Context: The garden-facing inner sides of the wall are fronted by columned arcades, a feature typical of Hindu temples which was later incorporated into Mughal mosques. The wall is interspersed with domed chhatris, and small buildings that may have been viewing areas or watch towers.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Silver

Context: Silver has long been valued as a precious metal. Silver metal is used in many bullion coins, sometimes alongside gold: while it is more abundant than gold, it is much less abundant as a native metal. Its purity is typically measured on a per-mille basis; a 94%-pure alloy is described as "0.940 fine". As one of the seven metals of antiquity, silver has had an enduring role in most human cultures.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Silver readily forms alloys with copper, gold, and zinc. Zinc-silver alloys with low zinc concentration may be considered as face-centred cubic solid solutions of zinc in silver, as the structure of the silver is largely unchanged while the electron concentration rises as more zinc is added. Increasing the electron concentration further leads to body-centred cubic (electron concentration 1.5), complex cubic (1.615), and hexagonal close-packed phases (1.75).

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Twenty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being 105Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, 111Ag with a half-life of 7.45 days, and 112Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours. Silver has numerous nuclear isomers, the most stable being 108mAg ("t"1/2 = 418 years), 110mAg ("t"1/2 = 249.79 days) and 106mAg ("t"1/2 = 8.28 days). All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than an hour, and the majority of these have half-lives of less than three minutes.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Isotopes of silver range in relative atomic mass from 92.950 u (93Ag) to 129.950 u (130Ag); the primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 107Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 107Ag are palladium (element 46) isotopes, and the primary products after are cadmium (element 48) isotopes.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: The palladium isotope 107Pd decays by beta emission to 107Ag with a half-life of 6.5 million years. Iron meteorites are the only objects with a high-enough palladium-to-silver ratio to yield measurable variations in 107Ag abundance. Radiogenic 107Ag was first discovered in the Santa Clara meteorite in 1978. 107Pd–107Ag correlations observed in bodies that have clearly been melted since the accretion of the Solar System must reflect the presence of unstable nuclides in the early Solar System.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: The three main forms of deterioration in historical silver artifacts are tarnishing, formation of silver chloride due to long-term immersion in salt water, as well as reaction with nitrate ions or oxygen. Fresh silver chloride is pale yellow, becoming purplish on exposure to light; it projects slightly from the surface of the artifact or coin. The precipitation of copper in ancient silver can be used to date artifacts, as copper is nearly always a constituent of silver alloys.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Silver(I) sulfide, Ag2S, is very readily formed from its constituent elements and is the cause of the black tarnish on some old silver objects. It may also be formed from the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with silver metal or aqueous Ag+ ions. Many non-stoichiometric selenides and tellurides are known; in particular, AgTe~3 is a low-temperature superconductor.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: The only known dihalide of silver is the difluoride, AgF2, which can be obtained from the elements under heat. A strong yet thermally stable and therefore safe fluorinating agent, silver(II) fluoride is often used to synthesize hydrofluorocarbons.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: X− + "hν" → X + e− (excitation of the halide ion, which gives up its extra electron into the conduction band)

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: The process is not reversible because the silver atom liberated is typically found at a crystal defect or an impurity site, so that the electron's energy is lowered enough that it is "trapped".

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Yellow silver carbonate, Ag2CO3 can be easily prepared by reacting aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate with a deficiency of silver nitrate. Its principal use is for the production of silver powder for use in microelectronics. It is reduced with formaldehyde, producing silver free of alkali metals:

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Silver carbonate is also used as a reagent in organic synthesis such as the Koenigs-Knorr reaction. In the Fétizon oxidation, silver carbonate on celite acts as an oxidising agent to form lactones from diols. It is also employed to convert alkyl bromides into alcohols.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: The C–Ag bond is stabilized by perfluoroalkyl ligands, for example in AgCF(CF3)2. Alkenylsilver compounds are also more stable than their alkylsilver counterparts. Silver-NHC complexes are easily prepared, and are commonly used to prepare other NHC complexes by displacing labile ligands. For example, the reaction of the bis(NHC)silver(I) complex with bis(acetonitrile)palladium dichloride or chlorido(dimethyl sulfide)gold(I):

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: The chemical symbol Ag is from the Latin word for "silver", "argentum" (compare Ancient Greek ἄργυρος, "árgyros"), from the Proto-Indo-European root *"h₂erǵ-" (formerly reconstructed as "*arǵ-"), meaning "white" or "shining". This was the usual Proto-Indo-European word for the metal, whose reflexes are missing in Germanic and Balto-Slavic.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: The situation changed with the discovery of cupellation, a technique that allowed silver metal to be extracted from its ores. While slag heaps found in Asia Minor and on the islands of the Aegean Sea indicate that silver was being separated from lead as early as the 4th millennium BC, and one of the earliest silver extraction centres in Europe was Sardinia in the early Chalcolithic period, these techniques did not spread widely until later,

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: when it spread throughout the region and beyond. The origins of silver production in India, China, and Japan were almost certainly equally ancient, but are not well-documented due to their great age.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Silver plays a certain role in mythology and has found various usage as a metaphor and in folklore. The Greek poet Hesiod's "Works and Days" (lines 109–201) lists different ages of man named after metals like gold, silver, bronze and iron to account for successive ages of humanity. Ovid's "Metamorphoses" contains another retelling of the story, containing an illustration of silver's metaphorical use of signifying the second-best in a series, better than bronze but worse than gold:

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Silver also has more negative cultural meanings: the idiom thirty pieces of silver, referring to a reward for betrayal, references the bribe Judas Iscariot is said in the New Testament to have taken from Jewish leaders in Jerusalem to turn Jesus of Nazareth over to soldiers of the high priest Caiaphas. Ethically, silver also symbolizes greed and degradation of consciousness; this is the negative aspect, the perverting of its value.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Commercial-grade fine silver is at least 99.9% pure, and purities greater than 99.999% are available. In 2014, Mexico was the top producer of silver (5,000 tonnes or 18.7% of the world's total of 26,800 t), followed by China (4,060 t) and Peru (3,780 t).

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: The ratio between the amount of silver used for coinage and that used for other purposes has fluctuated greatly over time; for example, in wartime, more silver tends to have been used for coinage to finance the war.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Today, silver bullion has the ISO 4217 currency code XAG, one of only four precious metals to have one (the others being palladium, platinum, and gold). Silver coins are produced from cast rods or ingots, rolled to the correct thickness, heat-treated, and then used to cut blanks from. These blanks are then milled and minted in a coining press; modern coining presses can produce 8000 silver coins per hour.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Silver prices are normally quoted in troy ounces. One troy ounce is equal to . The London silver fix is published every working day at noon London time. This price is determined by several major international banks and is used by London bullion market members for trading that day. Prices are most commonly shown as the United States dollar (USD), the Pound sterling (GBP), and the Euro (EUR).

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Silver-containing brazing alloys are used for brazing metallic materials, mostly cobalt, nickel, and copper-based alloys, tool steels, and precious metals. The basic components are silver and copper, with other elements selected according to the specific application desired: examples include zinc, tin, cadmium, palladium, manganese, and phosphorus. Silver provides increased workability and corrosion resistance during usage.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: The use of silver nitrate and silver halides in photography has rapidly declined with the advent of digital technology. From the peak global demand for photographic silver in 1999 (267,000,000 troy ounces or 8,304.6 tonnes) the market contracted almost 70% by 2013.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Nanosilver particles, between 10 and 100 nanometres in size, are used in many applications. They are used in conductive inks for printed electronics, and have a much lower melting point than larger silver particles of micrometre size. They are also used medicinally in antibacterials and antifungals in much the same way as larger silver particles. In addition, according to the European Union Observatory for Nanomaterials (EUON), silver nanoparticles are used both in pigments, as well as cosmetics.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Pure silver metal is used as a food colouring. It has the E174 designation and is approved in the European Union. Traditional Indian and Pakistani dishes sometimes include decorative silver foil known as "vark", and in various other cultures, silver "dragée" are used to decorate cakes, cookies, and other dessert items.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: In large doses, silver and compounds containing it can be absorbed into the circulatory system and become deposited in various body tissues, leading to argyria, which results in a blue-grayish pigmentation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Argyria is rare, and so far as is known, does not otherwise harm a person's health, though it is disfiguring and usually permanent. Mild forms of argyria are sometimes mistaken for cyanosis, a blue tint on skin, caused by lack of oxygen.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Silver

Context: Metallic silver, like copper, is an antibacterial agent, which was known to the ancients and first scientifically investigated and named the oligodynamic effect by Carl Nägeli. Silver ions damage the metabolism of bacteria even at such low concentrations as 0.01–0.1 milligrams per litre; metallic silver has a similar effect due to the formation of silver oxide. This effect is lost in the presence of sulfur due to the extreme insolubility of silver sulfide.

