Solomon

Context: The biblical narrative notes with disapproval that Solomon permitted his foreign wives to import their national deities, building temples to Ashtoreth and Milcom.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: In a brief, unelaborated, and enigmatic passage, the Hebrew Bible describes how the fame of Solomon's wisdom and wealth reached even the far-off Queen of Sheba. The queen is described as visiting with gifts including gold, spices and precious stones. When Solomon gave her "all her desire, whatsoever she asked", she left satisfied (1 Kings 10:10).

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Whether the passage is simply to provide a brief foreign witness of Solomon's wealth and wisdom, or whether the visit is meant to have more significance, is unknown; nevertheless the Queen of Sheba has become the subject of numerous stories.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Sheba is typically identified as Saba, a nation once spanning the Red Sea on the coasts of what are now Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia and Yemen, in Arabia Felix; although other sources place it in the area of what is now northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: In a Rabbinical account (e.g. Targum Sheni, ), Solomon was accustomed to ordering animals to dance before him (a power granted by Yahweh), and upon summoning the mountain-cock or hoopoe (Aramaic name: "nagar tura"), the bird told him it had discovered a land in the east, rich in gold, silver, and plants, whose capital was called "Kitor" and whose ruler was the Queen of Sheba. Solomon then sent the bird to request the queen's visit.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: The claim of such a lineage and of possession of the Ark was an important source of legitimacy and prestige for the Ethiopian monarchy through the centuries, and had important and lasting effects on Ethiopian culture. The Ethiopian government and church deny all requests to view the alleged ark.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Some classical-era Rabbis, attacking Solomon's moral character, have claimed instead that the child was an ancestor of Nebuchadnezzar II, who destroyed Solomon's temple some 300 years later.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Jewish scribes say that Solomon's teacher was Shimei (son of Gera), and while he lived, he prevented Solomon from marrying foreign wives. The Talmud says at Ber. 8a: "For as long as Shimei the son of Gera was alive Solomon did not marry the daughter of Pharaoh" (see also Midrash Tehillim to Ps. 3:1). Solomon's execution of Shimei was his first descent into sin.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: According to Solomon's "wives turned his heart after other gods", their own national deities, to whom Solomon built temples, thus incurring divine anger and retribution in the form of the division of the kingdom after Solomon's death ().

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: According to and , it was because of these sins that the Lord punished Solomon by removing most of the tribes of Israel from rule by Solomon's house.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Near the end of his life, Solomon was beset by several enemies, including Hadad of Edom, Rezon of Zobah, and his own official Jeroboam of the tribe of Ephraim.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: According to the Hebrew Bible, Solomon was the last ruler of a united Kingdom of Israel. After a reign of forty years, he died of natural causes at around 60 years of age. Upon Solomon's death, his son, Rehoboam, succeeded him, but ten of the Tribes of Israel refused him as king, splitting the United Monarchy into the northern Kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam, while Rehoboam continued to reign over the much smaller southern Kingdom of Judah. Henceforth the two kingdoms were never again united.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: King Solomon is one of the central biblical figures in Jewish heritage who has had lasting religious, national, and political influence. As the builder of the First Temple in Jerusalem and as the last ruler of the united Kingdom of Israel before its division into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah, Solomon is associated with the peak "golden age" of the independent Kingdom of Israel. He is considered a source of judicial and religious wisdom.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: The Hebrew word "לשלמה" appears in the title of two hymns (72 and 127) in the Book of Psalms. This Hebrew word means "to Solomon", but it can also be translated as "by Solomon," thus suggesting to some that Solomon wrote the two psalms.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Rabbinical tradition attributes the "Wisdom of Solomon" (included within the Septuagint) to Solomon, although this book was probably written in the 2nd century BCE. In this work, Solomon is portrayed as an astronomer. Other books of wisdom poetry such as the "Odes of Solomon" and the "Psalms of Solomon" also bear his name. The Jewish historian Eupolemus, who wrote about 157 BCE, included copies of apocryphal letters exchanged between Solomon and the kings of Egypt and Tyre.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: The Gnostic "Apocalypse of Adam", which may date to the 1st or 2nd century, refers to a legend in which Solomon sends out an army of demons to seek a virgin who had fled from him, perhaps the earliest surviving mention of the later common tale that Solomon controlled demons and made them his slaves. This tradition of Solomon's control over demons appears fully elaborated in the early pseudoepigraphical work called the "Testament of Solomon" with its elaborate and grotesque demonology.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: As with most biblical personages in the middle era of Israelite society, the historicity of Solomon is hotly debated. Current consensus states that regardless of whether or not a man named Solomon truly reigned as king over the Judean hills in the tenth century BCE, the Biblical descriptions of his apparent empire's lavishness is almost surely an anachronistic exaggeration.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Little archaeological excavation has been done around the area known as the Temple Mount, in what is thought to be the foundation of Solomon's Temple, because attempts to do so are met with protests by the Muslim authorities.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Possible evidence for the described wealth of Solomon and his kingdom was discovered in ancient silver hoards, which were found in Israel and Phoenicia and recognized for their importance in 2003. The evidence from the hoards shows that the Levant was a center of wealth in precious metals during the reigns of Solomon and Hiram, and matches the texts that say the trade extended from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: The Seder Olam Rabba holds that Solomon's reign was not in 1000 BCE, but rather in the 9th century BCE, during which time he built the First Temple in 832 BCE. However, the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia gives the more common date of "971 to 931 BCE".

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Christianity has traditionally accepted the historical existence of Solomon, though some modern Christian scholars have also questioned at least his authorship of those biblical texts ascribed to him. Such disputes tend to divide Christians into traditionalist and modernist camps.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Jesus refers to Solomon, using him for comparison in his admonition against worrying about life. This account is recorded in Matthew 6:29 and the parallel passage in Luke 12:27.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Solomon is commemorated as a saint, with the title of "Righteous Prophet and King". His feast day is celebrated on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the Great Feast of the Nativity of the Lord).

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: In Islamic tradition, Solomon is recognised as a prophet and a messenger of God, as well as a divinely appointed monarch, who ruled over the Kingdom of Israel. Solomon inherited his position from his father as the prophetic King of the Israelites. Unlike in the Bible, according to Muslim tradition, Solomon never participated in idoltary himself, but is rebuked for allowing it to happen in his kingdom.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: The Quran ascribes to Solomon a great level of wisdom, knowledge and power. He knew the "Mantiq al-tayr" (, language of the birds). Solomon was also known in Islam to have other supernatural abilities bestowed upon him by God, like controlling the wind, ruling over the jinn, enslaving demons ("divs"), and hearing the communication of ants:

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: The Quran, makes a reference to a "puppet" posing as Solomon, in exegetical literature understood as a jinni or demon, who escaped captivity and took over his kingdom.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Solomon's gifts are often used allegorical in popular literature. The demons taking over Solomon's kingdom, is mirroring Sufistic concept of the mind giving in to evil urges. The ant is depicted as a wise creature, revealing to Solomon the reason behind his gift to control the wind and his name.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: In Medieval traditions, when Islam spread through Persia, Solomon became merged with Jamshid, a great king from Persian legends whom similar attributes are ascribed to.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: In the Baháʼí Faith, Solomon is regarded as one of the lesser prophets along with David, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, along with others. Baháʼís see Solomon as a prophet who was sent by God to address the issues of his time. Baha'ullah wrote about Solomon in the "Hidden Words". He also mentions Solomon in the "Tablet of Wisdom", where he is depicted as a contemporary of Pythagoras.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Early adherents of the Kabbalah portray Solomon as having sailed through the air on a throne of light placed on an eagle, which brought him near the heavenly gates as well as to the dark mountains behind which the fallen angels "Uzza" and "Azzazel" were chained; the eagle would rest on the chains, and Solomon, using the magic ring, would compel the two angels to reveal every mystery he desired to know.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: Masonic rituals refer to King Solomon and the building of his Temple. Masonic Temples, where a Masonic Lodge meets, are an allegorical reference to King Solomon's Temple.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Solomon

Context: The Solomon Islands, a country and archipelago in Melanesia, were named for King Solomon by the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña, who became the first European to see the islands in 1568.

