Japanese Americans

Context: In the early 1900s, Japanese Americans established fishing communities on Terminal Island and in San Diego. By 1923, there were two thousand Japanese fishermen sailing out of Los Angeles Harbor. By the 1930s, legislation was passed that attempted to limit Japanese fishermen. Still, areas like San Francisco's Japantown managed to thrive.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: The city of Torrance in Greater Los Angeles has headquarters of Japanese automakers and offices of other Japanese companies. Because of the abundance of Japanese restaurants and other cultural offerings are in the city, and Willy Blackmore of "L.A. Weekly" wrote that Torrance was "essentially Japan's 48th prefecture".

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: The Japanese School of New York is located in Greenwich, Connecticut in Greater New York City; it had formerly been located in New York City.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: There is a Japanese School of Language in Medford. Most Japanese-Americans in the state live in Greater Boston.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: There are about 5,500 Japanese Americans in Northern Virginia, representing the majority of Japanese Americans in the state and the multi-state Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. A small, but relatively high number of Japanese Americans can be found areas surrounding the University of Virginia and Virginia Tech.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: In the Southern, Midwestern, and Northeastern United States, the New York metropolitan area has the highest number of Japanese Americans, followed by the Washington metropolitan area.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Japanese American members of the United States House of Representatives have included Daniel K. Inouye, Spark Matsunaga, Patsy Mink, Norman Mineta, Bob Matsui, Pat Saiki, Mike Honda, Doris Matsui, Mazie Hirono, Mark Takano, and Mark Takai.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Japanese American members of the United States Senate have included Daniel K. Inouye, Samuel I. Hayakawa, Spark Matsunaga, and Mazie Hirono. In 2010, Inouye was sworn in as President pro tempore of the United States Senate making him the highest-ranking Asian-American politician in American history up to that time.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: George Ariyoshi served as the Governor of Hawaiʻi from 1974 to 1986. He was the first American of Asian descent to be elected governor of a state of the United States. David Ige is the current governor of Hawaii and has served in that office since 2014.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Kinjiro Matsudaira was elected mayor of Edmonston, Maryland in 1927 and 1943. In 1957, Japanese American James Kanno was elected as the first mayor of California's Fountain Valley. Norm Mineta became mayor of San Jose, California in 1971. In 1980, Eunice Sato became the first Asian-American female mayor of a major American city when she was elected mayor of Long Beach, California.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Many Japanese Americans have also gained prominence in science and technology. In 1979, biochemist Harvey Itano became the first Japanese American elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Michio Kaku is a theoretical physicist specializing in string field theory, and a well-known science popularizer. Ellison Onizuka became the first Asian American astronaut and was the mission specialist aboard "Challenger" at the time of its explosion. Immunologist Santa J. Ono became the first Japanese American president of a major research university University of Cincinnati and subsequently University of British Columbia.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Bell M. Shimada was a notable fisheries scientist of the 1950s after whom the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research ship NOAAS "Bell M. Shimada" (R 227) and the Shimada Seamount in the Pacific Ocean were named.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Artist Sueo Serisawa helped establish the California Impressionist style of painting. Yoko Ono's Fluxus art and performance art has been exhibited internationally. Other influential Japanese American artists include Chiura Obata, Isamu Noguchi, Kenjiro Nomura, George Tsutakawa, George Nakashima, Hideo Noda, and Ruth Asawa.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Architect Minoru Yamasaki designed the original World Trade Center (completed in 1973) and several other large-scale projects. Gyo Obata designed the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C (completed in 1976) and the pavilion of the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles (completed in 1992).

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Taro Yashima won the Children's Book Award in 1955 for his book "Crow Boy". Cynthia Kadohata won the Newbery Medal in 2005 and National Book Award for Young People's Literature in 2013.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Poet laureate of San Francisco (from 2000–2002) Janice Mirikitani published three volumes of poems. Lawson Fusao Inada was named poet laureate of the state of Oregon (2006–2010).

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Tomie Arai's work is part of permanent collection of Museum of Modern Art, Library of Congress, and the Museum of Chinese in the Americas.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Michiko Kakutani is an American Pulitzer Prize-winning literary critic and former chief book critic for "The New York Times" (from 1983 to 2017).

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Karen Tei Yamashita was named the recipient of the National Book Foundation's Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters in 2021.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Classical violinist Midori Gotō is a recipient of the prestigious Avery Fisher Prize (2001), while world-renowned violinist Anne Akiko Meyers received an Avery Fisher career grant in 1993. Juno Award-nominated classical violinist Hidetaro Suzuki was the concertmaster of the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra from 1978 to 2005. Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter Yoko Ono released 14 studio albums and was named the 11th most successful dance club artist of all time by Billboard Magazine.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Singer-songwriter and composer Mari Iijima is a Japanese expat currently living in the United States. J-Pop singers Hikaru Utada and Joe Inoue were both born in the United States but gained their fame in Japan.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Michael Norman (mother from Japan) was a member of the gold medal winning 4 × 400 meters relay at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Swimmers Erica Sullivan and Jay Litherland (both with mothers from Japan) each won silver medals at the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: In distance running, Miki (Michiko) Gorman won the Boston and New York City marathons twice in the 1970s. A former American record holder at the distance, she is the only woman to win both races twice, and is one of only two women to win both marathons in the same year.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Wally Kaname Yonamine was a professional running back for the San Francisco 49ers in 1947. Lenn Sakata, born in Hawaii, played in the MLB from 1977 to 1987. Rex Walters, whose mother was Japanese, played in the NBA from 1993 to 2000. Lindsey Yamasaki was the first Asian American to play in the WNBA and finished off her NCAA career with the third-most career 3-pointers at Stanford University.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Hikaru Nakamura became the youngest American ever to earn the titles of National Master (age 10) and International Grandmaster (age 15) in chess. In 2004, at the age of 16, he won the U.S. Chess Championship for the first time. He later won four other times.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Naomi Osaka, who held U.S. citizenship until she renounced it in 2019, was the main torchbearer of the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo. Osaka resides in the United States.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Kyle Larson, born to an American father and Japanese-American mother, won the 2021 NASCAR Cup Series.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Miyoshi Umeki won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1957. Actors Sessue Hayakawa, Mako Iwamatsu, and Pat Morita were nominated for Academy Awards in 1957, 1966, and 1984 respectively.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Steven Okazaki won the 1990 Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) for his film "". Chris Tashima won the 1997 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. Audrey Marrs won the 2010 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Kazu Hiro won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling in 2018 and 2020, winning the second award as an American citizen.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Cary Fukunaga is an Emmy-award-winning filmmaker and writer known for directing and producing the first season of HBO series "True Detective" and for directing the 2021 James Bond film "No Time to Die".

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Japanese Americans

Context: Japanese Americans now anchor TV newscasts in markets all over the country. Notable anchors include Tritia Toyota, Adele Arakawa, David Ono, Kent Ninomiya, Lori Matsukawa, and Rob Fukuzaki.

Question: 第二次世界大戦時、アメリカ合衆国には日系人強制収容所はいくつありましたか？


Konami

Context: is a Japanese entertainment conglomerate and video game company. In addition to being a video game developer and publisher, it also produces and distributes trading cards, anime, tokusatsu, pachinko machines, slot machines, and arcade cabinets. Konami has casinos around the world and operates health and physical fitness clubs across Japan.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: Konami is headquartered in Tokyo. In the United States, Konami manages its video game business from Aviation Blvd, California and its casino gaming business from Paradise, Nevada. Its Australian gaming operations are in Sydney. As of March 2019, it owns 22 consolidated subsidiaries around the world.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: The company was founded on 21 March 1969 and was officially incorporated under the name on 19 March 1973. The company's founder and chairman, Kagemasa Kōzuki (also known as Kaz Kozuki), ran a jukebox rental and repair business in Toyonaka, Osaka before transforming the business into a manufacturer of amusement machines for video arcades. Their first coin-operated video game was released in 1978, and they began exporting products to the United States the following year.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: In June 1991, Konami's legal name was changed to and their headquarters were relocated to Minato, Tokyo in April 1993. The company started supporting the 16-bit video game consoles during this period, starting with the Super NES in 1990, followed by the PC Engine in 1991 and the Sega Genesis in 1992.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: The absorption of Hudson Soft in 2012 resulted in the addition of several other franchises including: "Adventure Island", "Bonk", "Bloody Roar", "Bomberman", "Far East of Eden", and "Star Soldier".

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: In 2017, Konami announced that they would be reviving some of the company's other well-known video game titles following the success of their Nintendo Switch launch title "Super Bomberman R".