Question: సిల్వర్ ఏ ఉష్ణోగ్రత వద్ద ద్రవరూపంలోకి మారుతుంది?


Punjab, India

Context: As Hindus believe that Dharma is universal and evolves with time, many Hindus also value other spiritual paths and religious traditions. They believe that any traditions that are equally able to nurture one's "Atman" should be accepted and taught. Hinduism itself encourages any being to reach their own self-realization either through Bhagavan or through other means of devotion and meditation.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: The ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, moved the Sikh community to Anandpur and travelled extensively to visit and preach in Sikh communities in defiance of Mughal rule. He aided Kashmiri Hindus in avoiding conversion to Islam and was arrested and confronted by Aurangzeb. When offered a choice between conversion or death, he chose to die and was executed.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: In 1762, there were persistent conflicts with the Sikhs. Vadda Ghalughara took place under the Muslim provincial government based at Lahore to wipe out the Sikhs, with 30,000 Sikhs being killed, an offensive that had begun with the Mughals, with the Chhota Ghallughara, and lasted several decades under its Muslim successor states. The rebuilt Harminder Sahib was destroyed, and the pool was filled with cow entrails, again.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: After Ranjit Singh's death in 1839, the empire was severely weakened by internal divisions and political mismanagement. This opportunity was used by the British Empire to launch the Anglo-Sikh Wars. A series of betrayals of the Sikhs by some prominent leaders in the army led to its downfall. Maharaja Gulab Singh and Raja Dhian Singh were the top generals of the army.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: The maximum temperatures usually occur in mid-May and June. The temperature remains above in the entire region during this period. Ludhiana recorded the highest maximum temperature at with Patiala and Amritsar recording . The maximum temperature during the summer in Ludhiana remains above for a duration of one and a half months. These areas experience the lowest temperatures in January. The sun rays are oblique during these months and the cold winds control the temperature at daytime.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: Temperature variation is minimal in January. The mean night and day temperatures fall to and , respectively.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: The monsoon begins to reduce by the second week of September. This brings a gradual change in climate and temperature. The time between October and November is the transitional period between monsoon and winter seasons. Weather during this period is generally temperate and dry.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: The effects of winter diminish by the first week of March. The hot summer season commences in mid-April. This period is marked by occasional showers with hail storms and squalls that cause extensive damage to crops. The winds remain dry and warm during the last week of March, commencing the harvest period.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: The winter season remains very cool with temperatures falling below freezing at some places. Winter also brings in some western disturbances. Rainfall in the winter provides relief to the farmers as some of the winter crops in the region of Shivalik Hills are entirely dependent on this rainfall. As per meteorological statistics, the sub-Shivalik area receives more than of rainfall in the winter months.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: The state bird is the northern goshawk (baz) ("Accipiter gentilis"), the state animal is the blackbuck ("Antilope cervicapra"), the state aquatic animal is Indus river dolphin ("Platanista minor"), and the state tree is the shisham ("Dalbergia sissoo").

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: These districts are officially divided among 5 administrative divisions: Faridkot, Ferozepur, Jalandhar, Patiala and Ropar(created on 31 December 2010, which was a part of Patiala Division earlier).

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: National highways passing through the state are ranked the best in the country with widespread road networks that serve isolated towns as well as the border region. Amritsar and Ludhiana are among several Indian cities that have the highest accident rates in India.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: There are also a bus rapid transit system Amritsar BRTS in the holy city of Amritsar, popularly known as 'Amritsar MetroBus'

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


Punjab, India

Context: The mystic folk songs and religious songs include the "Shalooks" of Sikh gurus, Baba Farid and others.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అయిదు నదులు ప్రవహించే రాష్ట్రము ఏది?


United States biofuel policies

Context: At current rates of production, the oil reserves in the Middle East are expected to be depleted in 85 years. Once the reserves in the U.S., China, and India are depleted, these countries will have to rely much more heavily on oil importation, putting more pressure on oil exporting areas of the world, and thus draining reserves in at a faster rate. The BP Statistical Review predicts the depletion of all the world's proven oil reserves in 45.7 years.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: In 2009, the world consumed of crude oil per day, which translates to a year. This is a vast mount of nonrenewable energy, and numerous alternative fuel options are being explored to replace this fossil fuel. Of all the options for new fuels, biofuels stand out as the most compatible. The other possible alternatives have a number of technological and economical hurdles that prevent them from being as feasible as biofuels.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Biofuels on the other hand, do not require new pumping infrastructure. With slight modifications, biofuels, which are a liquid fuel, can be compatible with the storage, transportation, distribution, and vehicle refueling infrastructure currently in existence. Since they are a combustible liquid, biofuels can be used in current internal combustion engines with some modifications.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: In September 2014, The American Petroleum Institute on Thursday accused the White House accused of attempting to use 2014 biofuel targets to influence a tight U.S. Senate race, stating that increase in the targets could raise the price of gasoline. The Renewable Fuel Standard requires increasing amounts of ethanol and biodiesel to be mixed into U.S. fuel supplies each year until 2022.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: One of the first legislative documents to directly address the need of biofuels and their development was the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (). This Act directed more studies to be done on biofuels as well as gave some guidance for federal programs for the increased implementation of biofuels.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Title IV makes 2 changes to existing laws in terms of alternative fuels. First, it amends the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 () to authorize appropriations for FY 1993 through 1995 for the alternative fuels truck commercial application program. Second, it amends the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act of 1972 () to reflect the provisions of this Act regarding the use of alternative motor fuels.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Title IV also makes changes for the Secretary of Transportation. It authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to enter into cooperative agreements and joint ventures with governmental and regional transit authorities of certain-sized urban areas to demonstrate the feasibility of commercial application of alternative fuels for motor vehicles used for mass transit (including school buses). The Secretary is directed to do 4 things:

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Title V – Availability and use of replacement fuels, alternative fuels, and alternative fueled private vehicles.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Title V sets forth a timetable for the acquisition of alternative-fueled vehicles by specified persons engaged in fuels transactions. It also sets forth specified fleet program purchase goals for alternative-fueled vehicles for specified calendar years (including mandatory State fleet programs), and sets forth civil penalties for violations of this Act.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: The next major legislative document to specifically deal with biofuels was the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (). It recommended new studies as well as gave Congress some more power in regulating the biofuel industry. It also made some large steps in encouraging the use of biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Section 932 of Subtitle C directs the Secretary to conduct a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for bioenergy. Areas of interest include: (1) biopower energy systems; (2) biofuels; (3) bioproducts; (4) integrated biorefineries that may produce biopower, biofuels, and bioproducts; and (5) cross-cutting research and development in feedstocks; (6) integrated biorefineries.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: For the Secretary of Energy, section 942 Instructs the Secretary to establish an incentive program for the production of cellulosic biofuels. This section prescribes procedural guidelines including auction and reverse auction procedures.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Subtitle D of Title XIII created a number of tax incentives for production of biofuels and other alternative fuel technologies.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Subtitle A of Title XV addresses ethanol and fuels for motor vehicles. This section created new programs and duties for federal agencies.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: The new program created by this Act in Section 1501 of this subtitle was the Renewable Fuel Standard. The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) requires the blending of renewable fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel in transportation fuels. It was later expanded upon by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ().

