Pantheon, Rome

Context: In 202, the building was repaired by the joint emperors Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla (fully "Marcus Aurelius Antoninus"), for which there is another, smaller inscription on the architrave of the façade, under the aforementioned larger text. This now-barely legible inscription reads:

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: IMP · CAES · L · SEPTIMIVS · SEVERVS · PIVS · PERTINAX · ARABICVS · ADIABENICVS · PARTHICVS · MAXIMVS · PONTIF · MAX · TRIB · POTEST · X · IMP · XI · COS · III · P · P · PROCOS  ET

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: IMP · CAES · M · AVRELIVS · ANTONINVS · PIVS · FELIX · AVG · TRIB · POTEST · V · COS · PROCOS · PANTHEVM · VETVSTATE · CORRVPTVM · CVM · OMNI · CVLTV · RESTITVERVNT

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: Emp[eror] Caes[ar] L[ucius] Septimius Severus Pius Pertinax, victorious in Arabia, victor of Adiabene, the greatest victor in Parthia, Pontif[ex] Max[imus], 10 times tribune, 11 times proclaimed emperor, three times consul, P[ater] P[atriae], proconsul, and

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The building's consecration as a church saved it from the abandonment, destruction, and the worst of the spoliation that befell the majority of ancient Rome's buildings during the early medieval period. However, Paul the Deacon records the spoliation of the building by the Emperor Constans II, who visited Rome in July 663:

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: In 1747, the broad frieze below the dome with its false windows was "restored," but bore little resemblance to the original. In the early decades of the 20th century, a piece of the original, as could be reconstructed from Renaissance drawings and paintings, was recreated in one of the panels.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: On 26 May 1929, this deaconry was suppressed to establish the Cardinal Deaconry of S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The building was originally approached by a flight of steps. Later construction raised the level of the ground leading to the portico, eliminating these steps.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The pediment was decorated with relief sculpture, probably of gilded bronze. Holes marking the location of clamps that held the sculpture suggest that its design was likely an eagle within a wreath; ribbons extended from the wreath into the corners of the pediment.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: On the intermediate block between the portico and the rotunda, the remains of a second pediment suggests that existing portico is much shorter than originally intended. A portico aligned with the second pediment would fit columns with shafts 50 Roman feet (14.8 metres) tall and capitals 10 Roman feet tall (3 metres), whereas the existing portico has shafts 40 Roman feet (11.9 metres) tall and capitals eight Roman feet (2.4 metres) tall.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: However, it has also been argued that the scale of the portico was related to the urban design of the space in front of the temple.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The large bronze doors to the cella, measuring wide by high, are the oldest in Rome. These were thought to be a 15th-century replacement for the original, mainly because they were deemed by contemporary architects to be too small for the door frames. However, analysis of the fusion technique confirmed that these are the original Roman doors, a rare example of Roman monumental bronze surviving, despite cleaning and the application of Christian motifs over the centuries.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The stresses in the dome were found to be substantially reduced by the use of successively less dense aggregate stones, such as small pots or pieces of pumice, in higher layers of the dome. Mark and Hutchison estimated that, if normal weight concrete had been used throughout, the stresses in the arch would have been some 80% greater. Hidden chambers engineered within the rotunda form a sophisticated structural system. This reduced the weight of the roof, as did the oculus eliminating the apex.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: Though often drawn as a free-standing building, there was a building at its rear which abutted it. While this building helped buttress the rotunda, there was no interior passage from one to the other.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: Upon entry, visitors are greeted by an enormous rounded room covered by the dome. The oculus at the top of the dome was never covered, allowing rainfall through the ceiling and onto the floor. Because of this, the interior floor is equipped with drains and has been built with an incline of about to promote water runoff.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The interior of the dome was possibly intended to symbolize the arched vault of the heavens. The oculus at the dome's apex and the entry door are the only natural sources of light in the interior. Throughout the day, light from the oculus moves around this space in a reverse sundial effect: marking time with light rather than shadow. The oculus also offers cooling and ventilation; during storms, a drainage system below the floor handles rain falling through the oculus.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The dome features sunken panels (coffers), in five rings of 28. This evenly spaced layout was difficult to achieve and, it is presumed, had symbolic meaning, either numerical, geometric, or lunar. In antiquity, the coffers may have contained bronze rosettes symbolising the starry firmament.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The first niche to the right of the entrance holds a "Madonna of the Girdle and St Nicholas of Bari" (1686) painted by an unknown artist. The first chapel on the right, the Chapel of the Annunciation, has a fresco of the "Annunciation" attributed to Melozzo da Forlì. On the left side is a canvas by Clement Maioli of "St Lawrence and St Agnes" (1645–1650). On the right wall is the "Incredulity of St Thomas" (1633) by Pietro Paolo Bonzi.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The second niche has a 15th-century fresco of the Tuscan school, depicting the "Coronation of the Virgin". In the second chapel is the tomb of King Victor Emmanuel II (died 1878). It was originally dedicated to the Holy Spirit. A competition was held to decide which architect should design it. Giuseppe Sacconi participated, but lost – he would later design the tomb of Umberto I in the opposite chapel.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: Manfredo Manfredi won the competition, and started work in 1885. The tomb consists of a large bronze plaque surmounted by a Roman eagle and the arms of the house of Savoy. The golden lamp above the tomb burns in honor of Victor Emmanuel III, who died in exile in 1947.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: On the first niche to the left of the entrance is an "Assumption" (1638) by Andrea Camassei. The first chapel on the left, the Chapel of St Joseph in the Holy Land, is the chapel of the Confraternity of the , a confraternity of artists and musicians formed by a 16th-century canon, Desiderio da Segni, to ensure that worship was maintained in the chapel.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: The present arrangement is from 1811, designed by Antonio Muñoz. The bust of Raphael (1833) is by Giuseppe Fabris. The two plaques commemorate Maria Bibbiena and Annibale Carracci. Behind the tomb is the statue known as the "Madonna del Sasso" (Madonna of the Rock) so named because she rests one foot on a boulder. It was commissioned by Raphael and made by Lorenzetto in 1524.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


Pantheon, Rome

Context: Among the most notable versions are the church of Santa Maria Assunta (1664) in Ariccia by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, which followed his work restoring the Roman original, Belle Isle House (1774) in England and Thomas Jefferson's library at the University of Virginia, The Rotunda (1817–1826). Others include the Rotunda of Mosta in Malta (1833). Other notable replicas, such as The Rotunda (New York) (1818), do not survive.

Question: 로마에서 가장 오래된 건물은 무엇인가?


University

Context: A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: The word "university" is derived from the Latin "universitas magistrorum et scholarium", which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars".

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: In modern usage the word has come to mean "An institution of higher education offering tuition in mainly non-vocational subjects and typically having the power to confer degrees," with the earlier emphasis on its corporate organization considered as applying historically to Medieval universities.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: The original Latin word referred to degree-awarding institutions of learning in Western and Central Europe, where this form of legal organisation was prevalent and from where the institution spread around the world.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: Some scholars argue that Al-Azhar University, founded in AD 970-972 and located in Cairo, Egypt, is the oldest degree-granting university in the world and the second oldest university in the world.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: The modern university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian tradition.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: European higher education took place for hundreds of years in cathedral schools or monastic schools ("scholae monasticae"), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: In Europe, young men proceeded to university when they had completed their study of the trivium–the preparatory arts of grammar, rhetoric and dialectic or logic–and the quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: The conventional date of 1088, or 1087 according to some, records when Irnerius commences teaching Emperor Justinian's 6th-century codification of Roman law, the "Corpus Iuris Civilis", recently discovered at Pisa. Lay students arrived in the city from many lands entering into a contract to gain this knowledge, organising themselves into 'Nationes', divided between that of the Cismontanes and that of the Ultramontanes. The students "had all the power … and dominated the masters".

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: By the 18th century, universities published their own research journals and by the 19th century, the German and the French university models had arisen. The German, or Humboldtian model, was conceived by Wilhelm von Humboldt and based on Friedrich Schleiermacher's liberal ideas pertaining to the importance of freedom, seminars, and laboratories in universities. The French university model involved strict discipline and control over every aspect of the university.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: The definition of a university varies widely, even within some countries. Where there is clarification, it is usually set by a government agency. For example:

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: In Australia, the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) is Australia's independent national regulator of the higher education sector. Students rights within university are also protected by the Education Services for Overseas Students Act (ESOS).