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: In early 2020, Konami moved their headquarters to the Ginza district of Tokyo, which includes a facility for holding esports events as well as a school for esports players.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: Konami announced a major restructuring of Konami Digital Entertainment on 25 January 2021, which including the dissolution of its Product Divisions 1, 2, and 3 to be reconsolidated into a new structure to be announced at a later time. Konami affirmed this would not affect their commitment to video games and was only an internal restructuring. On July 1st, 2022 Konami changed their corporate name again from Konami Holdings Cororation to Konami Group Corporation.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: On 7 November 2005, Konami Corporation announced restructuring Konami Corporation into a holding company, by moving its Japanese Digital Entertainment Business segment under Konami Corporation. The Digital Entertainment Business became Konami Digital Entertainment Co., Ltd. The newly established Konami Corporation was expected to begin operation on 31 March 2006.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: is Konami's Japanese video game development and publishing division founded on 31 March 2006. It absorbed Hudson Soft. Before Konami Corporation had formally changed to a holding company in 2006, various forms of Konami Digital Entertainment companies had been established either as holding company or publisher. The last of the company, the Japan-based Konami Digital Entertainment Co., Ltd., was split from Konami Corporation during the holding company restructuring process.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: Konami Computer Entertainment Nagoya, Inc. (KCEN), founded on 1 October 1996, was dissolved along with Konami Computer Entertainment Kobe, Inc. (KCEK) in December 2002.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: On 16 December 2004, Konami Corporation announced Konami Online, Inc., Konami Computer Entertainment Studios, Inc., Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo, Inc., Konami Computer Entertainment Japan, Inc. would merge into Konami Corporation, effective on March 1, 2005.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: On 22 February 2005, Konami Corporation announced Konami Media Entertainment, Inc. would merge into Konami Corporation, effective on 1 March 2005.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: On 11 March 2005, Konami Corporation announced Konami Traumer, Inc would be merged back into Konami Corporation, effective on June 1, 2005.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: On 21 September 2010, Konami Corporation announced it has signed an agreement to acquire with Abilit Corporation via share exchange. After the transaction, Abilit Corporation became a wholly owned subsidiary of Konami Corporation, effective 1 January 2011. On 1 January 2011, Abilit Corporation was renamed to Takasago Electric Industry Co.,Ltd. As part of the acquisition, Biz Share Corporation also became a subsidiary of Konami Corporation.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: On 2 October 2006, Konami Corporation announced it had completed the acquisition of mobile phone content developer Megacyber Corporation.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: On 6 February 2007, Konami Corporation announced Megacyber Corporation to be merged into Konami Digital Entertainment Co., Ltd., with Konami Digital Entertainment Co., Ltd. being the surviving company, effective on 1 April 2007.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: Some cinematically styled franchises from Konami are "Silent Hill" survival horror franchise, and the "Metal Gear" series. Another successful franchise is "Winning Eleven", the spiritual sequel to "International Superstar Soccer". In Japan, it is known for the popular "Jikkyō Powerful Pro Yakyū series" baseball series and the "Zone of the Enders" games. The company has picked up "Saw" from Brash Entertainment when the game's production had been suspended due to financial issues.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: Konami is known for its password, the Konami Code, which traditionally gives many power-ups in its games.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: Konami Digital Entertainment B.V. and AC Milan have announced to have formed a partnership that is to open on the 1st of July 2022. KONAMI is going to be the football’s club Official Training Wear Partner, the first one in the history of AC Milan. The team will wear a logo of KONAMI’s eFootball™ on the front of their kit during every training session and before each competition. KONAMI is also to become an Italian team’s Principal Partner.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: In 2006, Konami started producing films based on their franchises. Konami produced the "Silent Hill" film (released in 2006) and announced that they will produce a "Metal Gear Solid" film.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: In 2020, Konami launched a PC gaming brand in Japan known as Arespear, which includes desktop computers, keyboards, and headsets (the last of which designed in collaboration with Konami's "Bemani" musicians).

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: "Silent Hills", set to be the ninth installment of the "Silent Hill" franchise, was abruptly cancelled in April 2015 without explanation despite the critical acclaim and success of "P.T.", a playable teaser. Hours after the announcement, Konami delisted itself from the New York Stock Exchange.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: Game co-director and writer Guillermo del Toro publicly criticized the cancellation as not making any sense and questioned what he described as a "scorched earth" approach to removing the trailer. Due to the experience, del Toro stated that he would never work on another video game.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: Konami Digital Entertainment CEO, Hideki Hayakawa, announced that, with few exceptions, Konami would stop making console games and instead focus on the mobile gaming platform; a decision that was heavily criticized by the video gaming community. However, Konami UK's community manager, Graham Day, has denied the claims that it was exiting the console industry.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


Konami

Context: On 3 March 2015, Konami announced they would be shifting focus away from individual studios, notably Kojima Productions. Internal sources claimed the restructure was due to a clash between Hideo Kojima and Konami. References to Kojima were soon stripped from marketing material, and Kojima's position as an executive vice president of Konami Digital Entertainment was removed from the company's official listing of executives.

Question: コナミアミューズメントの創始者は誰？


BioWare

Context: BioWare is a Canadian video game developer based in Edmonton, Alberta. It was founded in 1995 by newly graduated medical doctors Ray Muzyka, Greg Zeschuk and Augustine Yip, alongside Trent Oster, Brent Oster, and Marcel Zeschuk. Since 2007, the company has been owned by American publisher Electronic Arts.

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: BioWare specializes in role-playing video games, and achieved recognition for developing highly praised and successful licensed franchises: "Baldur's Gate", "Neverwinter Nights", and '. They proceeded to make several other successful games based on original intellectual property: "Jade Empire", the "Mass Effect" series, and the "Dragon Age" series. In 2011, BioWare launched their first massively multiplayer online role-playing game, '.

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: The next few years saw a number of changes in BioWare's corporate status. In November 2005, it was announced that BioWare and Pandemic Studios (itself founded by former Activision employees) would be joining forces, with private equity fund Elevation Partners investing in the partnership. On 11 October 2007, however, it was announced that this new partnership (organized as VG Holding Corp.) had been bought by Electronic Arts. BioWare therefore became a unit of EA, but retained its own branding.

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: In 2007, BioWare released the science fiction role-playing game "Mass Effect". The following year, BioWare released "" on the Nintendo DS, its first title for a handheld game console. Later, EA announced that BioWare would be merged with Mythic Entertainment, another division of EA, so that they could have all of their role-playing game development in one business unit.

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: On 24 September 2019, it was announced that BioWare had moved from their old location on Calgary Trail into 3 stories of the Epcor Tower in downtown Edmonton.

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: On 7 November 2020 or "N7 Day", a date first declared in 2012 by BioWare as an annual "worldwide celebration" of the "Mass Effect franchise", "" was announced.

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: On 3 December 2020, both Hudson and Mark Darrah, the executive producer on the "Dragon Age" series, announced their departures from the studio. Electronic Arts stated that work on the "Mass Effect" and "Dragon Age" games would still continue at the studio.

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: Between 1998 and 2011, BioWare developed a number of in-house video game engines to serve as technical basis for their games. Some of these engines were then licensed to other companies to develop their own games. Others came with modding toolkits, allowing the fan community to implement original adventures using the technology of BioWare's games.

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: The succeeded the Odyssey Engine and, among other things, supported PhysX hardware acceleration. It was used to produce "Dragon Age: Origins" (2009) and its expansion pack (2010). Like "Neverwinter Nights", "Origins" was released with a toolset to allow the players to run their own adventure modules on the Eclipse Engine. An upgraded version of the Eclipse Engine, internally known as the Lycium Engine, was used to produce "Dragon Age II" (2011).

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: In 2013, EA confirmed that all future games developed by BioWare will be made on EA DICE's Frostbite 3 engine. All three of BioWare's latest games ("Dragon Age: Inquisition", "Mass Effect: Andromeda" and "Anthem") were announced to be based on the Frostbite 3 engine, as part of the general move towards a unified technology foundation across all of Electronic Arts' development studios.

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: In addition to numerous game awards, in October 2008, the company was named one of Alberta's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc., which was announced by the "Calgary Herald" and the "Edmonton Journal".

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


BioWare

Context: BioWare's co-founders Ray Muzyka and Greg Zeschuk were named as members of the Order of Canada in December 2018 "for [their] revolutionary contributions to the video game industry as a developer and co-founder of an internationally renowned studio."

Question: BioWareの設立者は誰


Father of surgery

Context: Various individuals have advanced the surgical art and, as a result, have been called the father of surgery by various sources.

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: Sushruta (Sanskrit: सुश्रुत, lit. "well heard") was an ancient Indian ayurvedic physician, known as the main author of The Sushruta Samhita (ca. 600 BCE), an important early medical text and the first text to represent the process of rhinoplasty. One of the earliest documented plastic surgeons, he also described procedures for treating hemorrhoids and fistulae, as well as cataract surgery. Sushruta has been called "father of surgery" and "father of plastic surgery".

