Volkswagen Type 2

Context: Among VW enthusiasts in countries of the former Yugoslavia, especially in Serbia and Croatia, VW T2 bus is commonly called a "Terrorist", probably due to its cameo appearance in the "Back to the Future" film in which it is driven by a group of Libyan terrorists.

Question: Minä vuonna Volkswagen Transporter T3 tuotiin markkinoille?


Volkswagen Type 2

Context: In 1988, a luxury variant – the Volkswagen Caravelle – made its debut in the Mexican market to compete with the Nissan Ichi Van, which was available in cargo, passenger and luxury versions.

Question: Minä vuonna Volkswagen Transporter T3 tuotiin markkinoille?


Volkswagen Type 2

Context: The main differences between the two are that the Caravelle was sold as an eight-passenger version, while the Combi was available as a nine-passenger version, the Caravelle was only painted in metallic colors, while the Combi was only available in non-metallic colors, and the Caravelle was fitted with an AM/FM stereo cassette sound system, tinted windows, velour upholstery, reading lights, mid and rear headrests, and wheel covers from the European T3 model.

Question: Minä vuonna Volkswagen Transporter T3 tuotiin markkinoille?


Volkswagen Type 2

Context: In 1991, the higher roof made its debut in all variants, and the Combi began to be offered in eight- or nine-passenger variants. In 1991, since Mexican anti-pollution regulations required a three-way catalytic converter, a Digifant fuel injection system replaced the previous carburetor. The three variants continued without change until 1994.

Question: Minä vuonna Volkswagen Transporter T3 tuotiin markkinoille?


Volkswagen Type 2

Context: In 1994, production ended in Mexico, with models being imported from Brazil. The Caravelle was discontinued, and both the Combi and the Panel were only offered in white color and finally in 2002, replaced by the T4 EuroVan Pasajeros and EuroVan Carga, passenger and cargo van in long wheelbase version, inline five-cylinder 2.5 L 115 bhp and five-speed manual gearbox imported from Germany.

Question: Minä vuonna Volkswagen Transporter T3 tuotiin markkinoille?


Carrie (novel)

Context: Several adaptations of "Carrie" have been released, including a 1976 feature film, a 1988 Broadway musical as well as a 2012 off-Broadway revival, a , a 2002 television film, and a 2013 feature film, which serves as a remake of the 1976 film. The book is dedicated to King's wife Tabitha King: "This is for Tabby, who got me into it—and then bailed me out of it."

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: Sue, who has been following Carrie's "broadcast," finds her collapsed in the parking lot, bleeding from the knife wound. The two have a brief telepathic conversation. Carrie had believed that Sue and Tommy had set her up for the prank, but realizes that Sue is innocent and has never felt real animosity towards her. Carrie forgives her and then dies, crying out for her mother.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: "Carrie" is a horror novel, and is an example of supernatural and gothic fiction. It is an epistolary novel: the narrative is organized through a collection of reports and excerpts in approximate chronological order, and is structured around a framing device consisting of multiple narrators. Leigh A. Ehlers, a literary scholar, has argued that this structure is used to indicate that no particular viewpoint, scientific or otherwise, can explain Carrie and the prom night event.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: "Carrie" was actually King's fourth novel (the other three being "Rage", "The Long Walk" and "Blaze"), but it was the first one to be published. It was written while he was living in a trailer, on a portable typewriter (on which he also wrote "Misery") that belonged to his wife Tabitha. It began as a short story intended for "Cavalier" magazine, but King tossed the first three pages of his work in the garbage can. Of King's published short stories at the time, he recalled,

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: His wife fished the pages out of the garbage can and encouraged him to finish the story, saying that she would help him with the female perspective; he followed her advice and expanded it into a novel. King said, "I persisted because I was dry and had no better ideas… my considered opinion was that I had written the world's all-time loser."

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: The character of Carrie White is based on a composite of two girls Stephen King observed while attending grade school and high school. Of one of them, he recalled:

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: Carrie's telekinesis resulted from King's earlier reading about this topic. King recalls, ""Carrie" was written after "Rosemary's Baby", but before "The Exorcist", which really opened up the field. I didn't expect much of "Carrie". I thought, 'Who'd want to read a book about a poor little girl with menstrual problems?' I couldn't believe I was writing it."

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: Recalling, King was not confident in the beginning of the novel, since he could not relate to Carrie's problems and doubted the significance of the novel. With the support of his wife Tabitha, then employed in a doughnut shop, he decided to proceed with his writings. King structured his novel to have multiple self-conscious narrators, having three narrators reinforces the novel's warning against the limitations of reason and the potential for abuse in the product of reason.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: A 1999 sequel to the first film titled "", starring Emily Bergl, was based on the premise that Carrie's father had numerous affairs and had another daughter with telekinetic powers. Amy Irving reprises her role as Sue Snell, the only survivor of the prom and now a school counselor.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: In 2002, a made-for-television film of the same name was released, starring Angela Bettis as Carrie, Kandyse McClure as Sue, Emilie de Ravin as Chris, and Patricia Clarkson as Margaret. However, in this version, Carrie survives the end of the story.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: A Broadway musical adaptation, "Carrie", was staged in 1988; it had transferred to Broadway from the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. The book and orchestrations were revised and updated for a 2012 Off-Broadway production. The 2012 Off-Broadway production was a moderate success receiving mainly positive reviews unlike its predecessor.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: Playwright Erik Jackson acquired King's consent to stage a non-musical spoof, which premiered off-Broadway in 2006 with female impersonator Keith Levy (also known as Sherry Vine) in the lead role.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: In December 2019, Collider reported that a new adaptation, a miniseries, was in development at FX and MGM Television.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: The television series "Riverdale" featured an episode based on the musical, "", with series stars Madelaine Petsch and Emilija Baranac, who played the characters Cheryl Blossom and Midge Klump as different versions of Carrie, respectively.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


Carrie (novel)

Context: The music video for "Hell in the Hallways" by the American metalcore band Ice Nine Kills is based on the story, with Isabel McGinity as Carrie.

Question: Mistä Carrie -romaani kertoo?


History of Karelia

Context: The History of Karelia is about the cultural and geopolitical region of Karelia, in present-day eastern Finland and northwestern Russia in northern Europe. The Karelian people's presence can be dated back to the 7th millennium BC–6th millennium BC.

Question: Mikä sota päättyi Pähkinäsaaren rauhaan?


History of Karelia

Context: Karelia is primarily within the Scandinavian and Russian taiga habitat and ecoregion, which was rich in natural resources for prehistoric people's food and shelter needs. The mining of copper in Karelia began between 1 AD and 1000 AD. The ethnic composition of Karelia at the end of the 1st millennium consisted of Finnic tribes.

Question: Mikä sota päättyi Pähkinäsaaren rauhaan?