Question: هل بنى  النبيّ سليمان القدس؟


Agadir

Context: Agadir (; ) is a major city in Morocco, on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean near the foot of the Atlas Mountains, just north of the point where the Souss River flows into the ocean, and south of Casablanca. Agadir is the capital of the Agadir Ida-U-Tanan Prefecture and of the Souss-Massa economic region. The majority of its inhabitants speak Berber, one of Morocco’s two official languages.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Agadir is one of the major urban centres of Morocco. The municipality of Agadir recorded a population of 924,000 in the 2014 Moroccan census. According to the 2004 census, there were 346,106 inhabitants in that year and the population of the Prefecture of Agadir-Ida Outanane was 487,954 inhabitants. Three languages are spoken in the city: Tashelhit (first language of the majority), Moroccan Arabic, and French.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: It was the site of the 1911 Agadir Crisis that exposed tensions between France and Germany, foreshadowing World War I. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 1960; it has been completely rebuilt with mandatory seismic standards. It is now the largest seaside resort in Morocco, where foreign tourists and many residents are attracted by an unusually mild year-round climate. Since 2010 it has been well served by low-cost flights and a motorway from Tangier.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The mild winter climate (January average midday temperature 20.5 °C/69 °F) and good beaches have made it a major "winter sun" destination for northern Europeans.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Phoenicians from Tyre founded Agadir (alternately, “Gadir”) around 1104 BC. There is little record of the area before that time.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The oldest known map that includes an indication of Agadir is from 1325: at the approximate location of the modern city, it names a place it calls "Porto Mesegina", after a Berber tribe name that had been recorded as early as the 12th century, the "Mesguina" (also known as the "Ksima").

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: At the end of the medieval period, Agadir was a town of some renown. The first known mention of its name, "Agadir al-harba", was recorded in 1510.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: In 1505, the Portuguese, who were already installed on the Moroccan coast, founded a trading post and a fort at the foot of a hill near the sea, "Santa Cruz do Cabo de Aguer", on the site of the now-vanished neighborhood of Founti (named after the Portuguese word "fonte" meaning "fountain").

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: After this, the Portuguese were forced to abandon most of the Moroccan areas that they had acquired control of between 1505 and 1520, including Agadir, Safi and Azemmour. By 1550, Portugual’s only holding in Morocco was Mazagan (now El Jadida), Tangier and Ceuta. As Morocco became less important to the Portuguese, they turned their attention to India and Brazil.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: In 1572, the Casbah was built on top of the hill by Abdallah al-Ghalib, successor to Mohammed ash-Sheikh. It was now called "Agadir N'Ighir", literally: "fortified granary of the hill" in Tachelhit.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: In 1731, the town was completely destroyed by an earthquake. After that, Agadir’s harbour was ordered to be closed, and an alternative, Essaouira, was established farther north.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: In 1746, the Dutch set up a trading post at the foot of the Casbah under the authority of the Sultan. They undoubtedly participated in the restoration of the city. Above the door of the Casbah, a Dutch inscription dated 1746 can still be seen (along with its transcription in Arabic): "Vreest God ende eert den Kooning" ("Fear God and honour the king").

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: After a long period of prosperity during the reigns of the Saadian and Alawite dynasties, Agadir declined from 1760 because of the pre-eminence given to the competing port of Essaouira by the Alawite Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah who wanted to punish the Souss for rebelling against his authority. This decline lasted a century and a half. In 1789, a European traveler gave a brief description of Agadir: "It is now a ghost town, there are no more than a few houses and these are crumbling into ruins".

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: In 1881, Sultan Moulay Hassan reopened the harbour to trade in order to supply the expeditions he planned in the south. These expeditions, which were to reassert his authority over the Souss tribes and counter the plans of English and Spanish, were held in 1882 and 1886.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: In 1884, Charles de Foucauld described in "Reconnaissance au Maroc" (Reconnaissance in Morocco) his rapid passage to Agadir from the east:

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Around 1930, Agadir was an important stop for the French airmail service Aéropostale and was frequented by Saint-Exupéry and Mermoz.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: In the years from 1930, a modern central city began to be built according to the plans of the urban planner Henri Prost, director of the Urban Planning Department of the Protectorate, and his deputy Albert Laprade: a horseshoe layout based on the waterfront around a large avenue perpendicular to the waterfront – the Avenue Lyautey, since renamed Avenue du Général Kettani. In the 1950s, urban development continued under the direction of the Director of Urban Planning Morocco, Michel Ecochard.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: After 1950 and the opening of the new commercial port, the city grew with fishing, canning, agriculture, and mining. It also began to open up to tourism due to its climate and hotel infrastructure. Several years later from 1950 to 1956 Agadir organised the and, from 1954 to 1956, the Moroccan Grand Prix.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: In 1959, the port was visited by the yacht of the Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis and his guest, Winston Churchill.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: By 1960, Agadir numbered over 40,000 residents when at 15 minutes to midnight on 29 February 1960, it was again almost totally destroyed by an earthquake of magnitude 5.7 on the Richter scale that lasted 15 seconds, burying the city and killing more than a third of the population. The death toll was estimated at 15,000. The earthquake destroyed the ancient Casbah.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: With Marrakech, Agadir is a very important centre for tourism to Morocco, and the city is the most important fishing port in the country. Business is also booming with the export of citrus fruit and vegetables produced in the fertile valley of Souss.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The city had an annual growth rate of over 6% per year in housing demand while housing production barely exceeds 3.4%.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Agadir's economy relies mainly on tourism and fisheries. Agricultural activities are based around the city. Agadir has one of the biggest souks in Morocco (Souk Al Ahad).

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The "Casbah" ("Agadir Oufella", "Agadir le haut", "Agadir N'Ighir", or "Agadir de la colline") was, along with Founti by the sea, the oldest district of Agadir. An authentic fortress with winding streets and lively, the Casbah was built in 1572 by Abdallah al-Ghalib. Above the front door; today, the original inscription in Arabic and in English reads: "God, the Nation, the King."

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Of this fortress there remains, after the earthquake of 29 February 1960, a restored long high wall that surrounds land that is not buildable. There is, however, a view over the bay of Agadir and the ports. The old people of Agadir remember the "Moorish café" of the Casbah and its panoramic view.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The hill bears the inscription in Arabic: "God, Country, King" which, like the walls, is illuminated at night.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: This is the largest market in the region. It has about 6,000 small shops. It is surrounded by walls and has several entrances. It is organized into different sectors: furniture, crafts, clothing, vegetables, meat, spices etc. It is possible to find all kinds of handicrafts and traditional decorations.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: "La Médina" is a handicrafts space created in 1992 by the Italian artist Coco Polizzi, at Ben Sergao, a district close to Agadir from the city centre. Built using techniques of traditional Berber construction, it is a kind of small open-air museum, on five hectares and home to artisan workshops, a museum, individual residences, a small hotel, and an exotic garden.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Agadir has a semi-arid climate (Köppen: "BSh") with warm summers and mild winters. Located along the Atlantic Ocean, Agadir has a very mild climate. The daytime temperature generally stays in the 20s °C (70s °F) every day, with the winter highs typically reaching in December and January.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Rainfall is almost entirely confined to the winter months and is heavily influenced by the NAO, with negative NAO indices producing wet winters and positive NAO correlating with drought. For instance, in the wettest month on record of December 1963, as much as fell, whereas in the positive NAO year from July 1960 to June 1961 a mere occurred over the twelve months. The wettest year has been from July 1955 to June 1956 with .

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Occasionally however, the region experiences winds from the Sahara called "Chergui", which may exceptionally and for two to five days raise the heat above . The record high temperature of Agadir is registered on July 17, 2012.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: In 1950, a poster from the Navigation Company Pacquet proclaimed: "Winter or summer, I bathe in Agadir".

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The Timitar festival, a festival of Amazigh culture and music from around the world, has been held in Agadir every summer since its inception in July 2004.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The "Morocco Movement" association is involved in the arts and organizes concerts, exhibitions and meetings in the visual arts, design, music, graphic design, photography, environment and health

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The city of Agadir has a university: the "University Ibn Zohr" which includes a Faculty of Science, Faculty of medicine and pharmacy, Faculty of Law, Economics and Social Sciences, the Faculty of Arts and Humanities, and the multi-disciplined Faculty of Ouarzazate.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: There is an international French school: the "French School of Agadir" and also public schools: "Youssef Ben Tachfine School", "Mohammed Reda-Slaoui School", and the "Al-Idrissi Technical College".

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The city of Agadir has a football club known as Hassania Agadir and the city has built the new Adrar Stadium, which the team plays its home matches at. The city also hosts the Royal Tennis Club of Agadir.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: The Hassan II Golf Trophy and Lalla Meryem Cup golf tournaments of the European Tour and Ladies European Tour are held at the Golf du Palais Royal in Agadir since 2011.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Some of the most popular beaches in Morocco are located to the north of Agadir. Areas known for surfing are located near Taghazout village to Cap Ghir.

