Valladolid

Context: The main economic sector of Valladolid in terms of employment is however the service sector, which employs 111,988 people, representing 74.2% of Valladolid workers affiliated to Social Security.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Finally, agriculture is a tiny sector in the city which only employs 2,355 people (1.5% of the total). The predominant crops are wheat, barley and sugar beet.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Top 10 companies by turnover in 2013 in € million were : Renault (4 596), Michelin (2 670), IVECO (1 600), the Valladolid-based supermarket chain Grupo El Árbol (849), cheese processing Queserías Entrepinares (204), sugar processing Acor (201), service group Grupo Norte (174), automobile auxiliary company Faurecia-Asientos de Castilla y León (143), Sada (129) and Hipereco (108).

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Urban transit system was based on the Valladolid tram network from 1881 to 1933. A public urban bus system started in 1928, managed by different private tenders until 1982, when the service was taken over by the municipality. Today the public company AUVASA operates the network, with 22 regular lines and 5 late night lines.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: The airport serving the city is not located within the municipal limits, but in Villanubla. The airport has connections to Barcelona, Málaga, and the Canary Islands.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Spanish is the only official language throughout the city. Valladolid stands out for having been the residence of the author of "Don Quixote", Miguel de Cervantes, as well as authors such as José Zorrilla or Miguel Delibes and the thrust of its University. The province stands out for receiving a significant number of people who want to learn the Spanish language (Language tourism).

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Easter is one of the most spectacular and emotional fiestas in Valladolid. Religious devotion, art, colour and music combine in acts to commemorate the resurrection of Jesus Christ: the processions. Members of the different Easter brotherhoods, dressed in their characteristic robes, parade through the streets carrying religious statues (pasos) to the sound of drums and music.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Much the same occurred with distribution on the arts circuit at the end of the 60s: a film could be placed more easily if it had previously done well at Valladolid. Even after the death of Franco in 1975, Valladolid continued to be the "testing ground" for films which had been banned. For example, the premiere in Spain of Stanley Kubrick's "A Clockwork Orange" at the 1975 festival is still recalled as a landmark.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Although an inland province, fish is commonly consumed, some brought from the Cantabrian Sea. Fish like red bream and hake are a major part of Valladolid's cuisine.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: The main speciality of Valladolid is, however, lechazo (suckling baby lamb). The lechazo is slowly roasted in a wood oven and served with salad.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Valladolid also offers a great assortment of wild mushrooms. Asparagus, endive and beans can also be found. Some legumes, like white beans and lentils are particularly good. Pine nuts are also produced in great quantities.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Sheep cheese from Villalón de Campos, the famous pata de mulo (mule's foot) is usually unripened (fresh), but if it is cured the ripening process brings out such flavour that it can compete with the best sheep cheeses in Spain.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Valladolid has a bread to go with every dish, like the delicious cuadros from Medina del Campo, the muffins, the pork-scratching bread and the lechuguinos, with a pattern of concentric circles that resemble a head of lettuce.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: The pastries and baked goods from the province of Valladolid are well-known, specially St. Mary's ring-shaped pastries, St. Claire's sponge cakes, pine nut balls and cream fritters.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Valladolid is also a producer of wines. The ones that fall under the Designation of Origin Cigales are very good. White wines from Rueda and red wines from Ribera del Duero are known for their quality.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Valladolid's main association football club is Real Valladolid, nicknamed "Pucela", who play in the country's second league, La Liga 2. Players who went on to play for the Spain national football team include Fernando Hierro, José Luis Caminero and Rubén Baraja. The municipally-owned stadium where Real Valladolid play their home matches, the Estadio Nuevo José Zorrilla, was built as a venue for the 1982 FIFA World Cup and in preparation staged the 1982 Copa del Rey Final.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: CBC Valladolid is the city's new basketball team since the dissolution of CB Valladolid in 2015. Arvydas Sabonis and Oscar Schmidt played for the latter team. Currently playing in the Liga LEB Oro, the CBC Valladolid matches are held at the Polideportivo Pisuerga.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: In handball Valladolid was represented by BM Valladolid of the Liga ASOBAL. They won 2 King's Cup, 1 ASOBAL Cup and 1 EHF Cup Winners' Cup. After the disappearance of this club, BM Atlético Valladolid was born, which also competes in the Liga ASOBAL. They play their games at the Polideportivo Huerta del Rey.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: Rugby union is a very popular sport in Valladolid. VRAC and CR El Salvador, with 30 and 26 titles respectively, have dominated Spanish rugby for the last decades. They play their matches at Estadio Pepe Rojo.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


Valladolid

Context: The Plaza de toros de Valladolid, a bullring, opened on 29 September 1890, and it has a capacity of 11,000.

Question: من قام ببناء مدينة (بلد الوليد) الاسبانية؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: On 24 October 2014, ISIL militants launched two attacks on Egyptian army positions in the Sinai Peninsula, killing at least 33 security personnel. This was one of the deadliest assaults on the Egyptian military in decades.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: The first attack took place at a heavily guarded military checkpoint near the town of Sheikh Zuweid. Around 2 p.m., a car bomb exploded, killing 18 soldiers or more. When more officers were deployed to the bomb site, gunmen rushed in, some of them on vehicles, and attacked using rocket-propelled grenades and other heavy weaponry, killing ten soldiers at least.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: Three more soldiers were killed in the second attack when militants opened fire at them, which occurred at a checkpoint in the city of Al-Arish.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: On 14 November 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant linked militant group Wilayat Sinai published a graphic propaganda video claiming responsibility and showing the execution of the attack.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: Communications have been shut down, which coincided with a large military operation east of Al-Arish announced by the Ministry of Defense, that was underway in the region to locate and target militant hideouts. The operation reportedly involved Apache helicopters and special forces. The helicopters bombed locations south of Rafah and Sheikh Zuweid, near the Gaza Strip.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: Presenters on state television wore black and channels carried black ribbons on screen, while Egypt's Grand Mufti Shawki Allam condemned the attacks, adding that the perpetrators "deserve God's wrath on Earth and at the end of days".

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: A senior Egyptian diplomat said that the talks between Israel and Hamas following the recent war would be postponed, citing "the state of emergency in the border area between Egypt and Gaza". Khalil al-Haya, a Hamas official, said that the Palestinian negotiating team was informed that the talks could not resume in Cairo due to the security situation. The Egyptian government also announced that the Rafah border crossing between Egypt and the Gaza Strip was closed indefinitely in response to the attacks.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: Egypt's outlawed Muslim Brotherhood has condemned attacks and held President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi responsible.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: – The European Union denounced the deadly attack against Egyptian security personnel in Sinai. "We regret the loss of life and express our deepest condolences to the families of the victims. The EU condemns terrorism in all its forms," said Michael Mann, spokesman for EU High Representative Catherine Ashton, in a brief statement, released late on Friday.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: – Turkey condemned the deadly bombing that targeted Egyptian military forces in the Sinai Peninsula. "We offer our condolences to the victims families and wish for a fast recovery for the injured," Turkey's Foreign Ministry said in a statement on Saturday.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


October 2014 Sinai attacks

Context: – Singapore strongly condemned the attacks against Egyptian security personnel, and it sent its deepest condolences to the families of the victims and the people of Egypt.

Question: كم عدد ضحايا تفجير الشيخ زويد بسيناء ؟


El Ferdan Railway Bridge

Context: The bridge is no longer functional due to the expansion of the Suez Canal completed in 2015 which added a parallel shipping lane just east of the existing bridge, cutting off the railway into Sinai. As of 2021 a second swing bridge spanning the new eastern shipping lane is under construction. When completed, service on the bridge can resume.

Question: ما هو اطول جسر سيارات في مصر؟


El Ferdan Railway Bridge

Context: In July 1996, a consortium led by German Krupp was awarded a $US70 million contract to design and build the bridge, raised to $80 million to increase the main span from .

Question: ما هو اطول جسر سيارات في مصر؟


El Ferdan Railway Bridge

Context: The parallel New Suez Canal was excavated in 2014/2015 a short distance to the east but without a bridge spanning it. Without a second bridge, the railway across El Ferdan bridge is a dead end.

