Maoism

Context: Following the dissolution of the Union of Iranian Communists, the Communist Party of Iran (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) was formed in 2001. The party is continuation of Sarbedaran Movement and the Union of Iranian Communists (Sarbedaran). CPI (MLM) believes that Iran is a 'semifeudal-semicolonial' country and is trying to launch 'People's war' in Iran.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine is a Maoist political and military organization. The DFLP's original political orientation was based on the view that Palestinian national goals could be achieved only through revolution of the masses and people's war.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: In the late 1970s, the Peruvian Communist Party, Shining Path developed and synthesized Maoism into Marxism–Leninism–Maoism, a contemporary variety of Marxism–Leninism that is a supposed higher level of Marxism–Leninism that can be applied universally.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: Maoist movements in Portugal were very active during the 1970s, especially during the Carnation Revolution that led to the fall of the nationalist government (the Estado Novo) in 1974.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: The largest Maoist movement in Portugal was the Portuguese Workers' Communist Party. The party was among the most active resistance movements before the Portuguese democratic revolution of 1974, especially among students of Lisbon. After the revolution, the MRPP achieved fame for its large and highly artistic mural paintings.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: Intensely active during 1974 and 1975, during that time the party had members that later came to be very important in national politics. For example, a future Prime Minister of Portugal, José Manuel Durão Barroso was active within Maoist movements in Portugal and identified as a Maoist. In the 1980s, the Forças Populares 25 de Abril was another far-left Maoist armed organization operating in Portugal between 1980 and 1987 with the goal of creating socialism in post-revolutionary Portugal.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: The Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted) was a Spanish clandestine Maoist party. The armed wing of the party was First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: In 1968, a small extremist Maoist sect called Rebels () was established in Stockholm. Led by Francisco Sarrión, the group unsuccessfully demanded the Chinese embassy to admit them into the Chinese Communist Party. The organization only lasted a few months.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: The Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (TKP/ML) is a Maoist organization in Turkey currently waging a people's war against the Turkish government. It was founded in 1972 as split from another illegal Maoist party, the Revolutionary Workers' and Peasants' Party of Turkey (TİİKP) that was founded by Doğu Perinçek in 1969, led by İbrahim Kaypakkaya. The armed wing of the party is named the Workers' and Peasants' Liberation Army in Turkey (TİKKO).

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: TİİKP is succeeded by the Patriotic Party that is a Kemalist, left-wing nationalist and Eurasianist party.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: Critic Graham Young says that Maoists see Joseph Stalin as the last true socialist leader of the Soviet Union, but allows that the Maoist assessments of Stalin vary between the extremely positive and the more ambivalent. Some political philosophers, such as Martin Cohen, have seen in Maoism an attempt to combine Confucianism and socialism—what one such called "a third way between communism and capitalism".

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: Enver Hoxha critiqued Maoism from a Marxist–Leninist perspective, arguing that New Democracy halts class struggle, allows unrestricted capitalist exploitation, the theory of the three worlds is "counter-revolutionary" and questioned Mao's guerilla warfare methods.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: Some say Mao departed from Leninism not only in his near-total lack of interest in the urban working class, but also in his concept of the nature and role of the party. For Lenin, the party was sacrosanct because it was the incarnation of the "proletarian consciousness" and there was no question about who were the teachers and who were the pupils. On the other hand, for Mao this question would always be virtually impossible to answer.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


Maoism

Context: Mao-Spontex refers to a Maoist interpretation in western Europe which stresses the importance of the cultural revolution and overthrowing hierarchy.

Question: マルクス・毛沢東主義はいつ生まれた


William Borah

Context: William Edgar Borah (June 29, 1865 – January 19, 1940) was an outspoken Republican United States Senator, one of the best-known figures in Idaho's history. A progressive who served from 1907 until his death in 1940, Borah is often considered an isolationist, because he led the Irreconcilables, senators who would not accept the Treaty of Versailles, Senate ratification of which would have made the U.S. part of the League of Nations.

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: William Edgar Borah was born in Jasper Township, Illinois, near Fairfield in Wayne County. His parents were farmers Elizabeth (West) and William Nathan Borah. Borah was distantly related to Katharina von Bora, the Catholic nun who left her convent in the 16th century and married reformer Martin Luther. His Borah ancestors came to America in about 1760, fought in the Revolutionary War, and moved west with the frontier. The young William E. Borah was the seventh of ten children, and the third son.

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: He ran away from home with an itinerant Shakespearean company, but his father persuaded him to return. In his late teenage years, he became interested in the law, and later stated, "I can't remember when I didn't want to be a lawyer ... there is no other profession where one can be absolutely independent".

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: Borah presented his credentials at the Senate prior to the formal beginning of his first term on March 4, 1907. Until 1933, Congress's regular session began in December, allowing Borah time to participate in two major trials. One of these boosted him to national prominence for his role in the prosecution of Big Bill Haywood, and the other, with Borah as the defendant, placed him at risk of going to prison.

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: The Republicans both lost the presidency with Wilson's inauguration and went into the minority in the Senate. In the reshuffle of committee assignments that followed, Borah was given a seat on Foreign Relations. He would occupy it for the next quarter century, becoming one of America's leading figures on international affairs.

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: Like many Westerners, Borah held agrarian ideals, and linked them with a policy of isolationism and avoiding foreign entanglements he believed had served the nation well. Borah took pains, throughout the battle, to stress that he had opposed the principle of a league before it became a partisan issue; according to McKenna, in Borah's League fight, "of partisanship, jealousy, or personal hostility there is no trace".

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: Borah sought to visit Germany and see Hitler, hoping to settle the troubled international situation. He approached the German Embassy in Washington through intermediaries, and the Germans approved the trip, and even offered to pay, something Borah was unwilling to accept. Borah realized that such a journey would compromise him in foreign policy debates, and did not go; by August 1939, the U.S. was seeking to evacuate its citizens from Europe and the journey was no longer feasible.

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: In 1895, Borah married Mary McConnell of Moscow, Idaho, daughter of Governor William J. McConnell. They first met in Moscow while he was campaigning for her father. They had no children and she lived in Washington, D.C. into the 1960s; she died in 1976 at the age of 105. Small and elegant, she was commonly known as "Little Borah".

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: Borah had an affair with his close friend Alice Roosevelt Longworth, the eldest child of Theodore Roosevelt. He was the biological father of her daughter, Paulina Longworth Sturm (1925–1957). One family friend said of Paulina, "everybody called her 'Aurora Borah Alice.

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: In 1947, the state of Idaho presented a bronze statue of Borah to the National Statuary Hall Collection, sculpted by Bryant Baker. Idaho's highest point, Borah Peak, at was named for him in 1934, while he was dean of the Senate. Two public schools are named for him: Borah High School in Boise, opened in 1958, and Borah Elementary School in Coeur d'Alene. William E. Borah Apartment, Windsor Lodge, his longtime home in Washington was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1976.

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: Borah was the subject of a 1963 episode, "The Lion of Idaho", of the syndicated television anthology series "Death Valley Days". In the episode, Borah as a young attorney (played by Steve Forrest) defends a woman in Nampa on a murder charge.

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


William Borah

Context: Criticism of Borah meant little to the people of Idaho, who sent him to the Senate six times over thirty years in a rapidly changing America. Claudius O. Johnson, who studied Borah, explained their relationship:

Question: ウィリアム・エドガー・ボーラは何歳で死去した？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: A celebrity in his lifetime, Stevenson's critical reputation has fluctuated since his death, though today his works are held in general acclaim. In 2018 he was ranked, just behind Charles Dickens, as the 26th-most-translated author in the world.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson was born at 8 Howard Place, Edinburgh, Scotland, on 13 November 1850 to Thomas Stevenson (1818–1887), a leading lighthouse engineer, and his wife, Margaret Isabella (born Balfour, 1829–1897). He was christened Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson. At about age 18, he changed the spelling of "Lewis" to "Louis", and he dropped "Balfour" in 1873.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson's rejection of the Presbyterian Church and Christian dogma, however, did not turn into lifelong atheism or agnosticism. On February 15, 1878, he wrote to his father and stated:

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson did not resume attending church in Scotland. However, he did teach Sunday School lessons in Samoa, and prayers he wrote in his final years were published posthumously.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Justifying his rejection of an established profession, in 1877 Stevenson offered "An Apology for Idlers". "A happy man or woman", he reasoned, "is a better thing to find than a five-pound note. He or she is a radiating focus of goodwill" and a practical demonstration of "the great Theorem of the Liveableness of Life". So that if they cannot be happy in the "handicap race for sixpenny pieces", let them take their own "by-road".

