Operation Overlord

Context: Many cities and towns in Normandy were totally devastated by the fighting and bombings. By the end of the Battle of Caen there remained only 8,000 liveable quarters for a population of over 60,000. Of the 18 listed churches in Caen, four were seriously damaged and five were destroyed, along with 66 other listed monuments. In the Calvados department (location of the Normandy beachhead), 76,000 citizens were rendered homeless. Of Caen's 210 pre-war Jewish population, only one survived the war.

Question: 노르망디 상륙작전을 지휘했던 지휘관은 누구인가?


Operation Overlord

Context: Looting was perpetrated by all sides: the retreating Germans, the invading Allies, and the local French population. Looting was never condoned by Allied forces, and those who were found to be looting were punished.

Question: 노르망디 상륙작전을 지휘했던 지휘관은 누구인가?


Operation Overlord

Context: The beaches of Normandy are still known by their invasion code names. Significant places have plaques, memorials, or small museums, and guide books and maps are available. Some of the German strong points remain preserved; Pointe du Hoc, in particular, is little changed from 1944. The remains of Mulberry harbour B still sits in the sea at Arromanches. Several large cemeteries in the area serve as the final resting place for many of the Allied and German soldiers killed in the Normandy campaign.

Question: 노르망디 상륙작전을 지휘했던 지휘관은 누구인가?


Operation Overlord

Context: Above the English channel on a bluff at Omaha Beach, the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial has hosted numerous visitors each year. The site covers 172.5 acres and contains the remains of 9,388 American military dead, most of whom were killed during the invasion of Normandy and ensuing military operations in World War II. Included are graves of Army Air Corps crews shot down over France as early as 1942 and four American women.

Question: 노르망디 상륙작전을 지휘했던 지휘관은 누구인가?


Oil well control

Context: Oil well control is the management of the dangerous effects caused by the unexpected release of formation fluid, such as natural gas and/or crude oil, upon surface equipment of oil or gas drilling rigs and escaping into the atmosphere. Technically, oil well control involves preventing the formation gas or fluid (hydrocarbons), usually referred to as kick, from entering into the wellbore during drilling or well interventions.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Formation fluid can enter the wellbore if the pressure exerted by the column of drilling fluid is not great enough to overcome the pressure exerted by the fluids in the formation being drilled (pore pressure). Oil well control also includes monitoring a well for signs of impending influx of formation fluid into the wellbore during drilling and procedures, to stop the well from flowing when it happens by taking proper remedial actions.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Failure to manage and control these pressure effects can cause serious equipment damage and injury, or loss of life. Improperly managed well control situations can cause blowouts, which are uncontrolled and explosive expulsions of formation hydrocarbons from the well, potentially resulting in a fire.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Pressure is a very important concept in the oil and gas industry. Pressure can be defined as: the force exerted per unit area. Its SI unit is newtons per square metre or pascals. Another unit, bar, is also widely used as a measure of pressure, with 1 bar equal to 100 kilopascals. Normally pressure is measured in the U.S. petroleum industry in units of pounds force per square inch of area, or psi. 1000  psi equals 6894.76 kilo-pascals.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Hydrostatic pressure (HSP), as stated, is defined as pressure due to a column of fluid that is not moving. That is, a column of fluid that is static, or at rest, exerts pressure due to local force of gravity on the column of the fluid.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: All fluids in a wellbore exert hydrostatic pressure, which is a function of density and vertical height of the fluid column. In US oil field units, hydrostatic pressure can be expressed as:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: "HSP" = 0.052 × "MW" × "TVD, where MW (Mud Weight or density) is the drilling-fluid density in pounds per gallon (ppg), TVD is the true vertical depth in feet and HSP"' is the hydrostatic pressure in psi.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: The pressure gradient is described as the pressure per unit length. Often in oil well control, pressure exerted by fluid is expressed in terms of its pressure gradient. The SI unit is pascals/metre. The hydrostatic pressure gradient can be written as:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Normally pressured formation has a formation pressure that is the same with the hydrostatic pressure of the fluids above it. As the fluids above the formation are usually some form of water, this pressure can be defined as the pressure exerted by a column of water from the formation's depth to sea level.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: The normal hydrostatic pressure gradient for freshwater is 0.433 pounds per square inch per foot (psi/ft), or 9.792 kilopascals per meter (kPa/m), and 0.465 psi/ft for water with dissolved solids like in Gulf Coast waters, or 10.516 kPa/m. The density of formation water in saline or marine environments, such as along the Gulf Coast, is about 9.0 ppg or 1078.43 kg/m3. Since this is the highest for both Gulf Coast water and fresh water, a normally pressured formation can be controlled with a 9.0 ppg mud.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Sometimes the weight of the overburden, which refers to the rocks and fluids above the formation, will tend to compact the formation, resulting in pressure built-up within the formation if the fluids are trapped in place. The formation in this case will retain its normal pressure only if there is a communication with the surface. Otherwise, an "abnormal formation pressure" will result.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: As discussed above, once the fluids are trapped within the formation and not allow to escape there is a pressure build-up leading to abnormally high formation pressures. This will generally require a mud weight of greater than 9.0 ppg to control. Excess pressure, called "overpressure" or "geopressure", can cause a well to blow out or become uncontrollable during drilling.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Subnormal formation pressure is a formation pressure that is less than the normal pressure for the given depth. It is common in formations that had undergone production of original hydrocarbon or formation fluid in them.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: The bulk density of the sediment is a function of rock matrix density, porosity within the confines of the pore spaces, and porefluid density. This can be expressed as

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: "Fracture pressure" can be defined as pressure required to cause a formation to fail or split. As the name implies, it is the pressure that causes the formation to fracture and the circulating fluid to be lost. Fracture pressure is usually expressed as a gradient, with the common units being psi/ft (kPa/m) or ppg (kg/m3).

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: "Pump pressure", which is also referred to as "system pressure loss", is the sum total of all the pressure losses from the oil well surface equipment, the drill pipe, the drill collar, the drill bit, and annular friction losses around the drill collar and drill pipe. It measures the system pressure loss at the start of the circulating system and measures the total friction pressure.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: The "shut-in casing pressure" (SICP) is a measure of the difference between the formation pressure and the HSP in the annulus when a kick occurs.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: "Bottom-hole pressure" (BHP) is the pressure at the bottom of a well. The pressure is usually measured at the bottom of the hole. This pressure may be calculated in a static, fluid-filled wellbore with the equation:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: In Canada the formula is depth in meters x density in kgs x the constant gravity factor (0.00981), which will give the hydrostatic pressure of the well bore or (hp) hp=bhp with pumps off.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Therefore, BHP can be said to be the sum of all pressures at the bottom of the wellhole, which equals:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: There are some basic calculations that need to be carried during oil well control. A few of these essential calculations will be discussed below. Most of the units here are in US oil field units, but these units can be converted to their SI units equivalent by using this Conversion of units link.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: The capacity of drill string is an essential issue in oil well control. The capacity of drillpipe, drill collars or hole is the volume of fluid that can be contained within them.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: This is the volume contained between the inside diameter of the hole and the outside diameter of the pipe.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: "Feet occupied by volume of mud in annulus" = "Volume of mud" (bbls) / "Annular Capacity" (bbls/ft).

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: "Fluid level drop" is the distance the mud level will drop when a dry string(a bit that is not plugged) is being pulled from the wellbore and it is given by:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: When pulling a wet string (the bit is plugged) and the fluid from the drillpipe is not returned to the hole. The fluid drop is then changed to the following:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: "Kill Mud weight" is the density of the mud required to balance formation pressure during kill operation. The Kill Weight Mud can be calculated by:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: But when the formation pressure can be determined from data sources such as bottom hole pressure, then "KWM" can be calculated as follows:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: A kick will occur when the bottom hole pressure(BHP) of a well falls below the formation pressure and the formation fluid flows into the wellbore. There are usually causes for kicks some of which are:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: "Tripping" is the complete operation of removing the drillstring from the wellbore and running it back in the hole. This operation is typically undertaken when the bit (which is the tool used to crush or cut rock during drilling) becomes dull or broken, and no longer drills the rock efficiently. A typical drilling operation of deep oil or gas wells may require up to 8 or more trips of the drill string to replace a dull rotary bit for one well.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: "Lost circulation" usually occurs when the hydrostatic pressure fractures an open formation. When this occurs, there is loss in circulation, and the height of the fluid column decreases, leading to lower HSP in the wellbore. A kick can occur if steps are not taken to keep the hole full. Lost circulation can be caused by:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: If the density of the drilling fluid or mud in the well bore is not sufficient to keep the formation pressure in check, then a kick can occur. Insufficient density of the drilling fluid can be as a result of the following :

