Professional wrestling match types

Context: The flag match is essentially the professional wrestling version of capture the flag. For the match two flags are placed on opposite turnbuckles, each representing a specific wrestler or team of wrestlers and the objective of the match is to retrieve the opponent's flag and raise it while defending the flag in the wrestler's corner. If the referee is knocked down and cannot acknowledge the win, the defender can put the flag back in its place, thus resetting the match.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: An Anthem match is a variation of a flag match with the added stipulation that the national anthem of the winning wrestler's or team's home country will be played in the arena after the match, similarly to a medal ceremony. This can be used to promote patriotism for the face wrestler or heat for the heel wrestler.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Another variation of the Anthem Match can be a regular Interpromotion match between two wrestlers, each usually representing a different promotion, fighting for the right to raise the flag of their respected promotion. This variation was only used at ECW's November to Remember 1997 in a match between Rob Van Dam (representing WWE) vs. Tommy Dreamer (representing ECW) which ended in a no-contest.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Some promotions, such as Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling, the International Wrestling Association of Japan, International Wrestling Syndicate, Extreme Championship Wrestling, Big Japan Pro Wrestling, and Combat Zone Wrestling, have specialized in hardcore matches, with "standard" non-hardcore matches being the exception.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: An Anus Explosion Deathmatch is a match where the only way to win is to stick a firecracker up an opponent's buttocks and light it. Once the firecracker goes off while lodged inside an incapacitated wrestler's buttocks, the match ends. This match was only done once, by Japanese hardcore wrestling promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling in October 1999, where Mr. Gannosuke faced off against Hayabusa.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The beds of object(s) deathmatch is a hardcore match that has beds of thumbtacks, nails, barbed wire, glass, broken lightbulbs and/or mixed.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Crocodile Deathmatch is an animal deathmatch, with the added stipulation that the loser must wrestle a crocodile at the completion of the match. An example of this match would be between Mitsuhiro Matsunaga and Shadow WX.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Eye for an Eye match is a hardcore match that could only be won when one competitor "extracts" an eye of their opponent. This match only occurred once between Rey Mysterio and Seth Rollins at The Horror Show at Extreme Rules.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Doomsday Chamber of Blood match, created by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, is a First Blood match that takes place inside of a barbed wire topped cage.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Sadistic Madness match, created by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, is another variation of the First Blood match, the main difference being that the opponent must be bleeding before a wrestler can legally pin them.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Pools of Fuckery Deathmatch is similar to a Four Corners of Pain match, only the harmful items in each corner are in small plastic pools. This match originated in the independent wrestling promotion Asylum Wrestling Revolution (AMR), where Mickie Knuckles faced Akira in this match in March 2021.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Hard Ten match was created by TNA. It is contested on a points system, where the points are earned for the use of weapons. The first wrestler to earn ten points and be at least two points ahead is the winner. Regular strikes with a weapon are worth one point while putting an opponent through a table is worth five points. Unlike the tables match, a wrestler simply moving out of the way and letting an opponent put them self through a table does count. This match type happens only once in TNA history.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A 2/3 Light Tube Log Cabins Deathmatch is a match where the only way to win is to break two shaped light tube weapons over and/or on an opponent. Combat Zone Wrestling has used this match in their Tournament of Death series.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Monster's Ball match typically features numerous high spots. There have been 54 matches taking place under TNA, as well as several unaffiliated independent promotions hosting the match. The match has almost always featured Abyss in some capacity, wrestling in 48 and managing in one, as it is his signature match. There are various weapons frequently used in the match, including Thumb tacks, "Janice" (A board filled with nails, Abyss's signature weapon) and a bed of barbed wire.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: No-disqualification matches may be used in feuds in which a challenger may have won matches against the champion, but did not claim the championship because the champion was disqualified (championships usually only change hands via pinfall or submission).

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Unless stipulated, a no-disqualification match can end in a countout. Those that cannot are no-disqualification, no-countout matches.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Razor Deathmatch is an often extremely bloody match where boards full of razor blades are made available as weapons. This match is known for Japanese hardcore wrestler Jun Kasai's 5-time participation in this kind of match.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Miracle on a 34th Street Fight is a Christmas-themed variant of a Street Fight, named after the movie Miracle on 34th Street, involving Christmas-themed weapons including fire extinguishers, pumpkin pies, presents, Christmas trees, Christmas wreaths, candy cane themed kendo sticks, bowling balls, and teddy bears, plus common wrestling weapons such as tables and chairs.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Trick or Street Fight is a Halloween-themed variant of a Street Fight, named after the Halloween tradition "trick or treating", involving Halloween-themed weapons including pumpkins, buckets of candy, bowls full of water and apples, skeletons, witches' brooms, gravestones, candy corn themed kendo sticks, plus common wrestling weapons such as tables and chairs.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: In a Taipei deathmatch the wrestlers' fists are taped and dipped into glue and in broken and crushed glass, allowing shards to stick to their fists. Win by pinfall, submission or escape.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: An Unlucky 13 Deathmatch is a match was invented by Ian Rotten. In order to win the match, a wrestler must staple seven out of thirteen one dollar bills to their opponent's mouth.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: An Anything Goes Iron Man match is the hardcore variation of an Iron Man match: there are no disqualifications, no countouts and falls count anywhere. John Cena faced Randy Orton in an Anything Goes Iron Man match at Bragging Rights 2009.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Thunder Queen battle is a hybrid tag team/iron woman match was used in All Japan Women's Pro-Wrestling where the two teams of four members wrestle each other. The match starts off with individual members will have a five-minute singles Iron Woman match (20 minutes total each), followed by a 40-minute tag team Iron Woman match. The team with the highest total number of points within the time limit wins.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: An Ultimate Submission match is a variation of an Iron Man match where the only way to score a fall within the allotted time limit is to make your opponent submit. Chris Benoit and Kurt Angle had an Ultimate Submission match at Backlash 2001 for 30 minutes plus one minute and 33 seconds of tie-breaking overtime.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: An Dungeon match is a match that took place in the legendary Hart Family Dungeon in Calgary, where Owen Hart challenged Ken Shamrock to come to the Dungeon (referred to as Hart's "basement") for a fight.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Tooth and Nail match is a Falls Count Anywhere-stipulation match that is fought in and around a dental office, and any weapon is legal. This is Britt Baker's speciality match, based on her role as a dentist in both kayfabe and off-screen reality, and the objective of this match is to achieve a pinfall, submission or countout.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A "Canadian" lumberjack match is a variation of a lumberjack match in which the lumberjacks are equipped with leather straps. TNA's "fan's revenge" lumberjack match did their own version of a Canadian lumberjack match where fans equipped with straps act as lumberjacks and were encouraged to whip wrestlers.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Extreme Lumberjack match is a lumberjack match competed under hardcore rules, where there are no disqualifications, no countouts, and falls count anywhere.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: On some occasions, a match may be held between more than two individual wrestlers or teams. Multi-competitor matches are often broken down to eliminations and non-eliminations.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: In many promotions, there are typically no distinctions between the two terms. Non-elimination variations are the four-way match (known as a Fatal Four-Way in WWE, Four Corners in WCW), the five-way match (known as a Fatal Five-Way in WWE) or the six-way match (known as the Six-Pack Challenge in WWE), involving four, five, or six wrestlers, respectively.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: American independent promotion USA Xtreme Wrestling hosted a match involving 8–12 competitors known as the 8 Ball Challenge. These types of matches can be used in certain situations to take a title off a wrestler without weakening him in the process.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The most common example of an elimination match is the Three-Way Dance, where the first fall would eliminate one wrestler, reducing the match to a standard one-fall singles match. The Three-Way Dance was a specialty of Extreme Championship Wrestling.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Elimination Chase, first used in WWE's version of ECW brand in 2007, is a series of multi-competitor, one fall matches, with the loser of the fall being eliminated from future matches until one competitor remains.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Occasionally, a match would take place under the rules of a different type of contest. Like professional wrestling matches, the matches would be worked, with the participants not being in the perceived danger and the winner being predetermined.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: An arm wrestling match, in the context of professional wrestling, is a basic arm wrestling contest. It can be contested between two females, two males or between one male and one female. Often the male in the latter will be a manager going against the wrestler of a competitor.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The professional wrestling version of a boxing match has standard boxing rules applied to it. Wrestlers wear boxing gloves and the match is contested in rounds with fouls given out, though the matches are generally worked and end with one wrestler cheating and using wrestling maneuvers.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The professional wrestling version of a mixed martial arts (MMA) match under standard MMA. As in MMA, pinfalls are not a valid method of victory. Matches can typically only be won by knockout, submission, disqualification, forfeit or by going to a referee's decision.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Sumo Monster Truck match is a regular tug-o-war contest where two wrestlers are driving monster trucks, pushing and shoving each other. An example of this match type is at the Halloween Havoc (1995) pay-per-view between Hulk Hogan and The Giant.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Battle Riot is Major League Wrestling's "Rumble" style battle royal. This match isn't that much different from other Pin, Submission & Over the top rope elimination rumble rules, however is different from the WWE Royal Rumble, of which you can only get eliminated via going over the top rope with both feet hitting the floor.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: New Japan Pro-Wrestling's annual "Rumble" battle royal, takes place on the pre-show of Wrestle Kingdom on January 4. Participants enter at one minute intervals and are eliminated via pinfall, submission or by being thrown over the top rope. Typically leaning towards light comedy, the match includes past stars as surprise entrants.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Series matches may involve the same match throughout, or may use different matches for some or all of the series.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Best of Three Series is a match that has a set time limit with preset breaks where the wrestlers must cease all contact and return to their corners to rest, in mimicry of boxing. Like the Iron Man match, each pinfall or submission counts as a point, with the winner being the wrestler with the most points at the end of all the rounds.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A "Best of Series" style is similar to a two out of three falls, though takes place over several nights to extend a feud rather than settle it in one night. One variation is a Best of Five Series where a wrestler must win three matches to win the series. John Cena defeated Booker T 3–2 to win the WWE United States Championship at No Mercy (2004).