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson had a long correspondence with fellow Scot J.M. Barrie. He invited Barrie to visit him in Samoa, but the two never met.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: The Stevensons shuttled back and forth between Scotland and the Continent, finally settling in 1884 in the Westbourne district of the English seaside town of Bournemouth in Dorset. They lived in a house Stevenson named 'Skerryvore' after a Scottish lighthouse built by his uncle Alan.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: From April 1885 Stevenson had the company of the novelist Henry James. They had met previously in London and had recently exchanged views in journal articles on the “art of fiction” and thereafter in a correspondence in which they expressed their admiration for each other’s work. After James had moved to Bournemouth to help support his invalid sister, Alice, he took up the invitation to pay daily visits to Skerryvore for conversation at the Stevensons' dinner table.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson's critical essays on literature contain "few sustained analyses of style or content". In "A Penny Plain and Two-pence Coloured" (1884) he suggests that his own approach owed much to the exaggerated and romantic world that, as a child, he had entered as proud owner of Skelt's Juvenile Drama—a toy set of cardboard characters who were actors in melodramatic dramas. "A Gossip on Romance" (1882) and "A Gossip on a Novel of Dumas's" (1887) imply that it is better to entertain than to instruct.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson very much saw himself in the mould of Sir Walter Scott, a storyteller with an ability to transport his readers away from themselves and their circumstances. He took issue with what he saw as the tendency in French realism to dwell on sordidness and ugliness. In "The Lantern-Bearer" (1888) he appears to take Emile Zola to task for failing to seek out nobility in his protagonists.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: As much as he said he disdained politics—"I used to think meanly of the plumber", he wrote to his friend Sidney Colvin, "but how he shines beside the politician!"—Stevenson felt himself obliged to take sides. He openly allied himself with chief Mataafa, whose rival Malietoa was backed by the Germans whose firms were beginning to monopolise copra and cocoa bean processing.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Five years after Stevenson's death, the Samoan Islands were partitioned between Germany and the United States.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson saw "The Beach of Falesá" as the ground-breaking work in his turn away from romance to realism. Stevenson wrote to his friend Sidney Colvin:

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: With his imagination still residing in Scotland and returning to earlier form, Stevenson also wrote "Catriona" (1893), a sequel to his earlier novel "Kidnapped" (1886), continuing the adventures of its hero David Balfour.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson was loved by Samoans, and his tombstone epigraph was translated to a Samoan song of grief. The requiem appears on the eastern side of the grave. On the western side the biblical passage of Ruth 1:16-17 is inscribed:

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson was a celebrity in his own time, being admired by many other writers, including Marcel Proust, Arthur Conan Doyle, Henry James, J. M. Barrie, Rudyard Kipling, Emilio Salgari, and later Cesare Pavese, Bertolt Brecht, Ernest Hemingway, Jack London, Vladimir Nabokov, and G. K. Chesterton, who said that Stevenson "seemed to pick the right word up on the point of his pen, like a man playing spillikins."

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: The Writers' Museum near Edinburgh's Royal Mile devotes a room to Stevenson, containing some of his personal possessions from childhood through to adulthood.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: A bronze relief memorial to Stevenson, designed by the American sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens in 1904, is mounted in the Moray Aisle of St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh. Saint-Gaudens' scaled-down version of this relief is in the collection of the Montclair Art Museum. Another small version depicting Stevenson with a cigarette in his hand rather than the pen he holds in the St. Giles memorial is displayed in the Nichols House Museum in Beacon Hill, Boston.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: In the West Princes Street Gardens below Edinburgh Castle a simple upright stone is inscribed: "RLS – A Man of Letters 1850–1894" by sculptor Ian Hamilton Finlay in 1987. In 2013, a statue of Stevenson as a child with his dog was unveiled by the author Ian Rankin outside Colinton Parish Church. The sculptor of the statue was Alan Herriot, and the money to erect it was raised by the Colinton Community Conservation Trust.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: A garden was designed by the Bournemouth Corporation in 1957 as a memorial to Stevenson, on the site of his Westbourne house, "Skerryvore", which he occupied from 1885 to 1887. A statue of the Skerryvore lighthouse is present on the site. Robert Louis Stevenson Avenue in Westbourne is named after him.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: The Stevenson House at 530 Houston Street in Monterey, California, formerly the French Hotel, memorializes Stevenson's 1879 stay in "the Old Pacific Capital", as he was crossing the United States to join his future wife, Fanny Osbourne. The Stevenson House museum is graced with a bas-relief depicting the sickly author writing in bed.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: The Robert Louis Stevenson Museum in St. Helena, California, is home to over 11,000 objects and artifacts, the majority of which belonged to Stevenson. Opened in 1969, the museum houses such treasures as his childhood rocking chair, writing desk, toy soldiers and personal writings among many other items. The museum is free to the public and serves as an academic archive for students, writers and Stevenson enthusiasts.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: A street in Honolulu's Waikiki District, where Stevenson lived while in the Hawaiian Islands, was named after his Samoan moniker: Tusitala.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Stevenson's former home in Vailima, Samoa, is now a museum dedicated to the later years of his life. The Robert Louis Stevenson Museum presents the house as it was at the time of his death along with two other buildings added to Stevenson's original one, tripling the museum in size. The path to Stevenson's grave at the top of Mount Vaea starts at the museum.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: The Chemin de Stevenson (GR 70) is a popular long-distance footpath in France that approximately follows Stevenson's route as described in "Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes". There are numerous monuments and businesses named after him along the route, including a fountain in the town of Saint-Jean-du-Gard where Stevenson sold his donkey Modestine and took a stagecoach to Alès.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: List of short stories sorted chronologically. Note: does not include collaborations with Fanny found in "More New Arabian Nights: The Dynamiter".

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Robert Louis Stevenson

Context: Although not well known, his island fiction and non-fiction is among the most valuable and collected of the 19th century body of work that addresses the Pacific area.

Question: ロバート・ルイス・スティーヴンソンの作品で最も売れたものは何？


Itter Castle

Context: Itter Castle () is a 19th-century castle in Itter, a village in Tyrol, Austria. In 1943, during World War II, it was turned into a Nazi prison for French VIPs. The castle was the site of an extraordinary instance of the U.S. Army, German Wehrmacht, Austrian Resistance, and the prisoners themselves fighting side-by-side against the "Waffen-SS" in the battle for Castle Itter in early May 1945 before the end of the war in Europe.

Question: イッター城はいつ建設された？


Itter Castle

Context: The hill castle is atop a knoll at the entrance to the Brixental valley, about south of Wörgl and west of Kitzbühel.

Question: イッター城はいつ建設された？


Itter Castle

Context: Besides the French VIP prisoners, the Castle held a number of Eastern European prisoners detached from Dachau, who were used for maintenance and other menial work.

Question: イッター城はいつ建設された？


Itter Castle

Context: After the war, the castle fell into disrepair until 1950 when Willi Woldrich acquired it and turned it into a luxury hotel. However, the hotel encountered financial problems and it was acquired by a holding company before it was sold to a private owner in 1985. Since that time, it has remained in private ownership and is not open to the public. It is owned by attorney Dr. Ernst Bosin from the city of Kufstein, Austria.

Question: イッター城はいつ建設された？


Cabaret

Context: The term originally came from Picard language or Walloon language words "camberete" or "cambret" for a small room (12th century). The first printed use of the word "kaberet" is found in a document from 1275 in Tournai. The term was used since the 13th century in Middle Dutch to mean an inexpensive inn or restaurant ("caberet", "cabret").

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: The word "cambret", itself probably derived from an earlier form of "chambrette", little room, or from the Norman French "chamber" meaning tavern, itself derived from the Late Latin word "camera" meaning an arched roof.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: Cabarets had appeared in Paris by at least the late 15th century. They were distinguished from taverns because they served food as well as wine, the table was covered with a cloth, and the price was charged by the plate, not the mug.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: They were not particularly associated with entertainment even if musicians sometimes performed in both. Early on, cabarets were considered better than taverns; by the end of the sixteenth century, they were the preferred place to dine out. In the 17th century, a clearer distinction emerged when taverns were limited to selling wine, and later to serving roast meats.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: By the end of the century, there were only a few cabarets of the old style remaining where artists and bohemians gathered. They included the "Cabaret des noctambules" on Rue Champollion on the Left Bank; the Lapin Agile at Montmartre; and "Le Soleil d'or" at the corner of the quai Saint-Michel and boulevard Saint-Michel, where poets including Guillaume Apollinaire and André Salmon met to share their work.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: German "Kabarett" developed from 1901, with the creation of the Überbrettl ("Superstage") venue, and by the Weimar era in the mid-1920s, the "Kabarett" performances were characterized by political satire and gallows humor. It shared the characteristic atmosphere of intimacy with the French cabaret from which it was imported, but the gallows humor was a distinct German aspect.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: The Polish "kabaret" is a popular form of live (often televised) entertainment involving a comedy troupe, and consisting mostly of comedy sketches, monologues, stand up comedy, songs and political satire (often hidden behind double entendre to fool censors).