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Another cause of kicks is drilling accidentally into abnormally-pressured permeable zones. The increased formation pressure may be greater than the bottom hole pressure, resulting in a kick.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: large number of directional wells are drilled from the same platform. If the drilling well penetrates the production string of a previously completed well, the formation fluid from the completed well will enter the wellbore of the drilling well, causing a kick. If this occurs at a shallow depth, it is an extremely dangerous situation and could easily result in an uncontrolled blowout with little to no warning of the event.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: A drill-stem test is performed by setting a packer above the formation to be tested, and allowing the formation to flow. During the course of the test, the bore hole or casing below the packer, and at least a portion of the drill pipe or tubing, is filled with formation fluid. At the conclusion of the test, this fluid must be removed by proper well control techniques to return the well to a safe condition. Failure to follow the correct procedures to kill the well could lead to a blowout.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Improper fill on trip occurs when the volume of drilling fluid to keep the hole full on a Trip (complete operation of removing the drillstring from the wellbore and running it back in the hole) is less than that calculated or less than Trip Book Record. This condition is usually caused by formation fluid entering the wellbore due to the swabbing action of the drill string, and, if action is not taken soon, the well will enter a kick state.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: In oil well control, a kick should be able to be detected promptly, and if a kick is detected, proper kick prevention operations must be taken immediately to avoid a blowout. There are various tell-tale signs that signal an alert crew that a kick is about to start. Knowing these signs will keep a kicking oil well under control, and avoid a blowout:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: A sudden increase in penetration rate (drilling break) is usually caused by a change in the type of formation being drilled. However, it may also signal an increase in formation pore pressure, which may indicate a possible kick.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: If the rate at which the pumps are running is held constant, then the flow from the annulus should be constant. If the annulus flow increases without a corresponding change in pumping rate, the additional flow is caused by formation fluid(s) feeding into the well bore or gas expansion. This will indicate an impending kick.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: If there is an unexplained increase in the volume of surface mud in the pit (a large tank that holds drilling fluid on the rig), it could signify an impending kick. This is because as the formation fluid feeds into the wellbore, it causes more drilling fluid to flow from the annulus than is pumped down the drill string, thus the volume of fluid in the pit(s) increases.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Secondary oil well control is done after the Primary oil well control has failed to prevent formation fluids from entering the wellbore. This process uses "blow out preventer", a BOP, to prevent the escape of wellbore fluids from the well. As the rams and choke of the BOP remain closed, a pressure built up test is carried out and a kill mud weight calculated and pumped inside the well to kill the kick and circulate it out.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Tertiary oil well control describes the third line of defense, where the formation cannot be controlled by primary or secondary well control (hydrostatic and equipment). This happens in underground blowout situations. The following are examples of tertiary well control:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Using shut-in procedures is one of the oil-well-control measures to curtail kicks and prevent a blowout from occurring. Shut-in procedures are specific procedures for closing a well in case of a kick. When any positive indication of a kick is observed, such as a sudden increase in flow, or an increase in pit level, then the well should be shut-in immediately. If a well shut-in is not done promptly, a blowout is likely to happen.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: Shut-in procedures are usually developed and practiced for every rig activity, such as drilling, tripping, logging, running tubular, performing a drill stem test, and so on. The primary purpose of a specific shut-in procedure is to minimize kick volume entering into a wellbore when a kick occurs, regardless of what phase of rig activity is occurring. However, a shut-in procedure is a company-specific procedure, and the policy of a company will dictate how a well should be shut-in.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: They are generally two type of Shut-in procedures which are soft shut-in or hard shut-in. Of these two methods, the hard shut-in is the fastest method to shut in the well; therefore, it will minimize the volume of kick allowed into the wellbore.

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


Oil well control

Context: There will always be potential oil well control problems, as long as there are drilling operations anywhere in the world. Most of these well control problems are as a result of some errors and can be eliminated, even though some are actually unavoidable. Since we know the consequences of failed well control are severe, efforts should be made to prevent some human errors which are the root causes of these incidents. These causes include:

Question: 정수압력이 증가하면 어떻게 되는가?


China Zun

Context: Farrells produced the tower's land bid concept design, with Kohn Pedersen Fox assuming the project and completing a 14-month-long concept design process after the client had won the bid.

Question: 베이징에서 가장 높은 건물은 무엇인가?


China Zun

Context: China Zun Tower is a mixed-use building, featuring 60 floors of office space, 20 floors of luxury apartments and 20 floors of hotel with 300 rooms. There will be a rooftop garden on the top floor at high.

Question: 베이징에서 가장 높은 건물은 무엇인가?


China Zun

Context: The tower is likely to remain the tallest building in Beijing for the foreseeable future, as in 2018 authorities capped new projects in the central business district to a height of no more than 180 meters in a bid to reduce congestion.

Question: 베이징에서 가장 높은 건물은 무엇인가?


China Zun

Context: The building has a total of 7 office areas. Among them, Areas 1-3, Area 5 and Area 7 are occupied by China CITIC Bank, Alibaba and CITIC Group respectively, becoming the main tenants of China Zun; the remaining office areas are leased to Fortune Global 500 Enterprises and financial institutions, including China Construction Bank.

Question: 베이징에서 가장 높은 건물은 무엇인가?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: Jewel Changi Airport (also known as Jewel or Jewel Changi) is a nature-themed entertainment and retail complex on the inside of Changi Airport, Singapore, linked to three of its passenger terminals. Its centrepiece is the world's tallest indoor waterfall, the Rain Vortex, that is surrounded by a terraced forest setting.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: Jewel includes gardens, attractions, a hotel, about 300 retail and dining outlets, as well as early baggage check-in aviation facilities. It covers a total gross floor area of , spanning 10 storeys – five above-ground and five basement levels. Its attractions include the Shiseido Forest Valley, an indoor garden spanning five storeys, and the Canopy Park at the topmost level, featuring gardens and leisure facilities.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: Jewel was conceived to maintain Changi Airport's status as a major aviation hub in the Asia-Pacific. It was first mentioned by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong in his National Day Rally speech in 2013 as part of Changi Airport's long-term plans to double its capacity by the mid-2020s and "create more opportunities for Singapore and Singaporeans".

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: Jewel was developed by Jewel Changi Airport Trustee Pte Ltd, a joint venture between Changi Airport Group (CAG) and CapitaLand, through its wholly owned shopping mall business, CapitaLand Mall Asia. The project cost S$1.7 billion, and did not involve any government funds or taxpayers’ money, despite both entities being either wholly or partially owned by Temasek Holdings, the state-owned investment company.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: Jewel was envisioned to combine a marketplace and an urban park. "The component of the traditional mall is combined with the experience of nature, culture, education and recreation, aiming to provide an uplifting experience. By drawing both visitors and local residents alike, we aim to create a place where the people of Singapore interact with the people of the world," said Safdie.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: The glass panels of the dome are framed in steel which rests on a complex latticework. At night, the glowing dome is visible from all surrounding areas.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: A collaboration of Shiseido and art collective teamLab, the is one of Asia's largest indoor gardens, spanning five stories and approximately located in the heart of Jewel Changi Airport. It houses around 3,000 trees and 60,000 shrubs of 120 species that live in high-altitude tropical forests from around the world.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: To prevent excess humidity in the Jewel, the waterfall's flow alternates between cascades and trickles that reduce air turbulence. The design process by WET Design engineers included testing a one-fifth-scale model and a full-size partial prototype.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: The Changi Airport Skytrain connecting the terminals passes above ground near the waterfall, allowing passengers remaining airside to see the Vortex and Jewel itself.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: The park also consists of two mazes, situated at the eastern end of the Jewel called the Hedge Maze and Mirror Maze. The Hedge Maze is Singapore's largest with hedge walls standing at high. The maze features gates that can be pushed within that will change the path of the maze. It ends at an elevated watchtower that offers a bird's-eye view of the entire maze. The Mirror Maze is located under the dome with plants branching across the top of the maze. The maze makes use of mirrors and various reflections.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: The Sky Nets, also called the Manulife Sky Nets for sponsorship reasons, provide children's play facilities, including a Bouncing Net and a Walking Net. The Bouncing Net is long, suspended 8 metres above ground at its highest point. A separate long Walking Net enables visitors to look down s to Jewel's Level 1.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: The Discovery Slides feature four integrated slides: two tube slides and two sliding surfaces. The entire structure sits at an incline, high on one end, and close to on the other, and enables visitors to view the Forest Valley and the Rain Vortex. The Discovery Slides were designed by Carve and built by Playpoint in Singapore.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: The Foggy Bowls are four concave bowls with depths of between and for people to jump in while mist is released to create an illusion of playing among clouds.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: The Changi Experience Studio is a space with interactive games and displays relating to Changi Airport's history and allows visitors a behind-the-scenes look of how the airport is run.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: An ‘integrated multi-modal transport lounge’ provides ticketing, boarding pass collection and baggage transfer service in a single location. Early check-in facilities enable passengers to check-in and drop off luggage up to 24-hours ahead of regular check-in times. There are dedicated facilities for fly-cruise and fly-ferry passengers.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: Jewel houses both local and international brands. Anchor tenants include the largest Nike store in Southeast Asia, the first and only Apple Store located inside an airport complex, Marks & Spencer, Muji, Zara, Uniqlo, Singapore's second basement cinema operated by Shaw Theatres with 11 screens including an IMAX theatre with a seating capacity of 828 and Five Spice, a food court by Food Junction with 19 unique stalls and supermarket chain FairPrice Finest.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: Jewel also includes American burger chains A&W Restaurants and Shake Shack, Norwegian fast-casual restaurant Pink Fish, Swiss artisanal chocolatier Läderach, Sichuan restaurants Xiao Bin Lou and Yu's Kitchen, Boston-based ice cream parlour chain Emack & Bolio's, British casual eatery Burger & Lobster, Peruvian restaurant TONITO, Japan's Tokyo Milk Cheese Factory and the first permanent Pokémon Centre in East Asia outside of Japan.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: Jewel Changi Airport was accorded the 2016 International Architecture Award by The Chicago Athenaeum, an international museum of architecture and design.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Jewel Changi Airport

Context: The song "The Right Time" by Singaporean singer JJ Lin was inspired by Jewel, which was featured in its music video.