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: In the United States there is no nationally standardized definition for the term "university", although the term has traditionally been used to designate research institutions and was once reserved for doctorate-granting research institutions. Some states, such as Massachusetts, will only grant a school "university status" if it grants at least two doctoral degrees.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: In the United Kingdom, the Privy Council is responsible for approving the use of the word "university" in the name of an institution, under the terms of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


University

Context: Many students look to get 'student grants' to cover the cost of university. In 2016, the average outstanding student loan balance per borrower in the United States was US$30,000. In many U.S. states, costs are anticipated to rise for students as a result of decreased state funding given to public universities. Many universities in the United States offer students the opportunity to apply for financial scholarships to help pay for tuition based on academic achievement.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 대학교는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria (d. 1195) was one of the most powerful German princes of his time. He ruled over vast territories in the German Holy Roman Empire from the North and Baltic Sea to the Alps. Henry wanted to expand his power in Bavaria by gaining control of the lucrative salt trade, which the Catholic Church in Freising had under its control.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Bishop Otto von Freising (d. 1158) was a scholar, historian and bishop of a large section of Bavaria that was part of his diocese of Freising.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Years earlier (the exact time is unclear, but may have been in the early 10th century), Benedictine monks helped build a toll bridge and a customs house over the Isar River (most likely in the modern town of Oberföhring) to control the salt trade between Augsburg and Salzburg (which had existed since Roman times).

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: By Köppen classification templates and updated data the climate is oceanic ("Cfb"), independent of the isotherm but with some humid continental ("Dfb") features like warm to hot summers and cold winters, but without permanent snow cover. The proximity to the Alps brings higher volumes of rainfall and consequently greater susceptibility to flood problems. Studies of adaptation to climate change and extreme events are carried out, one of them is the Isar Plan of the EU Adaptation Climate.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Showers and thunderstorms bring the highest average monthly precipitation in late spring and throughout the summer. The most precipitation occurs in July, on average. Winter tends to have less precipitation, the least in February.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: The higher elevation and proximity to the Alps cause the city to have more rain and snow than many other parts of Germany. The Alps affect the city's climate in other ways too; for example, the warm downhill wind from the Alps (föhn wind), which can raise temperatures sharply within a few hours even in the winter.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: The most recent mayoral election was held on 15 March 2020, with a runoff held on 29 March, and the results were as follows:

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: At the centre of the city is the Marienplatz – a large open square named after the Mariensäule, a Marian column in its centre – with the Old and the New Town Hall. Its tower contains the Rathaus-Glockenspiel. Three gates of the demolished medieval fortification survive – the Isartor in the east, the Sendlinger Tor in the south and the Karlstor in the west of the inner city. The Karlstor leads up to the Stachus, a square dominated by the Justizpalast (Palace of Justice) and a fountain.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Ludwigstraße also begins at Odeonsplatz and runs from south to north, skirting the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, the St. Louis church, the Bavarian State Library and numerous state ministries and palaces. The southern part of the avenue was constructed in Italian renaissance style, while the north is strongly influenced by Italian Romanesque architecture. The

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Siegestor (gate of victory) sits at the northern end of Ludwigstraße, where the latter passes over into Leopoldstraße and the district of Schwabing begins.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Prinzregentenstraße runs parallel to Maximilianstraße and begins at Prinz-Carl-Palais. Many museums are on the avenue, such as the Haus der Kunst, the Bavarian National Museum and the Schackgalerie. The avenue crosses the Isar and circles the Friedensengel monument, then passing the Villa Stuck and Hitler's old apartment. The Prinzregententheater is at Prinzregentenplatz further to the east.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: St Michael in Berg am Laim is a church in the suburbs. Another church of Johann Michael Fischer is St George in Bogenhausen. Most of the boroughs have parish churches that originate from the Middle Ages, such as the church of pilgrimage St Mary in Ramersdorf. The oldest church within the city borders is Heilig Kreuz in Fröttmaning next to the Allianz Arena, known for its Romanesque fresco. Moosach features one of the oldest churches, Alt-St. Martin, but a larger one was built in 1925.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Other large green spaces are the modern Olympiapark, the Westpark, and the parks of Nymphenburg Palace (with the Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg to the north), and Schleissheim Palace. The city's oldest park is the Hofgarten, near the Residenz, dating back to the 16th century. The site of the largest beer garden in town, the former royal Hirschgarten was founded in 1780 for deer, which still live there.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: The city's ice hockey club is EHC Red Bull München who play in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. The team has won three DEL Championships, in 2016, 2017 and 2018.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: An important collection of Greek and Roman art is held in the Glyptothek and the Staatliche Antikensammlung (State Antiquities Collection). King Ludwig I managed to acquire such pieces as the Medusa Rondanini, the Barberini Faun and figures from the Temple of Aphaea on Aegina for the Glyptothek. Another important museum in the Kunstareal is the Egyptian Museum.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Another area for the arts next to the Kunstareal is the Lehel quarter between the old town and the river Isar: the Museum Five Continents in Maximilianstraße is the second largest collection in Germany of artefacts and objects from outside Europe, while the Bavarian National Museum and the adjoining Bavarian State Archaeological Collection in Prinzregentenstraße rank among Europe's major art and cultural history museums. The nearby Schackgalerie is an important gallery of German 19th-century paintings.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: Music is so important in the Bavarian capital that the city hall gives permissions every day to ten musicians for performing in the streets around Marienplatz. This is how performers such as Olga Kholodnaya and Alex Jacobowitz are entertaining the locals and the tourists every day.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: May, August, and October, Mariahilfplatz: Auer Dult is Europe's largest jumble sale, with fairs of its kind dating back to the 14th century. The Auer Dult is a traditional market with 300 stalls selling handmade crafts, household goods, and local foods, and offers carnival rides for children. It has taken place over nine days each, three times a year. since 1905.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: July and December, Olympia Park: For three weeks in July, and then three weeks in December, Tollwood showcases fine and performing arts with live music, circus acts, and several lanes of booths selling handmade crafts, as well as organic international cuisine. According to the festival's website, Tollwood's goal is to promote culture and the environment, with the main themes of "tolerance, internationality, and openness". To promote these ideals, 70% of all Tollwood events and attractions are free.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: The Bavaria Film Studios are located in the suburb of Grünwald. They are one of Europe's biggest film production studios.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Munich

Context: München Hauptbahnhof serves about 450,000 passengers a day, which puts it on par with other large stations in Germany, such as Hamburg Hauptbahnhof and Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof. It and München Ost are two of the 21 stations in Germany classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 1 station. The mainline station is a terminal station with 32 platforms. The subterranean S-Bahn with 2 platforms and U-Bahn stations with 6 platforms are through stations.

Question: 독일에서 가장 인구밀도가 높은 도시는 무엇인가?


Cat

Context: The cat ("Felis catus") is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is often referred to as the domestic cat to distinguish it from the wild members of the family. A cat can either be a house cat, a farm cat or a feral cat; the latter ranges freely and avoids human contact. Domestic cats are valued by humans for companionship and their ability to kill rodents. About 60 cat breeds are recognized by various cat registries.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Female domestic cats can have kittens from spring to late autumn, with litter sizes often ranging from two to five kittens. Domestic cats are bred and shown at events as registered pedigreed cats, a hobby known as cat fancy. Population control of cats may be effected by spaying and neutering, but their proliferation and the abandonment of pets has resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, contributing to the extinction of entire bird, mammal, and reptile species.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: there were an estimated 220 million owned and 480 million stray cats in the world. the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the United States, with 95.6 million cats owned and around 42 million households own at least one cat. In the United Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat with an estimated population of 10.9 million pet cats

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The origin of the English word "cat", Old English , is thought to be the Late Latin word , which was first used at the beginning of the 6th century. It was suggested that the word 'cattus' is derived from an Egyptian precursor of Coptic , "tomcat", or its feminine form suffixed with .

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The English "puss", extended as "pussy" and "pussycat", is attested from the 16th century and may have been introduced from Dutch or from Low German , related to Swedish , or Norwegian , . Similar forms exist in Lithuanian and Irish or . The etymology of this word is unknown, but it may have simply arisen from a sound used to attract a cat.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: A male cat is called a "tom" or "tomcat" (or a "gib", if neutered). An unspayed female is called a "queen", (or a "molly", if spayed), especially in a cat-breeding context. A juvenile cat is referred to as a "kitten". In Early Modern English, the word "kitten" was interchangeable with the now-obsolete word "catling". A group of cats can be referred to as a "clowder" or a "glaring".

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The scientific name "Felis catus" was proposed by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for a domestic cat. "Felis catus domesticus" was proposed by Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben in 1777. "Felis daemon" proposed by Konstantin Alekseevich Satunin in 1904 was a black cat from the Transcaucasus, later identified as a domestic cat.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: In 2003, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled that the domestic cat is a distinct species, namely "Felis catus".

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: In 2007, it was considered a subspecies, "F. silvestris catus", of the European wildcat ("F. silvestris") following results of phylogenetic research. In 2017, the IUCN Cat Classification Taskforce followed the recommendation of the ICZN in regarding the domestic cat as a distinct species, "Felis catus".