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The Arab physician Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (936-1013) wrote "Al-Tasrif" (The Method of Medicine), a 30-part medical encyclopedia in Arabic. In the encyclopedia, he introduced his collection of over 200 surgical instruments, many of which were never used before. Some of his works included being the first to describe and prove the hereditary pattern behind hemophilia, as well as describing ectopic pregnancy and stone babies. He has been called the "father of surgery".

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The 14th century French surgeon Guy de Chauliac quoted Al-Tasrif over 200 times. Abu Al-Qasim's influence continued for at least five centuries after his death, extending into the Renaissance, evidenced by al-Tasrif's frequent reference by French surgeon Jacques Daléchamps (1513-1588).

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The Frenchman Guy de Chauliac (c. 1300–1368) is said by the "Encyclopædia Britannica" to have been the most eminent surgeon of the European Middle Ages. He wrote the surgical work "Chirurgia magna", which was used as a standard text for some centuries. He has been called the "father of modern surgery".

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The French surgeon Ambroise Paré (1517–1590) worked as a military doctor. He reformed the treatment of gunshot wounds, rejecting the practice, common at that time, of cauterizing the wound, and ligatured blood vessels in amputated limbs. His collected works were published in 1575. He has been called the "father of modern surgery".

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The Italian anatomist and surgeon Hieronymus Fabricius (1537–1619) taught William Harvey, and published a work on the valves of the veins. He has been called the "father of ancient surgery".

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The American surgeon Philip Syng Physick (1768–1837) worked in Philadelphia and invented a number of new surgical methods and instruments. He has been called the "father of modern surgery".

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The Englishman Joseph Lister (1827–1912) became well known for his advocacy of the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic, and was dubbed the "father of modern surgery" as a result.

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The German Theodor Billroth (1829–1894) was an early user of antisepsis, and was the first to perform a resection of the esophagus, and various other operations. He has been called the "father of modern surgery".

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The American William Stewart Halsted (1852–1922) pioneered the radical mastectomy, and designed a residency training program for American surgeons. He has been called "the most innovative and influential surgeon the United States has produced", and also the "father of modern surgery".

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


Father of surgery

Context: The Scottish James Henderson Nicoll (1863–1921) pioneered a surgical cure for Pyloric stenosis and outpatient care of children with Spina bifida, and was known as the "Father of Day Surgery".

Question: ジョン・ハンターは学者としてどの分野を専門とした？


State Shinto

Context: was Imperial Japan's ideological use of the Japanese folk religion and traditions of Shinto. The state exercised control of shrine finances and training regimes for priests to strongly encourage Shinto practices that emphasized the Emperor as a divine being.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: US military leaders introduced the term "State Shinto" to differentiate the state's ideology from traditional Shinto practices in the 1945 Shinto Directive. That decree established Shinto as a religion, and banned further ideological uses of Shinto by the state. Controversy continues to surround the use of Shinto symbols in state functions.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: The "State Shinto" term was thus used to categorize and abolish Imperial Japanese practices that relied on Shinto to support nationalistic ideology. By declining to ban Shinto practices outright, Japan's post-war constitution was able to preserve full freedom of religion.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Some contemporary Shinto authorities reject the concept of State Shinto, and seek to restore elements of the practice, such as naming time periods after the Emperor. This view often sees "State Shinto" purely as an invention of the United States' "Shinto Directive."

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: "Religious" practice, in its Western sense, was unknown in Japan prior to the Meiji restoration. "Religion" was understood to encompass a series of beliefs about faith and the afterlife, but also closely associated with Western power. The Meiji restoration had re-established the Emperor, a "religious" figure, as the head of the Japanese state.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Religious freedom was initially a response to demands of Western governments. Japan had allowed Christian missionaries under pressure from Western governments, but viewed Christianity as a foreign threat. The state was challenged to establish a suprareligious interpretation of Shinto that incorporated, and promoted, the Emperor's divine lineage. By establishing Shinto as a unique form of "suprareligious" cultural practice, it would be exempted from Meiji laws protecting freedom of religion.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: The "State Shinto" ideology presented Shinto as something beyond religion, "a unity of government and teaching ... not a religion." Rather than a religious practice, Shinto was understood as a form of education, which "consists of the traditions of the imperial house, beginning in the age of gods and continuing through history."

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: State Shinto was thus not recognized as a "state religion" during the Meiji era. Instead, State Shinto is considered an appropriation of traditional Shinto through state financial support for ideologically aligned shrines.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: By balancing a "suprareligious" understanding of Shinto as the source of divinity for both Japan and the Emperor, the state was able to compel participation in rituals from Japanese subjects while claiming to respect their freedom of religion. The state was thus able to enshrine its place in civic society in ways religions could not. This included teaching its ideological strand of Shinto in public schools, including ceremonial recitations to the Emperor and rites involving the Emperor's portrait.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: In 1926, the government organized the and then the , which further established the suprareligious "Shintogaku" ideology.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Some intellectuals at the time, such as Yanagita Kunio, were critics of Imperial Japan's argument at the time that Shinto was not religious. In 1936, the Catholic Church's Propaganda Fide agreed with the state definition, and announced that visits to shrines had "only a purely civil value".

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Though the government's ideological interest in Shinto is well-known, there is debate over how much control the government had over local shrines and for how long. Shrine finances were not purely state-supported. Shinto priests, even when state-supported, had tended to avoid preaching on ideological matters until the establishment of the Wartime Shrine board in 1940.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: In 1906, the government issued a policy to limit its financial support to one shrine per village. This state supported shrines that followed its specific guidelines for funding, and encouraged unfunded shrines to become partners with the larger shrines. As a result of this initiative to consolidate Shinto beliefs into state-approved practices, Japan's 200,000 shrines had been reduced to 120,000 by 1914, consolidating control to shrines favorable to the state interpretation of Shinto.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: In 1910, graduates of state-run Shinto schools, such as Kokugakuin University and Kougakkan University, were implicitly allowed to become public school teachers. A greater number of better-trained priests with educations at state-supported schools, combined with a rising patriotic fervor, is believed by some to have seeded an environment in which grassroots Emperor worship was possible, even without financial support for local shrines.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: In 1913, official rules for Shrine priests — — specifically called upon "a duty to observe festivals conforming to the rituals of the state." Some shrines did adopt State Shinto practice independent of financial support from the government. Several Shrine Associations advocated for support of "State Shinto" directives independently, including the Shrine Administration Organization, the Shrine Priest Collaboration Organization, and the Shrine Priest Training Organization.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Scholar Katsurajima Nobuhiro suggests the "suprareligious" frame on State Shinto practices drew upon the state's previous failures to consolidate religious Shinto for state purposes.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Kokugaku ("National Learning") was an early attempt to develop ideological interpretations of Shinto, many of which would later form the basis of "State Shinto" ideology. Kokugaku was an Edo-period educational philosophy which sought a "pure" form of Japanese Shinto, stripped of foreign influences — particularly Buddhism.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Despite its failure, Atsutane's nativist interpretation of Shinto would encourage a later scholar, Okuni Takamasa. Takamasa advocated control and standardization of Shinto practice through a governmental "Department of Divinity." These activists urged leaders to consolidate diverse, localized Shinto practices into a standardized national practice, which they argued would unify Japan in support of the Emperor.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: In calling for the return of the Department of Divinity in 1874, a group of Shinto priests issued a collective statement calling Shinto a "National Teaching." That statement advocated for understanding Shinto as distinct from religions. Shinto, they argued, was a preservation of the traditions of the Imperial house and therefore represented the purest form of Japanese state rites. These scholars wrote,

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Signatories of the statement included Shinto leaders, practitioners and scholars such as Tanaka Yoritsune, chief priest of Ise shrine; Motoori Toyokai, head of Kanda shrine; and Hirayama Seisai, head of a major tutelary shrine in Tokyo. Nonetheless, this concept of Shinto as a "National Learning" failed to take hold in most popular conceptions of Shinto.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: In 1879, Yasukuni Shrine was built to enshrine the war dead. The emperor visited and performed rites for the war dead at Yasukuni, the highest possible honor in Shinto. Around this time, the state began to assign shrines with meanings rooted in patriotic nationalism; including a network of shrines dedicated to soldiers killed in battle. These assignments had no connection to the history of these local shrines, which led to resentment.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: In contemporary times, the shrine has become a controversial symbol for Japanese nationalists. While many citizens of various political persuasions visit the site to honor relatives killed in battle, whose kami (spirits) are said to be enshrined there, so too are the kami of several class-A war criminals. These criminals were enshrined in a secret ceremony in 1978, which has raised the ire of Japanese pacifists and the international community.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: No Emperor has visited the shrine since, and visits by prime ministers and government officials to the shrine have been the subject of lawsuits and media controversy.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: The Japanese built almost 400 shrines in occupied Korea, and worship was mandatory for Koreans. A statement from the head of the Home Office in Korea wrote about the shrines in a directive: "…they have an existence totally distinct from religion, and worship at the shrines is an act of patriotism and loyalty, the basic moral virtues of our nation."

