Kaaba

Context: The building is opened biannually for the ceremony of "The Cleaning of the Sacred Kaaba" (). The ceremony takes place on the 1st of Sha'baan, the eighth month of the Islamic calendar, approximately thirty days before the start of the month of Ramadan and on the 15th of Muharram, the first month. The keys to the "Kaaba" are held by the Banī Shaybah () tribe, an honor bestowed upon them by Muhammad. Members of the tribe greet visitors to the inside of the Kaaba on the occasion of the cleaning ceremony.

Question: من أعاد تشييد الكعبة بعد أن لحقها الحريق والضرر من آثار قصفها بالمنجنيق؟


Kaaba

Context: The Governor of the Makkah Province and accompanying dignitaries clean the interior of the Kaaba using cloths dipped in Zamzam water scented with Oud perfume. Preparations for the washing start a day before the agreed date, with the mixing of Zamzam water with several luxurious perfumes including Tayef rose, 'oud and musk. Zamzam water mixed with rose perfume is splashed on the floor and is wiped with palm leaves. Usually, the entire process is completed in two hours.

Question: من أعاد تشييد الكعبة بعد أن لحقها الحريق والضرر من آثار قصفها بالمنجنيق؟


Context: The State University of New York Upstate Medical University (SUNY Upstate) is a public medical school in Syracuse, New York. Founded in 1834, Upstate is the 15th oldest medical school in the United States and is the only medical school in Central New York. The university is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: SUNY Upstate is an upper-division transfer and doctoral university with degree-granting programs in the Norton College of Medicine (NCOM), College of Health Professions (CHP), College of Graduate Studies (CoGS) and the College of Nursing.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: As one of only 140 academic medical centers in the United States, the Upstate University Health System serves over 1.8 million people annually, often the most seriously ill and injured. Its facilities include Upstate University Hospital, the region's only Level 1 trauma and burn center; Upstate Community Hospital; Golisano Children's Hospital; Upstate Brain & Spine Center; Upstate Heart and Vascular Center; Upstate Cancer Center; and other satellite sites in Central New York.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: Upstate provides 10,959 jobs, making it Central New York's largest employer. The university adds more than $2.5 billion to the state economy annually. Nearly 7,900 SUNY Upstate alumni physicians are licensed in the United States and they generate more than $24.8 billion in economic activity and support or employ nearly 132,354 employees.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: In 1871 Hobart disbanded GMC and sold its library, anatomical specimens, and other tangible assets to Dean John Towler. Acting as a private citizen, Towler donated these materials to the new Syracuse University on condition that the trustees immediately establish an AMA-approved medical school. Thus the Syracuse University College of Medicine came into being on December 4, 1871, with Frederick Hyde as dean.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: In the latter part of the century, the SU College of Medicine was among the first to institute a graded medical instruction program, with definite pre-clinical and clinical years and organize its curriculum according to the so-called "German model," with intense scientific and especially laboratory training for students in the first two years, and rigorous clinical training on rounds thereafter.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: Medical students on the Syracuse campus complete their clinical years at Upstate's own University Hospital and its affiliates. Students on the Syracuse campus learn alongside doctors using the most advanced technology and techniques:

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: The Upstate University Health System has been honored with numerous designations and awards for excellence in medicine, research and nursing by the "National Institute of Health", "New York State Department of Health", "American College of Surgeons", "American Heart Association", "American Nurses Association", "US News and World Report", "Forbes", etc.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: In 2019 and 2020 the hospital received "Stroke Gold Plus Award," "Heart Failure Gold Plus Quality Award," and the "Resuscitation Bronze Award" from the "American Heart Association" and the "American Stroke Association".

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: The hospital received "High Performing" in both heart failure and COPD on the 2020-21 U.S. News & World Report: Best Hospital rankings.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: Total enrollment is 1,592 students (including 699 medical students) in addition to 619 residents and clinical fellows. Upstate employs 623 full-time faculty members and 1,809 part-time and voluntary faculty.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: The Norton College of Medicine is the 2nd and 15th oldest medical school in New York state and the United States respectively. The COM offers professional and graduate degrees including the Master of Public Health (MPH) and Doctor of Medicine (MD). In addition, in conjunction with the College of Graduate Studies, the COM grants joint degrees including MD/MBA, MD/PhD and MD/MPH.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: All College of Medicine students spend their first two years at the Upstate Medical University campus in Syracuse. At the start of the third year, one-fourth of the class moves to the Binghamton Clinical Campus, one hour south of Syracuse for their third year, and most elect to stay for their fourth. The rest of the class remains in Syracuse.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: In December 22, 2021, the College of Medicine was renamed the Alan and Marlene Norton College of Medicine in recognition of a $25 million estate gift made by Alan and Marlene Norton. Alan Norton graduated from the College of Medicine in 1966 and then went on to complete his residency and fellowship training at the Wilmer Eye Institute of Johns Hopkins University and Massachusetts Eye and Ear.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: In April 20, 2022, SUNY Upstate Medical University and Syracuse University reached a partnership to start a joint M.D./MBA program that will allow students the opportunity to earn two degrees within a five-year program.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: The College of Medicine's annual tuition for the MD program is: $43,670 (in-state) and $65,160 (out-of-state). The faculty-student ratio at Upstate Medical University is 0.9:1. The College of Medicine has 623 full-time faculty on staff.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: The college also offers fellowships to budding undergraduate students through its Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program, along with research training opportunities through its Post-baccalaureate Research and Education Program (PREP-Up).

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: Ph.D. students receive a competitive 12-month stipend of $27,121 and a full-tuition scholarship. By receiving stipends, Ph.D. students become part of the SUNY Graduate Student Employees Union, which provides periodic and automatic increases in stipend awards in addition to other benefits, including a low-cost health care package.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: There are over 400+ students enrolled at the College of Nursing and the college boasts an impressive nearly 100 percent job placement rate after graduation for those seeking work.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: The College of Health Professions was formed in 1971. However, programs in the Health Professions have been in existence on this campus since 1956. Students can choose from nine health care fields: Behavior Analysis Studies (MS), Cardiovascular Perfusion (MS), Medical Biotechnology (BS and MS), Medical Imaging Sciences (BS), Physical Therapy (DPT), Physician Assistant (MS), Radiation Therapy (BS) and Respiratory Therapy (BS).

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: The College of Health Professions annually admits over 130 students into its programs. Retention rates average approximately 90 percent for the college. There are 32 full-time and 8 part-time faculty. In addition, there are more than 240 clinical and adjunct faculty who contribute to the college's educational programs.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: Governor Andrew M. Cuomo congratulated Upstate Medical on its No.1 ranking COVID-19 saliva test by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for detecting the virus in its earliest stages. The test developed by Upstate Medical and NY Start-Up Quadrant Biosciences, called Clarifi COVID-19, was also cited by the FDA as being among the most sensitive tests.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: “You would find this only at the CDC or in an Army laboratory,” Thangamani, MD said of the Human Challenge Room. “It’s rare to find this in an academic setting."

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: Most recently, the MD program received over 7,000 applications for 160 seats, an increase of over 26% from the previous year to what some described as the "Fauci Effect". In 2020, the incoming class had an average GPA of 3.77 and MCAT score of 513, which is 90th percentile nationally. Over 52.6% of applicants were "Out of State" with respect to state residency and the remaining 47.4% were NYS residents.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: The College of Medicine has a 97% pass rate on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1. In addition, Upstate had a match rate of 97% vs. 92.8% nationally for US MD schools in 2021 for first-year residency positions."U.S. News & World Report" ranked the COM 31st in the Best Research category among all public medical schools nationally.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Context: In 2020, the PA program was ranked #46 nationally in the "Best Physician Assistant Programs" by U.S. News & World Report. The Physical Therapy program (DPT) was ranked #57 nationally in the "Best Physical Therapy Programs" by US News. In addition, the MPH program was ranked #104 nationally in the "Best Public Health Schools" category by US News.