History of Karelia

Context: The Treaty of Nystad (Finnish: "Uudenkaupungin rauha") in 1721 between Imperial Russia and Sweden ceded most of Karelia, as the Vyborg Governorate, to Russia. The Treaty of Åbo in 1743 between Sweden and Russia then ceded South Karelia to Russia. After Finland had been occupied by Russia in the Finnish War, parts of the ceded provinces 'Old Finland' were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Finland, in the Russian Empire.

Question: Mikä sota päättyi Pähkinäsaaren rauhaan?


History of Karelia

Context: In 1917, with Finland's declaration of independence, Finland became independent and the border was confirmed in 1920 by the Russian–Finnish Treaty of Tartu. This included the Finnish Viipuri Province in Karelia from 1917 to 1947.

Question: Mikä sota päättyi Pähkinäsaaren rauhaan?


History of Karelia

Context: Following the Russian Revolution and the Finnish Civil War, Finns were involved in attempts to overthrow the Bolshevists in Russian Karelia (East Karelia), for instance in the failed Aunus expedition. These mainly private expeditions ended after the peace Treaty of Tartu. After the end of the Russian Civil War, and the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922, the Russian part of Karelia became the Karelian Autonomous republic of the Soviet Union (ASSR) in 1923.

Question: Mikä sota päättyi Pähkinäsaaren rauhaan?


History of Karelia

Context: During Soviet Union's first five-year plan (1928 to 1932) tens of thousands of gulag prisoners were used to dig the White Sea–Baltic Canal. In the years of the Stalin's Great Purge (1936 to 1938) around 6,000 people were executed in the woods at Sandormokh near the Solovetsky Islands.

Question: Mikä sota päättyi Pähkinäsaaren rauhaan?


History of Karelia

Context: In 1939 the Soviet Union attacked Finland starting the Winter War. The Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940 handed the eastern half of Finnish Karelia to the Soviet Union. About 400,000 people, virtually the whole population, had to be relocated within Finland. In 1941 Finland attacked the Soviet Union alongside the Axis powers as co-belligerents. The Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia administered the region during 1941–1944.

Question: Mikä sota päättyi Pähkinäsaaren rauhaan?


History of Karelia

Context: The ceding of the eastern half of Finnish Karelia to the Soviets caused considerable bitterness in Finland, which had lost its fourth largest city, Viipuri, its industrial heartland along the River Vuoksi, its Saimaa canal that connected central Finland to the Gulf of Finland, and its access to the fishing waters of Lake Ladoga (Finnish: "Laatokka"). The serious loss also made of an eighth of the Finnish population displaced refugees, without a chance of return to their Karelian homeland.

Question: Mikä sota päättyi Pähkinäsaaren rauhaan?


History of Karelia

Context: As a consequence of the peace treaty, the Karelian ASSR was incorporated with the Karelo-Finnish SSR 1941–1956, after which it became an ASSR again. Karelia was the only Soviet republic that was "demoted" from an SSR to an ASSR within the Russian SFR. Unlike autonomous republics, soviets republics had the constitutional right to secede. The possible fear of secession, as well as the Russian ethnic majority in Karelia may have resulted in its "demotion."

Question: Mikä sota päättyi Pähkinäsaaren rauhaan?


Norilsk

Context: Enriched nickel and copper are transported from Dudinka to Murmansk by sea, and from there to the Monchegorsk enrichment and smelting plant on the Kola Peninsula, while more precious content goes upriver to Krasnoyarsk. This transportation takes place only during the summer. The port of Dudinka is closed and dismantled during spring flooding in late May, when waters can rise by up to (a typical spring occurrence on all Siberian rivers, caused by winter ice obstructing meltwater from upstream).

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: In June 2020, 20,000 tons of diesel fuel spilled from the tank of an NTEK power plant, polluting hundreds of square kilometers and causing serious damage to the local ecosystem.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: In September 2021, the composition of the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was updated. Sergei Sizonenko was elected deputy for Taymyr constituency No. 23.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: Life expectancy for local residents is about 10 years less than average Russian life expectancy, which as of 2013 was around 69 years.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: As of January 1, 2021, in terms of population, the city ranked 103rd out of 1,116 cities in the Russian Federation.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: The midnight sun is above the horizon from May 20 to July 24, and the time when the sun does not rise, polar night, lasts from approximately November 30 to January 13.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: Summer is short (mid-July) and cool, with an average July high of +14.3°C, though temperatures can sometimes rise above .

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: Much of the surrounding area is naturally treeless tundra, and there are very few trees in the city itself.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: The closure of the nickel plant in June 2016 was an important step toward the improvement of the environmental situation in the city, and made it possible to cut annual pollutant emissions from the plant by about 400,000 tons.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: Since 2017, internet connection speeds have improved due to the installation of a 957-km (595 mi) communications cable laid along the Yenisei River toward Krasnoyarsk.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: On June 3, 2019, the city switched to digital television, and most TV channels stopped broadcasting using an analogue signal.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: The city has 80 institutions in the general education system: 38 pre-school educational and 29 secondary schools, six preparatory schools, one lyceum, and six further education institutions (the Station for Young Technicians, the Center for Extracurricular Activities, the House of Children's Creativity, the Social and Educational Center, the Station for Children's and Youth Tourism and Excursions, and the Palace of Creativity for Children and Youth).

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: The city hosts several annual major cultural and entertainment festivals, such as the Bolshoi Argish festival, the Land is Our Common Home festival, and others.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: As in other cities built around metallurgical enterprises, Metallurgist's Day (July 17) is an important festival. Members of indigenous northern ethnicities (Nenets, Dolgans, etc.) celebrate the festival of Heiro, which marks the return of the sun to the sky after the polar night.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: One of the main challenges was to minimize the impact of strong winds. The first solutions were unsuccessful (it was initially assumed that snow would be swept out along the city's streets, which were specially laid out along the axes of the prevailing winds, but the winds turned out to be too strong, and there was too much snow). After that, the decision was taken to use compact perimeter blocks, which determined the appearance of the city.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: The city is unusual in that its gas and water pipes, which are typically laid underground elsewhere, run overground. This is due to the problems created by the seasonal melting and freezing of the top layer of permafrost.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: The city center is dominated by buildings in neoclassical style, with outlying residential areas consisting of tower blocks.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: Apart from "Zapolyarnaya Pravda", the local print-based press consists of free papers containing adverts and commercial information.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: The healthcare sector also features a broad range of private institutions offering a variety of services.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: December 2021 saw the inauguration of the first of five healthcare centers Nornickel had promised to build. The remaining four are expected to start operating before 2025.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Norilsk

Context: On December 17, 2020, Nornickel announced the opening of Aika, a sports center of over 10,000 square meters. The company has invested 3.6 billion rubles into its construction.

Question: Mikä on maailman pohjoisin kaupunki?


