Apollo 11

Context: The Apollo 11 prime crew had none of the close cheerful camaraderie characterized by that of Apollo 12. Instead, they forged an amiable working relationship. Armstrong in particular was notoriously aloof, but Collins, who considered himself a loner, confessed to rebuffing Aldrin's attempts to create a more personal relationship. Aldrin and Collins described the crew as "amiable strangers". Armstrong did not agree with the assessment, and said "... all the crews I was on worked very well together."

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The backup crew consisted of Lovell as Commander, William Anders as CMP, and Haise as LMP. Anders had flown with Lovell on Apollo8. In early 1969, he accepted a job with the National Aeronautics and Space Council effective August 1969, and announced he would retire as an astronaut at that time. Ken Mattingly was moved from the support crew into parallel training with Anders as backup CMP in case Apollo 11 was delayed past its intended July launch date, at which point Anders would be unavailable.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: By the normal crew rotation in place during Apollo, Lovell, Mattingly, and Haise were scheduled to fly on Apollo 14 after backing up for Apollo 11. Later, Lovell's crew was forced to switch places with Alan Shepard's tentative Apollo 13 crew to give Shepard more training time.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The capsule communicator (CAPCOM) was an astronaut at the Mission Control Center in Houston, Texas, who was the only person who communicated directly with the flight crew. For Apollo 11, the CAPCOMs were: Charles Duke, Ronald Evans, Bruce McCandless II, James Lovell, William Anders, Ken Mattingly, Fred Haise, Don L. Lind, Owen K. Garriott and Harrison Schmitt.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: An illustrator at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) did the artwork, which was then sent off to NASA officials for approval. The design was rejected. Bob Gilruth, the director of the MSC felt the talons of the eagle looked "too warlike". After some discussion, the olive branch was moved to the talons. When the Eisenhower dollar coin was released in 1971, the patch design provided the eagle for its reverse side. The design was also used for the smaller Susan B. Anthony dollar unveiled in 1979.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: After the crew of Apollo 10 named their spacecraft "Charlie Brown" and "Snoopy", assistant manager for public affairs Julian Scheer wrote to George Low, the Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office at the MSC, to suggest the Apollo 11 crew be less flippant in naming their craft. The name "Snowcone" was used for the CM and "Haystack" was used for the LM in both internal and external communications during early mission planning.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The LM was named "Eagle" after the motif which was featured prominently on the mission insignia. At Scheer's suggestion, the CM was named "Columbia" after "Columbiad", the giant cannon that launched a spacecraft (also from Florida) in Jules Verne's 1865 novel "From the Earth to the Moon". It also referred to Columbia, a historical name of the United States. In Collins' 1976 book, he said "Columbia" was in reference to Christopher Columbus.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The astronauts had personal preference kits (PPKs), small bags containing personal items of significance they wanted to take with them on the mission. Five PPKs were carried on Apollo 11: three (one for each astronaut) were stowed on "Columbia" before launch, and two on "Eagle".

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: Neil Armstrong's LM PPK contained a piece of wood from the Wright brothers' 1903 "Wright Flyer"s left propeller and a piece of fabric from its wing, along with a diamond-studded astronaut pin originally given to Slayton by the widows of the Apollo1 crew. This pin had been intended to be flown on that mission and given to Slayton afterwards, but following the disastrous launch pad fire and subsequent funerals, the widows gave the pin to Slayton. Armstrong took it with him on Apollo 11.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: Areas that appeared promising on photographs taken on Earth were often found to be totally unacceptable. The original requirement that the site be free of craters had to be relaxed, as no such site was found. Five sites were considered: Sites1 and2 were in the Sea of Tranquility ("Mare Tranquillitatis"); Site3 was in the Central Bay ("Sinus Medii"); and Sites4 and5 were in the Ocean of Storms ("Oceanus Procellarum").

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The requirement for the Sun angle was particularly restrictive, limiting the launch date to one day per month. A landing just after dawn was chosen to limit the temperature extremes the astronauts would experience. The Apollo Site Selection Board selected Site2, with Sites 3and5 as backups in the event of the launch being delayed. In May 1969, Apollo 10's lunar module flew to within of Site2, and reported it was acceptable.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: During the first press conference after the Apollo 11 crew was announced, the first question was, "Which one of you gentlemen will be the first man to step onto the lunar surface?" Slayton told the reporter it had not been decided, and Armstrong added that it was "not based on individual desire".

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The media accused Armstrong of exercising his commander's prerogative to exit the spacecraft first. Chris Kraft revealed in his 2001 autobiography that a meeting occurred between Gilruth, Slayton, Low, and himself to make sure Aldrin would not be the first to walk on the Moon. They argued that the first person to walk on the Moon should be like Charles Lindbergh, a calm and quiet person. They made the decision to change the flight plan so the commander was the first to egress from the spacecraft.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: At 12:52:00 UTC on July 20, Aldrin and Armstrong entered "Eagle", and began the final preparations for lunar descent. At 17:44:00 "Eagle" separated from "Columbia". Collins, alone aboard "Columbia", inspected "Eagle" as it pirouetted before him to ensure the craft was not damaged, and that the landing gear was correctly deployed. Armstrong exclaimed: "The "Eagle" has wings!"

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: ACA was the Attitude Control Assembly—the LM's control stick. Output went to the LGC to command the reaction control system (RCS) jets to fire. "Out of Detent" meant the stick had moved away from its centered position; it was spring-centered like the turn indicator in a car. LGC address 413 contained the variable that indicated the LM had landed.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: Preparations for Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to walk on the Moon began at 23:43. These took longer than expected; three and a half hours instead of two. During training on Earth, everything required had been neatly laid out in advance, but on the Moon the cabin contained a large number of other items as well, such as checklists, food packets, and tools. Six hours and thirty-nine minutes after landing Armstrong and Aldrin were ready to go outside, and "Eagle" was depressurized.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: After describing the surface dust as "very fine-grained" and "almost like a powder", at 02:56:15, six and a half hours after landing, Armstrong stepped off "Eagle" footpad and declared: "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind."

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: While on the surface, Armstrong uncovered a plaque mounted on the LM ladder, bearing two drawings of Earth (of the Western and Eastern Hemispheres), an inscription, and signatures of the astronauts and President Nixon. The inscription read:

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: At the behest of the Nixon administration to add a reference to God, NASA included the vague date as a reason to include A.D., which stands for Anno Domini, "in the year of our Lord" (although it should have been placed before the year, not after).

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: While moving inside the cabin, Aldrin accidentally damaged the circuit breaker that would arm the main engine for liftoff from the Moon. There was a concern this would prevent firing the engine, stranding them on the Moon. A felt-tip pen was sufficient to activate the switch.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: One of Collins' first tasks was to identify the lunar module on the ground. To give Collins an idea where to look, Mission Control radioed that they believed the lunar module landed about off target. Each time he passed over the suspected lunar landing site, he tried in vain to find the module. On his first orbits on the back side of the Moon, Collins performed maintenance activities such as dumping excess water produced by the fuel cells and preparing the cabin for Armstrong and Aldrin to return.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: "Eagle" rendezvoused with "Columbia" at 21:24 UTC on July 21, and the two docked at 21:35. "Eagle"s ascent stage was jettisoned into lunar orbit at 23:41. Just before the Apollo 12 flight, it was noted that "Eagle" was still likely to be orbiting the Moon. Later NASA reports mentioned that "Eagle" orbit had decayed, resulting in it impacting in an "uncertain location" on the lunar surface. In 2021, however, some calculations show that the lander may still be in orbit.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: On July 23, the last night before splashdown, the three astronauts made a television broadcast in which Collins commented:

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: On the return to Earth, a bearing at the Guam tracking station failed, potentially preventing communication on the last segment of the Earth return. A regular repair was not possible in the available time but the station director, Charles Force, had his ten-year-old son Greg use his small hands to reach into the housing and pack it with grease. Greg was later thanked by Armstrong.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: During splashdown, "Columbia" landed upside down but was righted within ten minutes by flotation bags activated by the astronauts. A diver from the Navy helicopter hovering above attached a sea anchor to prevent it from drifting. More divers attached flotation collars to stabilize the module and positioned rafts for astronaut extraction.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The three astronauts spoke before a joint session of Congress on September 16, 1969. They presented two US flags, one to the House of Representatives and the other to the Senate, that they had carried with them to the surface of the Moon. The flag of American Samoa on Apollo 11 is on display at the Jean P. Haydon Museum in Pago Pago, the capital of American Samoa.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: This celebration began a 38-day world tour that brought the astronauts to 22 foreign countries and included visits with the leaders of many countries. The crew toured from September 29 to November 5. Many nations honored the first human Moon landing with special features in magazines or by issuing Apollo 11 commemorative postage stamps or coins.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: Humans walking on the Moon and returning safely to Earth accomplished Kennedy's goal set eight years earlier. In Mission Control during the Apollo 11 landing, Kennedy's speech flashed on the screen, followed by the words "TASK ACCOMPLISHED, July 1969". The success of Apollo 11 demonstrated the United States' technological superiority; and with the success of Apollo 11, America had won the Space Race.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: New phrases permeated into the English language. "If they can send a man to the Moon, why can't they ...?" became a common saying following Apollo 11. Armstrong's words on the lunar surface also spun off various parodies.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The Apollo 11 landing is referenced in the songs "Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins" by The Byrds on the 1969 album "Ballad of Easy Rider" and "Coon on the Moon" by Howlin' Wolf on the 1973 album The Back Door Wolf.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The Passive Seismic Experiment ran until the command uplink failed on August 25, 1969. The downlink failed on December 14, 1969. , the Lunar Laser Ranging experiment remains operational.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: In 2015, after Armstrong died in 2012, his widow contacted the National Air and Space Museum to inform them she had found a white cloth bag in one of Armstrong's closets. The bag contained various items, which should have been left behind in the lunar module, including the 16mm Data Acquisition Camera that had been used to capture images of the first Moon landing. The camera is currently on display at the National Air and Space Museum.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: A group of British scientists interviewed as part of the anniversary events reflected on the significance of the Moon landing:

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: On June 10, 2015, Congressman Bill Posey introduced resolution H.R. 2726 to the 114th session of the United States House of Representatives directing the United States Mint to design and sell commemorative coins in gold, silver and clad for the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission. On January 24, 2019, the Mint released the Apollo 11 Fiftieth Anniversary commemorative coins to the public on its website.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: A documentary film, "Apollo 11", with restored footage of the 1969 event, premiered in IMAX on March 1, 2019, and broadly in theaters on March 8.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: The Smithsonian Institute's National Air and Space Museum and NASA sponsored the "Apollo 50 Festival" on the National Mall in Washington DC. The three day (July 18 to 20, 2019) outdoor festival featured hands-on exhibits and activities, live performances, and speakers such as Adam Savage and NASA scientists.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: On July 19, 2019, the Google Doodle paid tribute to the Apollo 11 Moon Landing, complete with a link to an animated YouTube video with voiceover by astronaut Michael Collins.

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Apollo 11

Context: In some of the following sources, times are shown in the format "hours:minutes:seconds" (e.g. 109:24:15), referring to the mission's Ground Elapsed Time (GET), based on the official launch time of July 16, 1969, 13:32:00 UTC (000:00:00 GET).

Question: అపోలో 11 ఉపగ్రహాన్ని ఏ సంవత్సరంలో ప్రయోగించారు ?


Presidencies and provinces of British India

Context: The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another, they existed between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods:

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు మొదటగా భారతదేశంలో ఏ ప్రాంతాన్ని ఆక్రమించారు?


Context: Portions of the Kingdom of Mysore were annexed to the Madras Presidency after the Third Anglo-Mysore War ended in 1792. Next, in 1799, after the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War more of his territory was annexed to the Madras Presidency. In 1801, Carnatic, which had been under the suzerainty of the company, began to be directly administered by it as a part of the Madras Presidency.

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు మొదటగా భారతదేశంలో ఏ ప్రాంతాన్ని ఆక్రమించారు?


Context: By 1851, the East India Company's vast and growing holdings across the sub-continent were still grouped into just four main territories:

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు మొదటగా భారతదేశంలో ఏ ప్రాంతాన్ని ఆక్రమించారు?


Context: By the time of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, and the end of Company rule, the developments could be summarised as follows:

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు మొదటగా భారతదేశంలో ఏ ప్రాంతాన్ని ఆక్రమించారు?


Context: The same two kinds of management applied for districts. Thus Ganjam and Vizagapatam were non-regulation districts. Non-regulation provinces included:

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు మొదటగా భారతదేశంలో ఏ ప్రాంతాన్ని ఆక్రమించారు?


Context: Upon the partition of British India into the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan, eleven provinces (Ajmer-Merwara-Kekri, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bihar, Bombay, Central Provinces and Berar, Coorg, Delhi, Madras, Panth-Piploda, Orissa, and the United Provinces) joined India, three (Baluchistan, North-West Frontier and Sindh) joined Pakistan, and three (Punjab, Bengal and Assam) were partitioned between India and Pakistan.

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు మొదటగా భారతదేశంలో ఏ ప్రాంతాన్ని ఆక్రమించారు?


Context: In 1950, after the new Indian constitution was adopted, the provinces in India were replaced by redrawn states and union territories. Pakistan, however, retained its five provinces, one of which, East Bengal, was renamed East Pakistan in 1956 and became the independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971.

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు మొదటగా భారతదేశంలో ఏ ప్రాంతాన్ని ఆక్రమించారు?


Buddhism by country

Context: This list of Buddhism by country shows the distribution of the Buddhist religion, practiced by about 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 7% to 8% of the world's total population.

Question: 2017 నాటికి బౌద్ధులు ఎక్కువగా ఉన్న దేశం ఏది?


Buddhism by country

Context: "Mahayana", also practised in broader East Asia, is followed by over half of the world's Buddhists. The second largest body of Buddhist schools is "Theravada", mostly followed in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. The third largest body of schools "Vajrayana", is followed mostly in Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Mongolia and parts of Russia, but is disseminated throughout the world. The fourth largest body of Buddhist schools is "Navayana", mostly followed in Maharashtra, India.

Question: 2017 నాటికి బౌద్ధులు ఎక్కువగా ఉన్న దేశం ఏది?


Buddhism by country

Context: According to scholar Peter Harvey, the number of adherents of Eastern Buddhism ("Mahayana") is 360 million, Southern Buddhism ("Theravada") 150 million, and Northern Buddhism ("Vajrayana") 18.2 million. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside Asia.

Question: 2017 నాటికి బౌద్ధులు ఎక్కువగా ఉన్న దేశం ఏది?