Question: منى تأسست جامعة أبستيت نيويورك الطبية في مدينة سيراكيوز؟


Acne

Context: Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin condition that occurs when dead skin cells and oil from the skin clog hair follicles. Typical features of the condition include blackheads or whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and possible scarring. It primarily affects skin with a relatively high number of oil glands, including the face, upper part of the chest, and back. The resulting appearance can lead to anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and, in extreme cases, depression or thoughts of suicide.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Susceptibility to acne is primarily genetic in 80% of cases. The roles of diet and cigarette smoking in the condition are unclear, and neither cleanliness nor exposure to sunlight appear to play a part. In both sexes, hormones called androgens appear to be part of the underlying mechanism, by causing increased production of sebum. Another common factor is the excessive growth of the bacterium "Cutibacterium acnes", which is present on the skin.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Large nodules were previously called cysts. The term "nodulocystic" has been used in the medical literature to describe severe cases of inflammatory acne. True cysts are rare in those with acne, and the term "severe nodular acne" is now the preferred terminology.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: "Acne inversa" (L. invertō, "upside-down") and "acne rosacea" (rosa, "rose-colored" + -āceus, "forming") are not forms of acne and are alternate names that respectively refer to the skin conditions hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and rosacea. Although HS shares certain overlapping features with acne vulgaris, such as a tendency to clog skin follicles with skin cell debris, the condition otherwise lacks the hallmark features of acne and is therefore considered a distinct skin disorder.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Typical features of acne include increased secretion of oily sebum by the skin, microcomedones, comedones, papules, nodules (large papules), pustules, and often results in scarring. The appearance of acne varies with skin color. It may result in psychological and social problems.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Acne scars are caused by inflammation within the dermis and are estimated to affect 95% of people with acne vulgaris. Abnormal healing and dermal inflammation create the scar. Scarring is most likely to take place with severe acne but may occur with any form of acne vulgaris. Acne scars are classified based on whether the abnormal healing response following dermal inflammation leads to excess collagen deposition or loss at the site of the acne lesion.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Hypertrophic scars are uncommon and are characterized by increased collagen content after the abnormal healing response. They are described as firm and raised from the skin. Hypertrophic scars remain within the original margins of the wound, whereas keloid scars can form scar tissue outside of these borders. Keloid scars from acne occur more often in men and people with darker skin, and usually occur on the trunk of the body.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: In November 2021 a study was published exposing the consensus of twenty-four renowned international plastic surgeons and dermatologists about the most effective energy-based devices for the treatment of acne scars.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Risk factors for the development of acne, other than genetics, have not been conclusively identified. Possible secondary contributors include hormones, infections, diet, and stress. Studies investigating the impact of smoking on the incidence and severity of acne have been inconclusive. Sunlight and cleanliness are not associated with acne.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: There are few high-quality studies to demonstrate that stress causes or worsens acne. Despite being controversial, some research indicates that increased acne severity is associated with high stress levels in certain contexts, such as hormonal changes seen in premenstrual syndrome.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Some individuals experience severe intensification of their acne when they are exposed to hot humid climates; this is due to bacteria and fungus thriving in warm, moist environments. This climate induced acne exacerbation has been termed tropical acne.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Mechanical obstruction of skin follicles with helmets or chinstraps can worsen pre-existing acne. However, when acne is caused by mechanical obstruction it is not considered a form of acne vulgaris when being very technical. It would be an other acneiform eruption known as Acne mechanica.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: form of acne. Examples of such medications include lithium, hydantoin, isoniazid, glucocorticoids, iodides, bromides, and testosterone. When acne medicamentosa is specifically caused by anabolic–androgenic steroids it can simply be referred to as steroid acne.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit and develops due to blockages in the skin's hair follicles. These blockages occur as a result of the following four abnormal processes: increased oily sebum production (influenced by androgens), excessive deposition of the protein keratin leading to comedo formation, colonization of the follicle by "Cutibacterium acnes" ("C. acnes") bacteria, and the local release of pro-inflammatory chemicals in the skin.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: This inflammatory cascade typically leads to the formation of inflammatory acne lesions, including papules, infected pustules, or nodules. If the inflammatory reaction is severe, the follicle can break into the deeper layers of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and cause the formation of deep nodules. The involvement of AP-1 in the aforementioned inflammatory cascade activates matrix metalloproteinases, which contribute to local tissue destruction and scar formation.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: In general, it is recommended that people with acne do not wash affected skin more than twice daily. The application of a fragrance-free moisturizer to sensitive and acne-prone skin may reduce irritation. Skin irritation from acne medications typically peaks at two weeks after onset of use and tends to improve with continued use. Dermatologists recommend using cosmetic products that specifically say non-comedogenic, oil-free, and won't clog pores.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Side effects include increased skin photosensitivity, dryness, redness, and occasional peeling. Sunscreen use is often advised during treatment, to prevent sunburn. Lower concentrations of benzoyl peroxide are just as effective as higher concentrations in treating acne but are associated with fewer side effects. Unlike antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide does not appear to generate bacterial antibiotic resistance.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Oral antibiotics are recommended for no longer than three months as antibiotic courses exceeding this duration are associated with the development of antibiotic resistance and show no clear benefit over shorter durations. If long-term oral antibiotics beyond three months are used, then it is recommended that benzoyl peroxide or a retinoid be used at the same time to limit the risk of "C. acnes" developing antibiotic resistance.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Hormonal treatments for acne such as combined birth control pills and antiandrogens may be considered first-line therapy for acne under many circumstances, including desired contraception, known or suspected hyperandrogenism, acne during adulthood, acne that flares premenstrually, and when symptoms of significant sebum production (seborrhea) are co-present. Hormone therapy is effective for acne even in women with normal androgen levels.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Salicylic acid is a topically applied beta-hydroxy acid that stops bacteria from reproducing and has keratolytic properties. It is less effective than retinoid therapy. Salicylic acid opens obstructed skin pores and promotes the shedding of epithelial skin cells. Dry skin is the most commonly seen side effect with topical application, though darkening of the skin can occur in individuals with darker skin types.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Limited evidence supports comedo extraction, but it is an option for comedones that do not improve with standard treatment. Another procedure for immediate relief is the injection of a corticosteroid into an inflamed acne comedo. Electrocautery and electrofulguration are effective alternative treatments for comedones.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Dermal or subcutaneous fillers are substances injected into the skin to improve the appearance of acne scars. Fillers are used to increase natural collagen production in the skin and to increase skin volume and decrease the depth of acne scars. Examples of fillers used for this purpose include hyaluronic acid; poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres with collagen; human and bovine collagen derivatives, and fat harvested from the person's own body (autologous fat transfer).

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Subcision is useful for the treatment of superficial atrophic acne scars and involves the use of a small needle to loosen the fibrotic adhesions that result in the depressed appearance of the scar.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Many over-the-counter treatments in many forms are available, which are often known as cosmeceuticals. Certain types of makeup may be useful to mask acne. In those with oily skin, a water-based product is often preferred.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Rates appear to be lower in rural societies. While some research has found it affects people of all ethnic groups, acne may not occur in the non-Westernized peoples of Papua New Guinea and Paraguay.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Acne affects 40–50 million people in the United States (16%) and approximately 3–5 million in Australia (23%). Severe acne tends to be more common in people of Caucasian or Amerindian descent than in people of African descent.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Historical records indicate Pharaohs had acne, which may be the earliest known reference to the disease. Sulfur's usefulness as a topical remedy for acne dates back to at least the reign of Cleopatra (69–30 BCE). The sixth-century Greek physician Aëtius of Amida reportedly coined the term "ionthos" (ίονθωξ,) or "acnae", which seems to be a reference to facial skin lesions that occur during "the 'acme' of life" (puberty).

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: In the 16th century, the French physician and botanist François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix provided one of the earlier descriptions of acne. He used the term "psydracia achne" to describe small, red, and hard tubercles that altered a person's facial appearance during adolescence and were neither itchy nor painful.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Treatment of acne with topical crushed dry ice, known as cryoslush, was first described in 1907 but is no longer performed commonly. Before 1960, the use of X-rays was also a common treatment.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: The costs and social impact of acne are substantial. In the United States, acne vulgaris is responsible for more than 5 million doctor visits and costs over  billion each year in direct costs. Similarly, acne vulgaris is responsible for 3.5 million doctor visits each year in the United Kingdom. Sales for the top ten leading acne treatment brands in the US in 2015 amounted to $352million.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Misperceptions about acne's causative and aggravating factors are common, and people often blame those with acne for their condition. Such blame can worsen the affected person's sense of self-esteem. Until the 20th century, even among dermatologists, the list of causes was believed to include excessive sexual thoughts and masturbation. Dermatology's association with sexually transmitted infections, especially syphilis, contributed to the stigma.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Acne

Context: Decreased levels of retinoic acid in the skin may contribute to comedo formation. Researchers are investigating methods to increase the skin's production of retinoic acid to address this deficiency. A vaccine against inflammatory acne has shown promising results in mice and humans. Some have voiced concerns about creating a vaccine designed to neutralize a stable community of normal skin bacteria that is known to protect the skin from colonization by more harmful microorganisms.

