Patent

Context: The word "patent" originates from the Latin "patere", which means "to lay open" (i.e., to make available for public inspection). It is a shortened version of the term "letters patent", which was an open document or instrument issued by a monarch or government granting exclusive rights to a person, predating the modern patent system. Similar grants included land patents, which were land grants by early state governments in the US, and printing patents, a precursor of modern copyright.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: The additional qualification "utility patent" is sometimes used (primarily in the US) to distinguish the primary meaning from these other types of patents. Particular species of patents for inventions include biological patents, business method patents, chemical patents and software patents.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: The English legal system became the foundation for patent law in countries with a common law heritage, including the United States, New Zealand and Australia. In the Thirteen Colonies, inventors could obtain patents through petition to a given colony's legislature. In 1641, Samuel Winslow was granted the first patent in North America by the Massachusetts General Court for a new process for making salt.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: The modern French patent system was created during the Revolution in 1791. Patents were granted without examination since inventor's right was considered as a natural one. Patent costs were very high (from 500 to 1,500 francs). Importation patents protected new devices coming from foreign countries. The patent law was revised in 1844patent cost was lowered and importation patents were abolished.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: A patent, being an exclusionary right, does not necessarily give the patent owner the right to exploit the invention subject to the patent. For example, many inventions are improvements of prior inventions that may still be covered by someone else's patent. If an inventor obtains a patent on improvements to an existing invention which is still under patent, they can only legally use the improved invention if the patent holder of the original invention gives permission, which they may refuse.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: Patent infringement occurs when a third party, without authorization from the patentee, makes, uses, or sells a patented invention. Patents, however, are enforced on a national basis. The making of an item in China, for example, that would infringe a US patent, would not constitute infringement under US patent law unless the item were imported into the US.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: The ability to assign ownership rights increases the liquidity of a patent as property. Inventors can obtain patents and then sell them to third parties. The third parties then own the patents and have the same rights to prevent others from exploiting the claimed inventions, as if they had originally made the inventions themselves.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: Commonly, a nation or a group of nations forms a patent office with responsibility for operating that nation's patent system, within the relevant patent laws. The patent office generally has responsibility for the grant of patents, with infringement being the remit of national courts.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: The authority for patent statutes in different countries varies. In the UK, substantive patent law is contained in the Patents Act 1977 as amended. In the United States, the Constitution empowers Congress to make laws to "promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts ...". The laws Congress passed are codified in Title 35 of the United States Code and created the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: Alongside these international agreements for patents there was the Patent Law Treaty (PLT). This treaty standardized the filing date requirements, standardized the application and forms, allows for electronic communication and filing, and avoids unintentional loss of rights, and simplifies patent office procedures.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: Sometimes, nations grant others, other than the patent owner, permissions to create a patented product based on different situations that align with public policy or public interest. These may include compulsory licenses, scientific research, and in transit in country.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: The application also includes one or more claims that define what a patent covers or the "scope of protection".

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: After filing, an application is often referred to as "patent pending". While this term does not confer legal protection, and a patent cannot be enforced until granted, it serves to provide warning to potential infringers that if the patent is issued, they may be liable for damages.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: Once granted the patent is subject in most countries to renewal fees to keep the patent in force. These fees are generally payable on a yearly basis. Some countries or regional patent offices (e.g. the European Patent Office) also require annual renewal fees to be paid for a patent application before it is granted.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: The costs of preparing and filing a patent application, prosecuting it until grant and maintaining the patent vary from one jurisdiction to another, and may also be dependent upon the type and complexity of the invention, and on the type of patent.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: The European Patent Office estimated in 2005 that the average cost of obtaining a European patent (via a Euro-direct application, i.e. not based on a PCT application) and maintaining the patent for a 10-year term was around €32,000. Since the London Agreement entered into force on May 1, 2008, this estimation is however no longer up-to-date, since fewer translations are required.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: In the United States, in 2000 the cost of obtaining a patent (patent prosecution) was estimated to be from $10,000 to $30,000 per patent. When patent litigation is involved (which in year 1999 happened in about 1,600 cases compared to 153,000 patents issued in the same year), costs increase significantly: although 95% of patent litigation cases are settled out of court, those that reach the courts have legal costs on the order of a million dollars per case, not including associated business costs.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: In addition, the TRIPS Agreement explicitly prohibits any such discrimination. TRIPS Agreement Article 27.1 states that 'patents shall be available and patent rights enjoyable without discrimination as to the place of invention, the field of technology and whether products are imported or locally produced'.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: A defensive publication is the act of publishing a detailed description of a new invention without patenting it, so as to establish prior art and public identification as the creator/originator of an invention, although a defensive publication can also be anonymous. A defensive publication prevents others from later being able to patent the invention.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: Primary incentives embodied in the patent system include incentives to invent in the first place; to disclose the invention once made; to invest the sums necessary to experiment, produce and market the invention; and to design around and improve upon earlier patents.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: "The patent internalizes the externality by giving the [inventor] a property right over its invention."

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: Another effect of modern patent usage is to both enable and incentivize competitors to design around (or to "invent around" according to R S Praveen Raj) the patented invention. This may promote healthy competition among manufacturers, resulting in gradual improvements of the technology base.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Patent

Context: Debates over the usefulness of patents for their primary objective are part of a larger discourse on intellectual property protection, which also reflects differing perspectives on copyright.

Question: 特許認定は各国に限られたものですか？


Animal husbandry

Context: Most livestock are herbivores, except for pigs and chickens which are omnivores. Ruminants like cattle and sheep are adapted to feed on grass; they can forage outdoors or may be fed entirely or in part on rations richer in energy and protein, such as pelleted cereals. Pigs and poultry cannot digest the cellulose in forage and require other high-protein foods.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: The verb "to husband", meaning "to manage carefully," derives from an older meaning of "husband", which in the 14th century referred to the ownership and care of a household or farm, but today means the "control or judicious use of resources," and in agriculture, the cultivation of plants or animals. Farmers and ranchers who raise livestock are considered to practice "animal husbandry".

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: The domestication of livestock was driven by the need to have food on hand when hunting was unproductive. The desirable characteristics of a domestic animal are that it should be useful to the domesticator, should be able to thrive in his or her company, should breed freely, and be easy to tend.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Domestication was not a single event, but a process repeated at various periods in different places. Sheep and goats were the animals that accompanied the nomads in the Middle East, while cattle and pigs were associated with more settled communities.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: The first wild animal to be domesticated was the dog. Half-wild dogs, perhaps starting with young individuals, may have been tolerated as scavengers and killers of vermin, and being naturally pack hunters, were predisposed to become part of the human pack and join in the hunt. Prey animals, sheep, goats, pigs and cattle, were progressively domesticated early in the history of agriculture.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Pigs were domesticated in the Near East between 8,500 and 8000 BC, sheep and goats in or near the Fertile Crescent about 8,500 BC, and cattle from wild aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey and Pakistan around 8,500 BC.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: A cow was a great advantage to a villager as she produced more milk than her calf needed, and her strength could be put to use as a working animal, pulling a plough to increase production of crops, and drawing a sledge, and later a cart, to bring the produce home from the field. Draught animals were first used about 4,000 BC in the Middle East, increasing agricultural production immeasurably. In southern Asia, the elephant was domesticated by 6,000 BC.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Fossilised chicken bones dated to 5040 BC have been found in northeastern China, far from where their wild ancestors lived in the jungles of tropical Asia, but archaeologists believe that the original purpose of domestication was for the sport of cockfighting.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Meanwhile, in South America, the llama and the alpaca had been domesticated, probably before 3,000 BC, as beasts of burden and for their wool. Neither was strong enough to pull a plough which limited the development of agriculture in the New World.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: In ancient Egypt, cattle were the most important livestock, and sheep, goats, and pigs were also kept; poultry including ducks, geese, and pigeons were captured in nets and bred on farms, where they were force-fed with dough to fatten them.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: The Nile provided a plentiful source of fish. Honey bees were domesticated from at least the Old Kingdom, providing both honey and wax.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: In ancient Rome, all the livestock known in ancient Egypt were available. In addition, rabbits were domesticated for food by the first century BC. To help flush them out from their burrows, the polecat was domesticated as the ferret, its use described by Pliny the Elder.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: In northern Europe, agriculture including animal husbandry went into decline when the Roman empire collapsed. Some aspects such as the herding of animals continued throughout the period. By the 11th century, the economy had recovered and the countryside was again productive.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: The "Domesday Book" recorded every parcel of land and every animal in England: "there was not one single hide, nor a yard of land, nay, moreover ... not even an ox, nor a cow, nor a swine was there left, that was not set down in [the king's] writ." For example, the royal manor of Earley in Berkshire, one of thousands of villages recorded in the book, had in 1086 "2 fisheries worth [paying tax of] 7s and 6d [each year] and 20 acres of meadow [for livestock]. Woodland for [feeding] 70 pigs."