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Best of Seven Series is another variation, where a wrestler must win four matches to win the series. Sheamus and Cesaro ended in a 3–3 draw when their seventh match at Clash of Champions (2016) ended in a no-contest.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Two out of Three falls match is a multiple-fall match where a wrestler/team must beat the other opponent/team not once but twice in that same match. (by pinfall, submission, disqualification, or countout). For such examples of this match type are the Extreme Rules 2012 between Daniel Bryan vs. Sheamus and Chris Benoit vs. Chris Jericho at the SummerSlam (2000) pay-per-view. Also, an tag team variation of this match type is at the

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Payback (2015) pay-per-view between The New Day vs. Cesaro & Tyson Kidd for the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Gate Of Heaven match is a match that is applied to tag team matches. Started in Dragon Gate, with the first match being a strict tag team match with two referees to make sure tags actually happen. The second match being the Dragon Gate rules. The third match, if necessary; tables, ladders and chairs are now legal. The first team to gain two victories before the other is the winner.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: An Three Degrees of Pain match is a hybrid two out of three falls/steel cage match where a wrestler must achieve a victory in the specific order before the other. The first victory is a pinfall, the second victory is a submission, and the third victory is to escape from the steel cage. There have only been two of these matches occurred in TNA history and both were feud-enders. For this reason, Kurt Angle is the only wrestler to have competed in both matches.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: As professional wrestling seeks to also tell a story, some matches are made solely for the purposes of advancing the plot. This typically involves the loser of a match being penalized in some way.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Jailhouse match is a singles match with the exception that the loser would have to spend the night in a New York City jail cell. This match featured heavy brawling by both competitors The Mountie and Big Bossman at SummerSlam 1991. At one point the Mountie tried to use his cattle prod, but missed. Bossman got the pin following a double leg slam and NYC police officers came down to handcuff the Mountie and take him to jail.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Loser Wears a Chicken Suit match is a singles match where the loser must wear a chicken suit either following the match or at another event soon after. Col. Robert Parker had to wear a chicken suit on the January 29, 1994 episode of "WCW Saturday Night" following his loss to Flyin’ Brian Pillman at Clash of the Champions XXVI.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Loser Wears Dress match is a singles match with the exception that the loser must wear a dress temporarily. The match is won by pinfall or submission. An example of this type of match is at Souled Out (1999) between Chris Jericho and Perry Saturn which Jericho won.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The retirement stipulation can be applied to just one wrestler or both wrestlers in a match can be wrestling for their careers. More loosely, the term can refer to the last match of a (usually "legendary") wrestler's career. Such a match is designed to be a last hurrah, showcasing the wrestler's talent one last time for their fans. Some examples of this stipulation of match are Shawn Michaels vs. Ric Flair at WrestleMania XXIV, and Shawn Michaels vs. The Undertaker at WrestleMania XXVI

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: In two kinds of matches, a wrestler does not win by pinfall or submission, but only by stripping their opponent of their clothing. Historically, these types of matches were contested between managers or valets, due to their supposed lack of wrestling ability. In the Attitude Era, however, full-time female wrestlers (known formerly as Divas in WWE) began engaging in strip matches for the purpose of titillation.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: An evening gown match is usually contested by two female competitors. The victor of the match is the wrestler who removes the evening gown off of her opponent.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A tuxedo match is contested between two male competitors in tuxedos. To win, a wrestler must strip their opponent's tuxedo off. WCW had a famous tuxedo match between the two managers of The Midnight Express, Jim Cornette and Paul E. Dangerously. Rather than try to remove each other's clothing they just beat each other, to the best of their ability.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A submission match is typically a match in which pinfalls, count-outs, and disqualifications are not legal and the match could only end by making an opponent tap out to a submission hold.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Submission Count Anywhere match was debuted at Breaking Point 2009 between D-Generation X and The Legacy where a wrestler can be submitted anywhere to win. Also, there are no pinfalls, no disqualifications, and no countouts. This match occurred only once in WWE history.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The match is contested in a large container filled with various substances, typically between two female individuals who may or may not have experience with wrestling. Substances can include anything from mud to chocolate milk. Sometimes, specialty substances are used for certain occasions like gravy for Thanksgiving and egg nog for Christmas.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A notable example of this match type was the Mimosa Mayhem Match, which was contested between Chris Jericho and Orange Cassidy at All Elite Wrestling's All Out pay-per-view in September 2020, where the only ways to gain victory were by pinfall, submission or by knocking the opponent into a large vat of mimosa. Unlike the traditional reasoning, the theme fit with both parties' gimmicks: Jericho was promoting his own line of champagne, and Cassidy is billed as "Freshly Squeezed" as part of his gimmick.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Another example of this match was the Pudding match when Candice Michelle defeated Melina in one of these matches.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Blood Bath match is a no-disqualification match where the first to be covered in a vat of blood dispensed from a bucket loses. The Brood members Edge and Gangrel had a Blood Bath match on WWE Raw in August 1999.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A variation of a Mud Match is the Hog Pen match, which is a Mud Match held in a pig pen on a farm, often filled with mud and pig excrement. Triple H and Henry O. Godwinn participated in a Hog Pen match at WWE's In Your House 5 in December 1995. The only objective to win is to be the first wrestler to throw his opponent into an pig pen.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Matches are often contested between two or more teams, most often consisting of two members each. Tag team matches can range from two teams of two fighting, to multiple man teams challenging each other.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Another variation of the four-way tag team match is to have a member of each of the four teams in competition while their partners are on the apron and the active member who scores a pinfall or submission wins the match for the team. One example of this variation was contested for the SmackDown Tag Team Championship at Clash of Champions (2017).