Question: متى يصاب المرئ بحَب الشباب ؟


Body water

Context: In physiology, body water is the water content of an animal body that is contained in the tissues, the blood, the bones and elsewhere. The percentages of body water contained in various fluid compartments add up to total body water (TBW). This water makes up a significant fraction of the human body, both by weight and by volume. Ensuring the right amount of body water is part of fluid balance, an aspect of homeostasis.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: Most of animal body water is contained in various body fluids. These include intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid; plasma; interstitial fluid; and transcellular fluid. Water is also contained inside organs, in gastrointestinal, cerebrospinal, peritoneal, and ocular fluids. Adipose tissue contains about 10% of water, while muscle tissue contains about 75%.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: In "Netter's Atlas of Human Physiology", body water is broken down into the following "compartments:"

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: Total body water can be determined using Flowing afterglow mass spectrometry measurement of deuterium abundance in breath samples from individuals. A known dose of deuterated water (Heavy water, D2O) is ingested and allowed to equilibrate within the body water. The FA-MS instrument then measures the deuterium-to-hydrogen (D:H) ratio in the exhaled breath water vapour. The total body water is then accurately measured from the increase in breath deuterium content in relation to the volume of D2O ingested.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: Another method of determining total body water percentage (TBW%) is via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). In the traditional BIA method, a person lies on a cot and spot electrodes are placed on the hands and bare feet. Electrolyte gel is applied first, and then a weak current of frequency 50kHz is introduced. This AC waveform allows the creation of a current inside the body via the very capacitive skin without causing a DC flow or burns, and limited in the ~20mA range current for safety.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: BIA has emerged as a promising technique because of its simplicity, low cost, high reproducibility and noninvasiveness. BIA prediction equations can be either generalized or population-specific, allowing this method to be potentially very accurate. Selecting the appropriate equation is important to determining the quality of the results.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: For clinical purposes, scientists are developing a multi-frequency BIA method that may further improve the method's ability to predict a person's hydration level. New segmental BIA equipment that uses more electrodes may lead to more precise measurements of specific parts of the body.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: In humans, total body water can be estimated based on the premorbid (or ideal) body weight and correction factor.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: C is a coefficient for the expected percentage of weight made up of free water. For adult, non-elderly males, C = 0.6. For adult elderly males, malnourished males, or females, C = 0.5. For adult elderly or malnourished females C = 0.45. A total body water deficit (TBWD) can then be approximated by the following formula:

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: Where [Na]t = target sodium concentration (usually 140 mEq/L), and [Na]m = measured sodium concentration.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: The resultant value is the approximate volume of free water required to correct a hypernatremic state. In practice, the value rarely approximates the actual amount of free water required to correct a deficit due to insensible losses, urinary output, and differences in water distribution among patients.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: Water in the animal body performs a number of functions: as a solvent for transportation of nutrients; as a medium for excretion; a means for heat control; as a lubricant for joints; and for shock absorption.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: The usual way of adding water to a body is by drinking. Water also enters the body with foods, especially those rich in water, such as plants, raw meat, and fish.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: The amount of this water that is retained in animals is affected by several factors. Water amounts vary with the age of the animal. The older the vertebrate animal, the higher its relative bone mass and the lower its body water content.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: In diseased states, where body water is affected, the fluid compartment or compartments that have changed can give clues to the nature of the problem, or problems. Body water is regulated by hormones, including anti-diuretic hormone, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: Volume contraction is a decrease in body fluid volume, with or without a concomitant loss of osmolytes. The loss of the body water component of body fluid is specifically termed dehydration.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Body water

Context: Sodium loss approximately correlates with fluid loss from extracellular fluid, since sodium has a much higher concentration in extracelluliar fluid (ECF) than intracellular fluid (ICF). In contrast, K+ has a much higher concentration in ICF than ECF, and therefore its loss rather correlates with fluid loss from ICF, since K+ loss from ECF causes the K+ in ICF to diffuse out of the cells, dragging water with it by osmosis.

Question: ما هي نسبة الماء في جسم الإنسان البالغ ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: The Armed Forces of Yemen (Arabic: الْقُوَّاتُ الْمُسَلَّحَةُ الْيَّمَّنِيَّة romanized: "Al-Quwwat Al-Musallahah Al-Yamaniyah") are the military forces of the Republic of Yemen. They include the Yemeni Army (including the Republican Guard), Yemeni Navy (including the Marines) and the Yemeni Air Force (including the Air Defense Force). The capital of the country, Sana’a is where the military is headquartered. Per the constitution of Yemen, the President of Yemen serves as the commander-in-chief.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: The supreme commander of the armed forces is Field Marshal Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, the internationally recognized President of Yemen as well as Mahdi al-Mashat, the President of the Supreme Political Council.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: Since the Yemen civil war, the armed forces have been divided between loyalists of the former president Ali Abdullah Saleh and pro-government forces of president Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: The North Yemen Civil War began in 1962 and ended in 1970. It took place between the northern Yemen Arab Republican forces and the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen. The Royalists received support from Saudi Arabia and Jordan while the Republicans received support from Egypt and the Soviet Union, using about 55,000 Egyptian troops. The Royalists used local tribesmen.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: On May 10, the twin villages of Gahar and Gadafa in Wadi Hirran, where Prince Mohamed bin Mohsin was in command, were gas bombed, killing at least seventy-five. The Red Cross was alerted and on June 2, it issued a statement in Geneva expressing concern. The Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Berne made a statement, based on a Red Cross report, that the gas was likely to have been halogenous derivatives - phosgene, mustard gas, lewisite, chloride or cyanogen bromide.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: The gas attacks stopped for three weeks after the Six-Day War of June, but resumed on July, against all parts of royalist Yemen. Casualty estimates vary, and an assumption, considered conservative, is that the mustard and phosgene-filled aerial bombs caused approximately 1,500 fatalities and 1,500 injuries.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: Southern leaders declared secession and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Yemen (DRY) on 21 May 1994, but the DRY was not recognized by the international community. Ali Nasir Muhammad supporters greatly assisted military operations against the secessionists and Aden was captured on 7 July 1994. Other resistance quickly collapsed and thousands of southern leaders and military personnel went into exile.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: In March 2011, a month after the beginning of an uprising against President Saleh's rule, Maj. Gen. Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar, the commander of the 1st Armoured Division, defected to the side of the protesters taking hundreds of troops and several tanks to protect protesting citizens. Rival tanks of the 1st Armoured Division and the Republican Guard faced off against each other in Sann'a.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: The Yemeni Army's 119th Brigade, which had defected to the opposition, launched a joint operation with 31st and 201st Brigades which were still loyal to Saleh and retook the city of Zanjibar on 10 September from Islamist militants who were exploiting the chaos in the country to expand their influence. The offensive relieved besieged army units in the process.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: On 17 September, at least one rebel soldier was killed in clashes with loyalists in Sanaʽa near the city's central square, trying to protect the protest camp there from security forces. After anti-government tribesmen overran a loyalist army base north of Sanaʽa on 20 September, capturing 30 soldiers, the government responded with airstrikes killing up to 80 civilians.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: The Hadi government forces are organized into military districts, as established by the Presidential Decree No. 103 dating back from 2013, dividing each of the country's provinces into military regions. As of 2016, four are in active service under President Hadi, but the other three are areas under Houthi control. They include the following:

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: The Yemeni army has been reinforced by thousands of volunteers under Tareq Saleh's national resistance forces. Elements of the republican guard and the Giants brigade have joined the Yemeni army against the Houthis.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: The army is organized into eight armored brigades, 16 infantry brigades, six mechanized brigades, two airborne commando brigades, one surface-to-surface missile brigade, three artillery brigades, one central guard force, one Special Forces brigade, and six air defense brigades, which consist of four anti-aircraft artillery battalions and one surface-to-air missile battalion.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: The air force includes an air defense force. Yemen recently placed an order for TOR air defence systems, which will be far more advanced than the current air defense systems in place. The TOR order has been completed. The Yemeni Army has a total active strength of 66,700 troops.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: In 2001, Yemen's National Defense Council abolished the existing two-year compulsory military service, relying instead on volunteers to fill posts in the military and security forces. In 2007, the Yemeni government announced that it would reinstate the draft to counter unemployment; approximately 70,000 new recruits were expected to join the military.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: Yemen's defense spending was historically one of the government's three largest expenditures. The defense budget increased from US$540 million in 2001 to an estimated US$2 billion–US$2.1 billion in 2006, to which it was probably $3.5 billion by 2012. According to the U.S. government, the 2006 budget represents about 6 percent of gross domestic product.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: In 2009, Yemen's paramilitary force had about 71,000 troops. Approximately 50,000 constituted the Central Security Organization of the Ministry of Interior; they are equipped with a range of infantry weapons and armored personnel carriers.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: Yemen was building a small coast guard under the Ministry of Interior, training naval military technicians for posts in Aden and Mukalla.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: Yemen's navy was created in 1990 when North and South Yemen united. The navy's major bases are located in Aden and Al Hudaydah; there are also bases in Mukalla, Perim Island, and Socotra that maintain naval support equipment. Yemen's navy uses over 2,000 officers and seamen to support their main bases at Aden and Al Hudaydah. A naval fortress is in construction at Al Hudaydah.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: Yemen early on had problems with trying to keep drugs from entering Yemen by sea. In 2006, Yemen purchased ten patrol boats based on the Australian , which were very effective at stopping smugglers from entering Yemen.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Republic of Yemen Armed Forces

Context: In the Hanish Islands conflict, Yemen prepared its navy for an assault on the Hanish islands and on Eritrea. Eritrea accidentally destroyed a Russian ship thinking it was a Yemeni ship. However, the invasion never happened since Eritrea made agreements with Yemen which involved Eritrea taking over the islands. Yemen however, later took over Zukur-Hanish archipelago island which created further tensions with the Eritrean government but did not lead to another war.

