Chancellor of Germany

Context: According to the Weimar Constitution of 1919, the chancellor was head of a collegial government. The chancellor was appointed and dismissed by the president, as were the ministers, upon proposal by the chancellor. The chancellor or any minister had to be dismissed if demanded by parliament. As today, the chancellor had the prerogative to determine the guidelines of government ("Richtlinienkompetenz"). In reality this power was limited by coalition government and the president.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: When the Nazis came to power on 30 January 1933, the Weimar Constitution was "de facto" set aside. After the death of President Hindenburg in 1934, Adolf Hitler, the dictatorial party leader and chancellor, took over the powers of the president. The new official title became "Führer und Reichskanzler" (meaning "Leader and Imperial Chancellor").

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The 1949 constitution gave the chancellor much greater powers than during the Weimar Republic, while strongly diminishing the role of the president. Germany is today often referred to as a "chancellor democracy", reflecting the role of the chancellor as the country's chief executive.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: Since 1867, 33 individuals have served as heads of government of Germany, West Germany, or Northern Germany, nearly all of them with the title of Chancellor.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The head of the federal government of the North German Confederation, which was created on 1 July 1867, had the title "Bundeskanzler". The only person to hold the office was Otto von Bismarck, the prime minister of Prussia. The king, being the bearer of the "Bundespräsidium", installed him on 14 July.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: Under the constitution of 1 January 1871, the king had additionally the title of Emperor. The constitution still called the chancellor "Bundeskanzler". This was only changed in the new constitution of 16 April 1871 to "Reichskanzler". The office remained the same, and Bismarck was not even re-installed.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: In the 1871 German Empire, the "Reichskanzler" ("Imperial Chancellor") served both as the emperor's first minister and as presiding officer of the Bundesrat, the upper chamber of the German parliament. He was neither elected by nor responsible to Parliament (the "Reichstag"). Instead, the chancellor was appointed by the emperor.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The term chancellor signalled the seemingly low priority of this institution compared to the governments of the German states, because the new chancellor of the federal empire should not be a full-fledged prime minister, in contrast to the heads of the states. The title of chancellor additionally symbolized a strong monarchist, bureaucratic, and ultimately antiparliamentary component, as in the Prussian tradition of, for instance, Hardenberg.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: In both of these aspects, the executive of the federation, and then empire, as it was formed in 1867 and 1871, was deliberately different from the Imperial Ministry of the revolutionary years 1848–49, which had been led by a prime minister elected by the National Assembly.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The constitution of Germany was altered on 29 October 1918, when the parliament was given the right to dismiss the chancellor. However, the change could not prevent the outbreak of a revolution a few days later.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: On 9 November 1918, Chancellor Max von Baden handed over his office of chancellor to Friedrich Ebert. Ebert continued to serve as head of government during the three months between the end of the German Empire in November 1918 and the first gathering of the National Assembly in February 1919, but did not use the title of chancellor.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: During that time, Ebert also served as chairman of the "Council of the People's Deputies", until 29 December 1918 together with the Independent Social Democrat Hugo Haase.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The office of chancellor was continued in the Weimar Republic. The chancellor (Reichskanzler) was appointed by the president and was responsible to the parliament.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: Under the Weimar Republic, the chancellor was a fairly weak figure. Much like his French counterpart, he was usually more the cabinet's chairman than its leader. Cabinet decisions were made by majority vote. In fact, many of the Weimar governments depended highly on the cooperation of the president, due to the difficulty of finding a majority in the parliament.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: Whichever major party (CDU/CSU or SPD) does not hold the chancellorship usually calls its leading candidate for the federal election "chancellor-candidate" ("Kanzlerkandidat"). The federal government ("Bundesregierung") consists of the chancellor and cabinet ministers.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The chancellor's authority emanates from the provisions of the Basic Law and in practice from their status as leader of the party (or coalition of parties) holding a majority of seats in the "Bundestag" (federal parliament). With the exception of Helmut Schmidt and Olaf Scholz, the chancellor has also been chairman of their own party. This was the case with Chancellor Gerhard Schröder from 1999 until he resigned the chairmanship of the SPD in 2004.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: Article 65 of the Basic Law sets forth three principles that define how the executive branch functions:

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: As of May 2022, there are two living former chancellors of Germany. The most recent death of a former chancellor was that of Helmut Kohl (1982–1998), on 16 June 2017.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The chancellor is elected by the Bundestag and formally appointed by the president of Germany. A chancellor's election is necessary whenever the office of Chancellor has fallen vacant. This is the case if a newly elected Bundestag meets for the first time, or if the chancellor dies or resigns.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: Another possibility to vote a new chancellor into office is the constructive vote of no confidence, which allows the Bundestag to replace a sitting chancellor, if it elects a new chancellor with the "chancellor-majority" (see below).

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: As of 2021, all chancellors of the federal republic have been (re-)elected on proposal of the President and on the first ballot with the sole exception of Helmut Kohl, who was elected to his first term via a constructive vote of no confidence against Helmut Schmidt.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: In order to garner legislative support in the "Bundestag", the chancellor can also ask for a motion of confidence ("Vertrauensfrage", literally "question of trust"), either combined with a legislative proposal or as a standalone vote. If such a vote fails, the chancellor may ask the president for the dissolution of the "Bundestag".

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The chancellor must appoint one of the cabinet ministers as vice chancellor (Article 69.1 Basic Law). The vice chancellor may deputise for the chancellor, if they are absent or unable to perform their duties. Although the chancellor is theoretically free to choose any cabinet minister, in coalition governments the leadership of the second biggest coalition party usually designates one of their ministers for the position, whom the chancellor appoints accordingly.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: President Heinemann followed the request. Vice Chancellor Walter Scheel was appointed acting chancellor and served for nine days until the election of Helmut Schmidt on 16 May 1974.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: Scheel not taken into account, three persons, Ludwig Erhard, Willy Brandt, and Olaf Scholz have held both the office of Vice Chancellor and Chancellor of Germany.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The current vice chancellor of Germany is Robert Habeck, who also serves as Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection in the Scholz cabinet.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: Since 2001, the official seat of the chancellor is the Federal Chancellery in Berlin ("Bundeskanzleramt"). The former seat of the Federal Chancellery, the Palais Schaumburg in the former capital Bonn, now serves as a secondary official seat. The chancellor's country retreat is Schloss Meseberg in the state of Brandenburg.

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: The correct style of address in German is "Herr Bundeskanzler" (male) or "Frau Bundeskanzlerin" (female). In international correspondence, the chancellor is referred to as "His/Her Excellency the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany" ("Seine/Ihre Exzellenz der Bundeskanzler/die Bundeskanzlerin der Bundesrepublik Deutschland").

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


Chancellor of Germany

Context: Holding the third-highest state office available within Germany, the chancellor of Germany receives €220,000 per annum and a €22,000 bonus, i.e. one and two thirds of Salary Grade B11 (according to § 11 (1) a of the Federal Law on MinistersBundesministergesetz, BGBl. 1971 I p. 1166 and attachment IV to the Federal Law on Salaries of OfficersBundesbesoldungsgesetz, BGBl. 2002 I p. 3020)

Question: 독일의 연방 수상은 누구인가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: Following the relocation of the Chargers to Los Angeles in 2017, the Padres became the only franchise in the four major American professional sports leagues in the San Diego sports market.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The Padres adopted their name from the Pacific Coast League team that arrived in San Diego in 1936. That minor league franchise won the PCL title in 1937, led by 18-year-old Ted Williams, the future Hall-of-Famer who was a native of San Diego. The team's name, Spanish for "fathers", refers to the Spanish Franciscan friars who founded San Diego in 1769.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The team's fortunes gradually improved as they won five National League West titles and reached the World Series twice, in 1984 and in 1998, but lost both times. The Padres' main draw during the 1980s and 1990s was Tony Gwynn, who won eight league batting titles. They moved into their current stadium, Petco Park, in 2004.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: On August 20, 2020, the Padres became the first team in MLB history to hit a grand slam in four consecutive games earning the nickname, "Slam Diego Padres".