Chloroquine

Context: Common side effects include muscle problems, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and skin rash. Serious side effects include problems with vision, muscle damage, seizures, and low blood cell levels. Chloroquine is a member of the drug class 4-aminoquinoline. As an antimalarial, it works against the asexual form of the malaria parasite in the stage of its life cycle within the red blood cell. How it works in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus is unclear.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine has been used in the treatment and prevention of malaria from "Plasmodium vivax", "P. ovale", and "P. malariae". It is generally not used for "Plasmodium falciparum" as there is widespread resistance to it.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine has been extensively used in mass drug administrations, which may have contributed to the emergence and spread of resistance. It is recommended to check if chloroquine is still effective in the region prior to using it. In areas where resistance is present, other antimalarials, such as mefloquine or atovaquone, may be used instead. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend against treatment of malaria with chloroquine alone due to more effective combinations.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: In treatment of amoebic liver abscess, chloroquine may be used instead of or in addition to other medications in the event of failure of improvement with metronidazole or another nitroimidazole within 5 days or intolerance to metronidazole or a nitroimidazole.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: As it mildly suppresses the immune system, chloroquine is used in some autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and has an off label indication for lupus erythematosus.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Side effects include blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache, diarrhea, swelling legs/ankles, shortness of breath, pale lips/nails/skin, muscle weakness, easy bruising/bleeding, hearing and mental problems.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: There is not enough evidence to determine whether chloroquine is safe to be given to people aged 65 and older. Since it is cleared by the kidneys, toxicity should be monitored carefully in people with poor kidney functions.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine, in overdose, has a risk of death of about 20%. It is rapidly absorbed from the gut with an onset of symptoms generally within an hour. Symptoms of overdose may include sleepiness, vision changes, seizures, stopping of breathing, and heart problems such as ventricular fibrillation and low blood pressure. Low blood potassium may also occur.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: While the usual dose of chloroquine used in treatment is 10 mg/kg, toxicity begins to occur at 20 mg/kg, and death may occur at 30 mg/kg. In children as little as a single tablet can cause problems.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Treatment recommendations include early mechanical ventilation, cardiac monitoring, and activated charcoal. Intravenous fluids and vasopressors may be required with epinephrine being the vasopressor of choice. Seizures may be treated with benzodiazepines. Intravenous potassium chloride may be required, however this may result in high blood potassium later in the course of the disease. Dialysis has not been found to be useful.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Absorption of chloroquine is rapid and primarily happens in the gastrointestinal tract. It is widely distributed in body tissues. Protein binding in plasma ranges from 46% to 79%. Its metabolism is partially hepatic, giving rise to its main metabolite, desethylchloroquine. Its excretion is ≥50% as unchanged drug in urine, where acidification of urine increases its elimination. It has a very high volume of distribution, as it diffuses into the body's adipose tissue.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Accumulation of the drug may result in deposits that can lead to blurred vision and blindness. It and related quinines have been associated with cases of retinal toxicity, particularly when provided at higher doses for longer times. With long-term doses, routine visits to an ophthalmologist are recommended.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine is also a lysosomotropic agent, meaning it accumulates preferentially in the lysosomes of cells in the body. The pKa for the quinoline nitrogen of chloroquine is 8.5, meaning it is about 10% deprotonated at physiological pH (per the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation). This decreases to about 0.2% at a lysosomal pH of 4.6. Because the deprotonated form is more membrane-permeable than the protonated form, a quantitative "trapping" of the compound in lysosomes results.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: The lysosomotropic character of chloroquine is believed to account for much of its antimalarial activity; the drug concentrates in the acidic food vacuole of the parasite and interferes with essential processes. Its lysosomotropic properties further allow for its use for "in vitro" experiments pertaining to intracellular lipid related diseases, autophagy, and apoptosis.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Inside red blood cells, the malarial parasite, which is then in its asexual lifecycle stage, must degrade hemoglobin to acquire essential amino acids, which the parasite requires to construct its own protein and for energy metabolism. Digestion is carried out in a vacuole of the parasitic cell.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Hemoglobin is composed of a protein unit (digested by the parasite) and a heme unit (not used by the parasite). During this process, the parasite releases the toxic and soluble molecule heme. The heme moiety consists of a porphyrin ring called Fe(II)-protoporphyrin IX (FP). To avoid destruction by this molecule, the parasite biocrystallizes heme to form hemozoin, a nontoxic molecule. Hemozoin collects in the digestive vacuole as insoluble crystals.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Since the first documentation of "P. falciparum" chloroquine resistance in the 1950s, resistant strains have appeared throughout East and West Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America. The effectiveness of chloroquine against "P. falciparum" has declined as resistant strains of the parasite evolved.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Resistant parasites also frequently have mutation in the ABC transporter "P. falciparum" multidrug resistance ("PfMDR1") gene, although these mutations are thought to be of secondary importance compared to "PfCRT". An altered chloroquine-transporter protein, "CG2" has been associated with chloroquine resistance, but other mechanisms of resistance also appear to be involved.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, has been found to restore both the chloroquine concentration ability and sensitivity to this drug. Other agents which have been shown to reverse chloroquine resistance in malaria are chlorpheniramine, gefitinib, imatinib, tariquidar and zosuquidar.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: chloroquine is still effective against poultry malaria in Thailand. Sohsuebngarm et al. 2014 test "P. gallinaceum" at Chulalongkorn University and find the parasite is not resistant. Sertraline, fluoxetine and paroxetine reverse chloroquine resistance, making resistant biotypes susceptible if used in a cotreatment.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine has antiviral effects against some viruses. It increases late endosomal and lysosomal pH, resulting in impaired release of the virus from the endosome or lysosome – release of the virus requires a low pH. The virus is therefore unable to release its genetic material into the cell and replicate.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine also seems to act as a zinc ionophore that allows extracellular zinc to enter the cell and inhibit viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Against rheumatoid arthritis, it operates by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation, phospholipase A2, antigen presentation in dendritic cells, release of enzymes from lysosomes, release of reactive oxygen species from macrophages, and production of IL-1.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: In Peru, the indigenous people extracted the bark of the "Cinchona" tree ("Cinchona officinalis") and used the extract to fight chills and fever in the seventeenth century. In 1633 this herbal medicine was introduced in Europe, where it was given the same use and also began to be used against malaria. The quinoline antimalarial drug quinine was isolated from the extract in 1820.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: The first synthesis of chloroquine was disclosed in a patent filed by IG Farben in 1937. In the final step, 4,7-dichloroquinoline was reacted with 1-diethylamino-4-aminopentane.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine comes in tablet form as the phosphate, sulfate, and hydrochloride salts. Chloroquine is usually dispensed as the phosphate.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine, in various chemical forms, is used to treat and control surface growth of anemones and algae, and many protozoan infections in aquariums, e.g. the fish parasite "Amyloodinium ocellatum". It is also used in poultry malaria.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine was proposed as a treatment for SARS, with "in vitro" tests inhibiting the SARS-CoV virus. In October 2004, a published report stated that chloroquine acts as an effective inhibitor of the replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in vitro. In August 2005, a peer-reviewed study confirmed and expanded upon the results.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: Chloroquine was being considered in 2003, in pre-clinical models as a potential agent against chikungunya fever.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Chloroquine

Context: The radiosensitizing and chemosensitizing properties of chloroquine are being evaluated for anticancer strategies in humans. In biomedicinal science, chloroquine is used for "in vitro" experiments to inhibit lysosomal degradation of protein products. Chloroquine and its modified forms have also been evaluated as treatment options for inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Question: మలేరియా వ్యాధి కి మందు కనిపెట్టిన శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Airplane

Context: Following its limited use in World War I, aircraft technology continued to develop. Airplanes had a presence in all the major battles of World War II. The first jet aircraft was the German Heinkel He 178 in 1939. The first jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet, was introduced in 1952. The Boeing 707, the first widely successful commercial jet, was in commercial service for more than 50 years, from 1958 to at least 2013.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: First attested in English in the late 19th century (prior to the first sustained powered flight), the word "airplane", like "aeroplane", derives from the French "aéroplane", which comes from the Greek ἀήρ ("aēr"), "air" and either Latin "planus", "level", or Greek πλάνος ("planos"), "wandering". "Aéroplane" originally referred just to the wing, as it is a plane moving through the air. In an example of synecdoche, the word for the wing came to refer to the entire aircraft.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: In the United States and Canada, the term "airplane" is used for powered fixed-wing aircraft. In the United Kingdom and most of the Commonwealth, the term "aeroplane" () is usually applied to these aircraft.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Many stories from antiquity involve flight, such as the Greek legend of Icarus and Daedalus, and the Vimana in ancient Indian epics. Around 400 BC in Greece, Archytas was reputed to have designed and built the first artificial, self-propelled flying device, a bird-shaped model propelled by a jet of what was probably steam, said to have flown some . This machine may have been suspended for its flight.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Some of the earliest recorded attempts with gliders were those by the 9th-century Andalusian and Arabic-language poet Abbas ibn Firnas and the 11th-century English monk Eilmer of Malmesbury; both experiments injured their pilots. Leonardo da Vinci researched the wing design of birds and designed a man-powered aircraft in his "Codex on the Flight of Birds" (1502), noting for the first time the distinction between the center of mass and the center of pressure of flying birds.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Sir Hiram Maxim built a craft that weighed 3.5 tons, with a wingspan that was powered by two steam engines driving two propellers. In 1894, his machine was tested with overhead rails to prevent it from rising. The test showed that it had enough lift to take off. The craft was uncontrollable and it is presumed that Maxim realized this because he subsequently abandoned work on it.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: In the 1890s, Lawrence Hargrave conducted research on wing structures and developed a box kite that lifted the weight of a man. His box kite designs were widely adopted. Although he also developed a type of rotary aircraft engine, he did not create and fly a powered fixed-wing aircraft.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: In 1906, the Brazilian Alberto Santos-Dumont made what was claimed to be the first airplane flight unassisted by catapult and set the first world record recognized by the Aéro-Club de France by flying in less than 22 seconds. This flight was also certified by the FAI.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: An early aircraft design that brought together the modern monoplane tractor configuration was the Blériot VIII design of 1908. It had movable tail surfaces controlling both yaw and pitch, a form of roll control supplied either by wing warping or by ailerons and controlled by its pilot with a joystick and rudder bar. It was an important predecessor of his later Blériot XI Channel-crossing aircraft of the summer of 1909.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: World War I served as a testbed for the use of the airplane as a weapon. Airplanes demonstrated their potential as mobile observation platforms, then proved themselves to be machines of war capable of causing casualties to the enemy. The earliest known aerial victory with a synchronized machine gun-armed fighter aircraft occurred in 1915, by German Luftstreitkräfte "Leutnant" Kurt Wintgens. Fighter aces appeared; the greatest (by number of Aerial Combat victories) was Manfred von Richthofen.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Following WWI, aircraft technology continued to develop. Alcock and Brown crossed the Atlantic non-stop for the first time in 1919. The first international commercial flights took place between the United States and Canada in 1919.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Airplanes had a presence in all the major battles of World War II. They were an essential component of the military strategies of the period, such as the German Blitzkrieg, The Battle of Britain, and the American and Japanese aircraft carrier campaigns of the Pacific War.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: The first practical jet aircraft was the German Heinkel He 178, which was tested in 1939. In 1943, the Messerschmitt Me 262, the first operational jet fighter aircraft, went into service in the German Luftwaffe.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: The first jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet, was introduced in 1952. The Boeing 707, the first widely successful commercial jet, was in commercial service for more than 50 years, from 1958 to 2010. The Boeing 747 was the world's biggest passenger aircraft from 1970 until it was surpassed by the Airbus A380 in 2005.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Supersonic airliner flights, including those of the Concorde, have been limited to over-water flight at supersonic speed because of their sonic boom, which is prohibited over most populated land areas. The high cost of operation per passenger-mile and a deadly crash in 2000 induced the operators of the Concorde to remove it from service.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: A turboprop gas turbine engine consists of an intake, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling nozzle, which provide power from a shaft through a reduction gearing to the propeller. The propelling nozzle provides a relatively small proportion of the thrust generated by a turboprop.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: An electric aircraft runs on electric motors with electricity coming from fuel cells, solar cells, ultracapacitors, power beaming, or batteries. Currently, flying electric aircraft are mostly experimental prototypes, including manned and unmanned aerial vehicles, but there are some production models on the market.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Most jet aircraft use turbofan jet engines, which employ a gas turbine to drive a ducted fan, which accelerates air "around" the turbine to provide thrust in addition to that which is accelerated "through" the turbine. The ratio of air passing around the turbine to that passing through is called the by-pass ratio. They represent a compromise between turbojet (with no bypass) and turboprop forms of aircraft propulsion (primarily powered with bypass air).

