Brad Smith (American lawyer)

Context: In 2014, Smith was named to the Board of Trustees of Princeton University for a four-year term. He has been on the Code.org board of directors since 2013, the year it was founded, and on the Netflix board of directors since 2015.

Question: 마이크로소프트사의 현재 회장은 누구인가요?


Brad Smith (American lawyer)

Context: Smith chairs the nonprofit Kids in Need of Defense (KIND), which he co-founded with actress Angelina Jolie in 2008. KIND provides pro bono free legal support to unaccompanied immigrant children who are facing deportation in eight of the largest US cities. It is funded by Microsoft and donated hours from law firms and corporate departments across the country.

Question: 마이크로소프트사의 현재 회장은 누구인가요?


Brad Smith (American lawyer)

Context: From 2009 to 2016, Smith was the chair and a founding board member of the Leadership Council on Legal Diversity, an organization of corporate chief legal officers and law firm managing partners dedicated to diversity in the legal profession.

Question: 마이크로소프트사의 현재 회장은 누구인가요?


Brad Smith (American lawyer)

Context: Smith is chairman of the board of and helped create the Washington State Opportunity Scholarship which gives grants to low- and middle-income students earning bachelor's degrees in Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and health care. The public-private partnership has raised $190 million since its founding in 2011, including $35 million from Microsoft, $25 million from Boeing, and $25 million from the Washington State Legislature.

Question: 마이크로소프트사의 현재 회장은 누구인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: Emperor Zhang was a hardworking and diligent emperor. He reduced taxes and paid close attention to all affairs of state. Zhang also reduced government spending as well as promoted Confucianism. As a result, Han society prospered and its culture flourished during this period. Along with his father Emperor Ming, Emperor Zhang's reign has been highly praised and was regarded as the golden age of the Eastern Han period, and their reigns are collectively known as the Rule of Ming and Zhang.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: During his reign, Chinese troops under the leadership of General Ban Chao progressed far west while in pursuit of Xiongnu insurgents harassing the trade routes now collectively known as the Silk Road.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: The Eastern Han dynasty, after Emperor Zhang, would be plagued with internal strife between royal factions and eunuchs struggling for power. The people for the coming century and a half would yearn for the good days of Emperors Ming and Zhang. (However, part of the strife came from the power obtained by consort clans – and the precedent was set by Emperor Zhang's bestowing of power on both his adoptive mother Empress Dowager Ma's clan and his wife Empress Dou's clan.)

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: Then-Prince Da was born to then-Crown Prince Liu Zhuang and one of his consorts, Consort Jia, in 56. As Crown Prince Zhang's favorite, Consort Ma – Consort Jia's aunt (her mother's sister) – had no sons, at Crown Prince Zhang's instruction, Consort Ma adopted Prince Da as her own son. Prince Da therefore grew up considering Consort Ma as his mother, and while he clearly knew that Consort Jia was his birth mother, he never treated her as mother.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: In 57, Prince Da's grandfather Emperor Guangwu died, and his father Crown Prince Zhuang succeeded to the throne as Emperor Ming. In 60, at the behest of his mother Empress Dowager Yin Lihua, Emperor Ming created Consort Ma empress, and Prince Da, as her son, was created crown prince, even though he had four brothers older than he was.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: Not much was recorded about Crown Prince Da's career as crown prince, other than he was taught of the Confucian classics at a young age and was encouraged in his studies by his adoptive mother, Empress Ma, with whom he had a close relation. He was also close to his uncles of the Ma clan.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: In 75, Emperor Ming died, and Crown Prince Da succeeded to the throne as Emperor Zhang at the age of 18. Empress Ma received the title of empress dowager.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: Emperor Zhang continued his father's hardworking tendencies as emperor, but he was more lenient than his strict father. He sought out honest officials and promoted them, and he himself lived thriftily. He was generally humble and honored the senior officials who had served his grandfather and father faithfully in accordance.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: In 76, at the suggestion of his advisor Yang Zhong () and prime minister Diwu Lun (), Emperor Zhang ordered that his father's Xiyu (modern Xinjiang and former Soviet central Asia) campaigns be abandoned. However, one of the Han generals in Xiyu, Ban Chao, seeing the importance of maintaining Han presence in Xiyu, refused to withdraw, and Emperor Zhang eventually relented and put Ban in charge of Han's operations in Xiyu.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: Being close to his Ma uncles, Emperor Zhang wanted to create them marquesses from the early start of his reign. This was initially rebuffed by Empress Dowager Ma, who found this inappropriate. In 79, however, he created them marquesses over her objection and over their requests to only be made acting marquesses.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: In 77, Emperor Zhang took a daughter of his cousin, the Princess Piyang (), and great-granddaughter of the statesman Dou Rong (), as consort. He greatly loved her, and in 78, he created Consort Dou empress.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: In 79, Empress Dowager Ma, who had given him much good counsel, died. Even after her death, Emperor Zhang did not honor his birth mother Consort Jia as his mother, but merely permitted her to take on the style of an imperial prince.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: After his mother's death, Emperor Zhang continued to be a diligent emperor, but within the palace, there was much struggle between Empress Dou and the other imperial consorts, which would create political instability down the road.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: While Empress Dowager Ma was alive, she selected two daughters of Song Yang () as consorts for Emperor Zhang. In 78, the elder Consort Song gave birth to a son named Liu Qing, and because Empress Dou was sonless, Prince Qing was created crown prince in 79. The Consorts Song were greatly favored by Empress Dowager Ma.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: Later in 79, however, Empress Dou would (perhaps remembering Empress Dowager Ma's example) adopt the son of another imperial consort, Consort Liang, Liu Zhao, as her own son, and she plotted, along with her mother Princess Piyang and her brothers, to have her adopted son made crown prince. After Empress Dowager Ma's death, she put her plan into action. She had her brothers collect dossiers on faults of the Song clan while bribing the servants and eunuchs of Consorts Song to gather their own faults.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: However, Emperor Zhang himself remained fairly diligent and open-minded. For example, in 84, when two university students, Kong Xi () and Cui Yin () were accused of improperly criticizing his ancestor Emperor Wu and, by criticizing Emperor Wu, making veiled criticism of Emperor Zhang, Emperor Zhang accepted the letter that Kong submitted in his own defense and made him an official in his administration.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: In 86, the first of the Qiang () rebellions began, and while the Qiang were pacified fairly quickly, this would be bad omen for the decades to come, as the Qiang, mistreated frequently by Han officials, would constantly rebel throughout the rest of the Eastern Han Dynasty and become a major factor in the decline of the Han Empire.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Emperor Zhang of Han

Context: In 88, Emperor Zhang died at the age of 32 and was succeeded by Crown Prince Zhao, who became Emperor He.

Question: 한 숙종은 후한의 몇대 황제인가요?


Human sex ratio

Context: In anthropology and demography, the human sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. More data are available for humans than for any other species, and the human sex ratio is more studied than that of any other species, but interpreting these statistics can be difficult.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: In a study around 2002, the natural sex ratio at birth was estimated to be within a narrow range of 1.07 to 1.03

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: males/female. Some scholars suggest that countries considered to have significant practices of prenatal sex-selection are those with birth sex ratios of 1.08 and above (selection against females) and 1.02 and below (selection against males). This assumption has been questioned by some scholars.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: In an extensive study, carried out around 2005, of sex ratio at birth in the United States from 1940 over 62 years, statistical evidence suggested the following:

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: Fisher's principle is an explanation of why the sex ratio of most species is approximately 1:1. Outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1930 book, it is an argument in terms of parental expenditure. Essentially he argues that the 1:1 ratio is the evolutionarily stable strategy.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: James cautions that available scientific evidence stands against the above assumptions and conclusions. He reports that there is an excess of males at birth in almost all human populations, and the natural sex ratio at birth is usually between 1.02 and 1.08. However, the ratio may deviate significantly from this range for natural reasons.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: The relationship between natural factors and human sex ratio at birth, and with aging, remains an active area of scientific research.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: Helle et al. studied 138 years of human birth sex ratio data, from 1865 to 2003. They find an increased excess of male births during periods of exogenous stress (World War II) and during warm years. In the warmest period over the 138 years, the birth sex ratio peaked at about 1.08 in Northern Europe. The increase in the sex ratio for each 1 °C increase in temperature was approximately the same as the result found by the Catalano team.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: Causes of stress during gestation, such as maternal malnutrition, generally appear to increase fetal deaths, particularly among males, resulting in a lower sex ratio at birth. A higher incidence of Hepatitis B virus in a population is believed to increase the sex ratio, while some unexplained environmental health hazards are thought to have the opposite effect.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: The effects of gestational environment on human sex ratio are complicated and unclear, with numerous conflicting reports. For example, Oster et al. examined a data set of 67,000 births in China, 15 percent of whom were Hepatitis B carriers. They found no effect on birth sex ratio from Hepatitis B presence in either mothers or fathers.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: A 2008 report provides further evidence of effects of feminizing chemicals on male development in each class of vertebrate species as a worldwide phenomenon, possibly leading to a decline in the sex ratio in humans and a possible decline in sperm counts. Out of over 100,000 recently introduced chemicals, 99% are poorly regulated.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: Some studies have found that certain kinds of environmental pollution, specifically dioxins, are associated with a lower sex ratio.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: Increase sex ratio during and after a war is called the returning soldier effect. There is still no clear explanation of its mechanics.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: Gender imbalance is a disparity between males and females in a population. As stated above, males usually exceed females at birth but subsequently experience different mortality rates due to many possible causes such as differential natural death rates, war casualties, and deliberate gender control.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: Commonly, countries with notable gender imbalances have three characteristics in common. The first is a rapid decline in fertility, either because of preference for smaller families or to comply with their nation's population control measures. Second, there is social pressure for women to give birth to sons, often because of a cultural preference for male heirs. Third, families have widespread access to technology to selectively abort female foetuses.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: One study found that the male-to-female sex ratio in the German state of Bavaria fell as low as 0.60 after the end of World War II for the most severely affected age cohort (those between 21 and 23 years old in 1946). This same study found that out-of-wedlock births spiked from approximately 10–15% during the inter-war years up to 22% at the end of the war. This increase in out-of-wedlock births was attributed to a change in the marriage market caused by the decline in the sex ratio.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: The value for the entire world population is 1.01 males/female, with 1.07 at birth, 1.06 for those under 15, 1.02 for those between 15 and 64, and 0.78 for those over 65.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: The "First World" G7 members all have a gender ratio in the range of 0.95–0.98 for the total population, of 1.05–1.07 at birth, of 1.05–1.06 for the group below 15, of 1.00–1.04 for the group aged 15–64, and of 0.70–0.75 for those over 65.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: In the evolutionary biology of sexual reproduction the operational sex ratio (OSR), is the ratio of sexually competing males that are ready to mate to sexually competing females that are ready to mate, or alternatively the local ratio of fertilizable females to sexually active males at any given time. This is different from the physical sex ratio because it does not take into account sexually inactive or non-competitive individuals (individuals that do not compete for mates).

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


Human sex ratio

Context: The human sex ratio at birth has been an object of study since early in the history of statistics, as it is easily recorded and a large number for sufficiently large populations. An early researcher was John Arbuthnot (1710), who in modern terms, performed statistical hypothesis testing, computing the p-value (via a sign test), interpreted it as statistical significance, and rejected the null hypothesis.

Question: 여초현상이 가장 높은 나라는 어디인가?


European mantis

Context: In Germany, "M. religiosa" is listed as "Gefährdet" [endangered] on the German Red List on the basis of an assessment from 1998. It is not supposed to be caught or held as a pet. At a global level, it is assessed by the IUCN as least concern.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Though females of "M. religiosa" are usually larger and heavier than males (7–9 cm versus 6–7 cm), the antennae and the eyes of male animals outsize those of the females. Along with the forward-directed, compound eyes, simple eyes also are found on the head. These three dorsal ocelli are also more pronounced in males than in females.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Males are often found to be more active and agile, whereas females are physically more powerful. Adult females are generally too large and heavy for their wings to enable a take-off.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Another unique feature of "M. religiosa" is its midline metathoracic ear (see Ultrasound avoidance). This “tympanal auditory organ” is an unpaired structure found on the ventral side of the animal on the metathorax between the third pair of legs. Unlike other sound-processing organs found among different groups of insects, the metathoracic ear has a high sensitivity across high and low frequencies and even ultrasound. Therefore, the authors call it a ‘true ear’.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: The great variation in the coloration of "M. religiosa" from different shades of yellow, brown, green, and sometimes black has been the cause of numerous hypotheses and studies for over 100 years. However, no generally accepted answer about reason, benefit, or mechanism of the coloration or the change of coloration has been found.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Di Cesnola observed in 1904 that green mantids were found on fresh green grass, whereas brown individuals seemed to prefer brown grass burned by the sun. When forced to change the location as to no longer match their coloration, almost all the ‘not matching’ animals were killed by predators such as birds. This indicates a camouflaging purpose of the coloration.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Przibram also observed in 1907 that a change in temperature can trigger a change in coloration: animals that hatched in a cold environment turned green after moulting when heat and sunlight were provided. Without the change in temperature and only a change in the color of the background, no change in coloration occurred. This finding contradicts with Di Cesnola, who claims to have observed the animals within the same time and location (and therefore the same temperature).

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: "M. religiosa" can be found throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as North America, where it is considered introduced. Two confirmed stable populations are in Germany: one in Rhineland-Palatinate and one in Baden-Württemberg. In the last years, more reports have been made of the distribution of the animals in Northern Europe (Latvia, Estonia), as well.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: The sexual behavior of praying mantids in general is curious, so has received interest from scientists over the last century. The differences between the various species are well known.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: In "M. religiosa", courtship and mating are separated into two steps: Preliminary courtship begins with the first visual contact between the animals and ends with the first physical contact. Copulation begins with physical contact and ends when the spermatophore is deposited:

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Only a few days after the final moult into adults, the animals begin to show interest in the opposite sex; this point is marked as the achievement of sexual maturity. Males have been observed to be most attracted to females during the middle of the day when the temperature is hottest. Theories are that the female pheromones are most volatile in the heat and that also the male, as a thermophilic insect, is most active.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: No mention of male or female courtship has been made in either the field or captivity. The male, in fact, does not win by display; he wins by the absence of display.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Once the male is close enough to the female, he opens his wings a little to facilitate his jump on the female's back. As soon as he lands, he proceeds to hold on to her with his raptorial legs. His tibiae fit into a pair of grooves on either side of the female's mesothorax in front of her wing bases.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: When the male is in a secure position, copulation is initiated. The genitals, which are found on the end of the abdomen in both sexes, look quite different; the males possess a pair of asymmetrical claspers, while the females have an ovipositor. The ovipositor is rather short in comparison to other insects. It is covered in part by the edges of the last sternum.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: The abdomen of the male curves and twists in a 90° angle around the female's to insert the claspers between the ovipositor and the sternum. The abdomen of the male then contracts in a peristaltic manner. The animals can stay in this position for four to five hours before a spermatophore is deposited inside the female and the claspers are withdrawn.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: The male then lets go of the female to drop to the ground to get out of her reach for his own safety. After getting away about 50 cm, he stops and freezes for about four minutes before he leaves eventually. This behavior could be interpreted as necessary rest after the efforts of copulating in a safe distance from the female.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: The L1 just exists for a very short time; the first moult happens on or very close to the ootheca. The now-emerging nymphs already look a lot like the adults, but are maybe a tenth of their size. Very few animals (about 10%) survive this first instar stage due to lack of appropriately sized food, low temperatures, or insufficient humidity.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Closely related mantids have been reported to be larger than "M. religiosa" and require more moults (9–11). The fact that females need a longer time to develop and more moults might be due to the difference in size.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: The phenomenon that conspecifics are attacked and eaten after, during, and sometimes even before copulation is called sexual cannibalism. Many examples are known in various groups of invertebrates, including the mantids. Some speculations exist about the benefits of this behaviour, but its causes are not fully understood yet.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: For quite some time, the belief that sexual cannibalism in "M. religiosa" only occurred in captivity was widespread. It was believed to be an artefact of improper animal keeping (too little food or space). In 1992, however, the cannibalising behaviour of female "M. religiosa" was observed in a field study. Lawrence compared the percentage of cannibalism in natural and manipulated (males and females were put close together in the field) pairings and found rates of 31% and 24%.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: This proves that sexual cannibalism in this praying mantid is not caused by laboratory conditions. They can, however, intensify the phenomenon; females that were starved for more than three days were more likely to attack males, even before copulation. While the cannibalisation before the copulation is still puzzling to scientists, some theories about the benefits of sexual cannibalism in general include:

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Some controversy exists, though, concerning this theory. The elaborate absence of display behaviour does not support this ‘selfless’ behaviour of the males. It could have also been observed that males are more likely to approach a female that is distracted by feeding or cleaning herself. The approach is also happening faster in these cases. The male seems to try to avoid his cannibalisation very actively.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: "M. religiosa" is also known to eat conspecifics outside a sexual context. Because of this, they usually need to be kept isolated from each other in captivity.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: The large compound eyes that account for a great portion of the head make clear that vision seems to be important for "M. religiosa". Their hunting behaviour and their sexual interactions rely almost exclusively on sight and the detection of movement. The capture of fast-flying prey out of the air would not be possible without a high level of temporal resolution. The localisation of the direction and distance of the prey are crucial here.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: The pseudopupil, a small, dark region in the eye, is rather conspicuous. It moves when the animal's head is moving and represents the area of parallel ommatidia, which absorb the incident light, so appear darker than the rest of the eye.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


European mantis

Context: Few remarkable new findings have happened concerning the visual system of different mantid species, such as "Sphodromantis lineola"; using three-dimensional glasses and a 3D-cinema on the insects, stereopsis could be demonstrated. Comparable experiments with "M. religiosa" would be worthwhile, since the two species are rather closely related.

Question: 사마귀는 영어로 뭐라고 쓰나요?


List of highest-grossing films

Context: (...) Since grosses are not limited to original theatrical runs, a film's first-run gross is included in brackets after the total if known.

