Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar

Context: Sarkar described the universe as a result of macropsychic conation – the entire universe exists within the cosmic mind, which itself is the first expression of consciousness coming under the bondage of its own nature. He described the cosmological flow as being from limitless consciousness to limited consciousness and back to limitless consciousness, attained by meditation.

Question: P.R.サーカーはどこで生まれた？


Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar

Context: "Microvita" is plural for "Microvitum" and literally means "possessing or with micro-life". He believed that microvita are smaller and subtler than physical atoms and subatomic particles, and in the psychic realm contribute to "pure consciousness". Sarkar claimed that they would be recognised by conventional science. Sarkar gave the intuitional theory of Microvita in 1986.

Question: P.R.サーカーはどこで生まれた？


Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar

Context: Sarkar's concept of "karma samnyasa" refers to the principle that a yogi becomes a person with all-round development and a balanced mind, that he called a "sadvipra"; and that this is accomplished by someone who remains fixed on the "supreme" consciousness through transformative personal practices and engaging in the politics of social liberation as a form of service work.

Question: P.R.サーカーはどこで生まれた？


Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar

Context: The philosophy of Sarkar reinterprets the general concept of culture by inserting it into a new universalistic outlook. As described by Antonello Maggipinto:

Question: P.R.サーカーはどこで生まれた？


Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar

Context: In 1982 Sarkar started composing songs. In eight years, until the date of his death, He completed the composition of 5018 songs in multiple languages. His collection of songs is called Prabhat Samgiita ("Songs of the New Dawn").

Question: P.R.サーカーはどこで生まれた？


Black company (Japanese term)

Context: A , also referred to in English as a black corporation or black business, is a Japanese term for an exploitative sweatshop-type employment system.

Question: ブラック企業という単語を名付けたのは誰？


Black company (Japanese term)

Context: While the term "sweatshop" is associated with manufacturing, and the garment trade in particular, in Japan black companies are not necessarily associated with the clothing industry, but more often with office work.

Question: ブラック企業という単語を名付けたのは誰？


Black company (Japanese term)

Context: While specifics may vary from workplace to workplace and company to company, a typical practice at a black company is to hire a large number of young employees and then force them to work large amounts of overtime without overtime pay. Conditions are poor, and workers are subjected to verbal abuse and "power harassment" (bullying) by their superiors.

Question: ブラック企業という単語を名付けたのは誰？


Black company (Japanese term)

Context: In order to make the employees stay, superiors of black companies would often threaten young employees with disrepute if they chose to quit.

Question: ブラック企業という単語を名付けたのは誰？


Black company (Japanese term)

Context: The issue of black companies has attracted attention in Japan. The 2009 drama film "On The Verge At a Black Company" was set in such a workplace, and in 2012 there was a "Black Corporations Award" where people could vote on "the most evil corporation of the year".

Question: ブラック企業という単語を名付けたのは誰？


Black company (Japanese term)

Context: In the manga and anime series "The Laughing Salesman", one of the victims/protagonist worked at Black Corporation and contemplated suicide before meeting the Laughing Salesman. As punishment for mistreating his own employees after becoming the head of his own company, the Laughing Salesman places him in a black company experience booth.

Question: ブラック企業という単語を名付けたのは誰？


Black company (Japanese term)

Context: In the multimedia project "", the character Doppo Kannonzaka is an office worker at a black company. He lists his work as a reason of his depression but continues to work with them because he has no choice.

Question: ブラック企業という単語を名付けたのは誰？


Black company (Japanese term)

Context: The spinoff of manga and anime series "Cells at Work!" called "Cells at Work! Code Black" characterizes the body of an unhealthy, stressed, alcoholic individual as a black company in comparison to that of a healthy human being.

Question: ブラック企業という単語を名付けたのは誰？


Black company (Japanese term)

Context: The manga "Zombie 100: Bucket List of the Dead" also known as "Zom 100: Zombie ni Naru made ni Shitai 100 no Koto" starts with the main character Akira working for a black company for three years leaving him disillusioned with life.

Question: ブラック企業という単語を名付けたのは誰？


Port of Houston

Context: Shipping points grew at multiple locations on Buffalo Bayou including the port of Harrisburg (now part of Houston) and the docks on the Allen Ranch. By the end of the 19th century Buffalo Bayou had become a major shipping channel with traffic beginning to rival Galveston.

Question: 世界で一番大きい港市国家は歴史上どこですか？


Port of Houston

Context: Approximately 215 million tons of cargo moved through the Port in 2005, most of which is petroleum related. The Port has two separate terminals dedicated to the handling of cargo containers: Barbours Cut (at Morgan's Point), and Bayport (in Pasadena, opened in October 2006). The Barbours Cut terminal was, in fact, the port's first terminal specifically designed for these shipments. Additional general cargo terminals include Turning Basin, Jacintoport, Woodhouse, and Care.

Question: 世界で一番大きい港市国家は歴史上どこですか？


Port of Houston

Context: The Port Authority offers a 90-minute free cruise aboard the "M/V Sam Houston", details of which can be found on its website. Since the Houston Ship Channel is closed to recreational traffic, this is the only means by which the general public can view port operations, and thus the tours are highly popular.

Question: 世界で一番大きい港市国家は歴史上どこですか？


Port of Houston

Context: Despite being one of the youngest major ports in the world (the port reached its 100th birthday in 2014) it has already racked up an impressive list of firsts.

Question: 世界で一番大きい港市国家は歴史上どこですか？


Sun and Steel (album)

Context: Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine delivered a negative review of "Sun and Steel", rating it one out of five stars. He said it "was an outright disastrous attempt at reshaping the band's signature sound to '70s hard rock conventions, lacking even the curiosity value of "Scorching Beauty"."

Question: 『太陽と鉄』は何年に発表されましたか？


Sun and Steel (album)

Context: George Starostin's Only Solitaire page gave a positive review of the album, rating it eleven out of fifteen. He said that "This is the best Iron Butterfly album I've heard so far" and that "as I'm not a fan of the 'heavy soul' genre, I have to admit the band worked some mini-wonders on here", singling out "Scorching Beauty" as the best track.

Question: 『太陽と鉄』は何年に発表されましたか？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Freemasonry's long history includes its early development from organised bodies of operative stonemasons to the modern system of speculative lodges organised around regional or national "Grand Lodges".

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: In France, the 1737 lecture of Chevalier Ramsay added the crusaders to the lineage. He maintained that "Crusader Masons" had revived the craft with secrets recovered in the Holy Land, under the patronage of the Knights Hospitaller. At this point, the history of the craft in Continental Freemasonry diverged from that in England.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Anderson's histories of 1723 and 1738, Ramsay's romanticisation, together with the internal allegory of masonic ritual, centred on King Solomon’s Temple and its architect, Hiram Abiff, have provided ample material for further speculation.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The earliest known ritual places the first masonic lodge in the porchway of King Solomon’s Temple. Following Anderson, it has also been possible to trace Freemasonry to Euclid, Pythagoras, Moses, the Essenes, and the Culdees. Preston started his history with the Druids, while Anderson's description of masons as "Noachides", extrapolated by Albert Mackey, put Noah into the equation.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The adjective "free" in this context may also be taken to infer that the mason is not enslaved, indentured or feudally bound. While this is difficult to reconcile with medieval English masons, it apparently became important to Scottish operative lodges.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: In his function as architect, the Master Mason probably made his plans for each successive stage of a build in silverpoint on a prepared parchment or board. These would be realised on the ground by using a larger compass than the one used for drafting. Medieval architects are depicted with much larger compasses and squares where they are shown on a building site. Fine detail was transferred from the drawing board by means of wooden templates supplied to the masons.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The Master Masons who appear in record as presiding over major works, such as York Minster, became wealthy and respected. Visiting Master Masons and Master Carpenters sat at high table of monasteries, dining with the abbot.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Nineteenth-century historians imposed the term "guild" on the "fellowships" of medieval tradesmen as an analogy with the merchant guilds. The masons were late in forming such bodies. The major employer of masons in medieval England was the crown, and the crown frequently employed masons by impressment. In other words, they were forcibly recruited when the need arose.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The Halliwell Manuscript, also called Regius Poem, is the oldest known document of masonic origin. It was published in 1840 by Shakespearean scholar and collector James Halliwell who dated it to 1390. A. F. A. Woodford, the pioneering Masonic scholar and a founder of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, agreed with this dating. More recently, historian Andrew Prescott has dated the text to the second quarter of the fifteenth century.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The poem may be seen as a response to a stream of legislation dating back to the Black Death, and the Statute of Labourers of 1351, in which Edward III attempted to fix wages at pre-plague levels. The earlier date follows the 1389 ordinance of Richard II requiring the guilds and fellowships to lay before him their Charters and Letters Patent, and the second follows the more serious legislation of 1425 banning the annual assemblies of masons.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: In 1356, the preamble to regulations governing the Trade of Masons specifically states that, unlike the other trades, no body existed for the regulation of masonry by masons. Finally, in 1376, four representatives of the "mystery" or trade are elected to the Common Council in London. This also seems to be the first use of the word "freemason" in English. It was immediately struck out, and replaced with the word "mason".

