Rosatom

Context: As of February 2021, the total portfolio orders of Rosatom reached $250 billion. According to the 2020 corporate report, its 10-year foreign order portfolio stood at $138.3 billion, while revenue reached $7.5 billion. The 10-year order portfolio for new products stood at ₽1,602.1 billion while revenue reached ₽261.1 billion.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Several Soviet and Russian government entities with different tasks are among the Rosatom predecessors. On June 26, 1953, the Council of Ministers transformed the First Main Directorate in charge of nuclear weapons program into the Ministry of Medium Machine Building (MinSredMash). The ministry was entrusted with the development of the civic nuclear power program. In 1989, Minsredmash and the Ministry of Atomic Energy merged to form the Ministry of Nuclear Engineering and Industry of the USSR.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: On 1 December 2007, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law adopted by the Federal Assembly under which the Federal Atomic Energy Agency were to be abolished, and its powers and assets were to be transferred to the newly created "State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom." On 12 December of the same year, the agency transformed into a state corporation.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: On 28 June 2017, "The Financial Times" criticized Rosatom for lack of transparency regarding an alleged expansionist agenda through its role as a "Kremlin-controlled company". On 20 March 2018, this criticism was underlined by the Bellona Foundation, who focused on the scarce data available on Rosatom's progress in Sudan.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: On 20 August 2020, Rosatom marked the 75th anniversary of the Russian nuclear industry. As part of the celebration, Rosatom launched its rebranding campaign “United Rosatom,” which made subsidiaries in the nuclear industry utilize the Rosatom's Moebius strip logo. In 2020, Rosatom set a goal of tripling its revenue to ₽4 trillion by 2030, 40% of which is set to come from new lines of business, with primarily focus on sustainable tech.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The holding company of the Rosatom mining division is JSC Atomredmetzoloto, which consolidates Russian uranium mining assets. Key daughter companies include JSC Khiagda and JSC Dalur.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Uranium One is a separate global mining company that operates directly under Rosatom with a diverse portfolio of assets in Kazakhstan, USA and Tanzania.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company of the Rosatom fuel division is JSC TVEL, which is a leading organization on the global nuclear fuel cycle front-end market and the only supplier of nuclear fuel for Russian NPPs and the nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Key daughter companies include Bochvar National Research Institute for Inorganic Materials, Siberian Chemical Combine, and Chepetskiy Mechanical Plant.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The division's tasks include the fabrication of nuclear fuel, conversion and enrichment of uranium, and the production of gas centrifuges.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Nuclear fuel is produced at Rosatom’s Machine-building plant (JSC MSZ) and Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant (JSC NCCP). The plants produce UO2-based (enriched fresh and reprocessed uranium) nuclear fuel for all models of Russian power and research reactors, as well as for many foreign power and research reactor models and for Russian ship-based power installations. The development of accident tolerant fuel for VVER and PWR reactors has now entered the stage of testing.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: SNF reprocessing is carried out at the Mayak Production Association at the RT-1 plant. The plant is currently processing the spent nuclear fuel (of various compositions) from power reactors (BN-350, VVER-440, BN-600, RBMK-1000, VVER-1000; BN-MOX), from the research reactors of Russian and foreign scientific centres, and from the reactors of submarine and surface naval fleet transport power plants.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is JSC Atomenergomash. It is one of Russia’s largest groups of mechanical engineering enterprises offering a full range of solutions for the design, manufacture and supply of equipment for the nuclear power industry. The division comprises more than 10 production sites, including production enterprises, engineering centers and research organizations in Russia, Ukraine, Czechia, and Hungary.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: According to the group's own data, 14% of nuclear power plants in the world and 40% of thermal power stations in the CIS and the Baltic states use the holding equipment. In addition, the division is the largest producer of equipment for the VVER reactor and the world's only producer of the fast-neutron reactor (BN reactor). Its enterprises are also responsible for design and manufacturing of reactors for SMR nuclear power plants, both onshore and offshore, as well as nuclear icebreakers.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Key daughter companies include OKB Gidropress, OKBM Afrikantov, JSC Machine-Building Factory of Podolsk, and AEM-technology.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is JSC ASE EC, which has extensive capabilities for managing the construction of complex engineering facilities. The main business areas of the division include design and construction of large NPPs in Russia and abroad, and developing digital technologies for managing complex engineering facilities based on the Multi-D platform.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Key companies include JSC Atomenergoproekt, and JSC ATOMPROEKT. In February 2022, the new company JS Rusatom Energy Projects was founded for international promotion, Andrey Rozhdestvin, former head of Rosatom Western Europe, was appointed CEO of the new company.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is JSC Rosenergoatom. It is the only NPP operator in Russia and a key player in the Russian electricity market. Its main business areas include power and heat generation at NPPs and acting as the operator of nuclear facilities (nuclear power plants), radiation sources and facilities storing nuclear materials and radioactive substances

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Key companies include all Russian NPPs, JSC AtomEnergoRemont, JSC AtomEnergoSbyt, and TITAN-2 construction holding.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is JSC Federal Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety. It is dedicated to a centralized system for management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste, as well as decommissioning of hazardous nuclear and radiological facilities.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is JSC Science and Innovations. Key companies include Russian Scientific Center (RSC) – A.I. Leipunskiy IPPE, NII NPO Luch, and the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The development of the Northern Sea Route has become a Rosatom priority after the company was appointed its infrastructure operator in late 2018. Rosatom seeks to organize ship navigation within the NSR, develop the infrastructure of seaports, including energy, create a navigation safety system, as well as navigational and hydrographic support. In addition, several Rosatom entities are involved in the development of international transit sea freight traffic along the Northern Sea Transit Corridor.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: In 2017, Rosatom decided to invest in wind turbine manufacturing, believing that rapid cost reductions in the renewable industry will become a competitive threat to nuclear power. Russia had recently offered subsidies for domestically-built renewable technology.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is JSC NovaWind. This Rosatom's division concentrates its efforts in advanced areas of wind energy generation technology.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is JSC Rusatom Healthcare. It has been historically developed at various enterprises of the Russian nuclear industry. In 2017, Rosatom established the division to bring together assets and expertise in healthcare. The nuclear medicine division is in charge of nuclear medicine, manufacturing and distribution of radioisotope products and radiation sterilisation equipment, as well as creation of integrated turnkey solutions for medicine.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Key companies include JSC Isotope and NIITFA. In February 2022, Rusatom Healthcare acquired 25,001% of shares of Medscan group, the rest of shares still being hold by its major shareholder, Yevgeny Tugolukov.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is JSC UMATEX, which is engaged in production of carbon fiber and fiber-based items, as well as R&D and engineering support to its partners.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is the Digitalization Unit of Rosatom, which is engaged in solving tasks in three main areas:

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The participation in the digitalization of Russia, as Rosatom is the center of competences of the Federal Project Digital Technologies within the National Program Digital Economy.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The internal digitalization of the Russian nuclear industry, making it independent from foreign technologies in critical areas.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is Rusatom Additive Technologies. It connects together the scientific and production companies of Rosatom in order to develop the area of additive production in Russia. It controls design and production of 3D-printers, additive powders, complete sets, software, and 3D-printing services.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is LLC RENERA, which is engaged in the development of lithium-ion traction batteries for electric transport and fixed systems for energy accumulation, as well as products for emergency and uninterruptible power supply and storage systems for renewable energy.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The managing company is JSC Rusatom Automated Control Systems. It builds comprehensive solutions for automation of production processes, manufactures and supplies electrical equipment, designs and constructs electricity supply facilities.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The management company Rosenergoatom operates all of Russia's nuclear power plants and represents the electric power division of the state corporation Rosatom. As of April 2021, 11 nuclear power plants (38 power units) operated in Russia with a total capacity of 30.5 GW, producing about 20.28% of all electricity produced in Russia.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Rosatom is one of the world leaders in the number of simultaneously constructed power units. As of late 2021, Rosatom is building two new power units in Russia at Kursk Nuclear Power Plant II, and there are 35 power units at different stages of implementation abroad. Construction of a nuclear power plant in Kaliningrad started on 25 February 2010, but was suspended for the project to be redesigned.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: There are also plans to build two more units at Leningrad NPP, two units at Smolensk NPP, two more units at Novovoronezh NPP and two more units at Kursk NPP. In mid-June 2021, Rosatom announced that two 600 MW VVER reactors will be added to Kola NPP with the first coming online in 2034. In early June 2021, construction of the BREST-OD-300 reactor started. It will be the world's first experimental demonstration power unit featuring a lead-cooled fast neutron reactor.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Rosatom offers land, water, and submarine versions of the small modular reactor “Shelf” for consumers in the ≤ 10 MW power range. The company also developed the SVBR-100 lead-bismuth fast reactor for consumers in the ≤ 100 MW power range, though the latter project is currently frozen.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Rosatom provides support to its foreign partners in the creation of nuclear science and technology centres, including scientific laboratories and research reactors. The company is currently building the first centre of such type in Bolivia, which will be commissioned in 2024. Another contract to build similar facilities in Zambia was signed in 2018.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: In 2018, Rosatom adopted a long-term strategy through year 2100, for the development of nuclear energy in accordance with the following goals:

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Since 2008, the structure of Rosatom includes the Russian nuclear icebreaker fleet, which is the largest in the world with five nuclear-powered icebreakers , a container ship, and four service vessels. Its tasks include navigation on the routes of the Northern Sea Route and rescue operations in ice. Operation and maintenance of the fleet is carried out by FSUE Atomflot, also known as Rosatomflot, a company based in Murmansk.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The highest executive body of Rosatom is the Supervisory Board, consisting of nine people, including the chairman. The board is headed since 2005 by chairman Sergey Kiriyenko. Other Board members are:

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: Strategies, policies and objectives of Rosatom are established by its Management Board, consisting of fourteen people, including the General Director. The board is headed since 2016 by General Director Alexey Likhachev.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The sole executive body of Rosatom is the General Director, who manages the day-to-day operations. Sergey Kiriyenko, who headed the Russian nuclear industry in 2005, became general director of Rosatom since its creation until he got replaced in October 5, 2016 by Alexey Likhachev, former Deputy Minister for Economic Development.

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Rosatom

Context: The Public Council of Rosatom works with civic organizations to utilize nuclear power, protect the environment, and ensure nuclear and radiation safety. Objectives of the council are:

Question: Как называется самый крупный комбинат Томска на март 2019?


Women in government

Context: In many countries, women have been underrepresented in the government and different institutions. This historical tendency still persists, although women are increasingly being elected to be heads of state and government.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: As of October 2019, the global participation rate of women in national-level parliaments is 24.5%. In 2013, women accounted for 8% of all national leaders and 2% of all presidential posts. Furthermore, 75% of all female prime ministers and presidents have taken office in the past two decades.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Women may face a number of challenges that affect their ability to participate in political life and become political leaders. Several countries are exploring measures that may increase women's participation in government at all levels, from the local to the national and international. However, more women are pursuing leadership positions in the present day.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Individual female executives usually have high levels of education and may have close relationships with politically prominent or upper-class families. The general status of women in a country does not predict if a woman will reach an executive position since, paradoxically, female executives have routinely ascended to power in countries where women's social standing lags behind men's.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Women have long struggled in more developed countries to become president or prime minister. Israel elected its first female prime minister in 1969 but has never done so again. The United States, on the other hand, has had no female presidents.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In 2021 Estonia became the first country to have both a female elected head of state and elected head of government.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: (If you only consider countries where the head of state is directly elected, then the first country to have both an elected female head of state and an elected female head of government is Moldova, also in 2021).

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Out of 192 countries listed in descending order by the percentage of women in the lower or single house, the top 20 countries with the greatest representation of women in national parliaments are (figures reflect information as of January 1, 2020; a – represents a unicameral legislature with no upper house):

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: New figures are available for up to February 2014 from International IDEA, Stockholm University and Inter-Parliamentary Union.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: , Cuba has the highest percentage for countries without a quota. In South Asia, Nepal is highest in the rank of women participation in politics with (33%). Among East Asian countries, Taiwan has the highest percentage of women in Parliament (38.0%).

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In 1995, the United Nations set a goal of 30% female representation. The current annual growth rate of women in national parliaments is about 0.5% worldwide. At this rate, gender parity in national legislatures will not be achieved until 2068.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In Brazil, the Secretariat of Policies for Women, was until recently the main Brazilian state-feminism agency at the federal level. Under Workers' Party governments (2003-2016), Brazil carried out women-focused policies in three dimensions of its foreign policy: diplomacy, development cooperation, and security.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In Ireland, Ann Marie O'Brien has studied the women in the Irish Department of External Affairs associated with the League of Nations and United Nations, 1923–1976. She finds that women had greater opportunities at the UN.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: A 2003 survey conducted by United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), a global network supporting inclusive local governments, found that the average proportion of women in local council was 15%. In leadership positions, the proportion of women was lower: for instance, 5% of mayors of Latin American municipalities are women.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: There has been an increasing focus on women's representation at a local level. Most of this research is focused on developing countries. Governmental decentralization often results in local government structures that are more open to the participation of women, both as elected local councilors and as the clients of local government services.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: According to a comparative study of women in local governments in East Asia and the Pacific, women have been more successful in reaching decision-making position in local governments than at the national level. Local governments tend to be more accessible and have more available positions. Also, women's role in local governments may be more accepted because they are seen as an extension of their involvement in the community.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Some have argued that politics is a "matrix of domination" designed by race, class, gender and sexuality. Intersectionality plays a large role in treatment women face when running for political office and their time serving in a political position. One study in Brazil found racial disparities that fall even heavier on women candidates during candidate recruitment and selection processes. Afro-descendant Brazilian women were the most disadvantaged when running for political office.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Gender inequality within families, inequitable division of labor within households, and cultural attitudes about gender roles further subjugate women and serve to limit their representation in public life. Societies that are highly patriarchal often have local power structures that make it difficult for women to combat. Thus, their interests are often not represented or under-represented.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In the US, many voters assume men and women possess traits that reflect the stereotypes they believe. Many assume women candidates are too emotional, more willing to give-in or compromise, under-qualified, and more gentle. These notions often affect women negatively, as people often believe that many women should not be running for office because of these candidate stereotypes.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: A 2017 study found that female Republican candidates fare worse in elections than Republican men and Democratic women.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: A 2020 study found that being promoted to the position of mayor or parliamentarian doubles the probability of divorce for women, but not for men.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Within Quebec itself, Don McPherson pointed out that Pinard himself has enjoyed greater electoral success with Pauline Marois as party leader than under a previous male party leader, when Pinard failed to be elected in his riding. Demographically, Pinard's electoral riding is rural, with "relatively older, less-well educated voters".