Question: 역사상 가장 많은 수익을 창출한 영화는 무엇인가?


Geography of Bulgaria

Context: The country has a dense river network but with the notable exception of the river Danube, they are mostly short and with low water flow. The average annual precipitation is 670 mm; the rainfall is lower in the lowlands and higher in the mountains. The driest region is Dobrudzha in the north-eastern part of the Danubian Plain (450 mm), while the highest rainfall has been measured in the upper valley of the river Ogosta in the western Balkan Mountains (2293 mm).

Question: 불가리아 면적은 얼마나 되나요?


Geography of Bulgaria

Context: Bulgaria has substantial land in agriculture and forest. In 2006 land use and land cover was 5% intensive human use, 52% agriculture including pasture, 31% forest, 11% woodland-shrub, grassland, and non-vegetated, and 1% water.

Question: 불가리아 면적은 얼마나 되나요?


Geography of Bulgaria

Context: Phytogeographically, Bulgaria straddles the Illyrian and Euxinian provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. The country falls within six terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic realm: Balkan mixed forests (main), Rodope montane mixed forests (main in the mountains), Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests, Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests, East European forest steppe and Pontic–Caspian steppe.

Question: 불가리아 면적은 얼마나 되나요?


Geography of Bulgaria

Context: The borders of Bulgaria have a total length of 2,245 km; of them 1,181 km are land boundary and 686 km are formed by rivers. The coastline is 378 km.

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Geography of Bulgaria

Context: The eastern border (378 km) is maritime and encompasses the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast from Cape Sivriburun in the north to the mouth of the Rezovo River in the south. Bulgaria's littoral forms 1/10 of the total Black Sea coastline, and includes two important gulfs, the Gulf of Varna and the Gulf of Burgas, harbouring the country's two major ports.

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Geography of Bulgaria

Context: More than two-thirds of the country is plains, plateaus, or hilly land at an altitude less than 600 m. Plains (below 200 m) make up 31% of the land, plateaus and hills (200 to 600 m) 41%, low mountains (600 to 1,000 m) 10%, medium-high mountains (1,000 to 1,500 m) 10%, and high mountains (over 1,500 m) 3%. The average altitude of Bulgaria is 470 m.

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Geography of Bulgaria

Context: Exogenous processes such as weathering, erosion and sedimentation have an important impact on modelling the land surface and creating rock formations. The exogenous processes have formed stone rivers in Vitosha; screes in the Balkan Mountains, Rila and Pirin; earth pyramids in Melnik, Stob and Katina; landslides, mainly along the Danube banks and the northern Black Sea coast; fluvial terraces; aeolian forms, such as dunes; karst forms, including numerous caves, sinkholes, ponors, etc.

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Geography of Bulgaria

Context: Srednogorie region stretches between the Sub-Balkan valleys in the north and the Rilo-Rhodope Massif in the south and from west to east includes the mountains Zavalska, Viskyar, Lyulin, Vitosha, Plana and Sredna Gora. The largest of these, Sredna Gora, is 280 km and reaches a maximum width of 50 km. Kraishte region covers the western parts of the Transitional geomorphological region and consists of two almost parallel mountain groups, Ruysko–Verilska and Konyavsko–Milevska, as well as numerous valleys.

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Geography of Bulgaria

Context: The Upper Thracian Plain encompasses the middle valley of the river Maritsa and has a roughly triangular shape, situated between Sredna Gora in the north, the Rhodope Mountains in the south and Sakar Mountain in the east. The lowland is 180 km long and up to 50 km wide, spanning an area of 6,000 km2. To the east are located the Burgas Plain, Svetliyski Heights, Manastirski Heights, Dervent Heights, and the low mountains Sakar and Strandzha.

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Geography of Bulgaria

Context: To the west are located Rila and Pirin, Bulgaria's two highest mountains. Rila includes Mount Musala, whose 2,925 m peak is the highest in the Balkan Peninsula, while Pirin's highest peak Vihren at 2,915 m is the third-highest in the Balkans. Both Rila and Pirin have rocky peaks, stony slopes, extensive Alpine zone and hundreds glacial lakes. Further west is the Osogovo–Belasitsa mountain group along the border with North Macedonia, whose highest peak is Ruen in Osogovo at 2,251 m.

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Geography of Bulgaria

Context: Bulgaria has a dense network of about 540 rivers, but with the notable exception of the Danube, most have short length and low water-level. The density is highest in the mountain areas and lowest in Dobrudzha, the Danubian Plain and the Upper Thracian Plain. There are two catchment basins: the Black Sea (57% of the territory and 42% of the rivers) and the Aegean Sea (43% of the territory and 58% of the rivers) basins.

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Geography of Bulgaria

Context: The soil cover of Bulgaria is diverse. The soil resources of the country are adequately researched and include 17 soil types and 28 sub-types. Of them, six types form 88.7% of the soil cover: cinnamon soils (22.0%); chernozem (20.4%); grey forest soils (17.0%); brown forest soils (14.8%); alluvial soils (9.0%) and smolnitsi (5.4%).

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Geography of Bulgaria

Context: There are approximately 60 types of minerals that are extracted commercially in Bulgaria. The mineral resources are divided into three groups: fossil fuels, metals and industrial minerals.

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Jordan

Context: Jordan has a high Human Development Index, ranking 102nd, and is considered an upper middle income economy. The Jordanian economy, one of the smallest economies in the region, is attractive to foreign investors based upon a skilled workforce. The country is a major tourist destination, also attracting medical tourism due to its well developed health sector. Nonetheless, a lack of natural resources, large flow of refugees and regional turmoil have hampered economic growth.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Around 740 to 720 BC Israel and Aram Damascus were conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The kingdoms of Ammon, Edom & Moab were subjugated, but were allowed to maintain some degree of independence.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: On 4 April 2021, Prince Hamzah bin Hussein, the former crown prince of Jordan, was placed under house arrest of conspiracy theories with foreign elements for a "malicious plot" to destabilize the kingdom.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Jordan sits strategically at the crossroads of the continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, in the Levant area of the Fertile Crescent, a cradle of civilization. It is large, and long between its northernmost and southernmost points; Umm Qais and Aqaba respectively. The kingdom lies between 29° and 34° N, and 34° and 40° E. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and the east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, and Israel and Palestine (West Bank) to the west

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Jordan has a diverse range of habitats, ecosystems and biota due to its varied landscapes and environments. The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature was set up in 1966 to protect and manage Jordan's natural resources. Nature reserves in Jordan include the Dana Biosphere Reserve, the Azraq Wetland Reserve, the Shaumari Wildlife Reserve and the Mujib Nature Reserve.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Summers, lasting from May to September, are hot and dry, with temperatures averaging around and sometimes exceeding between July and August. The winter, lasting from November to March, is relatively cool, with temperatures averaging around . Winter also sees frequent showers and occasional snowfall in some western elevated areas.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Four terrestrial ecoregions lie with Jordan's borders: Syrian xeric grasslands and shrublands, Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests, Mesopotamian shrub desert, and Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: The first level subdivision in Jordan is the "muhafazah" or governorate. The governorates are divided into "liwa" or districts, which are often further subdivided into "qda" or sub-districts. Control for each administrative unit is in a "chief town" (administrative centre) known as a "nahia".

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Jordan is a founding member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and of the Arab League. It enjoys "advanced status" with the European Union and is part of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), which aims to increase links between the EU and its neighbours. Jordan and Morocco tried to join the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in 2011, but the Gulf countries offered a five-year development aid programme instead.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: There are about 50,000 Jordanian troops working with the United Nations in peacekeeping missions across the world. Jordan ranks third internationally in participation in U.N. peacekeeping missions, with one of the highest levels of peacekeeping troop contributions of all U.N. member states. Jordan has dispatched several field hospitals to conflict zones and areas affected by natural disasters across the region.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: In 2014, Jordan joined an aerial bombardment campaign by an international coalition led by the United States against the Islamic State as part of its intervention in the Syrian Civil War. In 2015, Jordan participated in the Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen against the Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who was deposed in the 2011 uprising.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Jordan's economy is relatively well-diversified. Trade and finance combined account for nearly one-third of GDP; transportation and communication, public utilities, and construction account for one-fifth, and mining and manufacturing constitute nearly another fifth. Net official development assistance to Jordan in 2009 totalled US$761 million; according to the government, approximately two-thirds of this was allocated as grants, of which half was direct budget support.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Jordan is ranked as having the 35th best infrastructure in the world, one of the highest rankings in the developing world, according to the 2010 World Economic Forum's Index of Economic Competitiveness. This high infrastructural development is necessitated by its role as a transit country for goods and services to Palestine and Iraq. Palestinians use Jordan as a transit country due to the Israeli restrictions and Iraqis use Jordan due to the instability in Iraq.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: According to data from the Jordanian Ministry of Public Works and Housing, , the Jordanian road network consisted of of main roads; of rural roads and of side roads. The Hejaz Railway built during the Ottoman Empire which extended from Damascus to Mecca will act as a base for future railway expansion plans. Currently, the railway has little civilian activity; it is primarily used for transporting goods. A national railway project is currently undergoing studies and seeking funding sources.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: The Port of Aqaba is the only port in Jordan. In 2006, the port was ranked as being the "Best Container Terminal" in the Middle East by "Lloyd's List". The port was chosen due to it being a transit cargo port for other neighbouring countries, its location between four countries and three continents, being an exclusive gateway for the local market and for the improvements it has recently witnessed.

