Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Context: Since mental states are identified by a functional role, they are said to be realized on multiple levels; in other words, they are able to be manifested in various systems, even perhaps computers, so long as the system performs the appropriate functions. While a computer's program performs the functions via computations on inputs to give outputs, implemented via its electronic substrate, a brain performs the functions via its biological operation and stimulus responses.

Question: Kuka aloitti funktionalismin?


Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Context: writes out the sequence '111' after scanning three blank squares and then stops as specified by the following machine table:

Question: Kuka aloitti funktionalismin?


Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Context: The above point is critical to an understanding of machine-state functionalism. Since Turing machines are not required to be physical systems, "anything capable of going through a succession of states in time can be a Turing machine". Because biological organisms “go through a succession of states in time”, any such organisms could also be equivalent to Turing machines.

Question: Kuka aloitti funktionalismin?


Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Context: A second form of functionalism is based on the rejection of behaviorist theories in psychology and their replacement with empirical cognitive models of the mind. This view is most closely associated with Jerry Fodor and Zenon Pylyshyn and has been labeled psycho-functionalism.

Question: Kuka aloitti funktionalismin?


Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Context: On the other hand, if it turns out that there are states which theoretical cognitive psychology posits as necessary for explanation of human behavior but which are not foreseen by ordinary folk psychological language, then these entities or states exist.

Question: Kuka aloitti funktionalismin?


Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Context: There is much confusion about the sort of relationship that is claimed to exist (or not exist) between the general thesis of functionalism and physicalism. It has often been claimed that functionalism somehow "disproves" or falsifies physicalism "tout court" (i.e. without further explanation or description). On the other hand, most philosophers of mind who are functionalists claim to be physicalists—indeed, some of them, such as David Lewis, have claimed to be strict reductionist-type physicalists.

Question: Kuka aloitti funktionalismin?


Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Context: Some functionalists believe China would have qualia but that due to the size it is impossible to imagine China being conscious. Indeed, it may be the case that we are constrained by our theory of mind and will never be able to understand what Chinese-nation consciousness is like. Therefore, if functionalism is true either qualia will exist across all hardware or will not exist at all but are illusory.

Question: Kuka aloitti funktionalismin?


Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Context: Another possible solution to this problem is to adopt a moderate (or molecularist) form of holism. But even if this succeeds in the case of pain, in the case of beliefs and meaning, it faces the difficulty of formulating a distinction between relevant and non-relevant contents (which can be difficult to do without invoking an analytic–synthetic distinction, as many seek to avoid).

Question: Kuka aloitti funktionalismin?


Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Context: According to Ned Block, if functionalism is to avoid the chauvinism of type-physicalism, it becomes overly liberal in "ascribing mental properties to things that do not in fact have them". As an example, he proposes that the economy of Bolivia might be organized such that the economic states, inputs, and outputs would be isomorphic to a person under some bizarre mapping from mental to economic variables.

Question: Kuka aloitti funktionalismin?


National Hockey League

Context: The Bulldogs were unable to play in the NHL, and the remaining owners founded the Toronto Arenas to compete with the Canadiens, Wanderers and Senators. The first games were played on December 19, 1917. The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations, and the NHL continued on as a three-team league until the Bulldogs returned in 1919.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: In 1934, the first NHL All-Star Game was held to benefit Ace Bailey, whose career ended on a vicious hit by Eddie Shore. The second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenz's family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The Great Depression and the onset of World War II took a toll on the league. The Pirates became the Philadelphia Quakers in 1930, then folded a year later. The Senators likewise became the St. Louis Eagles in 1934, also lasting only a year. The Maroons did not survive, as they suspended operations in 1938. The Americans were suspended in 1942 due to a lack of available players, and were never reactivated.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: In 1945, Maurice "Rocket" Richard became the first player to score 50 goals, doing so in a 50-game season. Richard later led the Canadiens to five consecutive titles between 1956 and 1960, a record no team has matched.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: On March 13, 1948, Asian Canadian Larry Kwong became the first non-white player in the NHL and broke the league's colour barrier by playing for the New York Rangers. On January 18, 1958, Willie O'Ree became the first Black player in the league's history when he made his debut with the Boston Bruins.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: There have been four league-wide work stoppages in NHL history, all occurring after 1992. The first was a strike by the National Hockey League Players' Association in April 1992, which lasted for ten days but was settled quickly with all affected games rescheduled.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: A lockout at the start of the 1994–95 season forced the league to reduce the schedule from 84 games to 48, with the teams playing only intra-conference games during the reduced season. The resulting collective bargaining agreement (CBA) was set for renegotiation in 1998, and extended to September 15, 2004.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: To aid with removing high-speed collisions on icing, which had led to several potential career-ending injuries such as Hurricanes' defenceman Joni Pitkanen, the league mandated hybrid no-touch icing for the 2013–14 NHL season.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: On November 25, 2013, ten former NHL players (Gary Leeman, Rick Vaive, Brad Aitken, Darren Banks, Curt Bennett, Richie Dunn, Warren Holmes, Bob Manno, Blair Stewart, and Morris Titanic) sued the league for negligence in protecting players from concussions. The suit came three months after the National Football League agreed to pay former players US$765 million due to a player safety lawsuit.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The Board of Governors is the ruling and governing body of the National Hockey League. In this context, each team is a member of the league, and each member appoints a Governor (usually the owner of the club), and two alternates to the Board. The current chairman of the Board is Boston Bruins owner Jeremy Jacobs. The Board of Governors exists to establish the policies of the league and to uphold its constitution. Some of the responsibilities of the Board of Governors include:

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The Board of Governors meets twice per year, in the months of June and December, with the exact date and place to be fixed by the Commissioner.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The chief executive of the league is Commissioner Gary Bettman. Some of the principal decision-makers who serve under the authority of the commissioner include:

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The league also imposes a conduct policy on its players. Players are banned from gambling and criminal activities have led to the suspension of players. The league and the Players' Association agreed to a stringent anti-doping policy in the 2005 collective bargaining agreement. The policy provides for a twenty-game suspension for a first positive test, a sixty-game suspension for a second positive test, and a lifetime suspension for a third positive test.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: There are no shootouts during the playoffs. Instead, multiple sudden-death, 20-minute five-on-five periods are played until one team scores. Two games have reached six overtime periods, but none have gone beyond six. During playoff overtime periods, the only break is to clean the loose ice at the first stoppage after the period is halfway finished.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The National Hockey League season is divided into a preseason (September and early October), a regular season (from early October through early to mid-April) and a postseason (the Stanley Cup playoffs).