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: The improvements of animal husbandry in the medieval period in Europe went hand in hand with other developments. Improvements to the plough allowed the soil to be tilled to a greater depth. Horses took over from oxen as the main providers of traction, new ideas on crop rotation were developed and the growing of crops for winter fodder gained ground. Peas, beans and vetches became common; they increased soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, allowing more livestock to be kept.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Exploration and colonisation of North and South America resulted in the introduction into Europe of such crops as maize, potatoes, sweet potatoes and manioc, while the principal Old World livestock – cattle, horses, sheep and goats – were introduced into the New World for the first time along with wheat, barley, rice and turnips.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Animals can be kept extensively or intensively. Extensive systems involve animals roaming at will, or under the supervision of a herdsman, often for their protection from predators. Ranching in the Western United States involves large herds of cattle grazing widely over public and private lands. Similar cattle stations are found in South America, Australia and other places with large areas of land and low rainfall. Ranching systems have been used for sheep, deer, ostrich, emu, llama and alpaca.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: In the uplands of the United Kingdom, sheep are turned out on the fells in spring and graze the abundant mountain grasses untended, being brought to lower altitudes late in the year, with supplementary feeding being provided in winter. In rural locations, pigs and poultry can obtain much of their nutrition from scavenging, and in African communities, hens may live for months without being fed, and still produce one or two eggs a week.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: The dietary needs of these animals is mostly met by eating grass. Grasses grow from the base of the leaf-blade, enabling it to thrive even when heavily grazed or cut.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: In many climates grass growth is seasonal, for example in the temperate summer or tropical rainy season, so some areas of the crop are set aside to be cut and preserved, either as hay (dried grass), or as silage (fermented grass). Other forage crops are also grown and many of these, as well as crop residues, can be ensiled to fill the gap in the nutritional needs of livestock in the lean season.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Extensively reared animals may subsist entirely on forage, but more intensively kept livestock will require energy and protein-rich foods in addition. Energy is mainly derived from cereals and cereal by-products, fats and oils and sugar-rich foods, while protein may come from fish or meat meal, milk products, legumes and other plant foods, often the by-products of vegetable oil extraction.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: The breeding of farm animals seldom occurs spontaneously but is managed by farmers with a view to encouraging traits seen as desirable. These include hardiness, fertility, docility, mothering abilities, fast growth rates, low feed consumption per unit of growth, better body proportions, higher yields, and better fibre qualities. Undesirable traits such as health defects and aggressiveness are selected against.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Selective breeding has been responsible for large increases in productivity. For example, in 2007, a typical broiler chicken at eight weeks old was 4.8 times as heavy as a bird of similar age in 1957, while in the thirty years to 2007, the average milk yield of a dairy cow in the United States nearly doubled.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Animals are raised for a wide variety of products, principally meat, wool, milk, and eggs, but also including tallow, isinglass and rennet. Animals are also kept for more specialised purposes, such as to produce vaccines and antiserum (containing antibodies) for medical use. Where fodder or other crops are grown alongside animals, manure can serve as a fertiliser, returning minerals and organic matter to the soil in a semi-closed organic system.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Although all mammals produce milk to nourish their young, the cow is predominantly used throughout the world to produce milk and milk products for human consumption. Other animals used to a lesser extent for this purpose include sheep, goats, camels, buffaloes, yaks, reindeer, horses and donkeys.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Whereas in the past, cows were kept in small herds on family farms, grazing pastures and being fed hay in winter, nowadays there is a trend towards larger herds, more intensive systems, the feeding of silage and "zero grazing", a system where grass is cut and brought to the cow, which is housed year-round.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: In many communities, milk production is only part of the purpose of keeping an animal which may also be used as a beast of burden or to draw a plough, or for the production of fibre, meat and leather, with the dung being used for fuel or for the improvement of soil fertility. Sheep and goats may be favoured for dairy production in climates and conditions that do not suit dairy cows.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: A similar rearing system is usually used for turkeys, which are less hardy than chickens, but they take longer to grow and are often moved on to separate fattening units to finish. Ducks are particularly popular in Asia and Australia and can be killed at seven weeks under commercial conditions.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Since the 18th century, the farmer John Bull has represented English national identity, first in John Arbuthnot's political satires, and soon afterwards in cartoons by James Gillray and others including John Tenniel. He likes food, beer, dogs, horses, and country sports; he is practical and down to earth, and anti-intellectual.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


Animal husbandry

Context: Farm animals are widespread in books and songs for children; the reality of animal husbandry is often distorted, softened, or idealized, giving children an almost entirely fictitious account of farm life. The books often depict happy animals free to roam in attractive countryside, a picture completely at odds with the realities of the impersonal, mechanized activities involved in modern intensive farming.

Question: 人間が動物を飼い始めたのはいつ


International Commission on Illumination

Context: The CIE has six active divisions, each of which establishes technical committees to carry out its program:

Question: 国際照明委員会はいつ設立された？


Context: CIE publishes Technical Reports (TRs), International Standards (ISs) and Technical Notes (TNs). International Standards (ISs) are often further developed as dual standards with the ISO or IEC.

Question: 国際照明委員会はいつ設立された？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: After the 1986 People Power Revolution that toppled the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos, Duterte was appointed officer-in-charge vice mayor by President Corazon Aquino. In 1988, he ran for mayor as an independent and won, serving until 1998. He set a precedent by designating deputy mayors that represented the Lumad and Moro peoples in the city government, which was later copied in other parts of the Philippines.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In December 1990, Duterte joined the Nacionalista Party upon the persuasion of Senator Juan Ponce Enrile. In 1998, because he was term-limited to run again for mayor, he ran for the House of Representatives and won as congressman of the 1st district of Davao City (under the Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino coalition). In 2001, he ran again for mayor of Davao and was elected for a fourth term. He was re-elected in 2004 and in 2007.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In 1995, after Flor Contemplacion, a Filipina, was executed in Singapore after confessing to a double murder, Duterte allegedly burned a flag of Singapore (though this claim was later denied) and joined 1,000 employees of Davao City in protest.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In 2010, he was elected vice mayor, succeeding his daughter, Sara Duterte-Carpio, who was elected as mayor.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In 2013, Davao City sent rescue and medical teams to Tacloban to give aid to the victims of Typhoon Haiyan (locally known in the country as Typhoon Yolanda). Financial assistance was also given to Bohol and Cebu for earthquake victims.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte also passed Davao City's Women Development Code, which aims "to uphold the rights of women and the belief in their worth and dignity as human beings". Duterte banned swimsuit competitions in beauty pageants in Davao City. Duterte also gained prominence for supporting the first-ever Gawad Kalinga Village inside a jail facility in Davao City. It is a home-type jail with ten cottages built inside the compound, which now serve as homes for female inmates.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In early September 2015, an incident was reported of a tourist being forced to swallow his own cigarette butt in a local bar in Davao City after the tourist refused to comply with the public anti-smoking ordinance of the city. Duterte was contacted by the bar owner and the then-mayor personally went into the bar and forced the tourist to swallow his cigarette butt. Duterte was then met with criticisms especially from the Commission on Human Rights (CHR).

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte has denied responsibility for the extrajudicial killings. He has also frequently announced his support for them. In 2015, Duterte confirmed his links to extrajudicial killings in Davao, and warned that, if elected president, he may kill up to 100,000 criminals. After the said confirmation, Duterte challenged human rights officials to file a case against him if they could provide evidence of his links with vigilante groups.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In September 2014, Duterte and former mayors and governors, calling themselves the Mindanao Council of Leaders, advocated for a federalist government. A month later, Duterte attended an event sponsored by the Federal Movement for a Better Philippines in Cebu City. In December 2014, Duterte held a summit entitled "Mindanaons Forging Unity Toward a Federal System of Government".

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: As early as the first quarter of 2015, Duterte made hints to the media of his intention to run for president in the 2016 elections. However, he denied these plans numerous times amidst clamor from his supporters for him to run.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In January, Duterte said he would abolish Congress if he chose to run for president and was elected. On November 21, in a private gathering with fraternity brothers from San Beda College of Law, Duterte formally announced his presidential bid and also finally accepted Alan Peter Cayetano's offer to be his running mate, and named his daughter, Sara Duterte, as his substitute for Mayor.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In his campaign, he said he would introduce a federal parliamentary form of government. He also promised to kill tens of thousands of criminals and eradicate crime in six months.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: At a campaign rally on April 12, 2016, Duterte told supporters that, as mayor, he thought he "should have been first" to rape Jacqueline Hamill, an Australian missionary who was gang-raped and killed during the 1989 Davao hostage crisis. He recalled examining her corpse and saying that he "should have gone first".

