Low birth weight

Context: VLBW newborns are at increased risk for hypoglycemia due to decreased energy reserves and large brain mass to body mass ratio. Hypoglycemia may be prevented by intravenous infusion of glucose, amino acids, and lipids. These patients are also at risk of hyperglycemia due to immature insulin secretion and sensitivity. However, insulin supplementation is not recommended due to the possible adverse effect of hypoglycemia, which is more dangerous.

Question: ఒక్క శిశువు పుట్టుకతో సగటుగా ఎంత బరువుతో ఉంటుంది?


Low birth weight

Context: VLBW newborns have increased need for amino acids to mirror "in utero" nutrition. Daily protein intake above 3.0 g/kg is associated with improved weight gain for LBW infants. ELBW newborns may require as much as 4 g/kg/day of protein.

Question: ఒక్క శిశువు పుట్టుకతో సగటుగా ఎంత బరువుతో ఉంటుంది?


Low birth weight

Context: Due to the limited solubility of calcium and phosphorus in parenteral infusions, VLBW infants receiving parenteral nutrition will be somewhat deficient of these elements and will require clinical monitoring for osteopenia.

Question: ఒక్క శిశువు పుట్టుకతో సగటుగా ఎంత బరువుతో ఉంటుంది?


Low birth weight

Context: One Cochrane review showed administration of erythropoietin (EPO) decreases later need for blood transfusions, and also is associated with protection against necrotizing enterocolitis and intraventricular hemorrhage. EPO is safe and does not increase risk of mortality or retinopathy of prematurity.

Question: ఒక్క శిశువు పుట్టుకతో సగటుగా ఎంత బరువుతో ఉంటుంది?


Low birth weight

Context: Low birth weight constitutes as sixty to eighty percent of the infant mortality rate in developing countries. Infant mortality due to low birth weight is usually directly causal, stemming from other medical complications such as preterm birth, PPROM, poor maternal nutritional status, lack of prenatal care, maternal sickness during pregnancy, and an unhygienic home environment.

Question: ఒక్క శిశువు పుట్టుకతో సగటుగా ఎంత బరువుతో ఉంటుంది?


Low birth weight

Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the worldwide prevalence of low birth weight at 15% as of 2014, and varies by region: Sub-Saharan Africa, 13%; South Asia, 28%; East Asia and the Pacific, 6%; Latin America and the Caribbean, 9%. Aggregate prevalence of LBW in United Nations-designated Least Developed Countries is 13%. The WHO has set a goal of reducing worldwide prevalence of LBW by 30% through public health interventions including improved prenatal care and women's education.

Question: ఒక్క శిశువు పుట్టుకతో సగటుగా ఎంత బరువుతో ఉంటుంది?


Low birth weight

Context: In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports 313,752 LBW infants in 2018, for a prevalence of 8.28%. This is increased from an estimated 6.1% prevalence in 2011 by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). The CDC reported prevalence of VLBW at 1.38% in 2018, similar to the 2011 AHRQ estimate.

Question: ఒక్క శిశువు పుట్టుకతో సగటుగా ఎంత బరువుతో ఉంటుంది?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Robert Mueller's Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019) concluded that Russia interfered to favor Trump's candidacy and that while the prevailing evidence "did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government," possible obstructions of justice occurred during the course of that investigation.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump attempted to pressure Ukraine to announce investigations into his political rival Joe Biden, triggering his first impeachment by the House of Representatives on December 18, 2019, but he was acquitted by the Senate on February 5, 2020.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump reacted slowly to the COVID-19 pandemic, ignored or contradicted many recommendations from health officials in his messaging, and promoted misinformation about unproven treatments and the availability of testing.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: One of Trump's major first year accomplishments, made as part of a "100day pledge," was the confirmation of Neil Gorsuch as an associate justice of the Supreme Court. Despite the Republican Party holding a majority in both houses of Congress, however, he was unable to fulfill another hundred-day promise, repealing the Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare").

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The Trump administration was characterized by record turnover, particularly among White House staff. By early 2018, 43% of senior White House positions had turned over. The administration had a higher turnover rate in the first two and a half years than the five previous presidents did over their entire terms.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: By October 2019, one in 14 of Trump's political appointees were former lobbyists; less than three years into his presidency, Trump had appointed more than four times as many lobbyists than Obama did over the course of his first six years in office.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Days after the presidential election, Trump selected RNC Chairman Reince Priebus as his Chief of Staff. Trump chose Alabama Senator Jeff Sessions for the position of Attorney General.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In February 2017, Trump formally announced his cabinet structure, elevating the Director of National Intelligence and Director of the CIA to cabinet level. The Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers, which had been added to the cabinet by Obama in 2009, was removed from the cabinet. Trump's cabinet consisted of 24 members, more than Obama at 23 or George W. Bush at 21.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: On February 13, 2017, Trump fired Michael Flynn from the post of National Security Advisor on grounds that he had lied to Vice President Pence about his communications with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak; Flynn later pleaded guilty to lying to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) about his contacts with Russia. Flynn was fired amidst the ongoing controversy concerning Russian interference in the 2016 election and accusations that Trump's electoral team colluded with Russian agents.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump fired numerous Inspectors General of agencies, including those who were probing the Trump administration and close Trump associates. In 2020, he fired five inspectors general in two months. "The Washington Post" wrote, "For the first time since the system was created in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal, inspectors general find themselves under systematic attack from the president, putting independent oversight of federal spending and operations at risk."

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump made three nominations to the Supreme Court: Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh, and Amy Coney Barrett:

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The administration frequently sought to punish and blocked access for reporters that broke stories about the administration. Trump frequently criticized right-wing media outlet Fox News for being insufficiently supportive of him, threatening to lend his support for alternatives to Fox News on the right. On August 16, 2018, the Senate unanimously passed a resolution affirming that "the press is not the enemy of the people."

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The Trump Justice Department obtained by court order the 2017 phone logs or email metadata of reporters from CNN, "The New York Times", "The Washington Post", BuzzFeed, and "Politico" as part of investigations into leaks of classified information.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In response to the mid-2020 George Floyd protests, some of which resulted in looting, Trump tweeted on May 25 that "when the looting starts, the shooting starts." Not long after, Twitter restricted the tweet for violating the company's policy on promoting violence. On May 28, Trump signed an executive order which sought to limit legal protections of social media companies.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In December 2017, the DOJ, under orders from Trump's first Attorney General, Jeff Sessions, rescinded guidelines put in place during the Obama administration intended to warn local courts against imposing excessive fines and fees on poor defendants.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In December 2018, Trump signed the First Step Act, a bipartisan criminal justice reform bill which sought to rehabilitate prisoners and reduce recidivism, notably by expanding job training and early-release programs, and lowering mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent drug offenders. Trump's proposed 2020 budget underfunded the new law; the law was intended to receive $75million annually for five years, but Trump's budget proposed only $14million.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The number of prosecutions of child-sex traffickers has showed a decreasing trend under the Trump administration relative to the Obama administration. Under the Trump administration, the SEC charged the fewest number of insider trading cases since the Reagan administration.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: During his presidency, Trump pardoned or commuted the sentences of 237 individuals. Most of those pardoned had personal or political connections to Trump. A significant number had been convicted of fraud or public corruption. Trump circumvented the typical clemency process, taking no action on more than ten thousand pending applications, using the pardon power primarily on "public figures whose cases resonated with him given his own grievances with investigators".