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: A scramjet is a specialized ramjet that uses internal supersonic airflow to compress, combine with fuel, combust and accelerate the exhaust to provide thrust. The engine operates at supersonic speeds only. The NASA X-43, an experimental unmanned scramjet, set a world speed record in 2004 for a jet-powered aircraft with a speed of Mach 9.7, nearly .

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Whereas jet aircraft use the atmosphere both as a source of oxidant and of mass to accelerate reactively behind the aircraft, rocket aircraft carry the oxidizer on board and accelerate the burned fuel and oxidizer backwards as the sole source of mass for reaction. Liquid fuel and oxidizer may be pumped into a combustion chamber or a solid fuel with oxidizer may burn in the fuel chamber. Whether liquid or solid-fueled, the hot gas is accelerated through a nozzle.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Most airplanes are constructed by companies with the objective of producing them in quantity for customers. The design and planning process, including safety tests, can last up to four years for small turboprops or longer for larger planes.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: During this process, the objectives and design specifications of the aircraft are established. First the construction company uses drawings and equations, simulations, wind tunnel tests and experience to predict the behavior of the aircraft. Computers are used by companies to draw, plan and do initial simulations of the aircraft. Small models and mockups of all or certain parts of the plane are then tested in wind tunnels to verify its aerodynamics.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: When the design has passed through these processes, the company constructs a limited number of prototypes for testing on the ground. Representatives from an aviation governing agency often make a first flight. The flight tests continue until the aircraft has fulfilled all the requirements. Then, the governing public agency of aviation of the country authorizes the company to begin production.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: In the United States, this agency is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). In the European Union, European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA); in the United Kingdom it is the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). In Canada, the public agency in charge and authorizing the mass production of aircraft is Transport Canada's Civil Aviation Authority.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: When a part or component needs to be joined together by welding for virtually any aerospace or defense application, it must meet the most stringent and specific safety regulations and standards. Nadcap, or the National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program sets global requirements for quality, quality management and quality assurance for aerospace engineering.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: In the case of international sales, a license from the public agency of aviation or transport of the country where the aircraft is to be used is also necessary. For example, airplanes made by the European company, Airbus, need to be certified by the FAA to be flown in the United States, and airplanes made by U.S.-based Boeing need to be approved by the EASA to be flown in the European Union.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Regulations have resulted in reduced noise from aircraft engines in response to increased noise pollution from growth in air traffic over urban areas near airports.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Small planes can be designed and constructed by amateurs as homebuilts. Other homebuilt aircraft can be assembled using pre-manufactured kits of parts that can be assembled into a basic plane and must then be completed by the builder.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: The parts are sent to the main plant of the plane company, where the production line is located. In the case of large planes, production lines dedicated to the assembly of certain parts of the plane can exist, especially the wings and the fuselage.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: When complete, a plane is rigorously inspected to search for imperfections and defects. After approval by inspectors, the plane is put through a series of flight tests to assure that all systems are working correctly and that the plane handles properly. Upon passing these tests, the plane is ready to receive the "final touchups" (internal configuration, painting, etc.), and is then ready for the customer.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: The structural parts of a fixed-wing aircraft are called the airframe. The parts present can vary according to the aircraft's type and purpose. Early types were usually made of wood with fabric wing surfaces, When engines became available for powered flight around a hundred years ago, their mounts were made of metal. Then as speeds increased more and more parts became metal until by the end of WWII all-metal aircraft were common. In modern times, increasing use of composite materials has been made.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are static planes extending either side of the aircraft. When the aircraft travels forwards, air flows over the wings, which are shaped to create lift. This shape is called an airfoil and is shaped like a bird's wing.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Airplanes have flexible wing surfaces which are stretched across a frame and made rigid by the lift forces exerted by the airflow over them. Larger aircraft have rigid wing surfaces which provide additional strength.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Whether flexible or rigid, most wings have a strong frame to give them their shape and to transfer lift from the wing surface to the rest of the aircraft. The main structural elements are one or more spars running from root to tip, and many ribs running from the leading (front) to the trailing (rear) edge.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Early airplane engines had little power, and lightness was very important. Also, early airfoil sections were very thin, and could not have a strong frame installed within. So, until the 1930s, most wings were too lightweight to have enough strength, and external bracing struts and wires were added. When the available engine power increased during the 1920s and 30s, wings could be made heavy and strong enough that bracing was not needed any more. This type of unbraced wing is called a cantilever wing.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: The number and shape of the wings varies widely on different types. A given wing plane may be full-span or divided by a central fuselage into port (left) and starboard (right) wings. Occasionally, even more wings have been used, with the three-winged triplane achieving some fame in WWI. The four-winged quadruplane and other multiplane designs have had little success.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: A monoplane has a single wing plane, a biplane has two stacked one above the other, a tandem wing has two placed one behind the other. When the available engine power increased during the 1920s and 30s and bracing was no longer needed, the unbraced or cantilever monoplane became the most common form of powered type.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: The wing planform is the shape when seen from above. To be aerodynamically efficient, a wing should be straight with a long span from side to side but have a short chord (high aspect ratio). But to be structurally efficient, and hence light weight, a wing must have a short span but still enough area to provide lift (low aspect ratio).