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The domestic cat is a member of the Felidae, a family that had a common ancestor about 10–15 million years ago.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Development of cat breeds started in the mid 19th century. An analysis of the domestic cat genome revealed that the ancestral wildcat genome was significantly altered in the process of domestication, as specific mutations were selected to develop cat breeds. Most breeds are founded on random-bred domestic cats. Genetic diversity of these breeds varies between regions, and is lowest in purebred populations, which show more than 20 deleterious genetic disorders.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: It averages about in head-to-body length and in height, with about long tails. Males are larger than females.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Most cats have five claws on their front paws and four on their rear paws. The dewclaw is proximal to the other claws. More proximally is a protrusion which appears to be a sixth "finger". This special feature of the front paws on the inside of the wrists has no function in normal walking but is thought to be an antiskidding device used while jumping. Some cat breeds are prone to having extra digits ("polydactyly"). Polydactylous cats occur along North America's northeast coast and in Great Britain.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Most breeds of cat are noted fond of sitting in high places, or "perching". A higher place may serve as a concealed site from which to hunt; domestic cats strike prey by pouncing from a perch such as a tree branch. Another possible explanation is that height gives the cat a better observation point, allowing it to survey its territory. A cat falling from heights of up to can right itself and land on its paws.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: During a fall from a high place, a cat reflexively twists its body and rights itself to land on its feet using its acute sense of balance and flexibility. This reflex is known as the cat righting reflex. A cat always rights itself in the same way during a fall, if it has enough time to do so, which is the case in falls of or more. How cats are able to right themselves when falling has been investigated as the "falling cat problem".

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The domestic cat's hearing is most acute in the range of 500 Hz to 32 kHz. It can detect an extremely broad range of frequencies ranging from 55 Hz to 79,000 Hz. It can hear a range of 10.5 octaves, while humans and dogs can hear ranges of about 9 octaves.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Its hearing sensitivity is enhanced by its large movable outer ears, the pinnae, which amplify sounds and help detect the location of a noise. It can detect ultrasound, which enables it to detect ultrasonic calls made by rodent prey. Recent research has shown that cats have socio-spatial cognitive abilities to create mental maps of owners' locations based on hearing owners' voices.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: To aid with navigation and sensation, cats have dozens of movable whiskers (vibrissae) over their body, especially their faces. These provide information on the width of gaps and on the location of objects in the dark, both by touching objects directly and by sensing air currents; they also trigger protective blink reflexes to protect the eyes from damage.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Cats conserve energy by sleeping more than most animals, especially as they grow older. The daily duration of sleep varies, usually between 12 and 16 hours, with 13 and 14 being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours. The term "cat nap" for a short rest refers to the cat's tendency to fall asleep (lightly) for a brief period. While asleep, cats experience short periods of rapid eye movement sleep often accompanied by muscle twitches, which suggests they are dreaming.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Redirected aggression is a common form of aggression which can occur in multiple cat households. In redirected aggression there is usually something that agitates the cat: this could be a sight, sound, or another source of stimuli which causes a heightened level of anxiety or arousal. If the cat cannot attack the stimuli, it may direct anger elsewhere by attacking or directing aggression to the nearest cat, dog, human or other being.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Domestic cats' scent rubbing behavior toward humans or other cats is thought to be a feline means for social bonding.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Purring may have developed as an evolutionary advantage as a signaling mechanism of reassurance between mother cats and nursing kittens. Post-nursing cats often purr as a sign of contentment: when being petted, becoming relaxed, or eating. The mechanism by which cats purr is elusive; the cat has no unique anatomical feature that is clearly responsible for the sound.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The shape and structure of cats' cheeks is insufficient to allow them to take in liquids using suction. Therefore, when drinking they lap with the tongue to draw liquid upward into their mouths. Lapping at a rate of four times a second, the cat touches the smooth tip of its tongue to the surface of the water, and quickly retracts it like a corkscrew, drawing water upward.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Perhaps the best-known element of cats' hunting behavior, which is commonly misunderstood and often appalls cat owners because it looks like torture, is that cats often appear to "play" with prey by releasing it after capture. This cat and mouse behavior is due to an instinctive imperative to ensure that the prey is weak enough to be killed without endangering the cat.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Domestic cats, especially young kittens, are known for their love of play. This behavior mimics hunting and is important in helping kittens learn to stalk, capture, and kill prey. Cats also engage in play fighting, with each other and with humans. This behavior may be a way for cats to practice the skills needed for real combat, and might also reduce any fear they associate with launching attacks on other animals.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Female cats, called queens, are polyestrous with several estrus cycles during a year, lasting usually 21 days. They are usually ready to mate between early February and August.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The morula forms 124 hours after conception. At 148 hours, early blastocysts form. At 10–12 days, implantation occurs. The gestation of queens lasts between 64 and 67 days, with an average of 65 days.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Data on the reproductive capacity of more than 2,300 free-ranging queens were collected during a study between May 1998 and October 2000. They had one to six kittens per litter, with an average of three kittens. They produced a mean of 1.4 litters per year, but a maximum of three litters in a year. Of 169 kittens, 127 died before they were six months old due to a trauma caused in most cases by dog attacks and road accidents.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The first litter is usually smaller than subsequent litters. Kittens are weaned between six and seven weeks of age. Queens normally reach sexual maturity at 5–10 months, and males at 5–7 months. This varies depending on breed. Kittens reach puberty at the age of 9–10 months.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The average lifespan of pet cats has risen in recent decades. In the early 1980s, it was about seven years, rising to 9.4 years in 1995 and about 15 years in 2021. Some cats have been reported as surviving into their 30s, with the oldest known cat, Creme Puff, dying at a verified age of 38.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Neutering increases life expectancy: one study found castrated male cats live twice as long as intact males, while spayed female cats live 62% longer than intact females. Having a cat neutered confers health benefits, because castrated males cannot develop testicular cancer, spayed females cannot develop uterine or ovarian cancer, and both have a reduced risk of mammary cancer.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Public attitudes toward feral cats vary widely, from seeing them as free-ranging pets to regarding them as vermin.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Some feral cats can be successfully socialized and 're-tamed' for adoption; young cats, especially kittens and cats that have had prior experience and contact with humans are the most receptive to these efforts.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: One feral cat in New Zealand killed 102 New Zealand lesser short-tailed bats in seven days. In the US, feral and free-ranging domestic cats kill an estimated 6.3 – 22.3 billion mammals annually.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: In Australia, the impact of cats on mammal populations is even greater than the impact of habitat loss. More than one million reptiles are killed by feral cats each day, representing 258 species. Cats have contributed to the extinction of the Navassa curly-tailed lizard and "Chioninia coctei."

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Cats are common pets throughout the world, and their worldwide population as of 2007 exceeded 500 million. Cats have been used for millennia to control rodents, notably around grain stores and aboard ships, and both uses extend to the present day.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: As well as being kept as pets, cats are also used in the international fur trade and leather industries for making coats, hats, blankets, and stuffed toys; and shoes, gloves, and musical instruments respectively (about 24 cats are needed to make a cat-fur coat). This use has been outlawed in the United States since 2000 and in the European Union (as well as the United Kingdom) since 2007.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: Cat pelts have been used for superstitious purposes as part of the practice of witchcraft, and are still made into blankets in Switzerland as traditional medicine thought to cure rheumatism.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: A cat show is a judged event in which the owners of cats compete to win titles in various cat-registering organizations by entering their cats to be judged after a breed standard. It is often required that a cat must be healthy and vaccinated in order to participate in a cat show. Both pedigreed and non-purebred companion ("moggy") cats are admissible, although the rules differ depending on the organization. Competing cats are compared to the applicable breed standard, and assessed for temperament.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


Cat

Context: The cat family (Felidae) can pass down many colors and patterns to their offsprings. The domestic cat genes "MC1R" and "ASIP" allow for the variety of color in coats. The feline ASIP gene consists of three coding exons. Three novel microsatellite markers linked to ASIP were isolated from a domestic cat BAC clone containing this gene and were used to perform linkage analysis in a pedigree of 89 domestic cats that segregated for melanism.

Question: 고양이를 애완으로 기르기 시작한 때는 언제인가?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: The United Nations Peacekeeping efforts began in 1948. Its first activity was in the Middle East to observe and maintain the ceasefire during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Since then, United Nations peacekeepers have taken part in a total of 72 missions around the globe, 14 of which continue today. The peacekeeping force as a whole received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: The League of Nations-controlled International Force in the Saar (1934–35) may be "the first true example of an international peace observation force".