Question: ما هو اطول جسر سيارات في مصر؟


El Ferdan Railway Bridge

Context: However, the final decision was made in 2017 to keep the existing bridge at its current location and build a new double-track railway bridge (based on the current El Ferdan bridge design) across the new, eastern shipping lane several hundred meters to the east. The existing bridge over the western shipping lane would be converted from a single-track railway to a double-track railway.

Question: ما هو اطول جسر سيارات في مصر؟


USB flash drive

Context: Until about 2005, most desktop and laptop computers were supplied with floppy disk drives in addition to USB ports, but floppy disk drives became obsolete after widespread adoption of USB ports and the larger USB drive capacity compared to the "1.44 megabyte" (1440 kilobyte) 3.5-inch floppy disk.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: The basis for USB flash drives is flash memory, a type of floating-gate semiconductor memory invented by Fujio Masuoka in the early 1980s. Flash memory uses floating-gate MOSFET transistors as memory cells.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Given these competing claims to inventorship, patent disputes involving the USB flash drive have arisen over the years. Both Trek 2000 International and Netac Technology have accused others of infringing their patents on the USB flash drive. However, despite these lawsuits, the question of who was the first to invent the USB flash drive has not been definitively settled and multiple claims persist.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: By 2002, USB flash drives had USB 2.0 connectivity, which has 480 Mbit/s as the transfer rate upper bound; after accounting for the protocol overhead That same year, Intel sparked widespread use of second generation USB by including them within its laptops.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: By 2010, the maximum available storage capacity for the devices had reached upwards of 128 GB. USB 3.0 was slow to appear in laptops. Through 2010, the majority of laptop models still contained only USB 2.0.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: In January 2013, tech company Kingston, released a flash drive with 1 TB of storage. The first USB 3.1 type-C flash drives, with read/write speeds of around 530 MB/s, were announced in March 2015. By July 2016, flash drives with 8 to 256 GB capacity were sold more frequently than those with capacities between 512 GB and 1 TB. In 2017, Kingston Technology announced the release of a 2-TB flash drive. In 2018, SanDisk announced a 1TB USB-C flash drive, the smallest of its kind.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: On a USB flash drive, one end of the device is fitted with a single Standard-A USB plug; some flash drives additionally offer a micro USB or USB-C plug, facilitating data transfers between different devices.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: On a USB flash drive, one end of the device is fitted with a single USB plug; some flash drives additionally offer a micro USB plug, facilitating data transfers between different devices.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Inside the casing is a small printed circuit board, which has some power circuitry and a small number of surface-mounted integrated circuits (ICs). Typically, one of these ICs provides an interface between the USB connector and the onboard memory, while the other is the flash memory. Drives typically use the USB mass storage device class to communicate with the host.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash memory combines a number of older technologies, with lower cost, lower power consumption and small size made possible by advances in semiconductor device fabrication technology. The memory storage was based on earlier EPROM and EEPROM technologies. These had limited capacity, were slow for both reading and writing, required complex high-voltage drive circuitry, and could be re-written only after erasing the entire contents of the chip.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: The development of high-speed serial data interfaces such as USB made semiconductor memory systems with serially accessed storage viable, and the simultaneous development of small, high-speed, low-power microprocessor systems allowed this to be incorporated into extremely compact systems. Serial access requires far fewer electrical connections for the memory chips than does parallel access, which has simplified the manufacture of multi-gigabyte drives.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Computers access flash memory systems very much like hard disk drives, where the controller system has full control over where information is actually stored. The actual EEPROM writing and erasure processes are, however, still very similar to the earlier systems described above.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Many low-cost MP3 players simply add extra software and a battery to a standard flash memory control microprocessor so it can also serve as a music playback decoder. Most of these players can also be used as a conventional flash drive, for storing files of any type.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: USB flash drives have been integrated into other commonly carried items, such as watches, pens, laser pointers, and even the Swiss Army Knife; others have been fitted with novelty cases such as toy cars or Lego bricks. USB flash drives with images of dragons, cats or aliens are very popular in Asia. The small size, robustness and cheapness of USB flash drives make them an increasingly popular peripheral for case modding.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Most flash drives ship preformatted with the FAT32, or exFAT file systems. The ubiquity of the FAT32 file system allows the drive to be accessed on virtually any host device with USB support. Also, standard FAT maintenance utilities (e.g., ScanDisk) can be used to repair or retrieve corrupted data. However, because a flash drive appears as a USB-connected hard drive to the host system, the drive can be reformatted to any file system supported by the host operating system.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash drives can be defragmented. There is a widespread opinion that defragmenting brings little advantage (as there is no mechanical head that moves from fragment to fragment), and that defragmenting shortens the life of the drive by making many unnecessary writes. However, some sources claim that defragmenting a flash drive can improve performance (mostly due to improved caching of the clustered data), and the additional wear on flash drives may not be significant.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Some file systems are designed to distribute usage over an entire memory device without concentrating usage on any part (e.g., for a directory) to prolong the life of simple flash memory devices. Some USB flash drives have this 'wear leveling' feature built into the software controller to prolong device life, while others do not, so it is not necessarily helpful to install one of these file systems.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Sectors are 512 bytes long, for compatibility with hard disk drives, and the first sector can contain a master boot record and a partition table. Therefore, USB flash units can be partitioned just like hard disk drives.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Estimation of flash memory endurance is a challenging subject that depends on the SLC/MLC/TLC memory type, size of the flash memory chips, and actual usage pattern. As a result, a USB flash drive can last from a few days to several hundred years.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Regardless of the endurance of the memory itself, the USB connector hardware is specified to withstand only around 1,500 insert-removal cycles.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Transfer speeds are technically determined by the slowest of three factors: the USB version used, the speed in which the USB controller device can read and write data onto the flash memory, and the speed of the hardware bus, especially in the case of add-on USB ports.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: USB flash drives usually specify their read and write speeds in megabytes per second (MB/s); read speed is usually faster. These speeds are for optimal conditions; real-world speeds are usually slower. In particular, circumstances that often lead to speeds much lower than advertised are transfer (particularly writing) of many small files rather than a few very large ones, and mixed reading and writing to the same device.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: The most common use of flash drives is to transport and store personal files, such as documents, pictures and videos. Individuals also store medical information on flash drives for emergencies and disaster preparation.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Also, HP has introduced a "USB floppy drive key", which is an ordinary USB flash drive with additional possibility for performing floppy drive emulation, allowing its usage for updating system firmware where direct usage of USB flash drives is not supported. Desired mode of operation (either regular USB mass storage device or of floppy drive emulation) is made selectable by a sliding switch on the device's housing.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Most current PC firmware permits booting from a USB drive, allowing the launch of an operating system from a bootable flash drive. Such a configuration is known as a Live USB.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Installers of some operating systems can be stored to a flash drive instead of a CD or DVD, including various Linux distributions, Windows 7 and newer versions, and macOS. In particular, Mac OS X 10.7 is distributed only online, through the Mac App Store, or on flash drives; for a MacBook Air with Boot Camp and no external optical drive, a flash drive can be used to run installation of Windows or Linux.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: However, for installation of Windows 7 and later versions, using USB flash drive with hard disk drive emulation as detected in PC's firmware is recommended in order to boot from it. Transcend is the only manufacturer of USB flash drives containing such feature.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Furthermore, for installation of Windows XP, using USB flash drive with storage limit of at most 2 GB is recommended in order to boot from it.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: In Windows Vista and later versions, ReadyBoost feature allows flash drives (from 4 GB in case of Windows Vista) to augment operating system memory.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash drives are used to carry applications that run on the host computer without requiring installation. While any standalone application can in principle be used this way, many programs store data, configuration information, etc. on the hard drive and registry of the host computer.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: The U3 company works with drive makers (parent company SanDisk as well as others) to deliver custom versions of applications designed for Microsoft Windows from a special flash drive; U3-compatible devices are designed to autoload a menu when plugged into a computer running Windows. Applications must be modified for the U3 platform not to leave any data on the host machine. U3 also provides a software framework for independent software vendors interested in their platform.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Ceedo is an alternative product, with the key difference that it does not require Windows applications to be modified in order for them to be carried and run on the drive.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Similarly, other application virtualization solutions and portable application creators, such as VMware ThinApp (for Windows) or RUNZ (for Linux) can be used to run software from a flash drive without installation.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: In October 2010, Apple Inc. released their newest iteration of the MacBook Air, which had the system's restore files contained on a USB hard drive rather than the traditional install CDs, due to the Air not coming with an optical drive.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: A wide range of portable applications which are all free of charge, and able to run off a computer running Windows without storing anything on the host computer's drives or registry, can be found in the list of portable software.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Some value-added resellers are now using a flash drive as part of small-business turnkey solutions (e.g., point-of-sale systems). The drive is used as a backup medium: at the close of business each night, the drive is inserted, and a database backup is saved to the drive. Alternatively, the drive can be left inserted through the business day, and data regularly updated. In either case, the drive is removed at night and taken offsite.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash drives also have disadvantages. They are easy to lose and facilitate unauthorized backups. A lesser setback for flash drives is that they have only one tenth the capacity of hard drives manufactured around their time of distribution.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Password Reset Disk is a feature of the Windows operating system. If a user sets up a Password Reset Disk, it can be used to reset the password on the computer it was set up on.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Many companies make small solid-state digital audio players, essentially producing flash drives with sound output and a simple user interface. Examples include the Creative MuVo, Philips GoGear and the first generation iPod shuffle. Some of these players are true USB flash drives as well as music players; others do not support general-purpose data storage. Other applications requiring storage, such as digital voice or sound recording, can also be combined with flash drive functionality.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Many of the smallest players are powered by a permanently fitted rechargeable battery, charged from the USB interface. Fancier devices that function as a digital audio player have a USB host port (type A female typically).