Question: كم يبلغ عدد القوات المسلحة اليمنية الجاهزة للقتال ؟


Religion in France

Context: In 2015, the Eurobarometer, a survey funded by the European Union, found that Christianity was the religion of 54.3% of the respondents, with Catholicism being the main denomination with 47.8%, followed by other Christians with 4.1% (Protestants with 1.8% and the Eastern Orthodox with 0.6%). Muslims were found to comprise the 3.3%, Jews were the 0.4% and members of other religions were the 1.6%. Unaffiliated people were the 40.4%, 22.8% declared to be atheist and 17.6% declared to be agnostic.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: According to the European Value Survey, between 2010 and 2012, 47% of French youth declared themselves as Christians, while according to IFOP study, based on a sample of 406, around 52% of 11 to 15 years declared themselves as Catholics, and according to CSA poll, around 65.4% of 18 to 24 year-old French declared themselves as Christians. A 2010 Pew Research Center survey found that 60% of French (7 millions) between the ages of 15 to 29 identified themselves as Christians.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: France guarantees freedom of religion as a constitutional right and the government generally respects this right in practice. A tradition of anticlericalism led the state to break its ties to the Catholic Church in 1905 and adopt a strong commitment to maintaining a totally secular public sector.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Catholicism is the largest religion in France. During the pre-1789 "Ancien Régime", France was traditionally considered the Church's eldest daughter, and the King of France always maintained close links to the Pope. However, the "Gallicanism" policy meant that the king selected bishops.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: A strong Protestant population resided in France, primarily of Reformed confession. It was persecuted by the state for most of the time, with temporary periods of relative toleration. These wars continued throughout the 16th century, with the 1572 St. Bartholomew's Day massacre as its apex, until the 1598 Edict of Nantes issued by Henry IV.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: For the first time, Huguenots were considered by the state as more than mere heretics. The Edict of Nantes thus opened a path for secularism and tolerance. In offering general freedom of conscience to individuals, the edict offered many specific concessions to the Protestants, for instance, amnesty and the reinstatement of their civil rights, including the right to work in any field or for the State and to bring grievances directly to the king.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: The 1685 revocation of the Edict of Nantes created a state of affairs in France similar to that of virtually every other European country of the period, where only the majority state religion was tolerated. The experiment of religious toleration in Europe was effectively ended for the time being. In practice, the revocation caused France to suffer a brain drain, as it lost a large number of skilled craftsmen, including key designers such as Daniel Marot.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Following the Thermidorian Reaction the persecutions of Catholic clergy ceased and the role of new cults practically ended.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: The Catholic Church was badly hurt by the Revolution. By 1800 it was poor, dilapidated and disorganized, with a depleted and aging clergy. The younger generation had received little religious instruction, and was unfamiliar with traditional worship. However, in response to the external pressures of foreign wars, religious fervor was strong, especially among women.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Napoleon III was also a strong supporter of Catholic interests, financing the church and supporting Catholic missionaries in the emerging French Empire. His primary goal was conciliation of all the religious and anti-religious interests in France, to avoid the furious hatreds and battles that took place during the revolution, and that would reappear after he lost power.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Republicans feared that religious orders in control of schools—especially the Jesuits and Assumptionists—indoctrinated anti-republicanism into children. Determined to root this out, republicans insisted the state needed control of the schools for France to achieve economic and militaristic progress. (Republicans felt one of the primary reasons for the German victory in 1870 was their superior education system.)

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: The early anti-Catholic laws were largely the work of republican Jules Ferry in 1882. Religious instruction was pushed out of all schools, and religious orders were forbidden to teach in them. Funds were appropriated from religious schools to build more state schools. Later in the century, other laws passed by Ferry's successors further weakened the Church's position in French society. Civil marriage became the only legal one, divorce was introduced, and chaplains were removed from the army.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: When Leo XIII became pope in 1878, he tried to calm Church-State relations. In 1884, he told French bishops not to act in a hostile manner toward the State ('Nobilissima Gallorum Gens').

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In 1892, he issued an encyclical advising French Catholics to rally to the Republic and defend the Church by participating in republican politics ('Au milieu des sollicitudes').

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Emile Combes, when elected Prime Minister in 1902, was determined to defeat Catholicism thoroughly. Shortly after taking office, he closed down all parochial schools in France. Then he had parliament reject authorisation of all religious orders. This meant that all fifty-four orders in France were dissolved and about 20,000 members immediately left France, many for Spain.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: The Combes government worked with Masonic lodges to create a secret surveillance of all army officers to make sure that devout Catholics would not be promoted. Exposed as the Affaire Des Fiches, the scandal undermined support for the Combes government, and he resigned. It also undermined morale in the army, as officers realized that hostile spies examining their private lives were more important to their careers than their own professional accomplishments.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Radicals (as they called themselves) achieved their main goals in 1905: they repealed Napoleon's 1801 Concordat. Church and State were finally separated. All Church property was confiscated. Religious personnel were no longer paid by the State. Public worship was given over to associations of Catholic laymen who controlled access to churches. However, in practice, masses and rituals continued to be performed.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In the late 1950s after the end of the Algerian war, hundreds of thousands of Muslims, including some who had supported France (Harkis), settled permanently to France. They went to the larger cities where they lived in subsidized public housing, and suffered very high unemployment rates. In October 2005, the predominantly Arab-immigrant suburbs of Paris, Lyon, Lille, and other French cities erupted in rioting by socially alienated young people, many of them second- or third-generation immigrants.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: For the next three convulsive weeks, riots spread from suburb to suburb, affecting more than three hundred towns...Nine thousand vehicles were torched, hundreds of public and commercial buildings destroyed, four thousand rioters arrested, and 125 police officers wounded.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Traditional interpretations say the riots were spurred by radical Muslims or unemployed youth. Another view states that the riots reflected broader problem of racism and police violence in France.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In March 2012, a Muslim radical named Mohammed Merah shot three French soldiers and four Jewish citizens, including children in Toulouse and Montauban.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In January 2015, the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, that had ridiculed Muhammad, and a Jewish grocery store came under attack from radicalized Muslims who had been born and raised in the Paris region. World leaders rallied to Paris to show their support for free speech. Analysts agree that the episode had a profound impact on France. "The New York Times" summarized the ongoing debate:

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: So as France grieves, it is also faced with profound questions about its future: How large is the radicalized part of the country's Muslim population, the largest in Europe? How deep is the rift between France's values of secularism, of individual, sexual and religious freedom, of freedom of the press and the freedom to shock, and a growing Muslim conservatism that rejects many of these values in the name of religion?

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In 2016, "Ipsos Global Trends", a multi-nation survey held by Ipsos and based on approximately 1,000 interviews, found that Christianity is the religion of 45% of the working-age, internet connected population of France; 42% stated they were Catholic, 2% stated that they were Protestants, and 1% declared to belong to any Orthodox church.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In 2019, the Eurobarometer, a survey funded by the European Union, found that Christianity was the religion of 47% of the French, with Catholicism being the main denomination with 41%, followed by Orthodox Christian, Protestants and other Christians with 2% each one.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: A 2016 survey held by Institut Montaigne and Ifop found that 5.6% of the French population had an Islamic background, while 5.3% declared they were Muslims by faith. According to the same survey 84.9% of surveyed people who had at least one Muslim parent said were Muslims, 3.4% were Christians, 10.0% were not religious and 1.3% belonged to other religions.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: According to Pew Research, in 2050 France will be 12.7% Muslim in the zero migration scenario (no migration to or from Europe), 17.4% in the medium migration scenario (regular migration continues and refugee flows cease), or 18% in the high migration scenario (2014 to mid-2016 refugee inflow patterns continue as well as regular migration).

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In 2016, 0.8% of the total population of France, or about 535,000 people, were religious Jews. In the 21st century, France has the largest Jewish population in Europe and the third-largest Jewish population in the world (after Israel and the United States).