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The poem claims that these assemblies were ordained by King Athelstan and that he also linked the wages of a mason to the cost of living.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Also around 1450 the will of a mason from Beverley gives a tantalising glimpse into the emergence of masonic regalia. An inventory of John Cadeby's possessions mentions several "zonae" (girdles). Two were silver mounted, and one of these had the letters B and I in the middle, indicating Boaz and Jachin, the twin pillars of Solomon's Temple. He also owned a writing table and six English books, making him comfortably well-off and literate.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The following century and a half produced few new manuscripts. The Dowland manuscript, whose original is now lost, and Grand Lodge No 1, for the first time locate Edwin's assembly of Masons at York. The Lansdowne, originally dated to this period, is now thought to date from the 17th century.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: An early continental history quotes a 16th-century source that by 1535, there were two Scottish masonic lodges recorded in France, one in Paris and the other in Lyon.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The lasting effect of the Schaw Statutes arose from the 1599 directive that the lodges should employ a reputable notary as secretary, and that he should record all important transactions. The Scottish lodges began to keep minutes, and therefore the appearance of "accepted" (non-operative) masons is better recorded than in England, where there are no known internal records of lodge proceedings.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The first recorded admission of non-masons was on 3 July 1634 at Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1, in the persons of Sir Anthony Alexander, his elder brother, Lord Alexander, and Sir Alexander Strachan of Thornton. Sir Anthony was the King's Principal Master of Work, and the man who had effectively blocked the second St Clair charter, the lodges of Scotland being his own responsibility. The reasons that his brother and their friend were also admitted are unclear.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: On 20 May 1641 Sir Robert Moray was initiated into Freemasonry by several Freemasons who were members of the Lodge of Edinburgh. Although he was initiated into a Scottish lodge, the event took place south of the border: this is earliest extant record of a man being initiated into speculative Freemasonry on English soil.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: In 1716, four lodges and "some old Brothers" met at the Apple Tree Tavern in Covent Garden and agreed to meet again the next year to form a "Grand Lodge". These were the Goose and Gridiron, the Crown, the Apple Tree, and the Rummer and Grapes. The "old Brothers" were probably from the Cheshire Cheese and at least one other lodge.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: "The Constitutions of the Free-Masons", "For the Use of the Lodges" in London and Westminster, was published in 1723. It was edited by the presbyterian clergyman, James Anderson, to the order of John Theophilus Desaguliers, and approved by a Grand Lodge committee under his control. This work was reprinted in Philadelphia in 1734 by Benjamin Franklin, who was that year elected Grand Master of Masons in Pennsylvania. It was also translated into Dutch (1736), German (1741), and French (1745).

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Even in London, there were many lodges that never affiliated with the new Grand Lodge. These unaffiliated Masons and their Lodges were referred to as "Old Masons," or "St John Masons", and "St John Lodges". Nonetheless, the influence of the new central body spread quickly, and the 1725 minutes mention lodges in ten provincial towns as far north as Salford, with Provincial Grand Lodges in South Wales and Cheshire.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: In the same year, a second Grand Lodge was founded in Ireland, which took several decades to bring all the Irish lodges under its wing. Rival Grand Lodges quickly appeared in Munster and Cork. It was in Ireland that the practice of recognising the regularity of a lodge by the issue of a warrant began, the first known example dating from 1731. The Grand Lodge of Scotland was not formed until 1736.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: However, in 1735, the Master and Wardens of an Irish lodge were refused admission to Grand Lodge because they did not have the written authority of the Grand Master of Ireland. It seems that they hoped to be recognised as a deputation from Lord Kingston, then Grand Master of Ireland, and Past Grand Master of the London Grand Lodge. They were offered, and refused, the English authorisation. This has been interpreted as evidence of a split between the two constitutions.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Although Anderson seems to imply the existence of an Italian Grand Lodge, no such body existed until the creation of the Grand Orient of Italy in 1805. The first lodge was the English Lodge ("La Loggia degli Inglesi") in Florence, founded in 1731, and Freemasonry quickly spread, in spite of a series of Papal bans.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: In 1682, John Skene, Born in Scotland came to New Jersey and is dedicated by the Grand Lodge of New Jersey As the first Freemason resident in America.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Although some masonic writers have attempted to see Royal Arch symbolism in material from the 1720s, the earliest definite reference is to a Royal Arch in a procession in Dublin preceding the master and held aloft by two "Excellent Masons". In 1744 it is mentioned as a degree in Dr Dassigny's "Serious and Impartial Inquiry".

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: After the Civil War, American Freemasonry flourished along with other fraternal organizations during the so-called "Golden Age of Fraternalism" from approximately 1870 to 1920.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: In France, the number of Freemasons grew from 10,000 in 1802, when Napoleon gave it semi-official status, to 20,000 in 1889, 32,000 in 1908, 40,000 in 1926, and about 60,000 in 1936. At an early stage, nearly all the lodges were affiliated with the Radical party. Zeldin argues that in 19th century France:

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Freemasonry appealed first of all to people who liked mystic ritual, esoteric symbolism and fancy uniforms, and to those who like to have somewhere to discuss ideas and meet like-minded friends. Increasingly however it became an organization which politicians used for electoral purposes in which civil servants joined in order to further their chances of promotion, which hotel-keepers found useful as a way of enlarging their clientele and where businessmen could make deals and find jobs for their sons.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Mutual distrust between English and French Freemasons was apparent in the 1850s, when French Masonic refugees were appalled at the relationship between UGLE and the Monarchy, aristocracy, and the Anglican church. The English distrusted the mysticism of French Masonry, and its ideals of Fraternity and Universality.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: The gulf between UGLE and GOdF widened due to the French body's active engagement in politics, on a personal and organisational level. All discussion of politics and religion is expressly banned from English lodges.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: During the First World War, many American lodges relaxed their opposition to the Grand Orient de France to allow servicemen to engage with other masons while in France. Many of these continue to allow their members to associate with continental Freemasons.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: In December 1913, UGLE recognised a new Grand Lodge in France. The basis of this recognition was the series of obligations that the "Independent and Regular National Grand Lodge of France" (later the Grande Loge Nationale Française) imposed on its lodges. These were:

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Between the years 1885 and 1897, Léo Taxil maintained a hoax against both Freemasonry and the Roman Catholic Church, by making increasingly outlandish claims regarding Freemasonry. On 19 April 1897, Taxil called a press conference at which he claimed he would introduce the "author" of his books to the press. He instead announced that his revelations about the Freemasons were fictitious. Nevertheless, the material is still used on some anti-Masonic websites today.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


History of Freemasonry

Context: Many twentieth century totalitarian regimes, both Fascist and Communist, have treated Freemasonry as a potential source of opposition due to its secret nature and international connections (not to mention its promotion of religious and political tolerance through its symbolism). It has been alleged by Masonic scholars that the language used by the totalitarian regimes is similar to that used by some modern critics of Freemasonry.

Question: フリーメイソンはどこで設立された？


Summertime Blues

Context: "Summertime Blues" was recorded on March 28, 1958, at Gold Star Recording Studios in Hollywood, California. Eddie Cochran sang both the vocal and bass vocal (the "work-a-late" portions, Cochran's tribute to the Kingfish character from the "Amos and Andy" television series), played all the guitar parts, and added the hand clapping with possibly Sharon Sheeley. Connie 'Guybo' Smith played the electric bass and Earl Palmer drums.

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: Australian rock 'n' roll singer Johnny Chester cited Cochran as one of his idols and had used the track when rehearsing his first band in 1959. Chester released his cover version on W&G Records in 1962 and was backed on the recording by local instrumental group The Chessmen, with Bert Stacpool on piano, his brother Les Stacpool on guitar, Frank McMahon on bass guitar, and Graeme Trottman on drums. In December it peaked at No. 30 on the Kent Music Report.

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: While not issued on any album at the time, it, along with the B-Side were issued as bonus material on the 1996 remaster of their debut album "We and Our Cadillac"

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: The Who played "Summertime Blues" as a staple of their concerts from their early days up to 1976, with intermittent appearances thereafter. It has not been played since the death of bassist John Entwistle in 2002. It was performed during the 1967 US tour, from which the first known Who recordings of the song were made, including a June 1967 date at the Monterey Pop Festival.

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: The first version to be released by The Who appeared on the 1970 album "Live at Leeds". The single from this album peaked at number 38 in the UK and number 27 in the US. "I'm a big fan of 'Summertime Blues' on that album," remarked Rush bassist Geddy Lee, "which we covered "[see below]" to a large degree because of their version."

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: The Who recorded at least two studio versions of this track in 1967. They went unreleased until 1998 and 2009, when they appeared on the remastered CD of "Odds & Sods" and the deluxe eEdition of "The Who Sell Out" respectively. Other live versions from the Who are featured in the "Monterey Pop Festival" CD box set and the concert and documentary film "Woodstock" (1970), as well as "Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970" and the CD release of "Live at the Royal Albert Hall".