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Mirror representation stems from the barriers female political candidates often face. These include sex stereotyping, political socialization, lack of preparation for political activity, and balancing work and family. In the media, women are often asked how they would balance the responsibilities of elected office with those to their families, something men are never asked.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Lack of media support: The qualitative and quantitative study reveals that media reflects and strengthens a male-overwhelmed society. Women in the news is usually for bad news and just for all the vulgar or wrong reasons such as about their looks, personal life and their clothes and characters. Media likes to give more updates about all these above examples instead of their actual politics role and achievements

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Generally, girls tend to see politics as a "male domain". Newman and White suggest that women who run for political office have been "socialized toward an interest in and life in politics" and that "many female politicians report being born into political families with weak gender-role norms."

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Lack of preparation for political activity: An aftereffect of political socialization is that it determines how inclined women are to pursue careers that may be compatible with formal politics. Careers in law, business, education, and government, professions in which women happen to be minorities, are common occupations for those that later decide to enter public office.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The first government organization formed with the goal of women's equality was the Zhenotdel, in Soviet Russia in the 1920s.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Women with formal education (at any level) are more likely to delay marriage and subsequent childbirth, be better informed about infant and child nutrition, and ensure childhood immunization. Children of mothers with formal education are better nourished and have higher survival rates. Education is a vital tool for any person in society to better themselves in their career path, and equalization of educational opportunities for boys and girls may take the form of several initiatives:

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Mark P. Jones, in reference to Norris's "Legislative Recruitment", states that: "Unlike other factors that have been identified as influencing the level of women's legislative representation, such as a country's political culture and level of economic development, institutional rules are relatively easy to change".

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In an article about the exclusion of Women from politics in southern Africa, Amanda Gouws said "The biggest hurdles to overcome for women are still on the local level where both men and women are often recruited from the communities and have limited political skills". The level of education in these local governments or, for that matter, the people in those positions of power, are substandard.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Quotas may be utilized during different stages of the political nomination/selection process to address different junctures at which women may be inherently disadvantaged:

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Legislative agendas, some pushed by female political figures, may focus on several key issues to address ongoing gender disparities:

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Sex-responsive budgets address the needs and interests of different individuals and social groups, maintaining awareness of sexual equality issues within the formation of policies and budgets. Such budgets are not necessarily a 50–50 male-female split, but accurately reflect the needs of each sex (such as increased allocation for women's reproductive health). Benefits of gender-responsive budgets include:

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Though the representation has become a much larger picture, it is important to notice the inclination of political activity emphasizing women over the years in different countries. "Although women's representation in Latin America, Africa, and the West progressed slowly until 1995, in the most recent decade, these regions show substantial growth, doubling their previous percentage".

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: A 2018 study in the "American Economic Journal: Economic Policy" found that for German local elections "female council candidates advance more from their initial list rank when the mayor is female. This effect spreads to neighboring municipalities and leads to a rising share of female council members."

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Women being increasingly represented in legislatures and having more political power in general creates various different effects. Women often bring different experiences, attitudes and resources that greatly affect legislation, party agendas, and constituency service.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The evidence that women in power have a positive influence is also highlighted by Iyer at al. through their paper on how political representation of women led to higher rates of crime reporting. They also find that women are willing to report crime in villages with female representation in the council. Moreover, the police force is more responsive to crimes against women in areas which have gender-based affirmative action policies.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: One study found that about 9% more federal spending is brought to districts who are represented by a woman as opposed to a man. The study found that the type of women who tend to get elected are often "better" politicians because of the way they have to outperform men to be elected into office.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: One study found that in Argentina, bills involving women's rights regarding violence against women, sexual harassment, reproduction, and gender quotas were more introduced more when more women were in chambers.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Indigenous people, women in particular, are grossly underrepresented in Australian Parliament. Since Federation in 1901, there have been 40 Indigenous Australians involved in any Parliament (sixteen women) and eight in the Federal Parliament (four women). Following are some notable figures:

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Bertha Lutz was the founding mother of the Brazilian woman suffrage movement. In 1919 she founded the League for Intellectual Emancipation of Women. Lutz also created the Brazilian Federation for Women's Progress (1922), a political group which advocated for Brazilian women's rights, most importantly, their right to vote. She later played a central role as a member of the small group of feminists at the 1945 founding of the United Nations.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The male-heavy politics amidst the favorable women's right protection in China can be examined from the following underlying causes:

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Following the 2019 elections, the 17th Lok Sabha has the highest ever representation of women at 14.3%, which includes 78 women MPs out of 543, higher than 62 in 2014. But only 6 women became cabinet ministers, lower than 10 in 2014.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The local panchayat system in India provides an example of women's representation at the local governmental level. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in 1992 mandated panchayat elections throughout the country. The reforms reserved 33% of the seats for women and for castes and tribes proportional to their population. Over 700,000 women were elected after the reforms were implemented in April 1993.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In 1990, Mary Robinson was elected as the first female President of Ireland. The second female head of state, Mary McAleese, was president between 1997 and 2011.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The first woman elected to the Dáil was Constance Markievicz in 1918. (Directly prior to this, in the general election of 1918, she became the first woman elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. In line with Sinn Féin abstentionist policy she did not take her seat there).She was appointed Minister for Labour in 1919, the first woman Cabinet minister in Western Europe.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Six decades with all-male Cabinets would elapse before the appointment of the next woman minister in 1979, Máire Geoghegan-Quinn.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Between 1919 and 2019, 19 women served as Cabinet ministers in Ireland, comprising 10% of those who have held senior ministerial positions.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: As yet, the highest office attained by women is Tánaiste, that is, deputy prime minister. Four women have served as Tánaiste—Mary Harney (1997-2006), Mary Coughlan (2008-2011), Joan Burton (2014-2016) and Frances Fitzgerald (2016-2017).

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Following the 2011 Irish general election and a re-shuffle in 2014, four women were appointed cabinet ministers (the highest number of women in senior ministerial positions ever in Ireland): Joan Burton, Frances Fitzgerald, Jan O'Sullivan and Heather Humphries.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Women remain a small minority of political office-holders in Ireland. The main factors are the role of traditional Catholicism in Irish political culture and the role of localism in party politics. Ann Marie O'Brien has studied the women in the Irish Department of External Affairs associated with the League of Nations and United Nations, 1923–1976. She finds that women had greater opportunities at the UN.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Following Micheál Martin's appointment as Taoiseach in June 2020, after the formation of a Fianna Fáil, Green Party and Fine Gael coalition, Sinn Féin's president Mary Lou McDonald became Leader of the Opposition. She is the first woman to occupy that position and the first to come from a party other than Fianna Fáil or Fine Gael since the Labour Party's Thomas Johnson in 1927.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Since the founding of the State of Israel, relatively few women have served in the Israeli government, and fewer still have served in the leading ministerial offices. While Israel is one of a small number of countries where a woman—Golda Meir—has served as prime minister, it is behind most Western countries in the representation of women in both the parliament and government.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Japan ranks 127 in the world for the number of women in national parliamentary worldwide as of March 2014, which is lower than their ranking of 122 in 2013. As of February 28, 2013, there are a total of 39 women in the House of Representatives out of 479 incumbents.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Since the enactment of the modern Japanese Constitution in 1947, Japanese women have been given the right to vote, and the new version of the constitution also allows for a more democratic form of government that guarantees women equality under the law.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: As for the future of women in politics in Japan, Prime Minister Shinzō Abe announced in his speech at the Japan National Press Club on April 19, 2013, that a major goal of his national growth strategy is "having no less than 30 per cent of leadership positions in all areas of society filled by women by 2020."