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: His daughter Sara Duterte subsequently announced on social media that she was a rape victim, but would still vote for her father. He said that he doubted her story, and called her a "drama queen".

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In a campaign speech on April 27, 2016, where he spoke to business leaders, he said his presidency would be "a bloody one", but that he would issue "a thousand pardons a day" to police and soldiers accused of human rights abuses, and would also issue a presidential pardon to himself for mass murder at the end of his six-year term.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: On May 30, 2016, the 16th Congress of the Philippines proclaimed Duterte as the president-elect of the Philippines after he topped the official count by the Congress of the Philippines for the 2016 presidential election with 16,601,997 votes, 6.6 million more than his closest rival, Mar Roxas. Camarines Sur representative Leni Robredo on the other hand, was proclaimed as the vice president-elect of the Philippines with 14,418,817 votes, narrowly defeating Senator Bongbong Marcos by 263,473 votes.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Following the September 2 bombing in Davao City that killed 14 people in the city's central business district, on September 3 Duterte declared a "state of lawlessness", and on the following day issued Proclamation No. 55 to officially declare a "state of national emergency on account of lawless violence in Mindanao".

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: On December 7, Duterte signed Executive Order No. 10 creating a consultative committee to review the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: While adjusting to working and residing at the Malacañang Palace, Duterte divides his workweek between Manila and Davao City by spending three days in each city, utilizing the Malacañang of the South while in Davao.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: A Pulse Asia survey conducted from July 2–8 showed that Duterte had a trust rating of 91%, the highest of the six presidents since the Marcos dictatorship (the previous highest was Duterte's predecessor, Benigno Aquino III with 87%). One year after taking office his trust rating was 81%. In December 2016, Duterte was ranked 70th on "Forbes" list of The World's Most Powerful People.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: As of July 2021, since Duterte assumed position in June 2016, a total of of roads, 5,950 bridges, 11,340 flood control projects, 222 evacuation centers, and 150,149 elementary and secondary classrooms, and 653 COVID-19 facilities under the Build, Build, Build program were completed.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte campaigned to eliminate illegal drugs in the country within three to six months, but later admitted he miscalculated the gravity of the drug problem after taking office as he based his approach to that of Davao City during his tenure as the city's mayor. He cited the difficulty in border control against illegal drugs due to the country's long coastline and lamented that government officials and law enforcers themselves were involved in the drug trade.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Part of the Duterte administration's strategy on anti-illegal drugs is the Barangay Drug Clearing Program, which aims to eradicate illegal drugs in the country's remaining drug-affected barangays. , the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency reported that a total of out of the 42,045 barangays have been declared drug-cleared, barangays were drug unaffected/drug-free, while have yet to be cleared of illegal drugs.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte has said that Moro dignity is what the MILF and MNLF are struggling for, and that they are not terrorists. He acknowledged that the Moros were subjected to wrongdoing, historical and in territory.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte was endorsed in the election by Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) leader Nur Misuari due to his background in Mindanao. Other Muslims also supported Duterte and denounced Roxas, the Aquino-supported pick.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: On November 6, 2016, Duterte signed an executive order to expand the Bangsamoro Transition Commission to 21 members from 15, in which 11 will be decided by the MILF and 10 will be nominated by the government. The commission was formed in December 2013 and is tasked to draft the Bangsamoro Basic Law in accordance with the Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte signed the Bangsamoro Organic Law on July 26, 2018, which abolished the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and provided for the basic structure of government for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, following the agreements set forth in the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro peace agreement signed between the Government of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in 2014.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte oversaw the five-month long Battle of Marawi starting May 2017, declaring martial law throughout Mindanao and extending it for two years to ensure order in the island. In June 2017, Duterte ordered the creation of an inter-agency task force to facilitate the rehabilitation, recovery and reconstruction efforts in the conflict-torn city.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In July 2020, Duterte signed the controversial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, which aims to give more surveillance powers to government forces in order to curb terror threats and acts.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte signed proclamations granting amnesty to members of the Moro National Liberation Front, and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front in February 2021.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte initially pursued peace talks with the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and appointed several left-leaning individuals to government positions, but cancelled all negotiations in February 2017 following attacks and kidnapping of soldiers by New Peoples Army (NPA) rebels, officially declaring the CPP-NPA as a terrorist organization. Several officials with leftist affiliations initially appointed by Duterte have either resigned, been fired, or rejected by the Commission on Appointments.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte created the Task Force Balik-Loob in April 2018 for the reintegration of former communist rebels. In December 2018, he ordered the creation of the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) and institutionalized a "whole-of-nation approach" in combating extremism and terrorism.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte officially announced the permanent termination of the peace negotiations with the CPP-NPA-NDF on March 21, 2019, and said the communist rebels' call for land reform is already being done under his administration. On June 23, 2021, the Anti-Terrorism Council designated the National Democratic Front (NDF) as a terrorist organization, citing it as an "integral and inseparable part" of the CPP-NPA.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: On November 29, 2021, the NTF-ELCAC reported that a total of 20,579 communist rebels surrendered since the start of the Duterte administration.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: The Duterte administration initially adopted a "technology neutral" policy in energy generation. Earlier in his term, Duterte stressed that coal remains the most viable source of energy if the Philippines is to accelerate industrialization, and questioned the sanctions imposed by the United States and European Union on smaller countries including the Philippines when the country's carbon footprint is not significant compared to the superpowers.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte signed the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in March 2017, after initially having misgivings about the deal which he says might limit the country's industrialization. The Agreement was ratified by the Senate on March 15, 2017. Duterte said that rich countries producing the most carbon emissions must pay smaller countries for damage caused by climate change.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte introduced reforms to eliminate red tape in the government, and ordered government agencies to remove all processes which are "redundant or burdensome" to the public. Three weeks after assuming office, he issued his second executive order establishing Freedom of Information, allowing citizens to obtain documents and records from public offices under the executive branch to promote transparency in the government.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In May 2018, Duterte signed the Ease of Doing Business Act which aims to create a better business environment by reducing processing time, cutting bureaucratic red tape, and eliminating corrupt practices in all government agencies. In December 2020, he enacted a law authorizing the President to expedite the processing and issuance of national and local permits, licenses, and certifications, by suspending its requirements, in times of national emergency.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte institutionalized the 8888 Citizens' Complaint Hotline in October 2016, allowing the public to report complaints on poor government front-line services and corrupt practices in all government agencies.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In December 2019, Duterte signed a law institutionalizing Malasakit Centers in all hospitals run by the Department of Health, allowing indigent patients to efficiently access financial medical assistance from various government agencies.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte ordered the full implementation of the Reproductive Health Law, banned smoking in public places nationwide, and set a price cap on select medicines.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte approved in January 2021 a law institutionalizing the alternative learning system (ALS), providing free education to those out of school. In March 2022, he enacted a law granting inclusive education for learners with disabilities.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: On June 9, 2020, Duterte signed a law establishing the country's first National Academy of Sports in New Clark City, Capas, Tarlac.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte made his first international trips as president to Vientiane, Laos and Jakarta, Indonesia on September 5–9, 2016.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte pursued improved relations with China and Russia, and lessened the country's dependence on its traditional ally – the United States. He has adopted a cautious, pragmatic, and conciliatory stance towards China compared to his predecessor, and has set aside the previous administration's confrontational policy of asserting the Philippines' claims over the South China Sea and its islands.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: President Duterte and his administration have been criticized for numerous reasons. These include his anti-drug campaign, foreign policies, human rights record, and extrajudicial killings. Duterte has also been criticized for his political views, controversial comments, and others.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Despite the criticisms on his administration, Duterte has relatively high trust and approval ratings. In the first half of his six-year term with a record net satisfaction rating of 68%. Duterte's approval rating was at 79% in April 2019 and 87% on a December 2019 survey conducted by Pulse Asia. Duterte and his administration also got high approval ratings in handling the COVID-19 pandemic.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte's anti-drug campaign has been criticized both locally and internationally. Senator Risa Hontiveros, a political opponent of Duterte, said that the drug war was a political strategy intended to persuade people that "suddenly the historically most important issue of poverty was no longer the most important."