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: It traces its origins to Zielony Balonik, a famous literary cabaret founded in Kraków by local poets, writers and artists during the final years of the Partitions of Poland.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: In the interwar Poland there was a considerable number of Yiddish-language cabarets. This art form was called kleynkunst (lliterally "small art") in Yiddish.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: In post-war Poland, it is almost always associated with the troupe (often on tour), not the venue; pre-war revue shows (with female dancers) were long gone.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: American cabaret was imported from French cabaret by Jesse Louis Lasky in 1911. In the United States, cabaret diverged into several different styles of performance mostly due to the influence of jazz music. Chicago cabaret focused intensely on the larger band ensembles and reached its peak during Roaring Twenties, under the Prohibition Era, where it was featured in the speakeasies and steakhouses.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: New York cabaret never developed to feature a great deal of social commentary. When New York cabarets featured jazz, they tended to focus on famous vocalists like Nina Simone, Bette Midler, Eartha Kitt, Peggy Lee, and Hildegarde rather than instrumental musicians. Julius Monk's annual revues established the standard for New York cabaret during the late 1950s and '60s.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: Cabaret in the United States began to decline in the 1960s, due to the rising popularity of rock concert shows, television variety shows, and general comedy theaters. However, it remained in some Las Vegas-style dinner shows, such as the Tropicana, with fewer comedy segments. The art form still survives in various musical formats, as well as in the stand-up comedy format, and in popular drag show performances.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


Cabaret

Context: In 2019 the first Serbian cabaret club Lafayette opened. Although Serbia and Belgrade had a rich night and theater life there was no cabaret house until 2019.

Question: キャバレーとサロンの違いは何


History of role-playing games

Context: Media attention both increased sales and stigmatized certain games. In thirty years the genre has grown from a few hobbyists and boutique publishers to an economically significant part of the games industry, though grass-roots and small business involvement remains substantial. Games industry company Hasbro purchased fantasy game publisher Wizards of the Coast in 1998 for an estimated $325 million.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: New publishers entered the scene, such as Chaosium ("RuneQuest", 1978 and "Call of Cthulhu", 1981), Iron Crown Enterprises ("RoleMaster", 1980), Palladium ("Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game", 1983), Victory Games ("James Bond 007" RPG, 1983), and West End Games ("Paranoia", 1984). These games were all based on a characteristics/skill system, following the trail blazed by "Traveller".

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: The second edition of "Dungeons & Dragons", launched in 1988, downplayed literary elements to reduce objections. Surviving artifacts of this heritage and its influence on the wider gaming community include widespread use of Tolkienesque character types and the persistence of the gaming term "vorpal." Borrowed from Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky", this was the first edition's most powerful magic sword.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: "Champions" (1981) also introduced game balance between player characters to role-playing games. Whereas in "Dungeons & Dragons" players created characters randomly using dice, newer games began to use a system whereby each player was given a number of character points to spend to get characteristics, skills, advantages, getting more points by accepting low characteristics, disadvantages, and so forth.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: Translations allowed the hobby to spread to other countries. New games began to be produced outside America, such as "Midgard" (1981) and "The Dark Eye" (1984) in Germany, "Drakar och Demoner" (1982) in Sweden, "Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay" (1986) in the United Kingdom, "Adventurers of the North - Kalevala Heroes" (1989) in Finland and "Enterprise: Role Play Game in Star Trek" (1983) and "Sword World RPG" (1989) in Japan.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: "Traveller" was translated into Japanese in 1984, quickly followed by "Dungeons & Dragons" in 1985.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: The fall of communism allowed the hobby to spread even further. A Polish RPG magazine, "Magia i Miecz" ("Magic and Sword"), was published in 1993, and soon several Polish role-playing games followed, with other post-communist countries soon joining in.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: With advances in home computing, role-playing video games increased in popularity. These games, which use settings and game-mechanics found in role-playing games, do not require a gamemaster or require a player to remain in-character. Although they helped to introduce new gamers to the hobby, the demands of time and money on players were split between the two.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: In the year afterwards (1994), Bethesda Softworks released the first chapter in their "The Elder Scrolls" role-playing video game series. The game was Bethesda's attempt to create a true "pen and paper" style experience for personal computers, with the fifth major game, "" (2011) being one of the most frequently released games in the history of the industry.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: Meanwhile, self-defined "Indie role-playing" communities arose on the internet, studying role-playing and developing the GNS Theory of role-playing games. With the advent of print on demand and PDF publishing, it became possible for these individuals to produce games with tightly focused designs, eschewing the mainstream trends of the industry.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: Role-playing games are often poorly understood by the non-gaming community, and have attracted criticism from concerned parents and religious conservatives. The religious objections leveled against fantasy role-playing games in the past are similar to religious objections later made against the "Harry Potter" fantasy series.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: Publisher Steve Jackson Games nearly went out of business after a 1990 Secret Service raid seized the company's computers. The firm's fantasy technology game "GURPS Cyberpunk" inspired a mistaken assumption that they were computer hackers. A 1994 U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling upheld the firm's subsequent suit against the Secret Service. These actions, in part, led to the creation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: One of the most widely referenced incidents relating to "Dungeons & Dragons" came in 1979, with the disappearance of 16-year-old James Dallas Egbert III. Egbert had attempted suicide in the utility tunnels beneath the campus of Michigan State University, and after his non-fatal attempt, hid at a friend's house for approximately a month.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: Also in 1982, Patricia Pulling's son, an active "D&D" player, committed suicide, and Pulling believed the game to be the direct cause of his death. After unsuccessful legal action, Pulling founded the one-person advocacy group Bothered About "Dungeons & Dragons" (BADD), and began publishing information circulating her belief that "D&D" encouraged devil worship and suicide.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: Gamers organized the Committee for the Advancement of Role-Playing Games (CAR-PGa) in 1988. This organization writes letters to editors, gives interviews, and advocates for balanced reporting about RPGs.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: Their defense of RPGs has been made easier as more research has become available regarding such games. For example, the American Association of Suicidology, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and Health & Welfare (Canada) have all concluded that there is no causal link between fantasy gaming and suicide. And writer Michael Stackpole used BADD's own data to demonstrate that suicide is actually lower among gamers than non-gamers.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


History of role-playing games

Context: From 1994 to 1997 three proposals were put forth in the Swedish Riksdag aimed at removing government grants for Sverok, the Swedish nationwide umbrella organization for gaming clubs. The arguments for the proposals were that playing role-playing games made youths more prone to acts of violence and that some sensational cases that had come to the public's attention were caused by role-playing games.

Question: 世界で初めて発売されたファンタジー・ロールプレイングゲームは何ですか？


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: was a B1 type ("I-15"-class) submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy that served in World War II, took part in the Attack on Pearl Harbor, and was the only Axis submarine to carry out aerial bombing on the continental United States in World War II, during the so-called Lookout Air Raids, and the shelling of Fort Stevens, both attacks occurring in the state of Oregon.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: "I-25", of 2,369 tonnes (2,600 tons), was long, with a range of , a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . She carried a two-seater Yokosuka E14Y reconnaissance floatplane, known to the Allies as "Glen". It was disassembled and stowed in a hangar in front of the conning tower.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: In World War II, "I-25" served under the command of Lieutenant Commander Akiji Tagami who had graduated from Class 51 at Etajima, Hiroshima. 26-year-old Lieutenant Tatsuo Tsukudo was the executive officer(XO) on "I-25". "I-25" departed Yokosuka on 21 November 1941 in preparation for hostilities.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: "I-25" and three other submarines patrolled a line north of Oahu during the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor. After the Japanese aircraft carriers sailed west following the attack, "I-25" and eight other submarines sailed eastwards to patrol the west coast of the United States. "I-25" patrolled off the mouth of the Columbia River. A scheduled shelling of American coastal cities on Christmas eve of 1941 was canceled because of the frequency of coastal air and surface patrols.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: "I-25" attacked SS "Connecticut" off the US coast. The damaged tanker managed to escape but ran aground at the mouth of the Columbia River. "I-25" then returned to Kwajalein, arriving on 11 January 1942 to refuel and be refurbished.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: "I-25" left Kwajalein atoll in the Marshall Islands on 5 February for its next operational patrol in the south Pacific. Tagami's orders were to reconnoitre the Australian harbours of Sydney, Melbourne and Hobart followed by the New Zealand harbours of Wellington and Auckland.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: "I-25" travelled on the surface for nine days, but as she approached the Australian coastline, she only travelled on the surface under the cover of night.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: On Saturday 14 February, "I-25" was within a few miles of the coast near Sydney. The searchlights in Sydney could clearly be seen from the bridge of "I-25". Tagami then took "I-25" to a position south east of Sydney.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: Their next mission was a similar flight over Melbourne. Tagami decided to launch the aircraft from Cape Wickham at the northern end of King Island at the western end of Bass Strait about halfway between Victoria and Tasmania. The floatplane was launched on 26 February for its reconnaissance flight to Melbourne over Port Phillip Bay.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: Fujita's next reconnaissance flight in Australia was over Hobart on 1 March. "I-25" then headed for New Zealand where Fujita flew another reconnaissance flight over Wellington on 8 March. Fujita next flew over Auckland on 13 March, followed by Fiji on 17 March.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: "I-25" returned to its base at Kwajalein on 31 March and then proceeded to Yokosuka for refit. "I-25" was in Yokosuka drydock number 5 on 18 April 1942 when one of the Doolittle Raid B-25 Mitchell bombers damaged Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūhō in adjacent drydock number 4.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: While outbound past the Aleutian Islands for a third war patrol off the west coast of North America, "I-25"s Glen seaplane overflew United States military installations on Kodiak Island. The surveillance on 21 May 1942 was in preparation for the northern diversion of the Battle of Midway.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: The incoming shell fire had a highly stimulative effect on the personnel at Battery Russell. Men leaped out of bed, crashing into things in the dark—turning on a light would be unthinkable—as they scrambled to battle stations in their underwear.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: "We looked like hell," Capt. Jack R. Wood, commander of the battery, told historian Bert Webber later. "But we were ready to shoot back in a couple of minutes."