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: "Billboard" magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that The Who gave it a "wild updating" and was "certain to put them right up there at the top."

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: T. Rex recorded the song in 1970, using it as a standalone B-side to their breakthrough "Ride a White Swan" single. Further, "Summertime Blues" was frequently performed at T. Rex concerts from 1970 to 1972. Unlike the acoustic studio version, live performances of the song were always with electric guitars, as was the December 1970 version recorded for BBC Radio 1.

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: Mick Farren, former lead singer of The Deviants recorded the song in December 1969, releasing it on his 1970 solo album "Mona – The Carnivorous Circus"

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: American country music artist Alan Jackson recorded the song for his 1994 album, "Who I Am". It was released in June 1994 as the lead single from the album and the song reached Number One on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and number 4 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 (equivalent to number 104 on the "Billboard" Hot 100). Jackson said that he was inspired by Buck Owens' version.

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: "Summertime Blues" debuted at number 53 on the US "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of June 18, 1994.

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: The song was covered in French by Johnny Hallyday. His version (titled "La Fille de l'été dernier") was released in 1975 and spent one week at no. 1 on the singles sales chart in France (from May 10 to 16, 1975).

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: Canadian rock band Rush released their cover as a single on May 21, 2004. It was later included on their cover EP "Feedback", released on June 29. The song was performed live during the band's 30th anniversary tour later that year, and was included on the "" concert DVD. The fourth line of each verse is omitted.

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: Their version of "Summertime Blues" was also used as an official theme song for WWE's Summerslam PPV event in 2004.

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


Summertime Blues

Context: The Prophets, Levon Helm, Guitar Wolf, The Flying Lizards, Bobby Vee, The Crickets, Buck Owens, James Taylor, Joan Jett and The Blackhearts, Jimmy Buffett, The Ventures, Dick Dale, Robert Gordon with Link Wray, Skid Row, T. Rex, MC5, Alex Chilton and Marty Wilde have also covered the song.

Question: 「サマータイム・ブルース」は映画のサウンドトラックに使われましたか？


FIFA

Context: On 28 September 2015, Sepp Blatter suggested that the 2018 World Cup being awarded to Russia was planned before the voting, and that the 2022 World Cup would have then been awarded to the United States. However, this plan changed after the election ballot, and the 2022 World Cup was awarded to Qatar instead of the U.S.

Question: 自立法人国際サッカー評議会がワールドカップの主催者？


Geltendorf station

Context: Geltendorf municipality also includes Walleshausen station and the disused stations of Kaltenberg and Wabern, all located on the Ammersee Railway.

Question: ドイツ・バイエルン州南部で最大の鉄道駅は何


Geltendorf station

Context: The station building contains some railway premises and an entrance hall that is closed from the street. As well as the station building, there are a “Service Store” and the station toilets in their own buildings.

Question: ドイツ・バイエルン州南部で最大の鉄道駅は何


Geltendorf station

Context: The station is located in the area of the Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund (Munich Transport and Tariff Association, MVV).

Question: ドイツ・バイエルン州南部で最大の鉄道駅は何


Geltendorf station

Context: The station is not served by scheduled long-distance services. Four pairs of EuroCity trains on line 88 (Munich–Zurich) run through Geltendorf without stopping.

Question: ドイツ・バイエルン州南部で最大の鉄道駅は何


Geltendorf station

Context: Geltendorf is also the terminus of the Munich S-Bahn line S4, which runs every 20 or 40 minutes alternatively

Question: ドイツ・バイエルン州南部で最大の鉄道駅は何


Geltendorf station

Context: It is planned to upgrade the Munich–Buchloe-Memmingen-Lindau line and to electrify the Geltendorf-Buchloe-Memmingen-Lindau section. This work was formerly expected to last from 2014 to 2016 and be commissioned in 2017, but this work is likely to be delayed due to a recently identified cost increase. The electrification of the Ammersee Railway between Geltendorf and Weilheim line is planned in the long term.

Question: ドイツ・バイエルン州南部で最大の鉄道駅は何


Gettysburg (1993 film)

Context: Gettysburg is a 1993 American epic war film about the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. Written and directed by Ronald F. Maxwell, the film was adapted from the 1974 historical novel "The Killer Angels" by Michael Shaara. It features an ensemble cast, including Tom Berenger as James Longstreet, Jeff Daniels as Joshua Chamberlain, Martin Sheen as Robert E. Lee, Stephen Lang as George Pickett, and Sam Elliott as John Buford.

Question: ピケットの突撃を題材にした映画はありますか？


Gettysburg (1993 film)

Context: Ted Turner, the owner of the film's production company Turner Pictures, has an uncredited appearance as Colonel Waller T. Patton.

Question: ピケットの突撃を題材にした映画はありますか？


Gettysburg (1993 film)

Context: Ken Burns, who wrote and directed the 1990 documentary "The Civil War", portrays an aide to Hancock. Civil War historian Brian Pohanka makes an uncredited appearance as Brigadier General Alexander S. Webb. The character Sergeant Owen is portrayed by Mark Moses. Matt Letscher, who would later appear in the 2003 prequel "Gods and Generals" as Colonel Adelbert Ames, makes his film debut as a 2nd Maine soldier.

Question: ピケットの突撃を題材にした映画はありますか？


Gettysburg (1993 film)

Context: Duvall decided against starring as Robert E. Lee in order to appear in "Stalin", while Albert Finney and George C. Scott declined the role.

Question: ピケットの突撃を題材にした映画はありますか？


Gettysburg (1993 film)

Context: For the first time, the National Park Service allowed the motion picture industry to recreate and film battle scenes directly on the Gettysburg Battlefield, including scenes of Devil's Den and Little Round Top. However, much of the movie was shot at a nearby Adams County farm. Thousands of Civil War reenactors from across the country volunteered their time to come to Gettysburg to participate in the massive battle scenes.

Question: ピケットの突撃を題材にした映画はありますか？


Gettysburg (1993 film)

Context: During filming of the battle scenes on Little Round Top, Bradley Egen, an extra playing a Union soldier, was unintentionally struck in the head by the butt of a musket and suffered a mild concussion, however Bradley was able to resume light duties the following day.

Question: ピケットの突撃を題材にした映画はありますか？


Gettysburg (1993 film)

Context: Two more soundtracks, "More Songs and Music From Gettysburg" and a "Deluxe Commemorative Edition", were released as well. The first one included popular songs from the time period and a recitation of the Gettysburg Address by Jeff Daniels, while the second featured the original soundtrack album (above) and a second disc several previously unreleased tracks from the score and the aforementioned recitation.

Question: ピケットの突撃を題材にした映画はありますか？


Gettysburg (1993 film)

Context: One of the longest films ever released by a Hollywood studio, "Gettysburg" runs 254 minutes (4 hours, 14 minutes) on VHS and DVD. A "Director's Cut", 271-minute (4 hours, 31 minutes), with several extended or added scenes, was produced and sold as a part of a special "Collector's Edition" released on DVD and Blu-ray in 2011, to coincide with 150th commemoration of beginning of the Civil War in April 1861.

Question: ピケットの突撃を題材にした映画はありますか？


Gettysburg (1993 film)

Context: "Gettysburg" received a 77% positive rating on the film critics aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on 22 reviews. The site's consensus states: ""Gettysburg"s reverent approach to history is balanced with the committed work of a talented cast - and the hard-hitting dramatization of a bloody turning point in the Civil War."

Question: ピケットの突撃を題材にした映画はありますか？


Dragon kiln

Context: According to recent excavations in Shangyu District in the northeast of Zhejiang province and elsewhere, the origins of the dragon kiln may go back as far as the Shang dynasty (c. 1600 to 1046 BCE), and is linked to the introduction of stoneware, fired at 1200°C or more. These kilns were much smaller than later examples, at some 5–12 metres long, and also sloped far less.

Question: 龍窯の発祥はどこ


Dragon kiln

Context: The Nanfeng Kiln in Guangdong province is several centuries old and still functioning. It was a producer of Shiwan ware as well as architectural ceramics, and today also functions as a tourist attraction.

Question: 龍窯の発祥はどこ


Dragon kiln

Context: The large quantities fired were not unique to Asian pottery; the largest kilns making ancient Roman pottery, of a totally different form, could fire up to 40,000 pieces at a time.

Question: 龍窯の発祥はどこ


Wild Hunt

Context: Seeing the Wild Hunt was thought to presage some catastrophe such as war or plague, or at best the death of the one who witnessed it. People encountering the Hunt might also be abducted to the underworld or the fairy kingdom. In some instances, it was also believed that people's spirits could be pulled away during their sleep to join the cavalcade.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: At the very front, rides Guro Rysserova, often called Guro Åsgard, who is "big and horrid, her horse black and called Skokse (...)"