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Various international publications and media companies had claimed that Duterte's "War on Drugs" was a war against the poor due to the abject poverty of those arrested or killed. On June 19, 2018, 38 United Nations member states released a collective statement through the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), calling on the Philippines and President Duterte to end the killings in its war on drugs and cooperate in probing in investigating human rights abuses.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Members of the opposition have criticized the government's efforts against the COVID-19 pandemic in the country. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Philippines was confirmed on January 30, 2020. This triggered outrage on local social media platforms. Other criticisms include Duterte's remarks of ordering to "shoot" persons who violate quarantine protocols and the delay of the vaccines to arrive in the Philippines were also condemned.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In May 2021, Duterte was criticized for publicly taking the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine before it was approved for use by the Philippine Food and Drug Administration, when the general population had access only to a limited supply of Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines from Pfizer and lower efficacy CoronaVac vaccines from Sinovac.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Militant groups decry the ties between President Duterte and China over the Chinese occupation of contested waters and the reported harassment of the fishermen amidst the territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Also, while the United States is one of the countries critical to Philippine drug war campaign, most of the militant groups – particularly left-wing groups – also criticize Philippine-US relations due to the United States' "imperialism" and neoliberal policies.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte's tax reform program has garnered both support and criticism. Critics have argued that the administration's tax policy would burden the poor. The implementation of the TRAIN Law triggered protests from various left-wing groups. On January 15, protesters gathered at various public market sites, calling for the revocation of TRAIN. However, proponents of the program cite its appeal to foreign investors and economic benefits as the main reasons behind tax reform.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte's records on human rights and his long history of comments that have widely been considered to be offensive, provocative, threatening, and undiplomatic have received sharp international criticism. He has been portrayed by his critics in the media as having a "dirty mouth". He had, however, promised to behave in a "prim and proper" manner on the national and international stage once he was to be inaugurated as president, to the point that, "almost, I would become holy."

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Throughout his presidency, Duterte has made controversial comments about rape, human rights, his views on media killings, and has used slurs; he has also made controversial statements to international leaders and institutions. He has also repeatedly criticized the Catholic Church which has expressed alarm over deaths linked to the war on drugs.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In an earlier June 8 interview with Pastor Apollo Quiboloy on SMNI News Channel, Duterte stated that he "sees nobody deserving" to replace him as next Philippine President, but that he would either remain neutral or endorse a candidate. In June 2021, Duterte stated he may run in the 2022 Philippine presidential election as Vice President.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Sara, however, decided to run in tandem with Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr., who announced his presidential candidacy. Go expressed his disinterest in the presidential position and said his heart and mind contradicted his actions. On December 14, 2021, hours after Go withdrew his candidacy for president, Duterte officially withdrew his senate bid.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: On May 5, 2022, Duterte created a transition committee, to be led by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea, that would oversee the transition of power to the next administration.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Ardent supporters of Duterte have been labeled as "Diehard Duterte Supporters", alternatively known as "Digong Duterte Supporters", which shares the acronym with the Davao Death Squad (DDS). This label has been applied to the 16 million people who voted for him in the 2016 presidential election.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte developed a reputation as a "protector" and "savior" in his hometown of Davao City as mayor of the city for more than two decades. This is despite reports of death squads in the city.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte has been described as a populist, with his foul-mouthed remarks against the country's elite which positioned him as a "man of the people" as critical to his victory in the 2016 presidential election. He has also been compared to U.S. President Donald Trump for his rhetorical style.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Several other Facebook groups with the acronym "DDS" supported Duterte as early as 2011. Among these groups is the Duterte Defense Squad, which was created on July 5, 2011. Other examples include Digong Duterte Supporters-Registered Nurses Group, Duterte's Destiny is to Serve the Country, Digong Duterte Swerte (lit. Digong Duterte is (Good) Luck), and Davsur Duterte Supporters. In 2015, members of the various groups urged Duterte to run for president.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte finished the first half of his six-year term with a record net satisfaction rating of 68%. An SWS survey conducted in April 2019 puts Duterte's approval ratings at 79%, higher than any of his predecessors at this stage in their presidencies. Duterte earned an approval rating of 87% on a December 2019 survey conducted by Pulse Asia. This is credited to poverty reduction and general success in hosting the 2019 SEA Games.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte retained his high approval and trust ratings nearing the end of his term, according to a survey conducted by PUBLiCUS Asia Inc. on March 30 to April 6, 2022, which showed 67.2% of the 1,500 respondents approved of Duterte's performance over the past 12 months, while only 15.2% disapproved. Another survey conducted in 2021 by WR Numero Research revealed that 54.59% of voters want soft continuity of the Duterte's policies, 29.57% want full continuity, while only 15.84% preferred change.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: A nationwide survey of 1,500 respondents conducted by PUBLiCUS from June 16 to 22, during Duterte's last month in office, revealed that Duterte is the most popular post-EDSA president, receiving 75% approval of his performance during his six-year tenure, while only 10% expressed disapproval.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte described himself as left-leaning during his campaign and presidency, but has stressed that he is for democracy and is not a communist.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: He was once a member of the leftist Kabataang Makabayan during the 1970s. He himself is a student of prominent Philippine leftist figure and founder of the Communist Party of the Philippines, Jose Maria Sison. However, his relationship with the communists deteriorated during his presidency due to continued rebel attacks on soldiers despite the peace talks.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte has his own local show in Davao City called "Gikan Sa Masa, Para Sa Masa" ("From the Masses, For the Masses"), which is aired as a blocktimer on ABS-CBN Davao. He is also a member of Lex Talionis Fraternitas, a fraternity based in the San Beda College of Law and the Ateneo de Davao University.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: While criticizing political opponent Antonio Trillanes in a 2019 speech, Duterte said that he was once gay but had "cured himself" before meeting his partner Zimmerman.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte is currently living with his common-law wife Cielito "Honeylet" Avanceña, a nurse, with whom he has one daughter named Veronica ("Kitty"). Duterte has eight grandchildren, half of whom are Muslims and the other half Christian, and one great grandchild.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: On his paternal side, he shares familial ties with some of the prominent families of the Visayas, particularly the Almendrases and Duranos of Danao, Cebu.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In July 2018, he called himself "spiritual" and expressed his belief in "one Supreme God", but stated he "can't accept" Catholicism or organized religion. In 2019, he was quoted as saying: "a part of me which is Islam".

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte has Buerger's disease, an inflammation of blood vessels, mostly in the limbs, and Barrett's esophagus, wherein esophageal cells are gradually replaced by gastrointestinal cells. He has denied rumors of throat cancer.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte has boasted about his use of Viagra: "When I was young, I could do overnight, which is more expensive. When I got old, I could do short time only because I have such a short time left. After one erection, that's it. No more. Without Viagra, it's even more difficult."

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: In a speech to the Filipino community in Russia, Duterte revealed that he has myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease, which makes his eye droop.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Rodrigo Duterte

Context: Duterte was conferred an honorary doctorate degree for international relations or foreign diplomacy from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations on October 5, 2019.

Question: 2018年、フィリピンの大統領は誰ですか？


Wine

Context: The earliest known traces of wine are from Georgia ( BCE), Iran (Persia) ( BCE), and Sicily ( BCE). Wine reached the Balkans by 4500 BC and was consumed and celebrated in ancient Greece, Thrace and Rome. Throughout history, wine has been consumed for its intoxicating effects.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Although not wine, the earliest evidence of grape and rice mixed based fermented drinks were found in ancient China ( BCE),

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: The earliest remains of Apadana Palace in Persepolis dating back to 515 BCE include carvings depicting soldiers from Achaemenid Empire subject nations bringing gifts to the Achaemenid king, among them Armenians bringing their famous wine.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: The first known mention of grape-based wines in India is from the late 4th-century BCE writings of Chanakya, the chief minister of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. In his writings, Chanakya condemns the use of alcohol while chronicling the emperor and his court's frequent indulgence of a style of wine known as "madhu".

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: The type of grape used and the amount of skin contact while the juice is being extracted determines the color and general style of the wine. The color has no relation to a wine's sweetness—all may be made sweet or dry.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: To make white wine, grapes are pressed quickly with the juice immediately drained away from the grape skins. The grapes used are typically white grape varieties, though red grapes may be used if the winemaker is careful not to let the skin stain the wort during the separation of the pulp-juice. For example, pinot noir (a red grape) is commonly used in champagne.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Dry (low sugar) white wine is the most common, derived from the complete fermentation of the juice, however sweet white wines such as Moscato d'Asti are also made.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: A rosé wine gains color from red grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine. It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the skin contact method. The color can range from a pale orange to a vivid near-purple, depending on the varietals used and wine-making techniques.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: There are three primary ways to produce rosé wine: Skin contact (allowing dark grape skins to stain the wort), saignée (removing juice from the must early in fermentation and continuing fermentation of the juice separately), and blending of a red and white wine (uncommon and discouraged in most wine growing regions). Rosé wines have a wide range of sweetness levels from dry Provençal rosé to sweet White Zinfandels and blushes. Rosé wines are made from a wide variety of grapes all over the world.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Sometimes called amber wines, these are wines made with white grapes but with the skins allowed to soak during pressing, similar to red and rosé wine production. They are notably tannic, and usually made dry.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: These are effervescent wines, made in any of the above styles (ie, orange, red, rosé, white). They must undergo secondary fermentation to create carbon dioxide, which creates the bubbles.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Two common methods of accomplishing this are the traditional method, used for Cava, Champagne, and more expensive sparkling wines, and the Charmat method, used for Prosecco, Asti, and less expensive wines. A hybrid "transfer method" is also used, yielding intermediate results, and simple addition of carbon dioxide is used in the cheapest of wines.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: The bottles used for sparkling wine must be thick to withstand the pressure of the gas behind the cork, which can be up to .