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: Throughout the Cold War, the tensions on the UN Security Council made it difficult to implement peacekeeping measures in countries and regions seen to relate to the spread or containment of leftist and revolutionary movements. While some conflicts were separate enough from the Cold War to achieve consensus support for peacekeeping missions, most were too deeply enmeshed in the global struggle.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: The UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus , begun in 1964, attempted to end the conflict between the ethnic Greeks and Turks on the island and prevent wider conflict between NATO members Turkey and Greece. A second observer force, UNIPOM, was also dispatched, in 1965 to the areas of the India-Pakistan border that were not being monitored by the earlier mission, UNMOGIP, after a ceasefire in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Neither of these disputes were seen to have Cold War or ideological implications.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: The UN also assisted with two decolonization programs during the Cold War. In 1960, the UN sent ONUC to help facilitate the decolonization of the Congo from Belgian control. It stayed on until 1964 to help maintain stability and prevent the breakup of the country during the Congo Crisis. In West New Guinea from 1962 to 1963, UNSF maintained law and order while the territory was transferred from Dutch colonial control to Indonesia.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: The 1990s also saw the UN refocus its attention on genocide and ethnic cleansing. The Civil War in Rwanda and the breakup of Yugoslavia both were occasions of widespread atrocities and ethnic violence. Eight UN peacekeeping missions have been sent to the former Yugoslavia, UNPROFOR, UNCRO, UNPREDEP, UNMIBH, UNTAES, UNMOP, UNPSG, and UNMIK as well as two to Rwanda, UNAMIR and UNOMUR.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: Despite the cessation of international, Cold-War inspired aid, civil wars continued in many regions and the UN attempted to bring peace. Several conflicts were the cause of multiple peace-keeping missions.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: The collapse of Somalia into the Somali Civil War in 1991 saw UNOSOM I, UNITAF, and UNOSOM II fail to bring peace and stability, though they did mitigate the effects of the famine.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: A coup in Haiti in 1991, followed by internal violence, was the impetus for the UN Mission in Haiti (UNMIH). In 1996 and 1997 three missions, UNSMIH, UNTMIH, and MIPONUH, were organized with the goal of reforming, training, and assisting the police through a period of political turmoil. A coup d'état in 2004 saw the ouster of the president and the UN authorized MINUSTAH to stabilize the country.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: One suggestion to address the problem of delays such as the one in Rwanda, is a rapid reaction force: a standing group, administered by the UN and deployed by the Security Council that receives its troops and support from current Security Council members and is ready for quick deployment in the event of future genocides.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: UN peacekeepers have also been accused of sexual abuse including child rape, gang rape, and soliciting prostitutes during peacekeeping missions in the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan, Burundi, and Côte d'Ivoire.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


History of United Nations peacekeeping

Context: In 2013, the NGO Transparency International released a report critical of UN Peacekeeping anti-corruption guidance and oversight.

Question: 유엔 평화유지군 창립일은 언젠가요?


Military history of France

Context: The military history of France encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas including modern France, Europe, and a variety of regions throughout the world.

Question: 세상에서 가장 많은 전쟁에 출전한 사람은 누구인가?


Military history of France

Context: Historian Niall Ferguson argues that France is the most belligerent military power in history. It participated in 50 of the 125 major European wars fought since 1495; more than any other European state. It is followed by Austria which fought in 47 of them; Spain in 44; and England in 43. Out of the 169 most important world battles fought since 387BC, France has won 109, lost 49 and drawn 10.

Question: 세상에서 가장 많은 전쟁에 출전한 사람은 누구인가?


Military history of France

Context: France intervened in various post-colonial conflicts, supporting former colonies (Western Sahara War, Shaba II, Chadian–Libyan conflict, Djiboutian Civil War), NATO peacekeeping missions in war-torn countries (UNPROFOR, KFOR, UNAMIR) and many humanitarian missions.

Question: 세상에서 가장 많은 전쟁에 출전한 사람은 누구인가?


Culture of Dorset

Context: The Yetties were a folk music group who took their name from the Dorset village of Yetminster which was their childhood home. They drew on their personal experiences of country life for much of their material. Some of the songs they sang recalled what life was like when they were children helping the farmers at harvest time, scrumping when the farmers weren't looking, raiding the countryside for food and eating rabbit for practically every meal.

Question: 도싯 주의 표어는 무엇인가요?


Culture of Dorset

Context: The Dorset dialect stems from the ancient Norse and Saxon languages and was preserved in the isolated Blackmore Vale until the arrival of the railways when the customs and language of London arrived. The rural dialect is still spoken in some villages and is kept alive in the poems of William Barnes and Robert Young.

Question: 도싯 주의 표어는 무엇인가요?


Culture of Dorset

Context: St Wite, one legend says, was a Breton princess murdered by Vikings in the 5th century. It is claimed she had the power to heal the sick and her shrine at Whitchurch Canonicorum has three large holes to enable those with ailments to get closer to her bones.

Question: 도싯 주의 표어는 무엇인가요?


Culture of Dorset

Context: Dorset is famed in English literature for being the native county of novelist and poet Thomas Hardy (1840–1928), and many of the places he describes in his novels in the fictional Wessex are in Dorset, which he renamed "South Wessex". The National Trust owns Thomas Hardy's Cottage, in woodland east of Dorchester, and Max Gate, his former house in Dorchester, Dorset.

Question: 도싯 주의 표어는 무엇인가요?


Culture of Dorset

Context: Another poet who wrote in the local dialect was Robert Young whose work includes, "Rabin Hill's Visit to the Railway: What he Zeed and Done, and What he Zed About It".

Question: 도싯 주의 표어는 무엇인가요?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: While president Abraham Lincoln had lived to see the effective end of the war, he did not live to see it through to its conclusion. Assassin John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln on April 14, 1865, and he died the next morning. The death of Lincoln was a shock to both North and South.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: With no formal surrender, however, Union Major General Winfield S. Hancock offered a reward of $2,000 for Mosby's capture, later raised to $5,000. On June 17, Mosby surrendered to Major General John Gregg in Lynchburg, Virginia.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: The documentation of the surrender of Lieutenant General Richard Taylor's small force in Alabama was another stage in the process of concluding the American Civil War. The son of former U.S. President Zachary Taylor, Richard Taylor commanded the Confederate troops in the Department of Alabama, Mississippi and East Louisiana of about ten thousand troops. On May 4 Taylor's subordinate Col. J.Q. Chenowith surrendered the Department to Union officer Col. John A. Hottenstein.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: Mobile, Alabama, had fallen to Union control on April 12, 1865. Reports reached Taylor of the meeting between Johnston and Sherman about the terms of Johnston's surrender of his armies. Taylor agreed to meet with Major General Edward R. S. Canby for a conference north of Mobile; they settled on a 48-hour truce on April 30. Taylor agreed to a surrender after this time elapsed, which he did on May 4 at Citronelle, Alabama.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest surrendered on May 9 at Gainesville, Alabama. His troops were included with Taylor's. The terms stated that Taylor could retain control of the railway and river steamers to be able to get his men as near as possible to their homes. Taylor stayed in Meridian, Mississippi, until the last man was sent on his way. He was paroled May 13 and then went to Mobile to join Canby. Canby took him to his home in New Orleans by boat.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: Confederate President Jefferson Davis fled Richmond, Virginia, following its evacuation in the early part of April 1865. On May 5, 1865, in Washington, Georgia, Davis had held the last meeting of his Cabinet. At that time, the Confederate government was declared dissolved. The meeting took place at the Heard house, the Georgia Branch Bank Building, with 14 officials present.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: The Confederate District of the Gulf was commanded by Major General Dabney H. Maury. On April 12, he retreated with his troops after the two major Confederate forts of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely were lost to the Union forces. He declared Mobile, Alabama, an open city after these battles. Maury went to Meridian, Mississippi, with his remaining men.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: Maury wanted to join the remains of the Army of Tennessee in North Carolina. However, hearing of Johnston's surrender to Sherman on April 26 he soon ran out of options. Ultimately Maury surrendered Mobile's about four thousand men to the Union army on May 5 at Citronelle, Alabama.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: Despite the fact that there were still small pockets of resistance in the South, the president declared that the armed resistance was "virtually" ended and that nations or ships still harboring fugitives would be denied entry into U.S. ports. Persons found aboard such vessels would no longer be given immunity from prosecution of their crimes.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: Pritchard learned from local residents that about a mile and a half to the north there was a military camp. Not knowing whether this was Davis and his group or the 1st Wisconsin Cavalry, he approached cautiously. He soon identified the camp as Davis's. At first dawn, Pritchard charged the camp, which was so surprised and overwhelmed that it offered no resistance and yielded immediately.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: In 1864, Major General [[Sam Jones (Confederate Army officer)|Samuel Jones]] commanded the Departments of Florida, South Carolina, and South Georgia, with his headquarters in Pensacola, Florida. His primary orders were to guard the coastal areas of these states and to destroy Union gunboats. He also destroyed all the machinery and sawmills that would be beneficial to the Union armies.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: In the early part of 1865, Jones was transferred to [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]], soon after [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]] had fallen to Sherman and the Union forces in December 1864. There, Jones headquartered the District of Florida. On May 10, at Tallahassee, he surrendered about eight thousand troops to Brigadier General [[Edward M. McCook]]. In military action east of the Mississippi River, the city of Tallahassee was the only Confederate state capital not captured during the Civil War.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: [[File:General M Jeff Thompson at Fort Del during Civil War.jpg|thumb|upright|[[M. Jeff Thompson|Jeff Thompson]]]]

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: [[File:Surrender Confederate forces North Georgia plaque.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Wofford-Judah marker]]

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: The surrender of between 3000 and 4000 soldiers under Brigadier General [[William T. Wofford]]'s command took place at [[Kingston, Georgia]], and was received by Brig. Gen. [[Henry M. Judah]] on May 12, 1865. There were several letters between the various generals involved in the negotiation of this surrender, including Wofford, Judah, William D. Whipple and [[Robert S. Granger]].