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The names (Norwegian: 'noisy riders', 'The Ride of Asgard'), and or (Swedish: 'the hunt of Odin' or 'wild hunt') are also attested.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In England, it was known as (Old English: 'Herla's assembly'), "Woden's Hunt", "Herod's Hunt", "Cain's Hunt", the "Devil's Dandy Dogs" (in Cornwall), "Gabriel's Hounds" (in northern England), and "" (in North America).

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In the Welsh folklore, was depicted as a wild huntsman riding a demon horse who hunts souls at night along with a pack of white-bodied and red-eared 'dogs of hell'. In Arthurian legends, he is the king of the Underworld who makes sure that the imprisoned devils do not destroy human souls. A comparable Welsh folk myth is known as (Welsh: 'hounds of Annwn').

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In West Slavic Central Europe it is known as or (Czech: 'wild hunt', 'baiting'), or (Polish), Дзiкае Паляванне (Belarusian: 'wild hunt') and (Slovene: 'the wild hunting party' or 'wild hunt'). Other variations of the same folk myth are ('Dead hunt'), ('infernal hunt'), or ('wild hunt') in Italy; (from , Galician: 'the old army'), , and ('troop, company') in Galicia; in Asturias; ('troop of ghosts') in León; and ('war company') or ('deadly retinue') in Extremadura.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In the Netherlands and Flanders (in northern Belgium), the Wild Hunt is known as the Buckriders (Dutch: Bokkenrijders) and was used by gangs of highwaymen for their advantage in the 1700s.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: Discussing martial elements of the Wild Hunt, Grimm commented that "it marches as an army, it portends the outbreak of war." He added that a number of figures that had been recorded as leading the hunt, such as ""Wuotan, Huckelbernd, Berholt," bestriding their "white war-horse", armed and spurred, appear still as "supreme directors of the war" for which they, so to speak, give license to mankind."

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In the influential book "Kultische Geheimbünde der Germanen" (1934), Otto Höfler argued that the German motifs of the 'Wild Hunt' should be interpreted as the spectral troops led by the god Wuotan, which had a ritualistic counterpart in the living bands of ecstatic warriors (Old Norse "berserkir"), allegedly in a cultic union with the dead warriors of the past.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: Sometimes, the tales associate the hunter with a dragon or the devil. The lone hunter ("der Wilde Jäger") is most often riding a horse, seldom a horse-drawn carriage, and usually has several hounds in his company. If the prey is mentioned, it is most often a young woman, either guilty or innocent. Gottfried August Bürger's ballad "Der wilde Jäger" describes the fate of a nobleman who dares to hunt on the Sabbath and finds both a curse and a pack of demons deep in the woods.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In western Sweden and sometimes in the east as well, it has been said that Odin was a nobleman or even a king who had hunted on Sundays and therefore was doomed to hunt down and kill supernatural beings until the end of time. According to certain accounts, Odin does not ride, but travels in a wheeled vehicle, specifically a one-wheeled cart.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In parts of Småland, it appears that people believed that Odin hunted with large birds when the dogs got tired. When it was needed, he could transform a bevy of sparrows into an armed host.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: If houses were built on former roads, they could be burnt down, because Odin did not change his plans if he had formerly travelled on a road there. Not even charcoal kilns could be built on disused roads, because if Odin was hunting the kiln would be ablaze.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In the Peterborough Chronicle, there is an account of the Wild Hunt's appearance at night, beginning with the appointment of a disastrous abbot for the monastery, Henry d'Angely, in 1127:

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: Reliable witnesses were said to have given the number of huntsmen as twenty or thirty, and it is said, in effect, that this went on for nine weeks, ending at Easter. Orderic Vitalis (1075–c. 1142), an English monk cloistered at St Evroul-en-Ouche, in Normandy, reported a similar cavalcade seen in January 1091, which he said were "Herlechin's troop" ("familia Herlechini"; cf. Harlequin).

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The myth of the Wild Hunt has through the ages been modified to accommodate other gods and folk heroes, among them King Arthur and, more recently, in a Dartmoor folk legend, Sir Francis Drake. At Cadbury Castle in Somerset, an old lane near the castle was called King Arthur's Lane and even in the 19th century, the idea survived that on wild winter nights the king and his hounds could be heard rushing along with it.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In certain parts of Britain, the hunt is said to be that of hell-hounds chasing sinners or the unbaptized. In Devon these are known as Yeth (Heath) or Wisht Hounds, in Cornwall Dando and his Dogs or the Devil and his Dandy Dogs, in Wales the Cwn Annwn, the Hounds of Hell, and in Somerset as Gabriel Ratchets or Retchets (dogs). In Devon the hunt is particularly associated with Wistman's Wood.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: According to scholar Susan Greenwood, the Wild Hunt "primarily concerns an initiation into the wild, untamed forces of nature in its dark and chthonic aspects."

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The role of Wotan's Wild Hunt during the Yuletide period has been theorized to have influenced the development of the Dutch Christmas figure Sinterklaas, and by extension his American counterpart Santa Claus, in a variety of facets. These include his long white beard and his gray horse for nightly rides.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The Wild Hunt is the subject of Transcendental Étude No. 8 in C minor, "Wilde Jagd" (Wild Hunt) by Franz Liszt, and appears in Karl Maria von Weber's 1821 opera "Der Freischütz" and in Arnold Schönberg's oratorio "Gurre-Lieder" of 1911. César Franck's orchestral tone poem "Le Chasseur maudit" ("The Accursed Huntsman") is based on Gottfried August Bürger's ballad "Der wilde Jäger".

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In act 1 of Richard Wagner's 1870 opera "Die Walküre", Siegmund relates that he has been pursued by “Das wütende Heer”, which is an indication to the audience that it is Wotan himself who has called up the storm which has driven him (Siegmund) to Hunding's dwelling.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The Wild Hunt also appears in Marvel Comics, primarily the "Thor" series, and is led by Malekith the Accursed, the Dark Elf King of Svartalfheim and one of Thor's archenemies.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The subject of Stan Jones' American country song "" of 1948, which tells of cowboys chasing the Devil's cattle through the night sky, resembles the European myth. Swedish folk musician The Tallest Man on Earth released an album in 2010 entitled "The Wild Hunt", and in 2013 the black metal band Watain, also Swedish, released an album with the same title.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In Mike Mignola's comic book series Hellboy, two versions of the Wild Hunt myth are present. In ', the hero receives an invitation from British noblemen to partake in a giant hunting called "The Wild Hunt", after the legend of "Herne, god of the Hunt". In ', Hellboy encounters "King Vold, the flying huntsman" whose figure is based on the Norwegian folktale of "The Flying Huntsman (headless King Volmer and his hounds)" according to Mignola.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The MTV series "Teen Wolf" features the Wild Hunt as the main villains of the first half of season 6. It takes the legend a bit further, claiming that the Wild Hunt erases people from existence, and those taken by the Wild Hunt become members after they are erased and forgotten.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: Αustralian writer Tim Winton's "The Riders", shortlisted for the Booker Prize, mentions a vision of the Wild Hunt that becomes the basis for the main character's own 'wild hunt' of the story.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In the original Advanced "Dungeons & Dragons" (1st Edition) expansion "Deities and Demigods" the Wild Hunt is represented under the Celtic Mythos sections as the Master of the Hunt and the Pack of the Wild Hunt. Players risk a chance of becoming the hunted, or may be compelled to join the Hunt and track down the source of the evil that summoned it, or if that evil isn't found, participate in the slaughter of an innocent person or large game animal, potentially against their alignment and will.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The Wild Hunt features in "The Witcher" series of fantasy novels by Andrzej Sapkowski and CD Projekt Red's 2015 role-playing video game ', based on the books, after being referenced heavily during the events and flashbacks of "The Witcher" and '.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In "The Elder Scrolls" series of role-playing video games, the Wild Hunt is a ritual performed by the Bosmer (wood elves) for war, vengeance, or other times of desperation. The elves are transformed into a horde of horrific creatures that kill all in their path. The Daedric Lord Hircine is also inspired by the Wild Hunt, especially in "".

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In "The Hobbit", while traveling through Mirkwood, the dwarves and Bilbo encounter a deer running through the forest, which knocks Bombur into the enchanted river. After they pull him out, they hear far off the sound of a "great hunt" and the baying of dogs going past them.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: In The Wheel of Time series, there are stories to frighten children saying that Darkhounds run the night in the "Wild Hunt", with the Dark One himself the hunter.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The Wild Hunt features heavily in Netflix's "Little Witch Academia" episode "Sky War Stanship", in which the main protagonist Akko Kagari and Constanze Amalie Von Braunschbank Albrechtsberger partake in the hunt itself.

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


Wild Hunt

Context: The "Åsgårdsreien", Peter Nicolai Arbo's 1872 oil painting, depicts the Scandinavian version of the Wild Hunt, with Odin leading the hunting party. This painting is featured on the cover of Bathory's 1988 album, "Blood Fire Death".