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Agadir

Context: Many smaller and clean beaches are located along this coast. Some of them between Agadir and Essaouira are: Agadir Beach, Tamaounza (12 km), Aitswal Beach, Imouran (17 km), Taghazout (19 km), Bouyirdn (20 km), Timzguida (22 km), Aghroud (30 km), Imiouadar (27 km).

Question: كم تبعد مدينة الدار البيضاء عن اكادير؟


Comoros

Context: At , the Comoros is the fourth-smallest African nation by area. Its population is estimated at 850,886 residents as of 2019.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: According to mythology, a jinni (spirit) dropped a jewel, which formed a great circular inferno. This became the Karthala volcano, which created the island of Grande Comore. King Solomon is also said to have visited the island.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The first attested human inhabitants of the Comoro Islands are now thought to have been Austronesian settlers travelling by boat from islands in Southeast Asia. These people arrived no later than the eighth century AD, the date of the earliest known archaeological site, found on Mayotte, although settlement beginning as early as the first century has been postulated.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Subsequent settlers came from the east coast of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the Persian Gulf, the Malay Archipelago, and Madagascar. Bantu-speaking settlers were present on the islands from the beginnings of settlement, probably brought to the islands as slaves.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: According to legend, in 632, upon hearing of Islam, islanders are said to have dispatched an emissary, Mtswa-Mwindza, to Mecca—but by the time he arrived there, the Muslim Prophet Muhammad had died. Nonetheless, after a stay in Mecca, he returned to Ngazidja and led the gradual conversion of his islanders to Islam.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The Portuguese arrived in the Indian Ocean at the end of the 15th century and the first Portuguese visit to the islands seems to have been that of Vasco da Gama's second fleet in 1503. For much of the 16th century the islands provided provisions to the Portuguese fort at Mozambique and although there was no formal attempt by the Portuguese crown to take possession, a number of Portuguese traders settled.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: By the time Europeans showed interest in the Comoros, the islanders were well placed to take advantage of their needs, initially supplying ships on the route to India, particularly the English and, later, slaves to the plantation islands in the Mascarenes.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: France first established colonial rule in the Comoros by taking possession of Mayotte in 1841 when the Sakalava usurper sultan (also known as Tsy Levalo) signed the Treaty of April 1841, which ceded the island to the French authorities.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Some rebels were killed and injured, but there are no official figures. At least 11 civilians were wounded. Some officials were imprisoned. Bacar fled in a speedboat to Mayotte to seek asylum. Anti-French protests followed in the Comoros (see 2008 invasion of Anjouan). Bacar was eventually granted asylum in Benin.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: In January 2020, the legislative elections in Comoros were dominated by President Azali Assoumani's party, the Convention for the Renewal of Comoros, CRC. It took an overwhelming majority in the parliament, meaning his hold on power strengthened. CRC took 17 out of 24 seats of the parliament.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: In 2021, Comoros signed and ratified the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, making it a nuclear-weapon-free state.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: At , it is one of the smallest countries in the world. The Comoros also has claim to of territorial seas. The interiors of the islands vary from steep mountains to low hills.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The climate is generally tropical and mild, and the two major seasons are distinguishable by their raininess. The temperature reaches an average of in March, the hottest month in the rainy season (called kashkazi/kaskazi [meaning north monsoon], which runs from November to April), and an average low of in the cool, dry season (kusi (meaning south monsoon), which proceeds from May to October). The islands are rarely subject to cyclones.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The Comoros constitute an ecoregion in their own right, Comoros forests. It had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 7.69/10, ranking it 33rd globally out of 172 countries.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: There are six national parks in the Comoros – Karthala, Coelocanth, and Mitsamiouli Ndroudi on Grande Comore, Mount Ntringui and Shisiwani on Anjouan, and Mohéli National Park on Mohéli. Karthala and Mount Ntrigui national parks cover the highest peaks on the respective islands, and Coelocanth, Mitsamiouli Ndroudi, and Shisiwani are marine national parks that protect the island's coastal waters and fringing reefs. Mohéli National Park includes both terrestrial and marine areas.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The Comoros is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Arab League, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Indian Ocean Commission and the African Development Bank. On 10 April 2008, the Comoros became the 179th nation to accept the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Comoros signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: In May 2013 the Union of the Comoros became known for filing a referral to the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) regarding the events of "the 31 May 2010 Israeli raid on the Humanitarian Aid Flotilla bound for [the] Gaza Strip". In November 2014 the ICC Prosecutor eventually decided that the events did constitute war crimes but did not meet the gravity standards of bringing the case before ICC.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The military resources of the Comoros consist of a small standing army and a 500-member police force, as well as a 500-member defence force. A defence treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comorian military personnel, and air surveillance. France maintains the presence of a few senior officers in the Comoros at government request, as well as a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion Detachment (DLEM) on Mayotte.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Both male and female same-sex sexual acts are illegal in Comoros. Such acts are punished with up to five years imprisonment.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: According to ILO's ILOSTAT statistical database, between 1991 and 2019 the unemployment rate as a percent of the total labor force ranged from 4.38% to 4.3%. An October 2005 paper by the Comoros Ministry of Planning and Regional Development, however, reported that "registered unemployment rate is 14.3 percent, distributed very unevenly among and within the islands, but with marked incidence in urban areas."

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Fiscal policy is constrained by erratic fiscal revenues, a bloated civil service wage bill, and an external debt that is far above the HIPC threshold. Membership in the franc zone, the main anchor of stability, has nevertheless helped contain pressures on domestic prices.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The Comoros has an inadequate transportation system, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labour force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture contributes 40% to GDP and provides most of the exports.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatise commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, to promote tourism, and to reduce the high population growth rate.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: With fewer than a million people, the Comoros is one of the least populous countries in the world, but is also one of the most densely populated, with an average of . In 2001, 34% of the population was considered urban, but that is expected to grow, since rural population growth is negative, while overall population growth is still relatively high.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Almost half the population of the Comoros is under the age of 15. Major urban centres include Moroni, Mitsamihuli, Fumbuni, Mutsamudu, Domoni, and Fomboni. There are between 200,000 and 350,000 Comorians in France.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The most common languages in the Comoros are the Comorian languages, collectively known "Shikomori". They are related to Swahili, and the four different variants (Shingazidja, Shimwali, Shindzwani and Shimaore) are spoken on each of the four islands. Arabic and Latin scripts are both used, Arabic being the more widely used, and an official orthography has recently been developed for the Latin script.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Arabic and French are also official languages, along with Comorian. Arabic is widely known as a second language, being the language of Quranic teaching. French is the administrative language and the language of most non-Quranic formal education.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Sunni Islam is the dominant religion, followed by as much as 99% of the population. Comoros is the only Muslim-majority country in Southern Africa and the third southernmost Muslim-majority territory after Mayotte and the Australian territory of Cocos Islands.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: A minority of the population of the Comoros are Christian, both Catholic and Protestant denominations are represented, and most Malagasy residents are also Christian. Immigrants from metropolitan France are mostly Catholic.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: There are 15 physicians per 100,000 people. The fertility rate was 4.7 per adult woman in 2004. Life expectancy at birth is 67 for females and 62 for males.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: In 2000, 44.2% of children ages 5 to 14 years were attending school. There is a general lack of facilities, equipment, qualified teachers, textbooks and other resources. Salaries for teachers are often so far in arrears that many refuse to work.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Prior to 2000, students seeking a university education had to attend school outside of the country. However, in the early 2000s a university was created in the country. This served to help economic growth and to fight the "flight" of many educated people who were not returning to the islands to work.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: About fifty-seven percent of the population is literate in the Latin script while more than 90% are literate in the Arabic script. Comorian has no native script, but both Arabic and Latin scripts are used.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Traditionally, women on Ndzwani wear red and white patterned garments called "shiromani", while on Ngazidja and Mwali colourful shawls called "leso" are worn. Many women apply a paste of ground sandalwood and coral called "msinzano" to their faces. Traditional male clothing is a long white shirt known as a "nkandu", and a bonnet called a "kofia".