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: During Trump's term (in 2020 and in January 2021), the federal government executed thirteen people in 2020 and January 2021; the first executions since 2002. In this time period, Trump oversaw more federal executions than any president in the preceding 120 years.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump misleadingly blamed the destructive wildfires in 2018 in California, on "gross" and "poor" "mismanagement" of forests by California, saying there was no other reason for these wildfires. The fires in question were not "forest fires"; most of the forest was owned by federal agencies; and climate change in part contributed to the fires.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In September 2020, California's worst wildfires in history prompted Trump to visit the state. In a briefing to state officials, Trump said that federal assistance was necessary, and again baselessly asserted that the lack of forestry, not climate change, is the underlying cause of the fires.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump's economic policies have centered on cutting taxes, deregulation, and trade protectionism. Trump primarily stuck to or intensified traditional Republican economic policy positions that benefitted corporate interests or the affluent, with the exception of his trade protectionist policies. Deficit spending, combined with tax cuts for the wealthy, caused the U.S. national debt to sharply increase.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: One of Trump's first actions was to indefinitely suspend a cut in fee rates for federally-insured mortgages implemented by the Obama administration which saved individuals with lower credit scores around $500 per year on a typical loan. Upon taking office, Trump halted trade negotiations with the European Union on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, which had been underway since 2013.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The administration proposed changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (food stamps), which if implemented would lead millions to lose access to food stamps and limit the amount of benefits for remaining recipients.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The Trump campaign ran on a policy of reducing America's trade deficit, particularly with China. The overall trade deficit increased during Trump's presidency. The goods deficit with China reached a record high for the second consecutive year in 2018.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: A 2021 study, which used the synthetic control method, found no evidence Trump had an impact on the U.S. economy during his time in office. Analysis conducted by Bloomberg News at the end of Trump's second year in office found that his economy ranked sixth among the last seven presidents, based on fourteen metrics of economic activity and financial performance. Trump repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy during his presidency as the best in American history.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump appointed Betsy DeVos as his Secretary of Education. Her nomination was confirmed on a 50–50 Senate vote with Vice President Pence called upon to break the tie (the first time a vice president had cast a tie-breaking vote on a Cabinet nomination). Democrats opposed DeVos as underqualified, while Republicans supported DeVos because of her strong support of school choice.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In 2017, DeVos said the Obama administration's guidance for how campuses address sexual assault "failed too many students" and she announced that she intended to replace the current approach "with a workable, effective and fair system". Consequently, the administration scrapped an Obama administration guidance on how schools and universities should combat sexual harassment and sexual violence. DeVos criticized the guidance for undermining the rights of those accused of sexual harassment.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: On the eve of the 2018 midterm elections, "Politico" described the Trump administration's efforts to combat election propaganda as "rudderless". At the same time, U.S. intelligence agencies warned about "ongoing campaigns" by Russia, China, and Iran to influence American elections.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump rescinded a rule requiring oil, gas and mining firms to disclose how much they paid foreign governments, and withdrew from the international Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) which required disclosure of payments by oil, gas and mining companies to governments.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In 2017, Trump ordered the reversal of an Obama-era ban on new oil and gas leasing in the Arctic Ocean and environmentally sensitive areas of the North Atlantic coast, in the Outer Continental Shelf. Trump's order was halted by a federal court, which ruled in 2019 that it unlawfully exceeded his authority. Trump also revoked the 2016 Well Control Rule, a safety regulation adopted after the "Deepwater Horizon" oil spill; this action is the subject of legal challenges from environmental groups.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Despite rhetoric about boosting the coal industry, coal-fueled electricity generating capacity declined faster during Trump's presidency than during any previous presidential term, falling 15% with the idling of 145 coal-burning units at 75 power plants. An estimated 20% of electricity was expected to be generated by coal in 2020, compared to 31% in 2017.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: By October 2020, the administration had overturned 72 environmental regulations and was in process of reversing an additional 27. A 2018 "American Journal of Public Health" study found that in Trump's first six months in office, the United States Environmental Protection Agency adopted a pro-business attitude unlike that of any previous administration, as it "moved away from the public interest and explicitly favored the interests of the regulated industries".

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The administration suspended funding on several environmental research studies, a multi-million-dollar program that distributed grants for research the effects of chemical exposure on children and $10-million-a-year research line for NASA's Carbon Monitoring System. including an unsuccessful attempt to kill aspects of NASA's climate science program.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The administration weakened enforcement the Endangered Species Act, making it easier to start mining, drilling and construction projects in areas with endangered and threatened species. The administration has actively discouraged local governments and businesses from undertaking preservation efforts.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In July 2020, Trump moved to weaken the National Environmental Policy Act by limiting public review to speed up permitting.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The administration imposed far fewer financial penalties against banks and major companies accused of wrong-doing relative to the Obama administration.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump ordered a four-month government-wide hiring freeze of the civilian work force (excluding staff in the military, national security, public safety and offices of new presidential appointees) at the start of his term. He said he did not intend to fill many of the governmental positions that were still vacant, as he considered them unnecessary; there were nearly 2,000 vacant government positions.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The administration ended the requirement that nonprofits, including political advocacy groups who collect so-called dark money, disclose the names of large donors to the IRS; the Senate voted to overturn the administration's rule change.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In 2018, the administration prohibited scientists at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from acquiring new fetal tissue for research, and a year later stopped all medical research by government scientists that used fetal tissue.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The administration geared HHS funding towards abstinence education programs for teens rather than the comprehensive sexual education programs the Obama administration funded.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump nominated Tom Marino to become the nation's drug czar but the nomination was withdrawn after an investigation found he had been the chief architect of a bill that crippled the enforcement powers of the Drug Enforcement Administration and worsened the opioid crisis.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Kellyanne Conway led White House efforts to combat the opioid epidemic; Conway had no experience or expertise on matters of public health, substance abuse, or law enforcement. Conway sidelined drug experts and opted instead for the use of political staff. "Politico" wrote in 2018 that the administration's "main response" to the opioid crisis "so far has been to call for a border wall and to promise a 'just say no' campaign".

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In May 2020, five months into the pandemic, Trump announced that the U.S. would withdraw from the WHO. In July 2020, Trump's Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo, formally notified the UN of U.S. decision to withdraw from the WHO, to take effect on July 6, 2021. Biden reversed Trump's decision to withdraw the U.S. from the WHO on January 20, 2021, on his first day in office.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In June 2020, amid surges in COVID-19 case numbers, Trump administration officials falsely claimed that the steep rise was due to increased testing; public health experts disputed the administration's claims, noting that the positivity rate of tests was increasing.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In October 2020, after a superspreader event at the White House, Trump announced that he and Melania Trump had tested positive for COVID-19 and would begin quarantining at the White House. Despite having the virus, Trump did not self-isolate and did not abstain from unnecessary risky behaviors. Trump was criticized for leaving his hospital room at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center to go on a joyride to greet his supporters, thus exposing United States Secret Service agents to the disease.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: A new executive order was signed in March which limited travel to the U.S. from six different countries for 90 days, and by all refugees who do not possess either a visa or valid travel documents for 120 days. The new executive order revoked and replaced the executive order issued in January.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In June, the Supreme Court partially stayed certain injunctions that were put on the order by two federal appeals courts earlier, allowing the executive order to mostly go into effect. In October, the Court dismissed the case, saying the orders had been replaced by a new proclamation, so challenges to the previous executive orders are moot.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In January 2020, Trump added Nigeria, Myanmar, Eritrea, Kyrgyzstan, Sudan, and Tanzania to the visa ban list.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Trump further restricted travel from Iran on February 29, 2020, and advised American citizens not to travel to specific regions in Italy and South Korea in response to COVID-19. In March 2020, the Trump administration later issued a ban on entrants from all Schengen Area countries, eventually including Ireland and the UK.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In 2017, the Treasury Department imposed sanctions on Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov and a Chechen law enforcement official, citing anti-gay purges in Chechnya. In February 2019, the administration launched a global campaign to end the criminalization of homosexuality; the initiative was pushed by Richard Grenell, the U.S. Ambassador to Germany. Asked about the administration's campaign, Trump appeared to be unaware of it.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In February 2020, Trump appointed Grenell acting Director of National Intelligence (DNI), marking the first time in history an openly gay official served in a Cabinet Level position.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump said he was pleased with the way things were going in Portland and said that he might send federal law enforcement to many more cities, including New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Baltimore, and Oakland"all run by liberal Democrats". Albuquerque and Milwaukee were also named as potential targets.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Under a deal worked out between Governor Kate Brown and the Trump administration, federal agents withdrew to standby locations on July 30, while state and local law enforcement forces took over responsibility for protecting the courthouse; they made no arrests and mostly stayed out of sight. Protests that night were peaceful. A DHS spokesperson said federal officers would remain in the area at least until the following Monday.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In 2019, Trump signed into law a six-year extension of Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, allowing the NSA to conduct searches of foreigners' communications without any warrant. The process incidentally collects information from Americans.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In August 2018, "ProPublica" reported that three wealthy patrons of Trump's Mar-a-Lago club, formed an "informal council" that strongly influenced VA policy, including reviewing a confidential $10billion contract to modernize the VA's records. The Government Accountability Office announced in November 2018 that it would investigate the matter.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In 2018, Trump signed into law the VA MISSION Act, which expanded eligibility for the Veterans Choice program, allowing veterans greater access to private sector healthcare. Trump falsely asserted more than 150 times that he created the Veterans Choice program, which has in fact existed since being signed into law by president Obama in 2014.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The foreign policy positions expressed by Trump during his presidential campaign changed frequently, so it was "difficult to glean a political agenda, or even a set of clear, core policy values ahead of his presidency". Under a banner of "America First", the Trump administration distinguished itself from past administrations with frequent open admiration of authoritarian rulers and rhetorical rejections of key human rights norms.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Despite pledges to reduce the number of active duty U.S. military personnel deployed overseas, the number was essentially the same three years into Trump's presidency as they were at the end of Obama's.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: On October 27, 2019, ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi killed himself and three children by detonating a suicide vest during the Barisha raid conducted by the U.S. Delta Force in Syria's northwestern Idlib Province.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump withdrew from the Open Skies Treaty, a nearly three-decade old agreement promoting transparency of military forces and activities.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: During 2018, Trump falsely asserted that he had secured the largest defense budget authorization ever, the first military pay raise in ten years, and that military spending was at least 4.0% of GDP, "which got a lot bigger since I became your president".