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: Until 2021, the Padres were the last team in MLB that have yet to throw a no-hitter. The record was broken on April 9, 2021, as Joe Musgrove accomplished the feat against the Texas Rangers, finally ending the longest no-hit drought by a team in MLB history. On September 5, 1997, Andy Ashby took a no-hitter into the 9th inning, which was previously the closest that the team had come to achieving this feat.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The team has played its spring training games at the Peoria Sports Complex in Peoria, Arizona since 1994. They share the stadium with the Seattle Mariners.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: Throughout the team's history, the San Diego Padres have used multiple logos, uniform, and color combinations.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: In 1974, the Padres returned to wearing traditional uniforms. The home design now had a script "Padres" lettering in front, with the road design keeping much of the original aesthetic. Chest numbers were also added. In 1976, the Padres ditched the buttons in favor of pullovers for their home uniform. In addition, they went with a brown uniform top for road games, featuring gold sleeves and gold letters.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: In 1980, the Padres added orange to the palette. The team's next uniform set removed the contrasting colored sleeves and chest numbers, and orange was added to the letters and striping of the home uniforms and trim and striping of the road uniforms. The caps were also updated to feature orange trim on the "SD" and within the gold panel. In 1984, the Padres added the initials "RAK" on the left sleeve in honor of Ray Kroc.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: In 1985, the Padres switched to using a script-like logo in which "Padres" was written sloped up. That would later become a script logo for the Padres. The team's colors were changed to brown and orange and remained this way through the 1990 season. In 1989, the Padres took the scripted Padres logo and put it in a gray ring that read "San Diego Baseball Club" with a striped center.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: That same year, the Padres returned to wearing traditional buttoned uniforms. The home uniforms featured the script "Padres" in front while the road uniforms had the "SD" emblazoned on the left chest. Brown letters with orange trim and brown pinstripes adorned both uniforms. The "RAK" initials remained until 1986. An all-brown cap with the orange "SD" was used with the uniform.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The home uniform kept the pinstripes but was changed to navy blue, which was also implemented on the letters. The road uniforms eliminated the pinstripes and added the city name in navy blue block letters with white trim and orange drop shadows. A navy cap with the "S" in white and "D" in orange was used with the uniform. The team logo was added on the left sleeve in 1996.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The Padres unveiled a navy blue alternate uniform in 1997, featuring the team name in front written in navy blue with orange drop shadows. Other features included orange numbers at the back and white piping along the chest, neck and sleeves. White chest numbers were added in 1999. Initially, the swinging friar logo was added to the left sleeve, but was removed after the 1998 season in favor of the team's primary logo which lasted until the 2000 season.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The following year, the Padres began wearing an alternate home white uniform which bore the same features as the primary home uniform minus the pinstripes and orange trim. Navy blue piping was also added. An alternate navy cap with the white "SD" was used with the uniform. This uniform became the primary in 2001, after which the pinstriped uniforms were retired following that season.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: In 2011, the Padres' road uniform was changed to a grey base, and the navy and sand caps were used exclusively with the navy alternates. After the season, the alternate navy cap was retired.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The San Diego area is home to a number of military installations, including several Navy and Coast Guard bases centered on San Diego Bay, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar (former home of the "Top Gun" training program), and the Marine Corps training ground at Camp Pendleton. Civilians employed at those bases account for around 5% of the county's working population.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The "Swinging Friar" is currently the mascot of the team. Some in the past have confused The Famous Chicken as the mascot of the Padres. Although he does make appearances occasionally at San Diego sporting events, he has never been the official mascot of any San Diego sports team.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The Padres have retired six numbers. Five were in honor of Padre players and one was Jackie Robinson's number 42, which was retired by all of Major League Baseball. The retired numbers are displayed on the upper deck facade behind home plate.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The Padres also have a "star on the wall" in honor of broadcaster Jerry Coleman, in reference to his trademark phrase "Oh Doctor! You can hang a star on that baby!" Nearby the initials of the late owner Ray Kroc are also displayed. Both the star and the initials are painted in gold on the front of the pressbox down the right-field line accompanied by the name of the person in white. Kroc was honored in 1984, Coleman in 2001.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The following 16 people have been inducted into the San Diego Padres Hall of Fame since it was founded in 1999.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: Gwynn, Winfield, Fingers, Gossage, Randy Jones, and Graig Nettles (3B, 1984–1987) are members of the San Diego Hall of Champions, which is open to athletes native to the San Diego area (such as Nettles) as well as to those who played for San Diego teams (such as Gwynn).

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: Padres' games are currently televised by Bally Sports San Diego. Don Orsillo is the play-by-play announcer, with Mark Grant as color analyst and either Julie Alexandria, Ron Zinter, or Bob Scanlan as field reporter. Mike Pomeranz hosts the "Padres Live" pre- and post-game show along with Mark Sweeney.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: Spanish language telecasts of Sunday games are seen XHAS-TDT channel 33. Until September 2007, Friday and Saturday games were seen in Spanish on KBOP-CA channel 43, until that station changed to an all-infomercial format. This makes XHAS-TDT the only over-the-air-television station carrying Padres baseball. English-language Padres over-the-air broadcasts aired through the years on XETV-TV 6, KCST-TV 39, KUSI-TV 51, KFMB-TV 8 and KSWB-TV 69.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: The San Diego Padres were first portrayed in the 1979 NBC made-for-TV film "The Kid from Left Field", starring Gary Coleman as Jackie Robinson "J.R." Cooper, a youngster who is passionate about baseball, and puts his knowledge to good use when he becomes the manager of the Padres and helps lead them to the World Series.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


San Diego Padres

Context: In 2016, the San Diego Padres were portrayed once again in the one-season Fox television series "Pitch", starring Kylie Bunbury as Ginny Baker, the first female to play in Major League Baseball.

Question: 샌디에이고 파드리스 창립일은 언젠가요?


Religion

Context: Religion is usually defined as a social-cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements; however, there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: The study of religion comprises a wide variety of academic disciplines, including theology, philosophy of religion, comparative religion, and social scientific studies. Theories of religion offer various explanations for the origins and workings of religion, including the ontological foundations of religious being and belief.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Julius Caesar used to mean "obligation of an oath" when discussing captured soldiers making an oath to their captors. The Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder used the term on elephants in that they venerate the sun and the moon. Cicero used as being related to (worship of the gods).

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: In the ancient Greece, the Greek term () was loosely translated into Latin as in late antiquity. was sparsely used in classical Greece but became more frequently used in the writings of Josephus in the 1st century AD. It was used in mundane contexts and could mean multiple things from respectful fear to excessive or harmfully distracting practices of others; to cultic practices. It was often contrasted with the Greek word , which meant too much fear.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: The Sanskrit word dharma, sometimes translated as religion, also means law. Throughout classical South Asia, the study of law consisted of concepts such as penance through piety and ceremonial as well as practical traditions. Medieval Japan at first had a similar union between imperial law and universal or Buddha law, but these later became independent sources of power.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: According to the philologist Max Müller in the 19th century, the root of the English word religion, the Latin , was originally used to mean only reverence for God or the gods, careful pondering of divine things, piety (which Cicero further derived to mean diligence). Müller characterized many other cultures around the world, including Egypt, Persia, and India, as having a similar power structure at this point in history. What is called ancient religion today, they would have only called law.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Scholars have failed to agree on a definition of religion. There are, however, two general definition systems: the sociological/functional and the phenomenological/philosophical.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: The concept of religion originated in the modern era in the West. Parallel concepts are not found in many current and past cultures; there is no equivalent term for religion in many languages. Scholars have found it difficult to develop a consistent definition, with some giving up on the possibility of a definition. Others argue that regardless of its definition, it is not appropriate to apply it to non-Western cultures.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: An increasing number of scholars have expressed reservations about ever defining the essence of religion. They observe that the way the concept today is used is a particularly modern construct that would not have been understood through much of history and in many cultures outside the West (or even in the West until after the Peace of Westphalia). The MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religions states:

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: The theologian Antoine Vergote took the term supernatural simply to mean whatever transcends the powers of nature or human agency. He also emphasized the cultural reality of religion, which he defined as

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Peter Mandaville and Paul James intended to get away from the modernist dualisms or dichotomous understandings of immanence/transcendence, spirituality/materialism, and sacredness/secularity. They define religion as

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: According to the "MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religions", there is an experiential aspect to religion which can be found in almost every culture:

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Friedrich Schleiermacher in the late 18th century defined religion as "das schlechthinnige Abhängigkeitsgefühl", commonly translated as "the feeling of absolute dependence".

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: His contemporary Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel disagreed thoroughly, defining religion as "the Divine Spirit becoming conscious of Himself through the finite spirit."

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Edward Burnett Tylor defined religion in 1871 as "the belief in spiritual beings". He argued that narrowing the definition to mean the belief in a supreme deity or judgment after death or idolatry and so on, would exclude many peoples from the category of religious, and thus "has the fault of identifying religion rather with particular developments than with the deeper motive which underlies them". He also argued that the belief in spiritual beings exists in all known societies.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: In his book "The Varieties of Religious Experience", the psychologist William James defined religion as "the feelings, acts, and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine". By the term divine James meant "any object that is god"like", whether it be a concrete deity or not" to which the individual feels impelled to respond with solemnity and gravity.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Echoes of James' and Durkheim's definitions are to be found in the writings of, for example, Frederick Ferré who defined religion as "one's way of valuing most comprehensively and intensively". Similarly, for the theologian Paul Tillich, faith is "the state of being ultimately concerned", which "is itself religion. Religion is the substance, the ground, and the depth of man's spiritual life."