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: In the end, Battery Russell sat there and absorbed the fire without a single shot in reply. It was a turning point for American coastal artillery, and the failure to respond caused re-evaluation of men and artillery allocated to coastal defense.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: At 0415 4 October 1942 "I-25" torpedoed the tanker "Camden" en route from San Pedro, California, to Puget Sound with a cargo of of gasoline. The damaged tanker was towed to the mouth of the Columbia River. When its draft was discovered to be too great to reach repair facilities in Portland, Oregon, another tow was arranged to Puget Sound; but the tanker was destroyed on 10 October by a fire of unknown origin during the second tow.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: On the evening of 5 October 1942 "I-25" torpedoed the Richfield Oil Company tanker "Larry Doheny", which sank the next day. The cargo of of oil was lost with 2 of the tanker's crew and 4 members of the United States Navy Armed Guard. Survivors reached Port Orford, Oregon on the evening of 6 October.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: SS "H.M. Storey" was bringing fuel oil from Noumea, New Caledonia, in the South Pacific Ocean to Los Angeles. On May 17, 1943, "I-25" torpedoed and fired shells at the ship. The attack killed two of the crew; 63 of the crew made it in to the ship's lifeboats before she sank. US destroyer USS "Fletcher" rescued the crew in the lifeboats and took them to Port Vila Efate, Vanuatu, in the South Pacific.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Japanese submarine I-25

Context: "I-25" was sunk less than a year later by one or more of the destroyers , , or which were involved in a series of naval engagements from late August to mid September 1943 off the New Hebrides islands, approximately northeast of Espiritu Santo. Which American ship sank the "I-25" (or any of the other IJN submarines in the vicinity) remains unknown.

Question: 伊号第二十五潜水艦の初代船長は誰


Morse theory

Context: Before Morse, Arthur Cayley and James Clerk Maxwell had developed some of the ideas of Morse theory in the context of topography. Morse originally applied his theory to geodesics (critical points of the energy functional on the space of paths). These techniques were used in Raoul Bott's proof of his periodicity theorem.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: Considering a more general surface, let formula_1 be a torus oriented as in the picture, with formula_2 again taking a point to its height above the plane. One can again analyze of how the topology of the underwater surface formula_21 changes as the water level formula_5 rises.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: For a real-valued smooth function formula_64 on a differentiable manifold formula_65 the points where the differential of formula_2 vanishes are called critical points of formula_2 and their images under formula_2 are called critical values. If at a critical point formula_12 the matrix of second partial derivatives (the Hessian matrix) is non-singular, then formula_12 is called a '; if the Hessian is singular then formula_12 is a '.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: from formula_73 to formula_74 formula_2 has a critical point at the origin if formula_76 which is non-degenerate if formula_77 (that is, formula_2 is of the form formula_79) and degenerate if formula_80 (that is, formula_2 is of the form formula_82). A less trivial example of a degenerate critical point is the origin of the monkey saddle.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: The index of a non-degenerate critical point formula_12 of formula_2 is the dimension of the largest subspace of the tangent space to formula_1 at formula_12 on which the Hessian is negative definite. This corresponds to the intuitive notion that the index is the number of directions in which formula_2 decreases. The degeneracy and index of a critical point are independent of the choice of the local coordinate system used, as shown by Sylvester's Law.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: Let formula_12 be a non-degenerate critical point of formula_89 Then there exists a chart formula_90 in a neighborhood formula_91 of formula_12 such that formula_93 for all formula_94 and

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: throughout formula_96 Here formula_47 is equal to the index of formula_2 at formula_12. As a corollary of the Morse lemma, one sees that non-degenerate critical points are isolated. (Regarding an extension to the complex domain see Complex Morse Lemma. For a generalization, see Morse–Palais lemma).

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: A smooth real-valued function on a manifold formula_1 is a Morse function if it has no degenerate critical points. A basic result of Morse theory says that almost all functions are Morse functions. Technically, the Morse functions form an open, dense subset of all smooth functions formula_101 in the formula_102 topology. This is sometimes expressed as "a typical function is Morse" or "a generic function is Morse".

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: As indicated before, we are interested in the question of when the topology of formula_103 changes as formula_5 varies. Half of the answer to this question is given by the following theorem.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: Theorem. Suppose formula_2 is a smooth real-valued function on formula_65 formula_107 formula_108 is compact, and there are no critical values between formula_5 and formula_110 Then formula_21 is diffeomorphic to formula_112 and formula_113 deformation retracts onto formula_114

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: It is also of interest to know how the topology of formula_21 changes when formula_5 passes a critical point. The following theorem answers that question.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: Theorem. Suppose formula_2 is a smooth real-valued function on formula_1 and formula_12 is a non-degenerate critical point of formula_2 of index formula_121 and that formula_122 Suppose formula_123 is compact and contains no critical points besides formula_124 Then formula_125 is homotopy equivalent to formula_126 with a formula_47-cell attached.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: Using the two previous results and the fact that there exists a Morse function on any differentiable manifold, one can prove that any differentiable manifold is a CW complex with an formula_128-cell for each critical point of index formula_129 To do this, one needs the technical fact that one can arrange to have a single critical point on each critical level, which is usually proven by using gradient-like vector fields to rearrange the critical points.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: where formula_137 is the number of critical points of index formula_138 Also by cellular homology, the rank of the formula_128th homology group of a CW complex formula_1 is less than or equal to the number of formula_128-cells in formula_142 Therefore, the rank of the formula_47th homology group, that is, the Betti number formula_144, is less than or equal to the number of critical points of index formula_47 of a Morse function on formula_142 These facts can be strengthened to obtain the :

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: This gives a powerful tool to study manifold topology. Suppose on a closed manifold there exists a Morse function formula_64 with precisely "k" critical points. In what way does the existence of the function formula_2 restrict formula_1? The case formula_153 was studied by Georges Reeb in 1952; the Reeb sphere theorem states that formula_1 is homeomorphic to a sphere formula_155 The case formula_156 is possible only in a small number of low dimensions, and "M" is homeomorphic to an Eells–Kuiper manifold.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: In 1982 Edward Witten developed an analytic approach to the Morse inequalities by considering the de Rham complex for the perturbed operator

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: where formula_172 is the dimension of the unstable manifold at a given point of the critical manifold, and formula_173 is equal to formula_172 plus the dimension of the critical manifold. If the Morse–Bott function is perturbed by a small function on the critical locus, the index of all critical points of the perturbed function on a critical manifold of the unperturbed function will lie between formula_172 and formula_176

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: Morse–Bott functions are useful because generic Morse functions are difficult to work with; the functions one can visualize, and with which one can easily calculate, typically have symmetries. They often lead to positive-dimensional critical manifolds. Raoul Bott used Morse–Bott theory in his original proof of the Bott periodicity theorem.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: Round functions are examples of Morse–Bott functions, where the critical sets are (disjoint unions of) circles.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Morse theory

Context: Morse homology can also be formulated for Morse–Bott functions; the differential in Morse–Bott homology is computed by a spectral sequence. Frederic Bourgeois sketched an approach in the course of his work on a Morse–Bott version of symplectic field theory, but this work was never published due to substantial analytic difficulties.

Question: モース理論とはどのような理論ですか？


Thyroiditis

Context: Thyroiditis is the inflammation of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located on the front of the neck below the laryngeal prominence, and makes hormones that control metabolism.

Question: 慢性甲状腺炎を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thyroiditis

Context: Thyroiditis is a group of disorders that all cause thyroidal inflammation. Forms of the disease are Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the US, postpartum thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, silent thyroiditis, drug-induced thyroiditis, radiation-induced thyroiditis, acute thyroiditis, and Riedel's thyroiditis.

Question: 慢性甲状腺炎を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thyroiditis

Context: Each different type of this disease has its own causes, clinical features, diagnoses, durations, resolutions, conditions, and risks.

Question: 慢性甲状腺炎を初めて診断した医師は誰


Thyroiditis

Context: Most types of thyroiditis are three to five times more likely to be found in women than in men. The average age of onset is between thirty and fifty years of age. This disease tends to be geographical and seasonal, and is most common in summer and fall.