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Subtitle A also provides funding opportunities for areas related to biofuels. It provides for the generation of credits:

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Also provided are funding opportunities for research centers and universities. It authorizes appropriations for FY2005-FY2007 for a resource center to develop bioconversion technology using low-cost biomass for the production of ethanol at the Center for Biomass-Based Energy at the Mississippi State University and the Oklahoma State University.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Subtitle A provides instructions for two government agencies to fund research. The first agency addressed is the Environmental Protection Agency, directing the Administrator of the EPA to provide grants for research, development, and implementation of renewable fuel production technologies in specified states with low rates of ethanol production, including low rates of production of cellulosic biomass ethanol. In addition, Section 1514 directs the EPA Administrator to:

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (, H.R. 6) is an omnibus energy policy act. Of the sixteen titles contained within EISA four of them can be related to alternative fuels.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Part of promotion of alternative fuels is ensuring consumers understand the applicability of various fuels. This is done supported by EISA Title I which requires that the Secretary of Transportation to promulgate rules to require fuel compartments of alternative fueled vehicles to be labeled to indicate the types of fuels suitable for use in these vehicles, a final rule is to be issued by June 2011.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) allows automobile producers to receive credits towards CAFE requirements from production of alternative fueled vehicles. EISA Title I amends this program by extending issuance of credits for alternative fueled vehicles through 2019. Additionally, it Allows vehicles operating on a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum to be considered for CAFE credits; these vehicles were previously excluded.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Promotion of alternative fuels is also demonstrated through the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), which was set in EPAct 2005, in increased by EISA Title II to a total of in 2008 and in 2022.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Title II also allows amends the RFS by allowing for inclusion of all transportation fuels, except for those used in oceangoing vessels, to be used to meet these new requirements. Beginning in 2009, an increasing amount of these fuels must be sourced from something other than corn starch with 50% fewer greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This requirement is increased to of advanced biofuel by the year 2022.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Another area of particular interest is greenhouse gas emission reductions and energy consumption during production and use of alternative fuels. As such, EISA Title II requires the Department of Energy (DOE) to expand biological research and development program to include environmental effects, GHG reduction potential, and sustainable agriculture potential. > Furthermore, The Secretary of Energy is to develop tools for evaluating life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions from biofuels.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: In an effort to promote adoption of alternative fuels Title II includes requirements pertaining to consumer information including the establishment of an information center on biofuels and biorefineries by the Secretary of Energy. Also, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) must promulgate rules requiring retailer to label diesel pumps with percentage of biomass-based diesel for sale.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: EISA Title V prohibits federal agencies from procuring transportation fuels if their lifecycle emissions exceed those of petroleum-based fuels.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: In Title VIII Congress expresses its wish that renewable resources from agriculture and forestry provide at least 25% of all U.S. energy needs.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Title VII provides for increased funding for advanced biofuels research through the Agricultural Bioenergy Feedstock and Energy Efficiency Research and Extension Initiative (Section 7207). Additionally, the Sun Grant Program (Section 7526) found in Title VII provides support for and coordinate advanced biofuels research, extension, and development between government agencies, universities, and research institutes.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Title XV includes a number of trade and tax provisions including a tax credit of $1.01 per gallon for fuel blenders using certain cellulosic feedstocks. Also included is an amendment to the ethanol blender tax credit for general ethanol, reducing the tax credit from $0.51 to $0.45 per gallon (Section 15331). Finally, Title XV extends ethanol import tariff of $0.54 per gallons from its original expiration date of the end of 2008 to the end of 2010 (Section 15333).

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Public Law 110-343 is an Act of Congress signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush on October 3, 2008. The act was designed to mitigate the growing financial crisis of 2007–2010.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Its formal title is "An Act To provide authority for the Federal Government to purchase and insure certain types of troubled assets for the purposes of providing stability to and preventing disruption in the economy and financial system and protecting taxpayers, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide incentives for energy production and conservation, to extend certain expiring provisions, to provide individual income tax relief, and for other purposes."

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: The Act created a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). Public Law 110-343 contained three acts, which were classified as divisions of the larger act. These included The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (Division A), the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (Division B), and the Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008 (Division C).

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Section 1101 extends for three years the tax credit for producing electricity from wind, biomass, geothermal or solar, solid waste, and qualified hydropower facilities. Extends such credit for two years for marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy resources.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Section 1123 increases in 2009 and 2010 the tax credit for residential and commercial alternative fuel vehicle refueling property expenditures.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Two years later, Congress passed the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 () The provisions in the act amended the provisions in EPAct 2005 and expanded the biofuels blending mandate. The expanded RFS (referred to as RFS2)required the annual use of of biofuels in 2008 and expanded the mandate to 36

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: billion gallons annually in 2022. The Act included the provision that of the used, no more than could be corn-based ethanol. In addition, of the , no less than 16 billion must be from cellulosic biofuels. The act also contained provisions setting usage requirements for biodiesel.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Congress delegated the powers of establishing and implementing regulations relating to the RFS to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA is responsible for ensuring that the nation's transportation fuel supply contains the mandated biofuel volumes. EPA's initial regulations for administering RFS1 (issued in April 2007) established

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: With the expansion of the RFS under EISA 2007 came a system for categorizing biofuels. Each category has a specific volume mandate and lifecycle GHG emission reduction threshold. These categories are also subject to strict biomass feedstock criteria.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: be used, but also the land that these feedstocks are grown on. EISA excludes new farm land cultivated after December 19, 2007, as well as tree crops, tree residues, biomass materials obtained from federal lands, and range land.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land. The EPA determined that fuels produced from five categories of feedstocks qualify as renewable biomass:

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: As part of its final rule determination, the EPA included an analysis of the market and environmental

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: substantially lower volumes of direct greenhouse gases than fossil fuels when produced, harvested, and processed under the right circumstances.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: One of the difficulties associated with bioenergy is the need for a steady supply of biomass feedstocks. The BCAP was created with the intention of helping to relieve this problem.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: There are a number of states that have implemented laws and programs to influence the economics of alternative fuel production and market penetration.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: As of 2006, Demand for agriculture-based renewable energy is being promoted in part by state Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) which require utilities to produce a percentage of their energy from renewable sources. As of January 2006, 34 states had implemented RPSs requiring, at a minimum, that state vehicles utilize certain volumes or percentages of renewable fuels. Some states have taken the RPS a step further and applied it to all motor vehicles within a state.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: In addition to the large legislative documents dealing with biofuels there are also many rules and regulations created by federal agencies dealing specifically with biofuel development, creation, infrastructure, economy, efficiency, supply, and types of biofuel.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Several states have tax credits specifically geared towards selling and buying more ethanol and biodiesel. These can be applied to producers trying to make more biofuels and give them bonuses to sell more fuel. They can also be given to buyers to reduce prices at the pump. Since there are only a couple significant federally mandated tax credits for biofuels many states have their own set of incentives.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Table 1: The different types of tax credits from different states, as noted from the Department of Energy's State Incentives for Biodiesel database.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Many states have money set aside to specifically encourage the research of biofuels with the goals of increasing fuel efficiency and cost effectiveness. This money is given out in the form of grants and is usually awarded to universities, private companies, and government facilities conducting research on biofuels. These grants differ greatly by state.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Table 2: Grants and grant programs awarded to groups in each state from the US DOE database on Biodiesel Incentives and Laws

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: In addition to grants and tax incentives several states have other laws to encourage the use and production of biofuels. Many of these other laws require some type of conversion to alternative fuels for state vehicle fleets, or require some percentage of fuel within a state to come from a renewable source.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Table 3: The various laws and regulations dealing with biofuel standards, state fleets, and other alternative fuels, as pulled from the US DOE's database for state Laws and Incentives for Biodiesel. An "etc." denotes more than 4 specific laws and regulations

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: The rule making process differs from the legislative Acts of Congress. It requires much more public involvement and generally requires many rewrites of certain policies.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Federal regulations from different agencies are the results of Congress mandating the creation of standards for some type of industry. In this case Congress will have mandated programs in agencies such as the DOE, DOT, USDA, and FTC to regulate and encourage the production, distribution, and implementation of biofuels throughout the US.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: Every agency mandated by the federal government to work with some aspect of biofuel creation and implementation has several different responsibilities in regulating the biofuel industry. These include policies to encourage their development, regulate the mass production, reduce their costs, and promote biofuel in government vehicles.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: The DOE has created a number of programs intended to disseminate information regarding alternative fuels.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: The DOE is also responsible for administration of various financial incentive programs including the following.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: The EPA is responsible for administration of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) established by EPAct 2005 (P.L. 109-58) and amended by EISA 2007 (P.L. 110-140).

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


United States biofuel policies

Context: These responsibilities include promulgating rules detailing compliance standards for fuel suppliers and for establishing a system which allows renewable fuel credits to be traded between fuel suppliers.