Question: 싱가포르는 언제 쥬얼 공항을 만들었나요?


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon favors the Sunshine Policy, a peaceful Korean reunification. On economic policy, he favors reform of "chaebols" (conglomerates), has raised the minimum wage by more than 16 percent, and lowered the maximum workweek from 68 to 52 hours. During the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea, Moon has received praise domestically and internationally, and helped his party win a historic victory in the 2020 South Korean legislative election.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: After becoming a lawyer, he worked under future president Roh Moo-hyun in the 1980s. Along with Roh, he took cases involving the labor rights issues and became renowned for his work in labor human rights. They remained friends up until Roh's suicide in 2009.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Despite his earlier indifference, he began to get involved in politics. He published a memoir called "Moon Jae-in: The Destiny" which became a bestseller. His popularity had been rising steady against the likely opponent in the presidential race, Park Geun-hye. In a February 2012 poll, Moon rivaled Park in popularity.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon managed to capitalize on the conservatives' decline in popularity amid a series of corruption scandals. As one pundit said, "Moon had managed to portray himself as a moderate and rational leader who has the backing of the younger generation".

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: In 2012, Moon entered a bid for a seat in the National Assembly in the 19th legislative election. Moon won a seat in the Sasang District of Busan on April 11, 2012, as a member of the Democratic United Party with 55% of the vote. As of 2021, Sasang District belongs to the Conservative Party.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: He ran for the 2012 presidential election as the Democratic United Party's candidate in a three-way race against Park Geun-hye, the incumbent ruling party's candidate and daughter of the late president Park Chung-hee, as well as independent software mogul Ahn Cheol-soo. Ahn dropped out of the race and endorsed Moon after polls showed a most likely definitive loss for both candidates were there to be a three-way race against Park. Moon went on to lose the election.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon was elected as the leader of New Politics Alliance for Democracy (NPAD) on February 2, 2015. Prior to his election, Moon and NPAD party leader and 2012 presidential candidate rival Ahn Cheol-soo had many public disputes over the direction of the party.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon's official role led Ahn Cheol-soo to quit and form the centrist People's Party. Ahn's departure and Moon's new tenure as party leader led to renaming the liberal, NPAD Party as the new Democratic Party.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: During his leadership, Moon scouted several politically prominent people, including police studies/criminology expert Pyo Chang-won, political critic Lee Chul-hee, and former president Park's secretary Cho Ung-chun to prepare for upcoming 2016 legislative elections. After his recruitment, Moon resigned his position for another scouted advisor/former Park advisor Kim Chong-in.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: He won the Democratic Party's nomination against fellow party members Ahn Hee-jung, Lee Jae-myung, and Choi Sung with 57% of the votes.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: The general election originally had 15 announced candidates. Moon faced four other major party nominees during the election, including 2012 presidential rival and past party colleague Ahn Cheol-soo of the People's Party and Hong Jun-pyo of the Liberty Korea Party. He was elected the 19th president of South Korea in Korea's 19th presidential election by a large plurality over two.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon's policy against corporate corruption, specifically in regards to Korean conglomerates known as ""chaebols" " is to give "minority shareholders more power in electing board members" of the companies.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon also promised transparency in his presidency, moving the presidential residence from the palatial and isolated Blue House to an existing government complex in downtown Seoul.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon has favored a peaceful reunification between the two Koreas. He was both widely criticized and widely praised for his comments stating that his first visit if elected president would be to visit North Korea, a visit that would be not unlike Roh Moo-hyun's visit to the country in 2007. Similarly, Moon's foreign policy towards North Korea is considered to closely align with the Sunshine Policy embraced by former liberal presidents Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon was sworn into office immediately after official votes were counted on 10 May, replacing Acting President and Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn. There was no transition period between the election and inauguration, unlike other presidential elections due to the nature of an election following a presidential impeachment. He served out the typical single five-year term with his presidential term concluding in 2022.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: As President, Moon signed into law an amendment to the Telecommunications Business Act that has been referred to as the "Anti-Google Law". The legislation prohibits Apple and Google, which operate the App Store and Google Play Store, respectively, from requiring app developers on these platforms to use their payment systems to sell their products. As a result, app developers will be able to avoid paying commission to Apple or Google by directing customers to pay through alternate platforms.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Prosecution reform was carried out as part of a rearrangement plan of the police, the prosecution, and the National Intelligence Service (NIS).

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon's government launched a series of minimum wage hikes. One of these was in 2018, which raised the minimum wage by 16.4% from the previous year to 7,530 won (US$6.65) an hour. In a 2018 report, the NGO Oxfam cited South Korea as one of the few countries in Asia to have made efforts to reduce inequality that year.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: The maximum hour work week was reduced from 68 to 52. In October 2018, a study conducted by a telecommunications firm found that in central Seoul the amount of time people spent in or near their workplace fell by 55 minutes, and time spent of leisure activities went up in residential areas. However, they found little to no change elsewhere in the country. Bars and restaurants in central Seoul reported a loss in business.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: During his campaign, Moon promised to adopt a dog from an animal sanctuary; this was considered relevant to South Korean politics, as the country allows for consumption of dog meat. He adopted Tory, a four-year-old black mongrel saved from a dog meat farm, from an animal rights group. The move was considered as sending "a strong message against the dog meat trade".

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon's response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been praised both domestically and internationally. In the first few weeks of March 2020, daily cases fell from 800 to fewer than 100, reducing daily cases by more than 90% at its peak.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: However, more than 1.5 million South Koreans signed a petition to impeach Moon over what they claimed was the government's initial mishandling of the coronavirus outbreak in South Korea. In response, more than 1.3 million South Koreans signed a second petition in just two weeks to support Moon over what they claimed was the government's capable control of the coronavirus.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: An opinion poll conducted between March 5 and 6, 2020 by "", a public polling company, showed that 53% of the public had a positive evaluation of Moon's handling of the coronavirus crisis. An opinion poll by Gallup Korea in the first week of March 2020 showed his approval rating rose from 44% to 67%, due to public's approval of his administration's handling of the outbreak. By January 2021, according to a Realmeter survey, his approval rating decreased to 34%, the lowest point during his presidency.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Speaking to Buddhist and Christian religious leaders in October 2019, Moon said, "A national consensus should be the priority for same-sex marriage. However, regarding the human rights of sexual minorities, they should not be socially persecuted or discriminated against."

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: In July 2020, the proposal of South Korea's first comprehensive anti-discrimination law, which would provide legal protection for minority communities, including the LGBTQ community, did not receive any open support from Moon. However, in December 2020, in a special report by the National Human Rights Commission of Korea, Moon emphasized the necessity of enacting the Equality Act in the country.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Subsequently, with its new three-fifths majority, the Democratic Party implemented a series of reforms and were approved by the National Assembly in December 2020 including:

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon opposed the full deployment of THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) systems during his presidential campaign and called for more peace talks engaging with North Korea.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: As of late July, following North Korea's latest missile launch and increasingly aggressive actions, Moon asked the U.S. permission to build up its domestic defense systems and temporarily set up a full THAAD system.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: The inter-Korean rapprochement arouses broad enthusiasm among the South Korean population: Moon Jae-in's popularity reached 68% in April 2018.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Kim and Moon met again on May 26. The second meeting was also at the DMZ, this time on the North Korean side of the Panmunjom village. The meeting took two hours. The meeting had not been publicly announced beforehand. The meeting was largely centered around the cancelled summit with Donald Trump.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: In October 2018, Moon visited Europe and lobbied for reconciliation with North Korea during the tour.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: In March 2019, U.N. panel accused South Korea of violating sanctions by not notifying the Security Council about its deliveries of petroleum products for use at inter-Korean joint liaison office.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Also in the Annex of the "Updated Guidance on Addressing North Korea’s Illicit Shipping Practices", issued from United States Department of the Treasury, a ship of South Korea was listed as that believed to have engaged in ship-to-ship transfers with North Korean tankers.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: On September 23, as video speech at 75th Session of United Nations General Assembly, Moon mentioned about his hope that "the UN and the international community provide support so that we can advance into an era of reconciliation and prosperity through the end-of-war declaration" and "the end-of-war declaration will open the door to complete demilitarization and permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula."