Question: 慢性甲状腺炎を初めて診断した医師は誰


Yuan Shikai

Context: Yuan Shikai had three Korean concubines, one of whom was Korean Princess Li's relative, concubine Kim. 15 of Yuan's children came from these three Korean women.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: Yuan's rise to fame began with his nominal participation in the First Sino-Japanese War as commander of the Chinese garrison forces in Korea. Unlike other officers, however, he avoided the humiliation of Chinese defeat by having been recalled to Beijing several days before the outbreak of conflict.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: He also founded a provincial junior college (Shandong College, the forerunner of Shandong University) in Jinan, which adopted western ideas of education.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: Yuan Shikai's Han-dominated New Army was primarily responsible for the defense of Beijing, as most of the modernized Eight Banner divisions were destroyed in the Boxer Rebellion and the new modernized Banner forces were token in nature.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: The Empress Dowager and the Guangxu Emperor died within a day of each other in November 1908. Sources indicate that the will of the emperor ordered Yuan's execution. Nonetheless, he avoided death. In January 1909, he was relieved of all his posts by the regent, Prince Chun. The public reason for Yuan's resignation was that he was returning to his home in the village of Huanshang (), the prefecture-level city of Anyang, due to a foot disease.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: The revolutionaries had elected Sun Yat-sen as the first Provisional President of the Republic of China, but they were in a weak position militarily, so they negotiated with the Qing, using Yuan as an intermediary. Yuan arranged for the abdication of the child emperor Puyi in return for being granted the position of President of the Republic of China. Yuan was not present when the Abdication edict was issued by Empress Dowager Longyu on 12 February 1912.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: In February 1913, democratic elections were held for the National Assembly in which the "Kuomintang" (KMT – "Chinese Nationalist Party") scored a significant victory. Song Jiaoren of the KMT zealously supported a cabinet system and was widely regarded as a candidate for prime minister.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: After his victory, Yuan reorganized the provincial governments. Each province was supported by a military governor () as well as a civil authority, giving each governor control of their own army. This helped lay the foundations for the warlordism that crippled China over the next two decades.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: During Yuan's presidency, a silver "dollar" (yuan in Chinese) carrying his portrait was introduced. This coin type was the first "dollar" coin of the central authorities of the Republic of China to be minted in significant quantities. It became a staple silver coin type during the first half of the 20th century and was struck for the last time as late as the 1950s. They were also extensively forged.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: Faced with widespread opposition, the Hongxian Emperor repeatedly delayed the accession rites in order to appease his foes, but his prestige was irreparably damaged and province after province continued to voice disapproval. On 25 December 1915, Yunnan's military governor, Cai E, rebelled, launching the National Protection War. The governor of Guizhou followed in January 1916, and Guangxi declared independence in March. Funding for the Hongxian Emperor's accession ceremony was cut on 1 March.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: Yuan formally abandoned the empire on 22 March after being emperor for only 83 days; primarily due to these mounting revolts as well as declining health from uremia. This was not enough for his enemies, who called for his resignation as president, causing more provinces to rebel. Yuan died of uremia at 10 a.m. on 6 June 1916, at the age of fifty-six.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: Yuan's remains were moved to his home province and placed in a large mausoleum. In 1928, the tomb was looted by Feng Yuxiang and his soldiers during the Northern Expedition.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: Yuan had a wife and nine concubines, who bore him 17 sons and 15 daughters, but only three were prominent: Prince Yuan Keding, Prince Yuan Kewen, and Prince Yuan Keliang.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: Jonathan Spence, however, notes in his influential survey that Yuan was "ambitious, both for his country and for himself", and that "even as he subverted the constitution, paradoxically he sought to build on late-Qing attempts at reforms and to develop institutions that would bring strong and stable government to China." To gain foreign confidence and end the hated system of extraterritoriality, Yuan strengthened the court system and invited foreign advisers to reform the penal system.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: After Yuan's death, there was an effort by Li Yuanhong to revive the Republic by recalling the legislators who had been ejected in 1913, but this effort was confused and ineffective in asserting central control. Li lacked any support from the military. There was a short-lived effort in 1917 to revive the Qing dynasty led by the loyalist general Zhang Xun, but his forces were defeated by rival warlords later that year.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: In the CCTV Production "Towards the Republic", Yuan is portrayed through most of his early years as an able administrator, although a very skilled manipulator of political situations. His self-proclamation as Emperor is largely depicted as being influenced by external forces, especially that of his son, prince Yuan Keding.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: A "bixi" (stone tortoise) with a stele in honor of Yuan Shikai, which was installed in Anyang's Huanyuan Park soon after his death, was (partly) restored in 1993.

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Yuan Shikai

Context: Chinese men before 1949 customarily used and were referred to by various names. Yuan's courtesy name was "Weiting" (Wade-Giles spelling: Wei-ting; ), and he used the pseudonym "Rong'an" (Wade-Giles spelling: Jung-an; ). He was sometimes referred to by the name of his birthplace, "Xiangcheng" (), or by a title for tutors of the crown prince, "Kung-pao" ().

Question: 袁 世凱の出身はどこ


Whig Party (United States)

Context: The Whig base of support was centered among entrepreneurs, professionals, planters, social reformers, devout Protestants, and the emerging urban middle class. It had much less backing from poor farmers or unskilled workers. The party was active in both the Northern United States and the Southern United States and did not take a strong stance on slavery, but Northern Whigs tended to be less supportive of that institution than their Democratic counterparts.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: Though he had not previously been affiliated with the National Republicans, Harrison indicated that he shared the party's concerns over Jackson's executive power and favored federal investments in infrastructure. Southern Whigs coalesced around Senator Hugh Lawson White, a long-time Jackson ally who opposed Van Buren's candidacy. Ultimately, Van Buren won a majority of the electoral and popular vote in the 1836 election, though the Whigs improved on Clay's 1832 performance in the South and West.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: By early 1838, Clay had emerged as the front-runner due to his support in the South and his spirited opposition to Van Buren's Independent Treasury. A recovering economy convinced other Whigs to support Harrison, who was generally seen as the Whig candidate best able to win over Democrats and new voters. With the crucial support of Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania and Thurlow Weed of New York, Harrison won the presidential nomination on the fifth ballot of the 1839 Whig National Convention.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: However, Southern voters responded to Polk's calls for annexation, while in the North, Democrats benefited from the growing animosity towards the Whig Party among Catholic and foreign-born voters. Ultimately, Polk won the election, taking 49.5% of the popular vote and a majority of the electoral vote; the swing of just over one percent of the vote in New York would have given Clay the victory.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: The Senate quickly moved onto the other major issues, passing bills that provided for the admission of California, the organization of New Mexico Territory, and the establishment of a new fugitive slave law. Passage of what became known as the Compromise of 1850 soon followed in the House of Representatives. Though the future of slavery in New Mexico, Utah, and other territories remained unclear, Fillmore himself described the Compromise of 1850 as a "final settlement" of sectional issues.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: Following the passage of the Compromise of 1850, Fillmore's enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 became the central issue of his administration. The Whig Party became badly split between pro-Compromise Whigs like Fillmore and Webster and anti-Compromise Whigs like William Seward, who demanded the repeal of the Fugitive Slave Act.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: Though Fillmore's enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act made him unpopular among many in the North, he retained considerable support in the South. Meanwhile, Secretary Webster had long coveted the presidency and, though in poor health, planned a final attempt to gain the White House. A third candidate emerged in the form of General Winfield Scott, who won the backing of many Northerners but whose association with Senator William Seward made him unacceptable to Southern Whigs.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: On the first presidential ballot of the 1852 Whig National Convention, Fillmore received 133 of the necessary 147 votes, while Scott won 131 and Webster won 29. Fillmore and Webster's supporters were unable to broker a deal to unite behind either candidate, and Scott won the nomination on the 53rd ballot. The 1852 Democratic National Convention nominated a dark horse candidate in the form of former New Hampshire senator Franklin Pierce, a Northerner sympathetic to the Southern view on slavery.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: As the Whig and Democratic national conventions had approved similar platforms, the 1852 election focused largely on the personalities of Scott and Pierce. The 1852 elections proved to be disastrous for the Whig Party, as Scott was defeated by a wide margin and the Whigs lost several congressional and state elections. Scott amassed more votes than Taylor had in most Northern states, but Democrats benefited from a surge of new voters in the North and the collapse of Whig strength in much of the South.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: The party campaigned on preserving the union and took an official non-stance on slavery. The Constitutional Union ticket won a plurality of the vote in three states, but Bell finished in fourth place in the national popular vote behind Republican Abraham Lincoln, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, and pro-Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge. In the North, most former Whigs, including the vast majority of those who had voted for Fillmore in 1856, voted for Lincoln in 1860.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: Unlike their Democratic rivals, many Whigs held an aversion to party organization that was rooted in a traditional American wariness of political parties. Whig opposition to parties waned after the 1830s, but many leading Whigs, including Webster and John Quincy Adams, never fully gave up their independence in favor of a party label. The Whigs were also deeply committed to preventing executive tyranny, which they saw as an existential threat to republican self-government.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: Aside from the Whig economic program, various other issues confronted the Whig Party. Temperance never became a purely partisan issue between Whigs and Democrats, but Whigs tended to be more favorable to state prohibition laws than were Democrats. Similarly, opinions on immigration did not break down strictly on party lines, but Whigs tended to have less favorable views towards immigration, partly because most recent immigrants aligned with the Democratic Party.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: In the mid-1840s, a group of Whigs unsuccessfully pushed a bill that would have implemented new paperwork requirements for naturalization and monitored the movements of immigrants in the United States more closely. The unwillingness of Whig leaders to push for more far-reaching changes, such as an extension of the five-year naturalization period, encouraged some Whigs to join nativist third parties.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: Although the Whigs and the rival Democratic Party established party structures that were unprecedented in terms of mass membership and continued functionality, both parties were still essentially coalitions of state party organizations and lacked strong cohesion at the national level. The Whigs built on the strength of National Republicans and the Anti-Masonic Party to build up party organizations in Delaware, Maryland, and much of New England.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: In Georgia, future Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens and Robert Toombs competed for influence with their intra-party rival, John M. Berrien. Future Republican President Abraham Lincoln served a single term as a Whig congressman representing Illinois.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: The other faction was tied to the cotton-based textile industry, which depended on Southern cotton. They de-emphasized the slavery issue. In Massachusetts, notable Consciences included Charles Sumner, Henry Wilson and Charles Francis Adams while the Cottons were led by such figures as Edward Everett, Robert C. Winthrop and Abbott Lawrence. During the mid-1850s, several Conscience leaders played an important role in the founding of the Republican Party.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Whig Party (United States)