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Sometimes a team will have members of three, four or five in non-elimination tag matches. They are often named based on the number of participants and gender involved. Six-Man (Six-Woman) Tag Team match (known as Trios match in AEW) is one variation. The Wyatt Family defeated The Shield at Elimination Chamber (2014) in a six-man tag team match.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Tag team matches are occasionally held under elimination rules; that is, the losing wrestler is eliminated from the match, but their team is allowed to continue with their remaining members until all members of one team are eliminated.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: WWE also can have three (triple threat) or four (fatal four-way) tag teams going against each other as well. Anyone can be tagged in by anyone else and can be subject to immediate disqualification for failure to accept a tag. When a wrestler is pinned or submitted, the entire team is eliminated and the last team remaining wins.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A captain's fall match is a match where two teams of multiple competitors compete in an elimination match and captains are assigned to both teams. The purpose of the match is to score a fall over the captain to get the win. Eliminations may occur until the captain is pinned or submitted, the team loses if a captain is pinned.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A tables and stables match are similar to table matches, however, in an elimination styled-manner. Two teams consisting of four members compete, and one wrestler can be eliminated either getting dropped by their opponent through a table or accidentally falling by themselves. As with a normal table match, the match is a no disqualification and a no countout match.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Primarily associated with Ring of Honor (ROH), An Ultimate Endurance match is an tag team elimination match that typically includes three to four tag teams with the members of two. The match starts off with a particular set of special stipulations, with the stipulation changing every time a team is eliminated. These stipulations are predetermined and are not limited to any specific type.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Strange Bedfellows match is a match where a member of one tag team has to team up with a member of another tag team they are feuding with. One example of this was when Matt Hardy had to team up with Christian against his brother/tag team partner Jeff Hardy and Christian's tag team partner Edge.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: Through the use of foreign objects, the matches generally take the name of the weapon being used ("Singapore cane match", "Chairs match"). In the following list of weapon-based matches additional rules have supplanted or replaced the standard rules.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Bricks match is a match where concrete bricks are made available as weapons. Bricks were often integrated into no-rope barbed wire deathmatches, and bricks first made their appearance in Japanese deathmatches in 1993.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Chairs match, also known as a steel chair match, is a standard weapons match with chairs being the only legal weapon. The match can be won by standard pinfall or submission.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Country Whipping match is a match where all competitors are armed with leather belts, which is the only legal weapon in the match. This was known to be The Godwinns speciality match.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Good Housekeeping match is a match where various items usually found in private homes such as trashcans, kitchen sinks, ironing boards, pans, tables, brooms, utensils and various raw food ingredients are made available as weapons and these are the only legal weapons. This match is fought under no-countout rules. Jeff Jarrett fought Chyna in a Good Housekeeping match at WWE's No Mercy 1999.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Full Metal Mayhem match is a variation on a TLC match (see below), where in addition to tables and chairs being present, steel chains are made available, and any other weapon that is metallic (trashcans, thumbtacks) often make appearances. This match originated in TNA Impact Wrestling and this promotion has had at least one of these matches every year since 2005.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Biker Chain match is a match where a chain is attached to a pole and is the only legal weapon, but the object of this match is to pin your opponent. Brock Lesnar and The Undertaker did a Biker Chain match at WWE's No Mercy 2003.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Dog Collar match is a type of strap match where instead of a leather strap at a wrist, the competing wrestlers are bound together by the neck via dog collars and chains. Made famous by the match between Roddy Piper and Greg Valentine at , AEW has brought the match back in recent times, with Brodie Lee vs. Cody following the stipulation in 2020 (the last match of the former's career before his death later that year), and CM Punk vs. MJF at Revolution being highly regarded for their violence.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Russian Chain match is a type of strap match where instead of an elastic strap, a thick, 15-foot steel chain is used to bound the wrestlers, and this chain is often used as a weapon. This match has come under many names, including a Texas Chain match (a Biker Chain match is a variation of an Object on a Pole match) The Russian Chain match was the speciality match of Ivan Koloff and Boris Malenko.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Texas Bullrope match is a type of strap match where the wrestlers are bound together by a thick cattle rope with a cowbell in the center; the objective of this match is to achieve a single pinfall. The Rock had his own signature match, the Brahma Bullrope match which was a renamed Texas Bullrope match.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Tables match is a match in which, to win, one's opponent must somehow be driven through a table with an offensive move by their opponent. It can only be won with an .

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Flaming Tables Match, an Extreme Championship Wrestling specialty match, where the tables are set on fire, and the only way to win is to put opponents through the lit tables.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Two out of Three Tables match is a hardcore match where it can only be won when a wrestler/team puts their opponent/team through two tables, but it does not have to be at the same time. Performing an move on double tables can also does not count as well. It is also a variation of a two out of three falls match.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: For a taped fist match the wrestlers are allowed to tape and/or wrap their hands to allow them to punch harder without damaging their hands. The wrestlers must compete with their fists taped, the idea being that this would make it harder to grab each other while at the same time protecting their hands while punching, basically encouraging the athletes to "fight" instead of wrestle. In one variation, the Taipei Death match, the taped fists are dipped in

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: The Weapon Rumble match is a stipulation invented in DDT Pro-Wrestling in which, similarly to a Rumble rules match, with every time interval a new weapon is introduced in the match. The weapons are chosen by the participants beforehand and can widely vary due to the loose interpretation of the definition of a "weapon" that's used by the company in a comedic manner.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Professional wrestling match types

Context: A Winner Takes All match, also known as a title-versus-title match, is a match in which both wrestlers (or teams if a tag team match) are champions going into the match, and the winner receives the championship of the loser, thus "taking all". This differs from a championship unification match, where one championship is absorbed into the other and retired/deactivated. In a Winner Take All scenario, both titles are still active and defended as separate entities.

Question: Где проходят бои по борьбе?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Alexander II (; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Born in Moscow, Alexander Nikolayevich was the eldest son of Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia (daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia and of Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz). His early life gave little indication of his ultimate potential; until the time of his accession in 1855, aged 37, few imagined that posterity would know him for implementing the most challenging reforms undertaken in Russia since the reign of Peter the Great.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: His uncle Emperor Alexander I died childless. Grand Duke Konstantin, the next-younger brother of Alexander I, had previously renounced his rights to the throne of Russia. Thus, Alexander's father, who was the third son of Paul I, became the new Emperor; he took the name Nicholas I. At that time, Alexander became Tsarevich as his father's heir to the throne.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: In the period of his life as heir apparent (1825 to 1855), the intellectual atmosphere of Saint Petersburg did not favour any kind of change: freedom of thought and all forms of private initiative were suppressed vigorously by the order of his father. Personal and official censorship was rife; criticism of the authorities was regarded as a serious offence.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: In 1839, when his parents sent him on a tour of Europe, he met twenty-year-old Queen Victoria and both fell in love. Simon Sebag Montefiore speculates that a small romance emerged. Such a marriage, however, would not work, as Alexander was not a minor prince of Europe and was in line to inherit a throne himself. In 1847, Alexander donated money to Ireland during the Great Famine.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: He has been described as looking like a German, somewhat of a pacifist, a heavy smoker and card player.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Encouraged by public opinion, Alexander began a period of radical reforms, including an attempt not to depend on landed aristocracy controlling the poor, an effort to develop Russia's natural resources, and to reform all branches of the administration.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Boris Chicherin (1828-1904) was a political philosopher who believed that Russia needed a strong, authoritative government by Alexander to make the reforms possible. He praised Alexander for the range of his fundamental reforms, arguing that the tsar was:

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: The Emancipation Reform of 1861 abolished serfdom on private estates throughout the Russian Empire. Serfs gained the full rights of free citizens, including rights to marry without having to gain consent, to own property, and to own a business. The measure was the first and most important of the liberal reforms made by Alexander II.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: A host of new reforms followed in diverse areas. The tsar appointed Dmitry Milyutin to carry out significant reforms in the Russian armed forces. Further important changes were made concerning industry and commerce, and the new freedom thus afforded produced a large number of limited liability companies. Plans were formed for building a great network of railways, partly to develop the natural resources of the country, and partly to increase its power for defense and attack.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Alexander's bureaucracy instituted an elaborate scheme of local self-government (zemstvo) for the rural districts (1864) and the large towns (1870), with elective assemblies possessing a restricted right of taxation, and a new rural and municipal police under the direction of the Minister of the Interior.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Under Alexander's rules Jews could not own land, and were restricted in travel. However special taxes on Jews were eliminated and those who graduated from secondary school were permitted to live outside the Pale of Settlement, and became eligible for state employment. Large numbers of educated Jews moved as soon as possible to Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and other major cities.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: The Alaska colony was losing money, and would be impossible to defend in wartime against Britain, so in 1867 Russia sold Alaska to the United States for $7.2 million (equivalent to $ million in dollars). The Russian administrators, soldiers, settlers, and some of the priests returned home. Others stayed to minister to their native parishioners, who remain members of the Russian Orthodox Church into the 21st century.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: After Alexander II became Emperor of Russia and King of Poland in 1855, he substantially relaxed the strict and repressive regime that had been imposed on Congress Poland after the November Uprising of 1830–1831.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: The martial law in Lithuania, introduced in 1863, lasted for the next 40 years. Native languages, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, and Belarussian, were completely banned from printed texts, the Ems Ukase being an example. The Polish language was banned in both oral and written form from all provinces except Congress Poland, where it was allowed in private conversations only.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Nikolay Milyutin was installed as governor and he decided that the best response to the January Uprising was to make reforms regarding the peasants. He devised a program which involved the emancipation of the peasantry at the expense of the nationalist "szlachta" landowners and the expulsion of Roman Catholic priests from schools. Emancipation of the Polish peasantry from their serf-like status took place in 1864, on more generous terms than the emancipation of Russian peasants in 1861.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: These reforms could be seen as results of a genuine belief that reforms were easier to test in an underpopulated, homogeneous country than in the whole of Russia. They may also be seen as a reward for the loyalty of its relatively western-oriented population during the Crimean War and during the Polish uprising. Encouraging Finnish nationalism and language can also be seen as an attempt to dilute ties with Sweden.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: During the Crimean War Austria maintained a policy of hostile neutrality towards Russia, and, while not going to war, was supportive of the Anglo-French coalition. Having abandoned its alliance with Russia, Austria was diplomatically isolated following the war, which contributed to Russia's non-intervention in the 1859 Franco-Austrian War, which meant the end of Austrian influence in Italy; and in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, with the loss of its influence in most German-speaking lands.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Russia supported the Union, largely due to the view that the U.S. served as a counterbalance to their geopolitical rival, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1863, the Russian Navy's Baltic and Pacific fleets wintered in the American ports of New York and San Francisco, respectively.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: In the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) the states of Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro gained international recognition of their independence and Bulgaria achieved its autonomy from direct Ottoman rule. Russia took over Southern Bessarabia, lost in 1856.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: After the failure of the Constantinople Conference, at the beginning of 1877 Emperor Alexander II started diplomatic preparations with the other Great Powers to secure their neutrality in case of a war between Russia and the Ottomans. Alexander II considered such agreements paramount in avoiding the possibility of causing his country a disaster similar to the Crimean War.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: For his social reforms in Russia and his role in the liberation of Bulgaria, Alexander II became known in Bulgaria as the "Tsar-Liberator of Russians and Bulgarians".

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: A monument to Alexander II was erected in 1907 in Sofia in the "National Assembly" square, opposite to the Parliament building. The monument underwent a complete reconstruction in 2012, funded by the Sofia Municipality and some Russian foundations. The inscription on the monument reads in Old-Bulgarian style: "To the Tsar-Liberator from grateful Bulgaria". There is a museum dedicated to Alexander in the Bulgarian city of Pleven.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: During the 1867 World Fair Polish immigrant Antoni Berezowski attacked the carriage containing Alexander, his two sons and Napoleon III. His self-modified, double-barreled pistol misfired and struck a horse of an escorting cavalryman.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: On the morning of 20 April 1879, Alexander was briskly walking towards the Square of the Guards Staff and faced Alexander Soloviev, a 33-year-old former student. Having seen a menacing revolver in his hands, the Emperor fled in a zigzag pattern. Soloviev fired five times but missed; he was sentenced to death and hanged on 28 May.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: The student acted on his own, but other revolutionaries were keen to murder Alexander. In December 1879, the "Narodnaya Volya" (People's Will), a radical revolutionary group which hoped to ignite a social revolution, organised an explosion on the railway from Livadia to Moscow, but they missed the emperor's train.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: After the last assassination attempt in February 1880, Count Loris-Melikov was appointed the head of the Supreme Executive Commission and given extraordinary powers to fight the revolutionaries. Loris-Melikov's proposals called for some form of parliamentary body, and the Emperor seemed to agree; these plans were never realised.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: The street was flanked by narrow pavements for the public. A young member of the "Narodnaya Volya" ("People's Will") movement, Nikolai Rysakov, was carrying a small white package wrapped in a handkerchief. He later said of his attempt to kill the Tsar:

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: The explosion, while killing one of the Cossacks and seriously wounding the driver and people on the sidewalk, had only damaged the bulletproof carriage, a gift from Napoleon III of France. The emperor emerged shaken but unhurt. Rysakov was captured almost immediately. Police Chief Dvorzhitsky heard Rysakov shout out to someone else in the gathering crowd. The surrounding guards and the Cossacks urged the emperor to leave the area at once rather than being shown the site of the explosion.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Nevertheless, a second young member of the "Narodnaya Volya", Ignacy Hryniewiecki, standing by the canal fence, raised both arms and threw something at the emperor's feet. He was alleged to have shouted, "It is too early to thank God". Dvorzhitsky was later to write:

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Later, it was learned there was a third bomber in the crowd. Ivan Emelyanov stood ready, clutching a briefcase containing a bomb that was to be used if the other two bombers failed.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Alexander was carried by sleigh to the Winter Palace to his study where almost the same day twenty years earlier, he had signed the Emancipation Edict freeing the serfs. Alexander was bleeding to death, with his legs torn away, his stomach ripped open, and his face mutilated. Members of the Romanov family came rushing to the scene.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: The dying emperor was given Communion and Last Rites. When the attending physician, Sergey Botkin, was asked how long it would be, he replied, "Up to fifteen minutes." At 3:30 that day, the standard of Alexander II (his personal flag) was lowered for the last time.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Alexander II's death caused a great setback for the reform movement. One of his last acts was the approval of Mikhail Loris-Melikov's constitutional reforms. Though the reforms were conservative in practice, their significance lay in the value Alexander II attributed to them: "I have given my approval, but I do not hide from myself the fact that it is the first step towards a constitution."

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: In a matter of 48 hours, Alexander II planned to release these plans to the Russian people. Instead, following his succession, Alexander III, under the advice of Konstantin Pobedonostsev, chose to abandon these reforms and went on to pursue a policy of greater autocratic power.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Finally, the tsar's assassination also inspired anarchists to advocate "'propaganda by deed'—the use of a spectacular act of violence to incite revolution."

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: In 1881, the Alexander Church, designed by Theodor Decker and named after Alexander II, was completed in Tampere. Also, with construction starting in 1883, the Church of the Savior on Blood was built on the site of Alexander's assassination and dedicated in his memory.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: In April 1840, Alexander's engagement to Princess Marie was officially announced. In August, the 16-year-old Marie left Darmstadt for Russia. In December, she was received into the Orthodox Church and received the names "Maria Alexandrovna".

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Alexander's second son, Grand Duke Alexander became tsarevich and married the late Tsarevich Nicholas's fiancée. The couple married in November 1866, with Dagmar converting to Orthodoxy and taking the name Maria Feodorovna.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: On , Alexander II married his mistress Catherine Dolgorukova morganatically in a secret ceremony at Tsarskoe Selo. The action scandalized both his family and the court. It violated Orthodox custom which required a minimum period of 40 days mourning between the death of a spouse and the remarriage of a surviving spouse, eliciting criticism in foreign courts. Alexander bestowed on Catherine the title of Princess Yurievskaya and legitimized their children.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: The films "Katia" (1938) and "Magnificent Sinner" (1959) depict a highly fictionalized account of the Tsar's romance with the woman who became his second wife.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: In "The Tiger in the Well", Philip Pullman refers to the assassination – though he never names Alexander – and to the pogroms that followed. The anti-Jewish attacks play an important role in the novel's plot. Andrew Williams's historical thriller, To Kill A Tsar, tells the story of The People's Will revolutionaries and the assassination through the eyes of an Anglo-Russian doctor living in St Petersburg.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Oscar Wilde's first play "Vera; or, The Nihilists", written in 1880Alexander II's last yearfeatures Russian revolutionaries who seek to assassinate a reform-minded Emperor (and who, in the play, ultimately fail in their plot). Though Wilde's fictional Emperor differs from the actual Alexander, contemporary events in Russia – as published in the British press of the time – clearly influenced Wilde.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Alexander II's reasons to sell Alaska to the United States in 1867 are fictionized in the epilogue of the novel "Forty-Ninth" by Boris Pronsky and Craig Britton, in a form of a letter to Catherine Dolgorukova. Prior to that, the book explores the events immediately after the first assassination attempt on the Tsar in 1866, as well as the relationship with his brother, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich.