Question: ワイルドハントの起源はいつ


President of Poland

Context: The president of Poland (), officially the president of the Republic of Poland (), is the head of state of Poland. Their rights and obligations are determined in the Constitution of Poland. The president heads the executive branch. In addition, the president has a right to dissolve parliament in certain cases, can veto legislation and represents Poland in the international arena.

Question: ポーランドの初代大統領は誰？


President of Poland

Context: Following the 1989 amendments to the constitution which restored the presidency, Wojciech Jaruzelski, the existing head of state, took office. In Poland's first direct presidential election, Lech Wałęsa won and was sworn in on 22 December 1990. The office of the president was preserved in the Constitution of Poland passed in 1997; the constitution now provides the requirements for, the duties of and the authority of the office.

Question: ポーランドの初代大統領は誰？


President of Poland

Context: The president of Poland is elected directly by the people to serve for five years and can be reelected only once. Pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution, the president is elected by an absolute majority. If no candidate succeeds in passing this threshold, a second round of voting is held with the participation of the two candidates with the largest and second largest number of votes respectively.

Question: ポーランドの初代大統領は誰？


President of Poland

Context: In order to be registered as a candidate in the presidential election, one must be a Polish citizen, be at least 35 years old on the day of the first round of the election and collect at least 100,000 signatures of registered voters.

Question: ポーランドの初代大統領は誰？


President of Poland

Context: The president has a free choice in selecting the prime minister, yet in practice they usually give the task of forming a new government to a politician supported by the political party with the majority of seats in the Sejm (usually, though not always, it is the leader of that political party).

Question: ポーランドの初代大統領は誰？


President of Poland

Context: The president is also the supreme commander of the Armed Forces; they appoint the chief of the general staff and the commanders of all of the service branches; in wartime they nominate the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and can order a general mobilization. The president performs their duties with the help of the following offices: the Chancellery of the President, the Office of National Security, and the Body of Advisors to the President.

Question: ポーランドの初代大統領は誰？


President of Poland

Context: Several properties are owned by the Office of the President and are used by the head of state as their official residence, private residence, residence for visiting foreign officials etc.

Question: ポーランドの初代大統領は誰？


President of Poland

Context: The constitution states that the president is an elected office, there is no directly elected presidential line of succession. If the president is unable to execute their powers and duties, the marshal of the Sejm will have the powers of a president for a maximum of 60 days until elections are called.

Question: ポーランドの初代大統領は誰？


President of Poland

Context: Within Poland, former presidents are entitled to lifetime personal security protection by State Protection Service officers, in addition to receiving a substantial pension and a private office. On 10 April 2010, Lech Kaczyński, president at the time, and Ryszard Kaczorowski, the last president-in-exile although not internationally recognized, died in the crash of the Polish Air Force Tu-154 en route to Russia.

Question: ポーランドの初代大統領は誰？


Robert Morris (financier)

Context: Frustrated by his defeat in the tariff battle and the failure of states to provide adequate funding, Morris thought he was being forced to run up debts that the states were unwilling to pay. Writing that he would not be the "Minister of Injustice", he submitted his resignation in early 1783, but Hamilton and other Nationalists convinced him to stay in office.

Question: ロバート・モリスは商人として何の事業をしていた


Robert Morris (financier)

Context: As of January 1, 1783, the public debt was $42 million of which 18.77 percent was foreign debt and 81.23 percent was owned at home.<br>In a report to the President of Congress Morris wrote:

Question: ロバート・モリスは商人として何の事業をしていた


Robert Morris (financier)

Context: Morris refocused on his trading concerns after leaving office as Superintendent of Finance, seeking especially to expand his role in the tobacco trade. He began suffering from financial problems in the late 1780s after a business partner mistakenly refused to honor bills issued by Morris, causing him to default on a loan.

Question: ロバート・モリスは商人として何の事業をしていた


Robert Morris (financier)

Context: In 1784 Morris was part of a syndicate that backed the sailing of the Empress of China (1783) for the China trade. As part of the effort to repay France for loans that financed the war, Morris contracted to supply 20,000 hogsheads of tobacco annually to France beginning in 1785. Shortly after these contracts were signed, Ambassador Thomas Jefferson took it upon himself to interfere with these arrangements and that brought about the collapse of the tobacco market.

Question: ロバート・モリスは商人として何の事業をしていた


Robert Morris (financier)

Context: Ironically one of the few assets Morris had left to him was his father's old worn out gold watch which he had inherited at the start of his career; Morris managed to leave this timepiece in his Will to his son Robert Jr. Morris died on May 8, 1806, in Philadelphia. No public ceremonies marked his death. He was buried in the churchyard of Christ Church.

Question: ロバート・モリスは商人として何の事業をしていた


Robert Morris (financier)

Context: Summerseat, Morris's former estate in Morrisville, is listed as a National Historic Landmark. Lemon Hill, a Federal-style estate listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located on a parcel of land formerly owned by Morris. Part of the Liberty Bell Center is on land that was formerly part of the estate known as the President's House. Robert Morris holds the curious distinction as the only Founding Father whose house is a national memorial, but his life is not interpreted at the site.

Question: ロバート・モリスは商人として何の事業をしていた


Robert Morris (financier)

Context: Morris is included in the Washington, D.C., Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence.

Question: ロバート・モリスは商人として何の事業をしていた


Women's education in the United States

Context: According to Ellen DuBois and Lynn Dumenil, they estimate that the number of bachelor and doctorate degrees from 1950–1980 for women are:

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: The statistics for enrollment of women in higher education in the 1930s varies depending upon the type of census performed in that year.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: According to the U.S. Office of Education, the total number of enrollment for women in higher education the U.S. in 1930 was 480,802. This information was gathered by the U.S. Office of Education on a biannual basis, and reflects an estimate for the academic year (Fall 1929 - Spring 1930).

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: The U.S. Department of Commerce and Bureau of the Census performed a preliminary estimate for the same year (1930) of women in higher education in the U.S. The total number was 481,000 enrolled. This estimate was based on a calendar year census, in contrast to the academic year estimate performed by the U.S. Office of Education in the same year.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Historians point out that reading and writing were different skills in the colonial era. School taught both, but in places without schools reading was mainly taught to boys and also a few privileged girls. Men handled worldly affairs and needed to read and write. Girls only needed to read (especially religious materials). This educational disparity between reading and writing explains why the colonial women often could read, but could not write and could not sign their names—they used an "X".

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Across the South, there was very little public schooling. Most parents either home schooled their children using peripatetic tutors or sent them to small local private schools. A study of women's signatures in Georgia indicates a high degree of literacy in areas with schools. In South Carolina, scores of school projects were advertised in the "South Carolina Gazette" beginning in 1732.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Structurally, men undoubtedly held a much greater position of power and control than women, as proves true historically. As a result of this imbalance, an inferior perspective to which women became viewed under carried over into intellectual opportunities. Overall, their abilities were not considered level with those of their male counterparts, so no pressing need to further develop their intellect was acknowledged.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: These public attitudes that did not recognize a need for women's education would need to change for its future improvement. The number of advocates for women's improved access to educational institutions grew gradually, and major points of success from their efforts were infrequent. New England's town school in Farmington, Connecticut saw a push for the school to include young girls as well as boys by a minority of people in 1687, a battle which would then extend into the next few centuries.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Coinciding with the beginnings of the first wave of feminism in the 20th century came the attempt by women to gain equal rights to education in the United States. After long battles against gender oppression women finally obtained the right to be educated through several government acts/conventions, the opening of facilities willing to educate them, and the opportunity to continue into higher education.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: The 1930s also saw tremendous changes in women's education at the college level. In 1900, there were 85,338 female college students in the United States and 5,237 earned their bachelor's degrees; by 1940, there were 600,953 female college students and 77,000 earned bachelor's degrees. This increase was partially explained by the “contemporary discourse that reinforced the need for higher education for women in their positions as wives, mothers, citizens, and professionals.”

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: The basic assumption in the 1930s was that women should marry. There was also the perception that college educated women were less likely to marry, either because they “waited too long” or because the college experience which broadened their minds deluded them into believing “marriage should be between equals.” Others argued college made women better wives and mothers because it “imparted practical skills.”

