether in stone or metal), as representations of constellations of stars.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: Minoan religion appears to have changed emphasis in the Neopalatial Period, shifting away from maternal and fertility elements in the main female goddess, and introducing the cult of the "young god", possibly her son, but probably her partner (or both). The peak sanctuaries perhaps declined in importance.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: A major festive celebration or ritual was the famous Minoan bull-leaping, represented in the frescoes of Knossos, and inscribed in miniature Minoan seals and gold rings. Young people—whether young women were involved, and if so how, remains a matter of debate—are shown with bulls, including executing spectacular vaults that springboard off the bulls' back. Such a figure is included in most depictions.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: Frescos showing bulls and bull-leaping come mainly from Knossos, but the recently discovered Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Daba in Egypt include a large bull-leaping scene; possibly these were painted after a marriage with a Minoan princess.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: The German geologist Hans Georg Wunderlich argued that the Palace of Knossos itself was a mortuary temple in the Egyptian style. This interpretation is strongly rejected by mainstream archaeology.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: Rodney Castleden, discussing the findings, labeled it the remains of a seventeen-year-old boy who was sacrificed.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: At the sanctuary-complex of Fournou Korifi, fragments of a human skull were found in the same room as a small hearth, cooking-hole, and cooking-equipment. This skull has been interpreted as the remains of a sacrificed victim.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: Excavations at Knossos uncovered additional mass burials, possibly revealing the practice of child sacrifice as well. The British School of Athens, led by Peter Warren, excavated a mass grave of sacrifices, particularly children. The findings also suggest they were victims of cannibalism.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: In the "North House" at Knossos, the bones of at least four children (who had been in good health) were found which bore signs that "they were butchered in the same way the Minoans slaughtered their sheep and goats, suggesting that they had been sacrificed and eaten. The senior Cretan archaeologist Nikolaos Platon was so horrified at this suggestion that he insisted the bones must be those of apes, not humans."

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: However, Μ. Nilsson proposed that the origin of the Greek goddess Athena was the Minoan snake-goddess, citing that Athena was closely related with snakes.

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Minoan religion

Context: Plutarch ("The Intelligence of Animals" 983) mentions the horn altar ("keraton") associated with Theseus, which survived on Delos: "I saw, the Altar of Horn, celebrated as one of the Seven Wonders of the World because it needs no glue or any other binding, but is joined and fastened together, made entirely of horns taken from the right side of the head."

Question: Mistä minolainen uskonto on saanut alkunsa?


Capital of New Zealand

Context: The first Supreme Court in New Zealand was built in 1842 on the corner of Queen Street and Victoria Street West. The court was presided over by Justice Martin.

Question: Mikä on Uudenseelannin pääkaunki?


Metal Gear

Context: In April 2010, another sequel to "Snake Eater", ', was released for the PlayStation Portable and was set shortly after the events of "Portable Ops". The spin-off game, ', was released in 2013 on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, and in Jan 2014 on Steam (PC). The game is set after "Guns of the Patriots" and stars Raiden, the protagonist of "Sons of Liberty" who turned into a cyborg ninja.

Question: Mikä oli Hideo Kojiman ensimmäinen peli?


Metal Gear

Context: Expanded re-releases of games in the series were produced as well, such as "Integral" ("Metal Gear Solid"), "Substance" ("Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty"), and "Subsistence" ('). The series' portable installments are usually set outside the main storyline. ' was released for the Game Boy Color, and several games were released for Sony's PlayStation Portable. In a departure from the series' style, "Metal Gear Acid" and its sequel used turn-based strategy mechanics based on collectible cards.

Question: Mikä oli Hideo Kojiman ensimmäinen peli?


Metal Gear

Context: On March 27, 2013, Kojima announced at GDC 2013 that "" and "The Phantom Pain" were two different portions of one work, "," with "Metal Gear Solid: Ground Zeroes" serving as the prologue and "The Phantom Pain" serving as the main story. Snake's usual English-language voice actor David Hayter was not cast for the role. Instead, Hollywood actor and producer Kiefer Sutherland portrayed the character through voice acting and facial capture.