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Alexander II of Russia

Context: Mark Twain describes a short visit with Alexander II in Chapter 37 of "The Innocents Abroad", describing him as "very tall and spare, and a determined-looking man, though a very pleasant-looking one nevertheless. It is easy to see that he is kind and affectionate. There is something very noble in his expression when his cap is off."

Question: Сколько покушений было совершено на Александра Второго?


Seven Seas

Context: The terminology of a "seven seas" with varying definitions was part of the vernacular of several peoples (as in the prior mentioned seas of Arabic literature), long before the oceans of the world became known (to those peoples). The term can now also be taken to refer to these seven oceanic bodies of water:

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Seven Seas

Context: The World Ocean is also collectively known as just "the sea". The International Hydrographic Organization lists over 23 distinct bodies of water called seas.

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Seven Seas

Context: Arab seafarers may have also considered other important seas nearby which they navigated regularly, including the Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Adriatic Sea.

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Seven Seas

Context: The expression "to sail the seven seas" was a classical flourish signifying nautical skill. It was applied to the Venetians long before they sailed the oceans.

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Seven Seas

Context: The Babylonian Talmud mentions seven seas and four rivers that surround the land of Israel. In Tractate "Bava Batra, fol. 74b", it reads:

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Seven Seas

Context: "When R. Dimi came he said R. Yohanan said:" "What is the meaning of the verse, 'For he hath founded it upon the seas and established it upon the floods.' (Ps. 24:2)? This refers to the seven seas and four rivers that surround the land of Israel. And what are the seven seas? The sea of Tiberias, the Sea of Sodom, the Sea of Helath, the Sea of Hiltha, the Sea of Sibkay, the Sea of Aspamia and the Great Sea. And what are the four rivers? The Jordan, the Yarmuk, the Keramyhon and Pigah."

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Seven Seas

Context: Various transliterations for the sea names from Hebrew exist. For Helath: "Chelath" and "Shelyith". For Hiltha: "Chiltha" and "Chultha". For Sibkay: "Sibchi" and "Somcho". And for Aspamia: "Apamia".

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Seven Seas

Context: After the discovery of the Americas during the Age of Discovery, the "seven seas" were reckoned by some as:

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Seven Seas

Context: The last two of these are now reckoned to be part of the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean either part of the Atlantic or omitted. Splitting the Atlantic and Pacific into north and south and adding the Southern Ocean returns the list to seven.

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Seven Seas

Context: Detailed reckonings of the divisions of the world ocean into oceans and seas is not limited to lists of seven. For example, the International Hydrographic Organization recognizes many marginal seas; some saltwater lakes and the freshwater Sea of Galilee also have "sea" in their names.

Question: Сколько морей на Земле?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The Soviets realised their critical situation, ordering everyone who could hold a rifle into the fight.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: Army Group South was selected for a sprint forward through the southern Russian steppes into the Caucasus to capture the vital Soviet oil fields there. The planned summer offensive, code-named "Fall Blau" (Case Blue), was to include the German 6th, 17th, 4th Panzer and 1st Panzer Armies. Army Group South had overrun the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1941. Poised in Eastern Ukraine, it was to spearhead the offensive.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The start of "Case Blue" had been planned for late May 1942. However, a number of German and Romanian units that were to take part in "Blau" were besieging Sevastopol on the Crimean Peninsula. Delays in ending the siege pushed back the start date for "Blau" several times, and the city did not fall until early July.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: Operation Fridericus I by the Germans against the "Isium bulge", pinched off the Soviet salient in the Second Battle of Kharkov, and resulted in the envelopment of a large Soviet force between 17 May and 29 May. Similarly, Operation Wilhelm attacked Voltshansk on 13 June, and Operation Fridericus attacked Kupiansk on 22 June.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: On 25 July the Germans faced stiff resistance with a Soviet bridgehead west of Kalach. "We had had to pay a high cost in men and material ... left on the Kalach battlefield were numerous burnt-out or shot-up German tanks."

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: To the south, Army Group A was pushing far into the Caucasus, but their advance slowed as supply lines grew overextended. The two German army groups were too far apart to support one another.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: On 5 September, the Soviet 24th and 66th Armies organized a massive attack against XIV Panzer Corps. The "Luftwaffe" helped repel the offensive by heavily attacking Soviet artillery positions and defensive lines. The Soviets were forced to withdraw at midday after only a few hours. Of the 120 tanks the Soviets had committed, 30 were lost to air attack.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The Germans made slow but steady progress through the city. Positions were taken individually, but the Germans were never able to capture the key crossing points along the river bank. By 27 Sept. the Germans occupied the southern portion of the city, but the Soviets held the centre and northern part. Most importantly, the Soviets controlled the ferries to their supplies on the east bank of the Volga.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: German military doctrine was based on the principle of combined-arms teams and close cooperation between tanks, infantry, engineers, artillery and ground-attack aircraft. Some Soviet commanders adopted the tactic of always keeping their front-line positions as close to the Germans as physically possible; Chuikov called this "hugging" the Germans. This slowed the German advance and reduced the effectiveness of the German advantage in supporting fire.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The Red Army gradually adopted a strategy to hold for as long as possible all the ground in the city. Thus, they converted multi-floored apartment blocks, factories, warehouses, street corner residences and office buildings into a series of well-defended strong-points with small 5–10-man units. Manpower in the city was constantly refreshed by bringing additional troops over the Volga. When a position was lost, an immediate attempt was usually made to re-take it with fresh forces.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The Germans used aircraft, tanks and heavy artillery to clear the city with varying degrees of success. Toward the end of the battle, the gigantic railroad gun nicknamed "Dora" was brought into the area. The Soviets built up a large number of artillery batteries on the east bank of the Volga. This artillery was able to bombard the German positions or at least provide counter-battery fire.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The strain on both military commanders was immense: Paulus developed an uncontrollable tic in his eye, which eventually affected the left side of his face, while Chuikov experienced an outbreak of eczema that required him to have his hands completely bandaged. Troops on both sides faced the constant strain of close-range combat.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The German onslaught crushed the 37th Guards Rifle Division of Major General Viktor Zholudev and in the afternoon the forward assault group reached the tractor factory before arriving at the Volga River, splitting the 62nd Army into two. In response to the German breakthrough to the Volga, the front headquarters committed three battalions from the 300th Rifle Division and the 45th Rifle Division of Colonel Vasily Sokolov, a substantial force of over 2,000 men, to the fighting at the Red October Factory.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: On 8 November, substantial units from "Luftflotte" 4 were withdrawn to combat the Allied landings in North Africa. The German air arm found itself spread thinly across Europe, struggling to maintain its strength in the other southern sectors of the Soviet-German front.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: Because of the total focus on the city, the Axis forces had neglected for months to consolidate their positions along the natural defensive line of the Don River. The Soviet forces were allowed to retain bridgeheads on the right bank from which offensive operations could be quickly launched. These bridgeheads in retrospect presented a serious threat to Army Group B.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: Behind the front lines, no preparations had been made to defend key points in the rear such as Kalach. The response by the "Wehrmacht" was both chaotic and indecisive. Poor weather prevented effective air action against the Soviet offensive. Army Group B was in disarray and faced strong Soviet pressure across all its fronts. Hence it was ineffective in relieving the 6th Army.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: Even with the desperate situation of the 6th Army, Army Group A continued their invasion of the Caucasus further south from 19 November until 19 December. Only on December 23, was Army Group A ordered to withdraw from the Caucasus to avoid from being trapped there. Hence Army Group A was never used to help relieve the Sixth Army.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: In the early parts of the operation, fuel was shipped at a higher priority than food and ammunition because of a belief that there would be a breakout from the city. Transport aircraft also evacuated technical specialists and sick or wounded personnel from the besieged enclave. Sources differ on the number flown out: at least 25,000 to at most 35,000.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: In spite of the failure of the German offensive to reach the 6th Army, the air supply operation continued under ever more difficult circumstances. The 6th Army slowly starved. General Zeitzler, moved by their plight, began to limit himself to their slim rations at meal times. After a few weeks on such a diet, he had "visibly lost weight", according to Albert Speer, and Hitler "commanded Zeitzler to resume at once taking sufficient nourishment."