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: In November 2018, the "Financial Times" reported that President Moon Jae-In replaced Kim Dong-yeon, finance minister, by Hong Nam-ki, an economic policy official currently serving in the prime minister's office, and Jang Ha-sung, presidential chief of staff for policy. The reshuffle sets the stage for new economic ideas "in a nation that is struggling to transition away from its once-successful manufacturing model".

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon left office on 9 May 2022 and was succeeded the next day by Yoon Suk-yeol, who previously was appointed by Moon to be Prosecutor General of South Korea. Moon also was the final president to occupy the Blue House as the official presidential office and residence after 74 years, as Yoon moved the presidential office to the former Ministry of Defence building at Yongsan District, Seoul upon taking office. Moon now resides at Pyeongsan Village, at Yangsan, South Gyeongsang Province.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon left office as the most popular president in the history of the 6th Republic since free and fair elections resumed in 1987. However, critics claimed that these ratings were due to a massive PR campaign aimed at creating and maintaining a good public image, as well as a failure to tackle controversial issues during his presidency.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: However, Moon's government didn't act on a new anti-discrimination bill despite having a majority in the National Assembly. It also failed to effectively resolve a housing crisis in the Seoul area and its surroundings (where half of South Korea's population resides). The Seoul housing crisis was said to be enough to swing the 2022 presidential election to the opposition conservatives to succeed Moon.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: In April 2018, a group of supporters of the South Korean President Moon Jae-in were charged with online opinion rigging. The accused suspects were the members of the ruling Democratic Party (DPK). The main perpetrator, as well as the leader of the pro-Moon group, was a well-known power-blogger called "Druking".

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: In 2018, the special prosecutor indicted Gyeongnam Province Governor Kim Kyung-soo in relation to this case. In 2019, he was jailed for two years on charges of online-rigging operations in both the first and second instance. On 21 July 2021, he was sentenced to two years by the Supreme Court for online-rigging operations (crime on 'Interference with Business' by damaging or destroying any data processor, ) and eventually lost his position as governor.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: In 2019, on the Liberation Day August 15, large-scale flag rallies occurred in central Seoul, including Seoul Station, City Hall Plaza, Daehanmun, and the outer ring of Gwanghwamun Plaza, calling to impeach Moon Jae-in.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: In 2020, although a spike in new coronavirus cases in South Korea has prompted authorities to reimpose tighter social distancing curbs in Seoul, there were thousands of demonstrators protesting against Moon Jae-in's policies.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Police said that they will probe all participants of demonstrations held in downtown Seoul on the day to look into whether they violated a court decision related to COVID-19 and other regulations.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: On October 3 the national foundation day, conservative groups held drive-thru anti-government rallies in southern Seoul, amid concerns about the spread of the new coronavirus.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: He and Kim both individually revealed in separate Korean talk shows that they met each other when Moon was a student activist protesting the Yushin Constitution.

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: Moon is the third Korean president who is a Catholic, after Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun (a lapsed Catholic). Moon's wife, First Lady Kim Jung-sook, is also Catholic. He is the second leader who remains a practicing Catholic while in office; his baptismal (or Christian) name is "Timothy".

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Moon Jae-in

Context: His nickname is the "Dark King" (), after the character Silvers Rayleigh from the Japanese manga series "One Piece".

Question: 문재인은 몇 년도에 대통령이 되었는가


Korean Confederation of Trade Unions

Context: One of the more important dynamics of labor has been left in obscurity thus far, the treatment of the female workforce in Korea. In this respect, all trade unions including, KCTU were criticized in unison for their lack of interest of the female workers. Their failure to address the concerns of harsh working conditions and numerous labor rights violations are extremely unfortunate and incomprehensible.

Question: 한국 역사상 가장 큰 노조는 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Being composed primarily of gases and liquids, it has no well-defined "solid surface". The planet orbits the Sun once every 164.8 years at an average distance of . It is named after the Roman god of the sea and has the astronomical symbol , representing Neptune's trident.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: In the wake of the discovery, there was a heated nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that Le Verrier and Adams deserved joint credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's claim to co-discovery, and the issue was re-evaluated by historians with the return in 1998 of the "Neptune papers" (historical documents) to the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Shortly after its discovery, Neptune was referred to simply as "the planet exterior to Uranus" or as "Le Verrier's planet". The first suggestion for a name came from Galle, who proposed the name "Janus". In England, Challis put forward the name "Oceanus".

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Struve came out in favour of the name "Neptune" on 29 December 1846, to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Soon, "Neptune" became the internationally accepted name. In Roman mythology, Neptune was the god of the sea, identified with the Greek Poseidon. The demand for a mythological name seemed to be in keeping with the nomenclature of the other planets, all of which were named for deities in Greek and Roman mythology.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: The usual adjectival form is "Neptunian". The nonce form "Poseidean" (), from Poseidon, has also been used, though the usual adjectival form of Poseidon is "Poseidonian" ().

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Neptune's internal structure resembles that of Uranus. Its atmosphere forms about 5 to 10% of its mass and extends perhaps 10 to 20% of the way towards the core, where it reaches pressures of about 10 GPa, or about 100,000 times that of Earth's atmosphere. Increasing concentrations of methane, ammonia and water are found in the lower regions of the atmosphere.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: The core of Neptune is likely composed of iron, nickel and silicates, with an interior model giving a mass about 1.2 times that of Earth. The pressure at the centre is 7 Mbar (700 GPa), about twice as high as that at the centre of Earth, and the temperature may be 5,400 K.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Neptune's atmosphere is subdivided into two main regions: the lower troposphere, where temperature decreases with altitude, and the stratosphere, where temperature increases with altitude. The boundary between the two, the tropopause, lies at a pressure of . The stratosphere then gives way to the thermosphere at a pressure lower than 10−5 to 10−4 bars (1 to 10 Pa). The thermosphere gradually transitions to the exosphere.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the layer where weather occurs, the troposphere. Weather does not occur in the higher stratosphere or thermosphere.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Neptune's spectra suggest that its lower stratosphere is hazy due to condensation of products of ultraviolet photolysis of methane, such as ethane and ethyne. The stratosphere is also home to trace amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. The stratosphere of Neptune is warmer than that of Uranus due to the elevated concentration of hydrocarbons.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Neptune's bow shock, where the magnetosphere begins to slow the solar wind, occurs at a distance of 34.9 times the radius of the planet. The magnetopause, where the pressure of the magnetosphere counterbalances the solar wind, lies at a distance of 23–26.5 times the radius of Neptune. The tail of the magnetosphere extends out to at least 72 times the radius of Neptune, and likely much farther.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Neptune differs from Uranus in its typical level of meteorological activity. "Voyager 2" observed weather phenomena on Neptune during its 1989 flyby, but no comparable phenomena on Uranus during its 1986 fly-by.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: The abundance of methane, ethane and acetylene at Neptune's equator is 10–100 times greater than at the poles. This is interpreted as evidence for upwelling at the equator and subsidence near the poles because photochemistry cannot account for the distribution without meridional circulation.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Because of seasonal changes, the cloud bands in the southern hemisphere of Neptune have been observed to increase in size and albedo. This trend was first seen in 1980. The long orbital period of Neptune results in seasons lasting forty years.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: The average distance between Neptune and the Sun is (about 30.1 astronomical units (AU)), and it completes an orbit on average every 164.79 years, subject to a variability of around ±0.1 years. The perihelion distance is 29.81 AU; the aphelion distance is 30.33 AU.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: The axial tilt of Neptune is 28.32°, which is similar to the tilts of Earth (23°) and Mars (25°). As a result, Neptune experiences similar seasonal changes to Earth. The long orbital period of Neptune means that the seasons last for forty Earth years. Its sidereal rotation period (day) is roughly 16.11 hours. Because its axial tilt is comparable to Earth's, the variation in the length of its day over the course of its long year is not any more extreme.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Because Neptune is not a solid body, its atmosphere undergoes differential rotation. The wide equatorial zone rotates with a period of about 18 hours, which is slower than the 16.1-hour rotation of the planet's magnetic field. By contrast, the reverse is true for the polar regions where the rotation period is 12 hours. This differential rotation is the most pronounced of any planet in the Solar System, and it results in strong latitudinal wind shear.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Neptune's second-known satellite (by order of discovery), the irregular moon Nereid, has one of the most eccentric orbits of any satellite in the Solar System. The eccentricity of 0.7512 gives it an apoapsis that is seven times its periapsis distance from Neptune.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: The first of these planetary rings was detected in 1968 by a team led by Edward Guinan. In the early 1980s, analysis of this data along with newer observations led to the hypothesis that this ring might be incomplete.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Evidence that the rings might have gaps first arose during a stellar occultation in 1984 when the rings obscured a star on immersion but not on emersion. Images from "Voyager 2" in 1989 settled the issue by showing several faint rings.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: The outermost ring, Adams, contains five prominent arcs now named "Courage", "Liberté", "Egalité 1", "Egalité 2" and "Fraternité" (Courage, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity). The existence of arcs was difficult to explain because the laws of motion would predict that arcs would spread out into a uniform ring over short timescales. Astronomers now estimate that the arcs are corralled into their current form by the gravitational effects of Galatea, a moon just inward from the ring.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Earth-based observations announced in 2005 appeared to show that Neptune's rings are much more unstable than previously thought. Images taken from the W. M. Keck Observatory in 2002 and 2003 show considerable decay in the rings when compared to images by "Voyager 2". In particular, it seems that the "Liberté" arc might disappear in as little as one century.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: From Earth, Neptune goes through apparent retrograde motion every 367 days, resulting in a looping motion against the background stars during each opposition. These loops carried it close to the 1846 discovery coordinates in April and July 2010 and again in October and November 2011.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Neptune's 164-year orbital period means that the planet takes an average of 13 years to move through each constellation of the zodiac. In 2011, it completed its first full orbit of the Sun since being discovered and returned to where it was first spotted northeast of Iota Aquarii.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: Observation of Neptune in the radio-frequency band shows that it is a source of both continuous emission and irregular bursts. Both sources are thought to originate from its rotating magnetic field. In the infrared part of the spectrum, Neptune's storms appear bright against the cooler background, allowing the size and shape of these features to be readily tracked.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: During the encounter, signals from the spacecraft required 246 minutes to reach Earth. Hence, for the most part, "Voyager 2" mission relied on preloaded commands for the Neptune encounter. The spacecraft performed a near-encounter with the moon Nereid before it came within 4,400 km of Neptune's atmosphere on 25 August, then passed close to the planet's largest moon Triton later the same day.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: The spacecraft verified the existence of a magnetic field surrounding the planet and discovered that the field was offset from the centre and tilted in a manner similar to the field around Uranus. Neptune's rotation period was determined using measurements of radio emissions and "Voyager 2" also showed that Neptune had a surprisingly active weather system. Six new moons were discovered, and the planet was shown to have more than one ring.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Neptune