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Lebanese women are considered to have more rights and freedom compared to other women in the Gulf and Middle East. Lebanese women enjoy almost equal civil rights as men. However, due to the large number of officially recognized religions in Lebanon, Lebanese family matters are governed by at least 15 personal statute codes. Lebanese women have legal protection that varies depending on their religion.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Local and regional NGOs have helped to increase awareness of violence against women in Lebanon. Government policies regarding this are poor however, and attempts to improve this area have been met with resistance. Lebanon's laws do not recognize the concept of spousal rape, and attempts to add this to law have been attacked by Lebanese clerics.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Aung Sang Suu Kyi is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (1991). She is the "de facto" head of the government of Myanmar since 2016. She remained under house arrest for almost 15 years from 1989 to 2010, becoming one of the world's most prominent political prisoners.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Although she was prohibited from becoming the president due to a clause in the constitution – her late husband and children are foreign citizens – she assumed the newly created role of State Counsellor, a role akin to a Prime Minister or a head of government. Incumbent president Win Myint is seen as an important ally and placeholder for Aung San Suu Kyi.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: On 1 February 2021, Aung San Suu Kyi was arrested by the military during the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état after it declared the November 2020 Myanmar general election results fraudulent.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In 2016, the Dutch government achieved their goal for women in top jobs within the government. A 30% female share was achieved two years earlier than anticipated.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Meanwhile, women's quota received a fair share of criticism. It has been argued that women should be employed based on their own qualities, not because of their gender.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In 1893, New Zealand became the first self-governing country in the world to allow women to vote. This included both European and Māori women. Elizabeth Yates became the first female mayor in the British Empire in 1893. However, it was not until 1919 that women were allowed to run for Parliament, and Elizabeth McCombs became the first women elected to the Parliament in 1933.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In the early twentieth-century party leaders—all of them men—were reluctant to allow women rights beyond basic suffrage, but wartime sped up change. By 1972, the Second Wave of Feminism and the changing attitudes of some party leaders resulted in women gaining more opportunities to become MPs and by 2001 an unprecedented number of women held leadership positions in the New Zealand Parliament.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In recent times New Zealand has had many women in top leadership and government roles including the current Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern. New Zealand has a gender pay gap of 9.5%.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The 2020 Singapore general election saw a record number of women become lawmakers in Singapore's Parliament. 27 out of 93 seats (29%) for elected Members of Parliament went to women, compared to 21 out of 89 (24%) seats in the 2015 general election. One of the two Non-constituency MP seats has also been taken up by a woman.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: On June 6, 2018, Pedro Sánchez, the leader of the Spanish Socialist Party, presented his cabinet which included eleven women and six men, making it the cabinet with the highest proportion of women in the world at the time. This proportion was increased after a cabinet reshuffle on 12 July 2021.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: While women have served in every Sri Lankan parliament to date, proportions have been low. Adeline Molamure became the first female parliamentarian when she was elected in 1931. Molamure went onto serve as the Deputy President of the Ceylonese Senate. The first woman minister in Sri Lankan history was Vimala Wijewardene when she served as Minister of Health, first appointed in 1956.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga held the post of Prime Minister, as deputy head of government for two months, before successfully contesting the 1994 Sri Lankan presidential election, becoming the nation's first female head of state. Kumaratunga also appointed Sirima Bandaranaike as Prime Minister, marking the first time a woman succeeded a woman as prime minister, and the first time any nation in the world had a female President and Prime Minister.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Sri Lanka has seen a multitude of female Cabinet ministers. The current health minister, Pavithra Devi Wanniarachchi has received accolades for her handling of the COVID-19 situation in Sri Lanka.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The constitution, adopted in 1947, protected female candidates in elections during the Mainland Period. Article 134 states: "In the various kinds of elections, quotas of successful candidates shall be assigned to women; methods of implementation shall be prescribed by law". The female representation rate in the Legislative Yuan and local councils has steadily increased above 30%.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Yingluck Shinawatra, who was elected as 28th Prime minister of Thailand in 2011, became the Thailand's first female Prime Minister and its youngest in over 60 years. She was removed from office on 7 May 2014 by a constitutional court decision. Sudarat Keyuraphan is a female politician in Thailand. She is the chairwoman of Pheu Thai Party's strategic committee. She held various positions in the cabinet and served multiple terms as a Member of National Assembly of Thailand.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Tansu Çiller, a career professor of economics since 1983, entered politics in November 1990, joining the conservative True Path Party (DYP). On June 13, 1993, she was elected the party's leader, and on 25 June the same year, Çiller was appointed the prime minister of a coalition government, becoming Turkey's first and only female prime minister to date. She served at this post until 6 March 1996.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The office of Prime Minister was abolished in Turkey in 2018. However, since 1995, the number of women in the parliament has been continually on the rise. Female representation rate did not fall below 10 percent after the 2007 elections.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Turkey's first female governor was Lale Aytaman. Aytaman, who served as the governor of Muğla between 1991 and 1995, was appointed to this position by President Turgut Özal. Meanwhile, Turkey's first female district governor is Özlem Bozkurt Gevrek. She served in the Orta district of Çankırı in 1995. After these years, the number of female governors and district governors increased rapidly.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Nicola Sturgeon is the first woman First Minister of Scotland (2014–present). Arlene Foster served as First Minister of Northern Ireland (2016–2017 and 2020–2021). In the devolved legislatures of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the proportion of women members is 47% in Wales and 36% in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In local councils the proportion of women councillors is 36% in England, 29% in Scotland, 28% in Wales and 26% in Northern Ireland. 40% of members of the London Assembly are women.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Women secured officeholding rights in the United States in a piecemeal fashion. Some women were even able to achieve positions in offices like mayor, notary public, state librarian, and others before the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, which gave women the right to vote.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Although the number of women in government in the US has grown, they still hold less than 25% of government positions nationwide. Steinhauer notes that in Congress, both in the Senate and the House of Representatives, women historically and currently are under represented. No political gender quotas exist, mandatory or voluntary.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: From 1917, when Representative Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman to serve in Congress, to the 115th congress, a total of 329 women have served as U.S. Representatives, Delegates, or Senators. Between 1917 and 2018, the United States has had 277 women serve in the House of Representatives. From 1922—when Rebecca Latimer Felton became the first woman to serve in the Senate—to the present, 58 women have served in the United States Senate.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In the 115th Congress, 107 (78D, 29R) women hold seats in the United States Congress, comprising 20.0% of the 535 members; 23 women (23%) serve in the U.S. Senate, and 84 women (19.3%) serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The United States is one of the shrinking number of industrialized democracies to not have yet had a woman as its leader. Although a country which promotes the rights of women and girls around the world, it is conspicuous for having only male presidents.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Women have served as mayors in the United States since the late nineteenth century and as state governors since 1925. In 2008, the New Hampshire State Senate became the first state legislature upper house to possess an elected female majority.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In 2019, the Nevada Legislature became the first state to have a state legislature composed of a female majority.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In popular media in the United States, female politicians see some focus on their appearance; more so than their male counterparts. A 2011 feminist journal by Carlin and Winfrey focuses on the portrayal of female politicians in the media. According to the journal, the way media perceives women and men is very distinct in the language they chose to use. The language chosen to talk or describe other people can either hurt or help them in a political campaign. As a result of

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: A 2016 study found no evidence that the low share of women in the U.S. House of Representative was due to gender discrimination by voters. According to the author of the study, "these results suggest that the deficit of female representation in the House is more likely the result of barriers to entering politics as opposed to overt gender discrimination by voters and campaign donors."