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: The availability of inexpensive flash drives has enabled them to be used for promotional and marketing purposes, particularly within technical and computer-industry circles (e.g., technology trade shows). They may be given away for free, sold at less than wholesale price, or included as a bonus with another purchased product.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Usually, such drives will be custom-stamped with a company's logo, as a form of advertising. The drive may be blank, or preloaded with graphics, documentation, web links, Flash animation or other multimedia, and free or demonstration software. Some preloaded drives are read-only, while others are configured with both read-only and user-writable segments. Such dual-partition drives are more expensive.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash drives can be set up to automatically launch stored presentations, websites, articles, and any other software immediately on insertion of the drive using the Microsoft Windows AutoRun feature. Autorunning software this way does not work on all computers, and it is normally disabled by security-conscious users.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: In the arcade game "In the Groove" and more commonly "In The Groove 2", flash drives are used to transfer high scores, screenshots, dance edits, and combos throughout sessions. As of software revision 21 (R21), players can also store custom songs and play them on any machine on which this feature is enabled. While use of flash drives is common, the drive must be Linux compatible.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: In the arcade games "Pump it Up NX2" and "Pump it Up NXA", a specially produced flash drive is used as a "save file" for unlocked songs, as well as for progressing in the WorldMax and Brain Shower sections of the game.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: In the arcade game "Dance Dance Revolution X", an exclusive USB flash drive was made by Konami for the purpose of the link feature from its Sony PlayStation 2 counterpart. However, any USB flash drive can be used in this arcade game.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash drives use little power, have no fragile moving parts, and for most capacities are small and light. Data stored on flash drives is impervious to mechanical shock, magnetic fields, scratches and dust. These properties make them suitable for transporting data from place to place and keeping the data readily at hand.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash drives also store data densely compared to many removable media. In mid-2009, 256 GB drives became available, with the ability to hold many times more data than a DVD (54 DVDs) or even a Blu-ray (10 BDs).

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash drives implement the USB mass storage device class so that most modern operating systems can read and write to them without installing device drivers. The flash drives present a simple block-structured logical unit to the host operating system, hiding the individual complex implementation details of the various underlying flash memory devices. The operating system can use any file system or block addressing scheme. Some computers can boot up from flash drives.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Floppy disk hardware emulators exist which effectively utilize the internal connections and physical attributes of a floppy disk drive to utilize a device where a USB flash drive emulates the storage space of a floppy disk in a solid state form, and can be divided into a number of individual virtual floppy disk images using individual data channels.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: The various writable and re-writable forms of CD and DVD are portable storage media supported by the vast majority of computers as of 2008. CD-R, DVD-R, and DVD+R can be written to only once, RW varieties up to about 1,000 erase/write cycles, while modern NAND-based flash drives often last for 500,000 or more erase/write cycles. DVD-RAM discs are the most suitable optical discs for data storage involving much rewriting.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash memory cards, e.g., Secure Digital cards, are available in various formats and capacities, and are used by many consumer devices. However, while virtually all PCs have USB ports, allowing the use of USB flash drives, memory card readers are not commonly supplied as standard equipment (particularly with desktop computers). Although inexpensive card readers are available that read many common formats, this results in two pieces of portable equipment (card plus reader) rather than one.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: An additional advantage of memory cards is that many consumer devices (e.g., digital cameras, portable music players) cannot make use of USB flash drives (even if the device has a USB port), whereas the memory cards used by the devices can be read by PCs with a card reader.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Unlike solid-state memory, hard drives are susceptible to damage by shock (e.g., a short fall) and vibration, have limitations on use at high altitude, and although they are shielded by their casings, they are vulnerable when exposed to strong magnetic fields. In terms of overall mass, hard drives are usually larger and heavier than flash drives; however, hard disks sometimes weigh less per unit of storage. Like flash drives, hard disks also suffer from file fragmentation, which can reduce access speed.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Audio tape cassettes and high-capacity floppy disks (e.g., Imation SuperDisk), and other forms of drives with removable magnetic media, such as the Iomega Zip drive and Jaz drives, are now largely obsolete and rarely used. There are products in today's market that will emulate these legacy drives for both tape and disk (SCSI1/SCSI2, SASI, Magneto optic, Ricoh ZIP, Jaz, IBM3590/ Fujitsu 3490E and Bernoulli for example) in state-of-the-art Compact Flash storage devices – CF2SCSI.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: As highly portable media, USB flash drives are easily lost or stolen. All USB flash drives can have their contents encrypted using third-party disk encryption software, which can often be run directly from the USB drive without installation (for example, FreeOTFE), although some, such as BitLocker, require the user to have administrative rights on every computer it is run on.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Some manufacturers have produced USB flash drives which use hardware-based encryption as part of the design, removing the need for third-party encryption software. In limited circumstances these drives have been shown to have security problems, and are typically more expensive than software-based systems, which are available for free.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Some manufacturers deploy physical authentication tokens in the form of a flash drive. These are used to control access to a sensitive system by containing encryption keys or, more commonly, communicating with security software on the target machine. The system is designed so the target machine will not operate except when the flash drive device is plugged into it. Some of these "PC lock" devices also function as normal flash drives when plugged into other machines.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: In appearance similar to a USB flash drive, a USB killer is a circuit that charges up capacitors to a high voltage using the power supply pins of a USB port then discharges high voltage pulses onto the data pins. This completely standalone device can instantly and permanently damage or destroy any host hardware that it is connected to.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: The New York-based Human Rights Foundation collaborated with Forum 280 and USB Memory Direct to launch the "Flash Drives for Freedom" program. The program was created in 2016 to smuggle flash drives with American and South Korean movies and television shows, as well as a copy of the Korean Wikipedia, into North Korea to spread pro-Western sentiment.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Semiconductor corporations have worked to reduce the cost of the components in a flash drive by integrating various flash drive functions in a single chip, thereby reducing the part-count and overall package-cost.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Flash drive capacities on the market increase continually. High speed has become a standard for modern flash drives. Capacities exceeding 256 GB were available on the market as early as 2009.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: Lexar is attempting to introduce a "USB FlashCard", which would be a compact USB flash drive intended to replace various kinds of flash memory cards. Pretec introduced a similar card, which also plugs into any USB port, but is just one quarter the thickness of the Lexar model. Until 2008, SanDisk manufactured a product called SD Plus, which was a SecureDigital card with a USB connector.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


USB flash drive

Context: SanDisk has also introduced a new technology to allow controlled storage and usage of copyrighted materials on flash drives, primarily for use by students. This technology is termed FlashCP.

Question: مامعنى مصطلح "Flash Drive" ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: Muslims believe that the first prophet was also the first human being, Adam, created by God. Many of the revelations delivered by the 48 prophets in Judaism and many prophets of Christianity are mentioned as such in the Quran but usually with Arabic versions of their names; for example, the Jewish Elisha is called Alyasa', Job is Ayyub, Jesus is 'Isa, etc. The Torah given to Moses (Musa) is called "Tawrat", the Psalms given to David (Dawud) is the "Zabur", the Gospel given to Jesus is "Injil".