Context: After the dissolution of the Whig Party, the term Whig remained part of the name of various newspapers, including the "Quincy Herald-Whig". Several small parties in the United States, including the Florida Whig Party and the Modern Whig Party, have adopted the Whig name. In Liberia, the True Whig Party was named in direct emulation of the American Whig Party. The True Whig Party was founded in 1869 and it dominated politics in Liberia from 1878 until 1980.

Question: ホイッグ党の初代党首は誰


Vaccination

Context: Vaccines are a way of artificially activating the immune system to protect against infectious disease. The activation occurs through priming the immune system with an immunogen. Stimulating immune responses with an infectious agent is known as "immunization". Vaccination includes various ways of administering immunogens.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: Most vaccines are given by injection as they are not absorbed reliably through the intestines. Live attenuated polio, rotavirus, some typhoid, and some cholera vaccines are given orally to produce immunity in the bowel. While vaccination provides a lasting effect, it usually takes several weeks to develop. This differs from passive immunity (the transfer of antibodies, such as in breastfeeding), which has immediate effect.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: A vaccine failure is when an organism contracts a disease in spite of being vaccinated against it. Primary vaccine failure occurs when an organism's immune system does not produce antibodies when first vaccinated. Vaccines can fail when several series are given and fail to produce an immune response. The term "vaccine failure" does not necessarily imply that the vaccine is defective. Most vaccine failures are simply from individual variations in immune response.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: Some vaccines, like the smallpox vaccine, prevent infection. Their use results in sterilizing immunity and can help eradicate a disease if there is no animal reserve. Other vaccines help to (temporarily) lower the chance of severe disease for individuals.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: If a vaccine passes all of the phases of testing, the manufacturer can then apply for license of the vaccine through the FDA. Before the FDA approves use in the general public, they extensively review the results to the clinical trials, safety tests, purity tests, and manufacturing methods and establish that the manufacturer itself is up to government standards in many other areas. However, safety testing of the vaccines never ends.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: After FDA approval, the FDA continues to monitor the manufacturing protocols, batch purity, and the manufacturing facility itself. Additionally, most vaccines also undergo phase IV trials, which monitors the safety and efficacy of vaccines in tens of thousands of people, or more, across many years. This allows for delayed or very rare reactions to be detected and evaluated.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has compiled a list of vaccines and their possible side effects. The risk of side effects varies from one vaccine to the next, but below are examples of side effects and their approximate rate of occurrence with the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, a common childhood vaccine.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: The ingredients of vaccines can vary greatly from one to the next and no two vaccines are the same. The CDC has compiled a list of vaccines and their ingredients that is readily accessible on their website.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: The administration protocols, efficacy, and adverse events of vaccines are monitored by organizations of the US federal government, including the CDC and FDA, and independent agencies are constantly re-evaluating vaccine practices. As with all medications, vaccine use is determined by public health research, surveillance, and reporting to governments and the public.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: In 2000, the CDC declared that measles had been eliminated in the US (defined as no disease transmission for 12 continuous months). However, with the growing anti-vaccine movement, the US has seen a resurgence of certain vaccine-preventable diseases. The measles virus has now lost its elimination status in the US as the number of measles cases continues to rise in recent years with a total of 17 outbreaks in 2018 and 465 outbreaks in 2019 (as of 4 April 2019).

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: In 2000, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization was established to strengthen routine vaccinations and introduce new and under-used vaccines in countries with a per capita GDP of under US$1000.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: To eliminate the risk of outbreaks of some diseases, at various times governments and other institutions have employed policies requiring vaccination for all people. For example, an 1853 law required universal vaccination against smallpox in England and Wales, with fines levied on people who did not comply. Common contemporary U.S. vaccination policies require that children receive recommended vaccinations before entering public school.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: In countries with limited financial resources, limited vaccination coverage results in greater morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease. More affluent countries are able to subsidize vaccinations for at-risk groups, resulting in more comprehensive and effective coverage. In Australia, for example, the Government subsidizes vaccinations for seniors and indigenous Australians.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: Fractional dose vaccination reduces the dose of a vaccine to allow more individuals to be vaccinated with a given vaccine stock, trading societal benefit for individual protection. Based on the nonlinearity properties of many vaccines, it is effective in poverty diseases and promises benefits in pandemic waves, e.g. in Covid-19, when vaccine supply is limited.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: A vaccine administration may be oral, by injection (intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous), by puncture, transdermal or intranasal. Several recent clinical trials have aimed to deliver the vaccines via mucosal surfaces to be up-taken by the common mucosal immunity system, thus avoiding the need for injections.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: According to a 2021 paper, vaccinations against haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, Japanese encephalitis, measles, neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, rotavirus, rubella, streptococcus pneumoniae, and yellow fever have prevented an estimated 50 million deaths from 2000 to 2019. The paper "represents the largest assessment of vaccine impact before COVID-19-related disruptions".

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations published a study in "The Lancet" in 2018 which estimated the costs of developing vaccines for diseases that could escalate into global humanitarian crises. They focused on 11 diseases which cause relatively few deaths at present and primarily strike the poor which have been highlighted as pandemic risks:

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Vaccination

Context: They estimated that it would cost between $2.8 billion and $3.7 billion to develop at least one vaccine for each of them. This should be set against the potential cost of an outbreak. The 2003 SARS outbreak in East Asia cost $54 billion.

Question: 予防接種はいつから始まりましたか？


Suica

Context: Since Suica is completely interchangeable with Pasmo (see "Interoperation" for the complete listing of companies and lines that accept Suica) in the greater Tokyo area, it is supported on virtually any train, tramway, and bus system (excluding various limited and shinkansen trains, as well as a few local buses as the system is still in the process of being extended to all routes).

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: Suica stands for "Super Urban Intelligent CArd". In the logo, the "ic" is highlighted, standing for the initialism of integrated circuit in "IC card", which in turn is common Japanese vernacular for smart card. An additional meaning comes from the ideophone "sui sui" which means "to move smoothly", intended to highlight the smooth simplicity of using the card compared with traditional train tickets. Since penguins can also swim smoothly through water, a penguin is used as a motif.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: While Suica's primary usage is as a fare card for transportation services, it can also be used as electronic money for general purchases. With the exception of archaic models of the Suica, all Suica have the logo, which indicates that the card can be used as an electronic money in addition to train fare usage. Older cards without the logo can be replaced at no cost. As of 2004, JR East employees use the card as an employee ID card.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: Usage of the card involves scanning it at a card reader. The technology allows for the card to be read at a short distance from the reader, so contact is not required. This functionality is in contrast to the instructions which frequently inform the user to the card to the reader, a misnomer since it works with or without physical contact. In fact, it is possible to leave the card in most wallets and just pass the wallet over the reader as they enter the ticket gate.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: The card can also be used to store a commuter pass. This is available for purchase from regular ticket machines and allows a Monthly, 3-monthly or Annual pass for travel between two JR stations to be stored on the card.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: MySuica allows users to input personal information at the time the card is created. If the card is later lost or stolen, the user can obtain a new card with the previous balance.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: In August 2019, JR East unveiled Welcome Suica, a Suica variant designed for use by tourists to Japan. The card's design features white cherry blossoms on a red background.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: Welcome Suica is also reloadable, but unlike regular Suica cards, Welcome Suica does not require the user to make a deposit. However, Welcome Suica can only be used for 28 days from the date of purchase after which it stops working. It is also nonrefundable, regardless of the balance or user's activity.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: JR East request customers always carry with them a reference sheet, or receipt, to accompany the card.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: The card incorporates a contactless Near Field Communication (NFC) technology developed by Sony, called FeliCa. The same technology is also deployed in the Edy electronic cash cards used in Japan, the Octopus card in Hong Kong, and the EZ-Link Card in Singapore.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: This agreement has since been implemented with other systems across Japan. On March 23, 2013, a nationwide inter-operation among 10 transportation smart cards started. As of 2014 Suica has interoperability with ICOCA, Kitaca, PASMO, TOICA, manaca, PiTaPa, SUGOCA, nimoca, hayakaken and several other local smart cards.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: In July 22, 2014, Nintendo added support for Suica and Pasmo cards in the Nintendo eShop through the NFC function of the Wii U GamePad and the New Nintendo 3DS. The service was then discontinued in January 18. 2022.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: Mobile Suica is a service for Osaifu Keitai mobile phones, first launched on January 28, 2006 by NTT DoCoMo and au in Japan, and now also offered by SoftBank Mobile and Willcom.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: Just like traditional Suica cards, which are prepaid rechargeable contactless smart cards mainly used to pay for fares on the JR East railway network, Mobile Suica can also be charged when the remaining balance gets low. Other features supported by the mobile phone includes the ability to review past Suica transactions via the mobile's display. Suica uses Sony's FeliCa chip for its main functionalities. Mobile Suica interacts with the FeliCa chip using Java technology.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: Since October 2006, it is possible to register for Mobile Suica using any major credit card, a Suica VIEW card is no longer required. A limited e-money only application called "Easy Mobile Suica" (which does not require a credit card) was also launched in late October 2006.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: On September 7, 2016, Apple announced that Suica cards could be added to Apple Pay in the Wallet app and used in the same way as a physical card. This functionality was limited to devices purchased in Japan which included FeliCa support: iPhone 7 (model A1779 and A1785) and Apple Watch Series 2.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: With the release of the iPhone 8, iPhone X and the Apple Watch Series 3, and later, devices purchased anywhere in the world could be used with Apple Pay Suica.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: iOS 15 introduced new Wallet app improvements and a dedicated category for adding Suica and other transit cards regardless of the device region setting.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Suica