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: A 2017 study found that over the prior decade, public opposition to electing a woman as president declined from approximately 26% to 13%.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: A 2018 study in the "American Political Science Review" did not find evidence that American voters were outright hostile to women in politics or that they held double standards. The study did however find that American voters preferred candidates who were married and had children. Since the burdens of child-rearing disproportionately fall on women in households, the bias in favor of married candidates with children may explain women's underrepresentation in politics.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Nevertheless, the year 2018 saw the largest increase in female representation in state governments following a decade of stagnation: 1,834 women won office at the state and federal level during the mid-term elections, 2,112 women got seats in state legislative offices, and six women have launched campaigns for the highest office in the land.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In 2021, a quarter of all members in Congress were women, the highest percentage in US history. 27% of the House of Representatives are women, while women hold 24 out of 100 seats in the Senate.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: According to a survey administered to 1,039 U.S. citizens, the number of women who hold a position in government office could be due to a baseline preference of one sex over another. The results show that 60% of respondents have a baseline gender preference for a male candidate, while 40% prefer a female candidate.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Women have been notably in fewer numbers in the executive branch of government. The gender gap has been closing, however, albeit slowly, and they are still underrepresented.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The first women, other than female hereditary rulers, to hold head of state positions were in socialist countries. Khertek Anchimaa-Toka led the Tuvan People's Republic, a little recognized state that is today part of Russia, from 1940 to 1944. Sükhbaataryn Yanjmaa was acting leader of the Mongolian People's Republic 1953–1954 and Soong Ching-ling was acting co-chair of the People's Republic of China from 1968 to 1972 and again in 1981.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The first woman to hold the title of "president", as opposed to a queen or prime minister, was Isabel Perón of Argentina (appointed head of state and government, 1974–76). The world's first elected female president was Vigdís Finnbogadóttir of Iceland, whose term lasted from 1980 to 1996. She is the longest-serving elected female head of state of any country to date. Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (1986–1992), was the first woman president in Southeast Asia.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Benazir Bhutto, prime minister of Pakistan (1988–1990), was the first female prime minister of a Muslim-majority country. She served again 1993–96. The second was Khaleda Zia (1991–1996) of Bangladesh. Tansu Çiller of Turkey was the first elected Muslim female prime minister in Europe (1993–1996).

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Elisabeth Domitien was appointed prime minister of the Central African Republic (1975–1976). Carmen Pereira of Guinea-Bissau (1984) and Sylvie Kinigi of Burundi (1993) acted as head of state for 2 days and 101 days respectively. Ruth Perry of Liberia was the first appointed female head of state in Africa (1996–1997). Ten years later, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia was Africa's first elected female head of state (2006–2018).

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In 2015, Elizabeth II became the longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state in world history. In 2016, she became the longest currently serving head of state and longest currently reigning monarch.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: The first woman to be appointed President of the European Commission was Ursula von der Leyen in 2019.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: While women's representation as ministers grew through the 20th century, women holding the most senior cabinet posts was relatively rare until the 21st century. In recent years, women have increasingly held the top profile portfolios for their governments in non-traditional areas for women in government, such as foreign relations, defense and national security, and finance or revenue.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Kamala Harrisis the first woman to serve as Vice President of the United States, making her the highest ranking female politician in US history. Janet Yellen is the first woman to serve as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Secretary Yellen is also the first person in U.S. history to have held the top three economic positions in the country: Treasury secretary; chair of the Federal Reserve; and chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Yevgenia Bosch, the Bolshevik military leader, held the People's Secretary of Internal Affairs position in the Ukraine People's Republic of the Soviets of Workers and Peasants from 1917 to 1918, which was responsible for executive functions of the Ukrainian People's Republic, part of the Russian Soviet Republic.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Nellie Ross was the first woman to be sworn in as governor of a U.S. state in January 1925, followed later that month by Miriam A. Ferguson.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Louise Schroeder was the first female member of the Weimar National Assembly. After the division of Germany following World War II, she served as governing mayor of West Berlin from 1948 to 1951.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Sucheta Kripalani was India's first woman Chief Minister, serving as the head of the Uttar Pradesh government from 1963 to 1967.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Savka Dabčević-Kučar, of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (1967–1969), was the first female premier of a non-sovereign European constituent state. She held the position of Chairman of the Executive Council (Prime Minister) of Croatia when it was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Imelda Marcos was Governor of Metro Manila in the Philippines from 1975 until 1986 when the People Power Revolution unseated the Marcoses and forced the family into exile.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Griselda Álvarez was the first female governor in Mexico, serving as governor of the state of Colima from 1979 to 1985.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Carrie Lam became the first female Chief Executive of Hong Kong in 2017 and before that was Chief Secretary for Administration from 2012.

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: Claudia Sheinbaum is the first female mayor of Mexico City. She is the head of the most populous governmental jurisdiction administered by a woman in the Americas, and third most in the world (after Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh).

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Women in government

Context: In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to vote is called active suffrage, as distinct from passive suffrage, which is the right to stand for election. The combination of active and passive suffrage is sometimes called "full suffrage".

Question: Как звали первую женщину занимающуюся политическую должность в России?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: Hancock's reputation as a war hero at Gettysburg, combined with his status as a Unionist and supporter of states' rights, made him a potential presidential candidate. When the Democrats nominated him for President in 1880, he ran a strong campaign, but was narrowly defeated by Republican James A. Garfield. Hancock's last public service involved the oversight of President Ulysses S. Grant's funeral procession in 1885.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: The Hancock and Hoxworth families had lived in Montgomery County for several generations, and were of English, Scottish, and Welsh descent. Benjamin Hancock was a schoolteacher when his sons were born. A few years after their birth, he moved the family to Norristown, the county seat, and began to practice law. Benjamin was also a deacon in the Baptist church and participated in municipal government (as an avowed Democrat).

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: Hancock was at first educated at Norristown Academy, but removed to the public schools when the first one opened in Norristown in the late 1830s. In 1840, Joseph Fornance, the local Congressman, nominated Hancock to the United States Military Academy at West Point. Hancock's progress at West Point was average. He graduated 18th in his class of 25 in 1844, and he was assigned to the infantry.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: One military historian wrote, "No other Union general at Gettysburg dominated men by the sheer force of their presence more completely than Hancock." As another wrote, "his tactical skill had won him the quick admiration of adversaries who had come to know him as the 'Thunderbolt of the Army of the Potomac'."

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: Hancock's order encouraged white Democrats across the South who hoped to return to civilian government more quickly, but discomforted blacks and Republicans in the South who feared a return to the antebellum ways of traditional white dominance.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: Hancock died in 1886 at Governors Island, still in command of the Military Division of the Atlantic, the victim of an infected carbuncle, complicated by diabetes. He is buried in Montgomery Cemetery in West Norriton Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, near Norristown, Pennsylvania. Hancock's wife, Almira, published "Reminiscences of Winfield Scott Hancock" in 1887.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: In 1893, Republican General Francis A. Walker wrote,Although I did not vote for General Hancock, I am strongly disposed to believe that one of the best things the nation has lost in recent years has been the example and the influence of that chivalric, stately, and splendid gentleman in the White House. Perhaps much which both parties now recognize as having been unfortunate and mischievous during the past thirteen years would have been avoided had General Hancock been elected.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: His noted integrity was a counterpoint to the corruption of the era, for as President Rutherford B. Hayes said,If, when we make up our estimate of a public man, conspicuous both as a soldier and in civil life, we are to think first and chiefly of his manhood, his integrity, his purity, his singleness of purpose, and his unselfish devotion to duty, we can truthfully say of Hancock that he was through and through pure gold.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: The original Winfield Scott Hancock Elementary School, located at Arch and East Spruce Streets in Norristown, Pennsylvania, was built in 1895 in memory of the General who grew up not far from the site. It was replaced in 1962 by a new building still in use by the Norristown Area School District only a few blocks away at Arch and Summit Streets, which is also named after General Hancock. The original 1895 building still stands and is used by a community non-profit organization.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: A Pennsylvania historical marker was dedicated September 11, 1947, along Bethlehem Pike (PA 309), just south of US 202, where Hancock was born.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: Hancock's portrait adorns U.S. currency on the $2 Silver Certificate series of 1886. Approximately 1,500 to 2,500 of these bills survive today in numismatic collections. Hancock's bill is ranked number 73 on a list of "100 Greatest American Currency Notes".