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: This refers to sweet wines that have a high level of sugar remaining after fermentation. There are various ways of increasing the amount of sugar in a wine, yielding products with different strengths and names. Icewine, Port, Sauternes, Tokaji Aszú, Trockenbeerenauslese, and Vin Santo are some examples.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Mead, also called honey wine, is created by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains, or hops. As long as the primary substance fermented is honey, the drink is considered mead. Mead was produced in ancient history throughout Europe, Africa and Asia, and was known in Europe before grape wine.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Other drinks called "wine", such as barley wine and rice wine (e.g. sake, huangjiu and cheongju), are made from starch-based materials and resemble beer more than traditional wine, while ginger wine is fortified with brandy. In these latter cases, the term "wine" refers to the similarity in alcohol content rather than to the production process. The commercial use of the English word "wine" (and its equivalent in other languages) is protected by law in many jurisdictions.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Some UK supermarkets have been criticized for selling "wine based" drinks, which only contain 75% wine, but which are still marketed as wine. The International Organisation of Vine and Wine requires that a "wine-based drink" must contain a minimum of 75% wine, but producers do not have to divulge the nature of the remaining 25%.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Wine is usually made from one or more varieties of the European species "Vitis vinifera", such as Pinot noir, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Gamay and Merlot. When one of these varieties is used as the predominant grape (usually defined by law as minimums of 75% to 85%), the result is a "varietal" as opposed to a "blended" wine. Blended wines are not necessarily inferior to varietal wines, rather they are a different style of wine-making.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Wine can also be made from other species of grape or from hybrids, created by the genetic crossing of two species. "V. labrusca" (of which the Concord grape is a cultivar), "V. aestivalis", "V. rupestris", "V. rotundifolia" and "V. riparia" are native North American grapes usually grown to eat fresh or for grape juice, jam, or jelly, and only occasionally made into wine.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Some blended wine names are marketing terms whose use is governed by trademark law rather than by specific wine laws. For example, Meritage (sounds like "heritage") is generally a Bordeaux-style blend of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, but may also include Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and Malbec. Commercial use of the term Meritage is allowed only via licensing agreements with the Meritage Association.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: New World wines—those made outside the traditional wine regions of Europe—are usually classified by grape rather than by "terroir" or region of origin, although there have been unofficial attempts to classify them by quality.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: In the United States, for a wine to be vintage-dated and labeled with a country of origin or American Viticultural Area (AVA; e.g., Sonoma Valley), 95% of its volume must be from grapes harvested in that year. If a wine is not labeled with a country of origin or AVA the percentage requirement is lowered to 85%.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: For consistency, non-vintage wines can be blended from more than one vintage, which helps wine-makers sustain a reliable market image and maintain sales even in bad years. One recent study suggests that for the average wine drinker, the vintage year may not be as significant for perceived quality as had been thought, although wine connoisseurs continue to place great importance on it.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Outstanding vintages from the best vineyards may sell for thousands of dollars per bottle, though the broader term "fine wine" covers those typically retailing in excess of US$30–50. "Investment wines" are considered by some to be Veblen goods: those for which demand increases rather than decreases as their prices rise.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Particular selections such as "Verticals", which span multiple vintages of a specific grape and vineyard, may be highly valued. The most notable was a Château d'Yquem 135-year vertical containing every vintage from 1860 to 2003 sold for $1.5 million.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: The most common wines purchased for investment include those from Bordeaux and Burgundy; cult wines from Europe and elsewhere; and vintage port. Characteristics of highly collectible wines include:

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Investment in fine wine has attracted those who take advantage of their victims' relative ignorance of this wine market sector. Such wine fraudsters often profit by charging excessively high prices for off-vintage or lower-status wines from well-known wine regions, while claiming that they are offering a sound investment unaffected by economic cycles. As with any investment, thorough research is essential to making an informed decision.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Wine grapes grow almost exclusively between 30 and 50 degrees latitude north and south of the equator. The world's southernmost vineyards are in the Central Otago region of New Zealand's South Island near the 45th parallel south, and the northernmost are in Flen, Sweden, just north of the 59th parallel north.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Wine-consumption data from a list of countries by alcohol consumption measured in liters of pure ethyl alcohol consumed per capita in a given year, according to the most recent data from the World Health Organization. The methodology includes persons 15 years of age or older. About 40% of individuals above the legal drinking age consider themselves "wine drinkers", which is higher than all other alcoholic beverages combined (34%) and those who do not drink at all (26%).

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Wine is important in cuisine not just for its value as a drink, but as a flavor agent, primarily in stocks and braising, since its acidity lends balance to rich savory or sweet dishes. Wine sauce is an example of a culinary sauce that uses wine as a primary ingredient. Natural wines may exhibit a broad range of alcohol content, from below 9% to above 16% ABV, with most wines being in the 12.5–14.5% range. Fortified wines (usually with brandy) may contain 20% alcohol or more.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: The use of wine in ancient Near Eastern and Ancient Egyptian religious ceremonies was common. Libations often included wine, and the religious mysteries of Dionysus used wine as a sacramental entheogen to induce a mind-altering state.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Wine is an integral part of Jewish laws and traditions. The "Kiddush" is a blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify the Shabbat. On Pesach (Passover) during the Seder, it is a Rabbinic obligation of adults to drink four cups of wine. In the Tabernacle and in the Temple in Jerusalem, the libation of wine was part of the sacrificial service. Note that this does not mean that wine is a symbol of blood, a common misconception that contributes to the Christian beliefs of the blood libel.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: "It has been one of history's cruel ironies that the blood libel—accusations against Jews using the blood of murdered gentile children for the making of wine and matzot—became the false pretext for numerous pogroms. And due to the danger, those who live in a place where blood libels occur are halachically exempted from using red wine, lest it be seized as "evidence" against them."

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: The earliest viticulture tradition in the Southwestern United States starts with sacramental wine, beginning in the 1600s, with Christian friars and monks producing New Mexico wine.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Certain exceptions to the ban on alcohol apply. Alcohol derived from a source other than the grape (or its byproducts) and the date is allowed in "very small quantities" (loosely defined as a quantity that does not cause intoxication) under the Sunni Hanafi "madhab", for specific purposes (such as medicines), where the goal is not intoxication. However, modern Hanafi scholars regard alcohol consumption as totally forbidden.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Wines triggers positive emotions in a short period of time, such as feelings of relaxation and comfort. The context and quality of wine can affect the mood and emotions.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Excessive consumption of alcohol can cause liver cirrhosis and alcoholism. The American Heart Association "cautions people NOT to start drinking ... if they do not already drink alcohol. Consult your doctor on the benefits and risks of consuming alcohol in moderation."

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Although red wine contains the chemical resveratrol and there is tentative evidence it may improve heart health, the evidence is unclear for those at high risk . Grape skins naturally produce resveratrol in response to fungal infection, including exposure to yeast during fermentation. White wine generally contains lower levels of the chemical as it has minimal contact with grape skins during this process.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Incidents of fraud, such as mislabeling the origin or quality of wines, have resulted in regulations on labeling. "Wine scandals" that have received media attention include:

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: Most wines are sold in glass bottles and sealed with corks (50% of which come from Portugal). An increasing number of wine producers have been using alternative closures such as screwcaps and synthetic plastic "corks". Although alternative closures are less expensive and prevent cork taint, they have been blamed for such problems as excessive reduction.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Wine

Context: There are a large number of occupations and professions that are part of the wine industry, ranging from the individuals who grow the grapes, prepare the wine, bottle it, sell it, assess it, market it and finally make recommendations to clients and serve the wine.

Question: ジーザスはワインを何に例えましたか？


Kagura

Context: There are two major types of kagura----mai and odori. Mai presents the slow circular movement, stressing quiet and elegance; While odori presents quick leaping and jumping, stressing activation and energy. The two types can be understood as two phrases of kagura----the mai is a preparation process for trance and odori is the unconscious trance stage.

Question: 神楽師の役割は何


Kagura

Context: During mai dance, the female shaman, surrounded by a group of priests, holds gohei (a ceremonial wand used to cleanse or purify) as well as other sound producing instruments and engages with circling movement to summon deities. Once the female shaman enters a possessed status, she switches into spontaneous leaping movements, which is called odori.