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The Trump administration sharply increased the frequency of drone strikes compared to the preceding Obama administration, in countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Syria and Yemen, rollbacked transparency in reporting drone strike deaths, and reduced accountability. In March 2019, Trump ended the Obama policy of reporting the number of civilian deaths caused by U.S. drone strikes, claiming that this policy was unnecessary.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The number of U.S. troops deployed to Afghanistan decreased significantly during Trump's presidency. By the end of Trump's term in office troop levels in Afghanistan were at the lowest levels since the early days of the war in 2001. Trump's presidency saw an expansion of drone warfare and a massive increase in civilian casualties from airstrikes in Afghanistan relative to the Obama administration.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In February 2020, the Trump administration signed a deal with the Taliban, which if upheld by the Taliban, would result in the withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan by May 2021 (Trump's successor Joe Biden later extended the deadline to September 2021). As part of the deal, the U.S. agreed to the release of 5,000 Taliban members who were imprisoned by the Afghan government; some of these ex-prisoners went on to join the 2021 Taliban offensive that felled the Afghan government.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In 2020, US casualties in Afghanistan reached their lowest level for the entire war. In Iraq, casualties increased, being significantly higher in Trump's term than Obama's second term.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Following the collapse of the Afghan government and the fall of Kabul in August 2021, accusations by Olivia Troye surfaced on Twitter of the Trump Administration deliberately obstructing the visa process for Afghans who had helped U.S. efforts in Afghanistan.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: During a June 2019 visit to South Korea, Trump visited the Korean Demilitarized Zone and invited North Korean leader Kim Jong-un to meet him there, which he did, and Trump became the first sitting president to step inside North Korea.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In October 2018, amid widespread condemnation of Saudi Arabia for the murder of prominent Saudi journalist and dissident Jamal Khashoggi, the Trump administration pushed back on the condemnation. After the CIA assessed that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman ordered the murder of Khashoggi, Trump rejected the assessment and said the CIA only had "feelings" on the matter.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Since the Six Day War in 1967, the United States had considered Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank to be "illegitimate". This status changed in November 2019 when the Trump administration shifted U.S. policy and declared "the establishment of Israeli civilian settlements in the West Bank is not "per se" inconsistent with international law."

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In October 2017, former Trump campaign advisor George Papadopoulos pleaded guilty to one count of making false statements to the FBI regarding his contacts with Russian agents. During the campaign he had tried repeatedly but unsuccessfully to set up meetings in Russia between Trump campaign representatives and Russian officials.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump went to great lengths to keep details of his private conversations with Russian president Putin secret, including in one case by retaining his interpreter's notes and instructing the linguist to not share the contents of the discussions with anyone in the administration. As a result, there were no detailed records, even in classified files, of Trump's conversations with Putin on five occasions.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Of Trump's campaign advisors and staff, six of them were indicted by the special counsel's office; five of them (Michael Cohen, Michael Flynn, Rick Gates, Paul Manafort, George Papadopoulos) pleaded guilty, while one has pleaded not guilty (Roger Stone). As of December 2020, Stone, Papadopoulos, Manafort, and Flynn have been pardoned by Trump, but not Cohen or Gates.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In February 2018, when Special Counsel Mueller indicted more than a dozen Russians and three entities for interference in the 2016 election, Trump's response was to assert that the indictment was proof his campaign did not collude with the Russians. "The New York Times" noted Trump "voiced no concern that a foreign power had been trying for nearly four years to upend American democracy, much less resolve to stop it from continuing to do so this year".

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: On April 18, 2019, a two-volume redacted version of the Special Counsel's report titled "Report on the Investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 Presidential Election" was released to Congress and to the public. About one-eighth of the lines in the public version were redacted.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Upon announcing the formal closure of the investigation and his resignation from the Justice Department on May 29, Mueller said, "If we had had confidence that the president clearly did not commit a crime, we would have said so. We did not, however, decide as to whether the president did commit a crime." During his testimony to Congress on July 24, 2019, Mueller said that a president could be charged with obstruction of justice (or other crimes) after the president left office.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The Trump administration has been characterized by a departure from ethical norms. Unlike previous administrations of both parties, the Trump White House has not observed a strict boundary between official government activities and personal, political, or campaign activities.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Among the administration's first policies was a five-year ban on serving as a lobbyist after working in the executive branch. However, as one of his final acts of office, Trump rolled back that policy, thus allowing administration staff to work as lobbyists.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: "The Washington Post" reported in May 2017, "a wide variety of information that until recently was provided to the public, limiting access, for instance, to disclosures about workplace violations, energy efficiency, and animal welfare abuses" had been removed or tucked away. The Obama administration had used the publication of enforcement actions taken by federal agencies against companies as a way to name and shame companies that engaged in unethical and illegal behaviors.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: The Trump administration stopped the longstanding practice of logging visitors to the White House, making it difficult to tell who has visited the White House. In July 2018, CNN reported that the White House had suspended the practice of publishing public summaries of Trump's phone calls with world leaders, bringing an end to a common exercise from previous administrations.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Henry Kerner, head of the Office of Special Counsel, found in a report released in November 2021 that at least thirteen administration officials demonstrated "willful disregard" for the Hatch Act, including "especially pernicious" behavior in the days before the 2020 election.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In March 2019, Tricia Newbold, a White House employee working on security clearances, privately told the House Oversight Committee that at least 25 Trump administration officials had been granted security clearances over the objections of career staffers. Newbold also asserted that some of these officials had previously had their applications rejected for "disqualifying issues", only for those rejections to be overturned with inadequate explanation.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: After the House Oversight Committee subpoenaed former head of White House security clearances Carl Kline to give testimony, the administration instructed Kline not to comply with the subpoena, asserting that the subpoena "unconstitutionally encroaches on fundamental executive branch interests". Kline eventually gave closed-door testimony before the committee in May 2019, but House Democrats said he did not "provide specific details to their questions".