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: The actor Barney Phillips played Hancock in the 1962 episode, "The Truth Teller" on the syndicated anthology series, "Death Valley Days", hosted by Stanley Andrews. The episode focuses on the negotiations leading to the Medicine Lodge Treaty. Charles Carlson, who had a limited acting career from 1960 to 1967, was cast as Wild Bill Hickok.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: Hancock's Washington, D.C., equestrian statue is featured in the opening to the Netflix series "House of Cards".

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Winfield Scott Hancock

Context: Hancock is a character in the alternate history novel "" (2003) by Newt Gingrich and William R. Forstchen.

Question: Как звали отца Уинфилда Скотта Хэнкока?


Nika Award

Context: The oldest professional film award in Russia, the Nika Award was established during the final years of USSR by the influential Union of Filmmakers.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: At first the awards were judged by all the members of the Union of Filmmakers. In the early 1990s, a special academy, consisting of over 500 academicians, was elected for distributing the awards which recognize outstanding achievements in cinema (not television) produced in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States. In 2002 Nikita Mikhalkov established the competing Golden Eagle Award modelled on the Golden Globe Awards as it honors both film and television production of Russia.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: The Nika Awards ceremony is broadcast annually and attracts huge publicity across Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Russia's Aleksandr Proshkin won Best Picture for "The Cold Summer of 1953", but other winners included films produced decades earlier and suppressed by Soviet censorship. For example, Alfred Schnittke won Best Music for the 1967 film "Commissar", and Andron Konchalovsky was named Best Director for "Asya Klyachina's Story", also filmed in 1967.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Armenia's Sergei Parajanov took 4 awards including Best Picture and Best Director for his "Ashik Kerib".

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Ukraine's Kira Muratova won Best Picture for "The Asthenic Syndrome", while Stanislav Govorukhin was named Best Director for "We Can't Live Like This". Innokenty Smoktunovsky took the award as Best Actor.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Eldar Ryazanov's "Promised Heaven" triumphed at the last all-Soviet ceremony, taking the awards for Best Picture and Best Directing. Oleg Yankovsky and Inna Churikova were named Best Actor and Best Actress.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Pyotr Todorovsky, a veteran filmmaker, won Best Picture for "Encore, Once More Encore!". Nikita Mikhalkov was named Best Director for "Urga (Close to Eden)" and Mikhail Vartanov won the Best Documentary Film for "". Vadim Yusov was named Best Cinematographer for Georgi Daneliya's "Pasport".

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Vladimir Khotinenko won Best Picture for "Makarov". Vadim Yusov was named Best Cinematographer for Ivan Dykhovichny's "Prorva".

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Kira Muratova triumphed again, taking the awards for Best Picture and Best Directing for "Passions". The Lifetime Achievement Award went to Sergei Gerasimov's widow, Tamara Makarova.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Aleksandr Rogozhkin won Best Picture and Best Director for comedy "Peculiarities of the National Hunt".

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Sergei Bodrov won Best Picture and Best Director for "Prisoner of the Mountains". The Lifetime Achievement Award went to Georgy Zhzhonov.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Aleksei Balabanov won Best Picture for "Of Freaks and Men". Otar Ioseliani was named Best Director for "Brigands-Chapter VII"

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Aleksei German won Best Picture and Best Director for "Khrustalyov, My Car!".Mikhail Ulyanov was named Best Actor for "The Rifleman of the Voroshilov Regiment".Valeriy Priyomykhov won Best Screenplay for the "Who, If Not Us"

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Aleksei Uchitel won Best Picture for "His Wife's Diary". Bakhtyar Khudojnazarov was named Best Director for "Luna Papa". The Life Achievement Award was presented to Vyacheslav Tikhonov.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Alexander Sokurov won Best Picture and Best Director for "Taurus". The Lifetime Achievement Award was given to Aleksei Batalov.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Aleksandr Rogozhkin again won Best Picture and Best Director for "The Cuckoo". Oleg Yankovsky was again named Best Actor.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Andrey Zvyagintsev won Best Picture for "Vozvrashcheniye". Vadim Abdrashitov was named Best Director, and Inna Churikova again won the award as Best Actress. The Lifetime Achievement Award was given to Pyotr Todorovsky.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Dmitry Meskhiev won Best Picture for "Our Own", while Kira Muratova was named Best Director for "The Tuner". Bogdan Stupka was named Best Actor, and Alla Demidova took the award as Best Actress. Eduard Artemyev was awarded for Best Music. The Lifetime Achievement Awards were presented to Vadim Yusov and Nonna Mordyukova.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Fyodor Bondarchuk won Best Picture for "The 9th Company", while Aleksei German Jr was named Best Director for "Garpastum". Yevgeny Mironov and Alisa Freindlikh were honored as Best Actor and Best Actress, respectively. Marlen Khutsiev was presented the Lifetime Achievement Award.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Pavel Lungin won Best Picture and Best Director for "The Island". Pyotr Mamonov and Viktor Sukhorukov took the awards for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor for their parts in this film. Fyodor Khitruk received the Lifetime Achievement Award.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Sergey Bodrov won Best Film and Best Director for "Mongol". Sergey Garmash was named Best Actor for Nikita Mikhalkov's "12", and Leonid Bronevoy was named Best Supporting Actor. The Lifetime Achievement Award went to Georgi Daneliya.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Valery Todorovsky won Best Picture for "Hipsters". Aleksei German Jr was named Best Director for "Paper Soldier". The Lifetime Achievement Award went to Aleksei German Sr.

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Andrei Khrzhanovsky won Best Picture for "A Room and a Half". The Best Actress Award was won by Svetlana Kryuchkova for her role in "Bury Me Behind the Baseboard", and the Best Actor Award was won by Vladimir Ilyin for his role in "Ward No. 6" and posthumously by Oleg Yankovsky for his roles in "Anna Karenina" and "Tsar".

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Alexei Uchitel won Best Picture for "The Edge". Alexei Popogrebski was named Best Director for "How I Ended This Summer".

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Andrei Smirnov won Best Picture for "Once Upon a Time There Lived a Simple Woman". Andrey Zvyagintsev - Best Director for "Elena".

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


Nika Award

Context: Best Documentary -- "" ("In Search of a Lost Paradise"), directed by , produced by Alexander Smoljanski

Question: Когда была основана кинопремия "НИКА"?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: The modern history of Russia began with the Russian Republic of the Soviet Union gaining more political and economical autonomy amidst the imminent dissolution of the USSR during 1990–1991, proclaiming its sovreignty inside the Union in June 1990, and electing its first President Boris Yeltsin a year later. The Russian SFSR was the largest republic within the Soviet Union, but it had no significant independence before, being the only Soviet republic to not have its own branch of the Communist Party.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: The RSFSR was the largest of the fifteen republics that made up the USSR, accounting for over 60% of the GDP and over 50% of the Soviet population. Russians also dominated the Soviet military and the Communist Party. As such, the Russian Federation was widely accepted as the USSR's successor state in diplomatic affairs and it assumed the USSR's permanent membership and veto in the UN Security Council (see Russia and the United Nations).