Question: 神楽師の役割は何


Kagura

Context: The epics "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki" describe a folktale origin for the dances. In these texts, there is a famous legendary tale about the sun goddess Amaterasu, who retreated into a cave, bringing darkness and cold to the world. Ame-no-Uzume, goddess of the dawn and of revelry, led the other gods in a wild dance, and persuaded Amaterasu to emerge to see what the ruckus was all about. "Kagura" is one of a number of rituals and arts said to derive from this event.

Question: 神楽師の役割は何


Kagura

Context: The kagura uta is the sacred vocal repertoire of 26 songs ("Niwabi", "Achime", "Sakaki", "Karakami", "Hayakarakami", "Komomakura", "Sazanami", "Senzai", "Hayauta", "Hoshi", "Asakura", "Sonokoma", etc.) traditionally performed by a male choir for several days, but reduced today to 12 chants performed in six hours. We use a And / or a traditional Oboe (hichiriki), and possibly a yamatogoto and shakubyoshi claves.

Question: 神楽師の役割は何


Kagura

Context: The formal Imperial ritual dances ("Mikagura") were performed in a number of sacred places and on a number of special occasions. At the Imperial Sanctuary, where the Sacred Mirror is kept, they are performed as part of "gagaku" court music. "Mikagura" are also performed at the Imperial harvest festival and at major shrines such as Ise, Kamo, and Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū. Since around the year 1000, these events have taken place every year.

Question: 神楽師の役割は何


Kagura

Context: According to the ritual department of the Imperial Household Agency, "mikagura" still take place every December in the Imperial Sanctuary and at the Imperial harvest festival ceremonies.

Question: 神楽師の役割は何


Kagura

Context: "Satokagura", or "normal kagura", is a wide umbrella term containing a great diversity of folk dances derived from the Imperial ritual dances ("Mikagura"), and incorporated with other folk traditions. It would be at the origin of noh and kyōgen. For the sake of brevity, a selection of traditions are used as examples:

Question: 神楽師の役割は何


Rum Rebellion

Context: The Rum Rebellion of 1808 was a "coup d'état" in the then-British penal colony of New South Wales, staged by the New South Wales Corps in order to depose Governor William Bligh. Australia's first and only military coup, its name derives from the illicit rum trade of early Sydney, over which the 'Rum Corps', as it became known, maintained a monopoly. During the first half of the 19th century, it was widely referred to in Australia as the Great Rebellion.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: Bligh, under instructions from the Colonial Office, attempted to normalise trading conditions in the colony by prohibiting the use of spirits as payment for commodities. He communicated his policy to the Colonial Office in 1807, with the advice that his policy would be met with resistance. On 31 December 1807 Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, wrote back to Bligh with instructions to stop the barter of spirits.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: In October 1807 Major Johnston wrote a formal letter of complaint to the Commander-in-Chief of the British Army, stating that Bligh was abusive and interfering with the troops of the New South Wales Corps. It is clear that Bligh had made enemies of some of the most influential people in the colony. He also antagonised some of the less wealthy when he ordered those who had leases on government land within Sydney to remove their houses.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: Macarthur had arrived with the New South Wales Corps in 1790 as a lieutenant, and by 1805 he had substantial farming and commercial interests in the colony. He had quarrelled with the governors preceding Bligh and had fought three duels.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: Bligh accused the six officers of what amounted to mutiny and summoned Johnston to come and deal with the matter. Johnston replied that he was ill, as he had wrecked his gig on the evening of 24 January on his way back home to Annandale after dining with officers of the Corps.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: On the morning of 26 January 1808, Bligh again ordered that Macarthur be arrested and also ordered the return of court papers, which were now in the hands of officers of the New South Wales Corps. The Corps responded with a request for a new Judge Advocate and the release of Macarthur on bail. Bligh summoned the officers to Government House to answer charges made by Atkins, and he informed Johnston that he considered the action of the officers of the Corps to be treasonable.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: The origins of the watercolour derive from a dispute between Bligh and Sergeant Major Whittle about Bligh demanding Whittle to pull down his house as it was halting improvements to the town. It has been suggested Whittle either commissioned the painting or had painted the watercolour himself, but neither is likely as Whittle was illiterate.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: In January 1809 Bligh was given the control of HMS "Porpoise" on condition that he return to England. However, Bligh sailed to Hobart in Van Diemen's Land, seeking the support of the Lieutenant-Governor David Collins to retake control of the colony. Collins refused to support him and on Paterson's orders Bligh remained cut off on board "Porpoise", moored at the mouth of the River Derwent south of Hobart, until January 1810.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: Bligh's promotion to rear admiral was held up until the end of Johnston's trial. Afterward it was backdated to 31 July 1810 and Bligh took up a position that had been kept for him. He continued his naval career in the Admiralty, without command, and died of cancer in 1817.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: Essentially it was the culmination of a long-running tussle for power between the government and private entrepreneurs, a fight over the future and the nature of the colony. The early governors wanted to keep NSW as a large-scale open prison, with a primitive economy based on yeomen ex-convicts and run by government fiat.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: ... almost no one at the time of the rebellion thought it was about rum. Bligh tried briefly to give it that spin, to smear his opponents, but there was no evidence for it and he moved on.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: Many years later, in 1855, an English Quaker named William Howitt published a popular history of Australia. Like many teetotallers, he was keen to blame alcohol for all the problems in the world. Howitt took Bligh's side and invented the phrase Rum Rebellion, and it has stuck ever since.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Rum Rebellion

Context: "The Biography of Early Australia" dismisses Macarthur's complaints as ridiculous and quotes Evatt as saying that legally Macarthur was guilty of two out of the three charges brought against him, including sedition. Both consider that Bligh was wholly justified in his actions because he was the legitimate authority. Duffy asserts that had Johnston arrived when summoned on 25 January the Rum Rebellion probably would never have happened.

Question: ラム酒の反乱を企てたのは誰？


Modal realism

Context: "Extended modal realism" is a form of modal realism that involves ontological commitments not just to "possible worlds" but also to "impossible worlds". Objects are conceived as being spread out in the modal dimension, i.e. as having not just spatial and temporal parts but also modal parts. This contrasts with Lewis' modal realism according to which each object only inhabits one possible world.

Question: 様相実在論が初めて提唱されたのはいつ


Modal realism

Context: The term goes back to Leibniz's theory of possible worlds, used to analyse necessity, possibility, and similar modal notions. In short: the actual world is regarded as merely one among an infinite set of logically possible worlds, some "nearer" to the actual world and some more remote. A proposition is "necessary" if it is true in all possible worlds, and "possible" if it is true in at least one.

Question: 様相実在論が初めて提唱されたのはいつ


Modal realism

Context: In philosophy possible worlds are usually regarded as real but abstract possibilities, or sometimes as a mere metaphor, abbreviation, or as mathematical devices.

Question: 様相実在論が初めて提唱されたのはいつ


Modal realism

Context: Lewis himself not only claimed to take modal realism seriously (although he did regret his choice of the expression "modal realism"), he also insisted that his claims should be taken literally:

Question: 様相実在論が初めて提唱されたのはいつ


Modal realism

Context: Lewis believes that the concept of alethic modality can be reduced to talk of real possible worlds. For example, to say ""x" is possible" is to say that there exists a possible world where "x" is true. To say ""x" is necessary" is to say that in all possible worlds "x" is true. The appeal to possible worlds provides a sort of economy with the least number of undefined primitives/axioms in our ontology.

Question: 様相実在論が初めて提唱されたのはいつ


Modal realism

Context: Possible worlds are often regarded with suspicion, which is why their proponents have struggled to find arguments in their favor. An often-cited argument is called the argument from ways. It defines possible worlds as "ways how things could have been" and relies for its premises and inferences on assumptions from natural language, for example:

Question: 様相実在論が初めて提唱されたのはいつ


Modal realism

Context: While it may appear to be a simply extravagant account of modality, modal realism has proven to be historically quite resilient. Nonetheless, a number of philosophers, including Lewis himself, have produced criticisms of (what some call) "extreme realism" about possible worlds.

Question: 様相実在論が初めて提唱されたのはいつ


Modal realism

Context: A pervasive theme in Lewis's replies to the critics of modal realism is the use of tu quoque argument: "your" account would fail in just the same way that you claim mine would. A major heuristic virtue of Lewis's theory is that it is sufficiently definite for objections to gain some foothold; but these objections, once clearly articulated, can then be turned equally against other theories of the ontology and epistemology of possible worlds.

Question: 様相実在論が初めて提唱されたのはいつ


Modal realism

Context: Saul Kripke described modal realism as "totally misguided", "wrong", and "objectionable". Kripke argued that possible worlds were not like distant countries out there to be discovered; rather, we stipulate what is true according to them. Kripke also criticized modal realism for its reliance on counterpart theory, which he regarded as untenable.

Question: 様相実在論が初めて提唱されたのはいつ


Hightstown rail accident

Context: Over 100 years later in 1943, a broken axle caused by an overheated journal box caused a far greater loss of life when the "Congressional Limited" crashed in Philadelphia.