Question: జాతీయ జీవ ఇంధన పాలసీ ను మొదట ఏ రాష్ట్రంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The history of Buddhism is also characterized by the development of numerous movements, schisms, and philosophical schools, among them the Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna traditions, with contrasting periods of expansion and retreat.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Early Buddhist Texts contain no continuous life of the Buddha, only later after 200 BCE were various "biographies" with much mythological embellishment written. All texts agree however that Gautama renounced the householder life and lived as a sramana ascetic for some time studying under various teachers, before attaining nirvana (extinguishment) and bodhi (awakening) through meditation.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The years following the death of the Buddha saw the emergence of many movements during the next 400 years: first the schools of Nikaya Buddhism, of which only Theravada remains today, and then the formation of Mahayana and Vajrayana, pan-Buddhist sects based on the acceptance of new scriptures and the revision of older techniques.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Followers of Buddhism, called Buddhists in English, referred to themselves as "Sakyan"-s or "Sakyabhiksu" in ancient India. Buddhist scholar Donald S. Lopez asserts they also used the term "Bauddha", although scholar Richard Cohen asserts that that term was used only by outsiders to describe Buddhists.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: After the death of the Buddha, the Buddhist sangha (monastic community) remained centered on the Ganges valley, spreading gradually from its ancient heartland. The canonical sources record various councils, where the monastic Sangha recited and organized the orally transmitted collections of the Buddha's teachings and settled certain disciplinary problems within the community. Modern scholarship has questioned the accuracy and historicity of these traditional accounts.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The first Buddhist council is traditionally said to have been held just after Buddha's Parinirvana, and presided over by Mahākāśyapa, one of his most senior disciples, at Rājagṛha (today's Rajgir) with the support of king Ajātasattu. According to Charles Prebish, almost all scholars have questioned the historicity of this first council.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: After an initial period of unity, divisions in the sangha or monastic community led to the first schism of the sangha into two groups: the Sthavira (Elders) and Mahasamghika (Great Sangha). Most scholars agree that the schism was caused by disagreements over points of vinaya (monastic discipline). Over time, these two monastic fraternities would further divide into various Early Buddhist Schools.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Sthaviras gave birth to a large number of influential schools including the Sarvāstivāda, the Pudgalavāda (also known as "Vatsīputrīya"), the Dharmaguptakas and the Vibhajyavāda (the Theravādins being descended from these).

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Mahasamghikas meanwhile also developed their own schools and doctrines early on, which can be seen in texts like the Mahavastu, associated with the Lokottaravāda, or ‘Transcendentalist’ school, who might be the same as the Ekavyāvahārikas or "One-utterancers". This school has been seen as foreshadowing certain Mahayana ideas, especially due to their view that all of Gautama Buddha's acts were "transcendental" or "supramundane", even those performed before his Buddhahood.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Another feature of Mauryan Buddhism was the worship and veneration of stupas, large mounds which contained relics (Pali: "sarīra") of the Buddha or other saints within. It was believed that the practice of devotion to these relics and stupas could bring blessings. Perhaps the best-preserved example of a Mauryan Buddhist site is the Great Stupa of Sanchi (dating from the 3rd century BCE).

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: According to the plates and pillars left by Aśoka (known as the Edicts of Ashoka), emissaries were sent to various countries in order to spread Buddhism, as far south as Sri Lanka and as far west as the Greek kingdoms, in particular the neighboring Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, and possibly even farther to the Mediterranean.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Theravadin sources state that Ashoka convened the third Buddhist council around 250 BCE at Pataliputra (today's Patna) with the elder Moggaliputtatissa. The objective of the council was to purify the Saṅgha, particularly from non-Buddhist ascetics who had been attracted by the royal patronage. Following the council, Buddhist missionaries were dispatched throughout the known world, as is recorded in some of the edicts of Ashoka.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: "The conquest by Dharma has been won here, on the borders, and even six hundred yojanas (5,400–9,600 km) away, where the Greek king Antiochos rules, beyond there where the four kings named Ptolemy, Antigonos, Magas and Alexander rule, likewise in the south among the Cholas, the Pandyas, and as far as Tamraparni (Sri Lanka)." (Edicts of Aśoka, 13th Rock Edict, S. Dhammika).

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Furthermore, according to the Mahavamsa (XII) some of Ashoka's emissaries were Greek (Yona), particularly one named Dhammarakkhita. He also issued edicts in the Greek language as well as in Aramaic. One of them, found in Kandahar, advocates the adoption of "piety" (using the Greek term "eusebeia" for Dharma) to the Greek community.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Buddhist gravestones from the Ptolemaic period have also been found in Alexandria, decorated with depictions of the Dharma wheel. The presence of Buddhists in Alexandria has even drawn the conclusion that they influenced monastic Christianity. In the 2nd century CE, the Christian dogmatist, Clement of Alexandria recognized Bactrian "śramanas" and Indian "gymnosophists" for their influence on Greek thought.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Although Mahāyāna Buddhism gained some influence in Sri Lanka as it was studied in Abhayagiri and Jetavana, the Mahavihara (“Great Monastery”) school became dominant in Sri Lanka following the reign of Parakramabahu I (1153–1186), who abolished the Abhayagiri and Jetavanin traditions.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Buddhist movement that became known as Mahayana (Great Vehicle) and also the Bodhisattvayana, began sometime between 150 BCE and 100 CE, drawing on both Mahasamghika and Sarvastivada trends. The earliest inscription which is recognizably Mahayana dates from 180 CE and is found in Mathura.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Mahayana emphasized the Bodhisattva path to full Buddhahood (in contrast to the spiritual goal of arhatship). It emerged as a set of loose groups associated with new texts named the Mahayana sutras. The Mahayana sutras promoted new doctrines, such as the idea that "there exist other Buddhas who are simultaneously preaching in countless other world-systems". In time Mahayana Bodhisattvas and also multiple Buddhas came to be seen as transcendental beneficent beings who were subjects of devotion.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Mahayana remained a minority among Indian Buddhists for some time, growing slowly until about half of all monks encountered by Xuanzang in 7th-century India were Mahayanists. Early Mahayana schools of thought included the Mādhyamaka, Yogācāra, and Buddha-nature ("Tathāgatagarbha") teachings. Mahayana is today the dominant form of Buddhism in East Asia and Tibet.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Modern historians, however, dispute this view in the light of literary and archaeological evidence. They opine that following Ashoka's sponsorship of Buddhism, it is possible that Buddhist institutions fell on harder times under the Shungas, but no evidence of active persecution has been noted. Etienne Lamotte observes: "To judge from the documents, Pushyamitra must be acquitted through lack of proof."

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: During the period, Buddhist monks deserted the Ganges valley, following either the northern road ("uttarapatha") or the southern road ("dakṣinapatha"). Conversely, Buddhist artistic creation stopped in the old Magadha area, to reposition itself either in the northwest area of Gandhāra and Mathura or in the southeast around Amaravati. Some artistic activity also occurred in central India, as in Bhārhut, to which the Shungas may or may not have contributed.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I (reigned c. 200–180 BCE) invaded the Indian Subcontinent, establishing an Indo-Greek kingdom that was to last in parts of Northwest South Asia until the end of the 1st century CE.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Buddhism flourished under the Indo-Greek and Greco-Bactrian kings. One of the most famous Indo-Greek kings is Menander (reigned c. 160–135 BCE). He may have converted to Buddhism and is presented in the Mahāyāna tradition as one of the great benefactors of the faith, on a par with king Aśoka or the later Kushan king Kaniśka. Menander's coins bear designs of the eight-spoked dharma wheel, a classic Buddhist symbol.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Kushan empire (30–375 CE) was formed by the invading Yuezhi nomads in the 1st century BCE. It eventually encompassed much of northern India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Kushans adopted elements of the Hellenistic culture of Bactria and the Indo-Greeks. During Kushan rule, Gandharan Buddhism was at the height of its influence and a significant number of Buddhist centers were built or renovated.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Buddhist art of Kushan Gandhara was a synthesis of Greco-Roman, Iranian and Indian elements. The Gandhāran Buddhist texts also date from this period. Written in Gāndhārī Prakrit, they are the oldest Buddhist manuscripts yet discovered (c. 1st century CE). According to Richard Salomon, most of them belong to the Dharmaguptaka school.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Emperor Kanishka (128–151 CE) is particularly known for his support of Buddhism. During his reign, stupas and monasteries were built in the Gandhāran city of Peshawar (Skt. "Purusapura"), which he used as a capital. Kushan royal support and the opening of trade routes allowed Gandharan Buddhism to spread along the Silk Road to Central Asia, the Tarim Basin and thus to China.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Central Asia was home to the international trade route known as the Silk Road, which carried goods between China, India, the Middle East and the Mediterranean world. Buddhism was present in this region from about the second-century BCE. Initially, the Dharmaguptaka school was the most successful in their efforts to spread Buddhism in Central Asia. The Kingdom of Khotan was one of the earliest Buddhist kingdoms in the area and helped transmit Buddhism from India to China.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: However, during the mid-seventh century, the Arab conquest of the Iranian Plateau followed by the Muslim conquests of Afghanistan and the later establishment of the Ghaznavid kingdom in Central Asia (c. 977–1186) led to the decline and eventual disappearance of Buddhism from most of these regions.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Many printed Buddhist texts from the region date to the Yuan, and they were printed in the Uyghur, Xixia and Sanskrit languages. The Uyghurs also restored cave temples and repainted Buddhist wall paintings such as at Bezeklik. Uyghur Buddhism was the last major Buddhist culture in Xinjiang and it lasted until the mid 14th century. After the Islamicisation of Xinjiang, Buddhism ceased to be a major religion there.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Buddhism continued to flourish in India during the Gupta Empire (4th–6th centuries) which brought order to much of north India. Gupta rulers such as Kumaragupta I (c. 414–455 CE) supported Buddhism. He enlarged Nālandā university, which became the largest and most influential Buddhist university in India for many centuries. Great Buddhist philosophers like Dignaga, and Dharmakirti taught philosophy there. Nalanda remained a central place for the study of epistemology (pramana).