Context: The flyby also provided the first accurate measurement of Neptune's mass which was found to be 0.5 percent less than previously calculated. The new figure disproved the hypothesis that an undiscovered Planet X acted upon the orbits of Neptune and Uranus.

Question: 중력이 가장 강한 행성은 무엇인가?


Baseball

Context: Baseball evolved from older bat-and-ball games already being played in England by the mid-18th century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late 19th century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States. Baseball is popular in North America and parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and East Asia, particularly in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: If the designated hitter (DH) rule is in effect, each team has a tenth player whose sole responsibility is to bat (and run). The DH takes the place of another player—almost invariably the pitcher—in the batting order, but does not field. Thus, even with the DH, each team still has a batting order of nine players and a fielding arrangement of nine players.

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: The number of players on a baseball roster, or "squad", varies by league and by the level of organized play. A Major League Baseball (MLB) team has a roster of 25 players with specific roles. A typical roster features the following players:

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: Baseball has certain attributes that set it apart from the other popular team sports in the countries where it has a following. All of these sports use a clock, play is less individual, and the variation between playing fields is not as substantial or important. The comparison between cricket and baseball demonstrates that many of baseball's distinctive elements are shared in various ways with its cousin sports.

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: In 2016, the average nine-inning playoff game in Major League baseball was 3 hours and 35 minutes. This was up 10 minutes from 2015 and 21 minutes from 2014.

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: Cricket is more similar to baseball than many other team sports in this regard: while the individual focus in cricket is mitigated by the importance of the batting partnership and the practicalities of tandem running, it is enhanced by the fact that a batsman may occupy the wicket for an hour or much more. There is no statistical equivalent in cricket for the fielding error and thus less emphasis on personal responsibility in this area of play.

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: The Official Baseball Rules administered by MLB require the official scorer to categorize each baseball play unambiguously. The rules provide detailed criteria to promote consistency. The score report is the official basis for both the box score of the game and the relevant statistical records. General managers, managers, and baseball scouts use statistics to evaluate players and make strategic decisions.

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: Certain traditional statistics are familiar to most baseball fans. The basic batting statistics include:

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: Among the many other statistics that are kept are those collectively known as "situational statistics". For example, statistics can indicate which specific pitchers a certain batter performs best against. If a given situation statistically favors a certain batter, the manager of the fielding team may be more likely to change pitchers or have the pitcher intentionally walk the batter in order to face one who is less likely to succeed.

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: Sabermetrics refers to the field of baseball statistical study and the development of new statistics and analytical tools. The term is also used to refer directly to new statistics themselves. The term was coined around 1980 by one of the field's leading proponents, Bill James, and derives from the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR).

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: The growing popularity of sabermetrics since the early 1980s has brought more attention to two batting statistics that sabermetricians argue are much better gauges of a batter's skill than batting average:

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: , Little League Baseball oversees leagues with close to 2.4 million participants in over 80 countries. The number of players has fallen since the 1990s, when 3 million children took part in Little League Baseball annually. Babe Ruth League teams have over 1 million participants. According to the president of the International Baseball Federation, between 300,000 and 500,000 women and girls play baseball around the world, including Little League and the introductory game of Tee Ball.

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Baseball

Context: Informal variations of baseball have popped up over time, with games like corkball reflecting local traditions and allowing the game to be played in diverse environments. Two variations of baseball, softball and Baseball5, are internationally governed alongside baseball by the World Baseball Softball Confederation.

Question: 야구 수비상태에 유격수는 몇 명인가?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Today, the Dodgers are among the most popular MLB teams, enjoying large fan support both at home and on the road. They maintain a fierce rivalry with the San Francisco Giants dating back to when the two clubs were based in New York City. As of 2022, "Forbes" ranks the Dodgers second in MLB franchise valuation at $4.075 billion.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: In the early 20th century, the team, then sometimes called the Brooklyn Robins after manager Wilbert Robinson, won league pennants in 1916 and 1920. The Robins lost the World Series both times, first to Boston and then Cleveland. In the 1930s, the team officially adopted the Dodgers nickname, which had been in use since the 1890s, named after the Brooklyn pedestrians who dodged the streetcars in the city.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: In Brooklyn, the Dodgers won the NL pennant twelve times (1890, 1899, 1900, 1916, 1920, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956) and the World Series in 1955. After moving to Los Angeles, the team won National League pennants in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, 2017, 2018, and 2020, with World Series championships in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981, 1988, and 2020. In all, the Dodgers have appeared in 21 World Series: 9 in Brooklyn and 12 in Los Angeles.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: The Dodgers played their final game at Ebbets Field on September 24, 1957, which the Dodgers won 2–0 over the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: New York remained a one-team town with the New York Yankees until 1962, when Joan Payson founded the New York Mets and brought National League baseball back to the city. The blue background used by the Dodgers was adopted by the Mets, honoring their New York NL forebears with a blend of Dodgers blue and Giants orange.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: The Dodgers were the first Major League Baseball team to ever play in Los Angeles. On April 18, 1958, the Dodgers played their first LA game, defeating the former New York and now new San Francisco Giants, 6–5, before 78,672 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Catcher Roy Campanella, left partially paralyzed in an off-season accident, was never able to play in Los Angeles.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Since moving to Los Angeles, the Dodgers have won 12 more National League Championships and six more World Series rings.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: The Dodgers' official history reports that the term "Trolley Dodgers" was attached to the Brooklyn ballclub due to the complex maze of trolley cars that weaved its way through the borough of Brooklyn.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Sportswriters started using the name "Trolley Dodgers" to refer to the Brooklyn team early in the 1895 season. The name was shortened to, on occasion, the "Brooklyn Dodgers" as early as 1898.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Sportswriters in the early 20th century began referring to the Dodgers as the "Bums", in reference to the team's fans and possibly because of the "street character" nature of Jack Dawkins, the "Artful Dodger" in Charles Dickens' "Oliver Twist". Newspaper cartoonist Willard Mullin used a drawing of famous clown Emmett Kelly to depict "Dem Bums": the team would later use "Weary Willie" in promotional images, and Kelly himself was a club mascot during the 1950s.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Another example of the use of the many nicknames is found on the program issued at Ebbets Field for the 1920 World Series, which identifies the matchup in the series as "Dodgers vs. Indians" despite the fact that the Robins nickname had been in consistent use for around six years. The "Robins" nickname was derived from the name of their Hall of Fame manager, Wilbert Robinson, who led the team from 1914 to 1931.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Each team's ability to endure for over a century while moving across an entire continent, as well as the rivalry's leap from a cross-city to a cross-state engagement, have led to the rivalry being considered one of the greatest in American sports history.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Although the rivalry's significance arose from the two teams' numerous World Series meetings, the Yankees and Dodgers have not met in the World Series since . They would not play each other in a non-exhibition game until 2004, when they played a three-game interleague series. Their last meeting was in August 2019, when the Yankees won two out of three games in Los Angeles.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Given the team's proximity to Hollywood, numerous celebrities can often be seen attending home games at Dodger Stadium. Celebrities such as co-owner Magic Johnson, Mary Hart, DaBaby, Larry King, Tiger Woods, Alyssa Milano, Shia LaBeouf, Lana Del Rey, Mila Kunis and Ashton Kutcher are known to frequently attend Dodger games, with some sitting at field box seats behind home plate where they sign autographs for fellow Dodger fans. Actor Bryan Cranston is a lifelong Dodger fan.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Primarily, Dodgers fans are from their own location in southern California and also parts of southern Nevada. However, there are also numerous strong pockets of supporters in Mexico due to the impact of players such as Fernando Valenzuela or more recently; Julio Urias and the fanbase is ever present throughout Asian countries such as South Korea and Japan, and their away games throughout the US will usually attract substantial numbers of expats and traveling fans.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: The Dodgers also broadcast on radio in two other languages, Spanish and Korean. In Spanish, the play-by-play is voiced by another Frick Award winner, Jaime Jarrín, who has been with the Dodgers since 1959. The color analyst for some games is former Dodger pitcher Fernando Valenzuela, for whom Jarrin once translated post-game interviews. The Spanish-language radio flagship station is KTNQ. Meanwhile, the Dodgers' Korean broadcast began in 2013 through KMPC.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Koufax, Campanella, and Robinson were the first Dodgers to have their numbers retired, in a ceremony at Dodger Stadium on June 4, 1972. This was the year in which Koufax was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame; Robinson and Campanella were already Hall-of-Famers.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Alston's number was retired in the year following his retirement as the Dodgers manager, six years before he was inducted into the Hall of Fame.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Gilliam died suddenly in 1978 after a 28-year career with the Dodgers organization. The Dodgers retired his number two days after his death, prior to Game 1 of the 1978 World Series. As of 2018, he is the only non-Hall-of-Famer to have his number retired by the Dodgers (Alston's number was retired before he was elected to the Hall of Fame).