Question: 記録されている最古の列車脱線事故は何？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Barney and Betty Hill were an American couple who claimed they were abducted by extraterrestrials in a rural portion of the state of New Hampshire from September 19 to 20, 1961. It was the first widely publicized report of an alien abduction in the United States.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: The incident came to be called the "Hill Abduction" and the "Zeta Reticuli Incident" because the star map shown to Betty Hill could possibly be the Zeta Reticuli system according to some researchers. Their story was adapted into the best-selling 1966 book "The Interrupted Journey" and the 1975 television film "The UFO Incident". In the early 21st century, plans were announced for a movie and a TV series based on the incident, although as of 2022 nothing has been produced.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Most of Betty Hill's notes, tapes, and other items have been placed in the permanent collection at the University of New Hampshire, her alma mater. In July 2011, the New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources marked the site of the alleged craft's first approach with a historical marker.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: There were shiny, concentric circles on their car's trunk that had not been there the previous day. Betty and Barney experimented with a compass, noting that when they moved it close to the spots, the needle would whirl rapidly. But when they moved it a few inches away from the shiny spots, it would drop down.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Ten days after the alleged UFO encounter, Betty began having a series of vivid dreams. They continued for five successive nights. Never in her memory had she recalled dreams in such detail and intensity. But they stopped abruptly after five nights and never returned. They occupied her thoughts during the day. When she mentioned them to Barney, he was sympathetic, but not too concerned, and the matter was dropped. Betty did not mention them to Barney again.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: In the dreams, Betty, Barney, and the men walked up a ramp into a disc-shaped craft of metallic appearance. Once inside, Barney and Betty were separated. She protested and was told by a man she called "the leader" that if she and Barney were examined together, it would take much longer to conduct the exams. She and Barney were then taken to separate rooms.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Betty then dreamt that a new man, similar to the others, entered to conduct her exam with the leader. Betty called this new man "the examiner" and said he had a pleasant, calm manner. Though the leader and the examiner spoke to her in English, the examiner's command of the language seemed imperfect and she had difficulty understanding him.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: The examiner left the room and Betty engaged in conversation with the "leader." She picked up a book with rows of strange symbols that the "leader" said she could take home with her. She also asked from where he came, and he pulled down an instructional map dotted with stars.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: In Betty's dream account, the men began escorting the Hills from the ship when a disagreement broke out. The leader then informed Betty that she couldn't keep the book, stating that they had decided that the other men did not want her to even remember the encounter. Betty insisted that no matter what they did to her memory, she would one day recall the events.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: She and Barney were taken to their car, where the leader suggested that they wait to watch the craft's departure. They did so, then resumed their drive.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: On November 25, 1961, the Hills were again interviewed at length by NICAP members, this time C. D. Jackson and Robert E. Hohmann.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: The subject of hypnosis came up, and it was decided that it should be carried out in order to recover previously irretrievable memories. Barney was apprehensive, but thought it might help Betty put to rest what Barney described as "the 'nonsense' about her dreams."

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: By February 1962, the Hills were making frequent weekend drives to the White Mountains, hoping that revisiting the site might spark more memories. They were unsuccessful in trying to locate the site where they recalled seeing a fiery orb sitting in the road. However, they were able to eliminate several possible routes. (They found what they claimed was the "capture" site on Labor Day weekend in 1965.)

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: On September 7, 1963, Captain Swett returned and gave a formal lecture on hypnosis to a meeting at the Unitarian Church. After the lecture, the Hills told him that Barney was going to a psychiatrist, a Mr. Stephens, whom he liked and trusted. Captain Swett suggested that Barney ask Stephens about the use of hypnosis in his case.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: When Barney next met with Stephens, he asked about hypnosis. Stephens referred the Hills to Benjamin Simon of Boston.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: On November 3, 1963, the Hills spoke before an amateur UFO study group, the Two State UFO Study Group, in Quincy Center, Massachusetts.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: The Hills first met Simon on December 14, 1963. Early in their discussions, Simon determined that the UFO encounter was causing Barney far more worry and anxiety than he was willing to admit. Though Simon dismissed the popular extraterrestrial hypothesis as impossible, it seemed obvious to him that the Hills genuinely thought they had witnessed a UFO with human-like occupants. Simon hoped to uncover more about the experience through hypnosis.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Simon began hypnotizing the Hills on January 4, 1964. He hypnotized Betty and Barney several times each, and the sessions lasted until June 6, 1964. Simon conducted the sessions on Barney and Betty separately, so they could not overhear one another's recollections. At the end of each session, he reinstated amnesia.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Simon hypnotized Barney first. His recall of witnessing non-human figures was quite emotional, punctuated with expressions of fear, emotional outbursts and incredulity. Barney said that, due to his fear, he kept his eyes closed for much of the abduction and physical examination. Based on these early responses, Simon told Barney that he would not remember the hypnosis sessions until he was certain he could remember them without being further traumatized.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: While Betty reported a conversation with the "leader" in English, Barney said that he heard them speaking in a mumbling language he did not understand. Betty also mentioned this detail. The few times they communicated with him, Barney said it seemed to be "thought transference"; at that time, he was unfamiliar with the word "telepathy". Both Betty and Barney stated that they hadn't observed the beings' mouths moving when they communicated in English with them.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Under hypnosis, Betty's account was similar to her five dreams about the UFO abduction, with some notable differences, mainly pertaining to her capture and release. Also, the technology on the craft was different, the short men differed significantly in physical appearance and the sequential order of the abduction differed. Barney's and Betty's memories in hypnotic regression were, however, consistent with one another.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Betty exhibited considerable emotional distress when recounting her capture and examination; Simon ended one session early because tears were flowing down her cheeks.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Though the Hills and Simon disagreed about the cause of their distress, they all concurred that the hypnosis sessions were effective; the Hills were no longer tormented by abduction anxiety.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: When the series of hypnosis sessions were complete, Simon wrote an article about the Hills for the journal "Psychiatric Opinion," explaining his conclusion that the case was a singular psychological aberration.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: The Hills went back to their regular lives. They were willing to discuss the alleged UFO encounter with friends, family and the occasional UFO researcher, but the Hills apparently made no effort to seek publicity.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: In 1966 writer John G. Fuller secured the cooperation of the Hills and Simon and wrote the book "The Interrupted Journey" (see below) about the case. The book included a copy of Betty's sketch of the "star map." The book was a quick success and went through several printings.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Barney died of a cerebral hemorrhage on February 25, 1969, at age 46, after which Betty went on to become a celebrity in the UFO community. She died of cancer on October 17, 2004, at age 85, never having remarried.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Fish sent her analysis to Webb. Agreeing with her conclusions, Webb sent the map to Terence Dickinson, editor of the magazine "Astronomy". Dickinson did not endorse Fish and Webb's conclusions, but for the first time in the journal's history, "Astronomy" invited comments and debate on a UFO report, starting with an opening article in the December 1974 issue.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: The 1966 publication of "Interrupted Journey," by John G. Fuller, details much of the Hills' claims. Excerpts of the book were published in "Look" magazine, and the book went on to sell many copies and greatly publicize the Hills' account.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: "Captured! The Betty and Barney Hill UFO Experience" by Betty Hill's niece and founder of the Mutual UFO Network Kathleen Marden further explored Fuller's themes along with scientist Stanton T. Friedman. Marden knew Betty well and had spoken with her at great length about the encounter. She examined the historical records and scientific reports pertaining to the case and transcribed the Hills' hypnosis sessions with Benjamin Simon for her detailed comparative analysis.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Psychiatrists later suggested that the supposed abduction was a hallucination brought on by the stress of being an interracial couple in early 1960s United States. Betty discounted this suggestion, noting her relationship with Barney was happy, and their interracial marriage caused no notable problems with their friends or family. As noted in "The Interrupted Journey", Simon thought that the Hills' marital status had nothing to do with the UFO encounter.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Robert Sheaffer released 48 pages of archived documents relating to Betty and Barney Hill, Benjamin Simon and Philip J. Klass on the Internet on December 23, 2015.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: The couple was portrayed by James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons in the 1975 television film adapted by S. Lee Pogostin, "The UFO Incident", and by Basil Wallace and Lee Garlington in the 1996 television series "Dark Skies".

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: In 2018 the story formed the basis of the "Dinner Party" virtual reality exhibit at the travelling art show Wonderspaces.

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


Barney and Betty Hill

Context: Betty and Barney Hill have been the topic of many podcasts over the years. Non-fiction television programs that have discussed the encounter include:

Question: ヒル夫妻誘拐事件の当時の夫の職業は何だった？


We Can Do It!