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: There is a [[Georgia Historical Society#Georgia Historical Marker program|Georgia historical marker]] in [[Kingston, Georgia]], in [[Bartow County, Georgia|Bartow County]] at the intersection of West Main Street and Church Street to denote where this surrender took place. It further explains that the Confederate soldiers were given rations after their release.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: A ferocious battle erupted at [[Battle of Palmito Ranch|Palmito Ranch]], about 12 miles outside Brownsville. The battle was lost by Barrett's Union regiments mainly because they were outmaneuvered and overrun. Of the original 300 Union troops that fought at Palmito Ranch, they lost over one third, mostly to capture with a few killed or seriously injured.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: The Native American tribes of the Indian Territory realized that the Confederacy could no longer fulfill its commitments to them. Therefore, the Camp Napoleon Council was called to draft an agreement to present a united front as they negotiated a return of their loyalty to the United States. Native American tribes further west, many of them also at war with the United States troops, were also invited to take part, and several of them did.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: Cherokee Brigadier General [[Stand Watie]] commanded the Confederate Indians when he surrendered on June 23. This was the last significant Confederate active force.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: [[File:Rip Van Waddell.jpg|thumb|right|Editorial cartoon satirizing James Waddell still engaging in combat after the Civil War was regarded over.]]

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: [[President of the United States|President]] [[Andrew Johnson]] issued three proclamations in 1865 and 1866 that formally declared the end of the rebellion in different parts of the former Confederacy. The first, issued on June 23, 1865, declared the rebellion fully suppressed only within the state of [[Tennessee]], Johnson's home state where he had been military governor.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: On April 6, 1866, Johnson issued a second proclamation that formally ended the rebellion in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia (as well as proclaiming it ended, rather than merely "suppressed," in Tennessee). Only in Texas, where pockets of resistance remained, was excluded.

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Conclusion of the American Civil War

Context: The formal end of the war came on August 20, 1866, when Johnson signed a "Proclamation—Declaring that Peace, Order, Tranquillity, and Civil Authority Now Exists in and Throughout the Whole of the United States of America". It noted that his April proclamation had declared "that there no longer existed any armed resistance of misguided citizens or others to the authority of the United States in any or in all the States before mentioned, excepting only the State of Texas."

Question: 남북전쟁은 언제 끝났는가?


Comic book

Context: Frank Stack's "The Adventures of Jesus", published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comic; while R. Crumb and the crew of cartoonists who worked on "Zap Comix" popularized the form.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: During the 1970s the "small press" culture grew and diversified. By the 1980s, several independent publishers – such as Pacific, Eclipse, First, , and Fantagraphics – had started releasing a wide range of styles and formats—from color-superhero, detective, and science-fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of Latin American magical realism.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: A number of small publishers in the 1990s changed the format and distribution of their comics to more closely resemble non-comics publishing. The "minicomics" form, an extremely informal version of self-publishing, arose in the 1980s and became increasingly popular among artists in the 1990s, despite reaching an even more limited audience than the small press.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: Small publishers regularly releasing titles include Avatar Press, Hyperwerks, Raytoons, and Terminal Press, buoyed by such advances in printing technology as digital print-on-demand.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: In 1964, Richard Kyle coined the term "graphic novel". Precursors of the form existed by the 1920s, which saw a revival of the medieval woodcut tradition by Belgian Frans Masereel, American Lynd Ward and others, including Stan Lee.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: The 1970s saw the advent of specialty comic book stores. Initially, comic books were marketed by publishers to children because comic books were perceived as children's entertainment. However, with increasing recognition of comics as an art form and the growing pop culture presence of comic book conventions, they are now embraced by many adults.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: Some rare comic books include copies of the unreleased "Motion Picture Funnies Weekly" #1 from 1939. Eight copies, plus one without a cover, emerged in the estate of the deceased publisher in 1974. The "Pay Copy" of this book sold for $43,125 in a 2005 Heritage auction.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: The most valuable American comics have combined rarity and quality with the first appearances of popular and enduring characters. Four comic books have sold for over US$1 million , including two examples of "Action Comics" #1, the first appearance of Superman, both sold privately through online dealer ComicConnect.com in 2010, and "Detective Comics" #27, the first appearance of Batman, via public auction.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: Updating the above price obtained for "Action Comics" #1, the first appearance of Superman, the highest sale on record for this book is $3.2 million, for a 9.0 copy.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: When the original pages of artwork are returned by the printer, they are typically given back to the artists, who sometimes sell them at comic book conventions, or in galleries and art shows related to comic book art. The original pages of the first appearances of such legendary characters as Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman and Spider-Man are considered priceless.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: "The only specific depiction of a Hispanic superhero did not end well. In 1975 Marvel gave us Hector Ayala (a.k.a The White Tiger)." "Although he fought for several years alongside the likes of much more popular heroes such as Spider-Man and Daredevil, he only lasted six years before sales of comics featuring him got so bad that Marvel had him retire. The most famous Hispanic character is Bane, a villain from Batman."

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: The Native American representation in comic books "can be summed up in the noble savage stereotype" " a recurring theme...urged American indians to abandon their traditional hostility towards the United States. They were the ones painted as intolerant and disrespectful of the dominant concerns of white America".

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: Manga (漫画) are comic books or graphic novels originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, though the art form has a long prehistory in earlier Japanese art. The term "manga" is used in Japan to refer to both comics and cartooning. Outside Japan, the word is typically used to refer to comics originally published in the country.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: , fan-made Japanese comics, operate in a far larger market in Japan than the American "underground comics" market; the largest dōjinshi fair, Comiket, attracts 500,000 visitors twice a year.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: France and Belgium have a long tradition in comics and comic books, often called "BDs" (an abbreviation of "bande dessinées", meaning literally "drawn strips") in French, and "strips" in Dutch or Flemish. Belgian comic books originally written in Dutch show the influence of the Francophone "Franco-Belgian" comics but have their own distinct style.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: At Christmas, publishers repackage and commission material for comic annuals, printed and bound as hardcover A4-size books; "Rupert" supplies a famous example of the British comic annual. DC Thomson also repackages "The Broons" and "Oor Wullie" strips in softcover A4-size books for the holiday season.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: On 19 March 2012, the British postal service, the Royal Mail, released a set of stamps depicting British comic book characters and series. The collection featured "The Beano", "The Dandy", "Eagle", "The Topper", "Roy of the Rovers", "Bunty", "Buster", "Valiant", "Twinkle" and "2000 AD".

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: Spanish artists have traditionally worked in other markets finding great success, either in the American (e.g., Eisner Award winners Sergio Aragonés, Salvador Larroca, Gabriel Hernández Walta, Marcos Martín or David Aja), the British (e.g., Carlos Ezquerra, co-creator of "Judge Dredd") or the Franco-Belgian one (e.g., Fauve d'Or winner or "Blacksad" authors Juan Díaz Canales and Juanjo Guarnido).

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: In Italy, comics (known in Italian as "fumetti") made their debut as humor strips at the end of the 19th century, and later evolved into adventure stories. After World War II, however, artists like Hugo Pratt and Guido Crepax exposed Italian comics to an international audience. Popular comic books such as "Diabolik" or the "Bonelli" line—namely "Tex Willer" or "Dylan Dog"—remain best-sellers.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: Mainstream comics are usually published on a monthly basis, in a black-and-white digest size format, with approximately 100 to 132 pages. Collections of classic material for the most famous characters, usually with more than 200 pages, are also common. Author comics are published in the French BD format, with an example being Pratt's "Corto Maltese".