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: At transonic speeds (near the speed of sound), it helps to sweep the wing backwards or forwards to reduce drag from supersonic shock waves as they begin to form. The swept wing is just a straight wing swept backwards or forwards.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: The delta wing is a triangle shape that may be used for several reasons. As a flexible Rogallo wing, it allows a stable shape under aerodynamic forces and so is often used for ultralight aircraft and even kites. As a supersonic wing, it combines high strength with low drag and so is often used for fast jets.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: A variable geometry wing can be changed in flight to a different shape. The variable-sweep wing transforms between an efficient straight configuration for takeoff and landing, to a low-drag swept configuration for high-speed flight. Other forms of variable planform have been flown, but none have gone beyond the research stage.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: A flying wing is a tailless aircraft which has no definite fuselage. Most of the crew, payload and equipment are housed inside the main wing structure.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Blended wing body aircraft have a flattened and airfoil shaped body, which produces most of the lift to keep itself aloft, and distinct and separate wing structures, though the wings are smoothly blended in with the body.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Thus blended wing bodied aircraft incorporate design features from both a futuristic fuselage and flying wing design. The purported advantages of the blended wing body approach are efficient high-lift wings and a wide airfoil-shaped body. This enables the entire craft to contribute to lift generation with the result of potentially increased fuel economy.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: The classic airfoil section wing is unstable in flight and difficult to control. Flexible-wing types often rely on an anchor line or the weight of a pilot hanging beneath to maintain the correct attitude. Some free-flying types use an adapted airfoil that is stable, or other ingenious mechanisms including, most recently, electronic artificial stability.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: To achieve stability and control, most fixed-wing types have an empennage comprising a fin and rudder which act horizontally and a tailplane and elevator which act vertically. These control surfaces can typically be trimmed to relieve control forces for various stages of flight. This is so common that it is known as the conventional layout. Sometimes there may be two or more fins, spaced out along the tailplane.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Some types have a horizontal "canard" foreplane ahead of the main wing, instead of behind it. This foreplane may contribute to the lift, the trim, or control of the aircraft, or to several of these.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Airplanes have complex flight control systems. The main controls allow the pilot to direct the aircraft in the air by controlling the attitude (roll, pitch and yaw) and engine thrust.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: On manned aircraft, cockpit instruments provide information to the pilots, including flight data, engine output, navigation, communications and other aircraft systems that may be installed.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Like all activities involving combustion, fossil-fuel-powered aircraft release soot and other pollutants into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) are also produced. In addition, there are environmental impacts specific to airplanes: for instance,

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Airplane

Context: Another environmental impact of airplanes is noise pollution, mainly caused by aircraft taking off and landing.

Question: విమానాన్ని మొదటగా ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Nannayya

Context: He is also known as "Adi Kavi" in recognition of his great literary work. He also holds the titles "Sabda Sasanudu" and "Vaganu Sasanudu" (Law giver of the language) after his Telugu grammar work "Andhra Sabda Chintamani".

Question: సంస్కృతం నుండి తెలుగులోకి మొదటిగా ఏ నవలను అనువదించారు?


Mary, mother of Jesus

Context: Titles in use vary among Anglicans, Lutherans, Catholics, Orthodox, Protestants, Mormons, and other Christians.

Question: ఏసు క్రీస్తు తల్లి పేరు ఏమిటి?


Mary, mother of Jesus

Context: The title was recognized at the Council of Ephesus in 431. The direct equivalents of title in Latin are and , although the phrase is more often loosely translated into Latin as ("Mother of God"), with similar patterns for other languages used in the Latin Church. However, this same phrase in Greek (), in the abbreviated form , is an indication commonly attached to her image in Byzantine icons. The Council stated that the Church Fathers "did not hesitate to speak of the holy Virgin as the Mother of God".

Question: ఏసు క్రీస్తు తల్లి పేరు ఏమిటి?


Mary, mother of Jesus

Context: According to the author of the gospel according to Matthew, the Magi arrived at Bethlehem where Jesus and his family were living. Joseph was warned in a dream that King Herod wanted to murder the infant, and the family fled by night to Egypt and stayed there for some time. After Herod's death in 4 BC, they returned to Nazareth in Galilee, rather than Bethlehem, because Herod's son Archelaus was the ruler of Judaea.

Question: ఏసు క్రీస్తు తల్లి పేరు ఏమిటి?


Mary, mother of Jesus

Context: Theologians from the Orthodox tradition have made prominent contributions to the development of Marian thought and devotion.

Question: ఏసు క్రీస్తు తల్లి పేరు ఏమిటి?


Mary, mother of Jesus

Context: The Quran says that Jesus was the result of a virgin birth. The most detailed account of the annunciation and birth of Jesus is provided in Suras 3 and 19 of the Quran, where it is written that God sent an angel to announce that she could shortly expect to bear a son, despite being a virgin.

Question: ఏసు క్రీస్తు తల్లి పేరు ఏమిటి?


Mary, mother of Jesus

Context: Other biblical verses have also been debated; for example, the reference made by Paul the Apostle that Jesus was made "of the seed of David according to the flesh" (Romans 1:3) may be interpreted as Joseph being the father of Jesus.

Question: ఏసు క్రీస్తు తల్లి పేరు ఏమిటి?


Mary, mother of Jesus

Context: There is significant diversity in the Marian doctrines attributed to her primarily by the Catholic Church. The key Marian doctrines held primarily in Catholicism can be briefly outlined as follows:

Question: ఏసు క్రీస్తు తల్లి పేరు ఏమిటి?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: The government controls and subsidizes mosques and pays the salaries of prayer leaders. The President appoints the Grand Mufti of the Republic.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: Four religious holidays are included among the national holidays in Tunisia: Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, Muharram, and Mawlid.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: Generally, Shari'a-based interpretation of civil law is applied only in some family cases. Some families avoid the effects of Shari'a on inheritance by executing sales contracts between parents and children to ensure that sons and daughters receive equal shares of property.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: According to the US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report, there have been some reports as of 2004 that the married interfaith couples to register the birth of their children and receive birth certificates if the mother was Christian and the father was Muslim and the parents tried to give their children non-Muslim names.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: The Muslim Arab governors of Tunis founded the Aghlabid Dynasty, which ruled Tunisia, Tripolitania and eastern Algeria from 800 to 909. Its capital Kairuan became the most important centre of learning in the Maghreb, most notably in the field of Theology and Law.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: Tunisia was influenced more heavily by Europe during the colonial era (it was a French protectorate and in 1945 had 144,000 colonialists living in it) and is considered the most westernized of Muslim North African states. Its first president, Habib Bourguiba, was committed to secularism,

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: and dismantled University of Ez-Zitouna, replacing it with a faculty of Shari`a and Theology attached to the Tunis University in 1958.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: A Personal Status Code made law in 1956 prohibited polygamy, raised the age of marriage for girls to 17 years of age, made it easier for women to get a divorce, and banned forced marriages for minor girls. He also named a Grand Mufti of the Republic.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: The fall of the Ben Ali regime has loosened religion repression and brought more religious conservatism, and sometimes more extremism. The 1988 law banning non-state approved activities and meetings at mosques was discontinued allowing much longer hours of operation.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: In March 2013, the minister of religious affairs at the time, Nourredine Khademi, called upon Tunisians to fight jihad in Syria. As of early 2015 about 3,000 Tunisians are believed to have gone to fight in Syria. Calls came for legalization of polygamy, from Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice A new mufti appointed in 2013, (Hamda Saïd) was known to have supported polygamous marriage.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: In August 2013, the Tunisian government declared Ansar al-Shari`a an illegal terrorist organization following its alleged involvement in the political assassinations of secularist politicians Chokri Belaid and Mohamed Brahmi in 2013.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: In December 2014 the Ministry of Religious Affairs announced it had re-asserted state control over all mosques in Tunisia and in cooperation with civil society organizations, trained imams in moderate discourse when delivering sermons. But, at least as of 2014, the content of prayer services is not controlled by government authorities.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Islam in Tunisia

Context: In 2017 a handful of men were arrested for eating in public during Ramadan, they were convicted of committing “a provocative act of public indecency” and sentenced to month-long jail sentences. The state in Tunisia has a role as a "guardian of religion" which was used to justify the arrests.

Question: ట్యునీషియా దేశంలో అధికంగా ఏ మతస్తులు నివసిస్తున్నారు?