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Jewish presence in France is documented since the early Middle Ages. France was a center of Jewish learning in the Middle Ages, but persecution increased as the Middle Ages wore on, including multiple expulsions and returns. During the late 18th-century French Revolution, France was the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population. Antisemitism nonetheless persisted despite legal equality, manifested for instance in the Dreyfus affair of the late 19th century.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: During World War II, the Vichy government collaborated with Nazi occupiers to deport numerous French Jews and foreign Jewish refugees to concentration camps. 75% of the local Jewish population in France nonetheless survived the Holocaust, but a much higher percentage of the foreign Jewish refugees who had more recently arrived to France were deported and killed.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In 2012, the European headquarters of the Fo Guang Shan monastic order opened in France, near Paris. It was the largest Buddhist temple in Europe at that time.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Hinduism is a minority religion followed in France by 0.25% of total population, mainly by Indians and Sri Lankans, in whom Tamils community forms a major group in the country. Though being in very small number, the Hindu culture deeply influence the society of France by Yoga, Meditation and in recent times organisations like ISKCON had played a major role.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: The more identitary and reconstructionist Pagan movements are the majority and are represented by Celtic Druidry and Germanic Heathenry, while Wicca is an example of a non-identitary Pagan movement. Polytheism, nature worship, animism and pantheism are common features in Pagan theology. Rituals take place in both public and in private domestic settings. Academic research has placed the Pagan movement along a spectrum, with eclecticism on one end and polytheistic reconstructionism on the other.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Many Pagans hold that different lands (and/or cultures) have their own natural religion, with many legitimate interpretations of divinity, and therefore reject religious exclusivism.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: While the Pagan community has tremendous variety in political views spanning the whole of the political spectrum, environmentalism is often a common feature.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: Many groups have around 1,000 members, including Antoinism, Aumism, Christian Science, Invitation to Life, Raelism, and the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, while the Unification Church has around 400 members. In 1995, France created the first French parliamentary commission on cult activities which led to a report registering a number of religious groups considered as socially disruptive and/or dangerous. Some of these groups have been banned, including the Children of God.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In Paris and the surrounding Île-de-France region French Muslims tend to be more educated and religious, and the vast majority of them consider themselves loyal to France. Among Muslims in Paris, in the early 2010s, 77% disagreed when asked whether violence is an acceptable moral response for a noble cause or not; 73% said that they were loyal to France; and 18% believed homosexuality to be acceptable.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: In 2015 there were 2,500 mosques in France, up from 2,000 in 2011. In 2015, Dalil Boubakeur, rector of the Grand Mosque of Paris, said the number should be doubled to accommodate the large and growing population of French Muslims.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Religion in France

Context: France came to an uproar in January, 2015, when eight writers and cartoonists were shot dead by two terrorists who raided the French satirical magazine "Charlie Hebdo." For years, it had been threatened by Muslims fundamentalists for publishing cartoons criticizing Muhammad. While condemnation of this attack was unanimous in the West and amongst the internationally recognized governments of the Muslim World, some militants approved, stating was right to kill those who insult Muhammad.

Question: ما هي نسبة البروتستانت في معتقدي الديانة النصرنية في فرنسا لحد سنة 2010؟


Fraser Stoddart

Context: He was awarded a Doctor of Science degree from the University of Edinburgh in 1980 for his research into stereochemistry beyond the molecule. In 1990, he moved to the Chair of Organic Chemistry at the University of Birmingham and was Head of the School of Chemistry there (1993–97) before moving to UCLA as the Saul Winstein Professor of Chemistry in 1997, succeeding Nobel laureate Donald Cram.

Question: متى حاز فريزر ستودارت على جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية؟


Fraser Stoddart

Context: During 35 years, nearly 300 PhD students and postdoctoral researchers have been trained in his laboratories.

Question: متى حاز فريزر ستودارت على جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية؟


Fraser Stoddart

Context: In 2008, he established the Mechanostereochemistry Group and was named Board of Trustees Professor in Chemistry at Northwestern University.

Question: متى حاز فريزر ستودارت على جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية؟


Fraser Stoddart

Context: In 2016, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Ben Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. In 2017, Stoddart was appointed a part-time position at the University of New South Wales to establish his "New Chemistry" initiative at the UNSW School of Chemistry. In 2019, Sir Fraser Stoddart introduced a premium skin care brand called "Noble Panacea", which utilizes aspects of his work.

Question: متى حاز فريزر ستودارت على جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية؟


Fraser Stoddart

Context: Stoddart is one of only a few chemists of the past quarter century to pioneer a new field in organic chemistry. By establishing a new field where the main feature is mechanical bonds he has paved the way for molecular recognition, self-assembly processes for template-directed mechanically interlocked syntheses, molecular switches, and motor-molecules. These advances have formed the basis of the fields of nanoelectronic devices, nanoelectromechanical systems, and molecular machines.

Question: متى حاز فريزر ستودارت على جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية؟


Fraser Stoddart

Context: Stoddart has pioneered the use of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures to create nanomechanical systems. He has demonstrated that such devices can be fabricated using a combination of the bottom-up approach of molecular self-assembly and a top-down approach of lithography and microfabrication.

Question: متى حاز فريزر ستودارت على جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية؟


Fraser Stoddart

Context: The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) predicted that Fraser Stoddart was a likely laureate of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George M. Whitesides and Seiji Shinkai for their contributions to molecular self-assembly. However, the Prize eventually went to Peter Agre and Roderick MacKinnon.

Question: متى حاز فريزر ستودارت على جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية؟


Fraser Stoddart

Context: Stoddart is an American and British citizen. Stoddart married Norma Agnes Scholan, in 1968 until her death in 2004 from cancer and has two daughters. Norma Stoddart obtained a PhD in biochemistry and helped support the research efforts of her husband at the Universities of Sheffield, Birmingham, and California, Los Angeles.

Question: متى حاز فريزر ستودارت على جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية؟


Fraser Stoddart

Context: The Fraser and Norma Stoddart Prize for PhD students has been established at their alma mater, the University of Edinburgh. It was given for the first time in 2013.

Question: متى حاز فريزر ستودارت على جائزة الملك فيصل العالمية؟


George Went Hensley

Context: After arriving in Ohio, Hensley returned to his personal ministry and held services in the area. Because he was illiterate, Bertha would read passages from the Bible during services, after which Hensley would deliver a sermon on a theme drawn from the verses. He also frequently preached on the topic of faith healing during this period. He remained in Ohio for several years, divorcing Amanda in 1926.

Question: ما سبب وفاة جورج وينت هينسلي؟


George Went Hensley

Context: While ministering at a Salvation Army church in Ohio in 1926, Hensley met Irene Klunzinger. He married her in 1927, although he was about 25 years her senior. After the wedding, they moved to Washingtonville, Ohio, near one of Hensley's brothers. There Hensley found employment at a coal mine and Irene gave birth to their first child. They later moved to nearby Malvern, Ohio, where she bore their second child.

Question: ما سبب وفاة جورج وينت هينسلي؟


George Went Hensley

Context: Hensley continued to travel around Tennessee, receiving a mixed reception from those who were aware of his past. Some who knew him were willing to forgive him and welcome him back in a ministerial role, but he remained estranged from most of his family. His son Roscoe saw him preach in 1944. The younger Hensley was also a pastor by then, but had never seen his father conduct a service.

Question: ما سبب وفاة جورج وينت هينسلي؟


George Went Hensley

Context: Hensley was the father of eight children with his first wife, Amanda. They separated in 1922. One of their children claimed that the separation occurred after an incident in which Hensley became drunk and fought a neighbor. Amanda left the area and found work in a Chattanooga hosiery mill, but soon became ill and bedridden. Hensley's sister and brother-in-law traveled to Chattanooga to care for her.

Question: ما سبب وفاة جورج وينت هينسلي؟


Safi-ad-din Ardabili

Context: Safi-ad-din Ardabili ( "Ṣāfī ad-Dīn Isḥāq Ardabīlī"; 1252/3 – 1334) was a poet, mystic, teacher and Sufi master. He was the son-in-law and spiritual heir of the Sufi master Zahed Gilani, whose order—the Zahediyeh—he reformed and renamed the Safaviyya, which he led from 1301 to 1334.

Question: اين عاش المتصوف  صفي الدين الأردبيلي؟


Safi-ad-din Ardabili

Context: Safi-ad-din was of Kurdish origins. According to Minorsky, Sheykh Safi al-Din's ancestor Firuz-Shah Zarrin-Kolah was a rich man, lived in Gilan and then Kurdish kings gave him Ardabil and its dependencies. Vladimir Minorsky refers to Sheykh Safi al-Din's claims tracing back his origins to Ali ibn Abu Talib, but expresses uncertainty about this.