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: On September 22, Trump confirmed that he had discussed with Zelensky how "we don't want our people like Vice President Biden and his son creating to the corruption already in the Ukraine." Trump also confirmed that he had indeed temporarily withheld military aid from Ukraine, offering contradicting reasons for his decision on September 23 and 24.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump often sought to use the office of the presidency for his own interest. Under his leadership, the Justice Department, which is traditionally independent from the President, became highly partisan and acted in Trump's interest.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: "Bloomberg News" reported in October 2019 that during a 2017 Oval Office meeting, Trump had asked Secretary of State Rex Tillerson to pressure the Justice Department to drop a criminal investigation of Reza Zarrab, an Iranian-Turkish gold trader who was a client of Trump associate Rudy Giuliani. Tillerson reportedly refused.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump attempted to host the 2020 G7 Summit at his Doral Golf Resort, from which he could have made significant profits. Trump visited his properties 274 times during his presidency. Government officials were charged as much as $650 per night to stay at Trump's properties.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In the lead up to the 2020 election, Trump and Postmaster General Louis DeJoy, a close ally of Trump, sought to hamper the US postal service by cutting funding and services, a move which would prevent postal votes from being counted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump has fired, demoted or withdrawn numerous government officials in retaliation for actions that projected negatively on his public image, or harmed his personal or political interests, including Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Director James Comey, Deputy FBI Director Andrew McCabe, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions, and Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: A June 2019 analysis by the "Washington Post" found that federal officials and GOP campaigns had spent at least $1.6million at businesses owned by Trump during his presidency. This was an undercount, as most of the data on spending by government officials covered only the first few months of Trump's presidency.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In the 2018 mid-term elections, Democrats had a blue wave, winning control of the House of Representatives, while Republicans expanded their majority in the Senate.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: On January 6, 2021, rioters supporting Trump stormed the U.S. Capitol in an effort to thwart a joint session of Congress during which the Electoral College vote was to be certified, affirming the election of former vice president Joe Biden as president.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: On January 7, the day after the Electoral College results were certified by Congress, Trump tweeted a video in which he stated, "A new administration will be inaugurated on January 20th. My focus now turns to ensuring a smooth, orderly and seamless transition of power." The State Department subsequently told diplomats to affirm Biden's victory.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: Trump gave a farewell address the day prior to the inauguration of Joe Biden. In it he stressed his economic and foreign policy record, and said the country can never tolerate "political violence". Breaking from tradition, Trump did not attend Biden's inauguration, becoming the first departing president in 152 years to refuse to attend his elected successor's inauguration, but he did honor another tradition by leaving Biden a letter on the "Resolute" desk in the White House.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


Presidency of Donald Trump

Context: In the sixth Siena College Research Institute's presidential rankings, conducted after Trump had been in office for one year, Trump was ranked as the third-worst president. C-SPAN's 2021 President Historians Survey ranked Trump as the fourth-worst president overall and the worst in the leadership characteristics of Moral Authority and Administrative Skills. Trump's best rated leadership characteristic was Public Persuasion, where he ranked 32nd out of the 44 individuals who were previously president.

Question: 2017 అమెరికా అధ్యక్షుడి గా ఎవరు పనిచేసారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: H. G. Wells was inspired to write about atomic weapons in a 1914 novel, "The World Set Free", which appeared shortly before the First World War. In a 1924 article, Winston Churchill speculated about the possible military implications: "Might not a bomb no bigger than an orange be found to possess a secret power to destroy a whole block of buildings—nay to concentrate the force of a thousand tons of cordite and blast a township at a stroke?"

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In Paris in 1934, Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie discovered that artificial radioactivity could be induced in stable elements by bombarding them with alpha particles; in Italy Enrico Fermi reported similar results when bombarding uranium with neutrons.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: After learning about the German fission in 1939, Szilard concluded that uranium would be the element which can realize his 1933 idea about nuclear chain reaction.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Scientists at Columbia University decided to replicate the experiment and on January 25, 1939, conducted the first nuclear fission experiment in the United States in the basement of Pupin Hall. The following year, they identified the active component of uranium as being the rare isotope uranium-235.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Between 1939 and 1940, Joliot-Curie's team applied for a patent family covering different use cases of atomic energy, one (case III, in patent FR 971,324 - "Perfectionnements aux charges explosives", meaning "Improvements in Explosive Charges") being the first official document explicitly mentioning a nuclear explosion as a purpose, including for war. This patent was applied for on May 4, 1939, but only granted in 1950, being withheld by French authorities in the meantime.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Uranium appears in nature primarily in two isotopes: uranium-238 and uranium-235. When the nucleus of uranium-235 absorbs a neutron, it undergoes nuclear fission, releasing energy and, on average, 2.5 neutrons. Because uranium-235 releases more neutrons than it absorbs, it can support a chain reaction and so is described as fissile. Uranium-238, on the other hand, is not fissile as it does not normally undergo fission when it absorbs a neutron.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: By the start of the war in September 1939, many scientists likely to be persecuted by the Nazis had already escaped. Physicists on both sides were well aware of the possibility of utilizing nuclear fission as a weapon, but no one was quite sure how it could be engineered. In August 1939, concerned that Germany might have its own project to develop fission-based weapons, Albert Einstein signed a letter to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt warning him of the threat.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Roosevelt responded by setting up the Uranium Committee under Lyman James Briggs but, with little initial funding ($6,000), progress was slow. It was not until the U.S. entered the war in December 1941 that Washington decided to commit the necessary resources to a top-secret high priority bomb project.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Edgar Sengier, a director of Shinkolobwe Mine in the Congo which produced by far the highest quality uranium ore in the world, had become aware of uranium's possible use in a bomb. In late 1940, fearing that it might be seized by the Germans, he shipped the mine's entire stockpile of ore to a warehouse in New York.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The beginning of the American research about nuclear weapons (The Manhattan Project) started with the Einstein–Szilárd letter.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The simplest form of nuclear weapon is a gun-type fission weapon, where a sub-critical mass would be shot at another sub-critical mass. The result would be a super-critical mass and an uncontrolled chain reaction that would create the desired explosion. The weapons envisaged in 1942 were the two gun-type weapons, Little Boy (uranium) and Thin Man (plutonium), and the Fat Man plutonium implosion bomb.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In early 1943 Oppenheimer determined that two projects should proceed forwards: the Thin Man project (plutonium gun) and the Fat Man project (plutonium implosion). The plutonium gun was to receive the bulk of the research effort, as it was the project with the most uncertainty involved. It was assumed that the uranium gun-type bomb could then be adapted from it.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In December 1943 the British mission of 19 scientists arrived in Los Alamos. Hans Bethe became head of the Theoretical Division.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Historians claim to have found a rough schematic showing a Nazi nuclear bomb. In March 1945, a German scientific team was directed by the physicist Kurt Diebner to develop a primitive nuclear device in Ohrdruf, Thuringia. Last ditch research was conducted in an experimental nuclear reactor at Haigerloch.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: On April 12, after Roosevelt's death, Vice President Harry S. Truman assumed the presidency. At the time of the unconditional surrender of Germany on May 8, 1945, the Manhattan Project was still months away from producing a working weapon.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: A half-hearted plan for international control was proposed at the newly formed United Nations by Bernard Baruch (The Baruch Plan), but it was clear both to American commentators—and to the Soviets—that it was an attempt primarily to stymie Soviet nuclear efforts. The Soviets vetoed the plan, effectively ending any immediate postwar negotiations on atomic energy, and made overtures towards banning the use of atomic weapons in general.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Two days after the bombing of Nagasaki, the U.S. government released an official technical history of the Manhattan Project, authored by Princeton physicist Henry DeWolf Smyth, known colloquially as the Smyth Report. The sanitized summary of the wartime effort focused primarily on the production facilities and scale of investment, written in part to justify the wartime expenditure to the American public.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The Soviet program, under the suspicious watch of former NKVD chief Lavrenty Beria (a participant and victor in Stalin's Great Purge of the 1930s), would use the Report as a blueprint, seeking to duplicate as much as possible the American effort. The "secret cities" used for the Soviet equivalents of Hanford and Oak Ridge literally vanished from the maps for decades to come.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: On August 29, 1949, the effort brought its results, when the USSR successfully tested its first fission bomb, dubbed "Joe-1" by the U.S. The news of the first Soviet bomb was announced to the world first by the United States, which had detected atmospheric radioactive traces generated from its test site in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The loss of the American monopoly on nuclear weapons marked the first tit-for-tat of the nuclear arms race.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The notion of using a fission weapon to ignite a process of nuclear fusion can be dated back to September 1941, when it was first proposed by Enrico Fermi to his colleague Edward Teller during a discussion at Columbia University. At the first major theoretical conference on the development of an atomic bomb hosted by J. Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California, Berkeley in the summer of 1942, Teller directed the majority of the discussion towards this idea of a "Super" bomb.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: It was thought at the time that a fission weapon would be quite simple to develop and that perhaps work on a hydrogen bomb (thermonuclear weapon) would be possible to complete before the end of the Second World War. However, in reality the problem of a regular atomic bomb was large enough to preoccupy the scientists for the next few years, much less the more speculative "Super" bomb. Only Teller continued working on the project—against the will of project leaders Oppenheimer and Hans Bethe.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The Joe-1 atomic bomb test by the Soviet Union that took place in August 1949 came earlier than expected by Americans, and over the next several months there was an intense debate within the U.S. government, military, and scientific communities regarding whether to proceed with development of the far more powerful Super.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Many scientists, such as Bethe, urged that the United States should not develop such weapons and set an example towards the Soviet Union. Promoters of the weapon, including Teller, Ernest Lawrence, and Luis Alvarez, argued that such a development was inevitable, and to deny such protection to the people of the United States—especially when the Soviet Union was likely to create such a weapon themselves—was itself an immoral and unwise act.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: What is more, if such weapons were developed by both superpowers, they would be more effective against the U.S. than against the USSR, as the U.S. had far more regions of dense industrial and civilian activity as targets for large weapons than the Soviet Union.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Teller pushed the notion further, and used the results of the boosted-fission "George" test (a boosted-fission device using a small amount of fusion fuel to boost the yield of a fission bomb) to confirm the fusion of heavy hydrogen elements before preparing for their first true multi-stage, Teller-Ulam hydrogen bomb test. Many scientists, initially against the weapon, such as Oppenheimer and Bethe, changed their previous opinions, seeing the development as being unstoppable.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Even in the decades before fission weapons, there had been speculation about the possibility for human beings to end all life on the planet, either by accident or purposeful maliciousness—but technology had not provided the capacity for such action. The great power of hydrogen bombs made worldwide annihilation possible.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Speculation began to run towards what fallout and dust from a full-scale nuclear exchange would do to the world as a whole, rather than just cities and countries directly involved. In this way, the fate of the world was now tied to the fate of the bomb-wielding superpowers.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Throughout the 1950s and the early 1960s the U.S. and the USSR both endeavored, in a tit-for-tat approach, to prevent the other power from acquiring nuclear supremacy. This had massive political and cultural effects during the Cold War.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: As one instance of this mindset, in the early 1950s it was proposed to drop a nuclear bomb on the Moon as a globally visible demonstration of American weaponry.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The first atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, were large, custom-made devices, requiring highly trained personnel for their arming and deployment. They could be dropped only from the largest bomber planes—at the time the B-29 Superfortress—and each plane could only carry a single bomb in its hold.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The first hydrogen bombs were similarly massive and complicated. This ratio of one plane to one bomb was still fairly impressive in comparison with conventional, non-nuclear weapons, but against other nuclear-armed countries it was considered a grave danger.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In the immediate postwar years, the U.S. expended much effort on making the bombs "G.I.-proof"—capable of being used and deployed by members of the U.S. Army, rather than Nobel Prize–winning scientists. In the 1950s, the U.S. undertook a nuclear testing program to improve the nuclear arsenal.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Starting in 1951, the Nevada Test Site (in the Nevada desert) became the primary location for all U.S. nuclear testing (in the USSR, Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan served a similar role). Tests were divided into two primary categories: "weapons related" (verifying that a new weapon worked or looking at exactly how it worked) and "weapons effects" (looking at how weapons behaved under various conditions or how structures behaved when subjected to weapons).