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Jordan

Context: Nuclear science and technology is also expanding. The Jordan Research and Training Reactor, which began working in 2016, is a 5 MW training reactor located at the Jordan University of Science and Technology in Ar Ramtha. The facility is the first nuclear reactor in the country and will provide Jordan with radioactive isotopes for medical usage and provide training to students to produce a skilled workforce for the country's planned commercial nuclear reactors.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Jordan was also selected as the location for the Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME) facility, supported by UNESCO and CERN. This particle accelerator that was opened in 2017 will allow collaboration between scientists from various rival Middle Eastern countries. The facility is the only particle accelerator in the Middle East, and one of only 60 synchrotron radiation facilities in the world.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Arabs make up about 98% of the population. The remaining 2% consist largely of peoples from the Caucasus including Circassians, Armenians, and Chechens, along with smaller minority groups. About 84.1% of the population live in urban areas.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: There are around 1.2 million illegal, and 500,000 legal migrant workers and expatriates in the kingdom. Thousands of foreign women, mostly from the Middle East and Eastern Europe, work in nightclubs, hotels and bars across the kingdom. American and European expatriate communities are concentrated in the capital, as the city is home to many international organizations and diplomatic missions.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Sunni Islam is the dominant religion in Jordan. Muslims make up about 95% of the country's population; in turn, 93% of those self-identify as Sunnis. There are also a small number of Ahmadi Muslims, and some Shiites. Many Shia are Iraqi and Lebanese refugees. Muslims who convert to another religion as well as missionaries from other religions face societal and legal discrimination.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Life expectancy in Jordan was around 74.8 years in 2017. The leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases, followed by cancer. Childhood immunization rates have increased steadily over the past 15 years; by 2002 immunisations and vaccines reached more than 95% of children under five. In 1950, water and sanitation was available to only 10% of the population; in 2015 it reached 98% of Jordanians.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Many institutions in Jordan aim to increase cultural awareness of Jordanian Art and to represent Jordan's artistic movements in fields such as paintings, sculpture, graffiti and photography. The art scene has been developing in the past few years and Jordan has been a haven for artists from surrounding countries. In January 2016, for the first time ever, a Jordanian film called Theeb was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Jordan unveiled its first underwater military museum off the coast of Aqaba. Several military vehicles, including tanks, troop carriers and a helicopter are in the museum.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: While both team and individual sports are widely played in Jordan, the Kingdom has enjoyed its biggest international achievements in taekwondo. The highlight came at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games when Ahmad Abu Ghaush won Jordan's first ever medal of any colour at the Games by taking gold in the −67 kg weight. Medals have continued to be won at World and Asian level in the sport since to establish Taekwondo as the Kingdom's favourite sport alongside football and basketball.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Jordan

Context: Football is the most popular sport in Jordan. The national football team came within a play-off of reaching the 2014 World Cup in Brazil when they lost a two-legged play-off against Uruguay. They previously reached the quarter-finals of the Asian Cup in 2004 and 2011.

Question: 요르단의 수도는 어디인가?


Turkey

Context: The English name of Turkey (from Medieval Latin /) means "land of the Turks". Middle English usage of "Turkye" is evidenced in an early work by Chaucer called "The Book of the Duchess" (). The phrase "land of Torke" is used in the 15th-century Digby Mysteries. Later usages can be found in the Dunbar poems, the 16th century ("Turkie") and Francis Bacon's ("Turky"). The modern spelling Turkey dates back to at least 1719.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: In January 2020, the Turkish Exporters' Assembly (TİM) — the umbrella organisation of Turkish exports — announced that it would use "Made in Turkiye" on all its labels in a bid to standardise branding and the identity of Turkish businesses on the international stage, using the term 'Turkiye' across all languages around the world.

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Turkey

Context: Urartu re-emerged in Assyrian inscriptions in the 9th century BC as a powerful northern rival of Assyria. Following the collapse of the Hittite empire c. 1180 BC, the Phrygians, an Indo-European people, achieved ascendancy in Anatolia until their kingdom was destroyed by the Cimmerians in the 7th century BC. Starting from 714 BC, Urartu shared the same fate and dissolved in 590 BC, when it was conquered by the Medes. The most powerful of Phrygia's successor states were Lydia, Caria and Lycia.

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Turkey

Context: For several centuries prior to the great Persian invasion of Greece, perhaps the very greatest and wealthiest city of the Greek world was Miletus, which founded more colonies than any other Greek city, particularly in the Black Sea region. Diogenes the Cynic was one of the founders of Cynic philosophy born in one of the Ionian colonies Sinope on the Black Sea coast of Anatolia in 412.

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Turkey

Context: The first state that was called Armenia by neighbouring peoples was the state of the Armenian Orontid dynasty, which included parts of what is now eastern Turkey beginning in the 6th century BC. In Northwest Turkey, the most significant tribal group in Thrace was the Odyrisians, founded by Teres I.

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Turkey

Context: All of modern-day Turkey was conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire during the 6th century BC. The Greco-Persian Wars started when the Greek city states on the coast of Anatolia rebelled against Persian rule in 499 BC.

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Turkey

Context: Artemisia I of Caria was a queen of the ancient Greek city-state of Halicarnassus and she fought as an ally of Xerxes I, King of Persia against the independent Greek city states during the second Persian invasion of Greece. She personally commanded her contribution of five ships at the naval battle of Artemisium in 480 BC.

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Turkey

Context: In the year 123, Emperor Hadrian traveled to Anatolia. Numerous monuments erected for his arrival and he met his lover Antinous from Bithynia. Hadrian focused on the Greek revival and built several temples and improved the cities. Cyzicus, Pergamon, Smyrna, Ephesus and Sardes were promoted as regional centres for the Imperial cult ("neocoros") during this period.

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Turkey

Context: The House of Seljuk originated from the "Kınık" branch of the Oghuz Turks who resided on the periphery of the Muslim world, in the Yabgu Khaganate of the Oğuz confederacy, to the north of the Caspian and Aral Seas, in the 9th century. In the 10th century, the Seljuks started migrating from their ancestral homeland into Persia, which became the administrative core of the Great Seljuk Empire, after its foundation by Tughril.

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Turkey

Context: In 1243, the Seljuk armies were defeated by the Mongols at the Battle of Köse Dağ, causing the Seljuk Empire's power to slowly disintegrate. In its wake, one of the Turkish principalities governed by Osman I would evolve over the next 200 years into the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans completed their conquest of the Byzantine Empire by capturing its capital, Constantinople, in 1453: their commander thenceforth being known as Mehmed the Conqueror.

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Turkey

Context: The Ottoman Empire's power and prestige peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, who personally instituted major legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation and criminal law.

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Turkey

Context: The empire was often at odds with the Holy Roman Empire in its steady advance towards Central Europe through the Balkans and the southern part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The Ottoman Navy contended with several Holy Leagues, such as those in 1538, 1571, 1684 and 1717 (composed primarily of Habsburg Spain, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Venice, the Knights of St. John, the Papal States, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Duchy of Savoy), for the control of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Turkey

Context: In the east, the Ottomans were often at war with Safavid Persia over conflicts stemming from territorial disputes or religious differences between the 16th and 18th centuries. The Ottoman wars with Persia continued as the Zand, Afsharid, and Qajar dynasties succeeded the Safavids in Iran, until the first half of the 19th century.

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Turkey

Context: Even further east, there was an extension of the Habsburg-Ottoman conflict, in that the Ottomans also had to send soldiers to their farthest and easternmost vassal and territory, the Aceh Sultanate in Southeast Asia, to defend it from European colonizers as well as the Latino invaders who had crossed from Latin America and had Christianized the formerly Muslim-dominated Philippines.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: From the 16th to the early 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire also fought twelve wars with the Russian Tsardom and Empire. These were initially about Ottoman territorial expansion and consolidation in southeastern and eastern Europe; but starting from the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), they became more about the survival of the Ottoman Empire, which had begun to lose its strategic territories on the northern Black Sea coast to the advancing Russians.

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Turkey

Context: The occupation of Istanbul (1918) and İzmir (1919) by the Allies in the aftermath of World War I prompted the establishment of the Turkish National Movement. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, a military commander who had distinguished himself during the Battle of Gallipoli, the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923) was waged with the aim of revoking the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres (1920).

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Mustafa Kemal became the republic's first President and subsequently introduced many reforms. The reforms aimed to transform the old religion-based and multi-communal Ottoman constitutional monarchy into a Turkish nation state that would be governed as a parliamentary republic under a secular constitution. With the Surname Law of 1934, the Turkish Parliament bestowed upon Mustafa Kemal the honorific surname "Atatürk" ("Father Turk").