Question: Mikä oli Hideo Kojiman ensimmäinen peli?


Metal Gear

Context: "Metal Gear Solid" was referenced in the Disney film "Wreck-It Ralph", in which Ralph finds the exclamation mark that appears above enemies whenever they spot Snake, accompanied by the famous "alert" sound.

Question: Mikä oli Hideo Kojiman ensimmäinen peli?


Metal Gear

Context: An Italian fan film, ', was produced in 2009. The film is set in 2007, near the events of the first act of '. Kojima remarked that the movie was well-made and showed the fan's love for the series.

Question: Mikä oli Hideo Kojiman ensimmäinen peli?


Metal Gear

Context: In 1999, McFarlane Toys, with the collaboration of Konami, launched a series of action figures depicting key characters from "Metal Gear Solid". In 2001, following the success of the first series, and with the release of "," McFarlane Toys, and Konami combined their efforts to produce a line of action figures depicting "Sons of Liberty"'s main characters. Each character has a piece of Metal Gear RAY, so collecting the entire set is essential to build the robot.

Question: Mikä oli Hideo Kojiman ensimmäinen peli?


Metal Gear

Context: Square Enix also joined the production of toys based on the franchise starting with the boss vehicles and characters from "". The toys, which are from Square's "Play Arts Kai" line, were released in 2010. The line has since expanded to include characters from "Metal Gear Solid," "Sons of Liberty," "Ground Zeroes", and "The Phantom Pain", with the detail more pronounced than the original McFarlane Toys figures.

Question: Mikä oli Hideo Kojiman ensimmäinen peli?


Metal Gear

Context: In 2012, Hot Toys released a 1/6th action figure of Naked Snake in his original Sneaking Suit attire from "MGS3", as well as the Boss.

Question: Mikä oli Hideo Kojiman ensimmäinen peli?


Morality

Context: Morality () is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between those that are distinguished as proper (right) and those that are improper (wrong). Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosophy, religion or culture, or it can derive from a standard that a person believes should be universal. Morality may also be specifically synonymous with "goodness" or "rightness".

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Moral philosophy includes meta-ethics, which studies abstract issues such as moral ontology and moral epistemology, and normative ethics, which studies more concrete systems of moral decision-making such as deontological ethics and consequentialism. An example of normative ethical philosophy is the Golden Rule, which states: "One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself."

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Immorality is the active opposition to morality (i.e. opposition to that which is good or right), while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any particular set of moral standards or principles.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: In its descriptive sense, "morality" refers to personal or cultural values, codes of conduct or social mores from a society that provides these codes of conduct in which it applies and is accepted by an individual. It does not connote objective claims of right or wrong, but only refers to that which is considered right or wrong. Descriptive ethics is the branch of philosophy which studies morality in this sense.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: In its normative sense, "morality" refers to whatever (if anything) is "actually" right or wrong, which may be independent of the values or mores held by any particular peoples or cultures. Normative ethics is the branch of philosophy which studies morality in this sense.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Philosophical theories on the nature and origins of morality (that is, theories of meta-ethics) are broadly divided into two classes:

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Peterson and Seligman approach the anthropological view looking across cultures, geo-cultural areas and across millennia. They conclude that certain virtues have prevailed in all cultures they examined. The major virtues they identified include "wisdom / knowledge; courage; humanity; justice; temperance; and transcendence". Each of these includes several divisions. For instance "humanity" includes "love", "kindness", and "social intelligence".