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: When religion is seen in terms of sacred, divine, intensive valuing, or ultimate concern, then it is possible to understand why scientific findings and philosophical criticisms (e.g., those made by Richard Dawkins) do not necessarily disturb its adherents.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason, has been considered a source of religious beliefs. The interplay between faith and reason, and their use as perceived support for religious beliefs, have been a subject of interest to philosophers and theologians. The origin of religious belief as such is an open question, with possible explanations including awareness of individual death, a sense of community, and dreams.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: The practices of a religion may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration of a deity (god or goddess), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, religious music, religious art, sacred dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Religions have a societal basis, either as a living tradition which is carried by lay participants, or with an organized clergy, and a definition of what constitutes adherence or membership.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: A number of disciplines study the phenomenon of religion: theology, comparative religion, history of religion, evolutionary origin of religions, anthropology of religion, psychology of religion (including neuroscience of religion and evolutionary psychology of religion), law and religion, and sociology of religion.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Daniel L. Pals mentions eight classical theories of religion, focusing on various aspects of religion: animism and magic, by E.B. Tylor and J.G. Frazer; the psycho-analytic approach of Sigmund Freud; and further Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Mircea Eliade, E.E. Evans-Pritchard, and Clifford Geertz.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Michael Stausberg gives an overview of contemporary theories of religion, including cognitive and biological approaches.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Sociological and anthropological theories of religion generally attempt to explain the origin and function of religion. These theories define what they present as universal characteristics of religious belief and practice.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: The origin of religion is uncertain. There are a number of theories regarding the subsequent origins of religious practices.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Anthropologists John Monoghan and Peter Just state that, "it seems apparent that one thing religion or belief helps us do is deal with problems of human life that are significant, persistent, and intolerable. One important way in which religious beliefs accomplish this is by providing a set of ideas about how and why the world is put together that allows people to accommodate anxieties and deal with misfortune."

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: While religion is difficult to define, one standard model of religion, used in religious studies courses, was proposed by Clifford Geertz, who simply called it a "cultural system". A critique of Geertz's model by Talal Asad categorized religion as "an anthropological category". Richard Niebuhr's (1894–1962) five-fold classification of the relationship between Christ and culture, however, indicates that religion and culture can be seen as two separate systems, though not without some interplay.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Hallucinations and delusions related to religious content occurs in about 60% of people with schizophrenia. While this number varies across cultures, this had led to theories about a number of influential religious phenomenon and possible relation to psychotic disorders. A number of prophetic experiences are consistent with psychotic symptoms, although retrospective diagnoses are practically impossible. Schizophrenic episodes are also experienced by people who do not have belief in gods.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Religious content is also common in temporal lobe epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Atheistic content is also found to be common with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: In the field of comparative religion, a common geographical classification of the main world religions includes Middle Eastern religions (including Zoroastrianism and Iranian religions), Indian religions, East Asian religions, African religions, American religions, Oceanic religions, and classical Hellenistic religions.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: In the 19th and 20th centuries, the academic practice of comparative religion divided religious belief into philosophically defined categories called world religions. Some academics studying the subject have divided religions into three broad categories:

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Some scholars classify religions as either "universal religions" that seek worldwide acceptance and actively look for new converts, such as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Jainism, while "ethnic religions" are identified with a particular ethnic group and do not seek converts. Others reject the distinction, pointing out that all religious practices, whatever their philosophical origin, are ethnic because they come from a particular culture.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: The five largest religious groups by world population, estimated to account for 5.8 billion people and 84% of the population, are Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism (with the relative numbers for Buddhism and Hinduism dependent on the extent of syncretism) and traditional folk religion.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Other denominations of Islam include Nation of Islam, Ibadi, Sufism, Quranism, Mahdavia, and non-denominational Muslims. Wahhabism is the dominant Muslim schools of thought in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Whilst Judaism, Christianity and Islam are commonly seen as the only three Abrahamic faiths, there are smaller and newer traditions which lay claim to the designation as well.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: For example, the Baháʼí Faith is a new religious movement that has links to the major Abrahamic religions as well as other religions (e.g. of Eastern philosophy). Founded in 19th-century Iran, it teaches the unity of all religious philosophies and accepts all of the prophets of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as well as additional prophets (Buddha, Mahavira), including its founder Bahá'u'lláh. It is an offshoot of Bábism. One of its divisions is the Orthodox Baháʼí Faith.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: East Asian religions (also known as Far Eastern religions or Taoic religions) consist of several religions of East Asia which make use of the concept of Tao (in Chinese), Dō (in Japanese or Korean) or Đạo (in Vietnamese). They include:

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Indian religions are practiced or were founded in the Indian subcontinent. They are sometimes classified as the "dharmic religions", as they all feature dharma, the specific law of reality and duties expected according to the religion.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Folk religions are often omitted as a category in surveys even in countries where they are widely practiced, e.g. in China.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: There are also notable African diasporic religions practiced in the Americas, such as Santeria, Candomble, Vodun, Lucumi, Umbanda, and Macumba.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Iranian religions are ancient religions whose roots predate the Islamization of Greater Iran. Nowadays these religions are practiced only by minorities.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Zoroastrianism is based on the teachings of prophet Zoroaster in the 6th century BCE. Zoroastrians worship the creator Ahura Mazda. In Zoroastrianism, good and evil have distinct sources, with evil trying to destroy the creation of Mazda, and good trying to sustain it.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Kurdish religions include the traditional beliefs of the Yazidi, Alevi, and Ahl-e Haqq. Sometimes these are labeled Yazdânism.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Studies have focused on secularization. In particular, the issue of wearing religious symbols in public, such as headscarves that are banned in French schools, have received scholarly attention in the context of human rights and feminism.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Science acknowledges reason and empirical evidence; and religions include revelation, faith and sacredness whilst also acknowledging philosophical and metaphysical explanations with regard to the study of the universe. Both science and religion are not monolithic, timeless, or static because both are complex social and cultural endeavors that have changed through time across languages and cultures.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Many religions have value frameworks regarding personal behavior meant to guide adherents in determining between right and wrong. These include the Triple Jems of Jainism, Judaism's Halacha, Islam's Sharia, Catholicism's Canon Law, Buddhism's Eightfold Path, and Zoroastrianism's good thoughts, good words, and good deeds concept, among others.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Religion and morality are not synonymous. While it is "an almost automatic assumption." in Christianity, morality can have a secular basis.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: The study of religion and morality can be contentious due to ethnocentric views on morality, failure to distinguish between in group and out group altruism, and inconsistent definitions of religiosity.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Secularization is the transformation of the politics of a society from close identification with a particular religion's values and institutions toward nonreligious values and secular institutions. The purpose of this is frequently modernization or protection of the populations religious diversity.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: One study has found there is a negative correlation between self-defined religiosity and the wealth of nations. In other words, the richer a nation is, the less likely its inhabitants to call themselves religious, whatever this word means to them (Many people identify themselves as part of a religion (not irreligion) but do not self-identify as religious).

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Mayo Clinic researchers examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality, and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life, and other health outcomes. The authors reported that: "Most studies have shown that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills, and health-related quality of life (even during terminal illness) and less anxiety, depression, and suicide."

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: The authors of a subsequent study concluded that the influence of religion on health is largely beneficial, based on a review of related literature. According to academic James W. Jones, several studies have discovered "positive correlations between religious belief and practice and mental and physical health and longevity."

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Critics like Hector Avalos Regina Schwartz, Christopher Hitchens and Richard Dawkins have argued that religions are inherently violent and harmful to society by using violence to promote their goals, in ways that are endorsed and exploited by their leaders.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Anthropologist Jack David Eller asserts that religion is not inherently violent, arguing "religion and violence are clearly compatible, but they are not identical." He asserts that "violence is neither essential to nor exclusive to religion" and that "virtually every form of religious violence has its nonreligious corollary."

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Done by some (but not all) religions, animal sacrifice is the ritual killing and offering of an animal to appease or maintain favour with a deity. It has been banned in India.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Greek and Roman pagans, who saw their relations with the gods in political and social terms, scorned the man who constantly trembled with fear at the thought of the gods ("deisidaimonia"), as a slave might fear a cruel and capricious master. The Romans called such fear of the gods "superstitio". Ancient Greek historian Polybius described superstition in ancient Rome as an "instrumentum regni", an instrument of maintaining the cohesion of the Empire.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Superstition has been described as the non-rational establishment of cause and effect. Religion is more complex and is often composed of social institutions and has a moral aspect. Some religions may include superstitions or make use of magical thinking. Adherents of one religion sometimes think of other religions as superstition. Some atheists, deists, and skeptics regard religious belief as superstition.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Recent interfaith initiatives include A Common Word, launched in 2007 and focused on bringing Muslim and Christian leaders together, the "C1 World Dialogue", the Common Ground initiative between Islam and Buddhism, and a United Nations sponsored "World Interfaith Harmony Week".