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: The last prophet in Islam is Muhammad ibn ʿAbdullāh, whom Muslims believe to be the "Seal of the Prophets" ("Khatam an-Nabiyyin"), to whom the Quran was revealed in a series of revelations (and written down by his companions). Muslims believe the Quran is the sole divine and literal word of God, thus immutable and protected from distortion and corruption, destined to remain in its true form until the Last Day.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: In Islam, every prophet preached the same core beliefs, the Oneness of God, worshipping of that one God, avoidance of idolatry and sin, and the belief in the Day of Resurrection or the Day of Judgement and life after death. Prophets and messengers are believed to have been sent by God to different communities during different times in history.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: In the New Testament, however, the word "messenger" becomes more frequent, sometimes in association with the concept of a preacher (apostle or prophet). "Messenger" may refer to Jesus, to his Apostles and to John the Baptist. But the last book of the Old Testament, the Book of Malachi, speaks of a messenger that Christian commentators interpret as a reference to the future prophet John the Baptist (Yahya).

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: The Syriac form of "rasūl Allāh" (), "s̲h̲eliḥeh d-allāhā", occurs frequently in the apocryphal "Acts of St. Thomas". The corresponding verb for "s̲h̲eliḥeh"—"s̲h̲alaḥ", occurs in connection with the prophets in the Hebrew Bible.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: In Arabic, the term "nabī" (Arabic plural form: , ) means "prophet". Forms of this noun occur 75 times in the Quran. The term "nubuwwah" ( "prophethood") occurs five times in the Quran. The terms "rasūl" (Arabic plural: , ) and "mursal" (Arabic: , , pl: , ) denote "messenger with law given by/received from God" and occur more than 300 times. The term for a prophetic "message" (Arabic: , , pl: , ) appears in the Quran in ten instances.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: Classical Islamic teaching, especially Shia Islam, teach that unlike other human beings, prophets have the quality of "ʿiṣmah", i.e. are protected by God from making mistakes or committing grave sins. This does not mean, they do not err, rather that they always seek to correct their mistakes. It is argued that sins are necessary for prophets, so they can show the people how to repent.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: Some doubt whether there is Quranic basis for "ʿiṣmah", but the notion became "mainstream Sunni doctrine" by the ninth century CE.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: The Quran speaks of the prophets as being the greatest human beings of all time. lists various virtuous groups of human beings, among whom prophets (including messengers) occupy the highest rank. Verse 4:69 reads:

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: Some were called to prophesy late in life, such as Muhammad at the age of 40. Some were called to prophesy at a young age, such as John the Baptist. Jesus prophesied while still in his cradle.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: Challenges to Mary's prophethood have often been based on which reads "We have only sent men prior to you". Some scholars have argued that the use of the term "rijal" or men should be interpreted as providing a contrast between men and angels and not necessarily as contrasting men and women.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: Some scholars, particularly in the Sunni tradition, have rejected this doctrine as "bid'a" ("heretical innovation").

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: These particular verses support the Quranic narrative for Abraham to be recognized as a patriarch and is supported by his prophetic lineage concluding with Muhammad. Although Muhammad is considered the last prophet, some Muslim traditions also recognize and venerate saints (though modern schools, such as Salafism and Wahhabism, reject the theory of sainthood).

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: "And (remember) Abraham, when he said to his people: 'Worship Allah and fear Him; that is far better for you, if only you knew. Indeed, you only worship, apart from Allah, mere idols, and you invent falsehood. Surely, those you worship, apart from Allah, have no power to provide for you. So, seek provision from Allah, worship Him and give Him thanks. You shall be returned unto Him.'" (Q. 29:16-17)

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: The Quran emphasizes the importance of obedience to prophets in Surah 26 Ash-Shu'ara, in which a series of prophets preaching fear of God and obedience to themselves.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: Muhammad was given a divine gift of revelation through the angel Gabriel. This direct communication with the divine underlines the human experience but the message of the Quran dignifies this history of revelation with these select people in human history the foundation for Muhammed's prophetic lineage.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: To believe in God's messengers (Rusul) means to be convinced that God sent men as guides to fellow human beings and jinn (khalq) to guide them to the truth.

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: The Quran mentions 25 prophets by name but also tells that God sent many other prophets and messengers, to all the different nations that have existed on Earth. Many verses in the Quran discuss this:

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Prophets and messengers in Islam

Context: Numerous other people have been mentioned by scholars in the Hadith, exegesis, commentary. These people include:

Question: كم عدد الأنبياء و الرسل المذكورين في القران ؟


Berber languages

Context: Berber is spoken by large populations of Morocco, Algeria and Libya, by smaller populations of Tunisia, northern Mali, western and northern Niger, northern Burkina Faso and Mauritania and in the Siwa Oasis of Egypt. Large Berber-speaking migrant communities, today numbering about 4 million, have been living in Western Europe, spanning over three generations, since the 1950s. The number of Berber people is higher than the number of Berber speakers.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: A modernised form of the Tifinagh alphabet, called Neo-Tifinagh, was adopted in Morocco in 2003 for writing Berber, but many Moroccan Berber publications still use the Berber Latin alphabet. Algerians mostly use the Berber Latin alphabet in Berber-language education at public schools, while Tifinagh is mostly used for artistic symbolism. Mali and Niger recognise a Tuareg Berber Latin alphabet customised to the Tuareg phonological system. However, traditional Tifinagh is still used in those countries.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: In 2001, Berber became a constitutional national language of Algeria, and in 2011 Berber became a constitutionally official language of Morocco. In 2016, Berber became a constitutionally official language of Algeria alongside Arabic.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: The term "Berber" has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today. It was borrowed from Latin . The Latin word is also found in the Arabic designation for these populations, (); see Names of the Berber people.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Some other Berber writers, especially in Morocco, prefer to refer to Berber with "Amazigh" when writing about it in French or English.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Most consonant phonemes could also occur as geminates, and the place and manner of articulation of the geminate allophone partially diverged. For example, ‘’qq’’ was the geminated version of "γ".

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: The following consonant phonemes are postulated for Proto-Berber by Maarten Kossmann (in Kossmann's transcription):

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Concerning syllable structures, Tuareg permits almost only V, VC, CV, CVC, but many northern dialects may have more complex consonant clusters as well. The accent is so far under-researched, as the only detailed analysis is the one offered by Heath 2005 for Tuareg.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: The morphology of Berber is fusional, which is reflected especially in the frequent use of apophony. The base is the "root", which consists of a sequence of mostly three, less frequently one, two or four consonants. It contains exclusively lexical information, whereas grammatical information is provided to a significant degree by their vocalisation.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: The Berber noun distinguishes a masculine and a feminine grammatical gender and the grammatical numbers singular and plural. Similarly to the case system of other languages, the Berber noun has two so-called statuses: "Status absolutus" and "Status annexus". These are sometimes also called 'accusative case' (or 'absolutive case') and 'nominative case' respectively. Number, gender and status are marked in most nouns by prefixes, which have the following forms in Kabyle:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: The feminine can be additionally marked by a suffix "’t": Shilha "a-ɣyul" "donkey" – "ta-ɣyul-t" "she-donkey". Plural forms have additional possibilities of expression. Besides the suffix -"ăn"/-"ən" (Kabyle "a-rgaz" "man" – "i-rgaz-ən" "men"), apophony plays a role as well. The last vowel of a word is changed to "a", the first one sometimes to "u" (Kabyle "a-ɣɣul" "donkey" (singular) – "i-ɣɣal" "donkey" (Plural)).