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: Teams usually hold a summer showcase for prospects in July and participate in prospect tournaments, full games that do not feature any veterans, in September. Full training camps begin in mid-to-late September, including a preseason consisting of six to eight exhibition games. Split squad games, in which parts of a team's regular season roster play separate games on the same day, are occasionally played during the preseason.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The league's regular season standings are based on a point system. Two points are awarded for a win, one point for losing in overtime or a shootout, and zero points for a loss in regulation. At the end of the regular season, the team that finishes with the most points in each division is crowned the division champion, and the league's overall leader is awarded the Presidents' Trophy.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The most prestigious team award is the Stanley Cup, which is awarded to the league champion at the end of the Stanley Cup playoffs. The team that has the most points in the regular season is awarded the Presidents' Trophy.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The next most successful NHL franchise is the Toronto Maple Leafs with 13 Stanley Cup championships, most recently in 1967. The Detroit Red Wings, with 11 Stanley Cup championships, are the most successful American franchise.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The same trophy is reused every year for each of its awards. The Stanley Cup, much like its Canadian Football League counterpart, is unique in this aspect, as opposed to the Vince Lombardi Trophy, Larry O'Brien Trophy, and Commissioner's Trophy, which have new ones made every year for that year's champion. Despite only one trophy being used, the names of the teams winning and the players are engraved every year on the Stanley Cup. The same can also be said for the other trophies reissued every year.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: There are numerous trophies that are awarded to players based on their statistics during the regular season; they include, among others, the Art Ross Trophy for the league scoring champion (goals and assists), the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy for the goal-scoring leader, and the William M. Jennings Trophy for the goaltender(s) for the team with the fewest goals against them.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: In addition to the regular season awards, the Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the most valuable player during the NHL's Stanley Cup playoffs. Furthermore, the top coach in the league wins the Jack Adams Award as selected by a poll of the National Hockey League Broadcasters Association. The National Hockey League publishes the names of the top three vote getters for all awards, and then names the award winner during the NHL Awards Ceremony.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: As of the 2017–18 season, the NHL has players from 17 countries, with 46.0% coming from Canada and 26.0% from the United States, while players from a further 15 countries make up 26.4% of NHL rosters. The following table shows the seven countries that make up the vast majority of NHL players. The table follows the Hockey Hall of Fame convention of classifying players by the currently existing countries in which their birthplaces are located, without regard to their citizenship or where they were trained.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The NHL lists its several official corporate partners into three categories: North American Partners, USA Partners, and Canada Partners. Discover Card is the league's official credit card in the US, while competitor Visa is an official sponsor in Canada. Likewise, Tim Hortons is the league's official coffee and doughnuts chain in Canada, while Dunkin' Donuts is the NHL's sponsor in the US.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: Among its North American corporate sponsors, Kraft Heinz sponsors "Kraft Hockeyville", an annual competition in which communities compete to demonstrate their commitment to the sport of ice hockey. The winning community gets a cash prize dedicated to upgrading their local home arena, as well as the opportunity to host an NHL pre-season game. Two contests are held, one for communities across Canada and a separate competition for communities in the US.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: Many of these same corporate partners become the title sponsors for the league's All-Star and outdoor games.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: Beginning in the 2020–21 NHL season, the league allowed for advertising on its gameday uniforms for the first time, starting with helmet ads. The NHL will have advertising on the front of team jerseys for the first time starting in the 2022–23 season.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: On May 14, 2021, NHL and the sports betting company Betway announced a multi-year partnership in which Betway became the official sports betting partner to the NHL in North America.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: Broadcasting rights in Canada have historically included the CBC's "Hockey Night in Canada" ("HNIC"), a Canadian tradition dating to 1952, and even prior to that on radio since the 1920s.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: Quebecor Media holds national French-language rights to the NHL, with all coverage airing on its specialty channel TVA Sports.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: Games that are not broadcast as part of the national rights deal are broadcast by Sportsnet's regional feeds, TSN's regional feeds, and RDS. Regional games are subject to blackout for viewers outside of each team's designated market.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The 2021–22 season marks the first year of seven-year agreements with ESPN and Turner Sports. ESPN's deal includes 25 regular season games on ABC or ESPN, and 75 exclusive games streamed on ESPN+ and Hulu. Turner Sports' coverage includes up to 72 regular season games on TNT or TBS. The playoffs will be split between ESPN and Turner, with ABC televising the Stanley Cup Finals during even years and TNT televising the championship series during odd years.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: As in Canada, games not broadcast nationally are aired regionally within a team's home market and are subject to blackout outside of them. These broadcasters include regional sports network chains. Certain national telecasts are non-exclusive, and may also air in tandem with telecasts of the game by local broadcasters. However, national telecasts of these games are blacked out in the participating teams' markets to protect the local broadcaster.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The league co-owns the NHL Network, a television specialty channel devoted to the NHL. Its signature show is "NHL Tonight". The NHL Network also airs live games, but primarily simulcasts of one of the team's regional broadcasters.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: NHL Centre Ice in Canada and NHL Center Ice in the United States are the league's subscription-based, out-of-market sports packages that offer access to out-of-market feeds of games through a cable or satellite television provider.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: Outside of Canada and the United States, NHL games are broadcast across Europe, in the Middle East, in Australia, and in the Americas across Mexico, Central America, Dominican Republic, Caribbean, South America and Brazil, among others.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: "NHL.tv" is also available for people in most countries to watch games online, but blackout restrictions may still apply if a game is being televised in the user's country. For those in selected international markets where ESPN also holds the streaming rights, they must instead access games on the ESPN platform used in that particular country: ESPNPlayer, ESPN Play, the ESPN App, or Star+. And those in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Norway, and Sweden must use Viaplay.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: In 2007, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) formalized the "Triple Gold Club", the group of players and coaches who have won an Olympic gold medal, a World Championship gold medal, and the Stanley Cup. The term had first entered popular use following the 2002 Winter Olympics, which saw the addition of the first Canadian members.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: As well as participating in the above international club competitions, the NHL and the National Hockey League Players' Association organizes the World Cup of Hockey. Unlike the Ice Hockey World Championships and the Olympic tournament, both run by the International Ice Hockey Federation, the World Cup of Hockey is played under NHL rules and not those of the IIHF. The tournament takes place prior to the NHL pre-season.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The NHL is considered one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America, along with Major League Baseball, the National Football League, and the National Basketball Association. The league is very prominent in Canada, where it is the most popular of these four leagues. Overall, hockey has the smallest total fan base of the four leagues, the smallest revenue from television, and the least sponsorship.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


National Hockey League

Context: The NHL estimates that half of its fan base roots for teams in outside markets. Beginning in 2008, the NHL began a shift toward using digital technology to market to fans to capitalize on this.

Question: Mitkä NHL:n perustajajoukkueet ovat vielä mukana sarjassa?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, (; 17 November 1887 – 24 March 1976), nicknamed "Monty" and "The Spartan General", was a senior British Army officer who served in the First World War, the Irish War of Independence and the Second World War.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery first saw action in the First World War as a junior officer of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. At Méteren, near the Belgian border at Bailleul, he was shot through the right lung by a sniper, during the First Battle of Ypres. On returning to the Western Front as a general staff officer, he took part in the Battle of Arras in AprilMay 1917. He also took part in the Battle of Passchendaele in late 1917 before finishing the war as chief of staff of the 47th (2nd London) Division.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: In the inter-war years he commanded the 17th (Service) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers and, later, the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment before becoming commander of the 9th Infantry Brigade and then General officer commanding (GOC), 8th Infantry Division.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: When German armoured forces broke through the American lines in Belgium during the Battle of the Bulge, Montgomery received command of the northern shoulder of the Bulge. This included temporary command of the US First Army and the US Ninth Army, which held up the German advance to the north of the Bulge while the US Third Army under Lieutenant General George Patton relieved Bastogne from the south.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: After the war he became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) in Germany and then Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1946–1948). From 1948 to 1951, he served as Chairman of the Commanders-in-Chief Committee of the Western Union. He then served as NATO's Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe until his retirement in 1958.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: After the death of Sir Robert Montgomery, Henry inherited the Montgomery ancestral estate of New Park in Moville in Inishowen in Ulster. There was still £13,000 to pay on a mortgage, a large debt in the 1880s (equivalent to £ in )., and Henry was at the time still only an Anglican vicar. Despite selling off all the farms that were at Ballynally, "there was barely enough to keep up New Park and pay for the blasted summer holiday" (i.e., at New Park).