Context: On May 24, 2018, Google announced that Suica cards could be added to Google Pay. This functionality is limited to Android devices that are purchased in Japan that support Osaifu-Keitai and have their Google Account's region set to Japan.

Question: モバイルSuicaが初めて導入されたのはいつ


Oppenheimer Blue

Context: The diamond was named for its previous owner Philip Oppenheimer. It is cut into a rectangle (emerald cut). The Oppenheimer Blue is the largest fancy vivid blue diamond classified by the Gemological Institute of America ever sold at auction; it sold at Christie's in Geneva in May 2016 for US$50.6 million (GBP 34.7m; 56.83m SFr). Two telephone bidders had competed for the diamond; the identity of the purchaser is not publicly known.

Question: 世界で一番高額な宝石はなんですか？


George Meade

Context: On December 31, 1840 (his birthday), he married Margaretta Sergeant, daughter of John Sergeant, running mate of Henry Clay in the 1832 presidential election. They had seven children together: John Sergeant Meade; George Meade (who became a colonel in the US Army); Margaret Butler Meade; Spencer Meade; Sarah Wise Meade; Henrietta Meade; and William Meade.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: Finding steady civilian employment was difficult for the newly married man, so he reentered the army in 1842 as a second lieutenant in the Corps of Topographical Engineers. Meade served in the Mexican–American War, assigned to the staffs of Generals Zachary Taylor, William J. Worth, and Robert Patterson. He was brevetted to first lieutenant for gallant conduct at the Battle of Monterrey.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: During the rest of the campaigning season in 1863, Meade was hobbled by the transfer of his XI and XII Corps to the Western Theater. Meade outmaneuvered Lee in the Bristoe Campaign, gaining a small victory. But his Mine Run Campaign failed when General French and the Third Corps bogged down.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: When Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was appointed commander of all Union armies in March 1864, Meade offered to resign. He stated the task at hand was of such importance that he would not stand in the way of Grant choosing the right man for the job and offered to serve wherever placed. Grant assured Meade he had no intentions of replacing him. Grant later wrote that this incident gave him a more favorable opinion of Meade than the great victory at Gettysburg.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: Grant made his headquarters with Meade for the remainder of the war, which caused Meade to chafe at the close supervision he received. Following an incident in June 1864, in which Meade disciplined reporter Edward Cropsey from "The Philadelphia Inquirer" newspaper for an unfavorable article, all of the press assigned to his army agreed to mention Meade only in conjunction with setbacks. Meade apparently knew nothing of this arrangement, and the reporters giving all of the credit to Grant angered Meade.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: Meade was a commissioner of Fairmount Park in Philadelphia from 1866 until his death. The people of Philadelphia gave his widow a house at 1836 Delancey Place, where he lived. The house still has the word "Meade" over the door, but it is now used as apartments. He also held various military commands, including the Department of the East and the Department of the South. He replaced Major General John Pope as governor of the Reconstruction Third Military District in Atlanta on January 10, 1868.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: Meade received an honorary doctorate in law (LL.D.) from Harvard University, and his scientific achievements were recognized by various institutions, including the American Philosophical Society and the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: Having long suffered from complications caused by his war wounds, Meade died on November 6, 1872 at the age of 56, still on active duty, following a battle with pneumonia. He was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: One-thousand-dollar Treasury Note, also called Coin notes, of the Series 1890 and 1891, feature portraits of Meade on the obverse. The 1890 Series note is called the Grand Watermelon Note by collectors, because the large zeroes on the reverse resemble the pattern on a watermelon.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: In 2015 General Meade was elected posthumously as a companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS). During his life, Meade was invited to join MOLLUS but refused.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: In the film "Gettysburg", an adaptation of Michael Shaara's novel "The Killer Angels", Meade is portrayed by Richard Anderson. Other film, television, music, and video appearances:

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


George Meade

Context: Meade is a character in the alternate history novel "" (2003), written by Newt Gingrich and William Forstchen.

Question: ジョージ・ゴードン・ミードはどこの州で生まれた？


Pollination syndrome

Context: The naturalist Charles Darwin surmised that the flower of the orchid "Angraecum sesquipedale" was pollinated by a then undiscovered moth with a proboscis whose length was unprecedented at the time. His prediction had gone unverified until 21 years after his death, when the moth was discovered and his conjecture vindicated. The story of its postulated pollinator has come to be seen as one of the celebrated predictions of the theory of evolution.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Water-pollinated plants are aquatic and pollen is released into the water. Water currents therefore act as a pollen vector in a similar way to wind currents. Their flowers tend to be small and inconspicuous with many pollen grains and large, feathery stigmas to catch the pollen. However, this is relatively uncommon (only 2% of pollination is hydrophily) and most aquatic plants are insect-pollinated, with flowers that emerge into the air. "Vallisneria" is an example.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Bee-pollinated flowers can be very variable in their size, shape and colouration. They can be open and bowl-shaped ('actinomorphic', radially symmetrical) or more complex and non-radially symmetric ('zygomorphic'), as is the case with many peas and foxgloves.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Some bee flowers tend to be yellow or blue, often with ultraviolet nectar guides and scent. Nectar, pollen, or both are offered as rewards in varying amounts. The sugar in the nectar tends to be sucrose-dominated. A few bees collect oil from special glands on the flower.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Butterfly-pollinated flowers tend to be large and showy, pink or lavender in colour, frequently have a landing area, and are usually scented. Since butterflies do not digest pollen (with one exception), more nectar is offered than pollen. The flowers have simple nectar guides with the nectaries usually hidden in narrow tubes or spurs, reached by the long tongue of the butterflies.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Among the more important moth pollinators are the hawk moths (Sphingidae). Their behaviour is similar to hummingbirds: they hover in front of flowers with rapid wingbeats. Most are nocturnal or crepuscular. So moth-pollinated flowers tend to be white, night-opening, large and showy with tubular corollas and a strong, sweet scent produced in the evening, night or early morning. Much nectar is produced to fuel the high metabolic rates needed to power their flight.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Other moths (Noctuids, Geometrids, Pyralids, for example) fly slowly and settle on the flower. They do not require as much nectar as the fast-flying hawk moths, and the flowers tend to be small (though they may be aggregated in heads).

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Myophilous plants tend not to emit a strong scent, are typically purple, violet, blue, and white, and have open dishes or tubes.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Sapromyophilous plants try to attract flies which normally visit dead animals or dung. Flowers mimic the odor of such objects. The plant provides them with no reward and they leave quickly unless it has traps to slow them down. Such plants are far less common than myophilous ones.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Many non-flying mammals are nocturnal and have an acute sense of smell, so the plants tend not to have bright showy colours, but instead excrete a strong odour. These plants also tend to produce large amounts of pollen because mammals are larger than some other pollinators, and lack the precision smaller pollinators can achieve.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: These honeybees selectively visit flowers from only one species for a period of time, as can be seen by the colour of the pollen in their baskets:

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Pollination syndrome

Context: Pollinators fluctuate in abundance and activity independently of their plants, and any one species may fail to pollinate a plant in a particular year. Thus a plant may be at an advantage if it attracts several species or types of pollinators, ensuring pollen transfer every year. Many species of plants have the back-up option of self-pollination, if they are not self-incompatible.

Question: 送粉シンドロームが発見されたのはいつ


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Niagara-on-the-Lake is a town in Ontario, Canada. It is located on the Niagara Peninsula at the point where the Niagara River meets Lake Ontario, across the river from New York, United States. Niagara-on-the-Lake is in the Niagara Region of Ontario and is the only town in Canada that has a lord mayor. It has a population of 17,511 (2016).