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: The personal pronouns of Berber can be divided into two main groups: free forms and clitics, the latter being further classified according to their syntactic function. The following example forms are taken from Tahaggart, a dialect of Tuareg. Especially the plural of the absolutive pronouns can be very different in the other languages:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: In different dialects of Tuareg, there are more stems, whose number varies between the dialects. The following two stems are present in all forms of Tuareg:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: The conjugation of the verb takes place principally via personal prefixes, partly supplemented by suffixes. The personal affixes are identical for all verb stems – the aspects are distinguished exclusively by the verb stem. The conjugation of the aorist stem of "əkkəs" "remove" in Tuareg is as follows:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: By means of pre- or postverbal clitics, more temporal or modal differences can be expressed (examples from Shilha):

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Deverbal nouns can be formed by the superimposition of a series vowel on the consonant root, as shown by the following examples from Tuareg:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Prefixes can also participate in the formation of deverbal nouns. The prefix "am-", "em-" occurs very often with that function:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Clauses whose predicate is a finite verb form usually have the word order Verb – Subject – Object (VSO):

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: All constituents besides the predicate can be placed in the beginning of the sentence as topics; in such cases, they are represented in the sentence through resumptive pronouns. In thematised position, nouns are in status absolutus and personal pronouns are in the absolutive form:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Before or after the conjugated verb, a chain of several clitics can occur. The following morphemes can occur in it:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: "d" expresses proximity or direction towards the speaker (ventive), "n" stands for distance or movement away from the speaker.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: The exact population of Berber speakers is hard to ascertain, since most North African countries do not record language data in their censuses. Ethnologue provides a useful academic starting point; however, its bibliographic references are very inadequate, and it rates its own accuracy at only B-C for the area. Early colonial censuses may provide better documented figures for some countries; however, these are also very much out of date.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: A survey included in the official Moroccan census of 2004 and published by several Moroccan newspapers gave the following figures: 34 percent of people in rural regions were first language Berber speakers and 21 percent in urban zones were; the national average was 28.4 percent or 8.52 million.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: * Kabyle: 2,540,000 or 9 percent (Ethnologue, 1995); 6,000,000 or 20 percent (Ethnologue, 1998). Mainly in Algiers, Béjaïa, Tizi Ouzou, Bouïra, Sétif and Boumerdès.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: * Shawiya: ~2 million or 8.5 percent of the population as of 2005. Mainly in Batna, Khenchela, Sétif, Souk Ahras, Oum El Bouaghi and Tébessa.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: * Shenwa: 56,300 speakers according to an estimate, in the Dahra Range region, more precisely Mount Chenoua, just west of Algiers in the provinces of Tipaza, Chlef and Aïn Defla. Two main languages: Beni Menacer, west and south of the Mount Chenoua area and in the Mount Chenoua area, with 55,250 speakers.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: A fourth group, despite a very small population, accounts for most of the land area where Berber is spoken:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: * Tuareg: 25,000 in Algeria (Ethnologue, 1987), mainly in the Hoggar Mountains of the Sahara. Most Tuareg live in Mali and Niger (see below).

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: The various classifications differ primarily in what they consider to be Eastern Berber, and in how many varieties they recognise as distinct languages.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: There is so little data available on Guanche that any classification is necessarily uncertain; however, it is almost universally acknowledged as Afro-Asiatic on the basis of the surviving glosses, and widely suspected to be Berber. Much the same can be said of the language, sometimes called "Numidian", used in the Libyan or Libyco-Berber inscriptions around the turn of the Common Era, whose alphabet is the ancestor of Tifinagh.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: plus a few peripheral languages, spoken in isolated pockets largely surrounded by Arabic, that fall outside these continua, namely

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Within Northern Berber, however, he recognises a break in the continuum between Zenati and their non-Zenati neighbours; and in the east, he recognises a division between Ghadamès and Awjila on the one hand and Sokna (Fuqaha, Libya), Siwa and Djebel Nefusa on the other. The implied tree is:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Ethnologue, mostly following Aikhenvald and Militarev (1991), treats the eastern varieties differently:

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Berber languages

Context: Additionally, historical linguistics indicate that the Guanche language, which was spoken on the Canary Islands by the ancient Guanches, likely belonged to the Berber branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.

Question: ماهي اللغة التي يتحدثها الأمازيغ الموجودون شمال أفريقيا؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: In the 1976 presidential election, Ford was challenged by Ronald Reagan, a leader of the conservative wing of the Republican Party. After a contentious series of primaries, Ford won his party's nomination at the 1976 Republican National Convention. In the general election, Carter defeated Ford by a narrow margin in the popular and electoral vote. In polls of historians and political scientists, Ford is generally ranked as a below average president, much like both his predecessor and successor.

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: Immediately after taking the oath of office in the East Room of the White House, Ford spoke to the assembled audience in a speech broadcast live to the nation. Ford noted the peculiarity of his position: "I am acutely aware that you have not elected me as your president by your ballots, and so I ask you to confirm me as your president with your prayers." He went on to state:

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: In the wake of Nixon's heavy use of executive privilege to block investigations of his actions, Ford was scrupulous in minimizing its usage. However, that complicated his efforts to keep congressional investigations under control. Political scientist Mark J. Rozell concludes that Ford's:

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: failure to enunciate a formal executive privilege policy made it more difficult to explain his position to Congress. He concludes that Ford's actions were prudent; they likely salvaged executive privilege from the graveyard of eroded presidential entitlements because of his recognition that the Congress was likely to challenge any presidential use of that unpopular perquisite.

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: On September 8, 1974, Ford issued , which gave Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he might have committed against the United States while president. In a televised broadcast to the nation, Ford explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interests of the country, and that the Nixon family's situation "is a tragedy in which we all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must."

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: After Ford left the White House, the former president privately justified his pardon of Nixon by carrying in his wallet a portion of the text of "Burdick v. United States", a 1915 Supreme Court decision which stated that a pardon indicated a presumption of guilt, and that acceptance of a pardon was tantamount to a confession of that guilt.

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: Ford and his wife were outspoken supporters of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), a proposed constitutional amendment that had been submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. The ERA was designed to ensure equal rights for all citizens regardless of gender. Despite Ford's support, the ERA would fail to win ratification by the necessary number of state legislatures.

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: Despite his reservations about how the program ultimately would be funded in an era of tight public budgeting, Ford signed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, which established special education throughout the United States. Ford expressed "strong support for full educational opportunities for our handicapped children" upon signing the bill.

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: Ford faced two assassination attempts during his presidency. In Sacramento, California, on September 5, 1975, Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, a follower of Charles Manson, pointed a Colt .45-caliber handgun at Ford. As Fromme pulled the trigger, Larry Buendorf, a Secret Service agent, grabbed the gun, and Fromme was taken into custody. She was later convicted of attempted assassination of the President and was sentenced to life in prison; she was paroled on August 14, 2009.

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Presidency of Gerald Ford

Context: In the end, Carter won the election, receiving 50.1% of the popular vote and 297 electoral votes compared with 48.0% of the popular vote and 240 electoral votes for Ford. Ford dominated in the West and performed well in New England, but Carter carried much of the South and won Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Though Ford lost, in the three months between the Republican National Convention and the election he had managed to close what polls had shown as a 33-point Carter lead to a 2-point margin.