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: Three days later, when the first trainload of Raus's division steamed into Kotelnikovo station to unload, his troops were greeted by "a hail of shells" from Soviet batteries. "As quick as lightning, the Panzergrenadiers jumped from their wagons. But already the enemy was attacking the station with their battle-cries of 'Urrah!'"

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: There was no one with a camera present to film the capture of Paulus. One person, though, Roman Karmen, managed to record the first interrogation of Paulus that took place the same day, at Shumilov's 64th Army's HQ, and a few hours later at Rokossovsky's Don Front HQ.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: Around 91,000 exhausted, ill, wounded, and starving prisoners were taken. The prisoners included 22 generals. Hitler was furious and confided that Paulus "could have freed himself from all sorrow and ascended into eternity and national immortality, but he prefers to go to Moscow."

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The Axis suffered 747,300 – 868,374 combat casualties (killed, wounded or captured) among all branches of the German armed forces and its allies:

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: 235,000 German and allied troops in total, from all units, including Manstein's ill-fated relief force, were captured during the battle.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The Germans lost 900 aircraft (including 274 transports and 165 bombers used as transports), 500 tanks and 6,000 artillery pieces. According to a contemporary Soviet report, 5,762 guns, 1,312 mortars, 12,701 heavy machine guns, 156,987 rifles, 80,438 sub-machine guns, 10,722 trucks, 744 aircraft; 1,666 tanks, 261 other armoured vehicles, 571 half-tracks and 10,679 motorcycles were captured by the Soviets. In addition, an unknown amount of Hungarian, Italian, and Romanian materiel was lost.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The losses of transport planes were especially serious, as they destroyed the capacity for supply of the trapped 6th Army. The destruction of 72 aircraft when the airfield at Tatsinskaya Airfield was overrun meant the loss of about 10 percent of the Luftwaffe transport fleet.

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The remaining forces continued to resist, hiding in cellars and sewers, but by early March 1943 the last small and isolated pockets of resistance had surrendered. According to Soviet intelligence documents shown in the documentary, a remarkable NKVD report from March 1943 is available showing the tenacity of some of these German groups:

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Battle of Stalingrad

Context: The destruction of an entire army (the largest killed, captured, wounded figures for Axis soldiers, nearly 1 million, during the war) and the frustration of Germany's grand strategy made the battle a watershed moment. At the time, the global significance of the battle was not in doubt. Writing in his diary on 1 January 1943, British General Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, reflected on the change in the position from a year before:

Question: Какая битва Второй мировой войны была самой кровопролитной по жертвам?


Military history of the United States during World War II

Context: The American victorious military effort was strongly supported by civilians on the home front, who provided the military personnel, the munitions, the money, and the morale to fight the war to victory. World War II cost the United States an estimated $341 billion in 1945 dollars – equivalent to 74% of America's GDP and expenditures during the war. In 2020 dollars, the war cost over $4.9 trillion.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The year 1940 marked a change in attitude in the United States. The German victories in France, Poland and elsewhere, combined with the Battle of Britain, led many Americans to believe that some intervention would be needed. In March 1941, the Lend-Lease program began shipping money, munitions, and food to Britain, China, and (by that fall) the Soviet Union.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: American warships escorting Allied convoys in the western Atlantic had several hostile encounters with U-boats. On 4 September, a German U-Boat attacked the destroyer off Iceland. A week later Roosevelt ordered American warships to attack U-boats on sight. A U-boat shot up the as it escorted a British merchant convoy. The was sunk by on 31 October 1941.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: On 11 December 1941, three days after the United States declared war on Japan, Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany . That same day, the United States declared war on Germany and Italy.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The established grand strategy of the Allies was to defeat Germany and its allies in Europe first, and then focus could shift towards Japan in the Pacific. This was because two of the Allied capitals, London and Moscow, could be directly threatened by Germany, but none of the major Allied capitals were threatened by Japan.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: In the 29 March 1941 report of the ABC-1 conference, the Americans and British agreed that their strategic objectives were: (1) "The early defeat of Germany as the predominant member of the Axis with the principal military effort of the United States being exerted in the Atlantic and European area; and (2) A strategic defensive in the Far East."

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The United States entered the war in the west with Operation Torch on 8 November 1942, after their Soviet allies had pushed for a second front against the Germans. General Dwight Eisenhower commanded the assault on North Africa, and Major General George Patton struck at Casablanca.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Slowly the Allies stopped the German advance in Tunisia and by March were pushing back. In mid-April, under British General Bernard Montgomery, the Allies smashed through the Mareth Line and broke the Axis defense in North Africa. On 13 May 1943, Axis troops in North Africa surrendered, leaving behind 275,000 men. Allied efforts turned towards Sicily and Italy.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: In late 1943, 'Pointblank' attacks manifested themselves in the infamous Schweinfurt raids (first and second). Formations of unescorted bombers were no match for German fighters, which inflicted a deadly toll. In despair, the Eighth halted air operations over Germany until a long-range fighter could be found in 1944; it proved to be the P-51 Mustang, which had the range to fly to Berlin and back.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: USAAF leaders firmly held to the claim of "precision bombing" of military targets for much of the war, and dismissed claims they were simply bombing cities. However, the American Eighth Air Force received the first H2X radar sets in December 1943. Within two weeks of the arrival of these first six sets, the Eighth command permitted them to area bomb a city using H2X and would continue to authorize, on average, about one such attack a week until the end of the war in Europe.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Nevertheless, the sheer tonnage of explosives delivered by day and by night was eventually enough to cause widespread damage, and, more importantly from a military point of view, forced Germany to divert resources to counter it. This was to be the real significance of the Allied strategic bombing campaign—resource allocation.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: To improve USAAF fire bombing capabilities a mock-up German village was built and repeatedly burned down. It contained full-scale replicas of German homes. Fire bombing attacks proved successful, in a single 1943 attack on Hamburg about 50,000 civilians were killed and almost the entire city destroyed.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The twin campaigns—the USAAF by day, the RAF by night—built up into massive bombing of German industrial areas, notably the Ruhr, followed by attacks directly on cities such as Hamburg, Kassel, Pforzheim, Mainz and the often-criticized bombing of Dresden.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The second European front that the Soviets had pressed for was finally opened on 6 June 1944, when the Allies launched an invasion of Normandy.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Supreme Allied Commander General Dwight D. Eisenhower had delayed the attack because of bad weather, but finally, the largest amphibious assault in history began.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: As the paratroops fought their way through the hedgerows, the main amphibious landings began. The Americans came ashore at the beaches codenamed 'Omaha' and 'Utah'. The landing craft bound for Utah, as with so many other units, went off course, coming ashore two kilometers off target. The 4th Infantry Division faced weak resistance during the landings and by the afternoon were linked up with paratroopers fighting their way towards the coast.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The small units then fought their way through the minefields that were in between the Nazi machine-gun bunkers. After squeezing through, they then attacked the bunkers from the rear, allowing more men to come safely ashore.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: On D-Day, the untested 29th Infantry Division, joined by the veteran 1st Infantry Division and nine companies of US Army Rangers redirected from Pointe du Hoc, were to assault the western half of the beach. The battle-hardened 1st Infantry Division was given the eastern half. The initial assault waves, consisting of tanks, infantry, and combat engineer forces, were carefully planned to reduce the coastal defenses and allow the larger ships of the follow-up waves to land.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The Battle of Carentan was an engagement between airborne forces of the United States Army and the German Wehrmacht during the Battle of Normandy. The battle took place between 10 and 15 June 1944, on the approaches to and within the city of Carentan, France.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The objective of the attacking American forces was the consolidation of the US beachheads (Utah Beach and Omaha Beach) and establishment of a continuous defensive line against expected German counterattacks. The defending German force attempted to hold the city long enough to allow reinforcements en route from the south to arrive, prevent or delay the merging of the lodgments, and keep the US First Army from launching an attack towards Lessay-Périers that would cut off the Cotentin Peninsula.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Carentan was defended by two battalions of Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 6 (6th Parachute Regiment) of the 2nd Fallschirmjäger-Division and two Ost battalions. The 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division, ordered to reinforce Carentan, was delayed by transport shortages and attacks by Allied aircraft. The attacking 101st Airborne Division landed by parachute on 6 June as part of the American airborne landings in Normandy, was ordered to seize Carentan.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: In the ensuing battle, the 101st forced passage across the causeway into Carentan on 10–11 June. A lack of ammunition forced the German forces to withdraw on 12 June. The 17th SS PzG Division counter-attacked the 101st Airborne on 13 June. Initially successful, its attack was thrown back by Combat Command A (CCA) of the US 2nd Armored Division