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Beginning in 1980, the Dodgers have retired the numbers of longtime Dodgers (Snider, Reese, Drysdale, Lasorda, Sutton, and Hodges) during the seasons in which each was inducted into the Hall of Fame.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: In 1997, 50 years after he broke the color barrier and 25 years after the Dodgers retired his number, Robinson's No. 42 was retired throughout Major League Baseball. Robinson is the only major league baseball player to have this honor bestowed upon him. Starting in the 2007 season, Jackie Robinson Day (April 15, commemorating Opening Day of Robinson's rookie season of 1947) has featured many or all players and coaches wearing the number 42 as a tribute to Robinson.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: The Dodgers have not issued the number 34 since the departure of Fernando Valenzuela in 1991, although it has not been officially retired.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: In 2017, the Dodgers honored broadcaster Vin Scully with a microphone displayed alongside the team's retired numbers.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: In 2018 Spanish language broadcaster Jaime Jarrín was honored with a microphone displayed alongside the team's retired numbers.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Created in 2019 to honor Dodger greats who made an "impact on the franchise, both on and off the field." Recipients are recognized with plaques at Dodger Stadium.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Since 1884, the Dodgers have used a total of 31 Managers, the most current being Dave Roberts, who was appointed following the 2015 postseason, after the departure of Don Mattingly.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Over the nearly 43 years from 1954 to mid-1996, the Dodgers employed only two managers, Walter Alston and Tommy Lasorda, both of whom are in the Hall of Fame. During this entire time period of extraordinary stability, the Dodgers were family-owned by Walter O'Malley and then his son Peter O'Malley. It was during this era that the Dodgers won 11 of their 24 pennants, and their first six World Series championships.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: From the Dodgers' move to Los Angeles from Brooklyn in 1958, the Dodgers employed a handful of well-known public address announcers; the most famous of which was John Ramsey, who served as the PA voice of the Dodgers from 1958 until his retirement in 1982; he was also well known for announcing at other venerable Los Angeles venues, including the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and Sports Arena, and the Forum. Ramsey died in 1990.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: From 1958 to 1982, Doug Moore, Philip Petty, and Dennis Packer served as back-up voices for John Ramsey for the Dodgers, California Angels, Los Angeles Chargers, USC football and Los Angeles Rams. Packer was Ramsey's primary backup for the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Kings until Ramsey's retirement from the Forum in 1978. Thereafter, Packer became the public address announcer for the Lakers, Kings, indoor soccer and indoor tennis events at the Forum.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Nick Nickson, a radio broadcaster for the Los Angeles Kings, replaced John Ramsey as the Dodger Stadium public address announcer in 1983 and served in that capacity through the 1989 season to work with the Kings full-time.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: From 2003 to 2014, the Dodgers public address announcer was Eric Smith, who also announces for the Los Angeles Clippers and USC Trojans.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: On April 3, 2015, the Dodgers announced that former radio broadcaster Todd Leitz was hired to become their new public address announcer. Leitz was an anchor and news reporter in Los Angeles at KNX 1070 AM for 10 years, and a news reporter at KABC 790 for two years.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: From 1988 to 2015, Nancy Bea enjoyed popularity behind the Dodger Stadium keyboard similar to Gladys Goodding. Since retirement in 2015, Bea's replacement and current organist is Dieter Ruehle, who also plays at Staples Center for Los Angeles Kings games.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Vin Scully is permanently honored in the Baseball Hall of Fame's "Scribes & Mikemen" exhibit as a result of winning the Ford C. Frick Award in 1982. Frick Award recipients are not official members of the Hall.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Los Angeles Dodgers

Context: Sue Falsone, was the first female physical therapist in Major League baseball, and from 2012 to 2013, was the first female head athletic trainer.

Question: 다저스 구단은 언제 창립되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: Korea National Sport University (KNSU) is a South Korean national university located in the neighborhood of Bangi-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul. It is the only national sport university of South Korea.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: It was founded in December 1977 but it was opened in March 1978. The university aims to educate and nurture excellent sportsmen and specialized sports coaches. All students majoring in physical education and sports guidance are required to live in the dormitory, and tuition and entrance fees are waived by the South Korean government.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In Oct 2006, Honorary Ambassador to the PyeongChang Winter Olympics bidding Committee -with Jin Sun-yu

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In Feb 2014, Ahn received <Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"> from Russian President Vladimir Putin and <medal "For Strengthening the Combat Commonwealth">. from the Russian Ministry of Defense.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, top assistant of Kim Sun-tae, the head coach for China's national short track team.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In Mar 2004, Ahn took the oath as the freshman representative at the entrance ceremony of "Korea National Sport University (KNSU)."

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: however, He was at the center of controversy over the Korean skating faction "(KNSU vs non-KNSU)", and was also victim of assault. but, Ahn contended that he did not move to Russia because of factionalism.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In Mar 2018, Hwang took the oath as the freshman representative at the entrance ceremony of Korea National Sport University (KNSU).

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: she had served as one of the flag bearers for Team Republic of Korea at both the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic's opening ceremony.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In 2020, Lim was convicted of sexual harassment after pulling down another male athlete's pants in front of teammates in 2019.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: Following the conviction, Lim was banned from competing for the South Korean national team. He was later found not guilty by the appeal court, In March 2021.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In January 2018, Shim Suk-hee accused coach Cho Jae-beom. Cho has of repeatedly assaulting her since her teenage years. She said, he had beaten her since from the age of seven - and had even broken her fingers with an ice hockey stick.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In January 2019, Shim came out to accuse Cho of sexual assault. She says the sexual assault started in 2014 when she was still a student and continued until shortly before the Pyeongchang Olympic games.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: she made revelations, the South Korea's ice skating world has been rocked by the assault and sexual assault scandal.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: from 2014 to 2018, coach at "Korea National Sport University (KNSU)" ice-rink 'Baek Kuk-Kun' team. "(not an official. private team)"

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: from 2019 to present, coach at mokdong ice-rink 'Baek Kuk-Kun' team. "(not an official. private team)"

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: from 2019 to 2020, coach for seongnam Ice Rink 'Yoon Seung-Nam' team. (not an official. private team)

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: has been sentenced to more than 13 years in prison for repeatedly assaulting and sexually assaulting an Olympic champion.<br> was only 17 years old when she first fell victim to Cho's abuse. The Korea Skating Union (KSU) slapped Cho with a lifetime ban in 2018.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: Weeks prior to the Sochi Olympics, the KSU was blasted by the media after one of the national team's short-track coaches "(who had KNSU ties)" was suspended over accusations that he sexually harassed a female trainee in 2012.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: He previously served as the national team short track head coach and developed such Olympic champions as Kim Ki-hoon, Chae Ji-hoon, Chun Lee-kyung, Kim Dong-sung, Ahn Hyun-soo, Lee Kang-seok, Lee Sang-hwa, Lee Seung-hoon.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In the 2006 - 2007 season, personal coach for South korea's national short track team. (personal coach : Jeon Ji-soo, Ahn hyun-soo)

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In Mar 2014, Jeon Myeong-gyu resigned from his post as the vice president of the Korea Skating Union (KSU).