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: After recovering in early 1915, he was appointed brigade major, first of the 112th Brigade, and then with 104th Brigade training in Lancashire. He returned to the Western Front in early 1916 as a general staff officer in the 33rd Division and took part in the Battle of Arras in AprilMay 1917. He became a general staff officer with IX Corps, part of General Sir Herbert Plumer's Second Army, in July 1917.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery served at the Battle of Passchendaele in late 1917 before finishing the war as GSO1 (effectively chief of staff) of the 47th (2nd London) Division, with the temporary rank of lieutenant-colonel. A photograph from October 1918, reproduced in many biographies, shows the then unknown Lieutenant-Colonel Montgomery standing in front of Winston Churchill (then the Minister of Munitions) at the parade following the liberation of Lille.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: After graduating from the Staff College, he was appointed brigade major in the 17th Infantry Brigade in January 1921. The brigade was stationed in County Cork, Ireland, carrying out counter-insurgency operations during the final stages of the Irish War of Independence.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery came to the conclusion that the conflict could not be won without harsh measures, and that self-government for Ireland was the only feasible solution; in 1923, after the establishment of the Irish Free State and during the Irish Civil War, Montgomery wrote to Colonel Arthur Ernest Percival of the Essex Regiment:

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: In May 1923, Montgomery was posted to the 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division, a Territorial Army (TA) formation. He returned to the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment in 1925 as a company commander and was promoted to major in July 1925. From January 1926 to January 1929 he served as Deputy Assistant Adjutant General at the Staff College, Camberley, in the temporary rank of lieutenant-colonel.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: In 1925, in his first known courtship of a woman, Montgomery, then in his late thirties, proposed to a 17-year-old girl, Miss Betty Anderson. His approach included drawing diagrams in the sand of how he would deploy his tanks and infantry in a future war, a contingency which seemed very remote at that time. She respected his ambition and single-mindedness, but declined his proposal of marriage.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: In 1927, he met and married Elizabeth (Betty) Carver, "née" Hobart. She was the sister of the future Second World War commander Major-General Sir Percy Hobart. Betty Carver had two sons in their early teens, John and Dick, from her first marriage to Oswald Carver. Dick Carver later wrote that it had been "a very brave thing" for Montgomery to take on a widow with two children. Montgomery's son, David, was born in August 1928.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: On completion of his tour of duty in India, Montgomery returned to Britain in June 1937 where he took command of the 9th Infantry Brigade with the temporary rank of brigadier. His wife died that year.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: The 3rd Division, temporarily commanded by Kenneth Anderson in Montgomery's absence, returned to Britain intact with minimal casualties. Operation Dynamo—codename for the Dunkirk evacuation—saw 330,000 Allied military personnel, including most of the BEF, to Britain, although the BEF was forced to leave behind a significant amount of equipment.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: On his return Montgomery antagonised the War Office with trenchant criticisms of the command of the BEF and was briefly relegated back to divisional command of 3rd Division. The 3rd Division was at that time the only fully equipped division in Britain. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: In April 1941, he became commander of XII Corps responsible for the defence of Kent. During this period he instituted a regime of continuous training and insisted on high levels of physical fitness for both officers and other ranks. He was ruthless in sacking officers he considered would be unfit for command in action. Promoted to temporary lieutenant-general in July, in December Montgomery was given command of South-Eastern Command overseeing the defence of Kent, Sussex and Surrey.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: He renamed his command the South-Eastern Army to promote offensive spirit. During this time he further developed and rehearsed his ideas and trained his soldiers, culminating in Exercise Tiger in May 1942, a combined forces exercise involving 100,000 troops.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: A story, probably apocryphal but popular at the time, is that the appointment caused Montgomery to remark that "After having an easy war, things have now got much more difficult." A colleague is supposed to have told him to cheer up—at which point Montgomery said "I'm not talking about me, I'm talking about Rommel!"

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: The Second Battle of El Alamein began on 23 October 1942, and ended 12 days later with one of the first large-scale, decisive Allied land victories of the war. Montgomery correctly predicted both the length of the battle and the number of casualties (13,500).

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: With Goodwood drawing the Wehrmacht towards the British sector, the First American Army enjoyed a two-to-one numerical superiority. General Omar Bradley accepted Montgomery's advice to begin the offensive by concentrating at one point instead of a "broad front" as Eisenhower would have preferred.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: By September, ports like Cherbourg were too far away from the front line, causing the Allies great logistical problems. Antwerp was the third largest port in Europe. It was a deep water inland port connected to the North Sea via the river Scheldt. The Scheldt was wide enough and dredged deep enough to allow the passage of ocean-going ships.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: On 5 September, SHAEF's naval commander, Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay, had urged Montgomery to make clearing the mouth of the Scheldt his number-one priority. Alone among the senior commanders, only Ramsay saw opening Antwerp as crucial. Thanks to ULTRA, Montgomery was aware of Hitler's order by 5 September.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Both Churchill and Montgomery claimed that the operation was nearly or 90% successful, although in Montgomery's equivocal acceptance of responsibility he blames lack of support, and also refers to the Battle of the Scheldt which was undertaken by Canadian troops not involved in Market Garden. Montgomery later said:

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Morelock states that Montgomery was preoccupied with leading a "single thrust offensive" to Berlin as the overall commander of Allied ground forces, and that he accordingly treated the Ardennes counteroffensive "as a sideshow, to be finished with the least possible effort and expenditure of resources."

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: However, American historian Stephen Ambrose, writing in 1997, maintained that "Putting Monty in command of the northern flank had no effect on the battle". Ambrose wrote that: "Far from directing the victory, Montgomery had gotten in everyone's way, and had botched the counter-attack." General Omar Bradley blamed Montgomery's "stagnating conservatism" for his failure to counter-attack when ordered to do so by Eisenhower.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Command of the US First Army reverted to the US 12th Army Group on 17 January 1945, whilst command of the US Ninth Army remained with 21st Army Group for the coming operations to cross the Rhine.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: In February 1945, Montgomery's 21st Army Group advanced to the Rhine in Operation Veritable and Operation Grenade. It crossed the Rhine on 24 March 1945, in Operation Plunder, which took place two weeks after the First United States Army had crossed the Rhine after capturing the Ludendorff Bridge during the Battle of Remagen.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: 21st Army Group's river crossing was followed by the encirclement of the Ruhr Pocket. During this battle, US Ninth Army, which had remained part of 21st Army Group after the Battle of the Bulge, formed the northern arm of the envelopment of German Army Group B, with US First Army forming the southern arm. The two armies linked up on 1 April 1945, encircling 370,000 German troops, and on 4 April 1945, US Ninth Army reverted to Omar Bradley's 12th Army Group.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: By the war's end, the remaining formations of 21st Army group, First Canadian Army and British Second Army, had liberated the northern part of the Netherlands and captured much of north-west Germany, occupied Hamburg and Rostock and sealed off the Danish peninsula.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: On 4 May 1945, on Lüneburg Heath, Montgomery accepted the surrender of German forces in north-west Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: The British high command were not only concerned with winning the war and defeating Germany, but also with ensuring that it retained sufficient influence in the post-war world to govern global policy. Suffering heavy losses in Normandy would diminish British leadership and prestige within its empire and on post-war Europe in particular. Many of Montgomery's clashes with Eisenhower were based on his determination to pursue the war "on lines most suitable to Britain".

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery initially remained prepared to push Second (British) Army hard to capture the vital strategic town of Caen, and consequently incur heavy losses. In the original Overlord plan, Montgomery was determined to push past Caen to Falaise as quickly as possible. However, after the heavy casualties incurred in capturing Caen, he changed his mind.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery was notorious for his lack of tact and diplomacy. Even his "patron", the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, General Sir Alan Brooke, frequently mentions it in his war diaries: "he is liable to commit untold errors in lack of tact" and "I had to haul him over the coals for his usual lack of tact and egotistical outlook which prevented him from appreciating other people's feelings".

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery suffered from "an overbearing conceit and an uncontrollable urge for self-promotion." General Hastings Ismay, who was at the time Winston Churchill's chief staff officer and trusted military adviser, once stated of Montgomery: "I have come to the conclusion that his love of publicity is a disease, like alcoholism or taking drugs, and that it sends him equally mad."

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: After the war, Montgomery became the Commander-in-chief (C-in-C) of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), the name given to the British Occupation Forces, and was the British member of the Allied Control Council.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: As CIGS, Montgomery toured Africa in 1947 and in a secret 1948 report to Prime Minister Clement Attlee's government proposed a "master plan" to amalgamate British Africa territories and to exploit the raw materials of Africa, thereby counteracting the loss of British influence in Asia.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: However, Montgomery was barely on speaking terms with his fellow service chiefs, sending his deputy Kenneth Crawford to attend their meetings and he clashed particularly with Sir Arthur Tedder, who was by now Chief of the Air Staff (CAS).