Catalonia

Context: Catalonia (; ; Aranese Occitan: "Catalonha" ; ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a "nationality" by its Statute of Autonomy.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The name "Catalonia" (; ), spelled "Cathalonia", began to be used for the homeland of the Catalans ("Cathalanenses") in the late 11th century and was probably used before as a territorial reference to the group of counties that comprised part of the March of Gothia and the March of Hispania under the control of the Count of Barcelona and his relatives. The origin of the name "Catalunya" is subject to diverse interpretations because of a lack of evidence.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: One theory suggests that "Catalunya" derives from the name "Gothia" (or "Gauthia") "Launia" ("Land of the Goths"), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, known as "Gothia", whence "Gothland" > > > > "Catalonia" theoretically derived. During the Middle Ages, Byzantine chroniclers claimed that "Catalania" derives from the local medley of Goths with Alans, initially constituting a "Goth-Alania".

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In English, "Catalonia" is pronounced . The native name, "Catalunya", is pronounced in Central Catalan, the most widely spoken variety, whose pronunciation is considered standard. The Spanish name is "Cataluña" (), and the Aranese name is "Catalonha" ().

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Neolithic era began in Catalonia around 5000 BC, although the population was slower to develop fixed settlements than in other places, thanks to the abundance of woods, which allowed the continuation of a fundamentally hunter-gatherer culture. An example of such settlements would be La Draga, an "early Neolithic village which dates from the end of the 6th millennium BC."

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Conversion to Christianity, attested in the 3rd century, was completed in urban areas in the 4th century. Although Hispania remained under Roman rule and did not fall under the rule of Vandals, Swabians and Alans in the 5th century, the main cities suffered frequent sacking and some deurbanization.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: These counties came under the rule of the counts of Barcelona, who were Frankish vassals nominated by the emperor of the Franks, to whom they were feudatories (801–988). The earliest known use of the name "Catalonia" for these counties dates to 1117. At the end of the 9th century, the Count of Barcelona Wilfred the Hairy (878-897) made his titles hereditaries and thus founded the dynasty of the House of Barcelona, which ruled Catalonia until 1410.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In the later Middle Ages, Catalan literature flourished in Catalonia proper and in the kingdoms of Majorca and Valencia, with such remarkable authors as the philosopher Ramon Llull, the Valencian poet Ausiàs March, and Joanot Martorell, author of the novel Tirant lo Blanch, published in 1490.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: By virtue of descent from his maternal grandparents, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, in 1516 Charles I of Spain became the first king to rule the Crowns of Castile and Aragon simultaneously by his own right. Following the death of his paternal (House of Habsburg) grandfather, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, he was also elected Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1519.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: After the electoral victory of the left wing Popular Front in February 1936, the Government of Catalonia was pardoned and the self-government restored.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: During later stages of Francoist Spain, certain folkloric and religious celebrations in Catalan resumed and were tolerated. Use of Catalan in the mass media had been forbidden, but was permitted from the early 1950s in the theatre. Despite the ban during the first years and the difficulties of the next period, publishing in Catalan continued throughout his rule.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In November 2003, elections to the Parliament of Catalonia gave the government to a left-wing catalanist coalition formed by the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC-PSOE), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV), and the socialist Pasqual Maragall was appointed president. The new government redacted a new version of the Statute of Autonomy, with the aim of consolidate and expand certain aspects of self-government.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In 2018, the Assemblea Nacional Catalana joined the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) on behalf of Catalonia.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: On 14 October 2019, the Spanish Supreme court sentenced several Catalan political leaders, involved in organizing a referendum on Catalonia's independence from Spain, and convicted them on charges ranging from sedition to misuse of public funds, with sentences ranging from 9 to 13 years in prison. This decision sparked demonstrations around Catalonia. They were later pardoned by the Spanish government and left prison in June 2021.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In the Mediterranean area, summers are dry and hot with sea breezes, and the maximum temperature is around . Winter is cool or slightly cold depending on the location. It snows frequently in the Pyrenees, and it occasionally snows at lower altitudes, even by the coastline. Spring and autumn are typically the rainiest seasons, except for the Pyrenean valleys, where summer is typically stormy.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The inland part of Catalonia is hotter and drier in summer. Temperature may reach , some days even . Nights are cooler there than at the coast, with the temperature of around . Fog is not uncommon in valleys and plains; it can be especially persistent, with freezing drizzle episodes and subzero temperatures during winter, mainly along the Ebro and Segre valleys and in Plain of Vic.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Catalonia has a marked geographical diversity, considering the relatively small size of its territory. The geography is conditioned by the Mediterranean coast, with of coastline, and the towering Pyrenees along the long northern border. Catalonia is divided into three main geomorphological units:

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Central Catalan Depression is a plain located between the Pyrenees and Pre-Coastal Mountains. Elevation ranges from . The plains and the water that descend from the Pyrenees have made it fertile territory for agriculture and numerous irrigation canals have been built. Another major plain is the Empordà, located in the northeast.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Catalonia is a showcase of European landscapes on a small scale. Just over hosting a variety of substrates, soils, climates, directions, altitudes and distances to the sea. The area is of great ecological diversity and a remarkable wealth of landscapes, habitats and species.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The fauna of Catalonia comprises a minority of animals endemic to the region and a majority of non-native animals. Much of Catalonia enjoys a Mediterranean climate (except mountain areas), which makes many of the animals that live there adapted to Mediterranean ecosystems. Of mammals, there are plentiful wild boar, red foxes, as well as roe deer and in the Pyrenees, the Pyrenean chamois. Other large species such as the bear have been recently reintroduced.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Waters of Balearic Sea are rich in biodiversity, and even the megafaunas of ocean; various type of whales (such as fin, sperm, and pilot) and dolphins live within the area.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Most of Catalonia belongs to the Mediterranean Basin. The Catalan hydrographic network consists of two important basins, the one of the Ebro and the one that comprises the internal basins of Catalonia (respectively covering 46.84% and 51.43% of the territory), all of them flow to the Mediterranean. Furthermore, there is the Garona river basin that flows to the Atlantic Ocean, but it only covers 1.73% of the Catalan territory.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Catalan coast is almost rectilinear, with a length of and few landforms—the most relevant are the Cap de Creus and the Gulf of Roses to the north and the Ebro Delta to the south. The Catalan Coastal Range hugs the coastline, and it is split into two segments, one between L'Estartit and the town of Blanes (the Costa Brava), and the other at the south, at the Costes del Garraf.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The principal rivers in Catalonia are the Ter, Llobregat, and the Ebro (Catalan: ), all of which run into the Mediterranean.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: After Franco's death in 1975 and the adoption of a democratic constitution in Spain in 1978, Catalonia recovered and extended the powers that it had gained in the Statute of Autonomy of 1932 but lost with the fall of the Second Spanish Republic at the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: This autonomous community has gradually achieved more autonomy since the approval of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The Generalitat holds exclusive jurisdiction in education, health, culture, environment, communications, transportation, commerce, public safety and local government, and only shares jurisdiction with the Spanish government in justice. In all, some analysts argue that formally the current system grants Catalonia with "more self-government than almost any other corner in Europe".