Question: من هو الرئيس الذي تولى الرئاسة بعد ريتشارد نيكسون؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Copper in the US is used mainly in construction (43%) and electric equipment (19%). In 2014, the nation produced 69% of the copper it used, relying on imports from Chile, Canada, Peru, and Mexico for the remaining 31%.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Copper mining activity increased in the early 2000s because of increased price: the price increased from an average of $0.76 per pound for the year 2002, to $3.02 per pound for 2007.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: A number of byproducts are recovered from American copper mining. In 2013, American copper mining produced 28,500 metric tons of molybdenum, worth about $700–$800 million, which was 47% of total US production. In 2014, copper mining produced about 15 metric tons of gold, worth $600 million, which represented 7% of US gold production. Other byproducts of the copper extraction process included silver, and minor amounts of rhenium and platinum-group metals. Sulfuric acid is recovered at copper smelters.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: From the start of copper mining in the Michigan copper district, ore has been divided into two classes. The rock with higher copper content was smelter ore, also called direct shipping ore, and required no treatment before going to the smelter. The rock with less copper was called milling ore, or concentrating ore, and required crushing and separation of ore minerals from the waste rock to produce copper concentrate, which was sent to the smelter.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: Because metallic minerals have higher specific gravities than most gangue (waste) minerals, concentrating the milling ore was done in various gravity classifiers. The early Michigan copper mines used buddles. Later copper mining used improved gravity-classification machinery, including jigs, vanners, and Wilfley tables.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: In the 1910s and 1920s, copper mills adopted the froth flotation method, which had been developed in Australia. Whereas the old gravity methods of concentration, using jigs and Wilfley tables recovered 60 to 80 percent of the copper in the ore, froth flotation recovered 90 to 95 percent. The Bingham Canyon mill installed froth flotation in 1918.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Large-scale mining of low-grade orebodies became predominant, and the amount of direct-shipping ore mined fell drastically in the first half of the 20th century, and by 1960, the contribution of direct-shipping ore was insignificant. Improvements in low-cost mining and ore processing allowed the average ore grade of milling ore to decline.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: The United States is a net exporter of copper ore and copper concentrate. In 2015, out of 1.25 million metric tons of recoverable copper metal extracted from mines, 320,000 tons of copper were exported in the form of ore and concentrate, to be smelted and refined elsewhere.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Russian explorers discovered copper on the Kasaan Peninsula of Prince of Wales Island in southeastern Alaska about 1865. Mining began in the period 1895–1900, and continued until shortly after World War I. Copper is present as chalcopyrite, occurring with magnetite, pyrite, garnet, epidote, diopside, and hornblende, in replacement deposits in greenstone. Gold and silver were recovered as byproducts.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Pebble Mine is a proposed copper-gold-molybdenum mine. The deposit is a large porphyry copper-gold-molybdenum deposit, and if developed would be a major producer of those metals.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Arizona has been a major copper producer since the 19th century. In 2006 Arizona was the leading copper-producing state in the US, producing a record $5 billion worth of copper.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Over 60% of the newly mined copper in the U.S. comes from Arizona. When copper traded for an average of $3.30/pound, copper production generated nearly $5 billion for Arizona's economy in 2006 and $5.5 billion in 2007.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The first mineral to be mined in Arizona was, as in many other regions, gold. Silver was also prominent, in the cities of Tubac and Superior. However, Arizona would most prominently be known for its copper, which would eventually become known as one of "Arizona's Five C's" or resources.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The first copper strike by an Anglo was by Henry Clifton, in the area now known as Clifton, in 1864. No claim was staked there because of threat of Indian attack. In 1870, Robert Metcalf staked a claim there, then sold controlling interest to Henry and Charles Lesinsky. They later formed the Longfellow Copper Mining Co. in Las Cruces, New Mexico. They set up camp and called it Clifton. Clifton later became one of the largest copper mining communities of Arizona.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: This new use of copper resulted in the boom of one of Arizona's greatest resources. By 1910 Arizona produced more copper than any other state in the nation. It would eventually fuel many of its political struggles as well. The Bisbee and Jerome Deportations in 1917 represent how factory workers and factory owners were pitted against each other.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: At Mule Canyon, south of Tombstone, Arizona, in 1877, a soldier chasing Apache Indians found copper at Bisbee. The Copper Queen Mine and neighboring Atlanta Claim became the Warren District. With the great contribution of the Warren District, Arizona led the nation and still leads it in copper production.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The United Verde copper mine at Jerome, Arizona, was financed by eastern capitalists. However, the rich surface ore soon played out. W. A. Clark, who had obtained his fortune at Butte, purchased 99% of the stock of the United Verde Mine. Ultimately it yielded copper, silver, and gold totaling $410,000,000. W. A. Clark was the owner of the richest, individually owned copper mine in the world. After the mines closed Jerome was reborn as an artist community.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Twelve active copper mines in Arizona directly employ nearly 10,000 workers, not including contractors and sub-contractors. Half of Arizona's copper is mined in Morenci. An additional nine copper mines are expected to begin production in the coming years. The Resolution Copper Project, near Superior, is expected to provide 25% of the U.S. demand for copper after it begins production.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Copper was first discovered in California in 1840, in Los Angeles County. The mine, at Soledad, produced a small amount of copper in 1854.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Island Mountain mine in Trinity County operated from 1915 to 1930, and produced 4100 tonnes of copper, 140,000 ounces of silver, and 8,600 ounces of gold. The orebody is a massive sulfide deposit of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite along a shear zone in the Franciscan Formation.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: At the northern end of the Sierra Nevada, in Plumas County, the Walker, Engels, and Superior mines together produced more than 140 thousand tons of copper. The Engels Mine produced 117 million pounds of copper ore and was the largest copper mine in California.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Pine Creek mine near Bishop in Inyo County produces some copper as a byproduct of tungsten mining.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Connecticut is home to the first successful copper mining by Europeans in what is now the United States. A copper deposit was discovered in the present town of East Granby, Connecticut in 1705, and German metallurgists from Hanover were imported to reduce the ore to copper metal. The mine was shut down in 1725, and the property served as a prison from 1773 to 1897.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Native Americans mined copper from small pits on the Keweenaw Peninsula of northern Michigan as early as 3000 BC. In the American era, the first successful copper mine, the Cliff mine, began operations in 1845, and many others quickly followed. The last major copper mine in Michigan, the White Pine mine, shut down in 1995, after unsuccessfully applying for a permit to convert the underground mine to an in-situ leaching operation.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Polymet Mining Corp. has proposed a large open-pit copper-nickel mine of its Northmet orebody in St. Louis County, Minnesota. The company has applied with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and with the US Corps of Engineers for the required permits. Present plans call for the mine to produce 72 million pounds (33 thousand tonnes) of copper annually, along with nickel, cobalt, platinum, palladium, and gold.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Franconia Minerals Corp. is exploring three copper-nickel platinum deposits in St. Louis and Lake Counties. Like the Northmet deposit, the deposits are in the Duluth Complex.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Missouri has produced small amounts of copper from Franklin, Madison, and other counties since 1837. A copper mine started in 1863 near Cornwall in Madison County.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Some copper is also produced by Troy unit silver mine in the northwest corner of the state, and by two platinum mines in the Stillwater igneous complex: the Stillwater mine and the East Boulder project.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: The first commercial copper mining district in Nevada was at Yerington in Lyon County. The Ludwig Mine opened in 1865, but the district produced only modest amounts of copper until a railroad was built to the district in 1911, and a smelter built in 1912 at nearby Thompson. The Anaconda Copper Mine produced from an open pit from 1918 to 1978. The copper ore bodies are contact metamorphic replacement deposits in limestone. Production through 1921 was 39 thousand tonnes of copper.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Newmont's Phoenix mine in Lander County produced 6.2 million pounds (2800 tonnes) of copper in 2007, as a byproduct of gold mining.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: New Jersey was the site of one of the first attempts to mine copper in what is now the United States.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Copper ore was discovered about 1712 in what is now North Arlington, and the Schuyler Copper Mine extracted ore and shipped it in casks to the Netherlands. The success of the Schuyler mine led to more prospecting and discovery of more deposits.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: In the 1750s, colonists tried to mine copper at the Pahaquarry Copper Mine in Warren County. The copper occurs as chalcocite, bornite, covellite, cuprite, and malachite, in quartzite of the Silurian High Falls Formation.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Native Americans had mined turquoise associated with the copper deposits at present-day Tyrone in Grant County, New Mexico. Modern mining followed the discovery of turquoise and copper by American prospectors in 1870. The first copper was shipped from the Tyrone district in 1879.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Some copper has been produced from three deposits in sandstone of the Triassic Chinle Formation in the Nacimiento Mountains near Cuba, New Mexico. The copper is present as sulfides (most commonly chalcocite) and malachite associated with organic material; some native silver is also present.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: New Mexico is currently the nation's number-three copper-producing state. Copper is produced from two large open-pit porphyry copper operations in Grant County: the Chino Mine and the Tyrone mine. Both mines are owned and operated by Freeport-McMoRan. In 2007, the two mines produced 249 million pounds (113 thousand tonnes) of copper, as well as 13 thousand ounces of gold and 209 thousand ounces of silver.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: Copper was mined at Creta from 1965 to about 1975. The ore 2% to 4.5% copper as chalcocite replacement grains in an 8-inch (20 cm) thick bed of grey shale in the Permian Flowerpot Shale. The ore also carried some silver, as stromeyerite.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: Copper and silver occur in a sandstone roll-front-type deposit in the Wellington sandstone of Permian age at Paoli, Garvin County, Oklahoma. About 1900, several wagon loads of ore were shipped from the deposit.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: The leading copper-mining district in Oregon was the Homestead district in Baker County, which produced 6400 tonnes of copper, 35,000 ounces of gold, and 256,000 ounces of silver. The most important mine was the Iron Dyke.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Waldo-Takilma district in Josephine County produced 3200 tonnes of copper. Large mines included the Waldo Mine and the Queen of Bronze Mine.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: In 1724 Pennsylvania colonial governor William Keith made the first attempt to mine copper in Pennsylvania. His mine, in York County, failed within a short time.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: By 1732 the Gap mine in Lancaster County was operating, owned by shareholders including Gouverneur Morris and Thomas Penn. The mine shut down due to water problems about 1755. The mine reopened as a nickel mine about 1850, and produced some byproduct copper along with the nickel until it shut down in 1893.