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery was then appointed Chairman of the Western Union Defence Organization's C-in-C committee. Volume 3 of Nigel Hamilton's "Life of Montgomery of Alamein" gives an account of the bickering between Montgomery and his land forces chief, French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, which created splits through the Union headquarters.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: On the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe in 1951, Montgomery became Eisenhower's deputy He would continue to serve under Eisenhower's successors, Generals Matthew Ridgway and Al Gruenther, until his retirement, aged nearly 71, in 1958.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery's mother, Maude Montgomery, died at New Park in Moville in Inishowen in 1949. She was buried alongside her husband in the 'kirkyard' behind St. Columb's Church, the small Church of Ireland church beside New Park, overlooking Lough Foyle. Montgomery did not attend the funeral, claiming he was "too busy".

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery was an Honorary Member of the Winkle Club, a charity in Hastings, East Sussex, and introduced Winston Churchill to the club in 1955.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: He was chairman of the governing body of St. John's School in Leatherhead, Surrey, from 1951 to 1966, and a generous supporter.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery's memoirs (1958) criticised many of his wartime comrades in harsh terms, including Eisenhower. He was threatened with legal action by Field Marshal Auchinleck for suggesting that Auchinleck had intended to retreat from the Alamein position if attacked again, and had to give a radio broadcast (20 November 1958) expressing his gratitude to Auchinleck for having stabilised the front at the First Battle of Alamein.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: During a visit to the Alamein battlefields in May 1967, he bluntly told high-ranking Egyptian Army officers that they would lose any war with Israel, a warning that was shown to be justified only a few weeks later in the Six-Day War.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: In retirement, Montgomery publicly supported apartheid after a visit to South Africa in 1962, and after a visit to China declared himself impressed by the Chinese leadership. He spoke out against the legalisation of homosexuality in the United Kingdom, arguing that the Sexual Offences Act 1967 was a "charter for buggery" and that "this sort of thing may be tolerated by the French, but we're British – thank God".

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: Montgomery died from unspecified causes in 1976 at his home Isington Mill in Isington, Hampshire, aged 88. After a funeral at St George's Chapel, Windsor, his body was buried in Holy Cross churchyard, in Binsted, Hampshire. He was survived by his son and only child David Montgomery, 2nd Viscount Montgomery of Alamein (1928–2020) as well as two grandchildren. His wife Betty Carver died in 1937.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


Bernard Montgomery

Context: His Garter banner, which had hung in St. George's Chapel in Windsor during his lifetime, is now on display in St Mary's, Warwick.

Question: Milloin Bernard Montgomerystä tuli marsalkka?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: The World Wide Fund for Nature Inc. (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment. It was formerly named the World Wildlife Fund, which remains its official name in Canada and the United States.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: WWF received criticism for its alleged corporate ties and has been reprimanded for supporting eco-guards that hounded African forest dwellers in the proposed Messok Dja national park in the Republic of the Congo.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: WWF is part of the Steering Group of the Foundations Platform F20, an international network of foundations and philanthropic organizations.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: The WWF was conceived to act as an international fundraising organisation to support the work of existing conservation groups, primarily the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Its establishment was marked with the signing of the Morges Manifesto, the founding document that sets out the fund's commitment to assisting worthy organizations struggling to save the world's wildlife:

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld helped to found the WWF, becoming its first president in 1961. In 1963, the Foundation held a conference and published a major report warning of anthropogenic global warming, written by Noel Eichhorn based on the work of Frank Fraser Darling (then foundation vice president), Edward Deevey, Erik Eriksson, Charles Keeling, Gilbert Plass, Lionel Walford, and William Garnett.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In 1970, along with Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and a few associates, Bernhard established the WWF's financial endowment "" to handle the organization's administration and fundraising. 1001 members each contributed $10,000 to the trust. Prince Bernhard resigned his post after being involved in the Lockheed Bribery Scandal.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: WWF researchers and many others identified 238 ecoregions that represent the world's most biologically outstanding terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats, based on a worldwide biodiversity analysis which the organization says was the first of its kind. In the early 2000s (decade), its work was focused on a subset of these ecoregions, in the areas of forest, freshwater and marine habitat conservation, endangered species conservation, climate change, and the elimination of the most toxic chemicals.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In 1990, the Conservation Foundation was completely merged into WWF, after becoming an affiliate of WWF-US in 1985 when it became a distinct legal entity but with the same staff and board. The organization now known as the Conservation Foundation in the United States is the former Forest Foundation of DuPage County. In 1996, the organization obtained general consultative status from UNESCO.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: Harvard University published a case study on WWF called "Negotiating Toward the Paris Accords: WWF & the Role of Forests in the 2015 Climate Agreement":

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: The logo was slightly simplified and made more geometric in 1978, and was revised significantly again in 1986, at the time that the organization changed its name, with the new version featuring solid black shapes for eyes. In 2000 a change was made to the font used for the initials "WWF" in the logo.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: Policies of the WWF are made by board members elected for three-year terms. An Executive Team guides and develops WWF's strategy. There is also a National Council which stands as an advisory group to the board and a team of scientists and experts in conservation who research for WWF.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: National and international law plays an important role in determining how habitats and resources are managed and used. Laws and regulations become one of the organization's global priorities.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: The organization convinces and helps governments and other political bodies to adopt, enforce, strengthen and/or change policies, guidelines and laws that affect biodiversity and natural resource use. It also ensures government consent and/or keeps their commitment to international instruments relating to the protection of biodiversity and natural resources.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In 2012, David Nussbaum, Chief Executive of WWF-UK, spoke out against the way shale gas is used in the UK, saying: "...the Government must reaffirm its commitment to tackling climate change and prioritise renewables and energy efficiency."

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: The organisation works on a number of global issues driving biodiversity loss and unsustainable use of natural resources, including species conservation, finance, business practices, laws, and consumption choices. Local offices also work on national or regional issues.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: WWF works with a large number of different groups to achieve its goals, including other NGOs, governments, business, investment banks, scientists, fishermen, farmers and local communities. It also undertakes public campaigns to influence decision makers, and seeks to educate people on how to live in a more environmentally friendly manner. It urges people to donate funds to protect the environment. The donors can also choose to receive gifts in return.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In October 2020, WWF was named as one of the alliance partner's of Prince William's Earthshot Prize, to find solutions to environmental issues.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In March 2021, WWF announced an extension of their partnership with H&M to address sustainable supply chain practices.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: WWF publishes the "Living Planet Index" in collaboration with the Zoological Society of London. Along with ecological footprint calculations, the "Index" is used to produce a bi-yearly "Living Planet Report" giving an overview of the impact of human activity on the world. In 2019, WWF and Knorr jointly published the Future 50 Foods report identifying "50 Foods for Healthier People and a Healthier Planet".