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Turkey

Context: The Montreux Convention (1936) restored Turkey's control over the Turkish Straits, including the right to militarise the coastlines of the Dardanelles and Bosporus straits and the Sea of Marmara, and to block maritime traffic in wartime.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, some Kurdish and Zaza tribes, which were feudal (manorial) communities led by chieftains ("agha") during the Ottoman period, became discontent about certain aspects of Atatürk's reforms aiming to modernise the country, such as secularism (the Sheikh Said rebellion, 1925) and land reform (the Dersim rebellion, 1937–1938), and staged armed revolts that were put down with military operations.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The Democratic Party established by Celâl Bayar won the 1950, 1954 and 1957 general elections and stayed in power for a decade, with Adnan Menderes as the Prime Minister and Bayar as the President. After fighting as part of the United Nations forces in the Korean War, Turkey joined NATO in 1952, becoming a bulwark against Soviet expansion into the Mediterranean. Turkey subsequently became a founding member of the OECD in 1961, and an associate member of the EEC in 1963.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The country's tumultuous transition to multiparty democracy was interrupted by military coups d'état in 1960 and 1980, as well as by military memorandums in 1971 and 1997. Between 1960 and the end of the 20th century, the prominent leaders in Turkish politics who achieved multiple election victories were Süleyman Demirel, Bülent Ecevit and Turgut Özal. Tansu Çiller became the first female prime minister of Turkey in 1993.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: In 2013, widespread protests erupted in many Turkish provinces, sparked by a plan to demolish Gezi Park but soon growing into general anti-government dissent. On 15 July 2016, an unsuccessful coup attempt tried to oust the government. As a reaction to the failed coup d'état, the government carried out mass purges.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Within this unitary framework, Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces ("il" or "vilayet") for administrative purposes. Each province is divided into districts ("ilçe"), for a total of 973 districts. Turkey is also subdivided into 7 regions ("bölge") and 21 subregions for geographic, demographic and economic purposes; this does not refer to an administrative division.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkey is a presidential republic within a multi-party system. The current constitution was approved by referendum in 1982, which determines the government's structure, lays forth the ideals and standards of the state's conduct, and sets out the state's responsibility to its citizens. Furthermore, the constitution specifies the people's rights and obligations, as well as principles for the delegation and exercise of sovereignty that belongs to the people of Turkey.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: In the Turkish unitary system, citizens are subject to three levels of government: national, provincial, and local. The local government's duties are commonly split between municipal governments and districts, in which executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces for administrative purposes. Each province is divided into districts, for a total of 973 districts.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The government, regulated by a system of separation of powers as defined by the constitution of Turkey, comprises three branches:

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Elections in Turkey are held for six functions of government: presidential elections (national), parliamentary elections (national), municipality mayors (local), district mayors (local), provincial or municipal council members (local) and muhtars (local). Apart from elections, referenda are also held occasionally.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The Constitutional Court can strip the public financing of political parties that it deems anti-secular or having ties to terrorism, or ban their existence altogether. The electoral threshold for political parties at national level is seven percent of the votes. Smaller parties can avoid the electoral threshold by forming an alliance with other parties, in which it is sufficient that the total votes of the alliance passes 7%. Independent candidates are not subject to an electoral threshold.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The 12th President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the winner of the 2018 presidential election and former prime minister, is currently serving as the head of state and head of government. Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu is the main opposition leader of Turkey. Mustafa Şentop is the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The 27th Parliament of Turkey was installed following the 2018 parliamentary election, with the starting composition of 295 seats for the Justice and Development Party (AKP), 146 seats for the Republican People's Party (CHP), 67 seats for the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), 49 seats for the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and 49 seats for the Good Party (İP). The next parliamentary election is scheduled to take place in 2023.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkey has adopted the principle of the separation of powers. In line with this principle, judicial power is exercised by independent courts on behalf of the Turkish nation. The independence and organisation of the courts, the security of the tenure of judges and public prosecutors, the profession of judges and prosecutors, the supervision of judges and public prosecutors, the military courts and their organisation, and the powers and duties of the high courts are regulated by the Turkish Constitution.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkey is a founding member of the United Nations (1945), the OECD (1961), the OIC (1969), the OSCE (1973), the ECO (1985), the BSEC (1992), the D-8 (1997) and the G20 (1999). Turkey was a member of the United Nations Security Council in 1951–1952, 1954–1955, 1961 and 2009–2010. In 2012 Turkey became a dialogue partner of the SCO, and in 2013 became a member of the ACD.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The Turkish Armed Forces consist of the General Staff, the Land Forces, the Naval Forces and the Air Force. The Chief of the General Staff is appointed by the President. President is responsible to the Parliament for matters of national security and the adequate preparation of the armed forces to defend the country. However, the authority to declare war and to deploy the Turkish Armed Forces to foreign countries or to allow foreign armed forces to be stationed in Turkey rests solely with the Parliament.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Every fit male Turkish citizen otherwise not barred is required to serve in the military for a period ranging from three weeks to a year, dependent on education and job location. Turkey does not recognise conscientious objection and does not offer a civilian alternative to military service.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The human rights record of Turkey has been the subject of much controversy and international condemnation. Between 1959 and 2011 the European Court of Human Rights made more than 2400 judgements against Turkey for human rights violations on issues such as Kurdish rights, women's rights, LGBT rights, and media freedom. Turkey's human rights record continues to be a significant obstacle to the country's membership of the EU.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: During the October 2019 offensive into Syria, Turkish forces have been accused of war crimes, such as targeting civilians with white phosphorus and various other human rights violations. Turkey has officially rejected the claims.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Istanbul Pride was held for the first time in 2003. Turkey became the first Muslim-majority country to hold a gay pride march. It was also the first gay pride in the Middle East and the Balkans.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkey is divided into seven geographical regions: Marmara, Aegean, Black Sea, Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and the Mediterranean. The uneven north Anatolian terrain running along the Black Sea resembles a long, narrow belt. This region comprises approximately one-sixth of Turkey's total land area. As a general trend, the inland Anatolian plateau becomes increasingly rugged as it progresses eastward.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Pamukkale terraces are made of travertine, a sedimentary rock deposited by mineral water from the hot springs. The area is famous for a carbonate mineral left by the flowing of thermal spring water. It is located in Turkey's Inner Aegean region, in the River Menderes valley, which has a temperate climate for most of the year. It was added as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988 with Hierapolis.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: East Thrace; the European portion of Turkey, is located at the easternmost edge the Balkans. It forms the border between Turkey and its neighbours Greece and Bulgaria. The Asian part of the country mostly consists of the peninsula of Anatolia, which consists of a high central plateau with narrow coastal plains, between the Köroğlu and Pontic mountain ranges to the north and the Taurus Mountains to the south.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The Eastern Anatolia Region mostly corresponds to the western part of the Armenian Highlands (the plateau situated between the Anatolian Plateau in the west and the Lesser Caucasus in the north) and contains Mount Ararat, Turkey's highest point at , and Lake Van, the largest lake in the country. Eastern Turkey has a mountainous landscape and is home to the sources of rivers such as the Euphrates, Tigris and Aras. The Southeastern Anatolia Region includes the northern plains of Upper Mesopotamia.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Far from the coast the climate of Turkey tends to be continental but elsewhere temperate, and has become hotter, and drier in parts. There are many species of plants and animals.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: There are 40 national parks, 189 nature parks, 31 nature preserve areas, 80 wildlife protection areas and 109 nature monuments in Turkey such as Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park, Mount Nemrut National Park, Ancient Troy National Park, Ölüdeniz Nature Park and Polonezköy Nature Park. In the 21st century, threats to biodiversity include desertification due to climate change in Turkey.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The Anatolian leopard is still found in very small numbers in the northeastern and southeastern regions of Turkey. The Eurasian lynx and the European wildcat are other felid species which are currently found in the forests of Turkey. The Caspian tiger, now extinct, lived in the easternmost regions of Turkey until the latter half of the 20th century.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Renowned domestic animals from Ankara, the capital of Turkey, include the Angora cat, Angora rabbit and Angora goat; and from Van Province the Van cat. The national dog breeds are the Kangal (Anatolian Shepherd), Malaklı and Akbaş.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Mountains close to the coast prevent Mediterranean influences from extending inland, giving the central Anatolian plateau of the interior of Turkey a continental climate with sharply contrasting seasons.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Other key sectors of the Turkish economy are banking, construction, home appliances, electronics, textiles, oil refining, petrochemical products, food, mining, iron and steel, and machine industry. In 2004, it was estimated that 46 percent of total disposable income was received by the top 20 percent of income earners, while the lowest 20 percent received only 6 percent.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkey has seen a growth in video gaming industry during the recent years. Many game developing companies founded and gained investment from venture capitalists. TaleWorlds Entertainment, Peak Games, Bigger Games and Dream Games are the current leaders in this sector.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: , the country has a roadway network of over . Motorways are controlled-access highways that are officially named Otoyol. The network spans 3,523 kilometres (2,189 mi) as of 2020. The network is expected to expand to 4,773 kilometres (2,966 mi) by 2023 and to 9,312 kilometres (5,786 mi) by 2035.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkish State Railways operates both conventional and high speed trains on 12,532 kilometres rail length. The government-owned national railway company started building high-speed rail lines in 2003. The Ankara-Konya line became operational in 2011, while the Ankara-Istanbul line entered service in 2014. Konya-Karaman line started its operations in 2022 and 406 km (252 mi) long Ankara-Sivas line is to open in 2022.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Opened in 2013, the Marmaray tunnel under the Bosphorus connects the railway and metro lines of Istanbul's European and Asian sides; while the nearby Eurasia Tunnel (2016) provides an undersea road connection for motor vehicles.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Metro Istanbul is the largest metro network in the country with 495 million annual ridership. There are 8 metro lines under service and 5 more under construction.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The Bosphorus Bridge (1973), Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (1988) and Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge (2016) are the three suspension bridges connecting the European and Asian shores of the Bosphorus strait. The Osman Gazi Bridge (2016) connects the northern and southern shores of the Gulf of İzmit. The Çanakkale 1915 Bridge on the Dardanelles strait, connecting Europe and Asia, is the longest suspension bridge in the world.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The Turkish government invests heavily in research and development of military technologies, including Turkish Aerospace Industries, ASELSAN, HAVELSAN, ROKETSAN, and MKE. Turkey is a global leader in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); the Bayraktar TB2, manufactured by private defence company Baykar, has been exported to over a dozen countries and played a decisive role in several conflicts, including the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkey is among the top fifty most innovative countries in the world, ranking 41st in the Global Innovation Index in 2021; this represents a considerable increase since 2011, where it was ranked 65th.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The three "Non-Muslim" minority groups recognised in the Treaty of Lausanne were Armenians, Greeks and Jews. Other ethnic groups include Albanians, Arabs, Assyrians, Bosniaks, Circassians, Georgians, Laz, Pomaks, and Roma. Turkey is also home to a Muslim community of Megleno-Romanians.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Before the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011, the estimated number of Arabs in Turkey varied from 1 million to more than 2 million. As of April 2020, there are 3.6 million Syrian refugees in Turkey, who are mostly Arabs but also include Syrian Kurds, Syrian Turkmen, and other ethnic groups of Syria. The vast majority of these are living in Turkey with temporary residence permits. The Turkish government has granted Turkish citizenship to refugees who have joined the Syrian National Army.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Modern-day Turkey continues to have a small Jewish population; with around 26,000 Jews, the vast majority of whom are Sephardi. Turkey has the biggest Jewish community among the Muslim-majority countries.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: In a mid-2010s poll, 2.9% of Turkish respondents identified as atheists. The Association of Atheism, the first official atheist organisation in the Balkans and the Middle East, was founded in 2014. Some religious and secular officials have claimed that atheism and deism are growing among Turkish people.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The Ministry of National Education is responsible for pre-tertiary education. This is compulsory and lasts twelve years: four years each of primary school, middle school and high school. All 12 years compulsory education is free of charge in public schools.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Basic education in Turkey is said to lag behind other OECD countries, with significant differences between high and low performers. Access to high-quality school heavily depends on the performance in the secondary school entrance exams, to the point that some students begin taking private tutoring classes when they are ten years old.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkey is a member of Socrates programme, Erasmus Programme and Erasmus+ Programmes. These student exchange programmes are organised by the European Union. Also it is a member of Erasmus Student Network which is a Europe-wide student organisation which has more than 15.000 volunteers across the Europe.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Average life expectancy is 78.6 years (75.9 for males and 81.3 for females), compared with the EU average of 81 years. Turkey has high rates of obesity, with 29.5% of its adult population having a body mass index (BMI) value that is 30 or above. Air pollution in Turkey is a major cause of early death.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: There are many private hospitals in the country. Turkey benefits from medical tourism in the recent years. Health tourism earns above $1 billion to Turkey in 2019. Some 60% of the income is obtained from plastic surgery and a total of 662,087 patients received service in the country last year within the scope of health tourism.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The young Turkish artists sent to Europe in 1926 came back inspired by contemporary trends such as Fauvism, Cubism and Expressionism, still very influential in Europe. The later "Group D" of artists led by Abidin Dino, Cemal Tollu, Fikret Mualla, Fahrünnisa Zeid, Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu, Adnan Çoker and Burhan Doğançay introduced some trends that had lasted in the West for more than three decades.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Other important movements in Turkish painting were the "Yeniler Grubu" (The Newcomers Group) of the late 1930s; the "On'lar Grubu" (Group of Ten) of the 1940s; the "Yeni Dal Grubu" (New Branch Group) of the 1950s; and the "Siyah Kalem Grubu" (Black Pen Group) of the 1960s.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Internationally acclaimed Turkish sculptors in the 20th century include Ali Hadi Bara, Zühtü Müridoğlu, İlhan Koman, Kuzgun Acar and Ali Teoman Germaner.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkish literature is a mix of cultural influences. Interaction between the Ottoman Empire and the Islamic world along with Europe contributed to a blend of Turkic, Islamic and European traditions in modern-day Turkish music and literary arts. Turkish literature was heavily influenced by Persian and Arabic literature during most of the Ottoman era.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The first radical step of innovation in 20th century Turkish poetry was taken by Nâzım Hikmet, who introduced the free verse style. Another revolution in Turkish poetry came about in 1941 with the Garip movement led by Orhan Veli, Oktay Rıfat and Melih Cevdet. The mix of cultural influences in Turkey is dramatised, for example, in the form of the "new symbols of the clash and interlacing of cultures" enacted in the novels of Orhan Pamuk, recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: With the assimilation of immigrants from various regions the diversity of musical genres and musical instrumentation also expanded. Turkey has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Polish and Jewish communities, among others.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Some of the notable contemporary architects of Turkey are Behruz Çinici, Emre Arolat, Murat Tabanlıoğlu, Melkan Tabanlıoğlu, Melike Altınışık and Mehmet Kütükçüoğlu