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Culture and religion have usually been seen as closely related. Paul Tillich looked at religion as the soul of culture and culture as the form or framework of religion. In his own words:

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Religion as ultimate concern is the meaning-giving substance of culture, and culture is the totality of forms in which the basic concern of religion expresses itself. In abbreviation: religion is the substance of culture, culture is the form of religion. Such a consideration definitely prevents the establishment of a dualism of religion and culture. Every religious act, not only in organized religion, but also in the most intimate movement of the soul, is culturally formed.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Religion

Context: Criticism of religion is criticism of the ideas, the truth, or the practice of religion, including its political and social implications.

Question: 지구상에는 몇 개의 종교가 있는가?


Mont Blanc

Context: The climate is cold and temperate (Köppen climate classification "Cfb"), and is greatly influenced by altitude.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: The 1860 act and attached maps are still legally valid for both the French and Italian governments. In the second half of the nineteenth century, on surveys carried out by a cartographer of the French army, Captain JJ Mieulet, a topographic map was published in France, which incorporated the summit into French territory, making the state border deviate from the watershed line, and giving rise to the differences with the maps published in Italy in the same period.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: NATO maps take data from the Italian national mapping agency, the Istituto Geografico Militare, which is based upon past treaties in force.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: The first professional scientific investigations on the summit were conducted by the botanist–meteorologist Joseph Vallot at the end of the 19th century. He wanted to stay near the top of the summit to undertake detailed research, so he built his permanent cabin.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: Levers attached to the ice supported the observatory. This worked to some extent until 1906 when the building started leaning heavily. The movement of the levers corrected the lean slightly, but three years later (two years after Janssen's death), a crevasse started opening under the observatory. It was abandoned. Eventually the building fell, and only the tower could be saved "in extremis".

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: The mountain was the scene of two fatal air crashes; Air India Flight 245 in 1950 and Air India Flight 101 in 1966. Both planes were approaching Geneva Airport and the pilots miscalculated their descent; 48 and 117 people, respectively, died. The latter passengers included nuclear scientist Homi J. Bhabha, known as the "father" of India's nuclear programme.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: For a long time, its official elevation was . In 2002, the IGN and expert surveyors, with the aid of GPS technology, measured it to be .

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: After the 2003 heatwave in Europe, a team of scientists remeasured the height on 6 and 7 September. The team was made up of the glaciologist Luc Moreau, two surveyors from the GPS Company, three people from the IGN, seven expert surveyors, four mountain guides from Chamonix and Saint-Gervais and four students from various institutes in France. This team noted that the elevation was , and the peak was away from where it had been in 2002.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: After these results were published, more than 500 points were measured to assess the effects of climate change and the fluctuations in the height of the mountain at different points. Since then, the elevation of the mountain has been measured every two years.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: The summit was measured again in 2005, and the results were published on 16 December 2005. The height was found to be , more than the previous recorded height. The rock summit was found to be at , some west of the ice-covered summit.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: In 2016 a crevasse opened at high altitude, also indicating previously unobserved glacial movements. The new crevasse forms an obstacle to be scaled by climbing parties on the final part of the itinerary to the top shared by the popular Goûter Route and the Grand Mulets Route.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: In July 2014, an American entrepreneur and traveller Patrick Sweeney attempted to break the record with his nine-year-old son and 11-year-old daughter. They were caught in an avalanche, escaped death and decided not to pursue their attempt.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: In August 2014, an unknown Austrian climber with his 5-year-old son were intercepted by mountain gendarmes at and forced to turn back.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Mont Blanc

Context: On 5 August 2017, 9-year-old Hungarian twins and their mother were rescued from by helicopter while their father and family friend continued their summit attempt.

Question: 이탈리아에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Airbus studies started in 1988, and the project was announced in 1990 to challenge the dominance of the Boeing 747 in the long-haul market.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The then-designated A3XX project was presented in 1994; Airbus launched the € billion ($10.7 billion) A380 programme on 19 December 2000.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: It then obtained its type certificate from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on 12 December 2006.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Due to difficulties with the electrical wiring, the initial production was delayed by two years and the development costs almost doubled.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: However, after the largest customer, Emirates, reduced its last order in February 2019, Airbus announced that A380 production would end in 2021. On 16 December 2021, Emirates received its 123rd A380, which was the 251st and last delivered by Airbus. The $25 billion investment was not recouped.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The full-length double-deck aircraft has a typical seating for 525 passengers, with a maximum certified capacity for 853 passengers.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The quadjet is powered by Engine Alliance GP7200 or Rolls-Royce Trent 900 turbofans providing a range of .

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: , the global A380 fleet had completed more than 800,000 flights over 7.3 million block hours with no fatalities and no hull losses.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2000, the projected development cost was €9.5 billion. In 2004 Airbus estimated that €1.5 billion ($2 billion) would need to be added, totalling the developmental costs to €10.3 billion ($12.7 billion). In 2006, Airbus stopped publishing its reported cost after reaching costs of €10.2 billion and then it provisioned another €4.9 billion, after the difficulties in electric cabling and two years delay for an estimated total of €18 billion.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2014, the aircraft was estimated to have cost $25bn (£16bn, €bn) to develop. In 2015, Airbus said development costs were €15 billion (£11.4 billion, $ billion), though analysts believe the figure is likely to be at least €5bn ($ Bn) more for a €20 Bn ($ Bn) total. In 2016, The A380 development costs were estimated at $25 billion for 15 years, $25–30 billion, or €25 billion ($28 billion).

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: To start the programme in 2000, the governments of France, Germany and the UK loaned Airbus 3.5 billion euros and refundable advances reached 5.9 billion euros ($7.3 billion).

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In February 2018, after an Emirates order secured production of the unprofitable programme for ten years, Airbus revised its deal with the three loan-giving governments to save $1.4 billion (17%): restructured terms, to lower the production rate from eight in 2019 to six per year.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: On 15 May 2018, in its EU appeal ruling, a WTO ruling concluded that the A380 received improper subsidies through $9 billion of launch aids, but Airbus acknowledges that the threat posed to Boeing by the A380 is so marginal with 330 orders since its 2000 launch that any U.S. sanctions should be minimal, as previous rulings showed Boeing's exposure could be as little as $377 million.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In February 2019, the German government disclosed that it was conducting talks with Airbus regarding €600 million in outstanding loans. Following the decision to wind down the A380 programme, Europe argues that the subsidies in effect no longer exist and that no sanctions are warranted.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: After assembly, the aircraft are flown to the Airbus Hamburg-Finkenwerder plant to be furnished and painted. Airbus sized the production facilities and supply chain for a production rate of four A380s per month.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2005, five A380s were built for testing and demonstration purposes. The first A380, registered F-WWOW, was unveiled in Toulouse 18 January 2005. It first flew on 27 April 2005. This plane, equipped with Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engines, flew from Toulouse–Blagnac Airport with a crew of six headed by chief test pilot Jacques Rosay. Rosay said flying the A380 had been "like handling a bicycle".