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: The "ada" is often criticized because of its great expense, but at the same time it is a source of social cohesion and the main reason why migrants in France and elsewhere continue to send money home. Increasingly, marriages are also being taxed for the purposes of village development.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Comorian society has a bilateral descent system. Lineage membership and inheritance of immovable goods (land, housing) is matrilineal, passed in the maternal line, similar to many Bantu peoples who are also matrilineal, while other goods and patronymics are passed in the male line. However, there are differences between the islands, the matrilineal element being stronger on Ngazidja.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


Comoros

Context: Twarab music, imported from Zanzibar in the early 20th century, remains the most influential genre on the islands and is popular at "ada" marriages.

Question: في أي عام تم تم جزر القمر إلى الوطن العربي ؟


The Man in the High Castle (TV series)

Context: The pilot premiered in January 2015, and Amazon ordered a ten-episode season the following month which was released in November. A second season of ten episodes premiered in December 2016, and a third season was released on October 5, 2018. The fourth and final season premiered on November 15, 2019.

Question: من هو مخرج مسلسل الرجل في القلعة العالية ؟


The Man in the High Castle (TV series)

Context: Western North America, now part of the "Japanese Pacific States", is occupied by the technologically less-advanced Shōwa-period Empire of Japan, which has assimilated its formerly American citizens into Japanese culture, although high-class ethnic Japanese are extremely fascinated by pre-War American culture. Japan's Trade and Science ministers work in the Pacific States' capital, San Francisco. The Japanese rulers subject non-Japanese people to racial discrimination and grant them fewer rights.

Question: من هو مخرج مسلسل الرجل في القلعة العالية ؟


The Man in the High Castle (TV series)

Context: Eastern and Midwestern North America is a colony controlled by the Greater Nazi Reich (GNR) under an aging Adolf Hitler. The colony, headed by a " of North America", is commonly referred to as "Nazi America" or "the American Reich" and its capital is New York City. The Nazis continue to hunt minorities and euthanize the physically and mentally sick. The superior technology of the Germans is highlighted by the use of video phones and Concorde-like "rockets" for intercontinental travel.

Question: من هو مخرج مسلسل الرجل في القلعة العالية ؟


The Man in the High Castle (TV series)

Context: A Neutral Zone, which encompasses the Rocky Mountains, serves as a buffer zone between the Japanese Pacific States and Nazi America due to Cold War–like tensions between the German and Japanese blocs. Another buffer zone is present in the Urals.

Question: من هو مخرج مسلسل الرجل في القلعة العالية ؟


The Man in the High Castle (TV series)

Context: Films collected by the eponymous "Man in the High Castle" show views of numerous other Earths, including some where the Allies were victorious, some featuring executed Allied leaders (such as Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin), and some where an American resistance is doing well.

Question: من هو مخرج مسلسل الرجل في القلعة العالية ؟


The Man in the High Castle (TV series)

Context: The pilot and the second episode were screened at a special Comic-Con event. The season premiered on November 20, 2015. The second season was released on December 16, 2016. The third season was released on October 5, 2018. The fourth season was released on November 15, 2019.

Question: من هو مخرج مسلسل الرجل في القلعة العالية ؟


The Man in the High Castle (TV series)

Context: The fourth season received positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gives it an approval rating of 92%, based on reviews from 13 critics with an average rating of 7.2 out of 10. The site's critical consensus states, ""The Man in the High Castle" finds something close to closure, wrapping up major threads to bring everything full circle in sufficiently dramatic fashion."

Question: من هو مخرج مسلسل الرجل في القلعة العالية ؟


The Man in the High Castle (TV series)

Context: As part of an advertising campaign for the season 1 release, an entire New York City Subway car was covered with Nazi and Imperial Japanese imagery, as seen in the show, including multiple US flags with the Imperial Eagle symbol in place of the 50 stars, and multiple flags of the fictional Pacific States.

Question: من هو مخرج مسلسل الرجل في القلعة العالية ؟


The Man in the High Castle (TV series)

Context: After complaints from New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo and New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, initial reports indicated that Amazon pulled the advertisement from the subway. It was later announced that it was the MTA, not Amazon, that pulled the ad because of pressure from Cuomo.

Question: من هو مخرج مسلسل الرجل في القلعة العالية ؟


Ataxia

Context: The term sensory ataxia is used to indicate ataxia due to loss of proprioception, the loss of sensitivity to the positions of joint and body parts. This is generally caused by dysfunction of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord, because they carry proprioceptive information up to the brain. In some cases, the cause of sensory ataxia may instead be dysfunction of the various parts of the brain that receive positional information, including the cerebellum, thalamus, and parietal lobes.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Sensory ataxia presents itself with an unsteady "stomping" gait with heavy heel strikes, as well as a postural instability that is usually worsened when the lack of proprioceptive input cannot be compensated for by visual input, such as in poorly lit environments.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: The term vestibular ataxia is used to indicate ataxia due to dysfunction of the vestibular system, which in acute and unilateral cases is associated with prominent vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. In slow-onset, chronic bilateral cases of vestibular dysfunction, these characteristic manifestations may be absent, and dysequilibrium may be the sole presentation.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: The three types of ataxia have overlapping causes, so can either coexist or occur in isolation. Cerebellar ataxia can have many causes despite normal neuroimaging.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Ataxia can be induced as a result of severe acute radiation poisoning with an absorbed dose of more than 30 grays.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause, among several neurological abnormalities, overlapping cerebellar and sensory ataxia.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Symptoms of neurological dysfunction may be the presenting feature in some patients with hypothyroidism. These include reversible cerebellar ataxia, dementia, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis and coma. Most of the neurological complications improve completely after thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Peripheral neuropathies may cause generalised or localised sensory ataxia (e.g. a limb only) depending on the extent of the neuropathic involvement. Spinal disorders of various types may cause sensory ataxia from the lesioned level below, when they involve the dorsal columns.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Non-hereditary causes of cerebellar degeneration include chronic alcohol use disorder, head injury, paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune ataxia, high altitude cerebral oedema, coeliac disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus and infectious or post-infectious cerebellitis.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Arnold–Chiari malformation is a malformation of the brain. It consists of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and the medulla through the foramen magnum, sometimes causing hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid outflow.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is an autosomal-recessive gene disorder where mutations in the ALDH5A1 gene results in the accumulation of gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in the body. GHB accumulates in the nervous system and can cause ataxia as well as other neurological dysfunction.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Wilson's disease is an autosomal-recessive gene disorder whereby an alteration of the ATP7B gene results in an inability to properly excrete copper from the body. Copper accumulates in the nervous system and liver and can cause ataxia as well as other neurological and organ impairments.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: Antibodies against the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD: enzyme changing glutamate into GABA) cause cerebellar deficits. The antibodies impair motor learning and cause behavioral deficits.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: GAD antibodies related ataxia is part of the group called immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias. The antibodies induce a synaptopathy. The cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to autoimmune disorders. Cerebellar circuitry has capacities to compensate and restore function thanks to cerebellar reserve, gathering multiple forms of plasticity. LTDpathies gather immune disorders targeting long-term depression (LTD), a form of plasticity.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Ataxia

Context: The movement disorders associated with ataxia can be managed by pharmacological treatments and through physical therapy and occupational therapy to reduce disability. Some drug treatments that have been used to control ataxia include: 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), idebenone, amantadine, physostigmine, L-carnitine or derivatives, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vigabatrin, phosphatidylcholine, acetazolamide, 4-aminopyridine, buspirone, and a combination of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E.