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: The most popular sport in Turkey is association football. Galatasaray won the UEFA Cup and UEFA Super Cup in 2000. The Turkish national football team won the bronze medal at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup and UEFA Euro 2008.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Turkish television dramas are increasingly becoming popular beyond Turkey's borders and are among the country's most vital exports, both in terms of profit and public relations. After sweeping the Middle East's television market over the past decade, Turkish shows have aired in more than a dozen South and Central American countries in 2016. Turkey is today the world's second largest exporter of television series.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Turkey

Context: Despite legal provisions, media freedom in Turkey has steadily deteriorated from 2010 onwards, with a precipitous decline following the failed coup attempt on 15 July 2016. As of December 2016, at least 81 journalists were imprisoned in Turkey and more than 100 news outlets were closed. Freedom House lists Turkey's media as "not free". The media crackdowns also extend to Internet censorship with Wikipedia getting blocked between 29 April 2017 and 15 January 2020.

Question: 터키에는 기독교 인구가 얼마나 되니?


Rene and Georgette Magritte with Their Dog after the War

Context: "René and Georgette Magritte with Their Dog after the War" is a ballad written and sung by Paul Simon.

Question: 르네 마그리트의 첫 작품은 무엇인가?


Context: The song is about the surrealist artist René Magritte and his wife Georgette. The title derives from a photograph of the Magrittes and their dog in Belgium by photographer Lothar Wolleh. He took two photographs of them: one, "René and Georgette Magritte With Their Dog During the War", was a black and white photo, purportedly from the World War II era, but likely taken during the 1960s. The second, "René and Georgette Magritte With Their Dog", was taken in their home in Belgium in 1967.

Question: 르네 마그리트의 첫 작품은 무엇인가?


Context: "Simultaneously an evocative mood piece and a joyous tribute to the doo wop groups of the '50s", the song depicts the Magrittes as secret admirers of The Penguins, The Moonglows, The Orioles, and The Five Satins. The lyrics refer to this as "the deep forbidden music they've been longing for" and says that others also "have (it) hidden away in the cabinet cold of their hearts."

Question: 르네 마그리트의 첫 작품은 무엇인가?


Context: The song also portrays the Magrittes "strolling down Christopher Street", stopping in a men's store, and seeing "all of the mannequins dressed in the style that brought tears to their immigrant eyes just like" the aforementioned doo wop groups.

Question: 르네 마그리트의 첫 작품은 무엇인가?


Context: While not a chart hit (Allmusic refers to the whole album as "a commercial disaster"), the song was well received by fans and reviewers. It has been called a "very nice homage to the painter and his work". Another reviewer deemed the song "flat-out terrific...despite its obvious pretensions."

Question: 르네 마그리트의 첫 작품은 무엇인가?


Context: Sam Sutherland described this tune as "a polished gem, both a musical analogue to the artist's dead-pan surrealism and a unique love song."

Question: 르네 마그리트의 첫 작품은 무엇인가?


Mount Logan

Context: In January 2020, due to the expensive cost of search and rescue operations in recent years, Parks Canada announced new rules for climbing Mt. Logan:

Question: 캐나다에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mount Logan

Context: There have been eight rescue missions in the past seven years in Kluane National Park. Each mission typically costs between $60,000 to $100,000 CAD which is paid for by Canadian taxpayers. A Parks Canada spokesperson said the new rules are to help reduce the financial burden to taxpayers.