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The first A380 using GP7200 engines—serial number MSN009 and flew on 25 August 2006. On 4 September 2006, the first full passenger-carrying flight test took place. The aircraft flew from Toulouse with 474 Airbus employees on board, in a test of passenger facilities and comfort. In November 2006, a further series of route-proving flights demonstrated the aircraft's performance for 150 flight hours under typical airline operating conditions. , the A380 test aircraft continue to perform test procedures.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Airbus obtained type certificates for the A380-841 and A380-842 model from the EASA and FAA on 12 December 2006 in a joint ceremony at the company's French headquarters, receiving the ICAO code A388. The A380-861 model was added to the type certificate on 14 December 2007.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Beginning in 2007, the A380 was considered as a potential replacement for the existing Boeing VC-25 serving as Air Force One presidential transport, but in January 2009 EADS declared that they were not going to bid for the contract, as assembling only three planes in the US would not make financial sense.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Emirates was the second airline to receive the A380 and commenced service between Dubai and New York in August 2008. Qantas followed, with flights between Melbourne and Los Angeles in October 2008. By the end of 2008, 890,000 passengers had flown on 2,200 flights.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Furthermore, in February 2008, the A380 became the first airliner to fly using synthetic liquid fuel. The fuel is processed from gas to liquid form (GTL fuel). The flight was 3 hours long, taking off from Filton, UK, and landing in Toulouse, France, and was a significant step in evaluating the suitability of sustainable aviation fuels.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2012, Airbus announced another increase in the A380's maximum take-off weight to , a 6 t increase from the initial A380 variant and 2 t higher than the increased-weight proposal of 2010. This increased the range by some , taking its capability to around at current payloads. The higher-weight version was offered for introduction to service early in 2013.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Around 2014, Airbus changed about 10% of all doors, as some leaked during flight. One occurrence resulted in dropped oxygen masks and an emergency landing. The switch was estimated to cost over €100 million. Airbus stated that safety was sufficient, as the air pressure pushed the door into the frame.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: As Airbus expected to build 15 airliners in 2017 and 12 in 2018, Airbus Commercial Aircraft president Fabrice Brégier said that, without orders in 2017, production would be reduced below one per month while remaining profitable per unit and allowing the programme to continue for 20 to 30 years.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In November 2017, its chief executive Tom Enders was confident Airbus would still produce A380s in 2027 with more sales to come, and further develop it to keep it competitive beyond 2030.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Airbus was profitable at a rate of 15 per year and is trying to drive breakeven down further but will take losses at eight per year.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: To extend the programme, Airbus offered China a production role in early 2018. While state-owned Chinese airlines could order A380s, it would not help their low yield, as it lowers frequency; they do not need more volume as widebody aircraft are already used on domestic routes and using the A380 on its intended long-haul missions would free only a few airport slots.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: After achieving efficiencies to sustain production at a lower level, in 2017 Airbus delivered 15 A380s and was "very close" to production breakeven, expecting to make additional savings as production was being further reduced: it planned to deliver 12 in 2018, eight in 2019 and six per year from 2020 with "digestible" losses.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: , Enders was confident the A380 would gain additional orders from existing or new operators, and saw opportunities in Asia and particularly in China where it is "under-represented".

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2019, Lufthansa had retired 6 of its 14 A380s due to their unprofitability. Later that year Qatar Airways announced a switch from the A380 to the Boeing 777X starting from 2024.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The second model, the "A380F" freighter, would have carried of cargo over a range of . Freighter development was put on hold as Airbus prioritised the passenger version, and all orders for freighters were cancelled.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Other proposed variants included an "A380-900" stretchseating about 656 passengers (or up to 960 passengers in an all-economy configuration)and an extended-range version with the same passenger capacity as the A380-800.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The A380 is offered with the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 (A380-841/-842) or the Engine Alliance GP7000 (A380-861) turbofan engines.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The Trent 900 is a combination of the fan and scaled compressor of the 777-200X/300X Trent 8104 technology demonstrator derived from the Boeing 777's Trent 800, and the Airbus A340-500/600's Trent 500 core.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The GP7200 core technology is derived from GE's GE90 and its sections are based on the PW4000 expertise.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: At its launch in 2000, engine makers assured Airbus it was getting the best level of technology and they would be state-of-the-art for the next decade, but three years later Boeing launched the 787 Dreamliner with game-changing technology and 10% lower fuel burn than the previous generation, to the dismay of John Leahy.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Due to its modern engines and aerodynamic improvements, Lufthansa's A380s produce half the noise of the Boeing 747-200 while carrying 160 more passengers.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The aircraft is below the QC/2 departure and QC/0.5 arrival noise limits under the Quota Count system set by the airport.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Field measurements suggest the approach quota allocation for the A380 may be overly generous compared to the older Boeing 747, but still quieter.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Rolls-Royce is supporting the CAA in understanding the relatively high A380/Trent 900 monitored noise levels.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Heathrow's landing charges having a noise component, the A380 is cheaper to land there than a Boeing 777-200 and -300 and it saves $4,300 to $5,200 per landing, or $15.3M to $18.8M of present value over 15 years. Tokyo Narita has a similar noise charge.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Sufficient braking capacity allowed for thrust reversers to be installed on only the inboard engines.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The reversers are electrically actuated to save weight, and for greater reliability than pneumatic or hydraulic equivalents.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The hybrid fibre metal laminate material GLARE (glass laminate aluminium reinforced epoxy) is used in the upper fuselage and on the stabilisers' leading edges. This aluminium-glass-fibre laminate is lighter and has better corrosion and impact resistance than conventional aluminium alloys used in aviation. Unlike earlier composite materials, GLARE can be repaired using conventional aluminium repair techniques.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: It takes of paint to cover the exterior of an A380. The paint is five layers thick and weighs about 650 kg (1,433 lb) when dry.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The Network Systems Server (NSS) is the heart of A380s paperless cockpit; it eliminates bulky manuals and traditional charts. The NSS has enough inbuilt robustness to eliminate onboard backup paper documents. The A380s network and server system stores data and offers electronic documentation, providing a required equipment list, navigation charts, performance calculations, and an aircraft logbook. This is accessed through the MFDs and controlled via the keyboard interface.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Power-by-wire flight control actuators have been used for the first time in civil aviation to back up primary hydraulic actuators. Also, during certain manoeuvres they augment the primary actuators. They have self-contained hydraulic and electrical power supplies. Electro-hydrostatic actuators (EHA) are used in the aileron and elevator, electric and hydraulic motors to drive the slats as well as electrical backup hydrostatic actuators (EBHA) for the rudder and some spoilers.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The A380 uses four 150 kVA variable-frequency electrical generators, eliminating constant-speed drives and improving reliability. The A380 uses aluminium power cables instead of copper for weight reduction. The electrical power system is fully computerised and many contactors and breakers have been replaced by solid-state devices for better performance and increased reliability.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The A380-800's cabin has of usable floor space, 40% more than the next largest airliner, the Boeing 747-8.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways also have a bar lounge and seating area on the upper deck, while Etihad has enclosed areas for two people each. In addition to lounge areas, some A380 operators have installed amenities consistent with other aircraft in their respective fleets, including self-serve snack bars, premium economy sections, and redesigned business class seating.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The A380 requires service vehicles with lifts capable of reaching the upper deck, as well as tractors capable of handling the A380's maximum ramp weight. When using two jetway bridges the boarding time is 45 min, and when using an extra jetway to the upper deck it is reduced to 34 min. The A380 has an airport turnaround time of 90–110 minutes. In 2008 the A380 test aircraft were used to trial the modifications made to several airports to accommodate the type.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In August 2008, the ICAO issued revised approach separations of for Super (another A380), for Heavy, for medium/small, and for light. In November 2008, an incident on a parallel runway during crosswinds made the Australian authorities change procedures for those conditions.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: As the A380 fleet grows older, airworthiness authority rules require certain scheduled inspections from approved aircraft tool shops. The increasing fleet size (to about 286 in 2020) cause expected maintenance and modification to cost $6.8 billion for 2015–2020, of which $2.1 billion are for engines. Emirates performed its first 3C-check for 55 days in 2014. During lengthy shop stays, some airlines will use the opportunity to install new interiors.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In February 2009, the one millionth passenger was flown with Singapore Airlines and by May of that year 1,500,000 passengers had flown on 4,200 flights. Air France received its first A380 in October 2009. Lufthansa received its first A380 in May 2010. By July 2010, the 31 A380s then in service had transported 6 million passengers on 17,000 flights between 20 international destinations.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Airbus delivered the 100th A380 on 14 March 2013 to Malaysia Airlines. In June 2014, over 65 million passengers had flown the A380, and more than 100 million passengers (averaging 375 per flight) by September 2015, with an availability of 98.5%. In 2014, Emirates stated that its A380 fleet had load factors of 90–100%, and that the popularity of the aircraft with its passengers had not decreased in the past year.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: , the global A380 fleet had carried over 300 million passengers to more than 70 destinations and completed more than 800,000 flights over 7.3 million block hours with 99 percent operational reliability and no hull-loss accidents. Over 50% of A380 capacity is from/to/within the Asia-Pacific region, of which around 15% is on regional flights within Asia (OAG 2017).