Confucianism

Context: The scholar Tu Weiming explains these classics as embodying "five visions" which underlie the development of Confucianism:

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: "Tiān" (), a key concept in Chinese thought, refers to the God of Heaven, the northern culmen of the skies and its spinning stars, earthly nature and its laws which come from Heaven, to "Heaven and Earth" (that is, "all things"), and to the awe-inspiring forces beyond human control. There are such a number of uses in Chinese thought that it is not possible to give one translation into English.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Other movements, such as Mohism which was later absorbed by Taoism, developed a more theistic idea of Heaven. Feuchtwang explains that the difference between Confucianism and Taoism primarily lies in the fact that the former focuses on the realisation of the starry order of Heaven in human society, while the latter on the contemplation of the Dao which spontaneously arises in nature.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: As explained by Stephan Feuchtwang, the order coming from Heaven preserves the world, and has to be followed by humanity finding a "middle way" between yin and yang forces in each new configuration of reality. Social harmony or morality is identified as patriarchy, which is expressed in the worship of ancestors and deified progenitors in the male line, at ancestral shrines.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Confucian ethical codes are described as humanistic. They may be practiced by all the members of a society. Confucian ethics is characterised by the promotion of virtues, encompassed by the Five Constants, "Wǔcháng" () in Chinese, elaborated by Confucian scholars out of the inherited tradition during the Han dynasty. The Five Constants are:

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: These are accompanied by the classical "Sìzì" (), that singles out four virtues, one of which (Yì) is included among the Five Constants:

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: There are still many other elements, such as "chéng" (, honesty), "shù" (, kindness and forgiveness), "lián" (, honesty and cleanness), "chǐ" (, shame, judge and sense of right and wrong), "yǒng" (, bravery), "wēn" (, kind and gentle), "liáng" (, good, kindhearted), "gōng" (, respectful, reverent), "jiǎn" (, frugal), "ràng" (, modestly, self-effacing).

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: "Rén" () is the Confucian virtue denoting the good feeling a virtuous human experiences when being altruistic. It is exemplified by a normal adult's protective feelings for children. It is considered the essence of the human being, endowed by Heaven, and at the same time the means by which man may act according to the principle of Heaven (, "Tiān lǐ") and become one with it.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Many Confucians also realised that loyalty and filial piety have the potential of coming into conflict with one another. This may be true especially in times of social chaos, such as during the period of the Ming-Qing transition.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Filial piety is considered a key virtue in Chinese culture, and it is the main concern of a large number of stories. One of the most famous collections of such stories is "The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars". These stories depict how children exercised their filial piety in the past. While China has always had a diversity of religious beliefs, filial piety has been common to almost all of them; historian Hugh D.R. Baker calls respect for the family the only element common to almost all Chinese believers.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: The "junzi" enforces his rule over his subjects by acting virtuously himself. It is thought that his pure virtue would lead others to follow his example. The ultimate goal is that the government behaves much like a family, the "junzi" being a beacon of filial piety.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Zi-lu said, "The vassal of Wei has been waiting for you, in order with you to administer the government. What will you consider the first thing to be done?"

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, Yu! The superior man [Junzi] cannot care about the everything, just as he cannot go to check all himself!

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Therefore a superior man considers it necessary that the names he uses may be spoken appropriately, and also that what he speaks may be carried out appropriately. What the superior man requires is just that in his words there may be nothing incorrect."

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Xun Zi chapter (22) "On the Rectification of Names" claims the ancient sage-kings chose names () that directly corresponded with actualities (), but later generations confused terminology, coined new nomenclature, and thus could no longer distinguish right from wrong. Since social harmony is of utmost importance, without the proper rectification of names, society would essentially crumble and "undertakings [would] not [be] completed."

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: In 2005, the Center for the Study of Confucian Religion was established, and "guoxue" started to be implemented in public schools on all levels. Being well received by the population, even Confucian preachers have appeared on television since 2006. The most enthusiastic New Confucians proclaim the uniqueness and superiority of Confucian Chinese culture, and have generated some popular sentiment against Western cultural influences in China.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: This idea may be traced back to the ancient shamanic beliefs of the king being the axle between the sky, human beings, and the Earth. The emperors of China were considered agents of Heaven, endowed with the Mandate of Heaven. They hold the power to define the hierarchy of divinities, by bestowing titles upon mountains, rivers and dead people, acknowledging them as powerful and therefore establishing their cults.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Confucian political meritocracy is not merely a historical phenomenon. The practice of meritocracy still exists across China and East Asia today, and a wide range of contemporary intellectuals — from Daniel Bell to Tongdong Bai, Joseph Chan, and Jiang Qing — defend political meritocracy as a viable alternative to liberal democracy.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Bell, Wang, and Bai all criticize liberal democracy to argue that government "by" the people may not be government "for" the people in any meaningful sense of the term. They argue that voters tend to act in irrational, tribal, short-termist ways; they are vulnerable to populism and struggle to account for the interests of future generations. In other words, at a minimum, democracy needs Confucian meritocratic checks.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: While contemporary defenders of Confucian political meritocracy all accept this broad frame, they disagree with each other on three main questions: institutional design, the means by which meritocrats are promoted, and the compatibility of Confucian political meritocracy with liberalism.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Joseph Chan defends the compatibility of Confucianism with both liberalism and democracy. In his book "Confucian Perfectionism", he argues that Confucians can embrace both democracy and liberalism on instrumental grounds; that is, while liberal democracy may not be valuable for its own sake, its institutions remains valuable — particularly when combined with a broadly Confucian culture — to serve Confucian ends and inculcate Confucian virtues.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: From the late 17th century onwards a whole body of literature known as the Han Kitab developed amongst the Hui Muslims of China who infused Islamic thought with Confucianism. Especially the works of Liu Zhi such as "Tiānfāng Diǎnlǐ" () sought to harmonise Islam with not only Confucianism but also with Taoism and is considered to be one of the crowning achievements of the Chinese Islamic culture.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Important military and political figures in modern Chinese history continued to be influenced by Confucianism, like the Muslim warlord Ma Fuxiang. The New Life Movement in the early 20th century was also influenced by Confucianism.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: For example, the impact of the Vietnam War on Vietnam was devastating, but over the last few decades Vietnam has been re-developing in a very fast pace. Most scholars attribute the origins of this idea to futurologist Herman Kahn's "World Economic Development: 1979 and Beyond".

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Other studies, for example Cristobal Kay's "Why East Asia Overtook Latin America: Agrarian Reform, Industrialization, and Development", have attributed the Asian growth to other factors, for example the character of agrarian reforms, "state-craft" (state capacity), and interaction between agriculture and industry.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Confucianism

Context: Ever since Europeans first encountered Confucianism, the issue of how Confucianism should be classified has been subject to debate. In the 16th and the 17th centuries, the earliest European arrivals in China, the Christian Jesuits, considered Confucianism to be an ethical system, not a religion, and one that was compatible with Christianity. The Jesuits, including Matteo Ricci, saw Chinese rituals as "civil rituals" that could co-exist alongside the spiritual rituals of Catholicism.

Question: కన్ఫ్యూసియనిజం మతాన్ని ఎవరు స్థాపించారు?


Usain Bolt

Context: At the start of 2015, he intended to make the 2017 World Championships in Athletics his last major competition before retirement.

Question: 2014 నాటికి ప్రపంచంలో అతి వేగంగా పరుగెత్తిన మనిషి ఎవరు?


Usain Bolt

Context: Conscious of his injuries at the start of the season, he did not compete after the World Championships, skipping the 2015 IAAF Diamond League final.

Question: 2014 నాటికి ప్రపంచంలో అతి వేగంగా పరుగెత్తిన మనిషి ఎవరు?


Usain Bolt

Context: In May 2019, the company expanded its services to Europe, introducing the product first in Paris.<br>

Question: 2014 నాటికి ప్రపంచంలో అతి వేగంగా పరుగెత్తిన మనిషి ఎవరు?


Usain Bolt

Context: In November 2019, he followed up with another compilation called "Immortal Riddim" that included tracks from Vybz Kartel, Masicka, Munga Honorable and Christopher Martin.

Question: 2014 నాటికి ప్రపంచంలో అతి వేగంగా పరుగెత్తిన మనిషి ఎవరు?