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Another major Buddhist university was Valabhi, in western India, which was second only to Nalanda in the 5th century. This influential university was founded and supported by the Maitraka Dynasty. It was mainly a center of sravakayana Buddhism (that is, non-Mahayana), but was also a place for the study of numerous subjects including secular topics of higher education (such as medicine, logic and grammar).

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The influence of the Gupta style of Buddhist art spread along with the faith from south-east Asia to China. During this period, Chinese pilgrims also visited India to study Buddhism.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Under the Gupta and Pala empires, a Tantric Buddhist movement arose, variously named Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism. It promoted new practices such as the use of mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas and the visualization of deities and Buddhas and developed a new class of literature, the Buddhist Tantras. The movement can be traced back to groups of wandering yogis called mahasiddhas.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Some of the earliest known Buddhist artifacts found in China are small statues on "money trees", dated c. 200 CE, in typical Gandhāran drawing style. In the period between 460 and 525 CE during the Northern Wei dynasty, the Chinese constructed Yungang Grottoes, and the Longmen Grottoes which include some impressive monumental sculptures. In the fifth century, Chinese Buddhists also developed new schools and traditions, such as the Tiantai school, the Huayen school, the Pure Land school and Chan Buddhism.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Buddhism recovered during the Song Dynasty (960–1279), which is known as the "golden age" of Chan. During this period Chinese Chan influenced Korean and Japanese Buddhism. Pure Land Buddhism also became popular during this period and was often practiced together with Chan. It was also during the Song that the entire Chinese Buddhist canon was printed using over 130,000 wooden printing blocks.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: During the Yuan Dynasty, Tibetan Buddhism became the state religion. During the Ming (1368–1644), the Chan school became the dominant tradition in China and all monks were affiliated with Chan. In the 17th century, Buddhism was spread to Taiwan by Chinese immigrants.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: During the late Nara, the key figures of Kūkai (774–835) and Saichō (767–822) founded the influential Japanese schools of Shingon and Tendai, respectively. An important doctrine for these schools was "hongaku" (innate awakening or original enlightenment), a doctrine which was influential for all subsequent Japanese Buddhism. Buddhism also influenced the Japanese religion of Shinto, which incorporated Buddhist elements.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: During the later Kamakura period (1185–1333), there were six new Buddhist schools founded which competed with the older Nara schools and are known as "New Buddhism" ("Shin Bukkyō") or "Kamakura Buddhism." They include the influential Pure Land schools of Hōnen (1133–1212) and Shinran (1173–1263), the Rinzai and Soto schools of Zen founded by Eisai (1141–1215) and Dōgen (1200–1253) as well as the Lotus Sutra school of Nichiren (1222–1282).

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Japanese Buddhist art was especially productive between the 8th and 13th centuries during Nara period (710–794), Heian period (794–1185) and Kamakura period (1185–1333). Buddhism, especially Zen, remained culturally influential during the Ashikaga period (1333–1573) and the Tokugawa era (1603–1867).

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: In the Indonesian island of Java, Indianized kingdoms like the Kalingga Kingdom (6–7th centuries) were destinations for Chinese monks seeking out Buddhist texts. The Malay Srivijaya (650–1377), a maritime empire centered on the island of Sumatra, adopted Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna Buddhism and spread Buddhism to Java, Malaya and other regions they conquered.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: In the island of Java, another kingdom also promoted Mahayana Buddhist culture, the Medang Kingdom (732–1006), a major rival of Srivijaya. They are known for their monumental temple construction, especially the massive Borobudur, as well as Kalasan, Sewu, and Prambanan. Indonesian Buddhism, alongside Hinduism, continued to thrive under the Majapahit Empire (1293–1527), but was completely replaced by Islam afterward.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The lands of the Mon and Pyu peoples in Myanmar show extensive evidence of Theravada presence in the Irrawaddy and Chao Phraya basins from the 5th century CE onwards. Theravada Buddhism in Burma initially coexisted with other forms of Buddhism and other religions. After the decline of Buddhism in the Indian mainland, Theravada Buddhist monks from Sri Lanka mounted missionary efforts in Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos, and they were successful in converting all these regions to Theravada Buddhism.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The modern era brought new challenges to the Buddhist religion such as the colonization of traditionally Buddhist Asian countries by Western states, which weakened the traditional political structures which supported the religion, as well as criticism and competition from Christianity. Modern wars, communist anti-religious pressure, the growth of capitalism, modern science and regional political instability are also influential pressures on modern Buddhism.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: In British Ceylon, Christian missionaries ran all the state-approved schools and commonly criticized Buddhist beliefs. By 1865, Buddhist monks began a counter movement against Christian attacks, printing pamphlets and debating Christians in public, such as at the famous Panadura debate in 1873, which saw the monk Gunananda win a debate in front of a crowd of 10,000.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: This society helped usher in a revival of Buddhism in India, where Buddhism became popular among some Indian intellectuals. One of these was the lawyer B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956), leader of the Dalit Buddhist movement, who urged low caste Indian Dalits to convert to Buddhism. Other Indian figures include Rahul Sankrityayan (1893-1963), Dharmanand Kosambi (1876-1941) and Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Thailand, which was the only country to avoid colonization, had two important Buddhist kings, who pushed for modernization and reformation of the Buddhist sangha. They were King Mongkut (r. 1851–68), and his son King Chulalongkorn (r. 1868–1910), who were responsible for several key modern reforms of Thai Buddhism. Two recent Thai modernist movements are the monastic revival of the Thai forest tradition and the Wat Phra Dhammakāya movement.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: From 1893, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos were all French colonies. The Communists came to power in Laos in 1975. There was no widespread repression of the Buddhist sangha, but the communist government has sought to control the Sangha and use it as a tool to spread its ideology. In Cambodia however, the communist terror of the Khmer Rouge during 1975–79 caused much damage to the Buddhist sangha.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Korean Buddhism suffered a series of setbacks during the Japanese invasions, occupation, and also during the Korean war. North Korea's harsh government nevertheless offers some limited support to the sangha, but it closely controls all activity. In South Korea, Buddhism underwent a revival, with youth groups being influential and temples being rebuilt with government aid. An example of a recent modern form of Korean Buddhism is Won Buddhism.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: During the Red Guard period (1966–67), Chinese communists destroyed around 6,000 monasteries in Tibet along with their art and books, an attempt to wipe out the Tibetan Buddhist culture. After 1980, Chinese repression of Tibetan Buddhism has decreased and the situation has improved with the reprinting of the Tibetan Canon and some artistic restoration. In the nearby countries of Bhutan, and Nepal, Vajrayana Buddhism continues to flourish as a major religion.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: In Mongolia, which also has Tibetan Buddhism as its main religion, communist rule (between 1924 and 1990) saw much repression of Buddhism. However, Buddhism is now undergoing a revival in post-communist Mongolia, with more ordained monks and nuns, and with 284 monasteries since 2009. More recent liberal attitudes towards religion has also benefited the Buddhists of Tuva and Buryatia, as well as the Chinese region of Inner Mongolia.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: Another modern development was the founding of the Kalmyk Khanate in the 17th century with Tibetan Buddhism as its main religion. During the course of the 18th century, they were absorbed by the Russian Empire as Kalmykia, which remains a federal subject of Russia with a majority Buddhist religion.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The late 19th century also saw the first-known modern western conversions to Buddhism, including leading Theosophists Henry Steel Olcott and Helena Blavatsky in 1880 in Sri Lanka. The Theosophical Society was very influential in popularizing Indian religions in the west. The 19th century also saw the first western monastics such as U Dhammaloka, Ananda Metteyya and the German Nyānatiloka Thera (1878–1956).