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Airbus offered a cargo aircraft variant since at least June 2005, capable of transporting a maximum payload over a range. It would have had 7% better payload and better range than the Boeing 747-8F, but also higher trip costs. It would have the largest payload capacity of any freighter aircraft except the Antonov An-225 Mriya.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Production was suspended until the A380 production lines had settled, with no firm availability date. The A380F was displayed on the Airbus website until at least January 2013, but was not anymore in April.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: A patent for "combi" version was applied for. This version would offer the flexibility of carrying both passengers and cargo, along with being rapidly reconfigurable to expand or contract the cargo area and passenger area as needed for a given flight.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: At launch in December 2000, a 656-seat A380-200 was proposed as a derivative of the 555-seat baseline.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: On 11 December 2014, at the annual Airbus Investor Day forum, Airbus CEO Fabrice Bregier controversially announced, "We will one day launch an A380neo and one day launch a stretched A380". This statement followed speculation sparked by Airbus CFO Harald Wilhelm that Airbus could possibly axe the A380 ahead of its time due to softening demand.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: On 15 June 2015, John Leahy, Airbus's chief operating officer for customers, stated that Airbus was again looking at the A380-900 programme. Airbus's newest concept would be a stretch of the A380-800 offering 50 seats more—not 100 seats as originally envisaged. This stretch would be tied to a potential re-engining of the A380-800. According to Flight Global, an A380-900 would make better use of the A380's existing wing.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Tim Clark stated the proposed re-engining would have offered a 12-14% fuel-burn reduction with an enhanced Trent XWB.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: At the June 2017 Paris Air Show, Airbus proposed an A380plus enhanced version with 13% lower costs per seat, featuring up to 80 more seats through better use of cabin space, split scimitar winglets and wing refinements allowing a 4% fuel economy improvement, and longer aircraft maintenance intervals with less downtime. Its maximum takeoff weight would have been increased by to , allowing it to carry more passengers over the same range or increase the range by .

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In its 2000 Global Market Forecast, Airbus estimated a demand for 1,235 passenger Very Large Aircraft (VLA), with more than 400 seats: 360 up to 2009 and 875 by 2019.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In late 2003, Boeing forecast 320 "Boeing 747 and larger" passenger aircraft over 20 years, close to the 298 orders actually placed for the A380 and 747-8 passenger airliners as of March 2020.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2007, Airbus estimated a demand for 1,283 VLAs in the following 20 years if airport congestion remains constant, up to 1,771 VLAs if congestion increases, with most deliveries (56%) in Asia-Pacific, and 415 very large, 120-tonne plus freighters. For the same period, Boeing was estimating the demand for 590 large (747 or A380) passenger airliners and 630 freighters.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2013, Cathay Pacific and Singapore Airlines needed to balance frequency and capacity. China Southern struggled for two years to use its A380s from Beijing, and finally received Boeing 787s in its base in Guangzhou, but where it cannot command a premium, unlike Beijing or Shanghai. In 2013, Air France withdrew A380 services to Singapore and Montreal and switched to smaller aircraft.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: At the A380 launch, most Europe-Asia and transpacific routes used Boeing 747-400s at fairly low frequencies but, since then, routes proliferated with open skies, and most airlines downsized, offering higher frequencies and more routes.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The 747 was largely replaced on transatlantic flights by the 767, and on the transpacific market by the 777; newer, smaller aircraft with similar seat-mile costs have lower trip costs and allow more direct routes.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2005, 270 sales were necessary to attain break-even and with 751 expected deliveries its internal rate of return outlook was at 19%, but due to disruptions in the ramp-up leading to overcosts and delayed deliveries, it increased to 420 in 2006. In 2010, EADS CFO Hans Peter Ring said that break-even could be achieved by 2015 when 200 deliveries were projected. In 2012, Airbus clarified that the aircraft production costs would be less than its sales price.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: On 11 December 2014, Airbus chief financial officer Harald Wilhelm hinted the possibility of ending the programme in 2018, disappointing Emirates president Tim Clark. Airbus shares fell down consequently. Airbus responded to the protests by playing down the possibility the A380 would be abandoned, instead emphasising that enhancing the aeroplane was a likelier scenario. On 22 December 2014, as the jet was about to break even, Airbus CEO Fabrice Brégier ruled out cancelling it.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Ten years after its first flight, Brégier said it was "almost certainly introduced ten years too early". While no longer losing money on each plane sold, Airbus admits that the company will never recoup the $25 billion investment it made in the project.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Airbus consistently forecast 1,400 VLA demand over 20-year, still in 2017, and aimed to secure a 50% share, up to 700 units, but delivered 215 aircraft in 10 years, achieving three produced per month but not the four per month target after the ramp-up to achieve more than 350 and is now declining to 0.5 a month.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: As Boeing see the VLA market as too small to retain in its 2017 forecast, its VP marketing Randy Tinseth does not believe Airbus will deliver the rest of the backlog.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Richard Aboulafia predicts a 2020 final delivery, with unpleasant losses due to "hubris, shoddy market analysis, nationalism and simple wishful thinking".

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2017, the A380 fleet exceeded the number of remaining passenger B747s, which had declined from 740 aircraft when the A380 was launched in 2000 to 550 units when the A380 was introduced in 2007, and around 200 ten years later. However, the market-share battle has shifted to large single-aisles and 300-seat twin-aisles.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: the list price of an A380 was US$432.6 million. Negotiated discounts made the actual prices much lower, and industry experts questioned whether the A380 project would ever pay for itself. The first aircraft was sold and leased back by Singapore Airlines in 2007 to Dr. Peters for $197 million.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2016, IAG's Willie Walsh said he could add a few, but also that he found the price of new aircraft "outrageous" and would source them from the second-hand market.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: AirInsight estimates its hourly cost at $26,000, or around $50 per seat hour (when configured for only seats), which compares to $44 per seat hour for a Boeing 777-300ER, and $90 per seat hour for a Boeing 747-400 .

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The A380 was designed with large wing and tail surfaces to accommodate a planned stretch; this resulted in a high empty weight per seat. The stretch never occurred to take advantage of this, and the A380's cost-per-seat is expected to be matched by the A350-1000 and 777-9.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: As they should be parked by June 2018 before reconfiguration, MAS confirmed the plans and will also use them for peak periods to high traffic markets like London.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In August 2017, it was announced that Hi Fly would lease two used aircraft. The Portuguese ACMI/charter airline will use the aircraft for markets where high capacity is needed and airports where slots are scarce. The first aircraft was scheduled to begin commercial operations during the first quarter of 2018