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In the beginning, almost all nuclear tests were either atmospheric (conducted above ground, in the atmosphere) or underwater (such as some of the tests done in the Marshall Islands). Testing was used as a sign of both national and technological strength, but also raised questions about the safety of the tests, which released nuclear fallout into the atmosphere (most dramatically with the Castle Bravo test in 1954, but in more limited amounts with almost all atmospheric nuclear testing).

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In 1963, all nuclear and many non-nuclear states signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, pledging to refrain from testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, underwater, or in outer space. The treaty permitted underground tests.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Most tests were considerably more modest, and worked for direct technical purposes as well as their potential political overtones. Weapons improvements took on two primary forms. One was an increase in efficiency and power, and within only a few years fission bombs were developed that were many times more powerful than the ones created during World War II. The other was a program of miniaturization, reducing the size of the nuclear weapons.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Early nuclear armed rockets—such as the MGR-1 Honest John, first deployed by the U.S. in 1953—were surface-to-surface missiles with relatively short ranges (around 15 mi/25 km maximum) and yields around twice the size of the first fission weapons. The limited range meant they could only be used in certain types of military situations. U.S. rockets could not, for example, threaten Moscow with an immediate strike, and could only be used as tactical weapons (that is, for small-scale military situations).

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: According to game theory, because starting a nuclear war was suicidal, no logical country would shoot first. However, if a country could launch a first strike that utterly destroyed the target country's ability to respond, that might give that country the confidence to initiate a nuclear war. The object of a country operating by the MAD doctrine is to deny the opposing country this first strike capability.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: MAD played on two seemingly opposed modes of thought: cold logic and emotional fear. The English phrase MAD was often known by, "nuclear deterrence," was translated by the French as "dissuasion," and "terrorization" by the Soviets. This apparent paradox of nuclear war was summed up by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill as "the worse things get, the better they are"—the greater the threat of mutual destruction, the safer the world would be.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The U.S. poured massive funding into development of SAGE, a system that could track and intercept enemy bomber aircraft using information from remote radar stations. It was the first computer system to feature real-time processing, multiplexing, and display devices. It was the first general computing machine, and a direct predecessor of modern computers.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Operation Crossroads was a series of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean in the summer of 1946. Its purpose was to test the effect of nuclear weapons on naval ships. To prepare the Bikini atoll for the nuclear tests, Bikini's native residents were evicted from their homes and resettled on smaller, uninhabited islands where they were unable to sustain themselves.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In the United Kingdom, the first Aldermaston March organised by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament took place at Easter 1958, when several thousand people marched for four days from Trafalgar Square, London, to the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment close to Aldermaston in Berkshire, England, to demonstrate their opposition to nuclear weapons. The Aldermaston marches continued into the late 1960s when tens of thousands of people took part in the four-day marches.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In 1959, a letter in the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists" was the start of a successful campaign to stop the Atomic Energy Commission dumping radioactive waste in the sea 19 kilometres from Boston. On November 1, 1961, at the height of the Cold War, about 50,000 women brought together by Women Strike for Peace marched in 60 cities in the United States to demonstrate against nuclear weapons. It was the largest national women's peace protest of the 20th century.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The military realities made for a precarious diplomatic situation. The international politics of brinkmanship led leaders to exclaim their willingness to participate in a nuclear war rather than concede any advantage to their opponents, feeding public fears that their generation may be the last. Civil defense programs undertaken by both superpowers, exemplified by the construction of fallout shelters and urging civilians about the survivability of nuclear war, did little to ease public concerns.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: "You and I should not now pull on the ends of the rope in which you have tied a knot of war, because the harder you and I pull, the tighter the knot will become. And a time may come when this knot is tied so tight that the person who tied it is no longer capable of untying it, and then the knot will have to be cut. What that would mean I need not explain to you, because you yourself understand perfectly what dreaded forces our two countries possess."

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: France had been heavily involved in nuclear research before World War II through the work of the Joliot-Curies. This was discontinued after the war because of the instability of the Fourth Republic and lack of finances. However, in the 1950s, France launched a civil nuclear research program, which produced plutonium as a byproduct.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In 1956, France formed a secret Committee for the Military Applications of Atomic Energy and a development program for delivery vehicles. With the return of Charles de Gaulle to the French presidency in 1958, final decisions to build a bomb were made, which led to a successful test in 1960. Since then, France has developed and maintained its own nuclear deterrent independent of NATO.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 essentially ended the Cold War. However, the end of the Cold War failed to end the threat of nuclear weapon use, although global fears of nuclear war reduced substantially. In a major move of symbolic de-escalation, Boris Yeltsin, on January 26, 1992, announced that Russia planned to stop targeting United States cities with nuclear weapons.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The designing, testing, producing, deploying, and defending against nuclear weapons is one of the largest expenditures for the nations which possess nuclear weapons. In the United States during the Cold War years, between "one quarter to one third of all military spending since World War II [was] devoted to nuclear weapons and their infrastructure."

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: According to a retrospective Brookings Institution study published in 1998 by the Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Committee (formed in 1993 by the W. Alton Jones Foundation), the total expenditures for U.S. nuclear weapons from 1940 to 1998 was $5.5 trillion in 1996 Dollars.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: For comparison, the total public debt at the end of fiscal year 1998 was $5,478,189,000,000 in 1998 Dollars or $5.3 trillion in 1996 Dollars. The "entire public debt" in 1998 was therefore equal to the cost of research, development, and deployment of U.S. nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons-related programs during the Cold War.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: The "second nuclear age" can be regarded as proliferation of nuclear weapons among lesser powers and for reasons other than the American-Soviet-Chinese rivalry.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: India embarked relatively early on a program aimed at nuclear weapons capability, but apparently accelerated this after the Sino-Indian War of 1962. India's first atomic-test explosion was in 1974 with "Smiling Buddha", which it described as a "peaceful nuclear explosion."