Question: ما هي مخاطر انعدام التنسيق الإرادي لحركة العضلات ؟


Arthritis

Context: Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints. Symptoms generally include joint pain and stiffness. Other symptoms may include redness, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion of the affected joints. In some types of arthritis, other organs are also affected. Onset can be gradual or sudden.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: There are over 100 types of arthritis. The most common forms are osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis usually occurs with age and affects the fingers, knees, and hips. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that often affects the hands and feet. Other types include gout, lupus, fibromyalgia, and septic arthritis. They are all types of rheumatic disease.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Treatment may include resting the joint and alternating between applying ice and heat. Weight loss and exercise may also be useful. Recommended medications may depend on the form of arthritis. These may include pain medications such as ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen). In some circumstances, a joint replacement may be useful.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: There are several diseases where joint pain is primary, and is considered the main feature. Generally when a person has "arthritis" it means that they have one of these diseases, which include:

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Joint pain can also be a symptom of other diseases. In this case, the arthritis is considered to be secondary to the main disease; these include:

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: An "undifferentiated arthritis" is an arthritis that does not fit into well-known clinical disease categories, possibly being an early stage of a definite rheumatic disease.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Pain, which can vary in severity, is a common symptom in virtually all types of arthritis. Other symptoms include swelling, joint stiffness, redness, and aching around the joint(s). Arthritic disorders like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can affect other organs in the body, leading to a variety of symptoms. Symptoms may include:

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: It is common in advanced arthritis for significant secondary changes to occur. For example, arthritic symptoms might make it difficult for a person to move around and/or exercise, which can lead to secondary effects, such as:

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Arthritis is the most common cause of disability in the United States. More than 20 million individuals with arthritis have severe limitations in function on a daily basis. Absenteeism and frequent visits to the physician are common in individuals who have arthritis. Arthritis can make it difficult for individuals to be physically active and some become home bound.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: It is estimated that the total cost of arthritis cases is close to $100 billion of which almost 50% is from lost earnings. Each year, arthritis results in nearly 1 million hospitalizations and close to 45 million outpatient visits to health care centers.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Decreased mobility, in combination with the above symptoms, can make it difficult for an individual to remain physically active, contributing to an increased risk of obesity, high cholesterol or vulnerability to heart disease. People with arthritis are also at increased risk of depression, which may be a response to numerous factors, including fear of worsening symptoms.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: There are common risk factors that increase a person's chance of developing arthritis later in adulthood. Some of these are modifiable while others are not. Smoking has been linked to an increased susceptibility of developing arthritis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Elements of the history of the disorder guide diagnosis. Important features are speed and time of onset, pattern of joint involvement, symmetry of symptoms, early morning stiffness, tenderness, gelling or locking with inactivity, aggravating and relieving factors, and other systemic symptoms. Physical examination may confirm the diagnosis or may indicate systemic disease. Radiographs are often used to follow progression or help assess severity.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Blood tests and X-rays of the affected joints often are performed to make the diagnosis. Screening blood tests are indicated if certain arthritides are suspected. These might include: rheumatoid factor, antinuclear factor (ANF), extractable nuclear antigen, and specific antibodies.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Lupus is a common collagen vascular disorder that can be present with severe arthritis. Other features of lupus include a skin rash, extreme photosensitivity, hair loss, kidney problems, lung fibrosis and constant joint pain.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Infectious arthritis is another severe form of arthritis. It presents with sudden onset of chills, fever and joint pain. The condition is caused by bacteria elsewhere in the body. Infectious arthritis must be rapidly diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent irreversible joint damage.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Psoriasis can develop into psoriatic arthritis. With psoriatic arthritis, most individuals develop the skin problem first and then the arthritis. The typical features are continuous joint pains, stiffness and swelling. The disease does recur with periods of remission but there is no cure for the disorder. A small percentage develop a severely painful and destructive form of arthritis which destroys the small joints in the hands and can lead to permanent disability and loss of hand function.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: In general, studies have shown that physical exercise of the affected joint can noticeably improve long-term pain relief. Furthermore, exercise of the arthritic joint is encouraged to maintain the health of the particular joint and the overall body of the person.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: There are several types of medications that are used for the treatment of arthritis. Treatment typically begins with medications that have the fewest side effects with further medications being added if insufficiently effective.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Depending on the type of arthritis, the medications that are given may be different. For example, the first-line treatment for osteoarthritis is acetaminophen (paracetamol) while for inflammatory arthritis it involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen. Opioids and NSAIDs may be less well tolerated. However, topical NSAIDs may have better safety profiles than oral NSAIDs. For more severe cases of osteoarthritis, intra-articular corticosteroid injections may also be considered.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: A number of rheumasurgical interventions have been incorporated in the treatment of arthritis since the 1950s. Arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee provides no additional benefit to optimized physical and medical therapy.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Further research is required to determine if transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for knee osteoarthritis is effective for controlling pain.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Low level laser therapy may be considered for relief of pain and stiffness associated with arthritis. Evidence of benefit is tentative.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT) has tentative evidence supporting improved functioning but no evidence of improved pain in osteoarthritis. The FDA has not approved PEMFT for the treatment of arthritis. In Canada, PEMF devices are legally licensed by Health Canada for the treatment of pain associated with arthritic conditions.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: In 1715, William Musgrave published the second edition of his most important medical work, "De arthritide symptomatica", which concerned arthritis and its effects. Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais, a 28-year-old resident physician at Saltpêtrière Asylum in France was the first person to describe the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Though Landré-Beauvais' classification of rheumatoid arthritis as a relative of gout was inaccurate, his dissertation encouraged others to further study the disease.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: The term is derived from "arthr-" (from ) and "-itis" (from , , ), the latter suffix having come to be associated with inflammation.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Arthritis

Context: The word "arthritides" is the plural form of arthritis, and denotes the collective group of arthritis-like conditions.

Question: ماهو علاج إلتهاب المفصل التنكسي ؟


Official languages of the United Nations

Context: The official languages of the United Nations are the six languages that are used in UN meetings and in which all official UN documents are written. In alphabetical order, they are:

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: The six official languages are also used for the dissemination of official documents. Generally, the texts in each of the six languages are equally authoritative.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: On 8 June 2007, resolutions concerning human resources management at the UN, the General Assembly had emphasized "the paramount importance of the equality of the six official languages of the United Nations" and requested that the secretary-general "ensure that vacancy announcements specified the need for either of the working languages of the Secretariat, unless the functions of the post required a specific working language".

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: The secretary-general's most recent report on multilingualism was issued on 4 October 2010. In response, on 19 July 2011, the General Assembly adopted Resolution No. A/RES/65/311 on multilingualism, calling on the secretary-general, once again, to ensure that all six official languages are given equally favourable working conditions and resources. The resolution noted with concern that the multilingual development of the UN website had improved at a much slower rate than expected.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: The six official languages spoken at the UN are the first or second language of 2.8 billion people on the planet, less than half of the world population. The six languages are official languages in almost two-thirds of United Nations member states (over 120 states).

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: The Charter of the United Nations, its 1945 constituent document, did not expressly provide for official languages of the UN. The Charter was enacted in five languages (Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish) and provided (in Article 111) that the five texts are equally authoritative.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted rules of procedure concerning languages that purported to apply to "all the organs of the United Nations, other than the International Court of Justice", setting out five official languages and two working languages (English and French).

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: The following year, the second session of the General Assembly adopted permanent rules of procedure, Resolution 173 (II). The part of those rules relating to language closely followed the 1946 rules, except that the 1947 rules did not purport to apply to other UN organs, just the General Assembly.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: Meanwhile, a proposal had been in the works to add Spanish as a third working language in addition to English and French. This was adopted in Resolution 262 (III), passed on 11 December 1948.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In 1968, Russian was added as a working language of the General Assembly so that, of the GA's five official languages, four (all but Chinese) were working.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In 1980, the General Assembly got rid of this final distinction, making Arabic an official and working language of all its committees and subcommittees, as of 1 January 1982. At the same time, the GA requested the Security Council to include Arabic among its official and working languages, and the Economic and Social Council to include Arabic among its official languages, by 1 January 1983.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: As of 1983, the Security Council (like the General Assembly) recognized six official and working languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In the Economic and Social Council, as of 1992, there were six official languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish) of which three were working languages (English, French, and Spanish). Later, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian were added as working languages in the Economic and Social Council.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: As of June 2018, the media branch of the United Nations, UN News, includes website translations into Portuguese and Swahili in addition to the 6 official languages. Other UN documents and websites are already translated into Bengali (referred to as Bangla), Hindi, Urdu, Indonesian/Malay, French Creole, Portuguese, and Swahili but not on an official or consistent basis.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: While there are no proposals before the General Assembly to add another official language, various individuals and states have informally raised the possibility of adding a new official language. Most of the proposed languages are world languages that are lingua francas or are either supra-regional or supercentral in nature according to the global language system theory.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: Bengali is the fifth most spoken native language in the world, with over 300 million speakers, after Chinese, Spanish, English and Hindi.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In April 2009, Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina argued in front of the United Nations General Assembly that the Bengali language should be made one of the official languages of the UN. This was backed by a resolution adopted unanimously by the assembly of the Indian state of West Bengal in December.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In 2007, it was reported that the government of India would "make immediate diplomatic moves to seek the status of an official language for Hindi at the United Nations". According to a 2009 press release from its Ministry of External Affairs, the Government of India has been "working actively" to have Hindi recognized as an official language of the UN. In 2015, Nepal's Vice President Parmananda Jha stated his firm support for the inclusion of Hindi as an official language of the UN.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: "Dewan Bahasa Jauhar" (English: the Institute of Language of Johor), abbreviated DBJ, has been established by Jauhar Academy of Social Sciences (JASS), a Johor Imperial think tank affiliated with Johor Royalists Club, for the advocacy of the Malay Language as an additional official language of the United Nations.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In 2008, the President of Portugal announced that the then eight leaders of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) had agreed to take the necessary steps to make Portuguese an official language. The media branch of the UN, UN News, already includes translations into Portuguese.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: With between 150–200 million speakers, the Swahili lexicon is similar to that of other eastern Bantu languages such as Comorian, which have differing levels of mutual intelligibility. Swahili is already used unofficially in many UN organizations as the United Nations Office at Nairobi, one of the four major UN global offices (in addition to offices in New York City, Vienna, and Geneva), is located in Nairobi, Kenya. The media branch of the UN, UN News, already includes translations into Swahili.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In September 2011, during a meeting with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressed a desire to see Turkish become an official UN language.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In a 1999 resolution, the General Assembly requested the secretary-general to "appoint a senior Secretariat official as coordinator of questions relating to multilingualism throughout the Secretariat".