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Hi Fly was to receive its A380s from mid-2018 in a 471-seat configuration: 399 on the main deck, 60 business-class and 12 first-class seats on the upper deck, the Singapore Airlines layout.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Amedeo, mainly an A380 lessor and the largest with 22, mostly leased to Emirates, wants to find a use for them after their lease expires from 2022, and study if there is a demand to wet lease them.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Swiss aircraft broker Sparfell & Partners plans to convert for head-of-state or VVIP transport some of Dr. Peters' four ex-SIA A380s for under $300 million apiece, less than a new Boeing 777 or Airbus A330.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: As of November 2018, Air France was planning to return five of its A380s to lessors by the end of 2019 and refurbish its other five with new interiors by 2020 for $51 million per aircraft. By July 2019, Air France revised this plan and intended to phase out all ten of its A380s by 2022, replacing them with no more than nine twin-engined wide-body aircraft. The A330-900, A350-900 or 787-9 were being evaluated as potential replacements.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Following the cancellation of the programme in February 2019, the residual value of existing aircraft is in doubt. While Amedeo argued that cancellation should benefit the value, this will depend on whether any new airlines are prepared to adopt second-hand A380s, and how many existing users continue to operate the aircraft. Even the teardown value is questionable, in that the engines, usually the most valuable part of a scrap aircraft, are not used by any other models.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: With four A380s leased to Singapore Airlines having been returned between October 2017 and March 2018, Dr. Peters feared a weak aftermarket and is considering scrapping them, although they are on sale for a business jet conversion, but on the other hand Airbus sees a potential for African airlines and Chinese airlines, Hajj charters and its large Gulf operators.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Teardown specialists have declined offers for several aircraft at part-out prices due to high risk as a secondary market is uncertain with $30 to $40 million for the refurbishment, but should be between $20 to $30 million to be viable.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: When the aircraft were proposed to British Airways, Hi Fly and Iran Air, BA did not want to replace its Boeing 747s until 2021, while Iran Air faced political uncertainty and Hi Fly did not have a convincing business case. Consequently, Dr. Peters recommended to its investors on 28 June 2018 to sell the aircraft parts with VAS Aero Services within two years for US$45 million, quickly for components like the landing gear or the APU.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Rolls-Royce Trent 900 leasing beyond March 2019 should generate US$480,000 monthly for each aircraft before selling the turbofans by 2020. With a total revenue of US$80 million per aircraft, the overall return expected is 145–155% while 72% and 81% of their debt had already been repaid.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The fifth plane coming back from SIA, owned by Doric, has been leased by Hi Fly Malta with a lease period of "nearly 6 years". Hi Fly Malta became the first operator of second-hand A380 (MSN006). Norwegian Long Haul briefly leased Hi Fly Malta A380 in August 2018, which operated the aircraft following engine problems with their Dreamliner fleet. Norwegian leased the A380 again in late 2018 to help deal with the passenger backlog as a result of the Gatwick Airport drone incident.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Two others returned from Singapore Airlines in the coming weeks (June 2018) but they could stay with an existing Asian A380 flag carrier.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The teardown value includes $32–$33 million from the engines in 2020 and $4 million from leasing them until then, while the value of a 2008 A380 would be $78.4 million in 2020 and its monthly lease in 2018 would be $929,000.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The two aircraft have returned 3.8–4.2% per year since 2008 but the 145–155% return is lower than the 220% originally forecast.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Of the nearly 500 made, 50 747-400s were sold in the secondary market, including only 25 to new customers.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: These are among the first A380s delivered, lacking the improvements and weight savings of later ones.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The first two A380s delivered to Singapore Airlines (MSN003 and MSN005) flew to Tarbes, France to be scrapped. Their engines and some components had been dismantled and removed while the livery was painted over in white.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Fourteen customers have ordered and taken delivery of the A380 as of April 2019. Total orders for the A380 stand at 251 . The biggest customer is Emirates, which has committed to order a total of 123 A380s as of 14 February 2019. One VIP order was made in 2007 but later cancelled by Airbus. The A380F version attracted 27 orders, before they were either cancelled (20) or converted to A380-800 (7) following the production delay and the subsequent suspension of the freighter programme.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Delivery takes place in Hamburg for customers from Europe and the Middle East and in Toulouse for customers from the rest of the world. EADS explained that deliveries in 2013 were to be slowed temporarily to accommodate replacement of the wing rib brackets where cracks were detected earlier in the existing fleet.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In 2013, in expectation of raising the number of orders placed, Airbus announced "attractable discounts" to airlines who placed large orders for the A380. Soon after, at the November 2013 Dubai Air Show where Emirates ordered 150 777X and Etihad Airways ordered 50 aircraft, totalling $20 billion.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Amedeo, an aircraft lessor that ordered 20 A380s, had not found a client for the airliner and eventually cancelled their order in 2019.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: At its 100th delivery ceremony, Emirates CEO Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum was hoping to order new A380s at the November 2017 Dubai Air Show.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Emirates does not need the small front staircase and eleven-abreast economy of the A380plus concept, but wants Airbus to commit to continue production for at least 10 years.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: On 18 January 2018, Airbus secured a preliminary agreement from Emirates for up to 36 A380s, to be delivered from 2020, valued at $16 billion at list prices. The contract was signed in February 2018, comprising a firm order for 20 A380s and options on 16 more.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: If the A380's only stable client were to drop the type, Airbus could cease production of the superjumbo.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: Emirates is at odds with Rolls-Royce over shortfalls in fuel savings from the Trent 900s, and could switch its order for 36 A380s to the smaller A350.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The A350 could also replace its provisional order for 40 Boeing 787-10s, placed in 2017, as engine margins on the 787 are insufficient for the hot Dubai weather.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: On 14 February 2019, Emirates decided to cancel its order for 39 planes, opting to replace them with A350s and A330neos. Airbus stated that this cancellation would bring the A380's production to an end when the last unfilled orders are delivered in 2021.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: On 21 March 2019, All Nippon Airways received its first of three A380s painted with the Sea Turtle livery. Called the ANA Blue, this A380 will be used for 3 flights a week, going from Tokyo to Honolulu and back.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: In October 2021, Emirates announced it would receive its final three A380s to be delivered with the last aircraft in December 2021, thus ending production of the A380.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: There were 244 aircraft in service (of 249 delivered) with 16 operators , with the final two aircraft delivered to existing operator Emirates in December 2021, which brought the final all-time delivery total to 251 of the A380 aircraft to all operators.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Airbus A380

Context: The global A380 fleet has zero fatalities and no hull loss accidents . The fleet has been involved in three incidents with the two most notable ones listed below.

Question: 2019년 기준 가장 큰 비행기는 무엇인가?


Ozone layer

Context: The ozone layer absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultraviolet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms near the surface.

Question: 오존층은 무엇으로 만들어졌는가?


Ozone layer

Context: About 90 percent of the ozone in the atmosphere is contained in the stratosphere. Ozone concentrations are greatest between about , where they range from about 2 to 8 parts per million. If all of the ozone were compressed to the pressure of the air at sea level, it would be only thick.

Question: 오존층은 무엇으로 만들어졌는가?


Ozone layer

Context: Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun. Extremely short or vacuum UV (10–100 nm) is screened out by nitrogen. UV radiation capable of penetrating nitrogen is divided into three categories, based on its wavelength; these are referred to as UV-A (400–315 nm), UV-B (315–280 nm), and UV-C (280–100 nm).

Question: 오존층은 무엇으로 만들어졌는가?


Ozone layer

Context: Ozone is transparent to most UV-A, so most of this longer-wavelength UV radiation reaches the surface, and it constitutes most of the UV reaching the Earth. This type of UV radiation is significantly less harmful to DNA, although it may still potentially cause physical damage, premature aging of the skin, indirect genetic damage, and skin cancer.

Question: 오존층은 무엇으로 만들어졌는가?


Ozone layer

Context: The thickness of the ozone layer varies worldwide and is generally thinner near the equator and thicker near the poles. Thickness refers to how much ozone is in a column over a given area and varies from season to season. The reasons for these variations are due to atmospheric circulation patterns and solar intensity.

Question: 오존층은 무엇으로 만들어졌는가?


Ozone layer

Context: The residual effects of CFCs accumulating within the atmosphere lead to a concentration gradient between the atmosphere and the ocean. This organohalogen compound is able to dissolve into the ocean's surface waters and is able to act as a time-dependent tracer. This tracer helps scientists study ocean circulation by tracing biological, physical and chemical pathways

Question: 오존층은 무엇으로 만들어졌는가?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Ulaanbaatar (; , , "Red Hero"), previously anglicized as Ulan Bator, is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. It is the coldest capital city in the world. The municipality is located in north central Mongolia at an elevation of about in a valley on the Tuul River. The city was originally founded in 1639 as a nomadic Buddhist monastic center, changing location 28 times, and was permanently settled at its current location in 1778.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Governed as an independent municipality, Ulaanbaatar is surrounded by Töv Province, whose capital Zuunmod lies 43 kilometres south of the city. With a population of just under 1.5 million , it contains almost half of the country's total population. It is the country's cultural, industrial and financial heart, the centre of Mongolia's transport network and connected by rail to both the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia and the Chinese railway system.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: The city was originally referred to at establishment in 1639 as "Örgöö" (). This name was eventually adapted as "Urga" in the West. By 1651, it began to be referred to as "Nomiĭn Khüree" (), and by 1706 it was referred to as "Ikh Khüree" (). The Chinese equivalent, "Dà Kùlún" (, ), was rendered into Western languages as "Kulun" or "Kuren".

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Other names include "Bogdiin Khuree" (), or simply "Khüree" (), itself a term originally referring to a "enclosure" or "settlement".

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Upon independence in 1911, with both the secular government and the Bogd Khan's palace present, the city's name was changed to "Niĭslel Khüree" ().

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: When the city became the capital of the new Mongolian People's Republic in 1924, its name was changed to "Ulaanbaatar" ().

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: In the Western World, Ulaanbaatar continued to be generally known as Urga or Khuree until 1924, and afterward as Ulan-Bator (a spelling derived from the Russian ). This form was defined two decades before the Mongolian name got its current Cyrillic spelling and transliteration (1941–1950); however, the name of the city was spelled "Ulaanbaatar koto" during the decade in which Mongolia used the Latin alphabet.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Today, the city is referred to simply as "khot" (), as well as UB ("you-be"), from the English transliteration.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Human habitation at the site of Ulaanbaatar dates from the Lower Paleolithic, with a number of sites on Bogd Khan, Buyant-Ukhaa and Songinokhairkhan mountains, revealing tools which date from 300,000 years ago to 40,000–12,000 years ago. These Upper Paleolithic people hunted mammoth and woolly rhinoceros, the bones of which are found abundantly around Ulaanbaatar.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: A number of Xiongnu-era royal tombs have been discovered around Ulaanbaatar, including the tombs of Belkh Gorge near Dambadarjaalin monastery and tombs of Songinokhairkhan. Located on the banks of the Tuul River, Ulaanbaatar has been well within the sphere of Turco-Mongol nomadic empires throughout history.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Wang Khan, Toghrul of the Keraites, a Nestorian Christian monarch whom Marco Polo identified as the legendary Prester John, is said to have had his palace here (the Black Forest of the Tuul River) and forbade hunting in the holy mountain Bogd Uul. The palace is said to be where Genghis Khan stayed with Yesui Khatun before attacking the Tangut in 1226.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: As a mobile monastery-town, it was often moved to various places along the Selenge, Orkhon and Tuul rivers, as supply and other needs would demand. During the Dzungar wars of the late 17th century, it was even moved to Inner Mongolia. As the city grew, it moved less and less.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: In 1778, the city moved from Khui Mandal and settled for good at its current location, near the confluence of the Selbe and Tuul rivers, and beneath Bogd Khan Uul, at that time also on the caravan route from Beijing to Kyakhta.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: One of the earliest Western mentions of Urga is the account of the Scottish traveller John Bell in 1721:

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: By 1778, Urga may have had as many as ten thousand monks, who were regulated by a monastic rule, Internal Rule of the Grand Monastery or "Yeke Kuriyen-u Doto'adu Durem". For example, in 1797 a decree of the 4th Jebtsundamba forbade "singing, playing with archery, myagman, chess, usury and smoking"). Executions were forbidden where the holy temples of the Bogd Jebtsundama could be seen, so capital punishment took place away from the city.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: In 1839, the 5th Bogd Jebtsundamba moved his residence to Gandan Hill, an elevated position to the west of the Baruun Damnuurchin markets. Part of the city was moved to nearby Tolgoit. In 1855, the part of the camp that moved to Tolgoit was brought back to its 1778 location, and the 7th Bogd Jebtsundamba returned to the Zuun Khuree. The Gandan Monastery flourished as a center of philosophical studies.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: By 1908, there was a Russian quarter with a few hundred merchants and a Russian club and informal Russian mayor. East of the main town was the Russian consulate built in 1863 with an Orthodox church, post office and 20 Cossack guards. It was fortified in 1900 and briefly occupied by troops during the Boxer Rebellion. There was a telegraph line north to Kyakhta and southeast to Kalgan and weekly postal service along these routes.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Beyond the Russian consulate was the Chinese trading post called Maimaicheng, and nearby the palace of the Manchu viceroy. With the growth of Western trade at the Chinese ports the tea trade to Russia declined, some Chinese merchants left and wool became the main export. Manufactured goods still came from Russia, but most were now brought from Kalgan by caravan. The annual trade was estimated at 25 million rubles, nine-tenths in Chinese hands and one-tenth in Russian.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: The Moscow trade expedition of the 1910s estimated the population of Urga at 60,000, based on Nikolay Przhevalsky's study in the 1870s.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: The city's population swelled during the Naadam festival and major religious festivals to more than 100,000. In 1919, the number of monks had reached 20,000, up from 13,000 in 1810.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: In 1910, the "amban" Sando went to quell a major fight between Gandan lamas and Chinese traders started by an incident at the Da Yi Yu shop in the Baruun Damnuurchin market district. He was unable to bring the lamas under control, and was forced to flee back to his quarters. In 1911, with the Qing Dynasty in China headed for total collapse, Mongolian leaders in Ikh Khüree for Naadam met in secret on Mount Bogd Khan Uul and resolved to end 220 years of Manchu control of their country.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: On 29 December 1911, the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu was declared ruler of an independent Mongolia and assumed the title Bogd Khan. Khüree as the seat of the Jebtsundamba Khutugtu was the logical choice for the capital of the new state. However, following the tripartite Kyakhta agreement of 1915, Mongolia's status was effectively reduced to mere autonomy.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: In 1919, Mongolian nobles, over the opposition of the Bogd Khan, agreed with the Chinese resident Chen Yi on a settlement of the "Mongolian question" along Qing-era lines, but before this settlement could be put into effect, Khüree was occupied by the troops of Chinese warlord Xu Shuzheng, who forced the Mongolian nobles and clergy to renounce autonomy completely.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: The city changed hands twice in 1921. Firstly, on 4 February, a mixed Russian/Mongolian force led by White Russian warlord Roman von Ungern-Sternberg captured the city, freeing the Bogd Khan from Chinese imprisonment and killing a part of the Chinese garrison. Baron Ungern's capture of Urga was followed by clearing out Mongolia's small gangs of demoralized Chinese soldiers and, at the same time, looting and murder of foreigners, including a vicious pogrom that killed off the Jewish community.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: On 22 February 1921, the Bogd Khan was once again elevated the Great Khan of Mongolia in Urga. However, at the same time that Baron Ungern was taking control of Urga, a Soviet-supported Communist Mongolian force led by Damdin Sükhbaatar was forming in Russia, and in March they crossed the border. Ungern and his men rode out in May to meet Red Russian and Red Mongolian troops, but suffered a disastrous defeat in June.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: During the socialist period, especially following the Second World War, most of the old ger districts were replaced by Soviet-style blocks of flats, often financed by the Soviet Union. Urban planning began in the 1950s, and most of the city today is the result of construction between 1960 and 1985.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: The Trans-Mongolian Railway, connecting Ulaanbaatar with Moscow and Beijing, was completed in 1956 and cinemas, theaters, museums etc. were erected. On the other hand, most of the temples and monasteries of pre-socialist Khüree were destroyed following the anti-religious purges of the late 1930s. The Gandan monastery was reopened in 1944 when the U.S. Vice President Henry Wallace asked to see a monastery during his visit to Mongolia.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: On 7 March, ten dissidents assembled in Sükhbaatar Square and went on a hunger strike. Thousands of supporters joined them. More arrived the following day and the crowd grew more unruly. 71 people were injured, one fatally. On 9 March, the Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) government resigned. The provisional government announced Mongolia's first free elections, which were held in July. The MPRP won the election and resumed power.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Since Mongolia's transition to a market economy in 1990, the city has experienced further growth—especially in the ger districts, as construction of new blocks of flats had basically slowed to a halt in the 1990s. The population has more than doubled to over one million inhabitants. This causes a number of social, environmental, and transportation problems. In recent years, construction of new buildings has gained new momentum, especially in the city center, and apartment prices have skyrocketed.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: In 2008, Ulaanbaatar was the scene of riots after the Mongolian Democratic, Civic Will Party and Republican parties disputed the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party's victory in the parliamentary elections. A four-day state of emergency was declared, the capital was placed under a 22:00 to 08:00 curfew, and alcohol sales banned; following these measures, rioting did not resume. This was the first deadly riot in modern Ulaanbaatar's history.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: In April 2013, Ulaanbaatar hosted the 7th Ministerial Conference of the Community of Democracies, and has also lent its name to the Ulaanbaatar Dialogue on Northeast Asian Security.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Ulaanbaatar is located at about above mean sea level, slightly east of the centre of Mongolia on the Tuul River, a sub-tributary of the Selenge, in a valley at the foot of the mountain Bogd Khan Uul. Bogd Khan Uul is a broad, heavily forested mountain rising to the south of Ulaanbaatar. It forms the boundary between the steppe zone to the south and the forest-steppe zone to the north.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: The forests of the mountains surrounding Ulaanbaatar are composed of evergreen pines, deciduous larches and birches, while the riverine forest of the Tuul River is composed of broad-leaved, deciduous poplars, elms and willows. As a point of reference, Ulaanbaatar lies on roughly the same latitude as Vienna, Munich, Orléans and Seattle. It lies on roughly the same longitude as Chongqing, Hanoi and Jakarta.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Owing to its high elevation, its relatively high latitude, its location hundreds of kilometres from any coast, and the effects of the Siberian anticyclone, Ulaanbaatar is the coldest national capital in the world, with a monsoon-influenced, cold semi-arid climate (Köppen "BSk", USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 3b.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: The city lies in the zone of discontinuous permafrost, which means that building is difficult in sheltered aspects that preclude thawing in the summer, but easier on more exposed ones where soils fully thaw. Suburban residents live in traditional yurts that do not protrude into the soil. Extreme temperatures in the city range from in January and February 1957 to in July 1988.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Ulaanbaatar is divided into nine districts (): Baganuur, Bagakhangai, Bayangol, Bayanzürkh, Chingeltei, Khan Uul, Nalaikh, Songino Khairkhan and Sükhbaatar. Each district is subdivided into khoroos, of which there are 173. Each district also serves as a constituency that elects one or more representatives into the State Great Khural, the national parliament.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Although administratively part of Ulaanbaatar, Nalaikh and Baganuur are separate cities. Bagakhangai and Baganuur are noncontiguous exclaves, the former located within the Töv Province, the latter on the border between the Töv and Khentii provinces.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: As the main industrial center of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar produces a variety of consumer goods and is responsible for about two-thirds of Mongolia's total gross domestic product (GDP).

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: The transition to a market economy in 1990, which has led to a shift towards service industries making up 43% of the city's GDP, along with rapid urbanization and population growth has so far correlated with an increase in GDP.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?


Ulaanbaatar

Context: Mining makes up the second-largest contributor to Ulaanbaatar's GDP at 25%. North of the city are several gold mines, including the Boroo Gold Mine, and foreign investment in the sector has allowed for growth and development. However, in light of a noticeable drop in GDP during the financial crisis of 2008, as demand for mining exports dropped, there has been movement towards diversifying the economy.

Question: 울란바토르 시장은 누구인가요?