Question: اين عاش المتصوف  صفي الدين الأردبيلي؟


Safi-ad-din Ardabili

Context: Safi al-Din has composed poems in the Iranian dialect of old Tati. He was a seventh-generation descendant of Firuz-Shah Zarrin-Kolah, a local Iranian dignitary.

Question: اين عاش المتصوف  صفي الدين الأردبيلي؟


Safi-ad-din Ardabili

Context: Only a very few verses of Safi al-Din's poetry, called "Dobayti"s ("double verses"), have survived. Written in old Tati and Persian, they have linguistic importance today.

Question: اين عاش المتصوف  صفي الدين الأردبيلي؟


Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder

Context: The disorder is the most common personality disorder in the United States, and is diagnosed twice as often in males as in females, however, there is evidence to suggest the prevalence between men and women is equal.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: People with OCPD tend to be obsessed with controlling their environments; to satisfy this need for control, they become preoccupied with trivial details, lists, procedures, rules, and schedules.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: People with this disorder are so obsessed with doing everything the "right and correct" way that they have a hard time understanding and appreciating the ideas, beliefs, and values of other people, and are reluctant to change their views, especially on matters of morality and politics.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Individuals with this disorder may display little affection and warmth; their relationships and speech tend to have a formal and professional approach, and not much affection is expressed even to loved ones, such as greeting or hugging a significant other at an airport or train station.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Their need for restricting affection is a defense mechanism used to control their emotions. They may expunge emotions from their memories and organize them as a library of facts and data; the memories are intellectualized and rationalized, not experiences that they can feel. This helps them avoid unexpected emotions and feelings and allows them to remain in control. They view self-exploration as a waste of time and have a patronising attitude towards emotional people.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: In his book, Personality Disorders in Modern Life, Theodore Millon describes 5 types of obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, which he shortened to compulsive personality disorder.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: This form of compulsive personality is a mixture of negativistic and compulsive behavior. When faced with dilemmas, they procrastinate and attempt to stall the decision through any means. They are in a constant battle between their desires and will, and may engage in self-defeating behavior and self-torture in order to resolve the internal conflict. Their identity is unstable, and they are indecisive.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Other studies have found links between attachment theory and the development of OCPD. According to this hypothesis, those with OCPD have never developed a secure attachment style, had overbearing parents, were shown little care, and were unable to develop empathetically and emotionally.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: The eight criteria of OCPD described in the DSM-5 (of which four are required to be present in a patient for a diagnosis) are:

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: The list of criteria for the ICD-10 is similar, but does not include the last three criteria in the above list, and additionally includes the symptoms "intrusive thoughts" and "excessive doubt and caution" as criteria for diagnosis.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: The DSM-5 also includes an alternative set of diagnostic criteria as per the dimensional model of conceptualising personality disorders. Under the proposed set of criteria, a person only receives a diagnosis when there is an impairment in two out of four areas of one's personality functioning, and when there are three out of four pathological traits, one of which must be rigid perfectionism.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: The patient must also meet the general criteria C through G for a personality disorder, which state that the traits and symptoms being displayed by the patient must be stable and unchanging over time with an onset of at least adolescence or early adulthood, visible in a variety of situations, not caused by another mental disorder, not caused by a substance or medical condition, and abnormal in comparison to a person's developmental stage and culture/religion.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: There are several mental disorders in the DSM-5 that are listed as differential diagnoses for OCPD. They are as follows:

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: The World Health Organization's ICD-10 uses the term "" (). At least four of the following must be present:

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Several disorders have been observed to have a higher risk of comorbidity with OCPD, they include: obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, Asperger's syndrome, mood disorder, and anxiety.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: OCPD is often confused with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite the similar names, they are two distinct disorders. Some OCPD individuals do have OCD, and the two can be found in the same family, sometimes along with eating disorders.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: The rate of comorbidity of OCPD in patients with OCD is estimated to be around 15–28%. However, due to the addition of the hoarding disorder diagnosis in the DSM-5, and studies showing that hoarding may not be a symptom of OCPD, the true rate of comorbidity may be much lower.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: There is significant similarity in the symptoms of OCD and OCPD, which can lead to complexity in distinguishing them clinically. For example, perfectionism is an OCPD criterion and a symptom of OCD if it involves the need for tidiness, symmetry, and organization. Hoarding is also considered both a compulsion found in OCD and a criterion for OCPD in the DSM-5. Even though OCD and OCPD are seemingly separate disorders there are obvious redundancies between the two concerning several symptoms.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: In contrast, the symptoms seen in OCPD, although repetitive, are not linked with repulsive thoughts, images, or urges. OCPD characteristics and behaviors are known as ego-syntonic, as people with this disorder view them as suitable and correct. On the other hand, the main features of perfectionism and inflexibility can result in considerable suffering in an individual with OCPD as a result of the associated need for control.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Comorbidity between OCD and OCPD has been linked to a more severe presentation of symptoms, a younger age of onset, more significant impairment in functioning, poorer insight, and higher comorbidity of depression and anxiety.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Perfectionism has been linked with AN in research for decades. A researcher in 1949 described the behavior of the average “anorexic girl” as being "rigid" and "hyperconscious", observing a tendency to "[n]eatness, meticulosity, and a mulish stubbornness not amenable to reason [which] make her a rank perfectionist".

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Recently, in 2020, the connection between mental fatigue and OCPD was published for the first time, even though mental fatigue has been previously associated with identified characteristics of OCPD such as workaholic behavior and perfectionism.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: A diagnosis of OCPD is common with anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and mood disorders. OCPD is also highly comorbid with Cluster A personality disorders,[4]

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: especially paranoid and schizotypal personality disorders. OCPD has also been linked to a higher relapse in those who are treated for major depressive disorder, and a higher risk of suicidal behaviour.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: OCPD is also linked to hypochondriasis, with some studies estimating a rate of co-occurrence as high as 55.7%.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Moreover, OCPD has been found to be very common among some medical conditions, including Parkinson's disease and the hypermobile subtype of Ehler-Danlos syndrome. The latter may be explained by the need for control that arises from musculoskeletal problems and the associated features that arise early in life, whilst the former can be explained by dysfunctions in the fronto-basal ganglia circuitry.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: The best-validated treatment for OCPD is cognitive therapy (CT) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with studies showing an improvement in areas of personality impairment, and reduced levels of anxiety and depression. Group CBT is also associated with an increase in extraversion and agreeableness and reduced neuroticism. Interpersonal psychotherapy has been linked to even better results when it came to reducing depressive symptoms.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Estimates for the prevalence of OCPD in the general population are 7.8%, making it the most common personality disorder. Current evidence is inconclusive as to whether OCPD is more common in men than women, or in equal rates among sexes. It is estimated to occur in 8.7% of psychiatric outpatient settings.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: A study of data collected in the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions looked specifically for seven personality disorders as defined by the DSM-IV. The study concluded the most prevalent personality disorder of the survey's population to be OCPD, at 7.88%. This study also concluded there were no gender differences in prevalence and that OCPD was not a predicter of disability.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: Aubrey Lewis, in 1936, in his book "Problems of Obsessional Illness", Lewis suggests that anal-erotic characteristics are found in patients without obsessive thoughts, and proposed two types of obsessional personality, one melancholy and stubborn, the other uncertain and indecisive.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: In the book "Contributions to the theory of the anal character," Karl Abraham noted that the core feature of the anal character is being perfectionistic, and he believed that these traits will help an individual in becoming industrious and productive, whilst hindering their social and interpersonal functioning, such as working with others.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: OCPD was included in the first edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association under the name "compulsive personality". It was defined as a chronic and excessive preoccupation with adherence to rules and standards of conscience. Other symptoms included rigidity, over-conscientiousness, and a reduced ability to relax.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: The DSM-II (1968) changed the name to "obsessive-compulsive personality", and also suggested the term "anankastic personality" in order to reduce confusion between OCPD and OCD, but the proposed name was removed from later editions. The symptoms described in the DSM-II closely resembled those in the original DSM.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Context: With DSM-IV, OCPD was classified as a 'Cluster C' personality disorder. There was a dispute about the categorization of OCPD as an Axis II anxiety disorder. Although the DSM-IV attempted to distinguish between OCPD and OCD by focusing on the absence of obsessions and compulsions in OCPD, OC personality traits are easily mistaken for abnormal cognitions or values considered to underpin OCD. The disorder is neglected and understudied area of research.

Question: ما سبب اضطراب الشخصية الوسواسية ؟


Dog type

Context: A "dog type" can be referred to broadly, as in gun dog, or more specifically, as in spaniel. Dogs raised and trained for a specific working ability rather than appearance may not closely resemble other dogs doing the same work, or any of the dogs of the analogous breed group of purebred dogs.