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Fons Trompenaars, author of "Did the Pedestrian Die?", tested members of different cultures with various moral dilemmas. One of these was whether the driver of a car would have his friend, a passenger riding in the car, lie in order to protect the driver from the consequences of driving too fast and hitting a pedestrian. Trompenaars found that different cultures had quite different expectations, from none to definite.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: On this view, moral codes are ultimately founded on emotional instincts and intuitions that were selected for in the past because they aided survival and reproduction (inclusive fitness). Examples: the maternal bond is selected for because it improves the survival of offspring; the Westermarck effect, where close proximity during early years reduces mutual sexual attraction, underpins taboos against incest because it decreases the likelihood of genetically risky behaviour such as inbreeding.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Christopher Boehm (1982) has hypothesized that the incremental development of moral complexity throughout hominid evolution was due to the increasing need to avoid disputes and injuries in moving to open savanna and developing stone weapons. Other theories are that increasing complexity was simply a correlate of increasing group size and brain size, and in particular the development of theory of mind abilities.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: As an alternative to viewing morality as an individual trait, some sociologists as well as social- and discursive psychologists have taken upon themselves to study the "in-vivo" aspects of morality by examining how persons conduct themselves in social interaction.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Regarding the issues of morality in video games, some scholars believe that because players appear in video games as actors, they maintain a distance between their sense of self and the role of the game in terms of imagination. Therefore, the decision-making and moral behavior of players in the game are not representing player's Moral dogma.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: It has been recently found that moral judgment consists in concurrent evaluations of three different components that align with precepts from three dominant moral theories (virtue ethics, deontology, and consequentialism): the character of a person (Agent-component, A); their actions (Deed-component, D); and the consequences brought about in the situation (Consequences-component, C). This, implies that various inputs of the situation a person encounters affect moral cognition.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: An essential, shared component of moral judgment involves the capacity to detect morally salient content within a given social context. Recent research implicated the salience network in this initial detection of moral content. The salience network responds to behaviorally salient events and may be critical to modulate downstream default and frontal control network interactions in the service of complex moral reasoning and decision-making processes.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: The explicit making of moral right and wrong judgments coincides with activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) while intuitive reactions to situations containing implicit moral issues activates the temporoparietal junction area.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Similarly VMPC-impaired persons will judge an action purely on its outcome and are unable to take into account the intent of that action.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Moral intuitions may have genetic bases. A 2022 study conducted by scholars Michael Zakharin and Timothy C. Bates, and published by the "European Journal of Personality", found that moral foundations have significant genetic bases. Another study, conducted by Smith and Hatemi, similarly found significant evidence in support of moral heritability by looking at and comparing the answers of moral dilemmas between twins.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Political morality is also relevant to the behavior internationally of national governments, and to the support they receive from their host population. The Sentience Institute, co-founded by Jacy Reese Anthis, analyzes the trajectory of moral progress in society via the framework of an expanding moral circle. Noam Chomsky states that

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: ... if we adopt the principle of universality: if an action is right (or wrong) for others, it is right (or wrong) for us. Those who do not rise to the minimal moral level of applying to themselves the standards they apply to others—more stringent ones, in fact—plainly cannot be taken seriously when they speak of appropriateness of response; or of right and wrong, good and evil.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: In fact, one of them, maybe the most, elementary of moral principles is that of universality, that is, If something's right for me, it's right for you; if it's wrong for you, it's wrong for me. Any moral code that is even worth looking at has that at its core somehow.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: Religion and morality are not synonymous. Morality does not depend upon religion although for some this is "an almost automatic assumption". According to "The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Ethics", religion and morality "are to be defined differently and have no definitional connections with each other. Conceptually and in principle, morality and a religious value system are two distinct kinds of value systems or action guides."

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: a. Studies on divorce in the United States done by the Barna Group suggested that atheists and agnostics have lower divorce rates than faith groups on average (though some faith groups had lower rates still). The study notes that fewer atheists and agnostics enter into marriage relative to faith-based individuals.

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: b. Some studies appear to show positive links in the relationship between religiosity and moral behavior Modern research in criminology also suggests an inverse relationship between religion and crime, with some studies establishing this connection. A meta-analysis of 60 studies on religion and crime concluded, "religious behaviors and beliefs exert a moderate deterrent effect on individuals' criminal behavior".