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: Italian cartoonists show the influence of comics from other countries, including France, Belgium, Spain, and Argentina. Italy is also famous for being one of the foremost producers of Walt Disney comic stories outside the US; Donald Duck's superhero alter ego, Paperinik, known in English as Superduck, was created in Italy.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: Distribution has historically been a problem for the comic book industry with many mainstream retailers declining to carry extensive stocks of the most interesting and popular comics. The smartphone and the tablet have turned out to be an ideal medium for online distribution.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: On 13 November 2007, Marvel Comics launched Marvel Digital Comics Unlimited, a subscription service allowing readers to read many comics from Marvel's history online. The service also includes periodic release new comics not available elsewhere. With the release of "Avenging Spider-Man" #1, Marvel also became the first publisher to provide free digital copies as part of the print copy of the comic book.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: With the growing popularity of smartphones and tablets, many major publishers have begun releasing titles in digital form. The most popular platform is comiXology. Some platforms, such as Graphicly, have shut down.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: Many libraries have extensive collections of comics in the form of graphic novels. This is a convenient way for many in the public to become familiar with the medium.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: On 5 August 2018, the "Guinness World Records" title for the "Largest comic book ever published" was awarded to the Brazilian comic book "Turma da Mônica — O Maior Gibi do Mundo!", published by Panini Comics Brasil and Mauricio de Sousa Produções. The comic book measures 69.9 cm by 99.8 cm (2 ft 3.51 in by 3 ft 3.29 in). The 18-page comic book had a print run of 120 copies.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Comic book

Context: With the July 2021 publication of the 201st collected volume of his manga series "Golgo 13", Japanese manga artist Takao Saito was awarded the "Guinness World Records" title for "Most volumes published for a single manga series." "Golgo 13" has been continuously serialized in the Japanese magazine "Big Comic" since October 1968, which also makes it the oldest manga still in publication.

Question: 일본에서 가장 많이 판매된 만화책은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. A mountain differs from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is larger than a hill, typically rising at least 300 metres (1000 feet) above the surrounding land. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in mountain ranges.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Mountains are formed through tectonic forces, erosion, or volcanism, which act on time scales of up to tens of millions of years. Once mountain building ceases, mountains are slowly leveled through the action of weathering, through slumping and other forms of mass wasting, as well as through erosion by rivers and glaciers.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: High elevations on mountains produce colder climates than at sea level at similar latitude. These colder climates strongly affect the ecosystems of mountains: different elevations have different plants and animals. Because of the less hospitable terrain and climate, mountains tend to be used less for agriculture and more for resource extraction, such as mining and logging, along with recreation, such as mountain climbing and skiing.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: There is no universally accepted definition of a mountain. Elevation, volume, relief, steepness, spacing and continuity have been used as criteria for defining a mountain. In the "Oxford English Dictionary" a mountain is defined as "a natural elevation of the earth surface rising more or less abruptly from the surrounding level and attaining an altitude which, relatively to the adjacent elevation, is impressive or notable."

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Whether a landform is called a mountain may depend on local usage. Mount Scott outside Lawton, Oklahoma, USA, is only from its base to its highest point. Whittow's "Dictionary of Physical Geography" states "Some authorities regard eminences above as mountains, those below being referred to as hills."

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: The UN Environmental Programme's definition of "mountainous environment" includes any of the following:

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Using these definitions, mountains cover 33% of Eurasia, 19% of South America, 24% of North America, and 14% of Africa. As a whole, 24% of the Earth's land mass is mountainous.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: During and following uplift, mountains are subjected to the agents of erosion (water, wind, ice, and gravity) which gradually wear the uplifted area down. Erosion causes the surface of mountains to be younger than the rocks that form the mountains themselves. Glacial processes produce characteristic landforms, such as pyramidal peaks, knife-edge arêtes, and bowl-shaped cirques that can contain lakes. Plateau mountains, such as the Catskills, are formed from the erosion of an uplifted plateau.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Climate in the mountains becomes colder at high elevations, due to an interaction between radiation and convection. Sunlight in the visible spectrum hits the ground and heats it. The ground then heats the air at the surface. If radiation were the only way to transfer heat from the ground to space, the greenhouse effect of gases in the atmosphere would keep the ground at roughly , and the temperature would decay exponentially with height.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: The presence of water in the atmosphere complicates the process of convection. Water vapor contains latent heat of vaporization. As air rises and cools, it eventually becomes saturated and cannot hold its quantity of water vapor. The water vapor condenses (forming clouds), and releases heat, which changes the lapse rate from the dry adiabatic lapse rate to the moist adiabatic lapse rate (5.5 °C per kilometre or per 1000 feet)

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Therefore, moving up 100 metres on a mountain is roughly equivalent to moving 80 kilometres (45 miles or 0.75° of latitude) towards the nearest pole. This relationship is only approximate, however, since local factors such as proximity to oceans (such as the Arctic Ocean) can drastically modify the climate. As the altitude increases, the main form of precipitation becomes snow and the winds increase.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: The effect of the climate on the ecology at an elevation can be largely captured through a combination of amount of precipitation, and the biotemperature, as described by Leslie Holdridge in 1947. Biotemperature is the mean temperature; all temperatures below are considered to be 0 °C. When the temperature is below 0 °C, plants are dormant, so the exact temperature is unimportant. The peaks of mountains with permanent snow can have a biotemperature below .

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: The colder climate on mountains affects the plants and animals residing on mountains. A particular set of plants and animals tend to be adapted to a relatively narrow range of climate. Thus, ecosystems tend to lie along elevation bands of roughly constant climate. This is called altitudinal zonation.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: In regions with dry climates, the tendency of mountains to have higher precipitation as well as lower temperatures also provides for varying conditions, which enhances zonation.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Some plants and animals found in altitudinal zones tend to become isolated since the conditions above and below a particular zone will be inhospitable and thus constrain their movements or dispersal. These isolated ecological systems are known as sky islands.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Altitudinal zones tend to follow a typical pattern. At the highest elevations, trees cannot grow, and whatever life may be present will be of the alpine type, resembling tundra. Just below the tree line, one may find subalpine forests of needleleaf trees, which can withstand cold, dry conditions. Below that, montane forests grow. In the temperate portions of the earth, those forests tend to be needleleaf trees, while in the tropics, they can be broadleaf trees growing in a rain forest.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Mountains are generally less preferable for human habitation than lowlands, because of harsh weather and little level ground suitable for agriculture. While 7% of the land area of Earth is above , only 140 million people live above that altitude and only 20-30 million people above elevation. About half of mountain dwellers live in the Andes, Central Asia, and Africa.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: With limited access to infrastructure, only a handful of human communities exist above of elevation. Many are small and have heavily specialized economies, often relying on industries such as agriculture, mining, and tourism. An example of such a specialized town is La Rinconada, Peru, a gold-mining town and the highest elevation human habitation at . A counterexample is El Alto, Bolivia, at , which has a highly diverse service and manufacturing economy and a population of nearly 1 million.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Traditional mountain societies rely on agriculture, with higher risk of crop failure than at lower elevations. Minerals often occur in mountains, with mining being an important component of the economics of some montane societies. More recently, tourism supports mountain communities, with some intensive development around attractions such as national parks or ski resorts. About 80% of mountain people live below the poverty line.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: Most of the world's rivers are fed from mountain sources, with snow acting as a storage mechanism for downstream users. More than half of humanity depends on mountains for water.

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Mountain

Context: The highest mountains are not generally the most voluminous. Mauna Loa () is the largest mountain on Earth in terms of base area (about ) and volume (about ). Mount Kilimanjaro is the largest non-shield volcano in terms of both base area () and volume (). Mount Logan is the largest non-volcanic mountain in base area ().

Question: 세상에서 가장 넓은 산은 무엇인가?


Drawing

Context: In addition to its more artistic forms, drawing is frequently used in commercial illustration, animation, architecture, engineering, and technical drawing. A quick, freehand drawing, usually not intended as a finished work, is sometimes called a sketch. An artist who practices or works in technical drawing may be called a drafter, draftsman, or draughtsman.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: In fields outside art, technical drawings or plans of buildings, machinery, circuitry and other things are often called "drawings" even when they have been transferred to another medium by printing.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: These drawings, known as pictograms, depicted objects and abstract concepts. The sketches and paintings produced by Neolithic times were eventually stylised and simplified in to symbol systems (proto-writing) and eventually into early writing systems.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Before the widespread availability of paper, 12th-century monks in European monasteries used intricate drawings to prepare illustrated, illuminated manuscripts on vellum and parchment. Drawing has also been used extensively in the field of science, as a method of discovery, understanding and explanation.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: In 1609, astronomer Galileo Galilei explained the changing phases of Venus and also the sunspots through his observational telescopic drawings. In 1924, geophysicist Alfred Wegener used illustrations to visually demonstrate the origin of the continents.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: The invention of the first widely available form of photography led to a shift in the hierarchy of the arts. Photography offered an alternative to drawing as a method for accurately representing visual phenomena, and traditional drawing practice was given less emphasis as an essential skill for artists, particularly so in Western society.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Drawing became significant as an art form around the late 15th century, with artists and master engravers such as Albrecht Dürer and Martin Schongauer (c. 1448-1491), the first Northern engraver known by name. Schongauer came from Alsace, and was born into a family of goldsmiths. Albrecht Dürer, a master of the next generation, was also the son of a goldsmith.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: In the 20th century Modernism encouraged "imaginative originality" and some artists' approach to drawing became less literal, more abstract. World-renowned artists such as Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat helped challenge the status quo, with drawing being very much at the centre of their practice, and often re-interpreting traditional technique.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Basquiat's drawings were produced in many different mediums, most commonly ink, pencil, felt-tip or marker, and oil-stick, and he drew on any surface that came to hand, such as doors, clothing, refrigerators, walls and baseball helmets.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: The centuries have produced a canon of notable artists and draftsmen, each with their own distinct language of drawing, including:

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Paper comes in a variety of different sizes and qualities, ranging from newspaper grade up to high quality and relatively expensive paper sold as individual sheets. Papers vary in texture, hue, acidity, and strength when wet. Smooth paper is good for rendering fine detail, but a more "toothy" paper holds the drawing material better. Thus a coarser material is useful for producing deeper contrast.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Acid-free, archival quality paper keeps its color and texture far longer than wood pulp based paper such as newsprint, which turns yellow and becomes brittle much sooner.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Almost all draftsmen use their hands and fingers to apply the media, with the exception of some handicapped individuals who draw with their mouth or feet.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Prior to working on an image, the artist typically explores how various media work. They may try different drawing implements on practice sheets to determine value and texture, and how to apply the implement to produce various effects.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Sometimes the artist leaves a section of the image untouched while filling in the remainder. The shape of the area to preserve can be painted with masking fluid or cut out of a frisket and applied to the drawing surface, protecting the surface from stray marks until the mask is removed.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Another method to preserve a section of the image is to apply a spray-on "fixative" to the surface. This holds loose material more firmly to the sheet and prevents it from smearing. However the fixative spray typically uses chemicals that can harm the respiratory system, so it should be employed in a well-ventilated area such as outdoors.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Another technique is subtractive drawing in which the drawing surface is covered with graphite or charcoal and then erased to make the image.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Shading is the technique of varying the tonal values on the paper to represent the shade of the material as well as the placement of the shadows. Careful attention to reflected light, shadows and highlights can result in a very realistic rendition of the image.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: When both the fronts and sides of a building are drawn, then the parallel lines forming a side converge at a second point along the horizon (which may be off the drawing paper.) This is a two-point perspective. Converging the vertical lines to a third point above or below the horizon then produces a three-point perspective.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: The composition of the image is an important element in producing an interesting work of artistic merit. The artist plans element placement in the art to communicate ideas and feelings with the viewer. The composition can determine the focus of the art, and result in a harmonious whole that is aesthetically appealing and stimulating.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: When drawing an object or figure, the skilled artist pays attention to both the area within the silhouette and what lies outside. The exterior is termed the negative space, and can be as important in the representation as the figure. Objects placed in the background of the figure should appear properly placed wherever they can be viewed.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: A study is a draft drawing that is made in preparation for a planned final image. Studies can be used to determine the appearances of specific parts of the completed image, or for experimenting with the best approach for accomplishing the end goal. However a well-crafted study can be a piece of art in its own right, and many hours of careful work can go into completing a study.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Individuals display differences in their ability to produce visually accurate drawings. A visually accurate drawing is described as being "recognized as a particular object at a particular time and in a particular space, rendered with little addition of visual detail that can not be seen in the object represented or with little deletion of visual detail”.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Investigative studies have aimed to explain the reasons why some individuals draw better than others.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: One study posited four key abilities in the drawing process: motor skills required for mark-making, the drawer's own perception of their drawing, perception of objects being drawn, and the ability to make good representational decisions. Following this hypothesis, several studies have sought to conclude which of these processes are most significant in affecting the accuracy of drawings.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Motor control is an important physical component in the 'Production Phase' of the drawing process. It has been suggested that motor control plays a role in drawing ability, though its effects are not significant.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: It has been suggested that an individual's ability to perceive an object they are drawing is the most important stage in the drawing process. This suggestion is supported by the discovery of a robust relationship between perception and drawing ability.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: This evidence acted as the basis of Betty Edwards' how-to-draw book, "Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain". Edwards aimed to teach her readers how to draw, based on the development of the reader's perceptual abilities.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Furthermore, the influential artist and art critic John Ruskin emphasised the importance of perception in the drawing process in his book "The Elements of Drawing". He stated that "For I am nearly convinced, that once we see keenly enough, there is very little difficult in drawing what we see".

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Short-term memory plays an important part in drawing as one's gaze shifts between the object they are drawing and the drawing itself.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Drawing

Context: Some studies comparing artists to non-artists have found that artists spend more time thinking strategically while drawing. In particular, artists spend more time on 'metacognitive' activities such as considering different hypothetical plans for how they might progress with a drawing.

Question: 소묘 기법은 언제 처음 사용되었는가?


Terra Formars

Context: In an attempt to colonize Mars, 21st century scientists are tasked with terraforming the planet. Their goal is to seed the planet with a modified algae to absorb sunlight and purify the atmosphere, and cockroaches, whose corpses spread the algae across the planet as they feed.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: The manga, written by Yū Sasuga and illustrated by Kenichi Tachibana, was first serialized in Shueisha's "Miracle Jump" magazine from January 13 to December 13, 2011. It later moved to "Weekly Young Jump" starting on April 26, 2012, for the Annex I arc after the Bugs 2 arc concluded.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: An anime adaptation produced by Liden Films began airing on September 26, 2014, and finished airing on December 19, 2014 with a total of 13 episodes. The anime is licensed in the United Kingdom by Kazé UK and in North America by Viz Media. Madman Entertainment acquired the series for release in Australia and New Zealand.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: A sequel to the anime titled "Terra Formars: Revenge" was announced in November 2015, with changes to the series' main staff and the main cast returning to reprise their roles. Liden Films and TYO Animations produced the sequel. The anime premiered on April 2, 2016.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: An OVA adaptation of the manga's Earth Arc was planned for a May 2017 release, but was delayed to an August 2018 release instead.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: A live-action film based on Terra Formars was developed with Takashi Miike directing. It was released on April 29, 2016.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: A light novel series based on Terra Formars was released on January 7, 2016, titled "Terra Formars Lost Mission I" by Akira Higashiyama. Another novel titled "Terra Formars Lost Mission II" by Yumeaki Hirayama, begun on January 19, 2016, in "Miracle Jump".

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: "Terra Formars The Outer Mission I" was published on November 21, 2014 and written by Kenichi Fujiwara. A follow up novels titled "Terra Formars The Outer Mission II" and "Terra Formars The Outer Mission III" were later also released. The novels followed Tohei Tachibana and Elizabeth Rooney.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: A Nintendo 3DS game titled "Terra Formars: Akari Hoshi no Gekitou" was released on April 2, 2015, developed by FuRyu. A pachislot/pachinko game machine was developed by KYORAKU and released in 2016 in Japan.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: The 6th volume reached the number one place on the Oricon weekly manga chart in the week of August 19–25, 2013, with 317,248 copies. As of February 2015, the 11 first volumes of "Terra Formars" had over 10 million copies in circulation. As of August 2015, the series had sold 13 million copies. As of April 2018, the manga had over 16 million copies in print. As of November 2018, the manga had over 21 million copies in print.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Terra Formars

Context: "Terra Formars" was number one on the 2013 "Kono Manga ga Sugoi!" Top 20 Manga for Male Readers survey. It was placed second in "Zenkoku Shotenin ga Eranda Osusume Comic 2013", a 2013 ranking of the top 15 manga recommended by Japanese bookstores. It was also nominated for the 6th Manga Taishō in the same year.