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Tibetan diaspora has also been active in promoting Tibetan Buddhism in the West. All of the four major Tibetan Buddhist schools have a presence in the West and have attracted Western converts. The number of its adherents is estimated to be between ten and twenty million.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The Theravada tradition has established various temples in the West, especially among immigrant communities in the US. Theravada vipassana meditation was also established in the West, through the founding of institutions like the Insight Meditation Society in 1975 and the vipassana centers of S. N. Goenka. The Thai forest tradition has also established communities in the US and in the UK. In the UK, the Triratna Buddhist Community arose as a new modern Buddhist movement.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: In Continental Europe, interest in Buddhism also increased during the late 20th century, with an exponential increase in Buddhist groups in countries like Germany. In France and Spain, Tibetan Buddhism has the largest following. Tibetan, East Asian and Theravada traditions are now also present and active in Australia and New Zealand. Tibetan and Zen Buddhism also have established a small presence in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Venezuela.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


History of Buddhism

Context: The expansion of Buddhism to the west in the 20th century has made the religion a worldwide phenomenon.

Question: బౌద్ధ మతాన్ని స్థాపించింది ఎవరు?


National Human Rights Commission of India

Context: The sitting Judge of the Supreme Court or sitting Chief Justice of any High Court can be appointed only after the consultation with the Chief Justice of India.

Question: భారతదేశం లో మానవ హక్కుల చట్టం ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Context: Arun Kumar Mishra, a former Judge of Supreme Court is current chairperson of the commission (11th chairperson of NHRC). The last chairman of the NHRC was Justice H. L. Dattu, who completed his tenure on 2 December 2020. The other members are:

Question: భారతదేశం లో మానవ హక్కుల చట్టం ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Context: A state government may constitute a body known as the Human Rights Commission of that State to exercise the powers conferred upon, and to perform the functions assigned to, a State Commission. In accordance with the amendment brought in TPHRA,1993 point No.10 below is the list of State Human Rights Commissions formed to perform the functions of the commission as stated under chapter V of TPHRA,1993 (with amendment act 2006). At present, 25 states have constituted SHRC

Question: భారతదేశం లో మానవ హక్కుల చట్టం ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Context: Section 2, 3 and 4 of TPHRA lay down the rules for appointment to the NHRC. The Chairperson and members of the NHRC are appointed by the President of India, on the recommendation of a committee consisting of:

Question: భారతదేశం లో మానవ హక్కుల చట్టం ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Context: A report concerning the manner in which the Shivani Bhatnagar murder case was rejected, a case involving high-ranking officials, opened the organisation up to questioning over the usefulness of human rights commissions set up by the government at the national and state levels.

Question: భారతదేశం లో మానవ హక్కుల చట్టం ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Context: NHRC held that 16 out of 19 police encounters with suspected Maoists in Guntur and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh, prior to 2002 were fake and recommended to Government payment of compensation of Rs 5 lakh each to the kin of the families.

Question: భారతదేశం లో మానవ హక్కుల చట్టం ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Languages with official status in India

Context: States can specify their own official language(s) through legislation. The section of the Constitution of India dealing with official languages, therefore, includes detailed provisions which deal not just with the languages used for the official purposes of the union, but also with the languages that are to be used for the official purposes of each state and union territory in the country, and the languages that are to be used for communication between the union and the states.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Context: The legal framework governing the use of languages for official purpose currently is , the Official Language Rules, 1976, and various state laws, as well as rules and regulations made by the central government and the states.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Context: Department of Official Language was set up in June 1975 as an independent Department of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Context: The constitution provides, and the Supreme Court of India has reiterated, that all proceedings in the Supreme Court (the country's highest court) and the High Courts shall be in English. Parliament has the power to alter this by law but has not done so. However, in many high courts, there is, with consent from the president, allowance of the optional use of Hindi. Such proposals have been successful in the states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Context: Besides, every person submitting a petition for the redress of a grievance to a government officer or authority has a constitutional right to submit it in any language used in India.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Context: Various steps have been taken by the Indian government to implement the use and familiarisation of Hindi extensively. Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha headquartered at Chennai was formed to spread Hindi in South Indian states. Regional Hindi implementation offices at Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram, Mumbai, Kolkata, Guwahati, Bhopal, Delhi and Ghaziabad have been established to monitor the implementation of Hindi in Central government offices and PSUs.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Context: In 2016, the government announced plans to promote Hindi in government offices in Southern and Northeast India.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Context: The Indian constitution does not specify the official languages to be used by the states for the conduct of their official functions and leaves each state free to, through its legislature, adopt Hindi or any language used in its territory as its official language or languages. The language need not be one of those listed in the Eighth Schedule, and several states have adopted official languages which are not so listed. Examples include Kokborok in Tripura and Mizo in Mizoram.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Context: The state has the right to regulate the use of its official language in public administration, and in general, neither the constitution nor any central enactment imposes any restriction on this right. However, every person submitting a petition for the redress of a grievance to any officer or authority of the state government has a constitutional right to submit it in any language used in that state, regardless of its official status.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Languages with official status in India

Context: Each official language has a designated official script using which it is written for official purposes.

Question: 1950 నాటికి భారతదేశంలో వాడుకలో గల భాషలు ఎన్ని?


Deolali transit camp

Context: The complex was transferred to the Indian Army after Indian Independence in 1947 and was used as an artillery school and depot for at least 10 artillery and service corps units. It also hosted an army records office and an aerial observation squadron. During the period leading up to independence the camp was known as the "Homeward Bound Trooping Depot" and was used to return large numbers of British troops and their families back home as British forces withdrew from the country.

Question: ఆంగ్లేయులు భారతదేశంలో మొదటగా స్థావరాన్ని ఎక్కడ ఏర్పరచుకున్నారు ?


Deolali transit camp

Context: The soldiers' name for the camp, "Doolally", became a slang term associated with mental illness. The term is a contraction of the original form "Doolally tap", where the latter part is derived from "tapa" ("fever" in Hindustani and "heat" or "torment" in Sanskrit). The whole phrase is perhaps best translated as "camp fever". The term was in use from the late 19th century and the contracted form was dominant by the First World War.

Question: ఆంగ్లేయులు భారతదేశంలో మొదటగా స్థావరాన్ని ఎక్కడ ఏర్పరచుకున్నారు ?


Deolali transit camp

Context: The camp had a sanatorium (military hospital) but, despite its reputation, there was never a dedicated psychiatric hospital there. Cases of mental illness were instead confined to the military prison or sent to dedicated hospitals elsewhere in the country.

Question: ఆంగ్లేయులు భారతదేశంలో మొదటగా స్థావరాన్ని ఎక్కడ ఏర్పరచుకున్నారు ?


Child marriage in India

Context: Several states of India have introduced incentives to delay marriages. For example, the state of Haryana introduced the so-called "Apni Beti, Apna Dhan" program in 1994, which translates to "My daughter, My wealth". It is a conditional cash transfer program dedicated to delaying young marriages by providing a government paid bond in her name, payable to her parents, in the amount of , after her 18th birthday if she is not married.

Question: భారతదేశంలో పురుషుని కనీస వివాహ వయసు ఎంత?


Child marriage in India

Context: Child marriage is a complex subject under Indian law. It was defined by The Child Marriage Restraint Act in 1929, which set the minimum age of marriage for females to be 14 and males 18. The law was opposed by Muslims and subsequently superseded for Muslims of British India by the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937, which implied no minimum limit and allowed parental or guardian consent in case of Muslim marriages.