Question: 캐나다에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mount Logan

Context: Following the death of former Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Trudeau in 2000, then Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, a close friend of Trudeau, proposed renaming the mountain Mount Trudeau.

Question: 캐나다에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mount Logan

Context: However opposition from Yukoners, mountaineers, geologists, Trudeau's political critics, and many other Canadians forced the plan to be dropped. A mountain in British Columbia's Premier Range was named Mount Pierre Elliott Trudeau instead.

Question: 캐나다에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


List of Catholic seminaries

Context: This is a list of Catholic seminaries in the world, including those that have been closed. According to the 2012 Pontifical Yearbook, the total number of candidates for the priesthood in the world was 118,990 at the end of the year 2010. These students were in 6,974 seminaries around the world: 3,194 diocesan seminaries and 3,780 religious seminaries.

Question: 미국에는 신학대학교가 몇개 있나요?


List of Catholic seminaries

Context: By the 'Organización de Seminarios Latinoamericanos' (OSLAM), there are 429 seminaries in Brazil. The following list is by leading Ecclesiastical Provinces.

Question: 미국에는 신학대학교가 몇개 있나요?


List of Catholic seminaries

Context: At the end of the year 2011, there are 7 major seminaries in Korea; and the number of seminarians in these seven seminaries is 1,587 — from diocesan 1,317, religious & missionary 270.

Question: 미국에는 신학대학교가 몇개 있나요?


List of Catholic seminaries

Context: The Catholic Church in Ireland encompasses the entire island of Ireland, including the distinct political entities the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. There are two active diocesan seminaries in Ireland:

Question: 미국에는 신학대학교가 몇개 있나요?


Capitals of Brazil

Context: The current capital of Brazil, since its construction in 1960, is Brasilia. Rio de Janeiro was the country's capital between 1763 and 1960. The city of Salvador served as the seat for the Portuguese colonial administration in Brazil for its first two centuries and is usually called the "first capital of Brazil."

Question: 브라질 수도는 어딘가요?


Capitals of Brazil

Context: Salvador was established in 1549 by the first Governor-General of Portuguese South America shortly after colonization began. The city became the seat of the first Catholic bishopric of Brazil in 1552 and is still the center of Brazilian Catholicism.

Question: 브라질 수도는 어딘가요?


Capitals of Brazil

Context: In the 17th century, Rio de Janeiro became a far more practical export port than Salvador, and the colonial administration was moved in 1763. In 1808 the Portuguese royal family and most of the aristocracy in the Portuguese capital Lisbon fled Portugal ahead of Napoleon's invasion. The Portuguese capital was temporarily transferred from Europe to Rio de Janeiro. The city remained the capital after the independence of Brazil in 1822 and after the abolition of the monarchy in 1889.

Question: 브라질 수도는 어딘가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: While telegraphing is a hazard for any sporting event, it is particularly risky at upper levels of competition where talented players are better able to anticipate and react to telegraphed actions. The ability to suppress telegraphing, and pick up on the telegraphing of other players, is often a hallmark of elite athletes.

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: The most widespread telegraph in all unarmed combat is to look directly at an intended target on the opponent's body. This is one of the reasons that competitors are encouraged to look their opponents in the eyes or shoulders when engaged in combat.

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: The term "telegraph" is arguably used most often in boxing. This will usually take the form of boxers moving their shoulders in a specific manner before throwing a punch. This can also refer to boxers whose overall movement is so slow that it can be anticipated by an opponent.

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: In martial arts that utilise legs as well as arms for striking, telegraphing often involves hip movements used to shift bodyweight. Wing chun is one martial art that attempts to avoid this pitfall by using uncommitted techniques.

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: Hockey players tend to telegraph larger, more forceful actions such as slap shots or body checks. Telegraphing is not avoided as it is hoped that the forcefulness of the action is great enough to overcome its predictability.

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: Pitchers can telegraph their selected pitch by allowing the batter to see their finger position. It is considered a basic skill to keep the pitching hand hidden in the glove as long as possible during a pitch. If the pitcher is failing to do this, he is said to be "tipping his pitches".

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: The split-finger fastball is one pitch that draws its success mainly by falsely telegraphing a straight fastball to the batter.

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: Bowlers (spin bowlers even more so than fast or seam bowlers) can telegraph the trajectory and expected landing position of the ball, the likely direction of deviation after pitching, the amount of bounce etc. by allowing the batsman to see their finger position and the seam position of the ball at the time of release.

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: The quarterback in American Football can telegraph where he is going to throw by following a certain receiver with his eyes. He can also telegraph when he is about to throw the ball by changing his grip on the ball.

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: Basketball players can telegraph their passes if they continuously look at the intended teammate. This often results in a steal.

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


Telegraphing (sports)

Context: Poker is one of the few non-sporting events to frequently use the term. This is because those players who do betray their intentions, do so when they fail to suppress physical reflexes (such as blinking nervously when dealt a bad hand).

Question: 의화단의 전신은 무엇인가요?


East Francia

Context: The east–west division, enforced by the Germanic-Latin language split, "gradually hardened into the establishment of separate kingdoms", with East Francia becoming the Kingdom of Germany and West Francia the Kingdom of France.

Question: 서프랑크왕국은 언제 멸망하였는가?


East Francia

Context: In 869 Lotharingia was divided between West and East Francia under the Treaty of Meersen. The short lived Middle Francia turned out to be the theatre of Franco-German wars up until the 20th century.

Question: 서프랑크왕국은 언제 멸망하였는가?


East Francia

Context: All the Frankish lands were briefly reunited by Charles the Fat, but in 888 he was deposed by nobles and in East Francia Arnulf of Carinthia was elected king.

Question: 서프랑크왕국은 언제 멸망하였는가?


East Francia

Context: The increasing weakness of royal power in East Francia meant that dukes of Bavaria, Swabia, Franconia, Saxony and Lotharingia turned from appointed nobles into hereditary rulers of their territories. Kings increasingly had to deal with regional rebellions.

Question: 서프랑크왕국은 언제 멸망하였는가?


East Francia

Context: When it was necessary, as in the Treaty of Bonn (921) with the West Franks, the "eastern" qualifier appeared. Henry I refers to himself as "rex Francorum orientalium", "king of the East Franks", in the treaty. By the 12th century, the historian Otto of Freising, in using the Carolingian terminology, had to explain that the "eastern kingdom of the Franks" ("orientale Francorum regnum") was "now called the kingdom of the Germans" ("regnum Teutonicorum").

Question: 서프랑크왕국은 언제 멸망하였는가?


East Francia

Context: The regalia of the Carolingian empire had been divided by Louis the Pious on his deathbed between his two faithful sons, Charles the Bald and Lothair. Louis the German, then in rebellion, received nothing of the crown jewels or liturgical books associated with Carolingian kingship. Thus the symbols and rituals of East Frankish kingship were created from scratch.

Question: 서프랑크왕국은 언제 멸망하였는가?


Soviet Union

Context: The left's view of the USSR is complex. While some leftists regard the USSR as an example of state capitalism or that it was an oligarchical state, other leftists admire Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Revolution.Council communists generally view the USSR as failing to create class consciousness, turning into a corrupt state in which the elite controlled society.

Question: 소련 건립일은 언젠가요?


Eurasian wolf

Context: Many Eurasian wolf populations are forced to subsist largely on livestock and garbage in areas with dense human activity, though wild ungulates such as moose, red deer, roe deer and wild boar are still the most important food sources in Russia and the more mountainous regions of Eastern Europe. Other prey species include reindeer, argali, mouflon, wisent, saiga, ibex, chamois, wild goats, fallow deer, and musk deer.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: In describing North American wolves, John Richardson used European wolves as a basis for comparison, summarising the differences between the two forms as:

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: The European wolf's head is narrower, and tapers gradually to form the nose, which is produced on the same plane with the forehead. Its ears are higher and somewhat nearer to each other; their length exceeds the distance between the auditory opening and the eye. Its loins are more slender, its legs longer, feet narrower, and its tail is more thinly clothed with fur.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: The shorter ears, broader forehead, and thicker muzzle of the American Wolf, with the bushiness of the hair behind the cheek, give it a physiognomy more like the social visage of an Esquimaux dog than the sneaking aspect of a European Wolf.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: Wolf hunting in France was first institutionalized by Charlemagne between 800 and 813, when he established the ', a special corps of wolf hunters. The ' was abolished after the French Revolution in 1789, but was re-established in 1814. In 1883, up to 1,386 wolves were killed, with many more by poison.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: As of 2017, the IUCN Red List still recorded the grey wolf as regionally extinct in eight European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Since then, wolves have returned to and, in some cases, firmly established themselves in all of those countries, except for the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: The recovery of European wolf populations began after the 1950s, when traditional pastoral and rural economies declined and thus removed the need to heavily persecute wolves. By the 1980s, small and isolated wolf populations expanded in the wake of decreased human density in rural areas and the recovery of wild prey populations.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: The decline in the moose populations has reduced the wolf's food supply. Since 2011, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Denmark have also reported wolf sightings presumably by natural migration from adjacent countries.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: The grey wolf is protected in Slovakia, though an exception is made for wolves killing livestock. A few Slovakian wolves disperse into the Czech Republic, where they are afforded full protection. Wolves in Slovakia, Ukraine, and Croatia may disperse into Hungary, where the lack of cover hinders the buildup of an autonomous population. Although wolves have special status in Hungary, they may be hunted with a year-round permit if they cause problems.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: Wolf populations throughout Northern and Central Asia are largely unknown, but are estimated in the hundreds of thousands based on annual harvests. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, continent-wide extermination of wolves has ceased, and wolf populations have increased to about 25,000–30,000 animals throughout the former Soviet Union, an increase of about 150%.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: The Eurasian wolf and the Italian wolf are legally protected in most European countries, either by listing in the annexes of the EU-FHH Directive or by the Bern Convention or both, depending on whether a country is a signatory of the Bern Convention or not.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: In Switzerland in 2018, about 500 wolf attacks occurred in a population of about 50 wolves in the presence of about 200 livestock guardian dogs. In Germany between 2000 and 2019, the number of wolf attacks on grazing animals increased from none to 890 in one year, while the number of animals injured and killed increased to 2900, indicating a specialisation in grazing animals and frequent surplus killing events.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Eurasian wolf