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: Following Riesco's retirement, Miles Stoby of Guyana was appointed Coordinator for Multilingualism, effective 6 September 2001.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In 2003, Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed Shashi Tharoor of India as coordinator for multilingualism. This responsibility was in addition to Tharoor's role as under-secretary-general for communications and public information, head of the Department of Public Information.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: The current coordinator for multilingualism is Catherine Pollard of Guyana. She replaces Kiyo Akasaka of Japan, who was also under-secretary-general for communications and public information.

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


Context: In 2010, the UN's Department of Public Information announced an initiative of six "language days" to be observed throughout the year, one for each official language, with the goal of celebrating linguistic diversity and learning about the importance of cross-cultural communication. The days and their historical significance are:

Question: ما اللغات الرسمية لليونيسكو؟


History of the Arabs

Context: The recorded history of the Arabs begins in the mid-ninth century BC, which is the earliest known attestation of the Old Arabic language. The Arabs appear to have been under the vassalage of the Neo-Babylonian Empire; they went from the Arabian Peninsula to Mauritania. Tradition holds that Arabs descend from Ishmael, the son of Abraham. The Syrian Desert is the home of the first attested "Arab" groups, as well other Arab groups that spread in the land and existed for millennia.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: Arabs are first mentioned in Biblical and Assyrian texts of the ninth to fifth centuries BC where they appear as inhabiting part of Syria . Proto-Arabs are presumed to have originated from what is now modern-day northern Arabia, Jordan and southern Syria. Over time, Arabs spread further out sometimes replacing previously spoken Semitic languages.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: Proto-Arabic, or Ancient North Arabian, texts give a clearer picture of the Arabs' emergence. The earliest are written in variants of epigraphic south Arabian "musnad" script, including the 8th century BC Hasaean inscriptions of eastern Arabia, the 6th century BC Lihyanite texts of southeastern Saudi Arabia and the Thamudic texts found throughout the Arabian Peninsula and Sinai (not in reality connected with Thamud).

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: The Ghassanids, Lakhmids and Kindites were the last major migration of pre-Islamic Arabs originating from Yemen. The Ghassanids increased the Semitic presence in the then Hellenized Syria, the majority of Semites were Aramaic peoples. They mainly settled in the Hauran region and spread to modern Lebanon, Palestine and East Jordan.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: Greeks and Romans referred to all the nomadic population of the desert in the Near East as Arabi. The Romans called Yemen "Arabia Felix". The Romans called the vassal nomadic states within the Roman Empire "Arabia Petraea", after the city of Petra, and called unconquered deserts bordering the empire to the south and east Arabia Magna.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: The Lakhmids as a dynasty inherited their power from the Tanukhids, the mid Tigris region around their capital Al-Hira. They ended up allying with the Sassanids against the Ghassanids and the Byzantine Empire. The Lakhmids contested control of the Central Arabian tribes with the Kindites with the Lakhmids eventually destroying Kinda in 540 after the fall of their main ally Himyar. The Persian Sassanids dissolved the Lakhmid dynasty in 602, being under puppet kings, then under their direct control.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: In 661, the Rashidun Caliphate fell into the hands of the Umayyad dynasty and Damascus was established as the empire's capital. The Umayyads were proud of their Arab identity and sponsored the poetry and culture of pre-Islamic Arabia. They established garrison towns at Ramla, Raqqa, Basra, Kufa, Mosul and Samarra, all of which developed into major cities.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: The Abbasids were the descendants of Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, one of the youngest uncles of Muhammad and of the same Banu Hashim clan. The Abbasids led a revolt against the Umayyads and defeated them in the Battle of the Zab effectively ending their rule in all parts of the Empire with the exception of al-Andalus. In 762, the second Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad and declared it the capital of the Caliphate. Unlike the Umayyads, the Abbasids had the support of non-Arab subjects.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: From 1517 to 1918, much of the Arab world was under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans defeated the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo, and ended the Abbasid Caliphate. Arabs did not feel the change of administration because the Ottomans modeled their rule after the previous Arab administration systems.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: After World War I, when the Ottoman Empire was overthrown by the British Empire, former Ottoman colonies were divided up between the British and French as League of Nations mandates.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


History of the Arabs

Context: Arabs in modern times live in the Arab world, which comprises 22 countries in Middle East, North Africa, and parts of the Horn of Africa. They are all modern states and became significant as distinct political entities after the fall and defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

Question: من هي اقدم القبائل العربية؟


President of Mexico

Context: Chapter III of Title III of the Constitution deals with the executive branch of government and sets forth the powers of the president, as well as the qualifications for the office. He is vested with the "supreme executive power of the Union".

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: To be eligible to serve as president, Article 82 of the Constitution specifies that the following requirements must be met:

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: The presidential term was set at four years from 1821 to 1904, when President Porfirio Díaz extended it to six years for the first time in Mexico's history, and then again from 1917 to 1928 after a new constitution reversed the change made by Diaz in 1904.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: Finally, the presidential term was set at six years in 1928 and has remained unchanged since then. The president is elected by direct, popular, universal suffrage. Whoever wins a simple plurality of the national vote is elected; there is no runoff election.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: The history of Mexico has not been a peaceful one. After the fall of dictator Porfirio Díaz in 1910 following the Mexican Revolution, there was no stable government until 1929, when all the revolutionary leaders united in one political party: the National Revolutionary Party, which later changed its name to the Party of the Mexican Revolution, and is now the Institutional Revolutionary Party (). From then until 1988, the PRI ruled Mexico as a virtual one-party state.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: Toward the end of his term, the incumbent president in consultation with party leaders, selected the PRI's candidate in the next election in a procedure known as "the tap of the finger" (). Until 1988, the PRI's candidate was virtually assured of election, winning by margins well over 70 percent of the vote.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: The 1917 Constitution borrowed heavily from the Constitution of the United States, providing for a clear separation of powers while giving the president wider powers than his American counterpart.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: With the democratic reforms of recent years and fairer elections, the president's powers have been limited in fact as well as in name. Vargas Llosa, during the Fox administration, called this new system "The Imperfect Democracy". The current rights and powers of the president of Mexico are established, limited and enumerated by Article 89 of the Constitution which include the following:

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: Upon taking office, the President raises his/her right arm to shoulder-level and takes the following oath:

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: In addition to the Presidential Sash, each president receives a Presidential Flag; the flag has imprinted the words Estados Unidos Mexicanos in golden letters and the national coat of arms also in gold.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: Article 84 of the Mexican Constitution states that "in case of absolute absence of a President" the following should happen:

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: No person who has already served as president, whether elected, provisional, interim, or substitute, can be designated as provisional, interim, or substitute president.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: The designation of the Secretary of the Interior as the immediate successor dates to August 2012, when the changes to the Constitution were published in the Official Diary.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: Former presidents of Mexico continue to carry the title "president" until death but are rarely referred by it; they are commonly called ex-presidents. They were also given protection by the former "Estado Mayor Presidencial". Prior to 2018, former presidents also received a lifetime pension, though they could refuse it, as Ernesto Zedillo did. However, the pensions were abolished and terminated in 2018.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: Along with Carlos Salinas de Gortari, three other surviving former presidents (Luis Echeverría, Vicente Fox, and Enrique Peña Nieto) still live in Mexico. On 30 June 2006, Echeverría was placed under house arrest under charges of genocide for his role as Secretary of the Interior during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. The house arrest was lifted in 2009.