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: The organization also regularly publishes reports, fact sheets and other documents on issues related to its work, to raise awareness and provide information to policy and decision makers.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: The German public television ARD aired a documentary on 22 June 2011 that claimed to show how the WWF cooperates with corporations such as Monsanto, providing sustainability certification in exchange for donations– essentially greenwashing. WWF has denied the allegations. By encouraging high-impact eco-tourism, the program alleges that WWF contributes to the destruction of habitat and species it claims to protect while also harming indigenous peoples.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: WWF has been accused by the campaigner Corporate Watch of being too close to business to campaign objectively. WWF claims partnering with corporations such as Coca-Cola, Lafarge, Carlos Slim's and IKEA will reduce their effect on the environment. WWF received €56 million (US$80 million) from corporations in 2010 (an 8% increase in support from corporations compared to 2009), accounting for 11% of total revenue for the year.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: For their 2019 fiscal year, WWF reported 4% of their total operating revenue coming from corporations.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In 2017, a report by Survival International claimed that WWF-funded paramilitaries are not only committing abuses against the indigenous Baka and Bayaka in the Congo Basin, who "face harassment and beatings, torture and death", but are also corrupt and aid in the destruction of conserved areas. The report accused WWF and its guards of partnering with several logging companies who carried out deforestation, while the rangers ignored wildlife trafficking networks.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In the Central African Republic, WWF officials were reportedly involved in an arms deal, where the organization paid for 15 Kalashnikov assault rifles and ammunition; but part of the money went unaccounted for and they were apparently defrauded by the CAR army representatives selling the weapons.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: "The Kathmandu Post", which cooperated with "BuzzFeed News" on the investigations in Nepal, claimed there was intense lobbying and political pressure to release WWF-funded rangers arrested for murder. They interviewed activists who claimed they were promised donations for pressuring victims of abuse to drop charges against the rangers. When the local Tharu community protested, WWF officials carried out a counter-protest in favour of the accused and used park elephants to block Prithvi Highway.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: An investigation by Rainforest Foundation UK found evidence of widespread physical and sexual assault by 'eco-guards' employed by the Salonga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo funded by WWF. These include two cases of gang rape, two extrajudicial killings, and multiple accounts of torture and other forms of mistreatment committed by park guards.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In reply to the investigations, WWF stated that it takes any allegations seriously and would be launching an independent review into the cases raised. The organisation stated it has stringent policies designed to ensure it and its partners are safeguarding the rights and well-being of indigenous peoples and local communities, and should the review uncover any breaches, it is committed to taking swift action.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: These accusations were central to a four day sit-in protest carried out by members of Extinction Rebellion's XR Youth Solidarity Network at WWF-UK's headquarters in September 2021.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In 2000, the World Wide Fund for Nature sued the World Wrestling Federation (now named WWE) for unfair trade practices. Both parties had shared the initials "WWF" since 1979. The conservation organization claimed that the professional wrestling company had violated a 1994 agreement regarding international use of the WWF initials.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: On 10 August 2001, a UK court ruled in favour of the World Wide Fund for Nature. The World Wrestling Federation filed an appeal in October 2001. However, on 10 May 2002, the World Wrestling Federation changed its Web address from "WWF.com" to "WWE.com", and replaced every "WWF" reference on the existing site with "WWE", as a prelude to changing the company's name to "World Wrestling Entertainment." Its stock ticker also switched from WWF to WWE.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: Starting with the 1,000th episode of "Raw" in July 2012, the WWF "scratch" logo is no longer censored in archival footage. In addition, the WWF initials are no longer censored when spoken or when written in plain text in archival footage. In exchange, WWE is no longer permitted to use WWF initials or logo in any new, original footage, packaging, or advertising, with any old-school logos for retro-themed programming now using a modification of the original WWF logo without the F.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In January 2012, Touch Seang Tana signed the "Kratie Declaration on the Conservation of the Mekong River Irrawaddy Dolphin" along with WWF and the Cambodian Fisheries Administration, an agreement binding the parties to work together on a "roadmap" addressing dolphin conservation in the Mekong River.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: The Charity Navigator gave the WWF a 3-star overall rating, a 2-star financial rating and a 4-star accountability and transparency rating for the 2018 fiscal year.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In 2009, in a scorecard report that they authored on carbon emissions in G8 countries, the WWF portrayed the greenhouse gas emissions of countries who use low-carbon nuclear power in their mix as a higher amount of emissions than realistically calculated. For example, for France, the WWF displayed a false value of 362 gCO2eq/kWh which is over 400% larger than the actual emissions in France. WWF explained the manipulation as follows:

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: The scorecard for Sweden was also "adjusted" in similar way, where the WWF replaced the actual emissions of 47 gCO2eq/kWh with 212 gCO2eq/kWh.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In February 2022, WWF UK released plans to raise funds through selling NFTs (non-fungible tokens). NFT is a unit of data stored on a blockchain. Critics point out transacting NFTs causes significant environmental impact.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


World Wide Fund for Nature

Context: In Argentina, WWF is represented by Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina, an independent organization which is also a part of the network.

Question: Kuinka monessa maassa WWF toimii?


Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten

Context: The King gave his formal consent to the marriage in his British Privy Council, in accordance with the Royal Marriages Act 1772. The same was done in Canada at a meeting of the King's Canadian Privy Council, with the Chief Justice of Canada, Thibaudeau Rinfret, standing in as deputy to the King's representative, the Governor General of Canada.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: The best man was the Marquess of Milford Haven, the groom's maternal first cousin. The Marquess was a grandson of Prince Louis of Battenberg and Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine; and a great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: Philip wore his naval uniform, which was adorned with his medals and the star emblem of a Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter. He also carried a ceremonial sword, with which he later cut the wedding cake.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: The royal parties were brought in large carriage processions, the first with the Queen and Princess Margaret and later a procession with Queen Mary. Philip left Kensington Palace with his best man, the Marquess of Milford Haven. Princess Elizabeth arrived at the Abbey with her father, the King, in the Irish State Coach.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: The ceremony was officiated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, and the Archbishop of York, Cyril Garbett. The ceremony was recorded and broadcast by BBC Radio to 200 million people around the world.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: Like her mother's, Princess Elizabeth's wedding band was made of Welsh gold. The ring was made from a nugget of Welsh gold from the Clogau St David's mine, near Dolgellau; this nugget had been given to the then Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, and used to make her wedding ring and subsequently the wedding rings of both of her daughters. The same nugget was later used to create the wedding rings of Princess Anne and Lady Diana Spencer.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: Upon their marriage, Elizabeth took the title of her husband and became Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: After the ceremony, Elizabeth and Philip then proceeded to Buckingham Palace, where the couple waved to the crowds from the balcony.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: Their wedding breakfast was held in the Ball-Supper Room of the Palace. The menu included Filet de Sole Mountbatten, Perdreau en Casserole, and Bombe Glacee Princess Elizabeth. Music was played by the string band of the Grenadier Guards.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: The couple received over 2,500 wedding presents from around the world and around 10,000 telegrams of congratulations. The gifts were put on public display at St James's Palace and made available for public viewing.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: The Duke of Windsor, the former king, was not invited, and his sister, Mary, Princess Royal, did not attend as she said she was ill (her husband, Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood, had died six months before). Ronald Storrs claimed that the Princess Royal did not attend in protest over her brother's exclusion. So soon after the end of World War II, it was not acceptable for the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations, including Philip's three surviving sisters, to be invited to the wedding.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: The couple boarded a train to Hampshire at London Waterloo railway station, and spent their wedding night at the home of the Duke of Edinburgh's uncle, the Earl Mountbatten of Burma, in Broadlands. From there the couple travelled to Birkhall on the Balmoral Estate, where they spent the remainder of their honeymoon.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Context: For her going-away outfit, Elizabeth wore "a dress and matching coat in mist-blue with mushroom-coloured accessories" that was designed by Hartnell.

Question: Missä Englannin kuninkaalliset häät järjestettiin vuonna 1947?


Thrasyllus of Mendes

Context: Thrasyllus was an Egyptian of Greek descent from unknown origins, as his family and ancestors were contemporaries that lived under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. He originally was either from Mendes or Alexandria. Thrasyllus is often mentioned in various secondary sources as coming from Alexandria (as mentioned in the "Oxford Classical Dictionary") as no primary source confirms his origins.

Question: Kuka Thrasyllos oli?


Thrasyllus of Mendes

Context: Thrasyllus encountered Tiberius during the period of Tiberius' voluntary exile on the Greek island of Rhodes, some time between 1 BC and 4 AD. Thrasyllus became the intimate and celebrated servant of Tiberius, and Tiberius developed an interest in Stoicism and Astrology from Thrasyllus.

Question: Kuka Thrasyllos oli?


Thrasyllus of Mendes

Context: He predicted that Tiberius would be recalled to Rome and officially named the successor to Augustus. When Tiberius returned to Rome, Thrasyllus accompanied him and remained close to him. During the reign of the emperor Tiberius, Thrasyllus served as his skilled Court Astrologer both in Rome and, later, in Capri. As Tiberius held Thrasyllus in the highest honor, he rewarded him for his friendship by giving Roman citizenship to him and his family.

Question: Kuka Thrasyllos oli?


Thrasyllus of Mendes

Context: In 36 AD, Thrasyllus is said to have made Tiberius believe he would survive another ten years. With this false prediction, Thrasyllus saved the lives of a number of Roman nobles who would be suspected in falsely plotting against Tiberius. Tiberius, believing in Thrasyllus, was confident that he would outlive any plotters, and so failed to act against them. Thrasyllus predeceased Tiberius, so did not live to see the realization of his prediction that Caligula would succeed Tiberius.