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: The 1930s also marked the 10th anniversary of Women's suffrage in the United States. Despite earning the right to vote, women were still largely refused any role in positions of political power that allow them to make political change for their gender. Despite growing numbers of women graduates, many were denied positions that they were qualified for in favor of men. This struggle sparked new examples of political activism and increased support for an Equal Rights Amendment.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Teaching and nursing were the top two fields for women throughout the 1930s, but home economics also experienced a great surge in popularity during the Depression. Home economics brought a scientific language to the traditional women's sphere of the home and raised “homemaking to the status of a respectable--though definitely female--occupation.” Social work, child development, and nursery school educational programs were also popular.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: In addition to this strong vocational orientation in American education during the opening decades of the twentieth century, women began to make slow inroads into traditionally male dominated areas of education such as business, science, medicine, architecture, engineering, and law. Women were also able to gain positions of responsibility within the federal government because of the watershed events of the New Deal.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Prior to the American Civil War few colleges admitted women. Founded in 1772 as a primary school, Salem College is the oldest female educational establishment. However, it did not award college degrees until 1890.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Some were founded as co-educational institutions; Oberlin Collegiate Institute, after 1850 Oberlin College, founded in 1833, was the first college to accept both women and African Americans as students.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Other early coeducational schools included Hillsdale College, founded as Michigan Central College in Spring Arbor, Michigan in 1844, the short-lived New-York Central College in McGraw, New York (1849–1860), and Antioch College, founded by noted educator Horace Mann in 1852 in Yellow Springs, Ohio. Hollins University, founded as the co-educational Valley Union Seminary in Roanoke, Virginia, in 1842; it became all female in 1852;

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: With the start of the war many males were in uniform so more opportunities arose for women to fill the empty space in schools and the universities became more willing to admit the women. Slowly more educational institutions opened their doors to women; today, there are 60 women's colleges in the United States offering educational programs that parallel co-educational universities both in subject matter and in quality.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: In 1848 the Seneca Falls Convention was held in New York to gain support for education and suffrage but it had little immediate impact. This convention is significant because it created a foundation for efforts toward equal education for women, even though it was not actually achieved until much later.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: The Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862 founded universities to educate both men and women in practical fields of study, though women's courses were still centered around home economics. By 1870 30% of colleges were co-educational, later in the 1930s women-only colleges were established that expanded opportunities for courses of study to include more intellectual development as opposed to domestic instruction.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1727: Founded in 1727 by the Sisters of the Order of Saint Ursula, Ursuline Academy, New Orleans, enjoys the distinction of being both the oldest continuously operating school for girls and the oldest Catholic school in the United States.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1742: Moravians in Pennsylvania established the first all-girls boarding school in America, the Bethlehem Female Seminary to serve the Moravian community in and near Bethlehem. In 1863 it became a college. In 1913 it became Moravian Seminary and College for Women. Historians accept Moravian as the oldest—though not continuously operational because of its current co-ed status—specifically female institute of higher learning in the United States.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1772: Salem Academy and College began as a school for young girls in 1772 in the Moravian town of Salem, North Carolina which had been established just six years earlier by Moravian missionaries. It is the oldest educational institution for both girls and women in the United States.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1783: Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, appointed the first women instructors at any American college. Elizabeth Callister Peale and Sarah Callister taught painting and drawing.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1803: Bradford Academy in Bradford, Massachusetts was the first higher educational institution to admit women in Massachusetts. It was founded as a co-educational institution, but became exclusively for women in 1837.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1831: As a private institution in 1831, Mississippi College became the first coeducational college in the United States to grant a degree to a woman. In December 1831 it granted degrees to two women, Alice Robinson and Catherine Hall.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Ingham University was the alma mater of Sarah Frances Whiting, who later founded the physics department and establish the astronomical observatory at Wellesley College.[3]

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1837: Bradford Academy in Bradford, Massachusetts, due to declining enrollment, became a single-sexed institution for the education of women exclusively.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1837: Mount Holyoke College, first called Mount Holyoke Seminary, was founded by Mary Lyon in South Hadley, Massachusetts.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1849: Elizabeth Blackwell, born in England, became the first woman to earn a medical degree from an American college, Geneva Medical College in New York.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1851: The Adelphean Society, now called Alpha Delta Pi Women's Fraternity, was founded at Wesleyan Female College in Macon, Georgia and became the first secret society for women.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1855: The University of Iowa becomes the first coeducational public or state university in the United States.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1858: Mary Fellows became the first woman west of the Mississippi River to receive a baccalaureate degree (from Cornell College).

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1862: Mary Jane Patterson became the first African-American woman to earn a BA in 1862. She earned her degree from Oberlin College.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1863: Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi graduated from the New York College of Pharmacy in 1863, which made her the first woman to graduate from a United States school of pharmacy.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1864: Rebecca Crumpler became the first African-American woman to graduate from a U.S. college with a medical degree and the first and only African-American woman to obtain the Doctress of Medicine degree from New England Female Medical College in Boston, MA.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1866: Lucy Hobbs Taylor became the first American woman to earn a dental degree, which she earned from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1866: Sarah Jane Woodson Early became the first African-American woman to serve as a professor. Xenia, Ohio's Wilberforce University hired her to teach Latin and English in 1866.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1869: Fanny Jackson Coppin was named principal of the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia, becoming the first African-American woman to head an institution for higher learning in the United States.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1870: Ada Kepley became the first American woman to earn a law degree, from Northwestern School of Law.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1870: Ellen Swallow Richards became the first American woman to earn a degree in chemistry, which she earned from Vassar College in 1870.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1871: Frances Elizabeth Willard became the first female college president in the United States, as president of Evanston College for Ladies in Illinois.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1871: Harriette Cooke became the first woman college professor in the United States appointed full professor with a salary equal to her male peers.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1877: Helen Magill White became the first American woman to earn a Ph.D., which she earned at Boston University in the subject of Greek.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1878: Mary L. Page became the first American woman to earn a degree in architecture, which she earned from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1879: Mary Eliza Mahoney became the first African-American in the U.S. to earn a diploma in nursing, which she earned from the School of Nursing, New England Hospital for Woman and Children in Boston.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1883: Susan Hayhurst became the first woman to receive a pharmacy degree in the United States, which she received from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1886: Winifred Edgerton Merrill became the first American woman to earn a PhD in mathematics, which she earned from Columbia University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1889: Maria Louise Baldwin became the first African-American female principal in Massachusetts and the Northeast, supervising white faculty and a predominantly white student body at the Agassiz Grammar School in Cambridge.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1889: Susan La Flesche Picotte became the first Native American woman to earn a medical degree, which she earned from Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1890: Ida Gray became the first African-American woman to earn a Doctor of Dental Surgery degree, which she earned from the University of Michigan.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1892: Laura Eisenhuth became the first woman elected to state office as Superintendent of Public Instruction.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1894: Margaret Floy Washburn became the first woman to be officially awarded the PhD degree in psychology, which she earned at Cornell University under E. B. Titchener.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: Late 1800s, exact date unknown: Anandibai Joshi from India, Keiko Okami from Japan, and Sabat Islambouli from Syria became the first women from their respective countries (and in Joshi's case the first Hindu woman) to get a degree in western medicine, which they each got from the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania (WMCP), where they were all students in 1885.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1900: Otelia Cromwell became the first African-American woman to graduate from Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1903: Mignon Nicholson became the first woman in North America to earn a veterinary degree, which she earned from McKillip Veterinary College in Chicago, Illinois.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1904: Helen Keller graduated from Radcliffe, becoming the first deafblind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1905: Nora Stanton Blatch Barney, born in England, became the first woman to earn a degree in any type of engineering in the United States, which she earned from Cornell University. It was a degree in civil engineering.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1908: Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, the first African-American Greek letter organization for woman, was founded at Howard University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1915: Lillian Gilbreth earned a PhD in industrial psychology from Brown University, which was the first degree ever granted in industrial psychology. Her dissertation was titled "Some Aspects of Eliminating Waste in Teaching".

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1917: Sigma Delta Tau sorority, a Jewish women's Greek letter organization was founded at Cornell University in response to antisemitism.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1921: Sadie Tanner Mossell became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in the U.S. when she earned a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1922: Sigma Gamma Rho sorority was founded. It was the fourth African-American Greek letter organization for women, and the first African-American sorority established on a predominantly white campus, Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1922: Lorna Myrtle Hodgkinson became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, which she earned in education.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1923: Virginia Proctor Powell Florence became the first African-American woman to earn a degree in library science. She earned the degree in 1923 from the Carnegie Library School, which later became part of the University of Pittsburgh.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1926: Dr. May Edward Chinn became the first African-American woman to graduate from the University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1929: Jenny Rosenthal Bramley, born in Moscow, became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in physics in the United States, which she earned from New York University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1932: Dorothy B. Porter became the first African-American woman to earn an advanced degree in library science (MLS) from Columbia University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1933: Inez Beverly Prosser became the first African-American woman to earn a PhD in psychology, which she earned from the University of Cincinnati.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1934: Ruth Winifred Howard became the second African-American woman in the United States to receive a Ph.D. in psychology, which she earned from the University of Minnesota.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1935: Jesse Jarue Mark became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in botany, which she earned at Iowa State University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1936: Flemmie Kittrell became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in nutrition, which she earned at Cornell University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1937: Anna Johnson Julian became the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Pennsylvania.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1940: Roger Arliner Young became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in zoology, which she earned from the University of Pennsylvania. Marion Thompson Wright became the first African-American woman in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in History, which she earned at Columbia University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1941: Ruth Lloyd became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in anatomy, which she earned from Western Reserve University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1941: Merze Tate became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in government and international relations from Harvard University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1942: Margurite Thomas became the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in geology, which she earned from Catholic University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1943: Euphemia Haynes became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Mathematics, which she earned from Catholic University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1947: Marie Maynard Daly became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry, which she earned from Columbia University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1949: Joanne Simpson (formerly Joanne Malkus, born Joanne Gerould) was the first woman in the United States to receive a Ph.D. in meteorology, which she received in 1949 from the University of Chicago.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1951: Maryly Van Leer Peck, became Vanderbilt University's first chemical engineer graduate. Peck also became the first woman to receive an M.S. and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Florida.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1952: Georgia Tech's president Blake R. Van Leer admitted the first women to the school and his wife Ella Wall Van Leer setup support groups for future female engineers.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1962: Martha Bernal, who was born in Texas, became the first Latina to earn a PhD in psychology, which she earned in clinical psychology from Indiana University Bloomington.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1963: Grace Alele-Williams became the first Nigerian woman to earn any doctorate when she earned her Ph.D. in Mathematics Education from the University of Chicago.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1965: Sister Mary Kenneth Keller (1914? – 1985) became the first American woman to earn a PhD in Computer Science, which she earned at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Her thesis was titled "Inductive Inference on Computer Generated Patterns."