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


President of Mexico

Context: , there were six living former presidents of Mexico. The most recent death of a former president was that of Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on 1 April 2012. The living former presidents, in order of service, are:

Question: ما اسم رئيس المكسيك لعام 2018 ؟


Leiden University

Context: Known for its historic foundations and emphasis on the social sciences, the university came into particular prominence during the Dutch Golden Age, when scholars from around Europe were attracted to the Dutch Republic due to its climate of intellectual tolerance and Leiden's international reputation. During this time, Leiden became the home to individuals such as René Descartes, Rembrandt, Christiaan Huygens, Hugo Grotius, Baruch Spinoza and Baron d'Holbach.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: The university has seven academic faculties and over fifty subject departments while housing more than 40 national and international research institutes. Its historical primary campus consists of buildings scattered across the college town of Leiden, while a second campus located in The Hague houses a liberal arts college and several of its faculties. It is a member of the Coimbra Group, the Europaeum, and a founding member of the League of European Research Universities.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: In 2005 the manuscript of Einstein on the quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas (the Einstein-Bose condensation) (condensate) was discovered in one of Leiden's libraries.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: The portraits of many famous professors since the earliest days hang in the university aula, one of the most memorable places, as Niebuhr called it, in the history of science.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: In 2012 Leiden entered into a strategic alliance with Delft University of Technology and Erasmus University Rotterdam in order for the universities to increase the quality of their research and teaching. The university is also the unofficial home of the Bilderberg Group, a meeting of high-level political and economic figures from North America and Europe.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: The university has no central campus; its buildings are spread over the city. Some buildings, like the Gravensteen, are very old, while buildings like Lipsius and Gorlaeus are much more modern.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: The Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs was established in 2011, together with the University College, and one of the largest programmes of the Faculty of Humanities, International Studies.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: The university is divided into seven major faculties which offer approximately 50 undergraduate degree programmes and over 100 graduate programmes.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: In addition, most departments, affiliated (research) institutes or faculties offer doctorate programmes or positions, leading to the PhD degree. Most of the PhD programmes offered by the university are concentrated in several research schools or institutes.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: <br>The Stevin Prize laureates who have achieved exceptional success in the area of knowledge exchange and impact for society include the following Leiden professors: health psychologist Andrea Evers, immunology technologist Ton Schumacher and psychologist Judi Mesman.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: <br>Among other leading professors are Wim Blockmans, professor of Medieval History, and Willem Adelaar, professor of Amerindian Languages.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: Kamerlingh Onnes was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1913. Three other professors received the Nobel Prize for their research performed at Universiteit Leiden: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman received the Nobel Prize for their pioneering work in the field of optical and electronic phenomena, and the physiologist Willem Einthoven for his invention of the string galvanometer, which among other things, enabled the development of electrocardiography.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: Nobel laureates associated with Leiden include: the physicists Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi and Paul Ehrenfest. Also: Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Tobias Asser, Albert Szent-Györgyi, Igor Tamm, Jan Tinbergen, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Tjalling Koopmans, Nicolaas Bloembergen and Niels Jerne.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Leiden University

Context: Other notable Leiden researchers were the Arabist and Islam expert Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, the law expert Cornelis van Vollenhoven and historian Johan Huizinga, all during the 1920s and 1930s.

Question: ما هي أقدم جامعات هولندا؟


Wind (spacecraft)

Context: The Global Geospace Science (GGS) Wind satellite is a NASA science spacecraft launched on 1 November 1994, at 09:31:00 UTC, from launch pad LC-17B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Merritt Island, Florida, aboard a McDonnell Douglas Delta II 7925-10 rocket. "Wind" was designed and manufactured by Martin Marietta Astro Space Division in East Windsor Township, New Jersey. The satellite is a spin-stabilized cylindrical satellite with a diameter of and a height of .

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار وويند الفضائي ؟


Wind (spacecraft)

Context: Mission operations are conducted from the Multi-Mission Operations Center (MMOC) in Building 14 at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار وويند الفضائي ؟


Wind (spacecraft)

Context: The aim of the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Science Initiative is to understand the behaviour of the solar-terrestrial plasma environment, in order to predict how the Earth's atmosphere will respond to changes in solar wind conditions. "Wind" objective is to measure the properties of the solar wind before it reaches the Earth.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار وويند الفضائي ؟


Wind (spacecraft)

Context: KONUS remains a very active partner in the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network (GCN) and the Interplanetary Network. Notifications of astrophysical transients are sent worldwide instantly from KONUS, and are of importance in the subsequent positioning of telescopes everywhere. Thus, the instrument remains an active contributor to the astrophysical community, for instance, with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory ("Swift" mission).

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار وويند الفضائي ؟


Wind (spacecraft)

Context: The Energetic Particles: Acceleration, Composition and Transport (EPACT) investigation consists of multiple telescopes including: the Low Energy Matrix Telescope (LEMT); SupraThermal Energetic Particle telescope (STEP); and ELectron-Isotope TElescope system (ELITE). ELITE is composed of two Alpha-Proton-Electron (APE) telescopes and an Isotope Telescope (IT).

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار وويند الفضائي ؟


Wind (spacecraft)

Context: The highest energy telescopes (APE and IT) failed early in the mission, though APE does two channels of ~5 and ~20 MeV protons but IT was turned off. However, LEMT (covering energies in the 1–10 MeV/nucl range) and STEP (measuring ions heavier than protons in the 20 keV–1 MeV/nucl range) still continue to provide valuable data.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار وويند الفضائي ؟


Wind (spacecraft)

Context: A comprehensive review of the contributions made by "Wind" to science was published in "Reviews of Geophysics" by and highlighted by the journal in an Editors' Vox on the Eos (magazine) website.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار وويند الفضائي ؟


Wind (spacecraft)

Context: For a complete list of refereed publications directly or indirectly using data from the "Wind" spacecraft, see https://wind.nasa.gov/bibliographies.php.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار وويند الفضائي ؟


List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry

Context: In 2020, Ioannidis et al. reported that half of the Nobel Prizes for science awarded between 1995-2017 were clustered in just a few disciplines within their broader fields. Atomic physics, particle physics, cell biology, and neuroscience dominated the two subjects outside chemistry, while molecular chemistry was the chief prize-winning discipline in its domain. Molecular chemists won 5.3% of all science Nobel Prizes during this period.

Question: من هو أول كيميائي حصل على جائزة نوبل للكيمياء ؟


List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry

Context: A. The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column. Where available, an image of each Nobel laureate is provided. For the official pictures provided by the Nobel Foundation, see the pages for each Nobel laureate at nobelprize.org.

Question: من هو أول كيميائي حصل على جائزة نوبل للكيمياء ؟


List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry

Context: B. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.

Question: من هو أول كيميائي حصل على جائزة نوبل للكيمياء ؟


List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry

Context: C. The citation for each award is quoted (not always in full) from nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. The links in this column are to articles (or sections of articles) on the history and areas of chemistry for which the awards were presented. The links are intended only as a guide and explanation. For a full account of the work done by each Nobel laureate, please see the biography articles linked from the name column.

Question: من هو أول كيميائي حصل على جائزة نوبل للكيمياء ؟


Nicholas II of Russia

Context: His paternal grandparents were Emperor Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna (née Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine). His maternal grandparents were King Christian IX and Queen Louise of Denmark. Nicholas was of primarily German and Danish descent, his last ethnically Russian ancestor being Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia (1708–1728), daughter of Peter the Great.

Question: من هو آخر الآباطرة الروس؟


Nicholas II of Russia

Context: That summer, Nicholas travelled to England to visit both Alix and the Queen. The visit coincided with the birth of the Duke and Duchess of York's first child, the future King Edward VIII. Along with being present at the christening, Nicholas and Alix were listed among the child's godparents. After several weeks in England, Nicholas returned home for the wedding of his sister, Xenia, to a cousin, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich ("Sandro").

Question: من هو آخر الآباطرة الروس؟


Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Leaving Livadia on 7 November, Tsar Alexander's funeral procession—which included Nicholas's maternal aunt through marriage and paternal first cousin once removed Queen Olga of Greece, and the Prince and Princess of Wales—arrived in Moscow. After lying in state in the Kremlin, the body of the Tsar was taken to St. Petersburg, where the funeral was held on 19 November.