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: All of the former Soviet bloc countries with nuclear weapons (Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan) transferred their warheads to Russia by 1996.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: Israel is widely believed to possess an arsenal of up to several hundred nuclear warheads, but this has never been officially confirmed or denied (though the existence of their Dimona nuclear facility was confirmed by Mordechai Vanunu in 1986). Several key US scientists involved in the American bomb making program, clandestinely helped the Israelis and thus played an important role in nuclear proliferation. One was Edward Teller, among others.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: In January 2004, Dr A. Q. Khan of Pakistan's programme confessed to having been a key mover in "proliferation activities", seen as part of an international proliferation network of materials, knowledge, and machines from Pakistan to Libya, Iran, and North Korea.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


History of nuclear weapons

Context: North Korea announced in 2003 that it had several nuclear explosives. The first claimed detonation was the 2006 North Korean nuclear test, conducted on October 9, 2006. On May 25, 2009, North Korea continued nuclear testing, violating United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718. A third test was conducted on 13 February 2013, two tests were conducted in 2016 in January and September, followed by test a year later in September 2017.

Question: అణుబాంబును ఏ దేశంపై మొదటగా ప్రయోగించారు?


Wright brothers

Context: The Wright brothers' status as inventors of the airplane has been subject to counter-claims by various parties. Much controversy persists over the many competing claims of early aviators. Edward Roach, historian for the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park, argues that they were excellent self-taught engineers who could run a small company, but they did not have the business skills or temperament to dominate the growing aviation industry.

Question: విమానాన్ని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Wright brothers

Context: After the men hauled the "Flyer" back from its fourth flight, a powerful gust of wind flipped it over several times, despite the crew's attempt to hold it down. Severely damaged, the "Wright Flyer" never flew again. The brothers shipped the airplane home, and years later Orville restored it, lending it to several U.S. locations for display, then to the Science Museum in London (see Smithsonian dispute below), before it was finally installed in 1948 in the Smithsonian Institution, its current residence.

Question: విమానాన్ని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Wright brothers

Context: The concept of varying the angle presented to the air near the wingtips, by any suitable method, is central to the patent. The patent also describes the steerable rear vertical rudder and its innovative use in combination with wing-warping, enabling the airplane to make a "coordinated turn", a technique that prevents hazardous "adverse yaw", the problem Wilbur had when trying to turn the 1901 glider. Finally, the patent describes the forward elevator, used for ascending and descending.

Question: విమానాన్ని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Wright brothers

Context: Curtiss refused to pay license fees to the Wrights and sold an airplane equipped with ailerons to the Aeronautic Society of New York in 1909. The Wrights filed a lawsuit, beginning a years-long legal conflict. They also sued foreign aviators who flew at U.S. exhibitions, including the leading French aviator Louis Paulhan. The Curtiss people derisively suggested that if someone jumped in the air and waved his arms, the Wrights would sue.

Question: విమానాన్ని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Wright brothers

Context: The Wright Company was incorporated on November 22, 1909. The brothers sold their patents to the company for $100,000 and also received one-third of the shares in a million dollar stock issue and a 10 percent royalty on every airplane sold. With Wilbur as president and Orville as vice president, the company set up a factory in Dayton and a flying school / test flight field at Huffman Prairie; the headquarters office was in New York City.

Question: విమానాన్ని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Wright brothers

Context: On November 23, 1948, the executors of Orville's estate signed an agreement for the Smithsonian to purchase the Flyer for one dollar. At the insistence of the executors, the agreement also included strict conditions for display of the airplane.

Question: విమానాన్ని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Wright brothers

Context: Both Wilbur and Orville were life-long bachelors. Wilbur once quipped that he 'did not have time for both a wife and an airplane'. Following a brief training flight he gave to a German pilot in Berlin in June 1911, Wilbur never flew again. He gradually became occupied with business matters for the Wright Company and dealing with different lawsuits. Upon dealing with the patent lawsuits, which had put great strain on both brothers, Wilbur had written in a letter to a French friend:

Question: విమానాన్ని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Wright brothers

Context: Orville's last major project was supervising the reclamation and preservation of the 1905 "Wright Flyer III", which historians describe as the first practical airplane.

Question: విమానాన్ని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Malayalam

Context: Robert Caldwell describes the extent of Malayalam in the 19th century as extending from the vicinity of Chandragiri (both Chandragiri river and Chandragiri fort near Mangalore) in the north where it supersedes Kannada and Tulu to Neyyar river beyond Thiruvananthapuram in the south, where it begins to be superseded by Tamil, besides the inhabited islands of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Some scholars however believe that both Tamil and Malayalam developed during the prehistoric period from a common ancestor, 'Proto-Tamil-Malayalam', and that the notion of Malayalam being a 'daughter' of Tamil is misplaced. This is based on the fact that Malayalam and several Dravidian languages on the Western Coast have common archaic features which are not found even in the oldest historical forms of literary Tamil.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Despite this the literary form of Malayalam shares many common innovations with literary Tamil that emerged during the early Middle Tamil period, thus making independent descent untenable. For example, Old Tamil lacks the first and second person plural pronouns with the ending '. It is in the Early Middle Tamil stage that ' first appears:

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Indeed, most features of literary Malayalam morphology are derivable from a form of speech corresponding to early Middle Tamil.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Variations in intonation patterns, vocabulary, and distribution of grammatical and phonological elements are observable along the parameters of region, religion, community, occupation, social stratum, style and register.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: According to the Dravidian Encyclopedia, the regional dialects of Malayalam can be divided into fifteen dialect areas. They are as follows:

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Labels such as "Nampoothiri Dialect", "Mappila Dialect", and "Nasrani Dialect" refer to overall patterns constituted by the sub-dialects spoken by the subcastes or sub-groups of each such caste. The most outstanding features of the major communal dialects of Malayalam are summarized below:

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Malayalam has incorporated many elements from other languages over the years, the most notable of these being Sanskrit and later, English. According to Sooranad Kunjan Pillai who compiled the authoritative Malayalam lexicon, the other principal languages whose vocabulary was incorporated over the ages were Arabic, Dutch, Hindustani, Pali, Persian, Portuguese, Prakrit, and Syriac.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: In all, Malayalis made up 3.22% of the total Indian population in 2011. Of the total 34,713,130 Malayalam speakers in India in 2011, 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the "Yerava" dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like "Eranadan". As per the 1991 census data, 28.85% of all Malayalam speakers in India spoke a second language and 19.64% of the total knew three or more languages.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Some authors say that Malayalam has no diphthongs and /aj, aw/ are clusters of V+glide j/w while others consider all V+glide clusters to be diphthongs /aj, aw, ej, oj, ja/ as in "kai, auṣadhaṁ, deivam, poikko" and "kāriaṁ"

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Vowel length is phonemic and all of the vowels have minimal pairs for example "paṭṭŭ" "silk", "pāṭṭŭ" "song", "koḍi" "flag", "kōḍi" "crore" (10 million), "er̠i" "throw", "ēr̠i" "lots"

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Some speakers also have an /æ:/ from English loanwords eg. /bæ:ŋgɨ̆/ "bank" but most speakers switch it with /a:/, /e:/ or /ja/.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: മനുഷ്യരെല്ലാവരും തുല്യാവകാശങ്ങളോടും അന്തസ്സോടും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തോടുംകൂടി ജനിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളവരാണ്. അന്യോന്യം ഭ്രാതൃഭാവത്തോടെ പെരുമാറുവാനാണ് മനുഷ്യന് വിവേകബുദ്ധിയും മനസാക്ഷിയും സിദ്ധമായിരിക്കുന്നത്.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: man̠uṣyarellāvaruṁ tulyāvakāśaṅṅaḷōṭuṁ antassōṭuṁ svātantryattōṭuṅkūṭi jan̠icciṭṭuḷḷavarāṇ‌ŭ. an̠yōn̠yaṁ bhrātr̥bhāvattōṭe perumāṟuvān̠āṇ‌ŭ man̠uṣyan̠ŭ vivēkabuddhiyuṁ man̠asākṣiyuṁ siddhamāyirikkunnatŭ.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: /manuʂjaɾellaːʋaɾum t̪uljaːʋaɡaːʃaŋŋaɭoːɖum an̪d̪assoːɖum sʋaːd̪an̪d̪rjat̪t̪oːɖuŋguːɖi d͡ʒanit͡ʃt͡ʃiʈʈuɭɭaʋaɾaːɳɨ̆ ǁ anjoːnjam bʱraːt̪ribʱaːʋat̪t̪oːɖe peɾumaːruʋaːnaːɳɨ̆ manuʂjanɨ̆ ʋiʋeːɡabud̪d̪ʱijum manasaːkʂijum sid̪d̪ʱamaːjiɾikkun̪n̪ad̪ɨ̆ ǁ/