Question: أين بدأت صناعة النحاس؟


Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Burra Burra Mine in Ducktown is now home to a museum dedicated to the interpretation of the region's copper mining history.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: Texas has never been a major copper-mining state. Small amounts of copper were mined from Permian redbeds in Archer and Foard counties of north-central Texas in the 1860s and 1870s. Copper was produced in connection with silver mining in Culberson County in west Texas from 1885 to 1952.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: Constellation officially declared bankruptcy and is currently insolvent, but copper mining efforts were resumed in August 2009 under new management with the help of financing from Renewal Capital, a subsidiary of PartnerRe, and has been producing approximately 35,000 pounds of copper a day since the restart. Mining occurs solely in one mid-sized open pit named the Centennial pit, and the primary ores are malachite, azurite, and chalcocite. The mine employs approximately 140 people as of February 2012.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: A number of copper mines operated in Orange County from 1809 to 1958. At least five copper mines operated along a belt 20 miles long and oriented NNE-SSW. Until the opening of the Michigan copper district in 1844, Vermont was the leading copper-producing state. The ore was chalcopyrite with pyrite and pyrrhotite in sericite schist host rock.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Elizabeth deposit was discovered in 1793 and started mining in 1809 as the first copper mine in the state; it was also the last copper mine to operate in the state when it closed in 1958. The Elizabeth mine is now a federal Superfund site due to acid mine drainage.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Virginian mining district in Halifax and Charlotte Counties in southern Virginia produced about 750,000 pounds of copper from numerous mines. Copper-bearing quartz veins occur in greenstone schist along a narrow belt stretching four miles NNE-SSW from Keysville on the north to Virgilina on the North Carolina border. The Barnes mine is reported to have produced some copper in the early 18th century, but the major productive era for the district was the late 19th century to 1917.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Toncrae deposit near Floyd was mined for iron (from the gossan) from about 1790–1850. Copper was mined from 1854–1855, 1905–1908, and 1938–1947. The deposit is a massive sulfide, composed mainly of pyrrhotite and magnetite. The main copper ore minerals are chalcocite and covellite.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Holden mine, in Chelan County, operated from 1938 to 1957. The townsite is now used as a Lutheran retreat center and is open to the public. The process of cleaning up the remains of the old mine is ongoing.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Chewelah district in Stevens County produced 1.7 million troy ounces (53 tonnes) of silver and 5,000 metric tons of copper from quartz-carbonate veins. Chalcopyrite is the principal ore mineral. The deposits are hosted in shear zones in argillite of the Precambrian Belt Supergroup.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: Copper was discovered one mile northeast of Mineral Point in Iowa County of southwest Wisconsin in 1837 or 1838. The deposit was mined until 1842, then intermittently through 1875, producing an estimated 680 tonnes of copper.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: Copper was discovered in 1843 at what became known as the Copper Creek mine near Mount Sterling in Crawford County, southwest Wisconsin. About 5500 pounds (2.5 tonnes) of copper were produced from the deposit between 1843 and 1852. The Plum Creek copper mine, also in Crawford County, was discovered near Wauzeka in the 1850s, and mined in 1860 and 1861. Both the Copper Creek and Plum Creek deposits are in limestone.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: Douglas County, in the northwest corner of the state, was heavily prospected in the 19th century for native copper deposits in Keweenawan-series rocks, similar to deposits found in Keweenawan rocks in Michigan. A number of mines were started, but none proved profitable.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: The Encampment district in Carbon County produced 24 million pounds of copper in a brief spurt of activity from 1899 to 1908.

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Copper mining in the United States

Context: Copper mines were opened near Hartville in Goshen County in 1882. The mines produced until about 1899, and again during World War I.

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Leo (constellation)

Context: Other named stars in Leo include Mu Leonis, Rasalas (an abbreviation of "Al Ras al Asad al Shamaliyy", meaning "The Lion's Head Toward the South"); and Theta Leonis, Chertan or Coxa ("hip").

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: Leo is also home to one bright variable star, the red giant R Leonis. It is a Mira variable with a minimum magnitude of 10 and normal maximum magnitude of 6; it periodically brightens to magnitude 4.4. R Leonis, 330 light-years from Earth, has a period of 310 days and a diameter of 450 solar diameters.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: The star Wolf 359 (CN Leonis), one of the nearest stars to Earth at 7.8 light-years away, is in Leo. Wolf 359 is a red dwarf of magnitude 13.5; it periodically brightens by one magnitude or less because it is a flare star. Gliese 436, a faint star in Leo about 33 light-years away from the Sun, is orbited by a transiting Neptune-mass extrasolar planet.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: The carbon star CW Leo (IRC +10216) is the brightest star in the night sky at the infrared N-band (10 μm wavelength).

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: The star SDSS J102915+172927 (Caffau's star) is a population II star in the galactic halo seen in Leo. It is about 13 billion years old, making it one of the oldest stars in the Galaxy. It has the lowest metallicity of any known star.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: Modern astronomers, including Tycho Brahe in 1602, excised a group of stars that once made up the "tuft" of the lion's tail and used them to form the new constellation Coma Berenices (Berenice's hair), although there was precedent for that designation among the ancient Greeks and Romans.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: Leo contains many bright galaxies; Messier 65, Messier 66, Messier 95, Messier 96, Messier 105, and NGC 3628 are the most famous, the first two being part of the Leo Triplet.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: M95 and M96 are both spiral galaxies 20 million light-years from Earth. Though they are visible as fuzzy objects in small telescopes, their structure is only visible in larger instruments. M95 is a barred spiral galaxy. M105 is about a degree away from the M95/M96 pair; it is an elliptical galaxy of the 9th magnitude, also about 20 million light-years from Earth.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: Leo is also home to some of the largest structures in the observable universe. Some of the structures found in the constellation are the Clowes–Campusano LQG, U1.11, U1.54, and the Huge-LQG, which are all large quasar groups; the latter being the second largest structure known (see also NQ2-NQ4 GRB overdensity).

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: The Leonids occur in November, peaking on November 14–15, and have a radiant close to Gamma Leonis. Its parent body is Comet Tempel-Tuttle, which causes significant outbursts every 35 years. The normal peak rate is approximately 10 meteors per hour.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: Leo was one of the earliest recognized constellations, with archaeological evidence that the Mesopotamians had a similar constellation as early as 4000 BCE. The Persians called Leo "Ser" or "Shir"; the Turks, "Artan"; the Syrians, "Aryo"; the Jews, "Arye"; the Indians, "Simha", all meaning "lion".

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: Some mythologists believe that in Sumeria, Leo represented the monster Humbaba, who was killed by Gilgamesh.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: In Babylonian astronomy, the constellation was called UR.GU.LA, the "Great Lion"; the bright star Regulus was known as "the star that stands at the Lion's breast." Regulus also had distinctly regal associations, as it was known as the King Star.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: The Roman poet Ovid called it "Herculeus Leo" and "Violentus Leo". "Bacchi Sidus" (star of Bacchus) was another of its titles, the god Bacchus always being identified with this animal. However, Manilius called it "Jovis et Junonis Sidus" (Star of Jupiter and Juno).

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: Leo is commonly represented as if the sickle-shaped asterism of stars is the back of the Lion's head. The sickle is marked by six stars: Epsilon Leonis, Mu Leonis, Zeta Leonis, Gamma Leonis, Eta Leonis, and Alpha Leonis. The lion's tail is marked by Beta Leonis (Denebola) and the rest of his body is delineated by Delta Leonis and Theta Leonis.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Leo (constellation)

Context: , the Sun appears in the constellation Leo from August 10 to September 16. In tropical astrology, the Sun is considered to be in the sign Leo from July 23 to August 22, and in sidereal astrology, from August 16 to September 17.