Question: من هو آخر الآباطرة الروس؟


Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Although the addresses they had sent in beforehand were couched in mild and loyal terms, Nicholas was angry and ignored advice from an Imperial Family Council by saying to them:

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: On 26 May 1896, Nicholas's formal coronation as Tsar was held in Uspensky Cathedral located within the Kremlin.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: The first years of his reign saw little more than continuation and development of the policy pursued by Alexander III. Nicholas allotted money for the All-Russia exhibition of 1896. In 1897 restoration of gold standard by Sergei Witte, Minister of Finance, completed the series of financial reforms, initiated fifteen years earlier. By 1902 the Trans-Siberian Railway was nearing completion; this helped the Russians trade in the Far East but the railway still required huge amounts of work.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: His tolerance if not preference for charlatans and adventurers extended to grave matters of external policy, and his vacillating conduct and erratic decisions aroused misgivings and occasional alarm among his more conventional advisers. The foreign ministry itself was not a bastion of diplomatic expertise. Patronage and "connections" were the keys to appointment and promotion.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary paid a state visit in April 1897 that was a success. It produced a "gentlemen's agreement" to keep the status quo in the Balkans, and a somewhat similar commitment became applicable to Constantinople and the Straits. The result was years of peace that allowed for rapid economic growth.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Before the war in 1901, Nicholas told Prince Henry of Prussia "I do not want to seize Korea but under no circumstances can I allow Japan to become firmly established there. That will be a casus belli."

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: War began in February 1904 with a preemptive Japanese attack on the Russian fleet in Port Arthur, prior to a formal declaration of war.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: The official number of victims was 92 dead and several hundred wounded. Gapon vanished and the other leaders of the march were seized. Expelled from the capital, they circulated through the empire, increasing the casualties. As bullets riddled their icons, their banners and their portraits of Nicholas, the people shrieked, "The Tsar will not help us!" Outside Russia, the future British Labour Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald attacked the Tsar, calling him a "blood-stained creature and a common murderer".

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: From his hiding place Gapon issued a letter, stating "Nicholas Romanov, formerly Tsar and at present soul-murderer of the Russian empire. The innocent blood of workers, their wives and children lies forever between you and the Russian people ... May all the blood which must be spilled fall upon you, you Hangman. I call upon all the socialist parties of Russia to come to an immediate agreement among themselves and bring an armed uprising against Tsarism."

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Confronted with growing opposition and after consulting with Witte and Prince Sviatopolk-Mirsky, the Tsar issued a reform ukase on 25 December 1904 with vague promises.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: For the next six months, Witte was the Prime Minister. According to Harold Williams: "That government was almost paralyzed from the beginning." On 26 October (O.S.) the Tsar appointed Trepov Master of the Palace (without consulting Witte), and had daily contact with the Emperor; his influence at court was paramount. On 1 November 1905 (O.S.), Princess Milica of Montenegro presented Grigori Rasputin to Tsar Nicholas and his wife (who by then had a hemophiliac son) at Peterhof Palace.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Nicholas's relations with the Duma were poor. The First Duma, with a majority of Kadets, almost immediately came into conflict with him. Scarcely had the 524 members sat down at the Tauride Palace when they formulated an 'Address to the Throne'. It demanded universal suffrage, radical land reform, the release of all political prisoners and the dismissal of ministers appointed by the Tsar in favour of ministers acceptable to the Duma. Grand Duchess Olga, Nicholas's sister, later wrote:

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Minister of the Court Count Vladimir Frederiks commented, "The Deputies, they give one the impression of a gang of criminals who are only waiting for the signal to throw themselves upon the ministers and cut their throats. I will never again set foot among those people." The Dowager Empress noticed "incomprehensible hatred."

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: A second Duma met for the first time in February 1907. The leftist parties—including the Social Democrats and the Social Revolutionaries, who had boycotted the First Duma—had won 200 seats in the Second, more than a third of the membership. Again Nicholas waited impatiently to rid himself of the Duma. In two letters to his mother he let his bitterness flow:

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: By the time of Stolypin's assassination in September 1911, Stolypin had grown weary of the burdens of office. For a man who preferred clear decisive action, working with a sovereign who believed in fatalism and mysticism was frustrating. As an example, Nicholas once returned a document unsigned with the note:

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: In 1912, a fourth Duma was elected with almost the same membership as the third. "The Duma started too fast. Now it is slower, but better, and more lasting," stated Nicholas to Sir Bernard Pares.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Before Rasputin's arrival, the tsarina and the tsar had consulted numerous mystics, charlatans, "holy fools", and miracle workers. The royal behavior was not some odd aberration, but a deliberate retreat from the secular social and economic forces of his time – an act of faith and vote of confidence in a spiritual past. They had set themselves up for the greatest spiritual advisor and manipulator in Russian history.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: In February 1913, Nicholas presided over the tercentenary celebrations for the Romanov Dynasty. On 21 February, a "Te Deum" took place at Kazan Cathedral, and a state reception at the Winter Palace. In May, Nicholas and the imperial family made a pilgrimage across the empire, retracing the route down the Volga River that was made by the teenage Michael Romanov from the Ipatiev Monastery in Kostroma to Moscow in 1613 when he finally agreed to become Tsar.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Ideologically the tsar's greatest support came from the right-wing monarchists, who had recently gained strength. However they were increasingly alienated by the tsar's support of Stolypin's Westernizing reforms taken early in the Revolution of 1905 and especially by the political power the tsar had bestowed on Rasputin.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: By early 1917, Russia was on the verge of total collapse of morale. An estimated 1.7 million Russian soldiers were killed in World War I. The sense of failure and imminent disaster was everywhere. The army had taken 15 million men from the farms and food prices had soared. An egg cost four times what it had in 1914, butter five times as much. The severe winter dealt the railways, overburdened by emergency shipments of coal and supplies, a crippling blow.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: On 23 February 1917 in Petrograd, a combination of very severe cold weather and acute food shortages caused people to break into shops and bakeries to get bread and other necessities. In the streets, red banners appeared and the crowds chanted "Down with the German woman! Down with Protopopov! Down with the war! Down with the Tsar!"

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Police shot at the populace which incited riots. The troops in the capital were poorly motivated and their officers had no reason to be loyal to the regime, with the bulk of the tsar's loyalists away fighting World War I. In contrast, the soldiers in Petrograd were angry, full of revolutionary fervor and sided with the populace.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Order broke down and members of the Duma and the Soviet formed a Provisional Government to try to restore order. They issued a demand that Nicholas must abdicate. Faced with this demand, which was echoed by his generals, deprived of loyal troops, with his family firmly in the hands of the Provisional Government, and fearful of unleashing civil war and opening the way for German conquest, Nicholas had little choice but to submit.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: The French government declined to accept the Romanovs in view of increasing unrest on the Western Front and on the home front as a result of the ongoing war with Germany. The British ambassador in Paris, Lord Francis Bertie, advised the Foreign Secretary that the Romanovs would be unwelcome in France as the ex-Empress was regarded as pro-German.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: Present with Nicholas, Alexandra and their children were their doctor and three of their servants, who had voluntarily chosen to remain with the family: the Tsar's personal physician Eugene Botkin, his wife's maid Anna Demidova, and the family's chef, Ivan Kharitonov, and footman, Alexei Trupp. A firing squad had been assembled and was waiting in an adjoining room, composed of seven Communist soldiers from Central Europe, and three local Bolsheviks, all under the command of Yurovsky.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: An announcement from the Presidium of the Ural Regional Soviet of the Workers' and Peasants' Government emphasized that conspiracies had been exposed to free the ex-tsar, that counter-revolutionary forces were pressing in on Soviet Russian territory, and that the ex-tsar was guilty of unforgivable crimes against the nation.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: The bodies were driven to nearby woodland, searched and burned. The remains were soaked in acid and finally thrown down a disused mineshaft. On the following day, other members of the Romanov family including Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, the empress's sister, who were being held in a school at Alapayevsk, were taken to another mine shaft and thrown in alive, except for Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich who was shot when he tried to resist.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: In July 2007, an amateur historian discovered bones near Yekaterinburg belonging to a boy and young woman.

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Nicholas II of Russia

Context: After the DNA testing of 1998, the remains of the Emperor and his immediate family were interred at St. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, on 17 July 1998, on the eightieth anniversary of their assassination. The ceremony was attended by Russian President Boris Yeltsin, who said, "Today is a historic day for Russia. For many years, we kept quiet about this monstrous crime, but the truth has to be spoken."

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