Question: Kuka Thrasyllos oli?


Thrasyllus of Mendes

Context: Thrasyllus by profession was a grammarian (i.e. literary scholar). He edited the written works of Plato and Democritus. According to the "Encyclopaedia Judaica", he wrote that the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt took place in 1690 BC. The sections include, Dedumose I, Ipuwer Papyrus and Shiphrah.

Question: Kuka Thrasyllos oli?


Thrasyllus of Mendes

Context: He was the author of an astrological text titled "Pinax" or "Table", which is lost but has been summarized in later sources, such as: CCAG - Catalogue of the Codices of the Greek astrologers (8/3: 99–101) which borrows the astrological notions found in Nechepso/Petosiris (see article on Hellenistic astrology) and in Hermes Trismegistus, an early pseudepigraphical source of astrology. Pinax was known and cited by the later following astrological writers: Vettius Valens, Porphyry and Hephaistio.

Question: Kuka Thrasyllos oli?


Thrasyllus of Mendes

Context: Thrasyllus may have married a member of the royal family of Commagene (whose name is sometimes given as "Aka"), though this has been questioned recently. He had two known children:

Question: Kuka Thrasyllos oli?


Thrasyllus of Mendes

Context: In the TV miniseries adaptation of the novels, Thrasyllus was played by Kevin Stoney, who had previously played him in the 1968 ITV series "The Caesars".

Question: Kuka Thrasyllos oli?


Thrasyllus of Mendes

Context: In contrast, Thrasyllus and his descendants are presented as power-hungry charlatans in the novel series "Romanike".

Question: Kuka Thrasyllos oli?


Member of parliament

Context: Members of parliament typically form parliamentary groups, often called caucuses, with members of the same political party.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Westminster system is a democratic parliamentary system of government modelled after the politics of the United Kingdom. This term comes from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: A member of parliament is a member of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Commonwealth (federal) parliament. Members may use "MP" after their names; "MHR" is no longer used. A member of the upper house of the Commonwealth Parliament, the Senate, is known as a "Senator".

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: In the Australian states and territories, "MP" is commonly used. In bicameral legislatures, members of the lower house (legislative assembly or house of assembly) also use the post-nominals "MLA" or "MHA" and members of the upper house (legislative council) use "MLC".

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Parliament of The Bahamas is the bicameral national parliament of Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The parliament is formally made up by the Queen (represented by the Governor-General), an appointed Senate, and an elected House of Assembly. It currently sits at Nassau, the national capital.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: In Bangladesh, a Member of Parliament is an individual who serves in the unicameral Jatiya Sangsad or House of the Nation. Members of the Jatiya Sangsad are elected at a general election, usually held once every five years unless Parliament is dissolved sooner by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. Under the Constitution of Bangladesh, an individual is required to be a citizen of Bangladesh and must have attained the age of 25 years in order to qualify for election to Parliament.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: Each province (and territory) has its own legislature, with each member usually known as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). In certain provinces, legislators carry other titles: Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in Ontario, Member of the National Assembly (MNA) in Quebec () and Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) in Newfoundland and Labrador. The provincial upper houses were eliminated through the 20th century.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: A Member of Dáil Éireann is known as a Teachta Dála (TD) or "Deputy to the Dáil", and addressed as "Teachta" (Deputy), while a Member of the Seanad is known and addressed as Seanadóir (Senator). These titles are used much more commonly in English than the official Irish.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: A "member of Parliament" was the term used to refer to a member of the pre-1801 Irish House of Commons of the Parliament of Ireland. Irish members elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were also called "members of Parliament" from 1801 to 1922. Northern Ireland continues to elect MPs to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Parliament of Jamaica is the legislative branch of the government of Jamaica. It is a bicameral body, composed of an appointed Senate and an elected House of Representatives. The Senate (upper house), the direct successor of a pre-Independence body known as the "Legislative Council" – comprises 21 senators appointed by the governor-general: thirteen on the advice of the Prime Minister and eight on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The House of Representatives, the lower house, is made up of 63 (previously 60) Members of Parliament, elected to five-year terms on a first-past-the-post basis in single-seat constituencies.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The National Assembly of Kenya has a total of 349 seats; 205 members are elected from the constituencies, 47 women are elected from the counties and 12 members are nominated representatives.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Parliament of Malaysia consists of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) and two houses, the "Dewan Rakyat" (the House of Representatives) and "Dewan Negara" (the Senate).

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The term "members of Parliament" only refers to members of the "Dewan Rakyat". In Malay, a member of Parliament is called "Ahli Parlimen", or less formally "wakil rakyat" (people's representative).

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: Members of Parliament are elected from population-based single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. The Prime Minister must be a member of Parliament.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: Members of Parliament are styled "Yang Berhormat" ("Honourable") with the initials "Y.B." appended prenominally. A prince who is a member of Parliament is styled "Yang Berhormat Mulia". The Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister and Tuns who are members of Parliament are styled "Yang Amat Berhormat" ("Most Honourable"), abbreviated Y.A.B.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Parliament of Malta consists of the President of Malta and the House of Representatives of 69 members (article 51 of the Constitution), referred to as "members of Parliament" (article 52(1) of the Constitution). When appointed from outside the House, the Speaker is also considered a member of the Parliament. The Constitution lists the qualifications and disqualifications from serving as a member of Parliament.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: Privileges of members of Parliament and their Code of Ethics are laid out in the House of Representatives (Privileges and Powers) Ordinance.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Parliament of Nauru consists of 18 seats. Members of Parliament are entitled to use the prefix "The Honourable".

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The New Zealand Parliament is made up of the monarch and the unicameral House of Representatives. A "member of Parliament" is a member of the House of Representatives, which has a minimum of 120 members, elected at a general election for a three-year term. There are 72 electorate MPs, of which seven are elected only by Māori who have chosen to be registered on a separate Māori electoral roll. The remaining members are elected by proportional representation from published party lists.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: Before 1951, New Zealand had an upper house, the Legislative Council whose members were appointed. Members of the lower house, the body that still exists, have always been elected. Since 1907, elected members have been referred to as 'Member of Parliament', abbreviated MP. From the 1860s until 1907 they were designated as Member of the House of Representatives, abbreviated MHR. Between the first general election, in 1853, and the 1860s, the designation was Member of the General Assembly, abbreviated MGA.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: "Member of Parliament" refers to a member of Parliament of Pakistan either a member of National Assembly (lower house) or a member of Senate (upper house), based in Islamabad.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: "Member of Parliament" refers to elected members of the Parliament of Singapore, the appointed Non-Constituency members of Parliament from the opposition, as well as the Nominated members of Parliament, who may be appointed from members of the public who have no connection to any political party in Singapore.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: MPs are elected in general elections and by-elections to represent constituencies, and may remain MPs until Parliament is dissolved, which occurs around five years after the last general election, as laid down in the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: A candidate to become an MP must be a British or Irish or Commonwealth citizen, be at least 18 years of age (reduced from 21 in 2006), and not be a public official or officeholder, as set out in the schedule to the Electoral Administration Act 2006.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: "Members of Parliament" are members of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe. Members of the upper house of Parliament are referred to as Senators.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: "Member of Parliament" can be the term (often a translation) for representatives in parliamentary democracies that do not follow the Westminster system and who are usually referred to in a different fashion, such as "Deputé" in France, "Deputato" in Italy, "Deputat" in Bulgaria, "Parlamentario" o "Diputado" in Spain and Spanish speaking Latin America, "Deputado" in Portugal and Brazil, "Mitglied des Bundestages (MdB)" in Germany. However, better translations are often possible.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: Prior to the takeover of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in August 2021, a "Member of Parliament (MP)" was a member of the Lower House of the bicameral Parliament National Assembly of Afghanistan: a member of the Wolesi Jirga (House of People) held one of the in total 250 seats in the Lower House.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: A "member of Parliament" is a member of either of the two chambers of the Parliament of Austria ("Österreichisches Parlament"). The members of the Nationalrat are called "Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat". The members of the Bundesrat, elected by the provincial diets ("Landtage") of the nine federal States of Austria, are known as "Mitglieder des Bundesrats".