Question: భారతదేశంలో పురుషుని కనీస వివాహ వయసు ఎంత?


Child marriage in India

Context: UNICEF defines child marriage as a formal marriage or informal union before 18 years of age, because it can lead to a lifetime of suffering for girls who are more likely to experience domestic violence or die due to complications in pregnancy and childbirth. UN Women proposes that child marriage be defined as a forced marriage because they believe children under age are incapable of giving a legally valid consent.

Question: భారతదేశంలో పురుషుని కనీస వివాహ వయసు ఎంత?


Child marriage in India

Context: According to UNICEF report published in 2005–06, child marriage rates in India were estimated to be around 47%. This figure declined to 27% in 2015–16 according to a new report published by UNICEF. UNICEF also reported that the child marriage was wide spread in three Indian states (Rajasthan, Bihar and West Bengal) and there is a 40% prevalence of child marriage in these states.

Question: భారతదేశంలో పురుషుని కనీస వివాహ వయసు ఎంత?


Child marriage in India

Context: Javier Aguilar, UNICEF’s chief of child protection, stated that the India accounts for the highest number of child marriages in South Asia given its size and population.

Question: భారతదేశంలో పురుషుని కనీస వివాహ వయసు ఎంత?


Child marriage in India

Context: Various other High courts in India – including the Gujarat High Court, the Karnataka High Court and the Madras High Court – have ruled that the act prevails over any personal law (including Muslim personal law).

Question: భారతదేశంలో పురుషుని కనీస వివాహ వయసు ఎంత?


Child marriage in India

Context: Girls who marry earlier in life are less likely to be informed about reproductive issues, and because of this, pregnancy-related deaths are known to be the leading cause of mortality among married girls between 15 and 19 years of age. These girls are twice more likely to die in childbirth than girls between 20 and 24 years of age. Girls younger than 15 years of age are 5 times more likely to die in childbirth.

Question: భారతదేశంలో పురుషుని కనీస వివాహ వయసు ఎంత?


Child marriage in India

Context: Infants born to mothers under the age of 18 are 60% more likely to die in their first year than to mothers over the age of 19. If the children survive, they are more likely to suffer from low birth weight, malnutrition, and late physical and cognitive development.

Question: భారతదేశంలో పురుషుని కనీస వివాహ వయసు ఎంత?


Child marriage in India

Context: Young girls in a child marriage are more likely to experience domestic violence in their marriages as opposed to older women. A study conducted in India by the International Centre for Research on Women showed that girls married before 18 years of age are twice as likely to be beaten, slapped, or threatened by their husbands and three times more likely to experience sexual violence. Young brides often show symptoms of sexual abuse and post-traumatic stress.

Question: భారతదేశంలో పురుషుని కనీస వివాహ వయసు ఎంత?


Genetically modified organism

Context: Even greater inconsistency and confusion is associated with various "Non-GMO" or "GMO-free" labelling schemes in food marketing, where even products such as water or salt, which do not contain any organic substances and genetic material (and thus cannot be genetically modified by definition), are being labelled to create an impression of being "more healthy".

Question: మనుషులు సృష్టించిన తొలి జీవి ఏది ?


Genetically modified organism

Context: Creating a genetically modified organism (GMO) is a multi-step process. Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism. This gene can be taken from a cell or artificially synthesized. If the chosen gene or the donor organism's genome has been well studied it may already be accessible from a genetic library. The gene is then combined with other genetic elements, including a promoter and terminator region and a selectable marker.

Question: మనుషులు సృష్టించిన తొలి జీవి ఏది ?


Genetically modified organism

Context: A number of techniques are available for inserting the isolated gene into the host genome. Bacteria can be induced to take up foreign DNA, usually by exposed heat shock or electroporation. DNA is generally inserted into animal cells using microinjection, where it can be injected through the cell's nuclear envelope directly into the nucleus, or through the use of viral vectors. In plants the DNA is often inserted using "Agrobacterium"-mediated recombination, biolistics or electroporation.

Question: మనుషులు సృష్టించిన తొలి జీవి ఏది ?


Genetically modified organism

Context: As only a single cell is transformed with genetic material, the organism must be regenerated from that single cell. In plants this is accomplished through tissue culture. In animals it is necessary to ensure that the inserted DNA is present in the embryonic stem cells. Further testing using PCR, Southern hybridization, and DNA sequencing is conducted to confirm that an organism contains the new gene.

Question: మనుషులు సృష్టించిన తొలి జీవి ఏది ?


Genetically modified organism

Context: A mushroom has been gene edited to resist browning, giving it a longer shelf life. The process used CRISPR to knock out a gene that encodes polyphenol oxidase. As it didn't introduce any foreign DNA into the organism it was not deemed to be regulated under existing GMO frameworks and as such is the first CRISPR-edited organism to be approved for release. This has intensified debates as to whether gene-edited organisms should be considered genetically modified organisms and how they should be regulated.

Question: మనుషులు సృష్టించిన తొలి జీవి ఏది ?


Genetically modified organism

Context: Genetically modified crops have been proposed as one of the ways to reduce farming-related CO2 emissions due to higher yield, reduced use of pesticides, reduced use of tractor fuel and no tilage. According to a 2021 study, in EU alone widespread adoption of GE crops would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 33 million tons of CO2 equivalent or 7.5% of total farming-related emissions.

Question: మనుషులు సృష్టించిన తొలి జీవి ఏది ?


Genetically modified organism

Context: Genetically modified fish are used for scientific research, as pets and as a food source. Aquaculture is a growing industry, currently providing over half the consumed fish worldwide. Through genetic engineering it is possible to increase growth rates, reduce food intake, remove allergenic properties, increase cold tolerance and provide disease resistance. Fish can also be used to detect aquatic pollution or function as bioreactors.

Question: మనుషులు సృష్టించిన తొలి జీవి ఏది ?


Heart rate

Context: There are many ways in which the heart rate speeds up or slows down. Most involve stimulant-like endorphins and hormones being released in the brain, some of which are those that are 'forced'/'enticed' out by the ingestion and processing of drugs such as cocaine or atropine.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: This section discusses target heart rates for healthy persons, which would be inappropriately high for most persons with coronary artery disease.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Norepinephrine binds to the beta–1 receptor. High blood pressure medications are used to block these receptors and so reduce the heart rate.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: There is a similar reflex, called the atrial reflex or Bainbridge reflex, associated with varying rates of blood flow to the atria. Increased venous return stretches the walls of the atria where specialized baroreceptors are located. However, as the atrial baroreceptors increase their rate of firing and as they stretch due to the increased blood pressure, the cardiac center responds by increasing sympathetic stimulation and inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation to increase HR. The opposite is also true.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Increased metabolic byproducts associated with increased activity, such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and lactic acid, plus falling oxygen levels, are detected by a suite of chemoreceptors innervated by the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. These chemoreceptors provide feedback to the cardiovascular centers about the need for increased or decreased blood flow, based on the relative levels of these substances.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Using a combination of autorhythmicity and innervation, the cardiovascular center is able to provide relatively precise control over the heart rate, but other factors can impact on this. These include hormones, notably epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroid hormones; levels of various ions including calcium, potassium, and sodium; body temperature; hypoxia; and pH balance.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: In general, increased levels of the thyroid hormones (thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)), increase the heart rate; excessive levels can trigger tachycardia. The impact of thyroid hormones is typically of a much longer duration than that of the catecholamines. The physiologically active form of triiodothyronine, has been shown to directly enter cardiomyocytes and alter activity at the level of the genome. It also impacts the beta adrenergic response similar to epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Calcium ion levels have a great impact on heart rate and contractility: increased calcium levels cause an increase in both. High levels of calcium ions result in hypercalcemia and excessive levels can induce cardiac arrest. Drugs known as calcium channel blockers slow HR by binding to these channels and blocking or slowing the inward movement of calcium ions.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Caffeine and nicotine are both stimulants of the nervous system and of the cardiac centres causing an increased heart rate. Caffeine works by increasing the rates of depolarization at the SA node, whereas nicotine stimulates the activity of the sympathetic neurons that deliver impulses to the heart.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: In regard to the characters present onstage, a reduced startle response has been associated with a passive defense, and the diminished initial heart rate response has been predicted to have a greater tendency to dissociation. Current evidence suggests that heart rate variability can be used as an accurate measure of psychological stress and may be used for an objective measurement of psychological stress.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Heart muscle relies exclusively on aerobic metabolism for energy. Severe myocardial infarction (commonly called a heart attack) can lead to a decreasing heart rate, since metabolic reactions fueling heart contraction are restricted.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: A study shows that bottlenose dolphins can learn – apparently via instrumental conditioning – to rapidly and selectively slow down their heart rate during diving for conserving oxygen depending on external signals. In humans regulating heart rate by methods such as listening to music, meditation or a vagal maneuver takes longer and only lowers the rate to a much smaller extent.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Heart rate is not a stable value and it increases or decreases in response to the body's need in a way to maintain an equilibrium (basal metabolic rate) between requirement and delivery of oxygen and nutrients. The normal SA node firing rate is affected by autonomic nervous system activity: sympathetic stimulation increases and parasympathetic stimulation decreases the firing rate. A number of different metrics are used to describe heart rate.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: The theoretical maximum heart rate of a human is 300bpm, however there have been multiple cases where this theoretical upper limit has been exceeded. The fastest human ventricular conduction rate recorded to this day is a conducted tachyarrhythmia with ventricular rate of 480 beats per minute, which is comparable to the heart rate of a mouse.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Based on measurements of 3320 healthy men and women aged between 19 and 89, and including the potential modifying effect of gender, body composition, and physical activity, Nes "et al" found:

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: This relationship was found to hold the substantially regardless of gender, physical activity status, maximal oxygen uptake, smoking, or body mass index. However, a standard error

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: of the estimate of 10.8 beats/min must be accounted for when applying the formula to clinical settings, and the researchers concluded that actual measurement via a maximal test may be preferable whenever possible.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: In 2007, researchers at the Oakland University analyzed maximum heart rates of 132 individuals recorded yearly over 25 years, and produced a linear equation very similar to the Tanaka formula, HRmax = 207 − (0.7 × age), and a nonlinear equation, HRmax = 192 − (0.007 × age2). The linear equation had a confidence interval of ±5–8 bpm and the nonlinear equation had a tighter range of ±2–5 bpm

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Notwithstanding the research of Tanaka, Monahan, & Seals, the most widely cited formula for HRmax (which contains no reference to any standard deviation) is still:

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: While it is the most common (and easy to remember and calculate), this particular formula is not considered by reputable health and fitness professionals to be a good predictor of HRmax. Despite the widespread publication of this formula, research spanning two decades reveals its large inherent error, Sxy = 7–11 bpm. Consequently, the estimation calculated by   HRmax = 220 − age   has neither the accuracy nor the scientific merit for use in exercise physiology and related fields.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Yet, it is common practice to use 85% of the predicted HRmax (Haskel & Fox) to evaluate chronotropic response to exercise. An ongoing study has found that the 5th percentil of the study cohort maximal heart rate correlates much better with the 85% of predicted HRmax (Haskel & Fox) than the 5th percentil of the study cohort heart rate reserve to the 80% of the predicted heart rate reserve.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: A 2002 study of 43 different formulas for HRmax (including that of Haskell and Fox – see above) published in the Journal of Exercise Psychology concluded that:

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: This had a standard deviation that, although large (6.4 bpm), was considered acceptable for prescribing exercise training HR ranges.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Research conducted at Northwestern University by Martha Gulati, et al., in 2010 suggested a maximum heart rate formula for women:

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Maximum heart rates vary significantly between individuals. Even within a single elite sports team, such as Olympic rowers in their 20s, maximum heart rates have been reported as varying from 160 to 220. Such a variation would equate to a 60 or 90 year age gap in the linear equations above, and would seem to indicate the extreme variation about these average figures.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Figures are generally considered averages, and depend greatly on individual physiology and fitness. For example, an endurance runner's rates will typically be lower due to the increased size of the heart required to support the exercise, while a sprinter's rates will be higher due to the improved response time and short duration. While each may have predicted heart rates of 180 (= 220 − age), these two people could have actual HRmax 20 beats apart (e.g., 170–190).

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Further, note that individuals of the same age, the same training, in the same sport, on the same team, can have actual HRmax 60 bpm apart (160–220): the range is extremely broad, and some say "The heart rate is probably the least important variable in comparing athletes."

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: "Heart rate reserve" (HRreserve) is the difference between a person's measured or predicted maximum heart rate and resting heart rate. Some methods of measurement of exercise intensity measure percentage of heart rate reserve. Additionally, as a person increases their cardiovascular fitness, their HRrest will drop, and the heart rate reserve will increase. Percentage of HRreserve is equivalent to percentage of VO2 reserve.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: The "Karvonen method" factors in resting heart rate (HRrest) to calculate target heart rate (THR), using a range of 50–85% intensity:

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: An alternative to the Karvonen method is the "Zoladz method", which is used to test an athlete's capabilities at specific heart rates. These are not intended to be used as exercise zones, although they are often used as such. The Zoladz test zones are derived by subtracting values from HRmax:

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Heart rate recovery (HRR) is the reduction in heart rate at peak exercise and the rate as measured after a cool-down period of fixed duration. A greater reduction in heart rate after exercise during the reference period is associated with a higher level of cardiac fitness.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: The human heart begins beating at a rate near the mother's, about 75–80 beats per minute (bpm). The embryonic heart rate then accelerates linearly for the first month of beating, peaking at 165–185 bpm during the early 7th week, (early 9th week after the LMP). This acceleration is approximately 3.3 bpm per day, or about 10 bpm every three days, an increase of 100 bpm in the first month.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: After peaking at about 9.2 weeks after the LMP, it decelerates to about 150 bpm (+/-25 bpm) during the 15th week after the LMP. After the 15th week the deceleration slows reaching an average rate of about 145 (+/-25 bpm) bpm at term. The regression formula which describes this acceleration before the embryo reaches 25 mm in crown-rump length or 9.2 LMP weeks is:

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Heart rate is measured by finding the pulse of the heart. This pulse rate can be found at any point on the body where the artery's pulsation is transmitted to the surface by pressuring it with the index and middle fingers; often it is compressed against an underlying structure like bone. The thumb should not be used for measuring another person's heart rate, as its strong pulse may interfere with the correct perception of the target pulse.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Heart rate monitors allow measurements to be taken continuously and can be used during exercise when manual measurement would be difficult or impossible (such as when the hands are being used). Various commercial heart rate monitors are also available. Some monitors, used during sport, consist of a chest strap with electrodes. The signal is transmitted to a wrist receiver for display.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Pulse oximetry of the finger and laser Doppler imaging of the eye fundus are often used in the clinics. Those techniques can assess the heart rate by measuring the delay between pulses.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Tachycardia is a resting heart rate more than 100 beats per minute. This number can vary as smaller people and children have faster heart rates than average adults.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Trained athletes tend to have slow resting heart rates, and resting bradycardia in athletes should not be considered abnormal if the individual has no symptoms associated with it. For example, Miguel Indurain, a Spanish cyclist and five time Tour de France winner, had a resting heart rate of 28 beats per minute, one of the lowest ever recorded in a healthy human. Daniel Green achieved the world record for the slowest heartbeat in a healthy human with a heart rate of just 26 bpm in 2014.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Arrhythmias are abnormalities of the heart rate and rhythm (sometimes felt as palpitations). They can be divided into two broad categories: fast and slow heart rates. Some cause few or minimal symptoms. Others produce more serious symptoms of lightheadedness, dizziness and fainting.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: Standard textbooks of physiology and medicine mention that heart rate (HR) is readily calculated from the ECG as follows: HR = 1000*60/RR interval in milliseconds, HR = 60/RR interval in seconds, or HR = 300/number of large squares between successive R waves. In each case, the authors are actually referring to instantaneous HR, which is the number of times the heart would beat if successive RR intervals were constant.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


Heart rate

Context: A very slow heart rate (bradycardia) may be associated with heart block. It may also arise from autonomous nervous system impairment.

Question: ఒక వ్యక్తి గుండె గంటకు  సగటుగా ఎన్ని సార్లు కొట్టుకుంటుంది ?


New York City

Context: In 1664, the city was named in honor of the Duke of York, who would become King James II of England. James's elder brother, King Charles II, appointed the Duke proprietor of the former territory of New Netherland, including the city of New Amsterdam, when England seized it from Dutch control.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?