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Two major factors were Spain's Constitutional Court's 2010 decision to declare part of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia unconstitutional, as well as the fact that Catalonia contributes 19.49% of the central government's tax revenue, but only receives 14.03% of central government's spending.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In the 25 November 2012 Catalan parliamentary election, sovereigntist parties supporting a secession referendum gathered 59.01% of the votes and held 87 of the 135 seats in the Catalan Parliament. Parties supporting independence from the rest of Spain obtained 49.12% of the votes and a majority of 74 seats.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia is the fundamental organic law, second only to the Spanish Constitution from which the Statute originates.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In the Spanish Constitution of 1978 Catalonia, along with the Basque Country and Galicia, was defined as a "nationality". The same constitution gave Catalonia the automatic right to autonomy, which resulted in the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Both the 1979 Statute of Autonomy and the current one, approved in 2006, state that "Catalonia, as a nationality, exercises its self-government constituted as an Autonomous Community in accordance with the Constitution and with the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, which is its basic institutional law, always under the law in Spain".

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Catalan Statute of Autonomy establishes that Catalonia, as an autonomous community, is organised politically through the Generalitat of Catalonia (Catalan: ), conformed by the Parliament, the Presidency of the Generalitat, the Government or Executive Council and the other institutions established by the Parliament, among them the Ombudsman (), the Office of Auditors () the Council for Statutory Guarantees () or the Audiovisual Council of Catalonia ().

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Most of the justice system is administered by national judicial institutions, the highest body and last judicial instance in the Catalan jurisdiction, integrating the Spanish judiciary, is the High Court of Justice of Catalonia. The criminal justice system is uniform throughout Spain, while civil law is administered separately within Catalonia. The civil laws that are subject to autonomous legislation have been codified in the Civil Code of Catalonia () since 2002.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Navarre, the Basque Country and Catalonia are the Spanish communities with the highest degree of autonomy in terms of law enforcement.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Catalonia is organised territorially into provinces, further subdivided into comarques and municipalities. The 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia establishes the administrative organisation of three local authorities: vegueries, comarques, and municipalities.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Aran Valley (Val d'Aran), previously considered a comarca, obtained in 1990 a particular status within Catalonia due to its differences in culture and language, as Occitan is the native language of the Valley, being administed by a body known as the (General Council of Aran). Since 2015 it is definied as "unique territorial entity", while the powers of the Conselh Generau were expanded.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The "vegueria" is a proposed type of division defined as a specific territorial area for the exercise of government and inter-local cooperation with legal personality. The current Statute of Autonomy states vegueries are intended to supersede provinces in Catalonia, and take over many of functions of the comarques.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The territorial plan of Catalonia () provided six general functional areas, but was amended by Law 24/2001, of 31 December, recognizing the Alt Pirineu i Aran as a new functional area differentiated of Ponent. On 14 July 2010 the Catalan Parliament approved the creation of the functional area of the Penedès.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Catalonia's long-term credit rating is BB (Non-Investment Grade) according to Standard & Poor's, Ba2 (Non-Investment Grade) according to Moody's, and BBB- (Low Investment Grade) according to Fitch Ratings. Catalonia's rating is tied for worst with between 1 and 5 other autonomous communities of Spain, depending on the rating agency.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The city of Barcelona occupies the eighth position as the best world city to live, work, research and visit in 2021, according to the report "The World's Best Cities 2021", prepared by Resonance Consultancy and released this Sunday, 3 January, on Barcelona's town hall .

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Catalan capital, despite the current moment of crisis, is also one of the European bases of "reference for start-ups" and the fifth city in the world to establish one of these companies, behind London, Berlin, Paris and Amsterdam, according to the Eu-Starts-Up 2020 study.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Barcelona is behind London, New York, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo, Dubai and Singapore and ahead of Los Angeles and Madrid.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In the context of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, Catalonia was expected to suffer a recession amounting to almost a 2% contraction of its regional GDP in 2009. Catalonia's debt in 2012 was the highest of all Spain's autonomous communities, reaching €13,476 million, i.e. 38% of the total debt of the 17 autonomous communities, but in recent years its economy recovered a positive evolution and the GDP grew a 3.3% in 2015.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Catalonia is amongst the List of country subdivisions by GDP over 100 billion US dollars and is a member of the Four Motors for Europe organisation.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The main tourist destinations in Catalonia are the city of Barcelona, the beaches of the Costa Brava in Girona, the beaches of the Costa del Maresme and Costa del Garraf from Malgrat de Mar to Vilanova i la Geltrú and the Costa Daurada in Tarragona. In the High Pyrenees there are several ski resorts, near Lleida. On 1 November 2012, Catalonia started charging a tourist tax. The revenue is used to promote tourism, and to maintain and upgrade tourism-related infrastructure.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The stock market of Barcelona, which in 2016 had a volume of around €152 billion, is the second largest of Spain after Madrid, and Fira de Barcelona organizes international exhibitions and congresses to do with different sectors of the economy.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The main economic cost for the Catalan families is the purchase of a home. According to data from the Society of Appraisal on 31 December 2005 Catalonia is, after Madrid, the second most expensive region in Spain for housing: 3,397 €/m2 on average (see Spanish property bubble).

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Airports in Catalonia are owned and operated by Aena (a Spanish Government entity) except two airports in Lleida which are operated by Aeroports de Catalunya (an entity belonging to the Government of Catalonia).

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The development of these infrastructures, resulting from the topography and history of the Catalan territory, responds strongly to the administrative and political organization of this autonomous community.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The principal highways are  AP-7  () and  A-7  (). They follow the coast from the French border to Valencia, Murcia and Andalusia. The main roads generally radiate from Barcelona. The  AP-2  () and  A-2  () connect inland and onward to Madrid.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Public-own roads in Catalonia are either managed by the autonomous government of Catalonia (e.g.,  C-  roads) or the Spanish government (e.g.,  AP- ,  A- ,  N-  roads).