French language

Context: Due to Roman rule, Latin was gradually adopted by the inhabitants of Gaul, and as the language was learned by the common people it developed a distinct local character, with grammatical differences from Latin as spoken elsewhere, some of which being attested on graffiti. This local variety evolved into the Gallo-Romance tongues, which include French and its closest relatives, such as Arpitan.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: Up until its later stages, Old French, alongside Old Occitan, maintained a relic of the old nominal case system of Latin longer than most other Romance languages (with the notable exception of Romanian which still currently maintains a case distinction), differentiating between an oblique case and a nominative case. The phonology was characterized by a heavy syllabic stress, which led to the emergence of various complicated diphthongs such as "-eau" which would later be leveled to monophthongs.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: The earliest evidence of what became Old French can be seen in the Oaths of Strasbourg and the Sequence of Saint Eulalia, while Old French literature began to be produced in the eleventh century, with major early works often focusing on the lives of saints (such as the "Vie de Saint Alexis"), or wars and royal courts, notably including the "Chanson de Roland", epic cycles focused on King Arthur and his court, as well as a cycle focused on William of Orange.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: Spoken by 19.71% of the European Union's population, French is the third most widely spoken language in the EU, after English and German and the second most-widely taught language after English.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: In Belgium, French is an official language at the federal level along with Dutch and German. At the regional level, French is the sole official language of Wallonia (excluding a part of the East Cantons, which are German-speaking) and one of the two official languages—along with Dutch—of the Brussels-Capital Region, where it is spoken by the majority of the population (approx. 80%), often as their primary language.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: Along with Luxembourgish and German, French is one of the three official languages of Luxembourg, where it is generally the preferred language of business as well as of the different public administrations. It is also the official language of Monaco.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: French is mostly a second language in Africa, but it has become a first language in some urban areas, such as the region of Abidjan, Ivory Coast and in Libreville, Gabon. There is not a single African French, but multiple forms that diverged through contact with various indigenous African languages.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: Sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the French language is most likely to expand, because of the expansion of education and rapid population growth. It is also where the language has evolved the most in recent years. Some vernacular forms of French in Africa can be difficult to understand for French speakers from other countries, but written forms of the language are very closely related to those of the rest of the French-speaking world.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: French is the official language of both French Guiana on the South American continent, and of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an archipelago off the coast of Newfoundland in North America.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: French was the official language of French India, consisting of geographically separate enclaves now referred to as Puducherry. It was an official language of Puducherry until its cession to India in 1956, and a small number of older locals still retain knowledge of the language although is has now given way to Tamil and English.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: French is an official language of the Pacific Island nation of Vanuatu, where 31% of the population was estimated to speak it in 2018. In the French special collectivity of New Caledonia, 97% of the population can speak, read and write French while in French Polynesia this figure is 95%, and in the French collectivity of Wallis and Futuna, it is 84%.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: A leading world language, French is taught in universities around the world, and is one of the world's most influential languages because of its wide use in the worlds of journalism, jurisprudence, education, and diplomacy.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: Knowledge of French is often considered to be a useful skill by business owners in the United Kingdom; a 2014 study found that 50% of British managers considered French to be a valuable asset for their business, thus ranking French as the most sought-after foreign language there, ahead of German (49%) and Spanish (44%). MIT economist Albert Saiz calculated a 2.3% premium for those who have French as a foreign language in the workplace.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: In English-speaking Canada, the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, French is the first foreign language taught and in number of pupils is far ahead of other languages. In the United States, French is the second-most commonly taught foreign language in schools and universities, after Spanish. In some areas of the country near French-speaking Quebec, it is the language more commonly taught.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: Although there are many French regional accents, foreign learners normally use only one variety of the language.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: French pronunciation follows strict rules based on spelling, but French spelling is often based more on history than phonology. The rules for pronunciation vary between dialects, but the standard rules are:

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: French is written with the 26 letters of the basic Latin script, with four diacritics appearing on vowels (circumflex accent, acute accent, grave accent, diaeresis) and the cedilla appearing in "ç".

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: There are two ligatures, "œ" and "æ", but they are often replaced in contemporary French with "oe" and "ae", because the ligatures do not appear on the AZERTY keyboard layout used in French-speaking countries. However this is nonstandard in formal and literary texts.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: French spelling, like English spelling, tends to preserve obsolete pronunciation rules. This is mainly due to extreme phonetic changes since the Old French period, without a corresponding change in spelling. Moreover, some conscious changes were made to restore Latin orthography (as with some English words such as "debt"):

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: As a result, it can be difficult to predict the spelling of a word based on the sound. Final consonants are generally silent, except when the following word begins with a vowel (see Liaison (French)). For example, the following words end in a vowel sound: "pied", "aller", "les", "", "beaux". The same words followed by a vowel, however, may sound the consonants, as they do in these examples: "beaux-arts", "les amis", "pied-à-terre".

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: Some proposals exist to simplify the existing writing system, but they still fail to gather interest.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: The French language consists of both finite and non-finite moods. The finite moods include the indicative mood (indicatif), the subjunctive mood (subjonctif), the imperative mood (impératif), and the conditional mood (conditionnel). The non-finite moods include the infinitive mood (infinitif), the present participle (participe présent), and the past participle (participe passé).

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: Within the indicative mood, the passé composé, plus-que-parfait, futur antérieur, and passé antérieur all use auxiliary verbs in their forms.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: The subjunctive mood only includes four of the tense-aspect forms found in the indicative: present (présent), simple past (passé composé), past imperfective (imparfait), and pluperfect (plus-que-parfait).

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: Within the subjunctive mood, the passé composé and plus-que-parfait use auxiliary verbs in their forms.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: The imperative is used in the present tense (with the exception of a few instances where it is used in the perfect tense). The imperative is used to give commands to you (tu), we/us (nous), and plural you (vous).

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: French uses both the active voice and the passive voice. The active voice is unmarked while the passive voice is formed by using a form of verb "être" ("to be") and the past participle.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: The majority of French words derive from Vulgar Latin or were constructed from Latin or Greek roots. In many cases, a single etymological root appears in French in a "popular" or native form, inherited from Vulgar Latin, and a learned form, borrowed later from Classical Latin. The following pairs consist of a native noun and a learned adjective:

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: However, a historical tendency to Gallicise Latin roots can be identified, whereas English conversely leans towards a more direct incorporation of the Latin:

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: It can be difficult to identify the Latin source of native French words because in the evolution from Vulgar Latin, unstressed syllables were severely reduced and the remaining vowels and consonants underwent significant modifications.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: One study analyzing the degree of differentiation of Romance languages in comparison to Latin estimated that among the languages analyzed French has the greatest distance from Latin. Lexical similarity is 89% with Italian, 80% with Sardinian, 78% with Rhaeto-Romance, and 75% with Romanian, Spanish and Portuguese.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: In Old French (during the Middle Ages), all numbers from 30 to 99 could be said in either base 10 or base 20, e.g. "vint et doze" (twenty and twelve) for 32, "dous vinz et diz" (two twenties and ten) for 50, "uitante" for 80, or "nonante" for 90.

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: French, like most European languages, uses a space to separate thousands. The comma () is used in French numbers as a decimal point, i.e. "2,5" instead of "2.5". In the case of currencies, the currency markers are substituted for decimal point, i.e. "5$7" for "5 dollars and 7 cents".

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: "Tous les êtres humains naissent libres et égaux en dignité et en droits. Ils sont doués de raison et de conscience et doivent agir les uns envers les autres dans un esprit de fraternité."

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


French language

Context: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

Question: ఫ్రెంచ్ భాష ఏ దేశంలో ఎక్కువగా మాట్లాడతారు?


London

Context: Over the years, the name has attracted many mythically based explanations. The earliest attested appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's , written around 1136.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: Modern scientific analyses of the name must account for the origins of the different forms found in early sources: Latin (usually ), Old English (usually ), and Welsh (usually ), with reference to the known developments over time of sounds in those different languages. It is agreed that the name came into these languages from Common Brythonic; recent work tends to reconstruct the lost Celtic form of the name as or something similar. This was adapted into Latin as and borrowed into Old English.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: In 1993, remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the south foreshore upstream from Vauxhall Bridge. This either crossed the Thames or reached a now-lost island in it. Two of the timbers were radiocarbon dated to 1750–1285 BCE.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: In 2010, foundations of a large timber structure, dated to 4800–4500 BCE, were found on the Thames's south foreshore downstream from Vauxhall Bridge. The function of the mesolithic structure is unclear. Both structures are on the south bank of the Thames, where the now-underground River Effra flows into the Thames.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: In 1974 a decade of work began on the construction of the Thames Barrier across the Thames at Woolwich to deal with this threat. While the barrier is expected to function as designed until roughly 2070, concepts for its future enlargement or redesign are already being discussed.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: Part of the varied architectural heritage are the 17th-century churches by Wren, neoclassical financial institutions such as the Royal Exchange and the Bank of England, to the early 20th century Old Bailey and the 1960s Barbican Estate.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: According to the 2011 Census, the largest religious groupings were Christians (48.4%), followed by those of no religion (20.7%), Muslims (12.4%), no response (8.5%), Hindus (5.0%), Jews (1.8%), Sikhs (1.5%), Buddhists (1.0%) and other (0.6%).