Context: "We Can Do It!" is an American World War II wartime poster produced by J. Howard Miller in 1943 for Westinghouse Electric as an inspirational image to boost female worker morale.

Question: J・ハワード・ミラーの職業は何？


We Can Do It!

Context: Ed Reis, a volunteer historian for Westinghouse, noted that the original image was not shown to female riveters during the war, so the recent association with "Rosie the Riveter" was unjustified. Rather, it was targeted at women who were making helmet liners out of Micarta. Reis joked that the woman in the image was more likely to have been named "Molly the Micarta Molder or Helen the Helmet Liner Maker."

Question: J・ハワード・ミラーの職業は何？


We Can Do It!

Context: In 1982, the "We Can Do It!" poster was reproduced in a magazine article, "Poster Art for Patriotism's Sake", a "Washington Post Magazine" article about posters in the collection of the National Archives.

Question: J・ハワード・ミラーの職業は何？


We Can Do It!

Context: In subsequent years, the poster was re-appropriated to promote feminism. Feminists saw in the image an embodiment of female empowerment. The "We" was understood to mean "We Women", uniting all women in a sisterhood fighting against gender inequality. This was very different from the poster's 1943 use to control employees and to discourage labor unrest. History professor Jeremiah Axelrod commented on the image's combination of femininity with the "masculine (almost macho) composition and body language."

Question: J・ハワード・ミラーの職業は何？


We Can Do It!

Context: "Smithsonian" magazine put the image on its cover in March 1994, to invite the viewer to read a featured article about wartime posters. The US Postal Service created a 33¢ stamp in February 1999 based on the image, with the added words "Women Support War Effort". A Westinghouse poster from 1943 was put on display at the National Museum of American History, part of the exhibit showing items from the 1930s and '40s.

Question: J・ハワード・ミラーの職業は何？


We Can Do It!

Context: Although many publications have repeated Doyle's unsupported assertion that the wartime photograph inspired Miller's poster, Westinghouse historian Charles A. Ruch, a Pittsburgh resident who had been friends with J. Howard Miller, said that Miller was not in the habit of working from photographs, but rather live models. However, the photograph of Naomi Parker did appear in the Pittsburgh Press on July 5, 1942, making it possible that Miller saw it as he was creating the poster.

Question: J・ハワード・ミラーの職業は何？


We Can Do It!

Context: Geraldine Doyle died in December 2010. "Utne Reader" went ahead with their scheduled January–February 2011 cover image: a parody of "We Can Do It!" featuring Marge Simpson raising her right hand in a fist. The editors of the magazine expressed regret at the passing of Doyle.

Question: J・ハワード・ミラーの職業は何？


We Can Do It!

Context: A stereoscopic image of "We Can Do It!" was created for the closing credits of the 2011 superhero film "". The image served as the background for the title card of English actress Hayley Atwell.

Question: J・ハワード・ミラーの職業は何？


We Can Do It!

Context: In 2010, American singer Pink featured this poster in her Raise Your Glass music video. Pink recreates the poster wearing the same clothing and doing the same pose as in the poster.

Question: J・ハワード・ミラーの職業は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: After plans to build the 92-storey Millennium Tower were dropped, 30 St Mary Axe was designed by Norman Foster and the Arup Group. It was erected by Skanska; construction started in 2001.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: The building has become a recognisable landmark of London, and it is one of the city's most widely recognised examples of contemporary architecture. It won the 2003 Emporis Skyscraper Award.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: On 10 April 1992, the Provisional IRA detonated a bomb close to the Baltic Exchange, causing extensive damage to the historic building and neighbouring structures. The United Kingdom government's statutory adviser on the historic environment, English Heritage, and the City of London's governing body, the City of London Corporation, were keen that any redevelopment must restore the Baltic Exchange's old façade onto St Mary Axe. The Exchange Hall was a celebrated fixture of the shipping market.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: In 1996, Trafalgar House submitted plans for the London Millennium Tower, a building with more than of office space, apartments, shops, restaurants and gardens. This plan was dropped after objections that it was totally out-of-scale in the City of London, and anticipated disruption to flight paths for both London City and London Heathrow airports; the revised plan for a lower tower was accepted.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: John Prescott, the Deputy Prime Minister, granted planning permission on 23 August 2000 to construct a building on the site, which would be much larger than the old Exchange. The site needed development, was not on any of the "sight lines" (planning guidance requires that new buildings do not obstruct or detract from the view of St Paul's Cathedral dome when viewed from a number of locations around London), and had housed the Baltic Exchange.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: The new building's low-level plan satisfied the planning authority's desire to maintain London's traditional streetscape, with its narrow streets. The massing of the tower was not too imposing. Like Barclays' former city headquarters in Lombard Street, the idea was that the passer-by in neighbouring streets would be nearly oblivious to the tower's existence until directly underneath it.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: The building uses energy-saving methods which allow it to use only half the power that a similar tower would typically consume. Gaps in each floor create six shafts that serve as a natural ventilation system for the entire building, even though required firebreaks on every sixth floor interrupt the "chimney". The shafts create a giant double glazing effect; air is sandwiched between two layers of glazing and insulates the office space inside.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: Architects promote double glazing in residential houses, which avoids the inefficient convection of heat across the relatively narrow gap between the panes, but the tower exploits this effect. The shafts pull warm air out of the building during the summer and warm the building in the winter using passive solar heating. The shafts also allow sunlight to pass through the building, making the work environment more pleasing, and keeping the lighting costs down.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: The primary methods for controlling wind-excited sways are to increase the stiffness, or increase damping with tuned/active mass dampers. To a design by Arup, its fully triangulated perimeter structure makes the building rigid enough without any extra reinforcements. Despite its overall curved glass shape, there is only one piece of curved glass on the building, the lens-shaped cap at the apex.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: The building is visible over long distances: From the north, for instance, it can be seen from the M11 motorway, some away, while to the west it can be seen from the statue of George III in Windsor Great Park.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: Since February 2010, Sky News has broadcast its flagship business programme, "Jeff Randall Live", from a studio in the building. The top two floors of the tower have been available since at least 2015 for private hire for events.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


30 St Mary Axe

Context: Deloitte announced in April 2014 that the building was again being put up for sale, with an expected price of £550 million. The current owners could not afford to make loan repayments, citing differences in the value of the multi-currency loan and the British pound, high interest rates and general financing structure. In November 2014, the Gherkin was purchased for £700 million by the Safra Group, controlled by the Brazilian billionaire Joseph Safra.

Question: 30セント・メリー・アクスで初めて設立した金融会社は何？


Signaling of the New York City Subway

Context: There have been two different schemes of signaling in the system. The current scheme is used on all A Division and B Division lines, originally built to the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT) and Independent Subway System (IND)'s specifications. An older system was previously used on all of the A Division, but with the conversion of the IRT Dyre Avenue Line signals to the B Division scheme in September 2017, this system is no longer in use.

Question: 連動装置を持たない電車はある？


Signaling of the New York City Subway

Context: The New York City Subway generally distinguishes its current signals between automatic signals, which are solely controlled by train movements; approach signals, which can be forced to display a stop aspect by the interlocking tower; home signals, whose route is set by the interlocking tower; and additional signals (such as call-on, dwarf, marker, sign, repeater and time signals).

Question: 連動装置を持たない電車はある？


Signaling of the New York City Subway

Context: Common automatic and approach signals consist of one signal head showing one of the following signal aspects:

Question: 連動装置を持たない電車はある？


Signaling of the New York City Subway

Context: Where different directions are possible, the subway uses both speed and route signaling. The upper signal head indicates the speed while the lower signal head is used for routes, with the main route shown in green and the diverging route shown in yellow.

Question: 連動装置を持たない電車はある？


Signaling of the New York City Subway

Context: The old signals break down more easily, since some signals have outlasted their 50-year service life by up to 30 years, and signal problems accounted for 13% of all subway delays in 2016. Additionally, some subway services have reached their train capacity limits and cannot operate extra trains with the current Automatic Block Signaling system.

Question: 連動装置を持たない電車はある？


Signaling of the New York City Subway

Context: The following indications are used for blocks where there are no track divergences (i.e. junctions) in the block immediately ahead.

Question: 連動装置を持たない電車はある？


Signaling of the New York City Subway

Context: Older signals on the former IRT lines may use different indications, which are not shown. The lights on the older IRT signals, from top to bottom, were green, red, and yellow. The lights on current signals, from top to bottom, are green, yellow, and red.

Question: 連動装置を持たない電車はある？


Signaling of the New York City Subway

Context: The system also has automatic and manual "key-by" red signals where the conductor can insert a physical key into the wayside block signal, changing the signal indication from red to yellow. The signals involve the operation of an automatic stop with an automatic or manual release, then a procedure with caution, with preparations to stop in case of debris or other obstructions on the track.

Question: 連動装置を持たない電車はある？