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In Feb 2017, Jeon Myeong-gyu returned to his post as the vice president of the Korea Skating Union (KSU).

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: Jeon was probed by the culture ministry and related sports authorities in 2018 over allegations that he helped cover up sexual violence perpetrated by skating coaches and threatened athletes to not report or go public about the cases.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: In Apr 2018, Jeon Myeong-gyu resigned from his post as the vice president of the Korea Skating Union (KSU).

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: He became one of the figures in the 2016 South Korean political scandal, has been sentenced to 1 years and six months in prison.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: He is the first South Korean gymnast to win an Olympic gold medal, and also won two gold medals at the 2011 and 2013 World Championships.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: Gold medalist at the 1996 Olympics, and also won two gold medals at the 1993 and 1995 World Championships.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: On 14 Oct 2015 and 2 Feb 2016, starred in the South Korean talk show "Our Neighborhood Arts and Physical Education"

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Korea National Sport University

Context: becoming the first athlete from outside Europe and North America to win an Olympic sliding medal, and the first athlete from South Korea to win a Winter Olympic medal in a non-ice skating event.

Question: 한국체육대학교는 언제 설립 되었나요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: Li Yuan's control of the Chang'an region became almost immediately contested by the rebel ruler Xue Ju, the Emperor of Qin, who sent his son Xue Rengao toward Chang'an. Li Yuan sent Li Shimin to resist Xue Rengao, and Li Shimin defeated Xue Rengao at Fufeng, in modern Baoji, Shaanxi), temporarily causing Xue Ju to toy with the idea of surrendering to Li Yuan, although Xue was subsequently dissuaded by his strategist Hao Yuan () from doing so.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: For the next few years, the rivalry intensified, although during the meantime both Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin served as generals when the Eastern Göktürks made incursions. In 623, when the general Fu Gongshi rebelled at Danyang (, in modern Nanjing, Jiangsu), Emperor Gaozu briefly commissioned Li Shimin to attack Fu, but soon cancelled the order and sent Li Shimin's cousin Li Xiaogong the Prince of Zhao Commandery instead.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: One of the first actions that Emperor Taizong carried out as emperor was releasing a number of ladies in waiting from the palace and returning them to their homes, so that they could be married. He made his wife Princess Zhangsun the empress, and their oldest son Li Chengqian the crown prince.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: Also in 627, Emperor Taizong, seeing that there were too many prefectures and counties, consolidated and merged many of them, and further created another level of local political organization above prefectures—the circuit () – dividing his state into 10 circuits.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: The main opposing views were from the chancellors Wen Yanbo (who advocated leaving the Turks within China's borders to serve as a defense perimeter) and Wei (who advocated leaving them outside the borders). Emperor Taizong accepted Wen's suggestion and established a number of prefectures to accommodate the Turks, leaving them governed by their chieftains without creating a new khan to govern them.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: In 631, Emperor Taizong established a feudal scheme, where the contributors to his reign were given, in addition to their current posts, additional posts as prefectural governors, to be passed on to their descendants. Soon, however, receiving much opposition to the plan, the strongest of which came from Zhangsun Wuji, Emperor Taizong cancelled the scheme.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: After the conquest of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, Emperor Taizong's officials repeatedly requested that he carry out sacrifices to heaven and earth at Mount Tai, and Emperor Taizong, while at times tempted by the proposal, was repeatedly dissuaded from doing so by Wei, who pointed out the expenses and the labors that would be imposed on the people as a result, and also that this would open China's borders to attack.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: In 634, Emperor Taizong sent 13 high level officials, including Li Jing and Xiao Yu, to examine the circuits to see whether the local officials were capable, to find out whether the people were suffering, to comfort the poor, and to select capable people to serve in civil service. (Li Jing initially recommended Wei Zheng, but Emperor Taizong declined sending Wei, stating that Wei needed to stay to point out his faults and that he could not afford to have Wei away even for a single day.)

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: Also in 635, Emperor Gaozu died, and Emperor Taizong, observing a mourning period, briefly had Li Chengqian serve as regent, and after he resumed his authorities less than two months later, he still authorized Li Chengqian to thereafter rule on minor matters.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: In fall 636, Empress Zhangsun died. Emperor Taizong mourned her bitterly and personally wrote the text of her monument.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: In summer 637, Emperor Taizong recreated the feudal scheme that he had considered and abandoned in 631, creating 35 hereditary prefect posts. (By 639, however, the system was again abandoned after much opposition.)

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: Also in 638, believing that Xueyantuo was growing increasingly strong and difficult to control, Emperor Taizong granted Yinan's sons Bazhuo and Jialibi () both lesser khan titles, to try to create dissensions between them.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: In winter 640, Songsän Gampo sent his prime minister Gar Tongtsen Yülsung ("Lu Dongzan" () in Chinese) as an emissary to Tang, offering tributes and again requesting marriage. Emperor Taizong created a daughter of a clansman as the Princess Wencheng, and in 641 sent Li Daozong to accompany Princess Wencheng to Tibet to preside over the wedding.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: By 642, it was clear that Li Tai had ambitions on replacing his brother Li Chengqian, and the governmental officials began to be divided into pro-Li Chengqian and pro-Li Tai factions. After urging by Wei Zheng and Chu Suiliang to take actions that would clarify that Li Chengqian's position was secure, Emperor Taizong attempted to do so by making repeated statements to that effect, but his continued favoring of Li Tai led to continued speculation among officials.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: In spring 643, Wei died, and Emperor Taizong mourned him bitterly, authoring Wei's monument himself and, prior to Wei's death, promising to give his daughter Princess Hengshan in marriage to Wei's son Wei Shuyu (). Later in spring, Emperor Taizong commissioned 24 portraits at Lingyan Pavilion to commemorate the 24 great contributors to his reign.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: Taizong's eldest son Li Chengqian chose to speak Turkic, dress in Turkic clothes and even set up a tent in his residence in imitation of a Turkic khan. Taizong removed him from the position of heir apparent and chose as his successor Li Zhi, who embraced Han Chinese cultural heritage.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: However, the capable defense put up by Ansi's commanding general stymied Tang forces and, in late fall, after suffering some casualties, with winter fast approaching and his food supplies running out, Emperor Taizong withdrew. He much regretted launching the campaign and made the comment, "If Wei Zheng were still alive, he would never have let me launch this campaign." He reerected the monument he authored for Wei and summoned Wei's wife and children to meet him, treating them well.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: In 648, Emperor Taizong launched another campaign, commanded by Ashina She'er, aimed at Qiuzi, but first attacking Yanqi and killing Long Xuepoanazhi and replacing him with his cousin Long Xiannazhun (). Ashina She'er advanced on Qiuzi and captured its king Bai Helibushibi (), making his brother king instead.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: After consolidating the Tang Empire, Emperor Taizong ordered six large stone panels, known as Zhaoling Liujun (), to be carved with the portraits of his favorite horses. These were the horses he had ridden in overcoming his rivals and securing the borders of the country.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: Emperor Taizong further composed laudatory poems for each of the six horses depicted in the stone reliefs. Constructed between 636 and 649 CE, the stone reliefs "exemplify the beauty of early Tang sculpture; the images are realistic yet powerful, created with simplicity and matured craftsmanship."

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Emperor Taizong of Tang

Context: After Taizong's death, the monuments were situated along the east and west sides of the "spirit path" at the North Gate of the tomb complex named Zhaoling or Zhao Mausoleum. The six stone horse reliefs remained at the Mausoleum until the early twentieth century, when four were removed to the Beilin Museum in Xi'an, China and two were sold and subsequently donated to the Penn Museum in Philadelphia in 1921.

Question: 당 태종 이세민의 생일은 언제인가요?


Gwangju Student Independence Movement

Context: It was the birthplace of the 11.3 school independence movement when Korean and Japanese students collided while attending Gwangju in 1929. There is a background in which Naju students take on Japanese students. At that time, Japanese based in Youngsanpo carried rice from Naju Plain to Japan. The town's commercial district was also controlled by the Japanese. This area is designated as a monument and has a vivid reconstruction of the old scenery of Naju Station.

Question: 광주학생운동이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Gwangju Student Independence Movement

Context: In 1967, Gwangju Student Independence Movement Memorial Hall was established in Gwang-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju Metropolitan City to pay one's respects to independence spirit. In 2004, the Gwangju Student Independence Movement Memorial Hall was newly built in Hwajeong-dong, Seo-gu, Gwangju Metropolitan City. It was opened again in November 2005 by displaying a composite process of the development of Gwangju Student Independence Movement

Question: 광주학생운동이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Gwangju Student Independence Movement

Context: Gwangju Bridge, which entered 115 years ago in 1907, was the most modern painted wooden bridge at that time, which was all of stepping-stones and poor wooden bridge. Back then, all the people and cars coming from the south passed through this bridge into the center of Gwangju. Gwangju Bridge was regarded by the Japanese as 'the road to the shrine' and 'to the marketplace' for us. It became a concrete bridge through two reconstruction in 1922 and 1935.