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1972: Title IX was passed, making discrimination against any person based on their sex in any federally funded educational program(s) in America illegal.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1972: Willie Hobbs Moore became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Physics, which she earned from the University of Michigan.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1975: In 1975, Lorene Rogers became the first woman named president of a major research university, The University of Texas.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1975: On July 1, 1975, Jeanne Sinkford became the first female dean of a dental school when she was appointed the dean of Howard University, School of Dentistry.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1976: U.S. service academies (US Military Academy, US Naval Academy, US Air Force Academy and the US Coast Guard Academy) first admitted women in 1976.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1977: The American Association of Dental Schools (founded in 1923 and renamed the American Dental Education Association in 2000) had Nancy Goorey as its first female president in 1977.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1977–1978: For the first time, more associate degrees are conferred on women than men in the United States. More associate degrees have been conferred on women every year since.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1979: Christine Economides became the first American woman to earn a PhD in petroleum engineering, which she earned from Stanford University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1979: Jenny Patrick became the first African-American woman in the United States to earn a Ph.D. in chemical engineering, which she earned from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1981–1982: For the first time, more bachelor's degrees are conferred on women than men in the United States. More bachelor's degrees have been conferred on women every year since.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1982: "Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan", 458 U.S. 718 (1982) was a case decided 5–4 by the Supreme Court of the United States. The court held that the single-sex admissions policy of the Mississippi University for Women violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1982: Judith Hauptman earned her PhD in Talmudic studies from the Jewish Theological Seminary of New York, thus making her the first woman to earn a PhD in Talmud.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1983: Christine Darden became the first African-American woman in the U.S. to earn a Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering, which she earned from George Washington University.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1986–1987: For the first time, more master's degrees are conferred on women than men in the United States. More master's degrees have been conferred on women every year since.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1988: The Civil Rights Restoration Act was passed in 1988 which extended Title IX coverage to all programs of any educational institution that receives any federal assistance, both direct and indirect.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1994: Judith Rodin became the first permanent female president of an Ivy League University (specifically, the University of Pennsylvania.)

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1994: In 1994, the Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act, sponsored by congresswoman Cardiss Collins, required federally assisted higher education institutions to disclose information on roster sizes for men's and women's teams, as well as budgets for recruiting, scholarships, coaches' salaries, and other expenses, annually.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 1996: "United States v. Virginia", , was a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the Virginia Military Institute (VMI)'s long-standing male-only admission policy in a 7–1 decision. (Justice Clarence Thomas, whose son was enrolled at VMI at the time, recused himself.)

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 2001: Ruth Simmons became the eighteenth president of Brown University, which made her the first African-American woman to lead an Ivy League institution.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Women's education in the United States

Context: 2006: On November 24, 2006, the Title IX regulations were amended to provide greater flexibility in the operation of single-sex classes or extracurricular activities at the primary or secondary school level.

Question: 黒人初の女子大学生は誰？


Lead

Context: Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is silvery with a hint of blue; it tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Since lead is easily extracted from its ores, prehistoric people in the Near East were aware of it. Galena is a principal ore of lead which often bears silver. Interest in silver helped initiate widespread extraction and use of lead in ancient Rome. Lead production declined after the fall of Rome and did not reach comparable levels until the Industrial Revolution. Lead played

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: A lead atom has 82 electrons, arranged in an electron configuration of [Xe]4f145d106s26p2. The sum of lead's first and second ionization energies—the total energy required to remove the two 6p electrons—is close to that of tin, lead's upper neighbor in the carbon group. This is unusual; ionization energies generally fall going down a group, as an element's outer electrons become more distant from the nucleus, and more shielded by smaller orbitals.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Pure lead has a bright, silvery appearance with a hint of blue. It tarnishes on contact with moist air and takes on a dull appearance, the hue of which depends on the prevailing conditions. Characteristic properties of lead include high density, malleability, ductility, and high resistance to corrosion due to passivation.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead's close-packed face-centered cubic structure and high atomic weight result in a density of 11.34 g/cm3, which is greater than that of common metals such as iron (7.87 g/cm3), copper (8.93 g/cm3), and zinc (7.14 g/cm3). This density is the origin of the idiom "to go over like a lead balloon". Some rarer metals are denser: tungsten and gold are both at 19.3 g/cm3, and osmium—the densest metal known—has a density of 22.59 g/cm3, almost twice that of lead.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Natural lead consists of four stable isotopes with mass numbers of 204, 206, 207, and 208, and traces of five short-lived radioisotopes. The high number of isotopes is consistent with lead's atomic number being even. Lead has a magic number of protons (82), for which the nuclear shell model accurately predicts an especially stable nucleus. Lead-208 has 126 neutrons, another magic number, which may explain why lead-208 is extraordinarily stable.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: In total, 43 lead isotopes have been synthesized, with mass numbers 178–220. Lead-205 is the most stable radioisotope, with a half-life of around 1.73 years. The second-most stable is lead-202, which has a half-life of about 52,500 years, longer than any of the natural trace radioisotopes.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Bulk lead exposed to moist air forms a protective layer of varying composition. Lead(II) carbonate is a common constituent; the sulfate or chloride may also be present in urban or maritime settings. This layer makes bulk lead effectively chemically inert in the air. Finely powdered lead, as with many metals, is pyrophoric, and burns with a bluish-white flame.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Fluorine reacts with lead at room temperature, forming lead(II) fluoride. The reaction with chlorine is similar but requires heating, as the resulting chloride layer diminishes the reactivity of the elements. Molten lead reacts with the chalcogens to give lead(II) chalcogenides.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead metal resists sulfuric and phosphoric acid but not hydrochloric or nitric acid; the outcome depends on insolubility and subsequent passivation of the product salt. Organic acids, such as acetic acid, dissolve lead in the presence of oxygen. Concentrated alkalis will dissolve lead and form plumbites.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: There is a relatively large difference in the electronegativity of lead(II) at 1.87 and lead(IV) at 2.33. This difference marks the reversal in the trend of increasing stability of the +4 oxidation state going down the carbon group; tin, by comparison, has values of 1.80 in the +2 oxidation state and 1.96 in the +4 state.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead monoxide exists in two polymorphs, litharge α-PbO (red) and massicot β-PbO (yellow), the latter being stable only above around 488 °C. Litharge is the most commonly used inorganic compound of lead. There is no lead(II) hydroxide; increasing the pH of solutions of lead(II) salts leads to hydrolysis and condensation.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead commonly reacts with heavier chalcogens. Lead sulfide is a semiconductor, a photoconductor, and an extremely sensitive infrared radiation detector. The other two chalcogenides, lead selenide and lead telluride, are likewise photoconducting. They are unusual in that their color becomes lighter going down the group.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead(II) sulfate is insoluble in water, like the sulfates of other heavy divalent cations. Lead(II) nitrate and lead(II) acetate are very soluble, and this is exploited in the synthesis of other lead compounds.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Some lead compounds exist in formal oxidation states other than +4 or +2. Lead(III) may be obtained, as an intermediate between lead(II) and lead(IV), in larger organolead complexes; this oxidation state is not stable, as both the lead(III) ion and the larger complexes containing it are radicals. The same applies for lead(I), which can be found in such radical species.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Numerous mixed lead(II,IV) oxides are known. When PbO2 is heated in air, it becomes Pb12O19 at 293 °C, Pb12O17 at 351 °C, Pb3O4 at 374 °C, and finally PbO at 605 °C. A further sesquioxide, Pb2O3, can be obtained at high pressure, along with several non-stoichiometric phases. Many of them show defective fluorite structures in which some oxygen atoms are replaced by vacancies: PbO can be considered as having such a structure, with every alternate layer of oxygen atoms absent.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Primordial lead—which comprises the isotopes lead-204, lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208—was mostly created as a result of repetitive neutron capture processes occurring in stars. The two main modes of capture are the s- and r-processes.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead is classified as a chalcophile under the Goldschmidt classification, meaning it is generally found combined with sulfur. It rarely occurs in its native, metallic form. Many lead minerals are relatively light and, over the course of the Earth's history, have remained in the crust instead of sinking deeper into the Earth's interior. This accounts for lead's relatively high crustal abundance of 14 ppm; it is the 38th most abundant element in the crust.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: The main lead-bearing mineral is galena (PbS), which is mostly found with zinc ores. Most other lead minerals are related to galena in some way; boulangerite, Pb5Sb4S11, is a mixed sulfide derived from galena; anglesite, PbSO4, is a product of galena oxidation; and cerussite or white lead ore, PbCO3, is a decomposition product of galena. Arsenic, tin, antimony, silver, gold, copper, and bismuth are common impurities in lead minerals.