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: The Shinto Directive stated it was established to "free the Japanese people from direct or indirect compulsion to believe or profess to believe in a religion or cult officially designated by the state" and "prevent a recurrence of the perversion of Shinto theory and beliefs into militaristic and ultranationalistic propaganda".

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Today, while the Imperial House continues to perform Shinto rituals as "private ceremonies", participation and belief are no longer obligatory for Japanese citizens, nor funded by the state.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Other aspects of the government's "suprareligious" enforcement of Shinto practices, such as school trips to Shinto shrines, were forbidden. Many innovations of Meiji-era Shinto are present in contemporary Shinto, such as a belief among priests that Shinto is a non-religious cultural practice that encourages national unity.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Controversy has emerged during the funerals and weddings of members of the Japanese Imperial Family (Imperial House of Japan), as they present a merging of Shinto and state functions. The Japanese treasury does not pay for these events, which preserves the distinction between state and shrine functions.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: The Association of Shinto Shrines is politically active in encouraging support for the Emperor, including campaigns such as distributing amulets from Ise Shrine. Ise Shrine was one of the most important shrines in State Shinto, symbolizing Amaterasu's presence and connection to the Emperor. In contrast, the Meiji-era Yasukuni Shrine is frequently the target of State Shinto controversies, mostly owing to its enshrinement of Japanese war criminals.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


State Shinto

Context: Conservative politicians and nationalist interest groups continue to advocate for returning the Emperor to a central political and religious position, which they believe will restore a national sense of unity.

Question: 国家神道の始まりはいつ


Giorgione

Context: Matters are further complicated because no drawing can be certainly identified as by Giorgione (although one in Rotterdam is widely accepted), and a number of aspects of the arguments over the defining of Giorgione's late style involve drawings.

Question: ジョルジョーネの性別は？


Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Context: In the 12th century, the Principality of Halych was formed there by descendants of Vladimir the Great. It merged at the end of the 12th century with the neighboring Principality of Volhynia into the principality of Galicia–Volhynia, which existed with some breaks for a century and a half.

Question: ハールィチ・ヴォルィーニ大公国の初代王は誰？


Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Context: Danylo's dynasty attempted to gain support from Pope Benedict XII and broader European powers for an alliance against the Mongols, but ultimately proved unable to compete with the rising powers of the centralised Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. Only in 1349, after the occupation of Galicia–Volhynia by an allied Polish-Hungarian force, was the Kingdom of Rus finally conquered and incorporated in Poland. This ended the vassalage of Kingdom of Rus to the Golden Horde.

Question: ハールィチ・ヴォルィーニ大公国の初代王は誰？


Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Context: After 1352 most of the Ruthenian Voivodeship belonged to the Crown of the Polish Kingdom, where it remained also after the Union of Lublin between Poland and Lithuania. The present-day town of Halych is situated away from the ancient capital of Galicia, on the spot where the river port of the old town was located, and where King Liubartas of Kingdom of Rus constructed a wooden castle in 1367.

Question: ハールィチ・ヴォルィーニ大公国の初代王は誰？


Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Context: By the treaty of the Union of Lublin of 1569, all of the former principality of Galicia–Volhynia became part of Poland. In 1772, Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (who was also Queen of Hungary) revived the old Hungarian claims to the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (""), using them to justify the participation of Austria in the partitions of Poland.

Question: ハールィチ・ヴォルィーニ大公国の初代王は誰？


Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Context: In contrast to their consistent secular or political claims to the Kievan inheritance, Galicia's rulers were not concerned by religious succession. This differentiated them from their rivals in Vladimir-Suzdal, who sought to, and attained, control over the Kievan Church. Rather than contest Vladimir-Suzal's dominance of the Kievan Church, Kingdom of Rus' rulers merely asked for and obtained a separate Church from Byzantium.

Question: ハールィチ・ヴォルィーニ大公国の初代王は誰？


Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

Context: Notes: The senior branch of Rurikid dynasty, in the 14th century Galician rulers came in close relations with Mazovian Piasts (Duke of Mazovia) and rising Gediminids which established the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Question: ハールィチ・ヴォルィーニ大公国の初代王は誰？


Chevrolet Monza

Context: The Chevrolet Monza is a subcompact automobile produced by Chevrolet for the 1975 through 1980 model years. The Monza is based on the Chevrolet Vega, sharing its wheelbase, width, and standard inline-four engine. The car was designed to accommodate the GM-Wankel rotary engine, but due to mediocre fuel economy and emissions-compliance issues the engine was cancelled, and a V8 engine option was substituted. The Monza name has also been used for several other cars.

Question: モンツァはどうやって発展した？


Chevrolet Monza

Context: GM had planned to introduce the GM Wankel rotary engine (licensed from NSU Motorenwerke AG) in the Monza's 1975 model. Rotary issues included mediocre fuel economy compounded at a time of comparatively high fuel prices following the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973, and GM canceled the engine (this was the same rotary engine that AMC had planned to source from GM for the 1975 Pacer). Thus, the 1975 Chevrolet Monza was launched carrying a conventional piston engine instead.

Question: モンツァはどうやって発展した？


Chevrolet Monza

Context: A lower priced "S" version of the 2+2 hatchback was introduced mid-year. It featured as standard the Vega one-barrel engine with a three-speed manual transmission. The sport suspension, full console, sport steering wheel, day/night rear-view mirror and wheel opening moldings were deleted on the "S". The Chevrolet Monza 2+2 won "Motor Trend" magazine's Car of the Year award for 1975.

Question: モンツァはどうやって発展した？


Chevrolet Monza

Context: The 1977 Monza was highlighted by two new Spyder option packages available only for the 2+2 hatchback, one being a $274 Z01 performance equipment package and the other an additional $199 Z02 appearance package. An four-cylinder engine was standard, but Monzas could be ordered with a V8 instead. The Monza dashboard contained round gauges in a brushed-aluminum instrument panel. The Towne Coupe Cabriolet was deleted, but a half-vinyl roof and opera windows could still be ordered.

Question: モンツァはどうやって発展した？


Chevrolet Monza

Context: In November 1970, GM paid $50 million for initial licenses to produce the Wankel rotary engine, and GM president Ed Cole projected its release in three years. The GM Wankel was initially targeted for an October 1973 introduction as a 1974 Vega option. The General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine (GMRCE) had two rotors displacing , twin distributors and coils, and aluminum housing,

Question: モンツァはどうやって発展した？


Chevrolet Monza

Context: Chevrolet Monzas participated in the IMSA GT Series powered by Chevrolet Corvette engines. Chevrolet Monzas were the challengers in the new AAGT class. The class was designed to allow such cars to compete with the best GT cars in the world. The 1975 season was launched with the new cars that would compete with the dominating Porsche Carreras. A very liberal set of rules allowed some body panels to be retained – the windshield, the rear window and the roof. Everything else was built from scratch.

Question: モンツァはどうやって発展した？


Chevrolet Monza

Context: Others to drive a Chevrolet Monza in Australian Sports Sedan / GT racing included: John Briggs who raced a Monza built by K&A Engineering in Adelaide, Graeme Whincup (the uncle of multiple V8 Supercar and Bathurst 1000 champion Jamie Whincup), who drove a Monza he built for racing in 1979, and Jeff Barnes.

Question: モンツァはどうやって発展した？


Chevrolet Monza

Context: The Monza was also a favourite of drivers in Australian speedway in both super sedan and grand national racing during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Successful Monza drivers in speedway include Sydney Grand National driver Barry Graham.

Question: モンツァはどうやって発展した？


Christianity in Japan

Context: The Japanese word for is a compound of kirisuto (キリスト) the Japanese adaptation of the Portuguese word for Christ, "Cristo", and the Sino-Japanese word for , as in "Bukkyō" (仏教, Japanese for Buddhism).