Question: 광주학생운동이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Gwangju Student Independence Movement

Context: About 300 students chanted slogans, 'Hurray for the independence of Korea', 'Down with Japanese imperialism', 'The abolition of colonial education', staging a violent demonstration with the citizenry.

Question: 광주학생운동이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Gwangju Student Independence Movement

Context: The students demonstrations attempted to attack Gwangju Middle School, but after avoiding the blood clashes with the police, they crossed the Geumdong and the Gwangju River and crossed Gwangju Bridge descend along Gwagnju Bridge and returned to Gwangju High School. Seonam University Hospital. At that time, a small market placing under Budong bridge. A crowd of thousands gathered here and rallied in the streets. However, at present, the marketplace can not be found, and there is a hospital instead.

Question: 광주학생운동이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Television in South Korea

Context: There are many cable operators in South Korea, such as Tbroad, C&M, CMB, and CJ HelloVision. There are approximately 14 million cable TV subscribers nationwide. The cable operator provides TPS to its subscribers. (with the exception of Arirang which is free).

Question: 한국의 첫 방송국 설립연도는 언젠가요?


Television in South Korea

Context: The early 1960s saw a phenomenal growth in television broadcasting. On 1 October 1961 the first full-scale television station, HLKA-TV (now known as KBS 1TV), was established and began operation under the Ministry of Culture and Public Information.

Question: 한국의 첫 방송국 설립연도는 언젠가요?


Television in South Korea

Context: Following KBS was Tongyang Broadcasting Corporation's TBC-TV which was launched in 1964, and ran until merged in 1980. It was the first private television network in South Korea.

Question: 한국의 첫 방송국 설립연도는 언젠가요?


Television in South Korea

Context: The second commercial television system, MBC-TV, made its debut in 1969. The advent of MBC-TV brought significant development to the television industry in Korea and after 1969 the television industry was characterized by furious competition among the three networks.

Question: 한국의 첫 방송국 설립연도는 언젠가요?


Television in South Korea

Context: On 22 July 2009, after heated political debates, amendment of the Media law passed the South Korean national assembly to deregulate the media market of South Korea. On 31 December 2010, four general Cable Television networks were licensed.

Question: 한국의 첫 방송국 설립연도는 언젠가요?


Television in South Korea

Context: In South Korea, there are four nationwide television networks, three general networks and one educational network as follows:

Question: 한국의 첫 방송국 설립연도는 언젠가요?


Television in South Korea

Context: All of them are free-to-air channels. Furthermore, all of them are the official digital terrestrial television and ATSC providers of the nation (since 2005, approved by the Korean Government).

Question: 한국의 첫 방송국 설립연도는 언젠가요?


Television in South Korea

Context: In South Korea, many commercial television networks have been created after the deregulation taken in 1961 till 1990.

Question: 한국의 첫 방송국 설립연도는 언젠가요?


Television in South Korea

Context: SBS is responsible in distributing its programming content nationally, but is not responsible for producing local content aired by their affiliates.

Question: 한국의 첫 방송국 설립연도는 언젠가요?


List of current monarchies

Context: This is a list of current monarchies. , there are 43 sovereign states in the world with a monarch as head of state. There are 13 in Asia, 12 in Europe, 9 in America, 6 in Oceania, and 3 in Africa.

Question: 2019년 기준 왕족이 존재하는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


List of current monarchies

Context: Some of the extant sovereign monarchies have lines of succession that go back to the medieval period or antiquity:

Question: 2019년 기준 왕족이 존재하는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


List of current monarchies

Context: In Wallis and Futuna, an overseas territory of France in the South Pacific, there are three kingdoms, Uvea, Alo and Sigave, whose monarchs are chosen by local noble families.

Question: 2019년 기준 왕족이 존재하는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


List of current monarchies

Context: Belgium is the only existing popular monarchy – a system in which the monarch's title is linked to the people rather than a state. The title of Belgian kings is not "King of Belgium", but instead "King of the Belgians". Another unique feature of the Belgian system is that the new monarch does not automatically assume the throne at the death or abdication of his predecessor; he only becomes monarch upon taking a constitutional oath.

Question: 2019년 기준 왕족이 존재하는 나라는 몇 개국인가?


History of Iran

Context: The history of Iran, which was commonly known until the mid-20th century as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: The Iranian Empire proper begins in the Iron Age, following the influx of Iranian peoples. Iranian people gave rise to the Medes, the Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sasanian Empires of classical antiquity.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: Once a major empire, Iran has endured invasions too, by the Macedonians, Arabs, Turks, and the Mongols. Iran has continually reasserted its national identity throughout the centuries and has developed as a distinct political and cultural entity.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: The Muslim conquest of Persia (633–654) ended the Sasanian Empire and is a turning point in Iranian history. Islamization of Iran took place during the eighth to tenth centuries, leading to the eventual decline of Zoroastrianism in Iran as well as many of its dependencies. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity and civilization.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: Iran, with its long history of early cultures and empires, had suffered particularly hard during the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. Many invasions of nomadic tribes, whose leaders became rulers in this country, affected it negatively.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: Over the course of the first half of the 19th century, Iran lost many of its territories in the Caucasus, which had been a part of Iran for centuries, comprising modern-day Eastern Georgia, Dagestan, Republic of Azerbaijan, and Armenia, to its rapidly expanding and emerging rival neighbor, the Russian Empire, following the Russo-Persian Wars between 1804–13 and 1826–8.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: Parts of what is modern-day northwestern Iran was part of the Kura–Araxes culture (circa 3400 BC—ca. 2000 BC), that stretched up into the neighbouring regions of the Caucasus and Anatolia.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: There are records of numerous other ancient civilizations on the Iranian Plateau before the emergence of Iranian peoples during the Early Iron Age. The Early Bronze Age saw the rise of urbanization into organized city-states and the invention of writing (the Uruk period) in the Near East. While Bronze Age Elam made use of writing from an early time, the Proto-Elamite script remains undeciphered, and records from Sumer pertaining to Elam are scarce.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: Records become more tangible with the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and its records of incursions from the Iranian plateau.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: As early as the 20th century BC, tribes came to the Iranian Plateau from the Pontic–Caspian steppe. The arrival of Iranians on the Iranian plateau forced the Elamites to relinquish one area of their empire after another and to take refuge in Elam, Khuzestan and the nearby area, which only then became coterminous with Elam. Bahman Firuzmandi say that the southern Iranians might be intermixed with the Elamite peoples living in the plateau.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: By the mid-first millennium BC, Medes, Persians, and Parthians populated the Iranian plateau. Until the rise of the Medes, they all remained under Assyrian domination, like the rest of the Near East. In the first half of the first millennium BC, parts of what is now Iranian Azerbaijan were incorporated into Urartu.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: In 646 BC, Assyrian king Ashurbanipal sacked Susa, which ended Elamite supremacy in the region. For over 150 years Assyrian kings of nearby Northern Mesopotamia had been wanting to conquer Median tribes of Western Iran. Under pressure from Assyria, the small kingdoms of the western Iranian plateau coalesced into increasingly larger and more centralized states.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: Cyrus the Great overthrew, in turn, the Median, Lydian, and Neo-Babylonian Empires, creating an empire far larger than Assyria. He was better able, through more benign policies, to reconcile his subjects to Persian rule; the longevity of his empire was one result. The Persian king, like the Assyrian, was also "King of Kings", "xšāyaθiya xšāyaθiyānām" ("shāhanshāh" in modern Persian) – "great king", Megas Basileus, as known by the Greeks.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: Cyrus's son, Cambyses II, conquered the last major power of the region, ancient Egypt, causing the collapse of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt. Since he became ill and died before, or while, leaving Egypt, stories developed, as related by Herodotus, that he was struck down for impiety against the ancient Egyptian deities. The winner, Darius I, based his claim on membership in a collateral line of the Achaemenid Empire.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: In the late sixth century BC, Darius launched his European campaign, in which he defeated the Paeonians, conquered Thrace, and subdued all coastal Greek cities, as well as defeating the European Scythians around the Danube river. In 512/511, Macedon became a vassal kingdom of Persia.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: From 334 BCE to 331 BC, Alexander the Great, defeated Darius III in the battles of Granicus, Issus and Gaugamela, swiftly conquering the Persian Empire by 331 BC. Alexander's empire broke up shortly after his death, and Alexander's general, Seleucus I Nicator, tried to take control of Iran, Mesopotamia, and later Syria and Anatolia. His empire was the Seleucid Empire. He was killed in 281 BC by Ptolemy Keraunos.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?


History of Iran

Context: Greek language, philosophy, and art came with the colonists. During the Seleucid era, Greek became the common tongue of diplomacy and literature throughout the empire.

Question: 이란은 언제 건국했는가?