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Catalonia saw the first railway construction in the Iberian Peninsula in 1848, linking Barcelona with Mataró. Given the topography most lines radiate from Barcelona. The city has both suburban and inter-city services. The main east coast line runs through the province connecting with the SNCF (French Railways) at Portbou on the coast.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: There are two publicly owned railway companies operating in Catalonia: the Catalan FGC that operates commuter and regional services, and the Spanish national Renfe that operates long-distance and high-speed rail services (AVE and Avant) and the main commuter and regional service , administered by the Catalan government since 2010.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: As of 2017, the official population of Catalonia was 7,522,596. 1,194,947 residents did not have Spanish citizenship, accounting for about 16% of the population.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Urban Region of Barcelona includes 5,217,864 people and covers an area of . The metropolitan area of the Urban Region includes cities such as L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Sabadell, Terrassa, Badalona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet and Cornellà de Llobregat.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Immigrants from other countries settled in Catalonia since the 1990s; a large percentage comes from Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe, and smaller numbers from Asia and Southern Europe, often settling in urban centers such as Barcelona and industrial areas. In 2017, Catalonia had 940,497 foreign residents (11.9% of the total population) with non-Spanish ID cards, without including those who acquired the Spanish citizenship.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Originating in the historic territory of Catalonia, Catalan has enjoyed special status since the approval of the Statute of Autonomy of 1979 which declares it to be "Catalonia's own language", a term which signifies a language given special legal status within a Spanish territory, or which is historically spoken within a given region. The other languages with official status in Catalonia are Spanish, which has official status throughout Spain, and Aranese Occitan, which is spoken in Val d'Aran.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Although not considered an "official language" in the same way as Catalan, Spanish, and Occitan, the Catalan Sign Language, with about 18,000 users in Catalonia, is granted official recognition and support: "The public authorities shall guarantee the use of Catalan sign language and conditions of equality for deaf people who choose to use this language, which shall be the subject of education, protection and respect."

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Rural–urban migration originating in other parts of Spain also reduced the social use of Catalan in urban areas and increased the use of Spanish. Lately, a similar sociolinguistic phenomenon has occurred with foreign immigration. Catalan cultural activity increased in the 1960s and the teaching of Catalan began thanks to the initiative of associations such as Òmnium Cultural.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The law ensures that both Catalan and Spanish – being official languages – can be used by the citizens without prejudice in all public and private activities. The Generalitat uses Catalan in its communications and notifications addressed to the general population, but citizens can also receive information from the Generalitat in Spanish if they so desire. Debates in the Catalan Parliament take place almost exclusively in Catalan and the Catalan public television broadcasts programs basically in Catalan.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Due to the intense immigration which Spain in general and Catalonia in particular experienced in the first decade of the 21st century, many foreign languages are spoken in various cultural communities in Catalonia, of which Rif-Berber, Moroccan Arabic, Romanian and Urdu are the most common ones.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The most important painting museums of Catalonia are the Teatre-Museu Dalí in Figueres, the National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC), Picasso Museum, Fundació Antoni Tàpies, Joan Miró Foundation, the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art (MACBA), the Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona (CCCB) and the CaixaForum.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The oldest surviving literary use of the Catalan language is considered to be the religious text known as Homilies d'Organyà, written either in late 11th or early 12th century.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: After the transition to democracy (1975–1978) and the restoration of the Generalitat (1977), literary life and the editorial market have returned to normality and literary production in Catalan is being bolstered with a number of language policies intended to protect Catalan culture. Besides the aforementioned authors, other relevant 20th-century writers of the Francoist and democracy periods include Joan Brossa, Agustí Bartra, Manuel de Pedrolo, Pere Calders or Quim Monzó.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Ana María Matute, Jaime Gil de Biedma, Manuel Vázquez Montalbán and Juan Goytisolo are among the most prominent Catalan writers in the Spanish language since the democratic restoration in Spain.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Castells are one of the main manifestations of Catalan popular culture. The activity consists in constructing human towers by competing (teams). This practice originated in Valls, on the region of the Camp de Tarragona, during the 18th century, and later it was extended along the next two centuries to the rest of the territory. The tradition of els Castells i els Castellers was declared Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2010.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In main celebrations, other elements of the Catalan popular culture are also usually present: parades with (giants), bigheads, stick-dancers and musicians, and the , where devils and monsters dance and spray showers of sparks using firecrackers. Another traditional celebration in Catalonia is , declared a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO on 25 November 2005.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Christmas in Catalonia lasts two days, plus Christmas Eve. On the 25th, Christmas is celebrated, followed by a similar feast on the 26, called Sant Esteve (Saint Steve's Day). This allows families to visit and dine with different sectors of the extended family, or get together with friends on the second day.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: In addition to traditional local Catalan culture, traditions from other parts of Spain can be found as a result of migration from other regions, for instance the celebration of the Andalusian in Catalonia.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: On 28 July 2010, second only after the Canary Islands, Catalonia became another Spanish territory to forbid bullfighting. The ban, which went into effect on 1 January 2012, had originated in a popular petition supported by over 180,000 signatures.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Cellist Pau Casals is admired as an outstanding player. Other popular musical styles were born in the second half of the 20th century such as Nova Cançó from the 1960s with Lluís Llach and the group Els Setze Jutges, the Catalan rumba in the 1960s with Peret, Catalan Rock from the late 1970s with La Banda Trapera del Río and Decibelios for Punk Rock, Sau, Els Pets, Sopa de Cabra or Lax'n'Busto for pop rock or Sangtraït for hard rock, electropop since the 1990s with OBK and indie pop from the 1990s.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Catalonia is the autonomous community, along with Madrid, that has the most media (TV, magazines, newspapers etc.). In Catalonia there is a wide variety of local and comarcal media. With the restoration of democracy, many newspapers and magazines, until then in the hands of the Franco government, were recovered in order to convert them into free and democratic media, while local radios and televisions were implemented.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The two main Catalan newspapers of general information are "El Periódico de Catalunya" and "La Vanguardia", both with editions in Catalan and Spanish. Catalan only published newspapers include "Ara" and "El Punt Avui" (from the fusion of "El Punt" and "Avui" in 2011), as well as most part of the local press. The Spanish newspapers, such as "El País", "El Mundo" or "La Razón", can be also acquired.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Catalonia has a long tradition of use of radio, the first regular radio broadcast in the country was from Ràdio Barcelona in 1924. Today, the public Catalunya Ràdio (owned by Catalan Media Corporation) and the private RAC 1 (belonging to Grup Godó) are the two main radios of Catalonia, both in Catalan.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Museum of Cinema - Tomàs Mallol Collection (Museu del Cinema - Col.lecció Tomàs Mallol in Catalan) of Girona is home of important permanent exhibitions of cinema and pre-cinema objects. Other important institutions for the promotion of cinema are the Gaudí Awards (Premis Gaudí in Catalan, which replaced from 2009 Barcelona Film Awards themselves created in 2002), serving as equivalent for Catalonia to the Spanish Goya or French César.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: is a form of ancestral Catalan wisdom or sensibleness. It involves well-pondered perception of situations, level-headedness, awareness, integrity, and right action. Many Catalans consider seny something unique to their culture, is based on a set of ancestral local customs stemming from the scale of values and social norms of their society.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Sport has had a distinct importance in Catalan life and culture since the beginning of the 20th century; consequently, the region has a well-developed sports infrastructure. The main sports are football, basketball, handball, rink hockey, tennis and motorsport.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Catalan Football Federation also periodically fields a national team against international opposition, organizing friendly matches. In the recent years they have played with Bulgaria, Argentina, Brazil, Basque Country, Colombia, Nigeria, Cape Verde and Tunisia. The biggest football clubs are FC Barcelona (also known as Barça), who have won five European Cups (UEFA Champions League), and RCD Espanyol, who have twice been runner-up of the UEFA Cup. Both play in La Liga.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: The Catalan waterpolo is one of the main powers of the Iberian Peninsula. The Catalans won triumphs in waterpolo competitions at European and world level by club (the Barcelona was champion of Europe in 1981/82 and the Catalonia in 1994/95) and national team (one gold and one silver in Olympic Games and World Championships). It also has many international synchronized swimming champions.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Motorsport has a long tradition in Catalonia, which involving many people, with some world champions and several competitions organized since the beginning of the 20th century. The Circuit de Catalunya, built in 1991, is one of the main motorsport venues, holding the Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix, the Spanish F1 Grand Prix, a DTM race, and several other races.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Catalonia