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: Important national and royal ceremonies are shared between St Paul's and Westminster Abbey. The Abbey is not to be confused with nearby Westminster Cathedral, which is the largest Roman Catholic cathedral in England and Wales. Despite the prevalence of Anglican churches, observance is low within the denomination. Church attendance continues a long, steady decline, according to Church of England statistics.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: The gas and electricity distribution networks that manage and operate the towers, cables and pressure systems that deliver energy to consumers across the city are managed by National Grid plc, SGN and UK Power Networks.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: Over four million journeys are made every day on the Underground network, over 1 billion each year. An investment programme is attempting to reduce congestion and improve reliability, including £6.5 billion (€7.7 billion) spent before the 2012 Summer Olympics. The Docklands Light Railway (DLR), which opened in 1987, is a second, more local metro system using smaller and lighter tram-type vehicles that serve the Docklands, Greenwich and Lewisham.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: Close to Hyde Park are smaller Royal Parks, Green Park and St. James's Park. A number of large parks lie outside the city centre, including Hampstead Heath and the remaining Royal Parks of Greenwich Park to the southeast and Bushy Park and Richmond Park (the largest) to the southwest, Hampton Court Park is also a royal park, but, because it contains a palace, it is administered by the Historic Royal Palaces, unlike the eight Royal Parks.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: Epping Forest is a popular venue for various outdoor activities, including mountain biking, walking, horse riding, golf, angling, and orienteering.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


London

Context: From 1924, the original Wembley Stadium was the home of the English national football team. It hosted the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final, with England defeating West Germany, and served as the venue for the FA Cup Final as well as rugby league's Challenge Cup final. The new Wembley Stadium serves exactly the same purposes and has a capacity of 90,000.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ రాజధాని ఏది ?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Capital punishment in India is a legal penalty for some crimes under the country's main substantive penal legislation, the Indian Penal Code, as well as other laws. Executions are carried out by hanging.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Currently, there are around 488 prisoners on death row in India. The most recent executions in India took place in March 2020, when the four 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder perpetrators were executed at the Tihar Jail in Delhi.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Articles 72 and 161 of the Constitution give power to the President of India and the Governor to grant pardons and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases. The president or the governor may consider the case of the convict and may pardon the death sentence.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: In the dissenting opinion written by Justice P. N. Bhagawati in August 1982, two years after the majority's decision, he held the death penalty to be unconstitutional. He opined that the capital sentencing system, which required 'special reasons' without any guidance on its meaning, essentially left decision-making to the subjective assessment of individual judges, making it arbitrary.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Death sentence or death penalty is a punishment sanctioned by the state, where the person is killed for committing the offence. The act of carrying out such a sentence is known as an execution. While the mode of execution adopted differs from nation to nation, hanging is still the most widely used method.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Hanging is execution by strangling or breaking the neck by a suspended noose. Capital Punishment has been a form of punishment since time immemorial and hanging has been used for this since the medieval times. Nevertheless, with the advancement of technology and medicine, countries are moving towards other methods of execution such as lethal injections, electrocution, lethal gas and firing squad.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: In India, as per the current position of law, capital punishment is awarded only in the 'Rarest of the rare cases' and the primary mode of execution as given under Section 354(5) of the Criminal Code of Procedure, 1973 is 'Hanging by neck till death'. This mode of execution is widely debated and the Law Commission in its report in 2015 stated that the shift from hanging to more advanced methods execution must be made in India.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: In the case of Deena v Union of India, September 1983 the constitutional validity of execution by hanging was challenged on grounds that hanging as contemplated under Section 354(5) Cr.P.C was barbarous and inhuman and thereby infringed on the right to life of the person. The court discussed various historical influences as well as the reports of the law commission and held that execution by hanging was a fair, just and reasonable procedure within the meaning of Article 21 and hence is constitutional.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Section 235(2) of the CrPC provides for a bifurcated trial, where the conviction and sentencing are meant to be separate proceedings.  This has been affirmed in the following judgments of the Supreme Court.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: The role of public opinion first gained prominence in the capital sentencing framework through the case of Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab, July 1983, which allowed imposition of the death penalty in case of anti-social or socially abhorrent nature of the crime.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Subsequently,  in the case of Dhananjoy Chatterjee v. State of West Bengal, January 1994, the Supreme Court held that the punishment must befit the crime so that courts reflect public abhorrence of the crime. It held that courts must consider not only the rights of the criminal, but also the rights of the victim and society at large while considering the question of appropriate sentence.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Recently, in MA Antony v. State of Kerala, December 2018, the Supreme Court commuted the death sentence into life imprisonment and noted that the trial court committed an error by taking into account the disturbance caused by the crime to the collective conscience of the society. It was held that reference to public opinion and what is perceived by the judges to be the collective conscience of the society must be avoided while sentencing a convict guilty of a brutal crime.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: However, public opinion and collective conscience have played a major role in imposition of the death penalty in several cases in India, including Mukesh v. State of NCT Delhi, May 2017, which resulted in the execution in March 2020 of four persons convicted of gang rape and murder of a young woman in Delhi.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: In Ashok Debbarma v. State of Tripura, March 2014, the Supreme Court commuted the death sentence to life imprisonment with a minimum of twenty years. It introduced the concept of 'residual doubt' as a mitigating circumstance in Indian sentencing jurisprudence. The court stated that there could be a state of lingering uncertainty that exists, beyond 'reasonable doubt' but below 'absolute certainty'.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: In 2019, the Supreme Court reiterated the 'residual doubt principle' of Ashok Debbarma in Ravishankar v. State of Madhya Pradesh, October 2019 and held that it creates a higher standard of proof over and above the 'beyond reasonable doubt' threshold in order to sentence someone to death.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: In the case of Devender Pal Singh Bhullar (Navneet Kaur v. NCT of Delhi, March 2014),  the Court commuted the death sentence of the convict on the ground of inordinate delay in the execution of sentence and mental health problems faced by the petitioner.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: In the case of Shatrughan Chauhan v. Union of India, January 2014, while discussing various other supervening circumstances which would lead to the sentence of death being commuted, it was held that mental illness of the prisoner would be a factor which would lead to a commutation and that no mentally ill person may be executed.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: In consonance with the recommendations made by the Justice Verma Committee, the Government of India enacted the amending Act on 02.04.2013. Amendments were introduced in the Indian Penal Code, 1860, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 through the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Capital punishment for these specific offences was introduced through the Verma Committee categorically recommended against the punishment of death for the offence of rape.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: On the matters of irrevocability of capital punishment and erroneous convictions, the report observed that the constitutional and statutory safeguards such as the mercy, the power of appeal and review as well as legal assistance shall ensure that chances of error are kept to the minimum. The conclusions arrived by the commission are predated to the landmark judgment of Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, May 1980 and also to the various amendments made in 1973 to the Code of Criminal Procedure.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: In its 187th report, the Law Commission dealt with the matter on capital punishment under but under the theme "Mode of Execution of Death Sentence and Incidental Matters". The issue was taken "suo moto" by the commission examining "technological advances in the field of science, technology, medicine, anaesthetics" and thus did not answer or present views on the debate of abolishing capital punishment.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: On the other hand, it has been argued that state-sanctioned death penalty acts as a catalyst to promote the law and the fear of law which acts as a deterrent to future offenders. There is also a push to help the victims and to follow the retribution model of punishment.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Constitutional and legal protections such as The Constitution of India, The Code of Criminal Procedure, The Evidence Act protect an individual from arbitrary powers of the state. However, despite these the rights are unchecked and are repeatedly violated. Few forms of such violation are custodial torture, fabrication of evidence, abuse of Section 27 of the Evidence Act.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: It has been acknowledged by the judges that the legal aid system has not satisfactory and expressed concerns about the disparate impact of the system on socio-economically marginalised persons. There exists a strong connection between poverty and the quality of legal representation. This deepens the crisis of the criminal justice system. The legal aid system developed by the justice system fails to achieve its objective and fails to fulfil its constitutional promises.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: The easy manipulation of agencies of the criminal justice system is rampant in India. The stages of investigation such as obtaining pieces of evidence testimony lead to wrongful conviction demonstrate significant crisis points in the criminal justice system. Use of torture, fabrication of evidence, poor legal representation puts a question mark on the criminal justice system and makes the reliance on evidence doubtful for hanging a person or to put him on death row.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Prisoner Voices from Death Row by Reena Mary George discusses the demographic profile of the prisoners and the duration spent on death row. It also notes the process of the individual cases, from arrest to conviction and finally being sentenced to death. It also documents in detail the impact of the death penalty on families of prisoners on death row.  The study finds that poverty, marginalization and exclusion are antecedent to the death penalty.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?