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: In Bulgaria there are 240 members of Parliament (; transliteration Narodno sabranie / Parlament), which are called 'Deputati' (singular Deputat). Moreover, there are 240 MPs in the normal parliament and 400 in the "Great Parliament". The Great Parliament is elected when a new constitution is needed. There have been seven Great Parliaments in modern Bulgarian history, in 1879, 1881, 1886, 1893, 1911, 1946 and 1990. MPs in Bulgaria are called депутати – "deputies".

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The "member of Parliament" () refers to the elected members of the National Assembly. There are 125 members of Parliament in total. They are also alternatively called "member of the National Assembly". Parliamentary elections are traditionally held every five years with no term limits imposed. The 25 provinces of Cambodia are represented by the members of Parliament in the National Assembly. A constituency may have more than one MP, depending on the population.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: A "member of Parliament" is a member of either of the two chambers of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, although the term "Member of Parliament of the Czech Republic" is commonly referred to Deputy of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: "Poslanec Parlamentu České republiky") who is member of the lower house of the Parliament, Chamber of Deputies. For the upper house, Senate, the term Senator is used.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: In Denmark, a member of Folketinget () is one of the 179 members of Folketinget. The title is almost always shortened to the initialism "MF".

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: "Member of Parliament" refers to the elected members of the federal Bundestag Parliament at the Reichstag building in Berlin. In German a member is called ' (Member of the Federal Diet) or officially ' (Member of the German Federal Diet), abbreviated MdB and attached . Unofficially the term "Abgeordneter" (literally: "delegate", i.e. of a certain electorate) is also common (abbreviated "Abg.", never follows the name but precedes it).

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: In accordance with article 38 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, which is the German constitution, "[m]embers of the German Bundestag shall be elected in general, direct, free, equal, and secret elections. They shall be representatives of the whole people, not bound by orders or instructions, and responsible only to their conscience." An important though not constitutionally required feature of German parliamentarianism is a slightly modified proportional representation.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The 16 federal States of Germany ("Länder") are represented by the Bundesrat at the former Prussian House of Lords, whose members are representatives of the respective "Länder's" governments and not directly elected by the people.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Hellenic Parliament (Βουλή των Ελλήνων), is the supreme democratic institution in Greece, that represents all citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament. It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members, elected for a four-year term.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: A member of parliament (Indonesian: "Anggota DPR / Anggota DPD") refers to elected members of the lower house People's Representative Council ("Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat") and upper house Regional Representative Council ("Dewan Perwakilan Daerah"). Currently, there are 575 and 136 members in the People's Representative Council and Regional Representative Council respectively. Members are elected for a five-year term.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: A "Member of the Knesset" () is one of the 120 members of the Knesset. The title is usually shortened to the initialism "MK".

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: In the Republic of North Macedonia there are 120 members of parliament () which are called 'Pratenici' (singular Pratenik).

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The members of the unicameral Parliament of Norway are chosen by popular vote for a parliamentary period of four years.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: From 1978 to 1984, the Philippine Parliament was called the "Batasang Pambansa" (National Assembly), and its elected members were called "Mambabatas Pambansa" (National Assemblyman), often shortened to "MP".

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Portuguese parliament is called "Assembleia da República". A member of Parliament is known as a "deputado", that is, a person who is appointed through democratic election to act on the people's behalf.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The word parlamento -of the same origin as Parliament in English- is used as a common name for all legislative assemblies, and hence for the member of any of them, which can usually refer to members of:

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: Members of the Congress of Deputies are called "diputados" (deputies), implying that they are elected to act in the name and on behalf of the people they represent. It is also usual to call members of the European Parliament "eurodiputados". Members of the Senate are called "senadores" (senators).

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Parliament of South Africa consists of two houses, the National Assembly of South Africa (lower house) and the National Council of Provinces (upper house). Members of both houses are given the title of "Member of Parliament".

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Title Member of Parliament(MP) refers to the Members of Parliament of South Korea. 253 MPs are elected by First-past-the-post System from Parliamentary Constituencies, 30 MPs are elected by Proportional Compensation, 17 MPs are elected by Mixed Member Majoritarian.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: In Second Republic of Korea or if Constitution of South Korea is amended as Parliamentary system with Bicameralism, only the Members of House of Commons of South Korea are called Member of Parliament(MP). Whilst the Member of Senate of South Korea is called Senator.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: The Members of Provincial Legislature are called Member of the Legislative Assembly also called MLA. Some Provinces call Councillor and Member of Provincial Parliament.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: "Members of Parliament" refers to the elected members of the Riksdag. In Swedish, an MP is usually referred to as a "riksdagsledamot" ("member of the Riksdag") or a "riksdagsman" ("Gentleman of the Riksdag"). The former is in more common use today, especially in official contexts, due to its status as a unisex word, while the latter was used more often historically and literally refers to a male MP exclusively.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: According to a survey investigation by the sociologist Jenny Hansson, Swedish national parliamentarians have an average workweek of 66 hours, including side responsibilities. Hansson's investigation further reports that the average Swedish national parliamentarian sleeps 6.5 hours per night.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: In the Republic of Turkey, a member of Parliament is an elected member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (), which has 600 members elected at a general election for a term of office of five years.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: People's Deputy of Ukraine ("Ukrainian": народний депутат України, narodnyi deputat Ukrayiny) is a member of Parliament, legislator elected by a popular vote to the Verkhovna Rada (the unicameral parliament of Ukraine). Often People's Deputies of Ukraine are referred to simply as deputies.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Member of parliament

Context: People's Deputies that ran for the parliament as self-nominated candidates can join factions if they wish.

Question: Mitä valtiopäivämies tarkoittaa?