Context: Catalan vineyards also have several wines, such as: Priorat, Montsant, Penedès and Empordà. There is also a sparkling wine, the cava.

Question: Kuinka moneen maakuntaan Katalonia on jaettu?


Antestor

Context: In the late 1990s they dubbed their musical style as "sorrow metal" rather than black metal because the black metal movement was publicly affiliated with Satanism in Norway. According to "HM" magazine, the progressive elements on the debut album, "Martyrium", were possibly ahead of their time in the Norwegian extreme metal scene.

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: In 1990, the band was formed under the name Crush Evil by Lars Stokstad, Kjetil Molnes, Øyvind Hope and Erling Jørgensen in Jessheim, Norway. Paul W joined them as a drummer later on. Back then, the band's music style was a mixture of death metal, doom metal, and thrash metal.

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: In 1991, they recorded and released their first demo, "The Defeat of Satan", which contains three songs and an outro. The band is Christian and over the course of their career have received death threats because of this.

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: In 1993, Vegard Undal joined the band as a bassist and Svein Sander became their drummer. During that time, they changed the name Crush Evil to Antestor, which is Latin () for "to call to witness" or "testify". "Despair" was their first self-released demo, and was released under the band name Antestor. The demo starts with an intro and ends with a cover of an old Norwegian hymn, called "Jesus, Jesus, Ver Du Hjå Meg" ("Jesus, Jesus, Be With Me"). Strawberry Records pressed 600 copies of the recording.

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: New drummer Tony Kirkemo joined the band later in 2005 as live session drummer. The band played live shows rarely and only at explicitly Christian music festivals. Examples of performances the group have made in 2000s include the concerts at Bobfest in 2000 in Stockholm and 2004 in Linköping, and at the Nordic Fest 2004 in Oslo.

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: Some of the members still play in the black metal band Vaakevandring, who played a reunion concert in 2007 together with Antestor at the Endtime Festival held at the end of March 2007 in Halmstad. Antestor performed the concert with numerous session musicians. In this concert the band announced that this is their last live show for a while.

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: On April 12, 2015, guitarist Robert Bordevik announced his departure from the band. After Bordevik's departure, Rolfsen returned to the band as their guitarist. Bordevik also returned to the band, as their bassist.

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: "Sorg" (Norwegian for: grief, sorrow, sadness), however, deals with the themes of the sorrow and the search for hope, with the song based on darker imagery, and the lyrics are not explicitly Christian yet are not negative in the end. An example (in the Norwegian language):

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: Another song that is also a dark, but this takes on Christian theme, is "Ancient Prophecy". The lyrics tells that the man was sinful, and no one can escape the court of God. Antestor process in their lyrics also topics such as suicide, doubts about the certainty of salvation, and longing death, all of which are rare themes for a Christian band. An example from the text "Betrayed" from the album "The Forsaken":

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: Very few published reviews of the band's albums exist, yet the ones that are available are positive, often good and some excellent. Michael Bryzak writes in the liner notes of "The Defeat of Satan / Despair" that, although the first album was not officially released until 2000, ""Martyrium" was rightfully considered a cult classic."

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Antestor

Context: Jamie Lee Rake of "HM Magazine" wrote of the Endtime Productions re-release of "Martyrium", wondering if the progressive elements of the album made the band unnoticed innovators in the early Norwegian extreme metal scene:

Question: Mikä on Antestorin kuunnelluin kappale?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: Wilh. Wilhelmsen Holding ASA (WWH) is a Norwegian multinational maritime group, headquartered in Lysaker, Norway. The group employs more than 21,000 people and has operations in 75 nations. The Wilhelmsen group operates the largest maritime network in the world, with over 2200 locations worldwide.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: In 1861, the company was founded by (Morten) Wilhelm Wilhelmsen in the town of Tønsberg, Norway. During the next two decades, Wilhelmsen's fleet increased with an average of one ship per year and by 1886 Wilhelmsen was Tønsberg's largest shipowner.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: In 1886, Wilhelmsen's eldest son, Halfdan Wilhelmsen joined the firm and was instrumental in the company's move from sail ships to its first steamship. In late 1887, the company acquired the 1,800-ton freighter, "Talabot". The steamship was a profitable investment for the Wilhelmsens and the letter "T" became synonymous with the company's naming tradition for its vessels.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: In 1890, Halfdan Wilhelmsen laid the basis of the company's core business - liner trades. In 1911 NAAL (The Norwegian Africa and Australia Line) was established.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: A turning point in the expansion of the Roll-on/roll-off operations was the full acquisition in November 1995 of NAL (Norwegian America Line) and its 7 Car Carriers.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: NAL also owned a 70% stake in NOSAC (Norwegian Specialised Autocarcarriers), already in partnership with Wilh. Wilhelmsen Line, that was owning the remaining 30% share.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: At that time, NAL was facing a cargo volume downturn and an overall profits reduction, that made register lower than expected financial results in 1994-1995.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: However the NOSAC takeover was fundamental not only to increase the fleet of nearly further 20 Car Carrier vessels, but also to fully step into the Korean market, where the company was previously awarded Kia Motors contract to ship cars from South Korea to United States, from 1996 to 1998.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: Halfdan Wilhelmsen was the father of Mistress of the Robes Else Werring (1905–89), married to ship-owner Niels Roth Heyerdahl Werring (1897–1990). Wilhelm Wilhelmsen (1872) was the father of ship-owner Tom Wilhelmsen (1911–78), who was the father of the owners of the Wilh. Wilhelmsen company: Morten Wilhelm Wilhelmsen (1937-2020), Cecilie Paus (born 1943) and Helen Juell (born 1947). Cecilie Paus is the mother of fashion designer Pontine Paus and of Olympia Paus, wife of Alexander Nix.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: The group both owns and charters vessels, which are deployed in the fleets operated by subsidiaries Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics, American Roll-on Roll-off Carrier, United European Car Carriers and EUKOR Car Carriers. This last, corresponding to the former Roll-on/roll-off division of Hyundai Merchant Marine, was jointly acquired for an 80% by Wilhelmsen and Wallenius Line in November 2002, once the European Commission officially cleared the purchase and consequent re-branding.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: In June 2011, Wilh. Wilhelmsen acquired the , first of a class of "Mark V" roro ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries; they are the largest roro ships in the world.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: In association with maritime transport, WW offers various types of logistics service on land – terminal and technical services, procurement of inland transport and supply chain management for vehicles. In addition to logistical services offered through WWL, the WW group has interests in South Korea's Glovis, Australia's Kaplan and the two US companies American Auto Logistics and American Logistics Network.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: During the early hours of 14 December 2002, MV Tricolor (ex Nosac Sun, built in 1987) was sailing from Zeebrugge, Belgium to Southampton, U.K., with a load of nearly 2871 brand new BMW, Volvo and SAAB automobiles.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: She collided in the English Channel with mv Kariba, a 1982 Bahamian-flagged container ship. Kariba was able to continue on, but Tricolor sank and required salvage by wreck cutting. No casualties occurred.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