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: The declensional paradigms for some common nouns and pronouns are given below. As Malayalam is an agglutinative language, it is difficult to delineate the cases strictly and determine how many there are, although seven or eight is the generally accepted number. Alveolar plosives and nasals (although the modern Malayalam script does not distinguish the latter from the dental nasal) are underlined for clarity, following the convention of the National Library at Kolkata romanization.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Vocative forms are given in parentheses after the nominative, as the only pronominal vocatives that are used are the third person ones, which only occur in compounds.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: When words are adopted from Sanskrit, their endings are usually changed to conform to Malayalam norms:

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Malayalam script consists of a total of 578 characters. The script contains 52 letters including 16 vowels and 36 consonants, which forms 576 syllabic characters, and contains two additional diacritic characters named anusvāra and visarga. The earlier style of writing has been superseded by a new style as of 1981. This new script reduces the different letters for typesetting from 900 to fewer than 90. This was mainly done to include Malayalam in the keyboards of typewriters and computers.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Malayalam numbers and fractions are written as follows. These are archaic and no longer used. Instead, the common Hindu-Arabic numeral system is followed. Note that there is a confusion about the glyph of Malayalam digit zero. The correct form is oval-shaped, but occasionally the glyph for () is erroneously shown as the glyph for 0.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Number "11" is written as "൰൧" and not "൧൧". "32" is written as "൩൰൨" similar to the Tamil numeral system.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: And 1,00,000 as " = hundred(), thousand() (100×1000), 10,00,000 as " = ten(), hundred(), thousand() (10×100×1000) and 1,00,00,000 as "" = hundred(), hundred(), thousand() (100×100×1000).

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Later on this system got reformed to be more similar to the Hindu-Arabic numerals so 10,00,000 in the reformed numerals it would be .

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: In Malayalam you can transcribe any fraction by affixing () after the denominator followed by the numerator, so a fraction like would be read as () 'out of ten, seven' but fractions like and have distinct names (, , ) and () 'half quarter'.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: The Sangam literature can be considered as the ancient predecessor of Malayalam. According to Iravatham Mahadevan, the earliest Malayalam inscription discovered until now is the Edakal-5 inscription (ca. late 4th century – early 5th century) reading (English: 'this is old'). Although this has been disputed by other scholars. The use of the pronoun and the lack of the literary Tamil ending are archaisms from Proto-Dravidian rather than unique innovations of Malayalam.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Malayalam poetry to the late 20th century betrays varying degrees of the fusion of the three different strands. The oldest examples of Pattu and Manipravalam, respectively, are "Ramacharitam" and "Vaishikatantram", both from the 12th century.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: But the period of the earliest available literary document cannot be the sole criterion used to determine the antiquity of a language. In its early literature, Malayalam has songs, "Pattu", for various subjects and occasions, such as harvesting, love songs, heroes, gods, etc. A form of writing called "Campu" emerged from the 14th century onwards. It mixed poetry with prose and used a vocabulary strongly influenced by Sanskrit, with themes from epics and "Puranas".

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Kunchan Nambiar, the founder of "Thullal" movement, was a prolific literary figure of the 18th century.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: The British printed Malabar English Dictionary by Graham Shaw in 1779 was still in the form of a Tamil-English Dictionary. Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar wrote the first Malayalam travelogue called "Varthamanappusthakam" in 1789.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar, (1861–1914) from Thalassery was the author of first Malayalam short story, Vasanavikriti. After him innumerable world class literature works by was born in Malayalam.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: O. Chandu Menon wrote his novels "Indulekha" and "Saradha" while he was the judge at Parappanangadi Munciff Court. "Indulekha" is also the first Major Novel written in Malayalam language.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith winning poets and writers like G. Sankara Kurup, S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, O. N. V. Kurup, and Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri, had made valuable contributions to the modern Malayalam literature. Later, writers like O. V. Vijayan, Kamaladas, M. Mukundan, Arundhati Roy, and Vaikom Muhammed Basheer, have gained international recognition.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: The travelogues written by S. K. Pottekkatt were turning point in the travelogue literature. The writers like Kavalam Narayana Panicker have contributed much to Malayalam drama.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: In 1957 Basheer's "Pathummayude Aadu" (Pathumma's Goat) brought in a new kind of prose tale, which perhaps only Basheer could handle with dexterity. The fifties thus mark the evolution of a new kind of fiction, which had its impact on the short stories as well. This was the auspicious moment for the entry of M. T. Vasudevan Nair and T. Padmanabhan upon the scene. Front runners in the post-modern trend include Kakkanadan, O. V. Vijayan, E. Harikumar, M. Mukundan and Anand.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Malayalam

Context: Contemporary Malayalam poetry deals with social, political, and economic life context. The tendency of the modern poetry is often towards political radicalism.

Question: మలయాళ భాష ఏ రాష్ట్రానికి అధికారిక భాష?


Mahabharata

Context: The Mahābhārata ( ; , "", ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the "Rāmāyaṇa". It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or "puruṣārtha" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the "Mahābhārata" are the "Bhagavad Gita", the story of Damayanti, the story of Shakuntala, the story of Pururava and Urvashi, the story of Savitri and Satyavan, the story of Kacha and Devayani, the story of Rishyasringa and an abbreviated version of the "Rāmāyaṇa", often considered as works in their own right.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The first section of the "Mahābhārata" states that it was Ganesha who wrote down the text to Vyasa's dictation, but this is regarded by scholars as a later interpolation to the epic and the "Critical Edition" doesn't include Ganesha at all.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The text was described by some early 20th-century Indologists as unstructured and chaotic. Hermann Oldenberg supposed that the original poem must once have carried an immense "tragic force" but dismissed the full text as a "horrible chaos." Moritz Winternitz ("Geschichte der indischen Literatur" 1909) considered that "only unpoetical theologists and clumsy scribes" could have lumped the parts of disparate origin into an unordered whole.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The redaction of this large body of text was carried out after formal principles, emphasizing the numbers 18 and 12. The addition of the latest parts may be dated by the absence of the "Anuśāsana-Parva" and the "Virāta Parva" from the "Spitzer manuscript". The oldest surviving Sanskrit text dates to the Kushan Period (200 CE).

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The "Suparṇākhyāna", a late Vedic period poem considered to be among the "earliest traces of epic poetry in India," is an older, shorter precursor to the expanded legend of Garuda that is included in the "Āstīka Parva", within the "Ādi Parva" of the "Mahābhārata".

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The Greek writer Dio Chrysostom (c. 40 – c. 120 CE) reported that Homer's poetry was being sung even in India. Many scholars have taken this as evidence for the existence of a "Mahābhārata" at this date, whose episodes Dio or his sources identify with the story of the "Iliad".

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Several stories within the "Mahābhārata" took on separate identities of their own in Classical Sanskrit literature. For instance, Abhijñānaśākuntala by the renowned Sanskrit poet Kālidāsa (c. 400 CE), believed to have lived in the era of the Gupta dynasty, is based on a story that is the precursor to the "Mahābhārata". Urubhaṅga, a Sanskrit play written by Bhāsa who is believed to have lived before Kālidāsa, is based on the slaying of Duryodhana by the splitting of his thighs by Bhīma.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The copper-plate inscription of the Maharaja Sharvanatha (533–534 CE) from Khoh (Satna District, Madhya Pradesh) describes the "Mahābhārata" as a "collection of 100,000 verses" ("śata-sahasri saṃhitā").

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The Mahabharata begins with the following hymn and in fact this praise has been made at the beginning of every Parva:

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: "Om! Having bowed down to Narayana and Nara (Arjuna), the most exalted male being, and also to the goddess Saraswati, must the word Jaya be uttered."