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Morality

Context: c. Zuckerman identifies that Scandinavians have "relatively high rates of petty crime and burglary", but "their overall rates of violent crime—such as murder, aggravated assault, and rape—are among the lowest on earth" (Zuckerman 2008, pp. 5–6).

Question: Kuinka isossa roolissa moraali on päätöksenteossa?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist. One of the most famous Soviet dissidents, Solzhenitsyn was an outspoken critic of communism and helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union (USSR), in particular the Gulag system.

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: As a result of the Khrushchev Thaw, Solzhenitsyn was released and exonerated. After he had returned to the Christian faith of his childhood, he pursued writing novels about repressions in the Soviet Union and his experiences. He published his first novel, "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" in 1962, with approval from Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, which was an account of Stalinist repressions. Solzhenitsyn's last work to be published in the Soviet Union was "Matryona's Place" in 1963.

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: He was awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature", and "The Gulag Archipelago" was a highly influential work that "amounted to a head-on challenge to the Soviet state", and sold tens of millions of copies.

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: During the war, Solzhenitsyn served as the commander of a sound-ranging battery in the Red Army, was involved in major action at the front, and was twice decorated. He was awarded the Order of the Red Star on 8 July 1944 for sound-ranging two German artillery batteries and adjusting counterbattery fire onto them, resulting in their destruction.

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: A series of writings published late in his life, including the early uncompleted novel "Love the Revolution!", chronicle his wartime experience and growing doubts about the moral foundations of the Soviet regime.

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: In February 1945, while serving in East Prussia, Solzhenitsyn was arrested by SMERSH for writing derogatory comments in private letters to a friend, Nikolai Vitkevich, about the conduct of the war by Joseph Stalin, whom he called "Khozyain" ("the boss"), and "Balabos" (Yiddish rendering of Hebrew "baal ha-bayit" for "master of the house"). He also had talks with the same friend about the need for a new organization to replace the Soviet regime.

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: In March 1953, after his sentence ended, Solzhenitsyn was sent to internal exile for life at Birlik, a village in Baidibek District of South Kazakhstan. His undiagnosed cancer spread until, by the end of the year, he was close to death. In 1954, Solzhenitsyn was permitted to be treated in a hospital in Tashkent, where his tumor went into remission. His experiences there became the basis of his novel "Cancer Ward" and also found an echo in the short story "The Right Hand."

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: In 1973, Solzhenitsyn married his second wife, Natalia Dmitrievna Svetlova, a mathematician who had a son, Dmitri Turin, from a brief prior marriage. He and Svetlova (born 1939) had three sons: Yermolai (1970), Ignat (1972), and Stepan (1973). Dmitri Turin died on 18 March 1994, aged 32, at his home in New York City.

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: Solzhenitsyn made an unsuccessful attempt, with the help of Tvardovsky, to have his novel "Cancer Ward" legally published in the Soviet Union. This required the approval of the Union of Writers. Though some there appreciated it, the work was ultimately denied publication unless it was to be revised and cleaned of suspect statements and anti-Soviet insinuations.

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: On 8 August 1971, the KGB allegedly attempted to assassinate Solzhenitsyn using an unknown chemical agent (most likely ricin) with an experimental gel-based delivery method. The attempt left him seriously ill but he survived.

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?


Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Context: Although "The Gulag Archipelago" was not published in the Soviet Union, it was extensively criticized by the Party-controlled Soviet press. An editorial in "Pravda" on 14 January 1974 accused Solzhenitsyn of supporting "Hitlerites" and making "excuses for the crimes of the Vlasovites and Bandera gangs." According to the editorial, Solzhenitsyn was "choking with pathological hatred for the country where he was born and grew up, for the socialist system, and for Soviet people."

Question: Mihin Aleksandr Isajevitš Solženitsyn kuoli?