Wilh. Wilhelmsen

Context: In between end of 2018 and beginning of 2019, at least two operated vessels ("MV Thalatta" and "MV Morning Composer") heading towards Australian ports, were stopped by the Australian authorities being suspected to carry cargo contaminated by the presence of the Brown marmorated stink bug. The vessels faced serious delays, and were asked to leave Australia territorial waters after a long wait at anchorage, being finally denied to enter any port until new fumigation performed on all cargo.

Question: Kuka omistaa Wilhelmsen Ship Management AS:n?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: DDR3 is a DRAM interface specification. The actual DRAM arrays that store the data are similar to earlier types, with similar performance. The primary benefit of DDR3 SDRAM over its immediate predecessor, DDR2 SDRAM, is its ability to transfer data at twice the rate (eight times the speed of its internal memory arrays), enabling higher bandwidth or peak data rates.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: The DDR3 standard permits DRAM chip capacities of up to 8 gigabits (Gbit), and up to four ranks of 64 bits each for a total maximum of 16 gigabytes (GB) per DDR3 DIMM. Because of a hardware limitation not fixed until Ivy Bridge-E in 2013, most older Intel CPUs only support up to 4-Gbit chips for 8 GB DIMMs (Intel's Core 2 DDR3 chipsets only support up to 2 Gbit). All AMD CPUs correctly support the full specification for 16 GB DDR3 DIMMs.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: In February 2005, Samsung introduced the first prototype DDR3 memory chip. Samsung played a major role in the development and standardisation of DDR3. In May 2005, Desi Rhoden, chairman of the JEDEC committee, stated that DDR3 had been under development for "about 3 years".

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: In September 2012, JEDEC released the final specification of DDR4. The primary benefits of DDR4 compared to DDR3 include a higher standardized range of clock frequencies and data transfer rates and significantly lower voltage.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: Compared to DDR2 memory, DDR3 memory uses less power. Some manufacturers further propose using "dual-gate" transistors to reduce leakage of current.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: According to JEDEC, 1.575 volts should be considered the absolute maximum when memory stability is the foremost consideration, such as in servers or other mission-critical devices. In addition, JEDEC states that memory modules must withstand up to 1.80 volts before incurring permanent damage, although they are not required to function correctly at that level.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: Another benefit is its prefetch buffer, which is 8-burst-deep. In contrast, the prefetch buffer of DDR2 is 4-burst-deep, and the prefetch buffer of DDR is 2-burst-deep. This advantage is an enabling technology in DDR3's transfer speed.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: DDR3 modules can transfer data at a rate of 800–2133 MT/s using both rising and falling edges of a 400–1066 MHz I/O clock. This is twice DDR2's data transfer rates (400–1066 MT/s using a 200–533 MHz I/O clock) and four times the rate of DDR (200–400 MT/s using a 100–200 MHz I/O clock). High-performance graphics was an initial driver of such bandwidth requirements, where high bandwidth data transfer between framebuffers is required.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: Because the hertz is a measure of "cycles" per second, and no signal cycles more often than every other transfer, describing the transfer rate in units of MHz is technically incorrect, although very common. It is also misleading because various memory timings are given in units of clock cycles, which are half the speed of data transfers.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: DDR3 does use the same electric signaling standard as DDR and DDR2, Stub Series Terminated Logic, albeit at different timings and voltages. Specifically, DDR3 uses SSTL_15.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: DDR3 dual-inline memory modules (DIMMs) have 240 pins and are electrically incompatible with DDR2. A key notch—located differently in DDR2 and DDR3 DIMMs—prevents accidentally interchanging them. Not only are they keyed differently, but DDR2 has rounded notches on the side and the DDR3 modules have square notches on the side. DDR3 SO-DIMMs have 204 pins.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: DDR3 latencies are numerically higher because the I/O bus clock cycles by which they are measured are shorter; the actual time interval is similar to DDR2 latencies, around 10 ns. There is some improvement because DDR3 generally uses more recent manufacturing processes, but this is not directly caused by the change to DDR3.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: CAS latency (ns) = 1000 × CL (cycles) ÷ clock frequency (MHz) = 2000 × CL (cycles) ÷ transfer rate (MT/s)

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: While the typical latencies for a JEDEC DDR2-800 device were 5-5-5-15 (12.5 ns), some standard latencies for JEDEC DDR3 devices include 7-7-7-20 for DDR3-1066 (13.125 ns) and 8-8-8-24 for DDR3-1333 (12 ns).

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: As with earlier memory generations, faster DDR3 memory became available after the release of the initial versions. DDR3-2000 memory with 9-9-9-28 latency (9 ns) was available in time to coincide with the Intel Core i7 release in late 2008, while later developments made DDR3-2400 widely available (with CL 9–12 cycles = 7.5–10 ns), and speeds up to DDR3-3200 available (with CL 13 cycles = 8.125 ns).