Question: ما هو عدد أنواع الكلاب ؟


Dog type

Context: In 2011, a study found that herding dogs were more trainable than hounds, working dogs, toy dogs, and non-sporting dogs. Sporting dogs were more trainable than non-sporting dogs. Terriers were bolder than hounds and herding dogs. Breeds with ancient Asian or African origin were less trainable than breeds in the herding/sighthound cluster and the hunting breeds. Breeds in the mastiff/terrier cluster were bolder than the ancient breeds, the breeds in the herding/sighthound cluster, and the hunting breeds.

Question: ما هو عدد أنواع الكلاب ؟


Dog type

Context: Note 1: Every modern dog breed has a written "standard" that describes in detail aspects of its appearance. Modern breed standards are the basis of the sport of dog showing, as each dog is compared against the ideal of the written standard, and awards are based on how closely the dog resembles the standard. Their origin comes from the earliest European cynegetica: on a "sound hunting dog" see Xenophon, and the "correct type" of good sighthound, the "vertragus", see Arrian.

Question: ما هو عدد أنواع الكلاب ؟


Dog type

Context: Note 2: Many modern breeds of dogs still use the names of early types, although they may or may not resemble the original types.

Question: ما هو عدد أنواع الكلاب ؟


Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (book)

Context: After the success of Walt Disney's film "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", author Anne Carroll Moore suggested that Gág retell the story of Snow White in a manner more faithful to the original Brothers Grimm story. Gag translated the text from the German and designed the illustrations.

Question: من كاتب قصة بيضاء الثلج؟


Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (book)

Context: The book is printed in white and black. The cover depicts a young girl with black hair looking out the window of a small red house.

Question: من كاتب قصة بيضاء الثلج؟


Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (book)

Context: Years pass by, and one day a young prince walking through the forest spots Snow White in the casket. He begs the dwarfs to let him take her to the castle, after much pleading they agree. On the way to the castle, the men rock the casket and a piece of the apple is dislodged from Snow White's throat. her prince, and the seven dwarfs live happily ever after.

Question: من كاتب قصة بيضاء الثلج؟


Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (book)

Context: "Publishers Weekly" described the book as "a stunning version of the Grimms' classic story". Books Links found that "the pen-and-ink drawings are treasures, loaded with details" and that "inventive compositions and an asymmetrical picture shape are key features in Gág’s works".

Question: من كاتب قصة بيضاء الثلج؟


Muhammad

Context: The revelations (each known as "Ayah" literally, "Sign [of God]") that Muhammad reported receiving until his death form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the verbatim "Word of God" on which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad's teachings and practices ("sunnah"), found in the Hadith and "sira" (biography) literature, are also upheld and used as sources of Islamic law (see Sharia).

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: The name "Muhammad" () means "praiseworthy" and appears four times in the Quran. The Quran also addresses Muhammad in the second person by various appellations; prophet, messenger, servant of God ("'abd"), announcer ("bashir"), witness ("shahid"), bearer of good tidings ("mubashshir"), warner ("nathir"), reminder ("mudhakkir"), one who calls [unto God] ("dā'ī"), light personified ("noor"), and the light-giving lamp ("siraj munir").

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: The Quran is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims believe it represents the words of God revealed by the archangel Gabriel to Muhammad. The Quran, however, provides minimal assistance for Muhammad's chronological biography; most Quranic verses do not provide significant historical context.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Important sources regarding Muhammad's life may be found in the historic works by writers of the 2nd and 3rd centuries of the Muslim era (AH – 8th and 9th century CE). These include traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad, which provide additional information about Muhammad's life.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Many scholars accept these early biographies as authentic, though their accuracy is unascertainable. Recent studies have led scholars to distinguish between traditions touching legal matters and purely historical events. In the legal group, traditions could have been subject to invention while historic events, aside from exceptional cases, may have been only subject to "tendential shaping".

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Other important sources include the hadith collections, accounts of verbal and physical teachings and traditions attributed to Muhammad. Hadiths were compiled several generations after his death by Muslims including Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi, Abd ar-Rahman al-Nasai, Abu Dawood, Ibn Majah, Malik ibn Anas, al-Daraqutni.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: In his teens, Muhammad accompanied his uncle on Syrian trading journeys to gain experience in commercial trade. Islamic tradition states that when Muhammad was either nine or twelve while accompanying the Meccans' caravan to Syria, he met a Christian monk or hermit named Bahira who is said to have foreseen Muhammad's career as a prophet of God.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Muhammad began to pray alone in a cave named Hira on Mount Jabal al-Nour, near Mecca for several weeks every year. Islamic tradition holds that during one of his visits to that cave, in the year 610 the angel Gabriel appeared to him and commanded Muhammad to recite verses that would be included in the Quran. Consensus exists that the first Quranic words revealed were the beginning of .

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Tradition records at great length the persecution and ill-treatment towards Muhammad and his followers. Sumayyah bint Khayyat, a slave of a prominent Meccan leader Abu Jahl, is famous as the first martyr of Islam; killed with a spear by her master when she refused to give up her faith. Bilal, another Muslim slave, was tortured by Umayyah ibn Khalaf who placed a heavy rock on his chest to force his conversion.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: In 616 (or 617), the leaders of Makhzum and Banu Abd-Shams, two important Quraysh clans, declared a public boycott against Banu Hashim, their commercial rival, to pressure it into withdrawing its protection of Muhammad. The boycott lasted three years but eventually collapsed as it failed in its objective. During this time, Muhammad was able to preach only during the holy pilgrimage months in which all hostilities between Arabs were suspended.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Some western scholars hold that the Isra and Mi'raj journey traveled through the heavens from the sacred enclosure at Mecca to the celestial "al-Baytu l-Maʿmur" (heavenly prototype of the Kaaba); later traditions indicate Muhammad's journey as having been from Mecca to Jerusalem.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: The Hijra is the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. In June 622, warned of a plot to assassinate him, Muhammad secretly slipped out of Mecca and moved his followers to Medina, north of Mecca.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Muhammad instructed his followers to emigrate to Medina, until nearly all his followers left Mecca. Being alarmed at the departure, according to tradition, the Meccans plotted to assassinate Muhammad. With the help of Ali, Muhammad fooled the Meccans watching him, and secretly slipped away from the town with Abu Bakr. By 622, Muhammad emigrated to Medina, a large agricultural oasis. Those who migrated from Mecca along with Muhammad became known as "muhajirun" (emigrants).

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Muhammad expelled from Medina the Banu Qaynuqa, one of three main Jewish tribes, but some historians contend that the expulsion happened after Muhammad's death. According to al-Waqidi, after Abd-Allah ibn Ubaiy spoke for them, Muhammad refrained from executing them and commanded that they be exiled from Medina. Following the Battle of Badr, Muhammad also made mutual-aid alliances with a number of Bedouin tribes to protect his community from attacks from the northern part of Hejaz.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: The Meccans were eager to avenge their defeat. To maintain economic prosperity, the Meccans needed to restore their prestige, which had been reduced at Badr. In the ensuing months, the Meccans sent ambush parties to Medina while Muhammad led expeditions against tribes allied with Mecca and sent raiders onto a Meccan caravan. Abu Sufyan gathered an army of 3000 men and set out for an attack on Medina.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Many Muslims were not satisfied with the treaty. However, the Quranic sura "Al-Fath" (The Victory) (Quran ) assured them that the expedition must be considered a victorious one. It was later that Muhammad's followers realized the benefit behind the treaty. These benefits included the requirement of the Meccans to identify Muhammad as an equal, cessation of military activity allowing Medina to gain strength, and the admiration of Meccans who were impressed by the pilgrimage rituals.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: The Meccans replied that they accepted the last condition. Soon they realized their mistake and sent Abu Sufyan to renew the Hudaybiyyah treaty, a request that was declined by Muhammad.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Following the conquest of Mecca, Muhammad was alarmed by a military threat from the confederate tribes of Hawazin who were raising an army double the size of Muhammad's. The Banu Hawazin were old enemies of the Meccans. They were joined by the Banu Thaqif (inhabiting the city of Ta'if) who adopted an anti-Meccan policy due to the decline of the prestige of Meccans. Muhammad defeated the Hawazin and Thaqif tribes in the Battle of Hunayn.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: In the same year, Muhammad organized an attack against northern Arabia because of their previous defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah and reports of hostility adopted against Muslims. With great difficulty he assembled 30,000 men; half of whom on the second day returned with Abd-Allah ibn Ubayy, untroubled by the damning verses which Muhammad hurled at them. Although Muhammad did not engage with hostile forces at Tabuk, he received the submission of some local chiefs of the region.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: He also ordered the destruction of any remaining pagan idols in Eastern Arabia. The last city to hold out against the Muslims in Western Arabia was Taif. Muhammad refused to accept the city's surrender until they agreed to convert to Islam and allowed men to destroy the statue of their goddess Al-Lat.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: A few months after the farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad fell ill and suffered for several days with fever, head pain, and weakness. He died on Monday, 8 June 632, in Medina, at the age of 62 or 63, in the house of his wife Aisha. With his head resting on Aisha's lap, he asked her to dispose of his last worldly goods (seven coins), then spoke his final words:

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: According to the "Encyclopaedia of Islam", Muhammad's death may be presumed to have been caused by Medinan fever exacerbated by physical and mental fatigue. Academics Reşit Haylamaz and Fatih Harpci say that "Ar-Rafiq Al-A'la" is referring to God.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Economic reforms addressed the plight of the poor, which was becoming an issue in pre-Islamic Mecca. The Quran requires payment of an alms tax (zakat) for the benefit of the poor; as Muhammad's power grew he demanded that tribes who wished to ally with him implement the zakat in particular.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: In Muhammad al-Bukhari's book Sahih al-Bukhari, in Chapter 61, Hadith 57 & Hadith 60, Muhammad is depicted by two of his companions thus:

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: The description given in Muhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi's book Shama'il al-Mustafa, attributed to Ali ibn Abi Talib and Hind ibn Abi Hala is as follows:

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: The "seal of prophecy" between Muhammad's shoulders is generally described as having been a type of raised mole the size of a pigeon's egg. Another description of Muhammad was provided by Umm Ma'bad, a woman he met on his journey to Medina:

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Descriptions like these were often reproduced in calligraphic panels (Turkish: "hilye"), which in the 17th century developed into an art form of their own in the Ottoman Empire.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Muhammad's life is traditionally defined into two periods: pre-hijra (emigration) in Mecca (from 570 to 622), and post-hijra in Medina (from 622 until 632). Muhammad is said to have had thirteen wives in total (although two have ambiguous accounts, Rayhana bint Zayd and Maria al-Qibtiyya, as wife or concubine). Eleven of the thirteen marriages occurred after the migration to Medina.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: According to traditional sources, Aisha was six or seven years old when betrothed to Muhammad, with the marriage not being consummated until she reached the age of nine or ten years old. She was therefore a virgin at marriage. Modern Muslim authors who calculate Aisha's age based on other sources of information, such as a hadith about the age difference between Aisha and her sister Asma, estimate that she was over thirteen and perhaps in her late teens at the time of her marriage.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Muhammad performed household chores such as preparing food, sewing clothes, and repairing shoes. He is also said to have had accustomed his wives to dialogue; he listened to their advice, and the wives debated and even argued with him.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Nine of Muhammad's wives survived him. Aisha, who became known as Muhammad's favourite wife in Sunni tradition, survived him by decades and was instrumental in helping assemble the scattered sayings of Muhammad that form the Hadith literature for the Sunni branch of Islam.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Muhammad's descendants through Fatimah are known as "sharifs", "syeds" or "sayyids". These are honorific titles in Arabic, "sharif" meaning 'noble' and "sayed" or "sayyid" meaning 'lord' or 'sir'. As Muhammad's only descendants, they are respected by both Sunni and Shi'a, though the Shi'a place much more emphasis and value on their distinction.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Zayd ibn Haritha was a slave that Muhammad bought, freed, and then adopted as his son. He also had a wetnurse. According to a BBC summary, "the Prophet Muhammad did not try to abolish slavery, and bought, sold, captured, and owned slaves himself. But he insisted that slave owners treat their slaves well and stressed the virtue of freeing slaves. Muhammad treated slaves as human beings and clearly held some in the highest esteem".

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Muslim tradition credits Muhammad with several miracles or supernatural events. For example, many Muslim commentators and some Western scholars have interpreted the Surah as referring to Muhammad splitting the Moon in view of the Quraysh when they began persecuting his followers. Western historian of Islam Denis Gril believes the Quran does not overtly describe Muhammad performing miracles, and the supreme miracle of Muhammad is identified with the Quran itself.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad was attacked by the people of Ta'if and was badly injured. The tradition also describes an angel appearing to him and offering retribution against the assailants. It is said that Muhammad rejected the offer and prayed for the guidance of the people of Ta'if.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: The Sunnah contributed much to the development of Islamic law, particularly from the end of the first Islamic century.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Muslim mystics, known as sufis, who were seeking for the inner meaning of the Quran and the inner nature of Muhammad, viewed the prophet of Islam not only as a prophet but also as a perfect human being. All Sufi orders trace their chain of spiritual descent back to Muhammad.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Followers of the Baháʼí Faith venerate Muhammad as one of a number of prophets or "Manifestations of God". He is thought to be the final manifestation, or seal of the Adamic cycle, but consider his teachings to have been superseded by those of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí faith, and the first Manifestation of the current cycle.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Druze tradition honors several "mentors" and "prophets", and Muhammad is considered an important prophet of God in the Druze faith, being among the seven prophets who appeared in different periods of history.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Criticism of Muhammad has existed since the 7th century, when Muhammad was decried by his non-Muslim Arab contemporaries for preaching monotheism, and by the Jewish tribes of Arabia for his perceived appropriation of Biblical narratives and figures and proclamation of himself as the "Seal of the Prophets".

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: During the Middle Ages, various Western and Byzantine Christian thinkers criticized Muhammad's morality, and labelled him a false prophet or even the Antichrist, and he was frequently portrayed in Christendom as being either a heretic or as being possessed by demons.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Muhammad

Context: Modern religious and secular criticism of Islam has concerned Muhammad's sincerity in claiming to be a prophet, his morality, his marriages, his ownership of slaves, his treatment of his enemies, his handling of doctrinal matters and his psychological condition.

Question: كم عدد أبناء/بنات محمّد بن أحمد بن نبهان بن خضر ؟


Alexander's Bridge

Context: Bartley Alexander is a construction engineer and world-renowned builder of bridges undergoing a mid-life crisis. Although married to Winifred, Bartley resumes his acquaintance with a former lover, Hilda Burgoyne, in London. The affair gnaws at Bartley's sense of propriety and honor.

Question: ماهى أول مؤلفات ويلا كاثر ؟


Alexander's Bridge

Context: Professor Wilson arrives at the Alexanders' house in Boston, Bartley Alexander having persuaded him to attend a Congress of Psychologists in the city. He is greeted by Winifred Alexander. When her husband comes home the men talk; Winifred plays the piano for them. The next day, she tells Wilson how she met her husband through her aunt.

Question: ماهى أول مؤلفات ويلا كاثر ؟


Alexander's Bridge

Context: Later, Hugh MacConnell walks Hilda back to her house on a foggy day. She says she isn't attracted to him; they are just close friends. In her house, she receives a letter from Bartley, saying he is going mad away from her. This prompts her to visit him in America to tell him she will marry another man; Bartley doesn't like the idea. They spend one last evening together.

Question: ماهى أول مؤلفات ويلا كاثر ؟


Alexander's Bridge

Context: It has been argued that the story might have been prompted by the collapse of the Quebec bridge on August 29, 1907.

Question: ماهى أول مؤلفات ويلا كاثر ؟


Kate Chopin

Context: Kate Chopin (, ; born Katherine O'Flaherty; February 8, 1851 – August 22, 1904) was an American author of short stories and novels based in Louisiana. She is considered by scholars to have been a forerunner of American 20th-century feminist authors of Southern or Catholic background, such as Zelda Fitzgerald, and is one of the most frequently read and recognized writers of Louisiana Creole heritage. She is best known today for her 1899 novel "The Awakening".

Question: أين ولدت  الكاتبة كايت شوبن؟


Kate Chopin

Context: Her major works were two short story collections and two novels. The collections are "Bayou Folk" (1894) and "A Night in Acadie" (1897). Her important short stories included "Désirée's Baby" (1893), a tale of miscegenation in antebellum Louisiana, "The Story of an Hour" (1894), and "The Storm" (1898). "The Storm" is a sequel to "At the Cadian Ball (1892)," which appeared in her first collection of short stories, "Bayou Folk."

Question: أين ولدت  الكاتبة كايت شوبن؟


Kate Chopin

Context: Chopin also wrote two novels: "At Fault" (1890) and "The Awakening" (1899), which are set in New Orleans and Grand Isle, respectively. The characters in her stories are usually residents of Louisiana, and many are Creoles of various ethnic or racial backgrounds. Many of her works are set in Natchitoches in north-central Louisiana, a region where she lived.

Question: أين ولدت  الكاتبة كايت شوبن؟