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Today, Niagara-on-the-Lake draws tourists with its colonial-style buildings, the Shaw Festival, Fort George, wineries, an outlet mall on the highway, and its proximity to Niagara Falls. The Niagara Region has the second-highest percentage of seniors in Ontario.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Before the British settlers came, the point where Fort Mississauga is situated was inhabited by at least three Native American tribes: the Neutral (15th century); Seneca (late 17th century); and Mississauga (18th century).

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: In 1859, the town built its first public school, Niagara Public School. The town's present name of Niagara-on-the-Lake was adopted around 1880 as a postal address to distinguish the town from Niagara Falls. The name was officially adopted in 1970, when the Town of Niagara and the Township of Niagara merged.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Niagara-on-the-Lake features historical plaques. Critical battles in the defence of Upper Canada took place here, and at nearby at Queenston and St. David's, both now part of Niagara-on-the-Lake. In one of these, Laura Secord gained her fame. The town gave many African-Americans their first taste of freedom, both as a stop on the Underground Railroad for those travelling further into Upper Canada and as a refuge in its own right.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: The Gate House built after 1849 was site of former Wilson's Hotel and inaugural meeting of the Law Society of Upper Canada in 1797. John "Irish John Wilson (1744-~1798) was a sergeant with the Butler's Rangers and Loyalist from New Jersey. The stone foundation of the Gate House is the remains of the hotel after 1849 fire. His son John Wilson Jr. built the nearby Wilson-Guy House.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Niagara-on-the-Lake is within the federal electoral district of Niagara Falls, currently represented in the House of Commons of Canada by Tony Baldinelli, and the provincial electoral district of provincial electoral district of Niagara Falls, represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by Wayne Gates.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Niagara-on-the-Lake had a junior men's hockey team in the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League. The team was first registered in the 2018–19 season and played in the Meridian Credit Union area located in Virgil. The team was named the nationals and sponsored by the local bar Bricks and Barley. It was announced that the team would fold after their first season, due to poor attendance.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Niagara-on-the-Lake also has a Men's soccer team named the Lakers, who play in the Peninsula Soccer League (PSL). The team was formed in the 2019 season and sponsored by a local bar, Sand Trap.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Niagara-on-the-Lake also has a rich history in the sport of lacrosse. Being Canada’s national sport, it has a lucrative jr. B as well as a great minor league program to follow.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Along the Niagara Parkway is RiverBrink Art Museum in Queenston. It is home to a collection of over 1,400 artworks and artefacts by Canadian and international artists, assembled by Samuel E. Weir. Completed in 1970, the building features Georgian-style architecture, including a mansard roof and gabled windows. It served as Weir's country residence, and was converted into an art museum following his death in 1981.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Niagara-on-the-Lake is home to many shops, restaurants, wineries, and a growing number of breweries. Historic Old Town is a popular shopping and dining destination. In 2014, Niagara-On-The-Lake also opened an open-air outlet mall, The Outlet Collection at Niagara, which is Canada's Largest Outlet Mall (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlet_Collection_at_Niagara).

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Niagara-on-the-Lake had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Niagara-on-the-Lake can be reached by Queen Elizabeth Way, a highway that stretches to Fort Erie to the south, Hamilton to the west and curves around Lake Ontario to Toronto. Public transportation is served by Niagara-on-the-Lake Transit.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: The Town of Niagara was the site of the 8th World Scout Jamboree in 1955. Over 11,000 Scouts from 71 countries attended the Jamboree. It was the first to be held outside Europe and had the theme "Jamboree of New Horizons". Niagara-on-the-Lake was named the Prettiest Town in Canada in 1996 by Communities in Bloom, a nationwide beautification programme. The town is now a popular tourist destination, located at the northern terminus of the Niagara Parkway, a scenic drive and biking/walking path.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: In addition to the primary town site of Niagara-on-the-Lake (the Old Town), the town also includes the settlements of Colemans, Homer, McNab, Mississauga Beach, Queenston, St. Davids, and Virgil.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Glendale is located near the junction of the Queen Elizabeth Way QEW, Highway 405, and Highway 55, and adjacent to the Welland Canal. It is home to the Niagara-on-the-Lake campus of Niagara College, and a large outdoor shopping mall.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: The Old Town also had an elementary school on King Street: Parliament Oak Public School. It was on the site of the signing of the Act Against Slavery of 1793, by the first legislative session of the parliament of Upper Canada. The school was closed on June 25, 2015.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: St. Davids Public School serves Junior Kindergarten to Grade 8 students in the southern part of the municipality.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: St. Michael Catholic elementary school serves Junior Kindergarten to Grade 8 students in the southern part of the municipality.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: Crossroads Elementary School serves Junior Kindergarten to Grade 8 students in the northern part of the municipality.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


Niagara-on-the-Lake

Context: High school students now take a bus to Laura Secord in St. Catharines, or to A.N. Myer in Niagara Falls.

Question: アッパー・カナダにはナイアガラの滝は含まれますか？


HMS Faulknor (H62)

Context: "Faulknor" was assigned to the Home Fleet at Scapa Flow after the completion of her refit, and led the escort for the battleship as she ferried Prime Minister Winston Churchill to meet with U.S President Roosevelt in the Atlantic Conference in mid-December. Both "Faulknor" and "Foresight" suffered weather damage en route, and were forced to break off and seek refuge in the Azores, Portugal, before returning to Scapa Flow on 23 December.

Question: 駆逐艦フォークナーの最大搭乗員数は？


HMS Faulknor (H62)

Context: In December "Faulknor" supported military operations on the west coast of Italy, escorting the landing ships and with No. 9 Commando for a landing north of the Garigliano (Operation Partridge), then carrying out diversionary bombardments. In January 1944 she took part in the landings at Anzio (Operation Shingle), providing naval gunfire support and anti-aircraft defence during the initial landings, then as a patrol and escort ship into March.

Question: 駆逐艦フォークナーの最大搭乗員数は？


HMS Faulknor (H62)

Context: In July "Faulknor" was reduced to the Reserve and de-stored at Plymouth, then sailed to Dartmouth to decommission on the 25th. She was put on the Disposal List in December 1945, and was sold on 21 January 1946 to BISCO for breaking-up by Thos. W. Ward at Milford Haven. After being stripped of equipment at Plymouth in March she was towed to the breaker's yard, arriving on 4 April 1946.

Question: 駆逐艦フォークナーの最大搭乗員数は？


Pumpkin

Context: A pumpkin is a cultivar of winter squash that is round with smooth, slightly ribbed skin, and is most often deep yellow to orange in coloration. The thick shell contains the seeds and pulp. The name is most commonly used for cultivars of "Cucurbita pepo", but some cultivars of "Cucurbita maxima", "C. argyrosperma", and "C. moschata" with similar appearance are also sometimes called "pumpkins".

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: According to the Oxford English Dictionary"," the English word "pumpkin" derives from the Ancient Greek word (romanized ), meaning 'melon'. Under this theory, the term transitioned through the Latin word and the Middle French word to the Early Modern English , which was changed to "pumpkin" by 17th-century English colonists, shortly after encountering pumpkins upon their arrival in what is now the northeastern United States.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: An alternate derivation for "pumpkin" is the Massachusett word , meaning 'grows forth round'. This term would likely have been used by the Wampanoag people (who speak the dialect of Massachusett) when introducing pumpkins to English Pilgrims at Plymouth Colony, located in present-day Massachusetts. The English word "squash" is also derived from a Massachusett word, variously transcribed as , , or, in the closely-related Narragansett language, .

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: The term "pumpkin" has no agreed upon botanical or scientific meaning, and is used interchangeably with "squash" and "winter squash". In North America and the United Kingdom, "pumpkin" traditionally refers to only certain round orange varieties of winter squash, predominantly derived from "Cucurbita pepo", while in New Zealand and Australian English, the term "pumpkin" generally refers to all winter squash.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: Pumpkins, like other squash, originated in northeastern Mexico and southern United States. The oldest evidence is pumpkin fragments found in Mexico that are dated between 7,000 and 5,500 BC. Pumpkin fruits are a type of botanical berry known as a pepo.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: Traditional "C. pepo" pumpkins generally weigh between , though the largest cultivars (of the species "C. maxima") regularly reach weights of over .

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: The color of pumpkins derives from orange carotenoid pigments, including beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha and beta carotene, all of which are provitamin A compounds converted to vitamin A in the body.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: All pumpkins are winter squash, mature fruit of certain species in the genus "Cucurbita". Characteristics commonly used to define "pumpkin" include smooth and slightly ribbed skin, and deep yellow to orange color. Circa 2005, white pumpkins had become increasingly popular in the United States. Other colors, including dark green (as with some oilseed pumpkins), also exist.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: Giant pumpkins are large squash with a pumpkin-like appearance that grow to exceptional size, with the largest exceeding a tonne in mass. Most are varieties of "Cucurbita maxima", and were developed through the efforts of botanical societies and enthusiast farmers.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？