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Operation Lüttich was a code name given to a German counter-attack during the Battle of Normandy, which took place around the American positions near Mortain from 7–13 August 1944. (Lüttich is the German name for the city of Liège in Belgium, where the Germans had won a victory in the early days of August 1914 during World War I.) The offensive is also referred to in American and British histories of the Battle of Normandy as the Mortain counter-offensive.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The assault was ordered by Adolf Hitler, to eliminate the gains made by the First United States Army during Operation Cobra and the subsequent weeks, and by reaching the coast in the region of Avranches at the base of the Cotentin peninsula, cut off the units of the Third United States Army which had advanced into Brittany.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: As the German commanders on the spot had warned Hitler in vain, there was little chance of the attack succeeding, and the concentration of their armored reserves at the western end of the front in Normandy soon led to disaster, as they were outflanked to their south and the front to their east collapsed, resulting in many of the German troops in Normandy being trapped in the Falaise Pocket.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The next major Allied operation came on 17 September. Devised by British General Bernard Montgomery, its primary objective was the capture of several bridges in the Netherlands. Fresh off of their successes in Normandy, the Allies were optimistic that an attack on the Nazi-occupied Netherlands would force open a route across the Rhine and onto the North German Plain. Such an opening would allow Allied forces to break out northward and advance toward Denmark and, ultimately, Berlin.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The plan involved a daylight drop of the American 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions. The 101st was to capture the bridges at Eindhoven, with the 82nd taking the bridges at Grave and Nijmegen. After the bridges had been captured, the ground force, also known as XXX Corps or "Garden", would drive up a single road and link up with the paratroops.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: On 19 December, General Patton told Eisenhower that he could have his army in Bastogne in 48 hours. Patton then turned his army, at the time on the front in Luxembourg, north to break through to Bastogne. Patton's armor pushed north, and by 26 December was in Bastogne, effectively ending the siege. By the time it was over, more American soldiers had served in the battle than in any engagement in American history.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: On 31 December, the Germans launched their last major offensive of the war on the Western Front, Operation Nordwind, in Alsace and Lorraine in northeastern France. Against weakened American forces there, the Germans were able to push the Americans back to the south bank of the Moder River on 21 January. On 25 January, Allied reinforcements from the Ardennes arrived, the German offensive was stopped and in fierce fighting the so-called Colmar Pocket was eliminated.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The German offensive was supported by several subordinate operations known as Unternehmen Bodenplatte, Greif, and Währung. Germany's goal for these operations was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceed to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in favor of the Axis powers. Once accomplished, Hitler could fully concentrate on the eastern theater of war.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: With about 610,000 men committed and some 89,000 casualties, including 19,000 killed, the Battle of the Bulge was the largest and bloodiest battle fought by the United States in World War II.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The Japanese Navy seemed unstoppable as they seized the Dutch East Indies to gain its rich oil resources. The American, British, Dutch, and Australian forces were combined under the ABDA command but its fleet was quickly sunk in several naval battles around Java.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Following their rapid advance, the Japanese started the Solomon Islands Campaign from their newly conquered main base at Rabaul in January 1942. The Japanese seized several islands, including Tulagi and Guadalcanal, before they were halted by further events leading to the Guadalcanal Campaign. This campaign also converged with the New Guinea campaign.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: "Many have chronic dysentery or other disease, and almost all show chronic fatigue states. . . .They appear listless, unkempt, careless, and apathetic with almost masklike facial expression. Speech is slow, thought content is poor, they complain of chronic headaches, insomnia, memory defect, feel forgotten, worry about themselves, are afraid of new assignments, have no sense of responsibility, and are hopeless about the future."

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Marines from the 1st Marine Division landed on 7 August 1942, soldiers from the Army XIV Corps reinforced and eventually replaced in late-November 1942. They quickly captured Henderson Field, and prepared defenses. In the Battle of Bloody Ridge, the Americans held off wave after wave of Japanese counterattacks before charging what was left of the Japanese. After more than six months of combat the island was firmly under Allied control on 8 February 1943.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: In preparation for the recapture of the Philippines, the Allies started the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign to retake the Gilbert and Marshall Islands from the Japanese in summer 1943. Moving closer to Japan, the US Navy decisively won the Battle of the Philippine Sea and landing forces captured the Mariana and Palau Islands in summer 1944. The goal was building airbases within range of the new B-29 bomber aimed at Japan's industrial cities.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: General MacArthur fulfilled his promise to return to the Philippines by landing at Leyte on 20 October 1944. The grueling re-capture of the Philippines took place from 1944 to 1945 and included the battles of Leyte, Luzon, and Mindanao.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Although damage to big factories was slight, approximately one-fourth of some 4,000 lesser factories, which operated hand-in-hand with the big factories, were destroyed by fire... Moreover, owing to the rising fear of air attacks, workers in general were reluctant to work in the factories, and the attendance fluctuated as much as 50 percent.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: The Japanese army, which was not based in the cities, was largely undamaged by the raids. The Army was short of food and gasoline, but, as Iwo Jima and Okinawa proved, it was capable of ferocious resistance. The Japanese also had a new tactic that it hoped would provide the bargaining power to get a satisfactory peace, the Kamikaze.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: In late 1944 the Japanese invented an unexpected and highly effective new tactic, the Kamikaze suicide plane aimed like a guided missile at American ships. The attacks began in October 1944 and continued to the end of the war. Experienced pilots were used to lead a mission because they could navigate; they were not Kamikazes, and they returned to base for another mission. The Kamikaze pilots were inexperienced and had minimal training; but most were well-educated and intensely committed to the Emperor.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Kamikaze attacks were highly effective at the Battle of Okinawa as 4000 kamikaze sorties sank 38 US ships and damaged 368 more, killing 4,900 sailors. Task Force 58 analyzed the Japanese technique at Okinawa in April 1945:

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: "Rarely have the enemy attacks been so cleverly executed and made with such reckless determination. These attacks were generally by single or few aircraft making their approaches with radical changes in course and altitude, dispersing when intercepted and using cloud cover to every advantage. They tailed our friendlies home, used decoy planes, and came in at any altitude or on the water."

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Expecting increased resistance, including far more Kamikaze attacks once the main islands of Japan were invaded, the US high command rethought its strategy and used atomic bombs to end the war, hoping it would make a costly invasion unnecessary.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: US submarines took part in the majority of naval battles in the Pacific theater, but the submarines were most decisive in their blockade of Japan, for which Japan was dependent on its sea transport to provide resources for its war effort.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: US Navy submarines were often used for surveillance. This included reconnaissance US submarines landed and supplied guerillas in Japanese occupied territory and carrying in commandos for missions such as the Makin Island raid, they also rescued crews of aircraft which had been forced down over the ocean.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: V-J Day which occurred on 15 August 1945 marked the end of the United States' war with the Empire of Japan. Since Japan was the last remaining Axis Power, V-J Day also marked the end of World War II.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Context: Although the Axis powers never launched a full-scale invasion of the United States, there were attacks and acts of sabotage on U.S. soil.