Question: 테라포마스가 연재 시작한 년도는 언제인가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Designer steroids are AAS that have not been approved and marketed for medical use but have been distributed through the black market. Examples of notable designer steroids include 1-testosterone (dihydroboldenone), methasterone, trenbolone enanthate, desoxymethyltestosterone, tetrahydrogestrinone, and methylstenbolone.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: The traditional routes of administration do not have differential effects on the efficacy of the drug. Studies indicate that the anabolic properties of AAS are relatively similar despite the differences in pharmacokinetic principles such as first-pass metabolism. However, the orally available forms of AAS may cause liver damage in high doses.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Depending on the length of drug use, there is a chance that the immune system can be damaged. Most of these side-effects are dose-dependent, the most common being elevated blood pressure, especially in those with pre-existing hypertension. In addition to morphological changes of the heart which may have a permanent adverse effect on cardiovascular efficiency.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: AAS have been shown to alter fasting blood sugar and glucose tolerance tests. AAS such as testosterone also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease or coronary artery disease. Acne is fairly common among AAS users, mostly due to stimulation of the sebaceous glands by increased testosterone levels. Conversion of testosterone to DHT can accelerate the rate of premature baldness for males genetically predisposed, but testosterone itself can produce baldness in females.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: A number of severe side effects can occur if adolescents use AAS. For example, AAS may prematurely stop the lengthening of bones (premature epiphyseal fusion through increased levels of estrogen metabolites), resulting in stunted growth. Other effects include, but are not limited to, accelerated bone maturation, increased frequency and duration of erections, and premature sexual development. AAS use in adolescence is also correlated with poorer attitudes related to health.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: WHO organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) list AAS under Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: AAS use can cause harmful changes in cholesterol levels: Some steroids cause an increase in LDL "bad" cholesterol and a decrease in HDL "good" cholesterol.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: AAS use in adolescents quickens bone maturation and may reduce adult height in high doses. Low doses of AAS such as oxandrolone are used in the treatment of idiopathic short stature, but this may only quicken maturation rather than increasing adult height.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Female-specific side effects include increases in body hair, permanent deepening of the voice, enlarged clitoris, and temporary decreases in menstrual cycles. Alteration of fertility and ovarian cysts can also occur in females. When taken during pregnancy, AAS can affect fetal development by causing the development of male features in the female fetus and female features in the male fetus.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Kidney tests revealed that nine of the ten steroid users developed a condition called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a type of scarring within the kidneys. The kidney damage in the bodybuilders has similarities to that seen in morbidly obese patients, but appears to be even more severe.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: High doses of oral AAS compounds can cause liver damage. Peliosis hepatis has been increasingly recognised with the use of AAS.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: DSM-IV lists General diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder guideline that "The pattern must not be better accounted for as a manifestation of another mental disorder, or to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g. drug or medication) or a general medical condition (e.g. head trauma).". As a result, AAS users may get misdiagnosed by a psychiatrist not told about their habit.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Affective disorders have long been recognised as a complication of AAS use. Case reports describe both hypomania and mania, along with irritability, elation, recklessness, racing thoughts and feelings of power and invincibility that did not meet the criteria for mania/hypomania. Of 53 bodybuilders who used AAS, 27 (51%) reported unspecified mood disturbance.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: A 2006 study of two pairs of identical twins, in which one twin used AAS and the other did not, found that in both cases the steroid-using twin exhibited high levels of aggressiveness, hostility, anxiety, and paranoid ideation not found in the "control" twin. A small-scale study of 10 AAS users found that cluster B personality disorders were confounding factors for aggression.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Androgens such as testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone are required for the development of organs in the male reproductive system, including the seminal vesicles, epididymis, vas deferens, penis and prostate. AAS are testosterone derivatives designed to maximize the anabolic effects of testosterone. AAS are consumed by elite athletes competing in sports like weightlifting, bodybuilding, and track and field. Male recreational athletes take AAS to achieve an "enhanced" physical appearance.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: As their name suggests, AAS have two different, but overlapping, types of effects: "anabolic", meaning that they promote anabolism (cell growth), and "androgenic" (or "virilizing"), meaning that they affect the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Some examples of the anabolic effects of these hormones are increased protein synthesis from amino acids, increased appetite, increased bone remodeling and growth, and stimulation of bone marrow, which increases the production of red blood cells. Through a number of mechanisms AAS stimulate the formation of muscle cells and hence cause an increase in the size of skeletal muscles, leading to increased strength.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: An animal study found that two different kinds of androgen response elements could differentially respond to testosterone and DHT upon activation of the AR. Whether this is involved in the differences in the ratios of anabolic-to-myotrophic effect of different AAS is unknown however.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Some AAS, such as testosterone, DHT, stanozolol, and methyltestosterone, have been found to modulate the GABAA receptor similarly to endogenous neurosteroids like allopregnanolone, 3α-androstanediol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and pregnenolone sulfate. It has been suggested that this may contribute as an alternative or additional mechanism to the neurological and behavioral effects of AAS.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: AAS differ in a variety of ways including in their capacities to be metabolized by steroidogenic enzymes such as 5α-reductase, 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, and aromatase, in whether their potency as AR agonists is potentiated or diminished by 5α-reduction, in their ratios of anabolic/myotrophic to androgenic effect, in their estrogenic, progestogenic, and neurosteroid activities, in their oral activity, and in their capacity to produce hepatotoxicity.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: AAS are androstane or estrane steroids. They include testosterone (androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one) and derivatives with various structural modifications such as:

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: As well as others such as 1-dehydrogenation (e.g., metandienone, boldenone), 1-substitution (e.g., mesterolone, metenolone), 2-substitution (e.g., drostanolone, oxymetholone, stanozolol), 4-substitution (e.g., clostebol, oxabolone), and various other modifications.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: In Canada, researchers have concluded that steroid use among student athletes is extremely widespread. A study conducted in 1993 by the Canadian Centre for Drug-Free Sport found that nearly 83,000 Canadians between the ages of 11 and 18 use steroids. AAS are also illegal without prescription in Australia, Argentina, Brazil, and Portugal, and are listed as Class C Controlled Drugs in the United Kingdom. AAS are readily available without a prescription in some countries such as Mexico and Thailand.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: The history of the U.S. legislation on AAS goes back to the late 1980s, when the U.S. Congress considered placing AAS under the Controlled Substances Act following the controversy over Ben Johnson's victory at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. AAS were added to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act in the Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Even though they can still be prescribed by a medical doctor in the U.S, the use of anabolic steroids for injury recovery purposes has been a taboo subject, even amongst the majority of sports medicine doctors and endocrinologists.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: In the United Kingdom, AAS are classified as class C drugs for their illegal abuse potential, which puts them in the same class as benzodiazepines. AAS are in Schedule 4, which is divided in 2 parts; Part 1 contains most of the benzodiazepines and Part 2 contains the AAS.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Part 1 drugs are subject to full import and export controls with possession being an offence without an appropriate prescription. There is no restriction on the possession when it is part of a medicinal product. Part 2 drugs require a Home Office licence for importation and export unless the substance is in the form of a medicinal product and is for self-administration by a person.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: In the late 2000s, the worldwide trade in illicit AAS increased significantly, and authorities announced record captures on three continents. In 2006, Finnish authorities announced a record seizure of 11.8 million AAS tablets. A year later, the DEA seized 11.4 million units of AAS in the largest U.S seizure ever. In the first three months of 2008, Australian customs reported a record 300 seizures of AAS shipments.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: AAS, alone and in combination with progestogens, have been studied as potential male hormonal contraceptives. Dual AAS and progestins such as trestolone and dimethandrolone undecanoate have also been studied as male contraceptives, with the latter under active investigation as of 2018.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Anabolic steroid

Context: Topical androgens have been used and studied in the treatment of cellulite in women. Topical androstanolone on the abdomen has been found to significantly decrease subcutaneous abdominal fat in women, and hence may be useful for improving body silhouette. However, men and hyperandrogenic women have higher amounts of abdominal fat than healthy women, and androgens have been found to increase abdominal fat in postmenopausal women and transgender men as well.

Question: 스테로이드는 언제 발견되었는가?


Demographics of New Zealand

Context: Farming is a major occupation in New Zealand, although more people are employed as sales assistants. Most New Zealanders earn wage or salary income, with a median personal income in 2013 of NZ$28,500.

Question: 뉴질랜드에는 얼마나 많은 인구가 살고 있는가?


Demographics of New Zealand

Context: New Zealand is a predominantly urban country, with  percent of the population living in an urban area. About  percent of the population live in the 20 main urban areas (population of 30,000 or more) and  percent live in the four largest cities of Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington, and Hamilton.

Question: 뉴질랜드에는 얼마나 많은 인구가 살고 있는가?


Demographics of New Zealand

Context: The maps below (taken from 2013 census data) show the percentages of people in each census area unit identifying themselves as European, Māori, Asian, or Pacific Islander (as defined by Statistics New Zealand). As people could identify themselves with multiple groups, percentages are not cumulative.

Question: 뉴질랜드에는 얼마나 많은 인구가 살고 있는가?


Demographics of New Zealand

Context: In the 2018 census, 22,987 people reported the ability to use New Zealand Sign Language. It was declared one of New Zealand's official languages in 2006.

Question: 뉴질랜드에는 얼마나 많은 인구가 살고 있는가?


Demographics of New Zealand

Context: Samoan is the most widely spoken non-official language (2.2 percent), followed by "Northern Chinese" (including Mandarin; 2.0 percent), Hindi (1.5 percent) and French (1.2 percent). A considerable proportion of first- and second-generation migrants are multilingual.

Question: 뉴질랜드에는 얼마나 많은 인구가 살고 있는가?