Finland

Context: The earliest written appearance of the name "Finland" is thought to be on three runestones. Two were found in the Swedish province of Uppland and have the inscription "finlonti" (U 582). The third was found in Gotland. It has the inscription "finlandi" (G 319) and dates back to the 13th century. The name can be assumed to be related to the tribe name "Finns", of which the first known record is from AD 98.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: In the earliest historical sources, from the 12th and 13th centuries, the term Finland refers to the coastal region around Turku from Perniö to Uusikaupunki. This region later became known as Finland Proper in distinction from the country name Finland. Finland became a common name for the whole country in a centuries-long process that started when the Catholic Church established a missionary diocese in Nousiainen in the northern part of the province of Suomi possibly sometime in the 12th century.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: The devastation of Finland during the Great Northern War (1714–1721) and during the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) caused Sweden to begin carrying out major efforts to defend its eastern half from Russia. These 18th-century experiences created a sense of a shared destiny that when put in conjunction with the unique Finnish language, led to the adoption of an expanded concept of Finland.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: If the archeological finds from Wolf Cave are the result of Neanderthals' activities, the first people inhabited Finland approximately 120,000–130,000 years ago. The area that is now Finland was settled in, at the latest, around 8,500 BC during the Stone Age towards the end of the last glacial period. The artefacts the first settlers left behind present characteristics that are shared with those found in Estonia, Russia, and Norway. The earliest people were hunter-gatherers, using stone tools.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: The first pottery appeared in 5200  BC, when the Comb Ceramic culture was introduced. The arrival of the Corded Ware culture in Southern coastal Finland between 3000 and 2500 BC may have coincided with the start of agriculture. Even with the introduction of agriculture, hunting and fishing continued to be important parts of the subsistence economy.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: In the Iron Age population grew especially in Häme and Savo regions. Finland proper was the most densely populated area. Cultural contacts with the Baltics and Scandinavia became more frequent. Commercial contacts in the Baltic Sea region grew and extended during the eighth and ninth centuries.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Main exports from Finland were furs, slaves, castoreum, and falcons to European courts. Imports included silk and other fabrics, jewelry, Ulfberht swords, and, in lesser extent, glass. Production of iron started approximately in 500 BC.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: At the end of the ninth century, indigenous artefact culture, especially women's jewelry and weapons, had more common local features than ever before. This has been interpreted to be expressing common Finnish identity which was born from an image of common origin.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Swedish became the dominant language of the nobility, administration, and education; Finnish was chiefly a language for the peasantry, clergy, and local courts in predominantly Finnish-speaking areas. During the Protestant Reformation, the Finns gradually converted to Lutheranism.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: In the 18th century, wars between Sweden and Russia twice led to the occupation of Finland by Russian forces, times known to the Finns as the Greater Wrath (1714–1721) and the Lesser Wrath (1742–1743). It is estimated that almost an entire generation of young men was lost during the Great Wrath, due mainly to the destruction of homes and farms, and the burning of Helsinki. By this time Finland was the predominant term for the whole area from the Gulf of Bothnia to the Russian border.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Two Russo-Swedish wars in twenty-five years served as reminders to the Finnish people of the precarious position between Sweden and Russia. An increasingly vocal elite in Finland soon determined that Finnish ties with Sweden were becoming too costly, and following the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790), the Finnish elite's desire to break with Sweden only heightened.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Notwithstanding the efforts of Finland's elite and nobility to break ties with Sweden, there was no genuine independence movement in Finland until the early 20th century. Rather, the Finnish peasantry was outraged by the actions of their elite and almost exclusively supported Gustav's actions against the conspirators. (The High Court of Turku condemned Sprengtporten as a traitor around 1793.) The Swedish era ended in the Finnish War in 1809.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: The Finnish famine of 1866–1868 killed approximately 15% of the population, making it one of the worst famines in European history. The famine led the Russian Empire to ease financial regulations, and investment rose in the following decades. Economic and political development was rapid. The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was still half of that of the United States and a third of that of Britain.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: After the 1917 February Revolution, the position of Finland as part of the Russian Empire was questioned, mainly by Social Democrats. Since the head of state was the tsar of Russia, it was not clear who the chief executive of Finland was after the revolution. The Parliament, controlled by social democrats, passed the so-called Power Act to give the highest authority to the Parliament. This was rejected by the Russian Provisional Government which decided to dissolve the Parliament.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: New elections were conducted, in which right-wing parties won with a slim majority. Some social democrats refused to accept the result and still claimed that the dissolution of the parliament (and thus the ensuing elections) were extralegal. The two nearly equally powerful political blocs, the right-wing parties, and the social-democratic party were highly antagonized.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: In 1917, the population was three million. Credit-based land reform was enacted after the civil war, increasing the proportion of the capital-owning population. About 70% of workers were occupied in agriculture and 10% in industry. The largest export markets were the United Kingdom and Germany.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Finland reacted cautiously to the collapse of the Soviet Union but swiftly began increasing integration with the West. On 21 September 1990, Finland unilaterally declared the Paris Peace Treaty obsolete, following the German reunification decision nine days earlier.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Lying approximately between latitudes 60° and 70° N, and longitudes 20° and 32° E, Finland is one of the world's northernmost countries. Of world capitals, only Reykjavík lies more to the north than Helsinki. The distance from the southernmost point – Hanko in Uusimaa – to the northernmost – Nuorgam in Lapland – is .

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Finland has about 168,000 lakes (of area larger than ) and 179,000 islands. Its largest lake, Saimaa, is the fourth largest in Europe. The Finnish Lakeland is the area with the most lakes in the country; many of the major cities in the area, most notably Tampere, Jyväskylä and Kuopio, are located near the large lakes. The greatest concentration of islands is found in the southwest, in the Archipelago Sea between continental Finland and the main island of Åland.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Much of the geography of Finland is a result of the Ice Age. The glaciers were thicker and lasted longer in Fennoscandia compared with the rest of Europe. Their eroding effects have left the Finnish landscape mostly flat with few hills and fewer mountains. Its highest point, the Halti at , is found in the extreme north of Lapland at the border between Finland and Norway. The highest mountain whose peak is entirely in Finland is Ridnitšohkka at , directly adjacent to Halti.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: The retreating glaciers have left the land with morainic deposits in formations of eskers. These are ridges of stratified gravel and sand, running northwest to southeast, where the ancient edge of the glacier once lay. Among the biggest of these are the three Salpausselkä ridges that run across southern Finland.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Having been compressed under the enormous weight of the glaciers, terrain in Finland is rising due to the post-glacial rebound. The effect is strongest around the Gulf of Bothnia, where land steadily rises about a year. As a result, the old sea bottom turns little by little into dry land: the surface area of the country is expanding by about annually. Relatively speaking, Finland is rising from the sea.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Similarly, Finland has a diverse and extensive range of fauna. There are at least sixty native mammalian species, 248 breeding bird species, over 70 fish species, and 11 reptile and frog species present today, many migrating from neighbouring countries thousands of years ago.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: The Finnish climate is suitable for cereal farming only in the southernmost regions, while the northern regions are suitable for animal husbandry.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: A quarter of Finland's territory lies within the Arctic Circle and the midnight sun can be experienced for more days the farther north one travels. At Finland's northernmost point, the sun does not set for 73 consecutive days during summer and does not rise at all for 51 days during winter.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: In addition to inter-municipal cooperation, which is the responsibility of regional councils, each county has a state Employment and Economic Development Centre which is responsible for the local administration of labour, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and entrepreneurial affairs. The Finnish Defence Forces regional offices are responsible for the regional defence preparations and the administration of conscription within the county.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Counties represent dialectal, cultural, and economic variations better than the former provinces, which were purely administrative divisions of the central government. Historically, counties are divisions of historical provinces of Finland, areas that represent dialects and culture more accurately.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Six Regional State Administrative Agencies were created by the state of Finland in 2010, each of them responsible for one of the counties called in Finnish and in Swedish; in addition, Åland was designated a seventh county. These take over some of the tasks of the earlier Provinces of Finland ("lääni"/"län"), which were abolished.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: The fundamental administrative divisions of the country are the municipalities, which may also call themselves towns or cities. They account for half of the public spending. Spending is financed by municipal income tax, state subsidies, and other revenue. , there are 309 municipalities, and most have fewer than 6,000 residents.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: In addition to municipalities, two intermediate levels are defined. Municipalities co-operate in seventy sub-regions and nineteen counties. These are governed by the member municipalities and have only limited powers. The autonomous province of Åland has a permanent democratically elected regional council. Sami people have a semi-autonomous Sami native region in Lapland for issues on language and culture.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: The Constitution of Finland defines the political system; Finland is a parliamentary republic within the framework of a representative democracy. The Prime Minister is the country's most powerful person. The current version of the constitution was enacted on 1 March 2000 and was amended on 1 March 2012. Citizens can run and vote in parliamentary, municipal, presidential, and European Union elections.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: The Marin Cabinet is the incumbent 76th government of Finland. It was formed following the collapse of the Rinne Cabinet and officially took office on 10 December 2019. The cabinet consists of a coalition formed by the Social Democratic Party, the Centre Party, the Green League, the Left Alliance, and the Swedish People's Party.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: After parliamentary elections, the parties negotiate among themselves on forming a new cabinet (the Finnish Government), which then has to be approved by a simple majority vote in the parliament. The cabinet can be dismissed by a parliamentary vote of no confidence, although this rarely happens (the last time in 1957), as the parties represented in the cabinet usually make up a majority in the parliament.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: As no one party ever dominates the parliament, Finnish cabinets are multi-party coalitions. As a rule, the post of prime minister goes to the leader of the biggest party and that of the minister of finance to the leader of the second biggest.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Around 92% of residents have confidence in Finland's security institutions. The overall crime rate of Finland is not high in the EU context. Some crime types are above average, notably the high homicide rate for Western Europe. A day fine system is in effect and also applied to offenses such as speeding.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: Finland has successfully fought against government corruption, which was more common in the 1970s and 1980s. For instance, economic reforms and EU membership introduced stricter requirements for open bidding and many public monopolies were abolished. Today, Finland has a very low number of corruption charges; Transparency International ranks Finland as one of the least corrupt countries in Europe.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?


Finland

Context: According to the 2012 constitution, the president (currently Sauli Niinistö) leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government, except that the president has no role in EU affairs.

Question: Mikä on Suomen tilatuin sanomalehti vuonna 2018?