Question: ما عدد نجوم كوكبة العظاءة؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Eric Emerson Schmidt (born April 27, 1955) is an American businessman and software engineer known for being the CEO of Google from 2001 to 2011, executive chairman of Google from 2011 to 2015, executive chairman of Alphabet Inc. from 2015 to 2017, and Technical Advisor at Alphabet from 2017 to 2020.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: As an intern at Bell Labs, Schmidt in 1975 was co-author of Lex, a software program to generate lexical analysers for the Unix computer operating system. From 1997 to 2001, he was chief executive officer (CEO) of Novell. He has served on various other boards in academia and industry, including the Boards of Trustees for Carnegie Mellon University, Apple, Princeton University, and Mayo Clinic.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In 2008, during his tenure as Google chairman, Schmidt campaigned for Barack Obama, and subsequently became a member of Obama's President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, with Eric Lander. Lander later became Joe Biden's science advisor. In the meantime, Schmidt had left Google, and founded philanthropic venture Schmidt Futures, in 2017. Under Lander's tenure, Schmidt Futures provided the compensation for two science-office employees in the Office of Science and Technology Policy.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: As of April 2022, "Bloomberg Billionaires Index" ranked Schmidt as the 54th-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $25.1 billion.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Schmidt was born in Falls Church, Virginia, and grew up in Falls Church and Blacksburg, Virginia. He is one of three sons of Eleanor, who had a master's degree in psychology, and Wilson Emerson Schmidt, a professor of international economics at Virginia Tech and Johns Hopkins University, who worked at the U.S. Treasury Department during the Nixon Administration. Schmidt spent part of his childhood in Italy as a result of his father's work and has stated that it had changed his outlook.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Schmidt graduated from Yorktown High School in the Yorktown neighborhood of Arlington County, Virginia, in 1972, after earning eight varsity letter awards in long-distance running. He attended Princeton University, starting as an architecture major and switching to electrical engineering, earning a Bachelor of Science in Engineering degree in 1976.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: From 1976 to 1980, Schmidt resided at the International House Berkeley, where he met his future wife, Wendy Boyle.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In 1979, at the University of California, Berkeley, Schmidt earned an M.S. degree for designing and implementing a network (Berknet) linking the campus computer center with the CS and EECS departments. There, he also earned a PhD degree in 1982 in EECS, with a dissertation about the problems of managing distributed software development and tools for solving these problems.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Early in his career, Schmidt held a series of technical positions with IT companies including Byzromotti Design, Bell Labs (in research and development), Zilog, and Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: During his summers at Bell Labs, he and Mike Lesk wrote Lex, a program used in compiler construction that generates lexical-analyzers from regular-expression descriptions.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In 1983, Schmidt joined Sun Microsystems as its first software manager. He rose to become director of software engineering, vice president and general manager of the software products division, vice president of the general systems group, and president of Sun Technology Enterprises.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: During his time at Sun, he was the target of two notable April Fool's Day pranks. In the first, his office was taken apart and rebuilt on a platform in the middle of a pond, complete with a working phone and workstation on the corporate Ethernet network. The next year, a working Volkswagen Beetle was taken apart and re-assembled in his office.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In April 1997, Schmidt became the CEO and chairman of the board of Novell. He presided over a period of decline at Novell where its IPX protocol was being replaced by open TCP/IP products, while at the same time Microsoft was shipping free TCP/IP stacks in Windows 95, making Novell much less profitable. In 2001, he departed after the acquisition of Cambridge Technology Partners.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin interviewed Schmidt. Impressed by him, they recruited Schmidt to run their company in 2001 under the guidance of venture capitalists John Doerr and Michael Moritz.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Upon being hired at Google, Eric Schmidt was paid a salary of $250,000 and an annual performance bonus. He was granted 14,331,703 shares of Class B common stock at $0.30 per share and 426,892 shares of Series C preferred stock at purchase price of $2.34.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In 2004, Schmidt and the Google founders agreed to a base salary of US$1 (which continued through 2010) with other compensation of $557,465 in 2006, $508,763 in 2008, and $243,661 in 2009. He did not receive any additional stock or options in 2009 or 2010.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In 2007, "PC World" ranked Schmidt as the first on its list of the 50 most important people on the Web, along with Google co-founders Page and Brin.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Schmidt is one of a few people who became billionaires (in United States dollars) based on stock options received as employees in corporations of which they were neither the founders nor relatives of the founders, such as Meg Whitman.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In its 2011 'World's Billionaires' list, "Forbes" ranked Schmidt as the 136th-richest person in the world, with an estimated wealth of $7 billion.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: On January 20, 2011, Google announced that Schmidt would step down as the CEO of Google but would take new title as executive chairman of the company and act as an adviser to co-founders Page and Brin. Google gave him a $100 million equity award in 2011 when he stepped down as CEO. On April 4, 2011, Page replaced Schmidt as the CEO.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: On December 21, 2017, Schmidt announced he would be stepping down as the executive chairman of Alphabet. Schmidt stated that "Larry, Sergey, Sundar and I all believe that the time is right in Alphabet's evolution for this transition."

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In February 2020, Schmidt left his post as technical advisor of Alphabet after 19 years with the company.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In March 2016 it was announced that Eric Schmidt would chair a new advisory board for the Department of Defense, titled the Defense Innovation Advisory Board. The advisory board serves as a forum connecting mainstays in the technology sector with those in the Pentagon.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: To avoid potential conflicts of interest within the role, where Schmidt retained his role as technical adviser to Alphabet, and where Google's bidding for the multi-million dollar Pentagon cloud contract, the Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure, or JEDI, was ongoing: Schmidt screened emails and other communications, stating, "“There’s a rule: I’m not allowed to be briefed” about Google or Alphabet business as it relates to the Defense Department". He exited the position November 2020.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: From 2019 to 2021, Schmidt chaired the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence with Robert O. Work.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: On August 28, 2006, Schmidt was elected to Apple Inc.'s board of directors, a position he held until August 2009.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Schmidt sat on the boards of trustees of Carnegie Mellon University and Princeton University. He taught at Stanford Graduate School of Business in the 2000s. Schmidt serves on the boards of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, the Khan Academy, and "The Economist".

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: New America is a non-profit public-policy institute and think tank, founded in 1999. Schmidt succeeded founding chairman James Fallows in 2008 and served as chairman until 2016.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Founded in 2010 by Schmidt and Dror Berman, Innovation Endeavors is an early-stage venture capital. The fund, based in Palo Alto, California, invested in companies such as Mashape, Uber, Quixey, Gogobot, BillGuard, and Formlabs.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: In July 2020, Schmidt started working with the US government to create a tech college as part of an initiative to educate future coders, cyber-security experts and scientists.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Schmidt has proposed that the easiest way to solve all of the domestic problems of the United States at once is by a stimulus program that rewards renewable energy and, over time, attempts to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Secretary of Defense Ash Carter appointed Schmidt as chairman of the DoD Innovation Advisory Board announced March 2, 2016. It will be modeled like the Defense Business Board and will facilitate the Pentagon at becoming more innovative and adaptive.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Schmidt is an investor in The Groundwork, a start-up company associated with Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. For example, it charged the campaign $177,000 in the second quarter of 2015. By May 2016, the campaign had spent $500,000 on it.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Schmidt is an investor in Timshel, another start up company associated with Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Timshel is the parent company of The Groundwork.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: The Schmidt Family Foundation was established in 2006 by Wendy Schmidt and Eric Schmidt to address issues of sustainability and the responsible use of natural resources.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: Schmidt and his wife established the Eric & Wendy Schmidt Data Science for Social Good Fellowship, a University of Chicago summer school program for aspiring data scientists.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: The Schmidt Family Foundation's subsidiaries include ReMain Nantucket and the Marine Science and Technology Foundation; its main charitable program is the 11th Hour Project. The foundation has also awarded grants to the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Energy Foundation.

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟


Eric Schmidt

Context: The foundation is the main funder of the Schmidt Ocean Institute, which supports oceanographic research by operating .

Question: هل سبق ودخلت شركة ألفابت قائمة فوربس جلوبال لأكبر شركات البرمجيات؟