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: On January 2, 1992, Yeltsin—acting as his own prime minister—enacted the most comprehensive components of economic reform by decree, thereby circumventing the Supreme Soviet of Russia and Congress of People's Deputies of Russia, which had been elected in March 1990, before the dissolution of the USSR. While this spared Yeltsin from the prospects of bargaining and wrangling with Soviet deputies, it also eliminated any meaningful discussion of the right course of action for the country.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: The programs of liberalization and stabilization were designed by Yeltsin's deputy prime minister Yegor Gaidar, a liberal economist inclined toward radical reform, and widely known as an advocate of "shock therapy". Shock therapy was originally used in Bolivia by notable economist Jeffery Sachs to combat inflation in the 1980s. Having achieved some major successes in Bolivia, shock therapy was then imported to the Polish context following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and Russia shortly after.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: The partial results of liberalization (lifting price controls) included worsening already apparent hyperinflation, initially due to monetary overhang and exacerbated after the central bank, an organ under parliament, which was skeptical of Yeltsin's reforms, was short of revenue and printed money to finance its debt. This resulted in the near bankruptcy of much of Russian industry.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: The privatization facilitated the transfer of significant wealth to a relatively small group of business oligarchs and New Russians, particularly natural gas and oil executives.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: By way of a domestic comparison, the post-Soviet economic decline was about half as severe as the economic catastrophe borne out of the immediate consequence of World War I, the fall of Tsarism, and the Russian Civil War.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: The Russians finally managed to gain control of Grozny in February 1995 after heavy fighting. In August 1996, Yeltsin agreed to a ceasefire with Chechen leaders, and a peace treaty was formally signed in May 1997. However, the conflict resumed in 1999, thus rendering the 1997 peace accord meaningless. This time the rebellion was crushed by Vladimir Putin.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: A tiny clique who used their connections built up during the last days of the Soviet years to appropriate Russia's vast resources during the rampant privatizations of the Yeltsin years, the oligarchs emerged as the most hated men in the nation. The Western world generally advocated a quick dismantling of the Soviet planned economy to make way for "free-market reforms," but later expressed disappointment over the newfound power and corruption of the "oligarchs."

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: The president's inner circle assumed that it had only a short time in which to act on privatization; it, therefore, needed to take steps that would have a large and immediate impact, making the reversal of reform prohibitively costly for their opponents. Chubais' solution was to co-opt potentially powerful interests, including enterprise directors and regional officials, in order to ensure Yeltsin's reelection.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Support from the oligarchs was also crucial to Yeltsin's reelection campaign. The "loans for shares" giveaway took place in the run-up to the 1996 presidential election—at a point when it had appeared that Zyuganov might defeat Yeltsin. Yeltsin and his entourage gave the oligarchs an opportunity to scoop up some of Russia's most desirable assets in return for their help in his reelection effort. The oligarchs, in turn, reciprocated the favor.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: In the outlying regions of the country, the Yeltsin campaign relied on its ties to other allies—the patron-client ties of the local governors, most of whom had been appointed by the president.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: The Zyuganov campaign had a strong grass-roots organization, but it was simply no match for the financial resources and access to patronage that the Yeltsin campaign could marshal.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Although Yeltsin promised that he would abandon his unpopular neoliberal austerity policies and increase public spending to help those suffering from the pain of capitalist reforms, within a month of his election, Yeltsin issued a decree canceling almost all of these promises.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Right after the election, Yeltsin's physical health and mental stability were increasingly precarious. Many of his executive functions thus devolved upon a group of advisers (most of whom had close links with the oligarchs).