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Nara-Narayana were two ancient sages who were the portion of Shree Vishnu. Nara was the previous birth of Arjuna and the friend of Narayana, while Narayana was the incarnation of Shree Vishnu and thus the previous birth of Shree Krishna.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Puranic literature presents genealogical lists associated with the "Mahābhārata" narrative. The evidence of the Puranas is of two kinds. Of the first kind, there is the direct statement that there were 1015 (or 1050) years between the birth of Parikshit (Arjuna's grandson) and the accession of Mahapadma Nanda (400-329  BCE), which would yield an estimate of about 1400  BCE for the Bharata battle. However, this would imply improbably long reigns on average for the kings listed in the genealogies.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Of the second kind is analyses of parallel genealogies in the Puranas between the times of Adhisimakrishna (Parikshit's great-grandson) and Mahapadma Nanda. Pargiter accordingly estimated 26 generations by averaging 10 different dynastic lists and, assuming 18 years for the average duration of a reign, arrived at an estimate of 850  BCE for Adhisimakrishna, and thus approximately 950  BCE for the Bharata battle.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: B. B. Lal used the same approach with a more conservative assumption of the average reign to estimate a date of 836 BCE, and correlated this with archaeological evidence from Painted Grey Ware (PGW) sites, the association being strong between PGW artifacts and places mentioned in the epic. John Keay confirms this and also gives 950 BCE for the Bharata battle.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Another traditional school of astronomers and historians, represented by Vriddha-Garga, Varahamihira (author of the "Brhatsamhita") and Kalhana (author of the "Rajatarangini"), place the Bharata war 653 years after the "Kali Yuga" epoch, corresponding to 2449 BCE.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The core story of the work is that of a dynastic struggle for the throne of Hastinapura, the kingdom ruled by the Kuru clan. The two collateral branches of the family that participate in the struggle are the Kaurava and the Pandava. Although the Kaurava is the senior branch of the family, Duryodhana, the eldest Kaurava, is younger than Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava. Both Duryodhana and Yudhishthira claim to be first in line to inherit the throne.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The struggle culminates in the great battle of Kurukshetra, in which the Pandavas are ultimately victorious. The battle produces complex conflicts of kinship and friendship, instances of family loyalty and duty taking precedence over what is right, as well as the converse.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The "Mahābhārata" itself ends with the death of Krishna, and the subsequent end of his dynasty and ascent of the Pandava brothers to heaven. It also marks the beginning of the Hindu age of "Kali Yuga", the fourth and final age of humankind, in which great values and noble ideas have crumbled, and people are heading towards the complete dissolution of right action, morality, and virtue.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Dhritarashtra has a hundred sons, and one daughter—Duhsala—through Gandhari, all born after the birth of Yudhishthira. These are the Kaurava brothers, the eldest being Duryodhana, and the second Dushasana. Other Kaurava brothers were Vikarna and Sukarna. The rivalry and enmity between them and the Pandava brothers, from their youth and into manhood, leads to the Kurukshetra war.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: After the deaths of their mother (Madri) and father (Pandu), the Pandavas and their mother Kunti return to the palace of Hastinapur. Yudhishthira is made Crown Prince by Dhritarashtra, under considerable pressure from his courtiers. Dhritarashtra wanted his son Duryodhana to become king and lets his ambition get in the way of preserving justice.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: After the wedding, the Pandava brothers are invited back to Hastinapura. The Kuru family elders and relatives negotiate and broker a split of the kingdom, with the Pandavas obtaining and demanding only a wild forest inhabited by Takshaka, the king of snakes, and his family. Through hard work, the Pandavas can build a new glorious capital for the territory at Indraprastha.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Shortly after this, Arjuna elopes with and then marries Krishna's sister, Subhadra. Yudhishthira wishes to establish his position as king; he seeks Krishna's advice. Krishna advises him, and after due preparation and the elimination of some opposition, Yudhishthira carries out the "rājasūya yagna" ceremony; he is thus recognized as pre-eminent among kings.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Dhritarashtra, Bhishma, and the other elders are aghast at the situation, but Duryodhana is adamant that there is no place for two crown princes in Hastinapura. Against his wishes Dhritarashtra orders for another dice game. The Pandavas are required to go into exile for 12 years, and in the 13th year, they must remain hidden. If they are discovered by the Kauravas in the 13th year of their exile, then they will be forced into exile for another 12 years.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The Pandavas spend thirteen years in exile; many adventures occur during this time. The Pandavas acquire many divine weapons, given by gods, during this period. They also prepare alliances for a possible future conflict. They spend their final year in disguise in the court of the king Virata, and they are discovered just after the end of the year.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: At the end of their exile, they try to negotiate a return to Indraprastha with Krishna as their emissary. However, this negotiation fails, because Duryodhana objected that they were discovered in the 13th year of their exile and the return of their kingdom was not agreed upon. Then the Pandavas fought the Kauravas, claiming their rights over Indraprastha.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Before the battle, Arjuna, noticing that the opposing army includes his cousins and relatives, including his grandfather Bhishma and his teacher Drona, has grave doubts about the fight. He falls into despair and refuses to fight. At this time, Krishna reminds him of his duty as a Kshatriya to fight for a righteous cause in the famous Bhagavad Gita section of the epic.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Though initially sticking to chivalrous notions of warfare, both sides soon adopt dishonorable tactics. At the end of the 18-day battle, only the Pandavas, Satyaki, Kripa, Ashwatthama, Kritavarma, Yuyutsu and Krishna survive. Yudhisthir becomes King of Hastinapur and Gandhari curses Krishna that the downfall of his clan is imminent.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: After "seeing" the carnage, Gandhari, who had lost all her sons, curses Krishna to be a witness to a similar annihilation of his family, for though divine and capable of stopping the war, he had not done so. Krishna accepts the curse, which bears fruit 36 years later.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Arjuna's grandson Parikshit rules after them and dies bitten by a snake. His furious son, Janamejaya, decides to perform a snake sacrifice ("sarpasattra") to destroy the snakes. It is at this sacrifice that the tale of his ancestors is narrated to him.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The "Mahābhārata" mentions that Karna, the Pandavas, Draupadi and Dhritarashtra's sons eventually ascended to svarga and "attained the state of the gods", and banded together – "serene and free from anger".

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: A Persian translation of "Mahabharata", titled "Razmnameh", was produced at Akbar's orders, by Faizi and ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni in the 18th century.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: The first complete English translation was the Victorian prose version by Kisari Mohan Ganguli, published between 1883 and 1896 (Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers) and by M. N. Dutt (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers). Most critics consider the translation by Ganguli to be faithful to the original text. The complete text of Ganguli's translation is in the public domain and is available online.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: A project to translate the full epic into English prose, translated by various hands, began to appear in 2005 from the Clay Sanskrit Library, published by New York University Press. The translation is based not on the "Critical Edition" but on the version known to the commentator Nīlakaṇṭha. Currently available are 15 volumes of the projected 32-volume edition.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Indian Vedic Scholar Shripad Damodar Satwalekar translated the Critical Edition of Mahabharata into Hindi which was assigned to him by the Government of India. After his death, the task was taken up by Shrutisheel Sharma.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Many condensed versions, abridgments and novelistic prose retellings of the complete epic have been published in English, including works by Ramesh Menon, William Buck, R. K. Narayan, C. Rajagopalachari, K. M. Munshi, Krishna Dharma, Romesh C. Dutt, Bharadvaja Sarma, John D. Smith and Sharon Maas.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Between 1919 and 1966, scholars at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, compared the various manuscripts of the epic from India and abroad and produced the "Critical Edition" of the "Mahabharata", on 13,000 pages in 19 volumes, over the span of 47 years, followed by the "Harivamsha" in another two volumes and six index volumes. This is the text that is usually used in current Mahābhārata studies for reference. This work is sometimes called the "Pune" or "Poona" edition of the "Mahabharata".

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?


Mahabharata

Context: Many regional versions of the work developed over time, mostly differing only in minor details, or with verses or subsidiary stories being added. These include the Tamil street theatre, terukkuttu and kattaikkuttu, the plays of which use themes from the Tamil language versions of "Mahabharata", focusing on Draupadi.

Question: మహాభారతాన్ని మొట్టమొదటిగా ఎవరు రచించారు?