Context: The majority of pre-Christian wolf-related traditions in Eurasia were rooted in Hittite mythology, with wolves featuring prominently in Indo-European cultures, sometimes as deity figures. The wolf was held in high esteem by the Dacians, whose name was derived from the Gaulish "Daoi", meaning "wolf people". The wolf was viewed as the lord of all animals, and as the only effective power against evil. Also, the ancient Greeks associated wolves with their own sun god Apollo.

Question: 러시아숲늑대의 서식지역은 어디어디인가?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Washington mobilized a nationwide coalition of middle-class blacks, church leaders, and white philanthropists and politicians, with a long-term goal of building the community's economic strength and pride by a focus on self-help and schooling. With his own contributions to the Black community, Washington was a supporter of racial uplift, but secretly he also supported court challenges to segregation and to restrictions on voter registration.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Washington's legacy has been controversial in the civil rights community. After his death in 1915, he came under heavy criticism for accommodationism to white supremacy, despite his claims that his long-term goal was to end the disenfranchisement of African Americans, the vast majority of whom still lived in the South. However, a more neutral view has appeared since the late 20th century. As of 2010, most recent studies "defend and celebrate his accomplishments, legacy, and leadership".

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Booker was born into slavery to Jane, an enslaved African-American woman on the plantation of James Burroughs in southwest Virginia, near Hale's Ford in Franklin County. He never knew the day, month, and year of his birth (although evidence emerged after his death that he was born on April 5, 1856). Nor did he ever know his father, said to be a white man who resided on a neighboring plantation. The man played no financial or emotional role in Washington's life.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: From his earliest years, Washington was known simply as "Booker", with no middle or surname, in the practice of the time. His mother, her relatives and his siblings struggled with the demands of slavery. He later wrote:

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: I cannot remember a single instance during my childhood or early boyhood when our entire family sat down to the table together, and God's blessing was asked, and the family ate a meal in a civilized manner. On the plantation in Virginia, and even later, meals were gotten to the children very much as dumb animals get theirs. It was a piece of bread here and a scrap of meat there. It was a cup of milk at one time and some potatoes at another.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: When he was nine, Booker and his family in Virginia gained freedom under the Emancipation Proclamation as U.S. troops occupied their region. Booker was thrilled by the formal day of their emancipation in early 1865:

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: After emancipation Jane took her family to the free state of West Virginia to join her husband Washington Ferguson, who had escaped from slavery during the war and settled there. The illiterate boy Booker began to painstakingly teach himself to read and attended school for the first time.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: At school, Booker was asked for a surname for registration. He took the family name of Washington, after his stepfather. Still later he learned from his mother that she had originally given him the name "Booker Taliaferro" at the time of his birth, but his second name was not used by the master. Upon learning of his original name, Washington immediately readopted it as his own, and became known as Booker Taliaferro Washington for the rest of his life.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Washington worked in salt furnaces and coal mines in West Virginia for several years to earn money. He made his way east to Hampton Institute, a school established in Virginia to educate freedmen and their descendants, where he also worked to pay for his studies. He later attended Wayland Seminary in Washington, D.C. in 1878.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: In 1881, the Hampton Institute president Samuel C. Armstrong recommended Washington, then age 25, to become the first leader of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (later Tuskegee Institute, now Tuskegee University), the new normal school (teachers' college) in Alabama. The new school opened on July 4, 1881, initially using a room donated by Butler Chapel A.M.E. Zion Church.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: The Oaks, "a large comfortable home," was built on campus for Washington and his family. They moved into the house in 1900. Washington lived there until his death in 1915. His widow, Margaret, lived at The Oaks until her death in 1925.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Washington led Tuskegee for more than 30 years after becoming its leader. As he developed it, adding to both the curriculum and the facilities on the campus, he became a prominent national leader among African Americans, with considerable influence with wealthy white philanthropists and politicians.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Washington helped develop other schools and colleges. In 1891 he lobbied the West Virginia legislature to locate the newly authorized West Virginia Colored Institute (today West Virginia State University) in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia near Charleston. He visited the campus often and spoke at its first commencement exercise.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Throughout the final twenty years of his life, he maintained his standing through a nationwide network of supporters including black educators, ministers, editors, and businessmen, especially those who supported his views on social and educational issues for blacks. He also gained access to top national white leaders in politics, philanthropy and education, raised large sums, was consulted on race issues, and was awarded honorary degrees from Harvard University in 1896 and Dartmouth College in 1901.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: While promoting moderation, Washington contributed secretly and substantially to mounting legal challenges activist African Americans launched against segregation and disenfranchisement of blacks. In his public role, he believed he could achieve more by skillful accommodation to the social realities of the age of segregation.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: He also gave lectures to raise money for the school. On January 23, 1906, he lectured at Carnegie Hall in New York in the Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture. He spoke along with great orators of the day, including Mark Twain, Joseph Hodges Choate, and Robert Curtis Ogden; it was the start of a capital campaign to raise $1,800,000 for the school.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: The schools which Washington supported were founded primarily to produce teachers, as education was critical for the black community following emancipation. Freedmen strongly supported literacy and education as the keys to their future. When graduates returned to their largely impoverished rural southern communities, they still found few schools and educational resources, as the white-dominated state legislatures consistently underfunded black schools in their segregated system.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Washington also contributed to the Progressive Era by forming the National Negro Business League. It encouraged entrepreneurship among black businessmen, establishing a national network.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: His autobiography, "Up from Slavery," first published in 1901, is still widely read in the early 21st century.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: In 1893 Washington married Margaret James Murray. She was from Mississippi and had graduated from Fisk University, a historically black college. They had no children together, but she helped rear Washington's three children. Murray outlived Washington and died in 1925.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Washington's 1895 Atlanta Exposition address was viewed as a "revolutionary moment" by both African Americans and whites across the country. At the time W. E. B. Du Bois supported him, but they grew apart as Du Bois sought more action to remedy disfranchisement and improve educational opportunities for blacks. After their falling out, Du Bois and his supporters referred to Washington's speech as the "Atlanta Compromise" to express their criticism that Washington was too accommodating to white interests.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Free black people were 'matter out of place'. Their emancipation was an affront to southern white freedom. Booker T. Washington did not understand that his program was perceived as subversive of a natural order in which black people were to remain forever subordinate or unfree.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Both Washington and Du Bois sought to define the best means post-Civil War to improve the conditions of the African-American community through education.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Along with Du Bois, Washington partly organized the "Negro exhibition" at the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris, where photos of Hampton Institute's black students were displayed. These were taken by his friend Frances Benjamin Johnston. The exhibition demonstrated African Americans' positive contributions to United States' society.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Washington privately contributed substantial funds for legal challenges to segregation and disfranchisement, such as the case of "Giles v. Harris", which was heard before the United States Supreme Court in 1903. Even when such challenges were won at the Supreme Court, southern states quickly responded with new laws to accomplish the same ends, for instance, adding "grandfather clauses" that covered whites and not blacks in order to prevent blacks from voting.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: A few weeks later Washington went on a previously planned speaking tour along the newly completed Virginian Railway, a $40-million enterprise that had been built almost entirely from Rogers' personal fortune. As Washington rode in the late financier's private railroad car, "Dixie", he stopped and made speeches at many locations. His companions later recounted that he had been warmly welcomed by both black and white citizens at each stop.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: Washington revealed that Rogers had been quietly funding operations of 65 small country schools for African Americans, and had given substantial sums of money to support Tuskegee and Hampton institutes. He also noted that Rogers had encouraged programs with matching funds requirements so the recipients had a stake in the outcome.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?


Booker T. Washington

Context: In 1907 Philadelphia Quaker Anna T. Jeanes (1822–1907) donated one million dollars to Washington for elementary schools for black children in the South. Her contributions and those of Henry Rogers and others funded schools in many poor communities.

Question: 부커 T. 워싱턴은 언제 두번째 부인과 결혼했나요?