Question: Сколько американских солдат участвовало во Второй Мировой войне?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: In 2013, the organization ceased its activities and on December 2, 2019, the legal entity was liquidated.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: Western critics have detected a "deliberately cultivated resemblance to" the Soviet Komsomol or to the Hitler Youth and dubbed the group "Putinjugend".

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: "Nashi" was officially announced on 1 March 2005 by Vasily Yakemenko, the leader of the pro-Putin youth movement Walking Together. The founding conference took place on 15 April 2005.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: Yakemenko said he created "Nashi" as a movement to demonstrate against what he saw as the growing power of Nazism in Russia and to take on skinheads in street fights if necessary. While its funding comes from pro-government business owners, it has been reported that the group also receives direct subsidies from the Kremlin. Yakememko once said to "Gazeta.Ru" that the Kremlin's support makes it possible for them to tell businessmen: "we need money for a national project".

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: "Vedomosti" reported that the Nashi movement received funding of about 200 million rubles from the 2010 Russian state budget.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: Sergei Markov, a Kremlin adviser, stated in 2005 that "Nashi" "[wants] Russia to be a modern, strong and free country... their ideology is clear: it is modernization of the country and preservation of its sovereignty with that."

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: On June 26, 2005, with media present, Putin met with a group of "Nashi" members at his residence at Zavidovo, Tver Oblast. He expressed his support for the group, described as "awestruck" by his presence.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: In August 2005, Putin invited Yulia Gorodnicheva, an undergraduate student of Tula State University, along with other "Nashi" members to the meeting at Zavidovo, to be appointed to the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, but she declined Putin's appointment and on November 15, 2005, entered the second part of the chamber as a representative of "Nashi". There she became a member of the Commission on Social Development.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: In 2006 "Nashi" members conducted a campaign against the Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Russia, Tony Brenton, as he attended an opposition conference called Another Russia on July 11–12. He attended along with Putin opposition leaders such as Eduard Limonov, leader of the National Bolsheviks. Unnamed British officials were reported to suspect that this campaign had been co-ordinated by elements within the Russian government as a punishment for the speech given by the ambassador.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: In March 2009, it was reported that a "Nashi" commisar and some associates claimed they had launched a DDOS attack on Estonia in May 2007. The attacks came after Estonia removed a World War II-era Soviet memorial from its capital, provoking protests from Moscow.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: On January 18, 2010, "Nashi" activists held a rally near the Embassy of Ukraine in Moscow and "congratulated" Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko with his defeat in the first round of the presidential election the day before.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: On July 30, 2010, Ella Pamfilova, Medvedev's human right's advisor, resigned over comments she made, saying that "Nashi" activists had "pawned their souls to the devil" and that she "feared they might to come to power one day", causing "Nashi" to sue for libel. The Russian opposition commented, claiming that "Nashi" assaulted and intimidated its leaders.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: In December 2011, "Nashi" members staged large pro-Kremlin demonstrations in response to anti-Putin protests that followed the 2011 legislative election.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: Every summer, "Nashi" runs recruiting camps all across Russia. New members receive a basic military-style training, according to Yakimenko. The July 2007 annual "Nashi" encampment, located 200 miles outside Moscow, was attended by over 10,000 members. It involved two weeks of lectures and calisthenics. Some reports mention the use of the camp to improve the demographics of Russia, where twenty tents were set up for twenty newlywed couples to sleep together.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: In an effort to deconstruct its discredited public image in 2012, "Nashi" invited opposition activists to its annual encampment named "Occupy Seliger" for that year; but few opposition activists attended.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: According to Edward Lucas, in "The New Cold War: Putin's Russia and the Threat to the West", "Nashi" is seen as Putin's version of the Soviet Komsomol.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: A "Nashi" advertisement was described in a "Time" magazine article as "reminiscent of Soviet-era propaganda with its non sequitur acceleration of hysteria". The advertisement read: "Tomorrow there will be war in Iran. The day after tomorrow Russia will be governed externally!" The Boston Globe said that "movement's Brownshirt tactics certain evoke shades of Hitler Youth, as does the emphasis on physical fitness, clean living, and procreation for the Motherland".

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: According to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, "Nashi" been linked to football hooligan organisations.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: In an article published in "The Guardian" in December 2011, mention was made of reports that some "Nashi" members were being paid to attend rallies. This was based on a "Moscow Times" report saying that a journalist overheard a demonstrator telling another that he only participated in a particular rally because he had been paid 500 rubles, and on a "Time" article that quoted pro-Kremlin activists as saying that free meals at McDonald's were one of their main rewards for attending the rallies.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


Nashi (youth movement)

Context: In May 2012, the leader of "Nashi", Yakemenko, announced his intention to establish the parallel "Smart Russia" political party. It was established at the "Nashi" Congress that month and "Nashi" Commissar was elected as the Smart Russia political party chairman. The Smart Russia political party was officially registered in June 2012.

Question: С какого возраста принимали в организацию «НАШИ»?


USSR State Prize

Context: The USSR State Prize () was the Soviet Union's state honor. It was established on 9 September 1966. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the prize was followed up by the State Prize of the Russian Federation.

Question: Когда была основана Государственная премия СССР?


USSR State Prize

Context: The State Stalin Prize (, "Gosudarstvennaya Stalinskaya premiya"), usually called the Stalin Prize, existed from 1941 to 1954, although some sources give a termination date of 1952. It essentially played the same role; therefore upon the establishment of the USSR State Prize, the diplomas and badges of the recipients of Stalin Prize were changed to that of USSR State Prize.

Question: Когда была основана Государственная премия СССР?


USSR State Prize

Context: In 1944 and 1945, the last two years of the Second World War, the award ceremonies for the Stalin Prize were not held. Instead, in 1946 the ceremony was held twice: in January for the works created in 1943–1944 and in June for the works of 1945.

Question: Когда была основана Государственная премия СССР?


USSR State Prize

Context: USSR State Prize of 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees was awarded annually to individuals in the fields of science, mathematics, literature, arts, and architecture to honor the most prominent achievements which either advanced the Soviet Union or the cause of socialism. Often the prize was awarded to specific works rather than to individuals.

Question: Когда была основана Государственная премия СССР?


USSR State Prize

Context: Each constituent Soviet republic (SSR) and autonomous republic (ASSR) also had a State Prize (or Stalin Prize).

Question: Когда была основана Государственная премия СССР?


USSR State Prize

Context: The Stalin Prize was an honor different from the Stalin Peace Prize. The latter was created on 21 December 1949 and was usually awarded to foreign recipients rather than to Soviet citizens.

Question: Когда была основана Государственная премия СССР?


Gondor

Context: Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age. The third volume of "The Lord of the Rings", "The Return of the King", is largely concerned with the events in Gondor during the War of the Ring and with the restoration of the realm afterward. The history of the kingdom is outlined in the appendices of the book.

Question: Как называлась столица Средиземья?


Gondor

Context: Based upon early conceptions, the history and geography of Gondor were developed in stages as Tolkien extended his legendarium while writing "The Lord of the Rings". Critics have noted the contrast between the cultured but lifeless Stewards of Gondor, and the simple but vigorous leaders of the Kingdom of Rohan, modelled on Tolkien's favoured Anglo-Saxons. Scholars have noted parallels between Gondor and the Normans, Ancient Rome, the Vikings, the Goths, the Langobards, and the Byzantine Empire.

Question: Как называлась столица Средиземья?


Gondor

Context: The Men of Gondor are nicknamed "Tarks" (from Quenya "tarkil" "High Man", Numenorean) by the orcs of Mordor.

Question: Как называлась столица Средиземья?


Gondor

Context: To the north-west of Gondor lies Arnor; to the north, Gondor is neighboured by Wilderland and Rohan; to the north-east, by Rhûn; to the east, across the great river Anduin and the province of Ithilien, by Mordor; to the south, by the deserts of northern Harad. To the west lies the Great Sea.

Question: Как называлась столица Средиземья?


Gondor

Context: The wide land to the west of Rohan was Enedwaith; in some of Tolkien's writings it is part of Gondor, in others not.

Question: Как называлась столица Средиземья?