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Lead

Context: World lead resources exceed two billion tons. Significant deposits are located in Australia, China, Ireland, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Russia, and the United States. Global reserves—resources that are economically feasible to extract—totaled 88 million tons in 2016, of which Australia had 35 million, China 17 million, and Russia 6.4 million.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Typical background concentrations of lead do not exceed 0.1 μg/m3 in the atmosphere; 100 mg/kg in soil; 4 mg/kg in vegetation and 5 μg/L in freshwater and seawater.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: The modern English word "lead" is of Germanic origin; it comes from the Middle English and Old English (with the macron above the "e" signifying that the vowel sound of that letter is long). The Old English word is derived from the hypothetical reconstructed Proto-Germanic ('lead'). According to linguistic theory, this word bore descendants in multiple Germanic languages of exactly the same meaning.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: There is no consensus on the origin of the Proto-Germanic . One hypothesis suggests it is derived from Proto-Indo-European ('lead'; capitalization of the vowel is equivalent to the macron). Another hypothesis suggests it is borrowed from Proto-Celtic ('lead'). This word is related to the Latin , which gave the element its chemical symbol "Pb". The word is thought to be the origin of Proto-Germanic (which also means 'lead'), from which stemmed the German .

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: The name of the chemical element is not related to the verb of the same spelling, which is derived from Proto-Germanic ('to lead').

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Because silver was extensively used as a decorative material and an exchange medium, lead deposits came to be worked in Asia Minor from 3000 BCE; later, lead deposits were developed in the Aegean and Laurion. These three regions collectively dominated production of mined lead until c. 1200 BCE. Beginning circa 2000 BCE, the Phoenicians worked deposits in the Iberian peninsula; by 1600 BCE, lead mining existed in Cyprus, Greece, and Sardinia.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Rome's territorial expansion in Europe and across the Mediterranean, and its development of mining, led to it becoming the greatest producer of lead during the classical era, with an estimated annual output peaking at 80,000 tonnes. Like their predecessors, the Romans obtained lead mostly as a by-product of silver smelting. Lead mining occurred in Central Europe, Britain, the Balkans, Greece, Anatolia, and Hispania, the latter accounting for 40% of world production.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead tablets were commonly used as a material for letters. Lead coffins, cast in flat sand forms, with interchangeable motifs to suit the faith of the deceased were used in ancient Judea. Lead was used to make sling bullets from the 5th century BC. In Roman times, lead sling bullets were amply used, and were effective at a distance of between 100 and 150 meters. The Balearic slingers, used as mercenaries in Carthaginian and Roman armies, were famous for their shooting distance and accuracy.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead mining in Western Europe declined after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, with Arabian Iberia being the only region having a significant output. The largest production of lead occurred in South and East Asia, especially China and India, where lead mining grew rapidly.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: In the New World, lead production was recorded soon after the arrival of European settlers. The earliest record dates to 1621 in the English Colony of Virginia, fourteen years after its foundation. In Australia, the first mine opened by colonists on the continent was a lead mine, in 1841. In Africa, lead mining and smelting were known in the Benue Trough and the lower Congo Basin, where lead was used for trade with Europeans, and as a currency by the 17th century, well before the scramble for Africa.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: The last major human exposure to lead was the addition of tetraethyllead to gasoline as an antiknock agent, a practice that originated in the United States in 1921. It was phased out in the United States and the European Union by 2000.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Most lead ores contain a low percentage of lead (rich ores have a typical content of 3–8%) which must be concentrated for extraction. During initial processing, ores typically undergo crushing, dense-medium separation, grinding, froth flotation, and drying. The resulting concentrate, which has a lead content of 30–80% by mass (regularly 50–60%), is then turned into (impure) lead metal.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: There are two main ways of doing this: a two-stage process involving roasting followed by blast furnace extraction, carried out in separate vessels; or a direct process in which the extraction of the concentrate occurs in a single vessel. The latter has become the most common route, though the former is still significant.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: As the original concentrate was not pure lead sulfide, roasting yields not only the desired lead(II) oxide, but a mixture of oxides, sulfates, and silicates of lead and of the other metals contained in the ore. This impure lead oxide is reduced in a coke-fired blast furnace to the (again, impure) metal:

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: In this process, lead bullion and slag is obtained directly from lead concentrates. The lead sulfide concentrate is melted in a furnace and oxidized, forming lead monoxide. Carbon (as coke or coal gas) is added to the molten charge along with fluxing agents. The lead monoxide is thereby reduced to metallic lead, in the midst of a slag rich in lead monoxide.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: If the input is rich in lead, as much as 80% of the original lead can be obtained as bullion; the remaining 20% forms a slag rich in lead monoxide. For a low-grade feed, all of the lead can be oxidized to a high-lead slag. Metallic lead is further obtained from the high-lead (25–40%) slags via submerged fuel combustion or injection, reduction assisted by an electric furnace, or a combination of both.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Research on a cleaner, less energy-intensive lead extraction process continues; a major drawback is that either too much lead is lost as waste, or the alternatives result in a high sulfur content in the resulting lead metal. Hydrometallurgical extraction, in which anodes of impure lead are immersed into an electrolyte and pure lead is deposited onto a cathode, is a technique that may have potential, but is not currently economical except in cases where electricity is very cheap.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Smelting, which is an essential part of the primary production, is often skipped during secondary production. It is only performed when metallic lead has undergone significant oxidation. The process is similar to that of primary production in either a blast furnace or a rotary furnace, with the essential difference being the greater variability of yields: blast furnaces produce hard lead (10% antimony) while reverberatory and rotary kiln furnaces produced semisoft lead (3–4% antimony).

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Of the sources of lead for recycling, lead–acid batteries are the most important; lead pipe, sheet, and cable sheathing are also significant.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Contrary to popular belief, pencil leads in wooden pencils have never been made from lead. When the pencil originated as a wrapped graphite writing tool, the particular type of graphite used was named "plumbago" (literally, "act for lead" or "lead mockup").

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead metal has several useful mechanical properties, including high density, low melting point, ductility, and relative inertness. Many metals are superior to lead in some of these aspects but are generally less common and more difficult to extract from parent ores. Lead's toxicity has led to its phasing out for some uses.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead has been used for bullets since their invention in the Middle Ages. It is inexpensive; its low melting point means small arms ammunition and shotgun pellets can be cast with minimal technical equipment; and it is denser than other common metals, which allows for better retention of velocity. It remains the main material for bullets, alloyed with other metals as hardeners. Concerns have been raised that lead bullets used for hunting can damage the environment.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead has many uses in the construction industry; lead sheets are used as architectural metals in roofing material, cladding, flashing, gutters and gutter joints, and on roof parapets. Lead is still used in statues and sculptures, including for armatures. In the past it was often used to balance the wheels of cars; for environmental reasons this use is being phased out in favor of other materials.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead is used in high voltage power cables as sheathing material to prevent water diffusion into insulation; this use is decreasing as lead is being phased out. Its use in solder for electronics is also being phased out by some countries to reduce the amount of environmentally hazardous waste. Lead is one of three metals used in the Oddy test for museum materials, helping detect organic acids, aldehydes, and acidic gases.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: In addition to being the main application for lead metal, lead-acid batteries are also the main consumer of lead compounds. The energy storage/release reaction used in these devices involves lead sulfate and lead dioxide:

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Lead exposure is a global issue since lead mining and smelting, and battery manufacturing/disposal/recycling, are common in many countries. Lead enters the body via inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. Almost all inhaled lead is absorbed into the body; for ingestion, the rate is 20–70%, with children absorbing a higher percentage than adults.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: Poisoning typically results from ingestion of food or water contaminated with lead, and less commonly after accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, dust, or lead-based paint. Seawater products can contain lead if affected by nearby industrial waters. Fruit and vegetables can be contaminated by high levels of lead in the soils they were grown in. Soil can be contaminated through particulate accumulation from lead in pipes, lead paint, and residual emissions from leaded gasoline.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？


Lead

Context: a direct source is chewing on old painted window sills. Alternatively, as the applied dry paint deteriorates, it peels, is pulverized into dust and then enters the body through hand-to-mouth contact or contaminated food, water, or alcohol. Ingesting certain home remedies may result in exposure to lead or its compounds.

Question: 鉛の融点は何度？