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: In 1637, Christians in Japan rebelled against Amakusa and Shimabara over violent treatment towards Christians by Matsukura Katsuie, resulting in Ieyasu's ban on Christianity. This was the largest rebellion in the history of Japan and convinced the Shogunate that Christianity was a threat to them, causing them to isolate Japan from the outside world for almost 250 years.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: Drawn from the oral histories of Japanese Catholic communities, Shūsaku Endō's historical novel "Silence" provides detailed fictionalised accounts of the persecution of Christian communities and the suppression of the Church.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: Captain Herbert Clifford was an officer in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and the founder of the Loochoo Naval Mission (1843). Clifford worked with missionary the Rev. Bernard Jean Bettelheim, who was the first Christian missionary to Okinawa.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: After Japan was opened to greater foreign interaction in 1853, many Christian clergymen were sent from Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox churches, though proselytism was still banned. After the Meiji Restoration, freedom of religion was introduced in 1871, giving all Christian communities the right to legal existence and preaching.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: Japan remains one of the most secular nations in the world according to the World Values Survey. While there may be up to 3 million Japanese Christians, Christianity in Japan is spread among many denominational affiliations. 70 percent of Japanese churches have an average attendance of less than 50, though membership is often almost double this figure.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: The celebration of selected Christian holidays has gained popularity in Japan since the Second World War – primarily as commercial events, but with also an emphasis on sharing time with loved ones, either significant others or close family.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: Except in Japan's minority Christian communities, Easter is not typically marked by any special form of celebration.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: Christian weddings have become prominent as an alternative (or addition) to traditional Shinto ceremonies. This is partially due to the successful missionary efforts of Japanese Christian churches and commercial endeavors. Architecturally resembling churches, wedding chapels have sprung up across Japan to meet the needs of Japanese who do not join Christian churches but still desire the ceremony.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: Black gospel music has had an enthusiastic reception in Japan. Stylistic elements from this genre are employed in many J-pop songs.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: Catholicism in Japan operates in communion with the worldwide Roman Catholic Church under the authority of the Pope in Rome. In 2005, there were approximately 509,000 Catholics in 16 dioceses in Japan. The patron saints of Japan are Francis Xavier and Peter Baptist.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: A multitude of Japanese Catholics were brutally tortured and killed for their faith, thus becoming martyrs. Many of these martyrs have been canonized, and their liturgical memorial is celebrated each year on February 6 in honor of their fidelity to Christ and his Church unto death.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: In 1981 Pope John Paul II paid a visit to Japan, during which he met with Japanese people, the clergy, and Catholic lay-people, held Holy Mass in the Korakuen Stadium (Tokyo), and visited the Peace Memorial Park in Hiroshima, the Hill of Martyrs in Nagasaki, town of the Immaculate founded by St. Maximilian Kolbe in Nagasaki, and other places. Pope Francis also visited Japan in 2019.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: James Curtis Hepburn, M.D., LL.D. (March 13, 1815 – June 11, 1911) was the first Presbyterian missionary to Japan, arriving in 1859, the same year as the first ordained representatives of the Anglican Communion, the Rev., later Bishop, Channing Moore Williams, founder of Rikkyo University, Tokyo, and the Rev. John Liggins of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: The post-World War II years have seen increasing activity by evangelicals, initially with North American influence, and some growth occurred between 1945 and 1960. The Japanese Bible Society was established in 1937 with the help of National Bible Society of Scotland (NBSS, now called the Scottish Bible Society), the American Bible Society, the British and Foreign Bible Society.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: The Ecumenical Patriarchate is also present with the Greek Orthodox Exarchate of Japan under the Orthodox Metropolis of Korea.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: In 2020, the number of Jehovah's Witnesses was 212,683 active publishers, united in 2,964 congregations; 273,856 people attended annual celebration of Lord's Evening Meal in 2020. Before 1945 they were banned in Japan. Many Jehovah's Witnesses were jailed; one of them, Katsuo Miura, was in the Hiroshima prison during the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: As of year-end 2009, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) reported 29 stakes, 14 districts, 163 wards, 125 branches, 7 missions, and 3 temples in Japan. As of July 2016, there are 128,216 members. The LDS Church was established in Japan in 1901 when the first LDS Church missionaries arrived on August 12, 1901. Among them was Heber J. Grant, at the time a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, the 7th President of the Church.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Christianity in Japan

Context: As of March 15, 2011 there were over 630 LDS missionaries serving in the church's six missions in Japan.

Question: 日本ではいつ西暦を導入した


Newspaper

Context: A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports and art, and often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local services, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips, and advice columns.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: Newspapers have traditionally been published in print (usually on cheap, low-grade paper called newsprint). However, today most newspapers are also published on websites as online newspapers, and some have even abandoned their print versions entirely.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: Newspapers developed in the 17th century, as information sheets for merchants. By the early 19th century, many cities in Europe, as well as North and South America, published newspapers.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high journalism quality, and large circulation are viewed as newspapers of record.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: With the advent of the internet many newspapers are now digital, with their news presented online rather than in a physical format, with there now being a decline in sales for paper copies of newspapers.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: The first mechanical, movable type printing that allowed the mass production of printed books was invented by Johann Gutenberg around 1450. In the 50 years after Gutenberg started printing, an estimated 500,000 books were in circulation, printed on about 1,000 presses across the continent. Gutenberg's invention was a simple device, but it launched a revolution marked by repeated advances in technology and, as a result, a popularization of the ideals of liberty and freedom of information exchange.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: The first newspaper in Italy, in accordance with the oldest issue still preserved, was "Di Genova" published in 1639 in Genoa. The first newspaper in Portugal, "A Gazeta da Restauração", was published in 1641 in Lisbon. The first Spanish newspaper, Gaceta de Madrid, was published in 1661.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: The "Jobo", which is discussed in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, is published in 1577 as a privately run commercial newspaper. It was printed daily, and covered a range of topics, including weather, constellations, and current affairs. In 2017, a Korean monk claimed to have discovered an extant copy of the "Jobo".

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: The history of Middle Eastern newspapers goes back to the 19th century. Many editors were not only journalists but also writers, philosophers and politicians. With unofficial journals, these intellectuals encouraged public discourse on politics in the Ottoman and Persian Empires. Literary works of all genres were serialized and published in the press as well.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: In the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries, unlike most other countries, "daily" newspapers do not publish on Sundays. In the past there were independent Sunday newspapers; nowadays the same publisher often produces a Sunday newspaper, distinct in many ways from the daily, usually with a related name; e.g., "The Times" and "The Sunday Times" are distinct newspapers owned by the same company, and an article published in the latter would never be credited to "The Times".

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: In some countries daily newspapers are not published on Christmas Day, but weekly newspapers would change their day e.g. Sunday newspapers are published on Saturday December 24, Christmas Eve when Christmas Day falls on Sunday.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: As the name suggests, a triweekly publishes three times a week. The "Meridian Star" is an example of such a publication.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: Some publications are published, for example, fortnightly (or biweekly in American parlance). They may have a change from normal weekly day of the week during the Christmas period depending the day of the week Christmas Day is falling on.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: Almost every market has one or two newspapers that dominate the area. Large metropolitan newspapers often have large distribution networks, and can be found outside their normal area, sometimes widely, sometimes from fewer sources.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: General newspapers cover all topics, with different emphasis. While at least mentioning all topics, some might have good coverage of international events of importance; others might concentrate more on national or local entertainment or sports. Specialised newspapers might concentrate more specifically on, for example, financial matters. There are publications covering exclusively sports, or certain sports, horse-racing, theatre, and so on, although they may no longer be called newspapers.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: Since 2005 in the UK more than 200 regional newspapers have closed down resulting in a 50% decline in the number of regional journalists. A 2016 study by King's College, London, found that the towns that lost their local newspapers receded from democratic values and experienced the loss of public faith in the authorities.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Newspaper

Context: Opinions of other writers and readers are expressed in the "op-ed" ("opposite the editorial page") and "letters to the editors" sections of the paper. Some ways newspapers have tried to improve their credibility are: appointing ombudsmen, developing ethics policies and training, using more stringent corrections policies, communicating their processes and rationale with readers, and asking sources to review articles after publication.

Question: 世界で初めてオンライン版を発行した紙媒体中心の新聞社は何？


Harpsichord

Context: The harpsichord was most likely invented in the late Middle Ages. By the 16th century, harpsichord makers in Italy were making lightweight instruments with low string tension. A different approach was taken in the Southern Netherlands starting in the late 16th century, notably by the Ruckers family. Their harpsichords used a heavier construction and produced a more powerful and distinctive tone. They included the first harpsichords with two keyboards, used for transposition.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: Twentieth-century efforts to revive the harpsichord began with instruments that used piano technology, with heavy strings and metal frames. Starting in the middle of the 20th century, ideas about harpsichord making underwent a major change, when builders such as Frank Hubbard, William Dowd, and Martin Skowroneck sought to re-establish the building traditions of the Baroque period. Harpsichords of this type of historically informed building practice dominate the current scene.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: A particularly vivid effect is obtained when the strings plucked simultaneously are an octave apart. This is normally heard by the ear not as two pitches but as one: the sound of the higher string is blended with that of the lower one, and the ear hears the lower pitch, enriched in tonal quality by the additional strength in the upper harmonics of the note sounded by the higher string.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: The most flexible system is the French "shove coupler", in which the lower manual slides forward and backward. In the backward position, "dogs" attached to the upper surface of the lower manual engage the lower surface of the upper manual's keys. Depending on choice of keyboard and coupler position, the player can select any of the sets of jacks labeled in "figure 4" as A, or B and C, or all three.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: The English "dogleg" jack system (also used in Baroque Flanders) does not require a coupler. The jacks labeled A in Figure 5 have a "dogleg" shape that permits either keyboard to play A. If the player wishes to play the upper 8' from the upper manual only and not from the lower manual, a stop handle disengages the jacks labeled A and engages instead an alternative row of jacks called "lute stop" (not shown in the Figure). A lute stop is used to imitate the gentle sound of a plucked lute.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: The use of multiple manuals in a harpsichord was not originally provided for the flexibility in choosing which strings would sound, but rather for transposition of the instrument to play in different keys (see "History of the harpsichord").