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Kiriyenko appointed a new cabinet strongly committed to stemming the fall in the value of Russia's currency. The oligarchs strongly supported Kiriyenko's efforts to maintain the exchange rate. A high exchange rate meant that they needed fewer rubles to buy imported goods, especially luxury items.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: In an effort to prop up the currency and stem the flight of capital, Kiriyenko hiked interest rates to 150% in order to attract buyers for government bonds. But concerns about the financial crisis in Asia and the slump in world oil prices were already prompting investors to withdraw from Russia. By mid-1998, it was clear Russia would need help from IMF to maintain its exchange rate.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: The financial collapse produced a political crisis, as Yeltsin, with his domestic support evaporating, had to contend with an emboldened opposition in the parliament. A week later, on August 23, Yeltsin fired Kiryenko and declared his intention of returning Chernomyrdin to office as the country slipped deeper into economic turmoil. Powerful business interests, fearing another round of reforms that might cause leading concerns to fail, welcomed Kiriyenko's fall, as did the Communists.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Yeltsin, who began to lose his hold as his health deteriorated, wanted Chernomyrdin back, but the legislature refused to give its approval. After the Duma rejected Chernomyrdin's candidacy twice, Yeltsin, his power clearly on the wane, backed down. Instead, he nominated Foreign Minister Yevgeny Primakov, who on September 11 was overwhelmingly approved by the Duma.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Primakov's appointment restored political stability because he was seen as a compromise candidate able to heal the rifts between Russia's quarreling interest groups. There was popular enthusiasm for Primakov as well. Primakov promised to make the payment of wage and pension arrears his government's first priority, and invited members of the leading parliamentary factions into his Cabinet.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Communists and trade unionists staged a nationwide strike on October 7, and called on President Yeltsin to resign. On October 9, Russia, which was also suffering from a bad harvest, appealed for international humanitarian aid, including food.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Nevertheless, the political and social equilibrium of the country remains tenuous to this day, and power remains a highly personalized commodity. The economy remains vulnerable to downturn if, for instance, world oil prices fall at a dramatic pace.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Yevgeny Primakov did not remain in his post long. Yeltsin grew suspicious that Primakov was gaining in strength and popularity and dismissed him in May 1999, after only eight months in office. Yeltsin then named Sergei Stepashin, who had formerly been head of the FSB (the successor agency to the KGB) and later been Interior Minister, to replace him. The Duma confirmed his appointment on the first ballot by a wide margin.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Stepashin's tenure was even shorter than Primakov's. In August 1999, Yeltsin once again abruptly dismissed the government and named Vladimir Putin as his candidate to head the new government. Like Stepashin, Putin had a background in the secret police, having made his career in the foreign intelligence service and later as head of the FSB. Yeltsin went so far as to declare that he saw Putin as his successor as president. The Duma narrowly voted to confirm Putin.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: In August 2000, the Russian submarine K-141 Kursk suffered an explosion, causing the submarine to sink in the shallow area of the Barents Sea. Russia organized a vigorous but hectic attempt to save the crew, and the entire futile effort was surrounded by unexplained secrecy. This, as well as the slow initial reaction to the event and especially to the offers of foreign aid in saving the crew, brought much criticism on the government and personally on President Putin.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: In the aftermath of the theater siege, Putin began renewed efforts to eliminate the Chechen insurrection. ("For additional details on the war in Chechnya under Putin, see Second Chechen War.") The government canceled scheduled troop withdrawals, surrounded Chechen refugee camps with soldiers, and increased the frequency of assaults on separatist positions.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: These confrontations have also led to Putin establishing control over Russian media outlets previously owned by the oligarchs. In 2001 and 2002, TV channels NTV (previously owned by Gusinsky), TV6 and TVS (owned by Berezovsky) were all taken over by media groups loyal to Putin. Similar takeovers have also occurred with print media.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: On 7 October 2006, Anna Politkovskaya, a journalist who exposed corruption in the Russian army and its conduct in Chechnya, was shot in the lobby of her apartment building, on Putin's birthday. The death of Politkovskaya triggered international criticism, with accusations that Putin has failed to protect the country's new independent media. Putin himself said that her death caused the government more problems than her writings.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: In 2007, "Dissenters' Marches" were organized by the opposition group The Other Russia, led by former chess champion Garry Kasparov and national-Bolshevist leader Eduard Limonov. Following prior warnings, demonstrations in several Russian cities were met by police action, which included interfering with the travel of the protesters and the arrests of as many as 150 people who attempted to break through police lines.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: On 12 September 2007, Putin dissolved the government upon the request of Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov. Fradkov commented that it was to give the President a "free hand" in the run-up to the parliamentary election. Viktor Zubkov was appointed the new prime minister.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: In the December 2007 election, United Russia won 64.30% of the popular vote in their run for State Duma. This victory was seen by many as an indication of strong popular support of the then Russian leadership and its policies.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Putin was barred from a third term by the Constitution of Russia. First Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev was elected his successor. In a power-switching operation on 8 May 2008, only a day after handing the presidency to Medvedev, Putin was appointed Prime Minister of Russia, maintaining his political dominance.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: In 2008, Kosovo's declaration of independence saw a marked deterioration in Russia's relationship with the West. It also saw South Ossetia war against Georgia, that followed Georgia's attempt to take over the breakaway region of South Ossetia. Russian troops entered South Ossetia and forced Georgian troops back, establishing their control on this territory. In the fall of 2008, Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: At the United Russia Congress in Moscow on 24 September 2011, Medvedev officially proposed that Putin stand for the Presidency in March 2012, an offer Putin accepted. Given United Russia's near-total dominance of Russian politics, many observers believed that Putin was assured of a third term. The move was expected to see Medvedev stand on the United Russia ticket in the parliamentary elections in December, with a goal of becoming Prime Minister at the end of his presidential term.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: After the parliamentary elections on 4 December 2011, tens of thousands of Russians engaged in protests against alleged electoral fraud, the largest protests in Putin's time. Protesters criticized Putin and United Russia and demanded annulment of the election results. Those protests sparked the fear of a colour revolution in society. Putin allegedly organized a number of paramilitary groups loyal to himself and to the United Russia party in the period between 2005 and 2012.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Anti-Putin protests took place during and directly after the presidential campaign. The most notorious protest was the Pussy Riot performance on 21 February, and subsequent trial. An estimated 8,000–20,000 protesters gathered in Moscow on 6 May, when eighty people were injured in confrontations with police, and 450 were arrested, with another 120 arrests taking place the following day.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: A new Ukrainian government was formed and scheduled new elections for May 2014. On 1 March, from exile, Viktor Yanukovych requested that Russia use military forces "to establish legitimacy, peace, law and order, stability and defending the people of Ukraine". On the same day, Vladimir Putin requested and received authorization from the Russian Parliament to deploy Russian troops to Ukraine in response to the crisis and gained complete control over Crimean Peninsula within a day.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: On 6 March 2014, the Crimean Parliament voted to "enter into the Russian Federation with the rights of a subject of the Russian Federation" and later held a referendum asking the people of these regions whether they wanted to join Russia as a federal subject, or if they wanted to restore the 1992 Crimean constitution and Crimea's status as a part of Ukraine. Though passed with an overwhelming majority, the results are contested by some and approved by others.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Crimea and Sevastopol formally declared independence as the Republic of Crimea and requested that they be admitted as constituents of the Russian Federation. On 18 March 2014, Russia and Crimea signed a treaty of accession of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol in the Russian Federation, though the United Nations General Assembly voted in favor of a non-binding statement to oppose Russia's annexation of the peninsula.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: On 24 February 2022, Russian forces invaded Ukraine, a move described as a 'special military operation' by Putin. The invasion led to international condemnation followed by political, economic and cultural sanctions. The invasion also sparked protests within Russia.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: In the early period after Russia became independent, Russian foreign policy repudiated Marxism–Leninism as a putative guide to action, emphasizing cooperation with the West in solving regional and global problems, and soliciting economic and humanitarian aid from the West in support of internal economic reforms.

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


History of Russia (1991–present)

Context: Under Putin, Russia has sought to strengthen ties with the People's Republic of China by signing the Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation as well building the Trans-Siberian oil pipeline geared toward growing Chinese energy needs. He also made a number of appearances in the media with President of the United States George W. Bush in which the two described each other as "friends".

Question: Когда появилась первая оппозиционная партия в Российской Федерации?


Amazing Grace

Context: With the message that forgiveness and redemption are possible regardless of sins committed and that the soul can be delivered from despair through the mercy of God, "Amazing Grace" is one of the most recognisable songs in the English-speaking world. Author Gilbert Chase writes that it is "without a doubt the most famous of all the folk hymns". Jonathan Aitken, a Newton biographer, estimates that the song is performed about 10 million times annually.

Question: Кем был впервые исполнен гимн «О благодать»?


Amazing Grace

Context: It has had particular influence in folk music, and has become an emblematic black spiritual. Its universal message has been a significant factor in its crossover into secular music. "Amazing Grace" became newly popular during a revival of folk music in the US during the 1960s, and it has been recorded thousands of times during and since the 20th century.

Question: Кем был впервые исполнен гимн «О благодать»?


Amazing Grace

Context: He deserted the navy to visit Mary "Polly" Catlett, a family friend with whom he had fallen in love. After enduring humiliation for deserting, he was traded as crew to a slave ship.

Question: Кем был впервые исполнен гимн «О благодать»?


Amazing Grace

Context: In between voyages, he married Polly in 1750, and he found it more difficult to leave her at the beginning of each trip. After three shipping voyages in the slave trade, Newton was promised a position as ship's captain with cargo unrelated to slavery. But at the age of thirty, he collapsed and never sailed again.

Question: Кем был впервые исполнен гимн «О благодать»?


Amazing Grace

Context: The lyrics in "Olney Hymns" were arranged by their association to the Biblical verses that would be used by Newton and Cowper in their prayer meetings, and did not address any political objective. For Newton, the beginning of the year was a time to reflect on one's spiritual progress. At the same time he completed a diary which has since been lost that he had begun 17 years before, two years after he quit sailing. The last entry of 1772 was a recounting of how much he had changed since then.

Question: Кем был впервые исполнен гимн «О благодать»?


Amazing Grace

Context: The sermon preached by Newton was his last of those that William Cowper heard in Olney, since Cowper's mental instability returned shortly thereafter. One author suggests Newton may have had his friend in mind, employing the themes of assurance and deliverance from despair for Cowper's benefit.

Question: Кем был впервые исполнен гимн «О благодать»?


Amazing Grace

Context: The "Dictionary of American Hymnology" claims it is included in more than a thousand published hymnals, and recommends its use for "occasions of worship when we need to confess with joy that we are saved by God's grace alone; as a hymn of response to forgiveness of sin or as an assurance of pardon; as a confession of faith or after the sermon".

Question: Кем был впервые исполнен гимн «О благодать»?


Amazing Grace

Context: Wikimedia's extension allow readers to view and listen to any arrangement that has been expressed in Lilypond format.

Question: Кем был впервые исполнен гимн «О благодать»?


HMS Lion (1910)

Context: The "Lion"-class battlecruisers were designed to be as superior to the new German battlecruisers of the "Moltke" class as the German ships were to the "Invincible" class. The increase in speed, armour and gun size forced a 65 per cent increase in size over the "Indefatigable" class. "Lion" had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draught of at deep load. The ship displaced at normal load and at deep load.

Question: В честь кого назван линейные крейсера типа «Лайон»?