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: The wooden case holds in position all of the important structural members: pinblock, soundboard, hitchpins, keyboard, and the jack action. It usually includes a solid bottom, and also internal bracing to maintain its form without warping under the tension of the strings. Cases vary greatly in weight and sturdiness: Italian harpsichords are often of light construction; heavier construction is found in the later Flemish instruments and those derived from them.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: Many harpsichords have a lid that can be raised, a cover for the keyboard, and a music stand for holding sheet music and scores.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: Harpsichords have been decorated in a great many different ways: with plain buff paint (e.g. some Flemish instruments), with paper printed with patterns, with leather or velvet coverings, with chinoiserie, or occasionally with highly elaborate painted artwork.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: The virginal is a smaller and simpler rectangular form of the harpsichord having only one string per note; the strings run parallel to the keyboard, which is on the long side of the case.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: A spinet is a harpsichord with the strings set at an angle (usually about 30 degrees) to the keyboard. The strings are too close together for the jacks to fit between them. Instead, the strings are arranged in pairs, and the jacks are in the larger gaps between the pairs. The two jacks in each gap face in opposite directions, and each plucks a string adjacent to the gap.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: The English diarist Samuel Pepys mentions his "tryangle" several times. This was not the percussion instrument that we call triangle today; rather, it was a name for octave-pitched spinets, which were triangular in shape.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: A clavicytherium is a harpsichord with the soundboard and strings mounted vertically facing the player, the same space-saving principle as an upright piano. In a clavicytherium, the jacks move horizontally without the assistance of gravity, so that clavicytherium actions are more complex than those of other harpsichords.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: The archicembalo, built in the 16th century, had an unusual keyboard layout, designed to accommodate variant tuning systems demanded by compositional practice and theoretical experimentation. More common were instruments with split sharps, also designed to accommodate the tuning systems of the time.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: The folding harpsichord was an instrument that could be folded up to make it more compact, thus facilitating travelling with it.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: On the whole, earlier harpsichords have smaller ranges than later ones, although there are many exceptions. The largest harpsichords have a range of just over five octaves, and the smallest have under four. Usually, the shortest keyboards were given extended range in the bass with a "short octave". The traditional pitch range for a 5-octave instrument is F1–F6 (FF–f‴).

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: Some modern instruments are built with keyboards that can shift sideways, allowing the player to align the mechanism with strings at either A = 415 Hz or A = 440 Hz. If a tuning other than equal temperament is used, the instrument requires retuning once the keyboard is shifted.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: The great bulk of the standard repertoire for the harpsichord was written during its first historical flowering, the Renaissance and Baroque eras.

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Harpsichord

Context: Two of the most prominent composers of the Classical era, Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), wrote harpsichord music. For both, the instrument featured in the earlier period of their careers,

Question: チェンバロには弦がいくつある？


Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan

Context: Frenchtown Charter Township is a charter township within Monroe County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 20,428 at the 2010 census.

Question: アメリカ合衆国ミシガン準州フレンチタウンの面積は？


Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan

Context: The township is bordered on the south by the city of Monroe. Sterling State Park and the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station are located within Frenchtown, and the township was the site of the Battle of Frenchtown during the War of 1812.

Question: アメリカ合衆国ミシガン準州フレンチタウンの面積は？


Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan

Context: During the War of 1812, the area was the site of the Battle of Frenchtown, in which 397 Americans were killed by the coalition of British Army and Native Americans; this was the highest number of American fatalities of any battle during the war. The battlefield site today is within the River Raisin National Battlefield Park, which was designated in 2009 and falls within the present-day city limits of Monroe.

Question: アメリカ合衆国ミシガン準州フレンチタウンの面積は？


Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan

Context: According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (3.01%) is water.

Question: アメリカ合衆国ミシガン準州フレンチタウンの面積は？


Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan

Context: There were 7,733 households, out of which 35.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.10.

Question: アメリカ合衆国ミシガン準州フレンチタウンの面積は？


Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan

Context: In the township the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

Question: アメリカ合衆国ミシガン準州フレンチタウンの面積は？


Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan

Context: The median income for a household in the township was $47,699, and the median income for a family was $54,032. Males had a median income of $44,338 versus $25,787 for females. The per capita income for the township was $21,335. About 4.9% of families and 7.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.4% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

Question: アメリカ合衆国ミシガン準州フレンチタウンの面積は？


Decompression sickness

Context: Since bubbles can form in or migrate to any part of the body, DCS can produce many symptoms, and its effects may vary from joint pain and rashes to paralysis and death. Individual susceptibility can vary from day to day, and different individuals under the same conditions may be affected differently or not at all. The classification of types of DCS according to symptoms has evolved since its original description in the 19th century. The severity of symptoms varies from barely noticeable to rapidly fatal.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Although onset of DCS can occur rapidly after a dive, in more than half of all cases symptoms do not begin to appear for at least an hour. In extreme cases, symptoms may occur before the dive has been completed. The U.S. Navy and Technical Diving International, a leading technical diver training organization, have published a table that documents time to onset of first symptoms. The table does not differentiate between types of DCS, or types of symptom.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: DCS is caused by a reduction in ambient pressure that results in the formation of bubbles of inert gases within tissues of the body. It may happen when leaving a high-pressure environment, ascending from depth, or ascending to altitude.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Even when the change in pressure causes no immediate symptoms, rapid pressure change can cause permanent bone injury called dysbaric osteonecrosis (DON). DON can develop from a single exposure to rapid decompression.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: When workers leave a pressurized caisson or a mine that has been pressurized to keep water out, they will experience a significant reduction in ambient pressure. A similar pressure reduction occurs when astronauts exit a space vehicle to perform a space-walk or extra-vehicular activity, where the pressure in their spacesuit is lower than the pressure in the vehicle.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: The most common health risk on ascent to altitude is not decompression sickness but altitude sickness, or acute mountain sickness (AMS), which has an entirely different and unrelated set of causes and symptoms. AMS results not from the formation of bubbles from dissolved gasses in the body but from exposure to a low partial pressure of oxygen and alkalosis. However, passengers in unpressurized aircraft at high altitude may also be at some risk of DCS.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: The following individual factors have been identified as possibly contributing to increased risk of DCS:

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: The main inert gas in air is nitrogen, but nitrogen is not the only gas that can cause DCS. Breathing gas mixtures such as trimix and heliox include helium, which can also cause decompression sickness. Helium both enters and leaves the body faster than nitrogen, so different decompression schedules are required, but, since helium does not cause narcosis, it is preferred over nitrogen in gas mixtures for deep diving.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: There is some debate as to the decompression requirements for helium during short-duration dives. Most divers do longer decompressions; however, some groups like the WKPP have been experimenting with the use of shorter decompression times by including deep stops.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Any inert gas that is breathed under pressure can form bubbles when the ambient pressure decreases. Very deep dives have been made using hydrogen-oxygen mixtures (hydrox), but controlled decompression is still required to avoid DCS.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Once microbubbles have formed, they can grow by either a reduction in pressure or by diffusion of gas into the gas from its surroundings. In the body, bubbles may be located within tissues or carried along with the bloodstream. The speed of blood flow within a blood vessel and the rate of delivery of blood to capillaries (perfusion) are the main factors that determine whether dissolved gas is taken up by tissue bubbles or circulation bubbles for bubble growth.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Bubble size and growth may be affected by several factors - gas exchange with adjacent tissues, the presence of surfactants, coalescence and disintegration by collision. Vascular bubbles may cause direct blockage, aggregate platelets and red blood cells, and trigger the coagulation process, causing local and downstream clotting.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Following the acute changes there is an invasion of lipid phagocytes and degeneration of adjacent neural fibres with vascular hyperplasia at the edges of the infarcts. The lipid phagocytes are later replaced by a cellular reaction of astrocytes. Vessels in surrounding areas remain patent but are collagenised. Distribution of spinal cord lesions may be related to vascular supply. There is still uncertainty regarding the aetiology of decompression sickness damage to the spinal cord.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Diagnosis of decompression sickness relies almost entirely on clinical presentation, as there are no laboratory tests that can incontrovertibly confirm or reject the diagnosis. Various blood tests have been proposed, but they are not specific for decompression sickness, they of uncertain utility and are not in general use.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Symptoms of DCS and arterial gas embolism can be virtually indistinguishable. The most reliable way to tell the difference is based on the dive profile followed, as the probability of DCS depends on duration of exposure and magnitude of pressure, whereas AGE depends entirely on the performance of the ascent. In many cases it is not possible to distinguish between the two, but as the treatment is the same in such cases it does not usually matter.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Other conditions which may be confused with DCS include skin symptoms "cutis marmorata" due to DCS and skin barotrauma due to dry suit squeeze, for which no treatment is necessary. Dry suit squeeze produces lines of redness with possible bruising where the skin was pinched between folds of the suit, while the mottled effect of "cutis marmorata" is usually on skin where there is subcutaneous fat, and has no linear pattern.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Transient episodes of severe neurological incapacitation with rapid spontaneous recovery shortly after a dive may be attributed to hypothermia, but may be symptomatic of short term CNS involvement, which may have residual problems or relapses. These cases are thought to be under-diagnosed.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Inner ear DCS can be confused with alternobaric vertigo and reverse squeeze. The history of difficulty in equalising during the dive makes ear barotrauma more likely, but does not always eliminate the possibility of inner ear DCS, which is associated with deep, mixed gas dives with decompression stops.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: The decompression schedule may be derived from decompression tables, decompression software, or from dive computers, and these are generally based upon a mathematical model of the body's uptake and release of inert gas as pressure changes. These models, such as the Bühlmann decompression algorithm, are modified to fit empirical data and provide a decompression schedule for a given depth and dive duration using a specified breathing gas mixture.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Pure aviator oxygen which has moisture removed to prevent freezing of valves at altitude is readily available and routinely used in general aviation mountain flying and at high altitudes. Most small general aviation aircraft are not pressurized, therefore oxygen use is an FAA requirement at higher altitudes.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Although pure oxygen pre-breathing is an effective method to protect against altitude DCS, it is logistically complicated and expensive for the protection of civil aviation flyers, either commercial or private. Therefore, it is currently used only by military flight crews and astronauts for protection during high-altitude and space operations. It is also used by flight test crews involved with certifying aircraft, and may also be used for high-altitude parachute jumps.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Astronauts aboard the International Space Station preparing for extra-vehicular activity (EVA) "camp out" at low atmospheric pressure, , spending eight sleeping hours in the Quest airlock chamber before their spacewalk. During the EVA they breathe 100% oxygen in their spacesuits, which operate at , although research has examined the possibility of using 100% O2 at in the suits to lessen the pressure reduction, and hence the risk of DCS.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Recompression on air was shown to be an effective treatment for minor DCS symptoms by Keays in 1909. Evidence of the effectiveness of recompression therapy utilizing oxygen was first shown by Yarbrough and Behnke, and has since become the standard of care for treatment of DCS. Recompression is normally carried out in a recompression chamber. At a dive site, a riskier alternative is in-water recompression.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Oxygen first aid has been used as an emergency treatment for diving injuries for years. If given within the first four hours of surfacing, it increases the success of recompression therapy as well as decreasing the number of recompression treatments required. Most fully closed-circuit diving rebreathers can deliver sustained high concentrations of oxygen-rich breathing gas and could be used as a means of supplying oxygen if dedicated equipment is not available.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Immediate treatment with 100% oxygen, followed by recompression in a hyperbaric chamber, will in most cases result in no long-term effects. However, permanent long-term injury from DCS is possible. Three-month follow-ups on diving accidents reported to DAN in 1987 showed 14.3% of the 268 divers surveyed had ongoing symptoms of Type II DCS, and 7% from Type I DCS. Long-term follow-ups showed similar results, with 16% having permanent neurological sequelae.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: For joint pain, the likely tissues affected depend on the symptoms, and the urgency of hyperbaric treatment will depend largely on the tissues involved.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: Around 2013, Honduras had the highest number of decompression-related deaths and disabilities in the world, caused by unsafe practices in lobster diving among the indigenous Miskito people, who face great economic pressures. At that time it was estimated that in the country over 2000 divers had been injured and 300 others had died since the 1970s.

Question: 潜水病toha


Decompression sickness

Context: In the United Kingdom, treatment of DCS is provided by the National Health Service. This may occur either at a specialised facility or at a hyperbaric centre based within a general hospital.

Question: 潜水病toha


Dinosaur size

Context: Size is an important aspect of dinosaur paleontology, of interest to both the general public and professional scientists. Dinosaurs show some of the most extreme variations in size of any land animal group, ranging from tiny hummingbirds, which can weigh as little as two grams, to the extinct titanosaurs, which could weigh as much as .

Question: 一番身長が高いとされている恐竜はなんですか？


Dinosaur size

Context: The smallest non-avialan theropod known from adult specimens may be "Anchiornis huxleyi", at in weight and in length. However, some studies suggest that "Anchiornis" was actually an avialan. The smallest dinosaur known from adult specimens which is definitely not an avialan is "Parvicursor remotus", at and measuring long. Among living dinosaurs, the bee hummingbird ("Mellisuga helenae") is smallest at and long.

Question: 一番身長が高いとされている恐竜はなんですか？


Dinosaur size

Context: Recent theories propose that theropod body size shrank continuously over the past 50 million years, from an average of down to , as they eventually evolved into modern birds. This is based on evidence that theropods were the only dinosaurs to get continuously smaller, and that their skeletons changed four times faster than those of most other dinosaur species.

Question: 一番身長が高いとされている恐竜はなんですか？


Dinosaur size

Context: Generally, the giant sauropods can be divided into two categories: the shorter but stockier and more massive forms (mainly titanosaurs and some brachiosaurids), and the longer but slenderer and more light-weight forms (mainly diplodocids).

Question: 一番身長が高いとされている恐竜はなんですか？


Dinosaur size

Context: Because different methods of estimation sometimes give conflicting results, mass estimates for sauropods can vary widely causing disagreement among scientists over the accurate number. For example, the titanosaur "Dreadnoughtus" was originally estimated to weigh 59.3 tonnes by the allometric scaling of limb-bone proportions, whereas more recent estimates, based on three-dimensional reconstructions, yield a much smaller figure of 22.1–38.2 tonnes.

Question: 一番身長が高いとされている恐竜はなんですか？


Dinosaur size

Context: Sizes are given with a range, where possible, of estimates that have not been contradicted by more recent studies. In cases where a range of currently accepted estimates exist, sources are given for the sources with the lowest and highest estimates, respectively, and only the highest values are given if these individual sources give a range of estimates.

Question: 一番身長が高いとされている恐竜はなんですか？


Genetic testing

Context: Routine newborn screening tests are done on a small blood sample obtained by pricking the baby's heel with a lancet.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: The physical risks associated with most genetic tests are very small, particularly for those tests that require only a blood sample or buccal smear (a procedure that samples cells from the inside surface of the cheek). The procedures used for prenatal testing carry a small but non-negligible risk of losing the pregnancy (miscarriage) because they require a sample of amniotic fluid or tissue from around the fetus.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Another limitation to genetic testing for a hereditary linked cancer, is the variants of unknown clinical significance. Because the human genome has over 22,000 genes, there are 3.5 million variants in the average person's genome. These variants of unknown clinical significance means there is a change in the DNA sequence, however the increase for cancer is unclear because it is unknown if the change affects the gene's function.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: A genetics professional can explain in detail the benefits, risks, and limitations of a particular test. It is important that any person who is considering genetic testing understand and weigh these factors before making a decision.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Other risks include incidental findings—a discovery of some possible problem found while looking for something else. In 2013 the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) that certain genes always be included any time a genomic sequencing was done, and that labs should report the results.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: DTC genetic testing has been controversial due to outspoken opposition within the medical community. Critics of DTC testing argue against the risks involved, the unregulated advertising and marketing claims, the potential reselling of genetic data to third parties, and the overall lack of governmental oversight.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: DTC testing involves many of the same risks associated with any genetic test. One of the more obvious and dangerous of these is the possibility of misreading of test results. Without professional guidance, consumers can potentially misinterpret genetic information, causing them to be deluded about their personal health.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Ancestry.com, a company providing DTC DNA tests for genealogy purposes, has reportedly allowed the warrantless search of their database by police investigating a murder. The warrantless search led to a search warrant to force the gathering of a DNA sample from a New Orleans filmmaker; however he turned out not to be a match for the suspected killer.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: As part of its healthcare system, Estonia is offering all of its residents genome-wide genotyping. This will be translated into personalized reports for use in everyday medical practice via the national e-health portal.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: The aim is to minimise health problems by warning participants most at risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It is also hoped that participants who are given early warnings will adopt healthier lifestyles or take preventative drugs.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: With regard to genetic testing and information in general, legislation in the United States called the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act prohibits group health plans and health insurers from denying coverage to a healthy individual or charging that person higher premiums based solely on a genetic predisposition to developing a disease in the future. The legislation also bars employers from using individuals’ genetic information when making hiring, firing, job placement, or promotion decisions.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Although GINA protects against genetic discrimination, Section 210 of the law states that once the disease has manifested, employers can use the medical information and not be in violation of the law, even if the condition has a genetic basis. The legislation, the first of its kind in the United States, was passed by the United States Senate on April 24, 2008, on a vote of 95–0, and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on May 21, 2008. It went into effect on November 21, 2009.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: In June 2013 the US Supreme Court issued two rulings on human genetics. The Court struck down patents on human genes, opening up competition in the field of genetic testing. The Supreme Court also ruled that police were allowed to collect DNA from people arrested for serious offenses.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Effective as of 25 May 2018, companies that process genetic data must abide by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The GDPR is a set of rules/regulations that helps an individual take control of their data information that is collected, used and stored digitally or in a structured filing system on paper, and restricts a company's use of personal data. The regulation also applies to companies who offer products/services outside of the EU.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Within the framework of this program, it is also planned to include the peoples of neighboring countries, which are the main source of migration, into the genogeographic study on the basis of existing collections.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Some possible future ethical problems of genetic testing were considered in the science fiction film "Gattaca", the novel "Next", and the science fiction anime series "Gundam Seed". Also, some films which include the topic of genetic testing include "The Island", "", and the "Resident Evil" series.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Three to five percent of the funding available for the Human Genome Project was set aside to study the many social, ethical, and legal implications that will result from the better understanding of human heredity the rapid expansion of genetic risk assessment by genetic testing which would be facilitated by this project.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Histocompatibility testing guideline states that it's permissible for children of all ages to have tissue compatibility testing for immediate family members but only after the psychosocial, emotional and physical implications has been explored. With a donor advocate or similar mechanism should be in place to protect the minors from coercion and to safeguard the interest of said minor.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Both AAP and ACMG discourage the use of direct-to-consumer and home kit genetic because of the accuracy, interpretation and oversight of test content.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: AAP and ACMG state any type of predictive genetic testing for all types is best offer with genetic counseling being offer by Clinical genetics, genetic counselors or health care providers.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: Israel uses DNA testing to determine if people are eligible for immigration. The policy where "many Jews from the Former Soviet Union (‘FSU’) are asked to provide DNA confirmation of their Jewish heritage in the form of paternity tests in order to immigrate as Jews and become citizens under Israel's Law of Return" has generated controversy.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: The cost of genetic testing can range from under $100 to more than $2,000. This depends on the complexity of the test. The cost will increase if more than one test is necessary or if multiple family members are getting tested to obtain additional results. Costs can vary by state and some states cover part of the total cost.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Genetic testing

Context: From the date that a sample is taken, results may take weeks to months, depending upon the complexity and extent of the tests being performed. Results for prenatal testing are usually available more quickly because time is an important consideration in making decisions about a pregnancy. Prior to the testing, the doctor or genetic counselor who is requesting a particular test can provide specific information about the cost and time frame associated with that test.

Question: 遺伝子はどのように確認することが出来る


Day trading

Context: Some of the more commonly day-traded financial instruments are stocks, options, currency (including cryptocurrency), contracts for difference, and futures contracts such as stock market index futures, interest rate futures, currency futures and commodity futures.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Day trading was once an activity that was exclusive to financial firms and professional speculators. Many day traders are bank or investment firm employees working as specialists in equity investment and investment management. Day trading gained popularity after the deregulation of commissions in the United States in 1975, the advent of electronic trading platforms in the 1990s, and with the stock price volatility during the dot-com bubble.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Some day traders use an intra-day technique known as scalping that has the trader holding a position briefly, for a few minutes to only seconds.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Day traders may be professionals that work for large financial institutions, are trained by other professionals or mentors, do not use their own capital, or receive a base salary of approximately $50,000 to $70,000 as well as the possibility for bonuses of 10%–30% of the profits realized. Individuals can day trade with as little as $100, or even less, with fractional shares.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Because of the nature of financial leverage and the rapid returns that are possible, day trading results can range from extremely profitable to extremely unprofitable; high-risk profile traders can generate either huge percentage returns or huge percentage losses.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: A 2019 research paper analyzed the performance of individual day traders in the Brazilian equity futures market. Based on trading records from 2012 to 2017, it was concluded that day trading is almost uniformly unprofitable:

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: An article in "Forbes" quoting someone from an educational trading website stated that "the success rate for day traders is estimated to be around only 10%, so ... 90% are losing money," adding "only 1% of [day] traders "really" make money."

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Day trading requires a sound and rehearsed method to provide a statistical edge on each trade and should not be engaged on a whim.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: The following are several basic trading strategies by which day traders attempt to make profits. In addition, some day traders also use contrarian investing strategies (more commonly seen in algorithmic trading) to trade specifically against irrational behavior from day traders using the approaches below. It is important for a trader to remain flexible and adjust techniques to match changing market conditions.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Trend following, or momentum trading, is a strategy used in all trading time-frames, assumes that financial instruments which have been rising steadily will continue to rise, and vice versa with falling. Traders can profit by buying an instrument which has been rising, or short selling a falling one, in the expectation that the trend will continue. These traders use technical analysis to identify trends.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Contrarian investing is a market timing strategy used in all trading time-frames. It assumes that financial instruments that have been rising steadily will reverse and start to fall, and vice versa. The contrarian trader buys an instrument which has been falling, or short-sells a rising one, in the expectation that the trend will change.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Scalping was originally referred to as spread trading. Scalping is a trading style where small price gaps created by the bid–ask spread are exploited by the speculator. It normally involves establishing and liquidating a position quickly, usually within minutes or even seconds.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Market-neutral trading is a strategy that is designed to mitigate risk in which a trader takes a long position in one security and a short position in another security that is related.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: It is estimated that more than 75% of stock trades in United States are generated by algorithmic trading or high-frequency trading. The increased use of algorithms and quantitative techniques has led to more competition and smaller profits. Algorithmic trading is used by banks and hedge funds as well as retail traders. Retail traders can buy commercially available automated trading systems or develop their own automatic trading software.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Commissions for direct access trading, such as that offered by Interactive Brokers are calculated based on volume, and are usually 0.5 cents per share or $0.25 per futures contract. The more shares traded, the cheaper the commission. Most brokers in the United States, especially those that receive payment for order flow do not charge commissions.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: The numerical difference between the bid and ask prices is referred to as the bid–ask spread. Most worldwide markets operate on a bid-ask-based system.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: The ask prices are immediate execution (market) prices for quick buyers (ask takers) while bid prices are for quick sellers (bid takers). If a trade is executed at quoted prices, closing the trade immediately without queuing would always cause a loss because the bid price is always less than the ask price at any point in time.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: The bid–ask spread is two sides of the same coin. The spread can be viewed as trading bonuses or costs according to different parties and different strategies. On one hand, traders who do NOT wish to queue their order, instead paying the market price, pay the spreads (costs). On the other hand, traders who wish to queue and wait for execution receive the spreads (bonuses). Some day trading strategies attempt to capture the spread as additional, or even the only, profits for successful trades.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Before 1975, stockbrokerage commissions in the United States were fixed at 1% of the amount of the trade, i.e. to purchase $10,000 worth of stock cost the buyer $100 in commissions and same 1% to sell and traders had to make "over" 2% to cover their costs, which was not likely in a single trading day.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: In 1975, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) made fixed commission rates illegal and commission rates dropped significantly.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: Electronic communication networks (ECNs), large proprietary computer networks on which brokers can list a certain amount of securities to sell at a certain price (the asking price or "ask") or offer to buy a certain amount of securities at a certain price (the "bid"), first became a factor with the launch of Instinet in 1969. However, at first, they generally offered better pricing to large traders.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: After Black Monday (1987), the SEC adopted "Order Handling Rules" which required market makers to publish their best bid and ask on the NASDAQ.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: In the late 1990s, existing ECNs began to offer their services to small investors. New ECNs arose, most importantly Archipelago (NYSE Arca) Instinet, SuperDot, and Island ECN. Archipelago eventually became a stock exchange and in 2005 was purchased by the NYSE.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？


Day trading

Context: In March 2000, this bubble burst, and many less-experienced day traders began to lose money as fast, or faster, than they had made during the buying frenzy. The NASDAQ crashed from 5000 back to 1200; many of the less-experienced traders went broke, although obviously it was possible to have made a fortune during that time by short selling or playing on volatility.

Question: デイトレードはリスクが高い？