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: Power consumption of individual SDRAM chips (or, by extension, DIMMs) varies based on many factors, including speed, type of usage, voltage, etc. Dell's Power Advisor calculates that 4 GB ECC DDR1333 RDIMMs use about 4 W each. By contrast, a more modern mainstream desktop-oriented part 8 GB, DDR3/1600 DIMM, is rated at 2.58 W, despite being significantly faster.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: DDR3-xxx denotes data transfer rate, and describes DDR chips, whereas PC3-xxxx denotes theoretical bandwidth (with the last two digits truncated), and is used to describe assembled DIMMs. Bandwidth is calculated by taking transfers per second and multiplying by eight. This is because DDR3 memory modules transfer data on a bus that is 64 data bits wide, and since a byte comprises 8 bits, this equates to 8 bytes of data per transfer.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: With two transfers per cycle of a quadrupled clock signal, a 64-bit wide DDR3 module may achieve a transfer rate of up to 64 times the memory clock speed. With data being transferred 64 bits at a time per memory module, DDR3 SDRAM gives a transfer rate of (memory clock rate) × 4 (for bus clock multiplier) × 2 (for data rate) × 64 (number of bits transferred) / 8 (number of bits in a byte). Thus with a memory clock frequency of 100 MHz, DDR3 SDRAM gives a maximum transfer rate of 6400 MB/s.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: The data rate (in MT/s) is twice the I/O bus clock (in MHz) due to the double data rate of DDR memory. As explained above, the bandwidth in MB/s is the data rate multiplied by eight.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: CL – CAS Latency clock cycles, between sending a column address to the memory and the beginning of the data in response

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: Fractional frequencies are normally rounded down, but rounding up to 667 is common because of the exact number being 666 and rounding to the nearest whole number. Some manufacturers also round to a certain precision or round up instead. For example, PC3-10666 memory could be listed as PC3-10600 or PC3-10700.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: Note: All items listed above are specified by JEDEC as JESD79-3F.All RAM data rates in-between or above these listed specifications are not standardized by JEDEC—often they are simply manufacturer optimizations using higher-tolerance or overvolted chips. Of these non-standard specifications, the highest reported speed reached was equivalent to DDR3-2544, as of May 2010.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: Alternative naming: DDR3 modules are often incorrectly labeled with the prefix PC (instead of PC3), for marketing reasons, followed by the data-rate. Under this convention PC3-10600 is listed as PC1333.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: DDR3 memory utilizes serial presence detect. Serial presence detect (SPD) is a standardized way to automatically access information about a computer memory module, using a serial interface. It is typically used during the power-on self-test for automatic configuration of memory modules.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: Release 4 of the DDR3 Serial Presence Detect (SPD) document (SPD4_01_02_11) adds support for Load Reduction DIMMs and also for 16b-SO-DIMMs and 32b-SO-DIMMs.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: JEDEC Solid State Technology Association announced the publication of Release 4 of the DDR3 Serial Presence Detect (SPD) document on September 1, 2011.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: In addition to bandwidth designations (e.g. DDR3-800D), and capacity variants, modules can be one of the following:

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: Both FBDIMM (fully buffered) and LRDIMM (load reduced) memory types are designed primarily to control the amount of electric current flowing to and from the memory chips at any given time. They are not compatible with registered/buffered memory, and motherboards that require them usually will not accept any other kind of memory.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


DDR3 SDRAM

Context: JEDEC Solid State Technology Association announced the publication of JEDEC DDR3L on July 26, 2010 and the DDR3U in October 2011.

Question: Milloin DDR3 muisti tuli markkinoille?


Mona Lisa

Context: The Mona Lisa (; or "Monna Lisa" ; ) is a half-length portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, it has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world". The painting's novel qualities include the subject's enigmatic expression, the monumentality of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric illusionism.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: The "Mona Lisa" is one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known painting insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962 (equivalent to $870 million in 2021).

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: Vasari's account of the "Mona Lisa" comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. It has long been the best-known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter. Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1524, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named "la Gioconda", a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: That Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume by ancient Roman philosopher Cicero. Dated October 1503, the note was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci. This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: In response to the announcement of the discovery of this document, Vincent Delieuvin, the Louvre representative, stated "Leonardo da Vinci was painting, in 1503, the portrait of a Florentine lady by the name of Lisa del Giocondo. About this we are now certain. Unfortunately, we cannot be absolutely certain that this portrait of Lisa del Giocondo is the painting of the Louvre."

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: The likely model, Lisa del Giocondo, was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany, and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo. The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea. The Italian name for the painting, , means 'jocund' ('happy' or 'jovial') or, literally, 'the jocund one', a pun on the feminine form of Lisa's married name, Giocondo. In French, the title has the same meaning.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: In the current catalogue raisonné of Leonardo da Vinci, only Isabella d'Este is documented as a plausible alternative.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: Isabella d'Este (1474-1539) was Margravine of Mantua and the most famous patron of the arts of her time. Leonardo da Vinci was her sister Beatrice d'Este's court painter in the Duchy of Milan. In 1499, after the expulsion of the Sforza (his employers), Leonardo fled to the court of Isabella d'Este. Over a period of three months, Leonardo made several portrait drawings of Isabella (documented by letters). One of these drawings, a profile drawing, is preserved in the Louvre and shows similarities.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: From the subsequent years 1501 to 1506, several letters survive in which Isabella — directly and through agents — pursued da Vinci with demands for the promised execution of the (oil) portrait (and her agents promised or also confirmed Leonardo's commencement) — the "Mona Lisa" falls precisely within this period. In 1504 Isabella d'Este announced more interest in another motif, which is consistent with the whereabouts of the painting called "Mona Lisa" with Leonardo.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: The hierarchical society of the Renaissance makes the portrait of an upper class noble woman more likely than the wife of a modestly merchant, especially for "Mona Lisa".

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: The Louvre's caveat is Isabella d'Este's alleged blonde hair. Yet Isabella's portraits "Ambras miniature" and " Isabella in Red" represent brown hair and also further similarities (see image). Blonde hair is now only depicted in Titian's retrospective portrait "Isabella in Black". Despite its circulation, this identification is disputed (outside the documentation of its own museum), as the head shows neither idealisation by beauty nor similarities with the two colour portraits mentioned above.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: There has been much speculation regarding the painting's model and landscape. For example, Leonardo probably painted his model faithfully since her beauty is not seen as being among the best, "even when measured by late quattrocento (15th century) or even twenty-first century standards." Some art historians in Eastern art, such as Yukio Yashiro, argue that the landscape in the background of the picture was influenced by Chinese paintings, but this thesis has been contested for lack of clear evidence.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: Research in 2003 by Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University said that Mona Lisa's smile disappears when observed with direct vision, known as foveal. Because of the way the human eye processes visual information, it is less suited to pick up shadows directly; however, peripheral vision can pick up shadows well.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: Research in 2008 by a geomorphology professor at Urbino University and an artist-photographer revealed likenesses of "Mona Lisa"s landscapes to some views in the Montefeltro region in the Italian provinces of Pesaro and Urbino, and Rimini.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: After the French Revolution, the painting was moved to the Louvre, but spent a brief period in the bedroom of Napoleon (d. 1821) in the Tuileries Palace. The "Mona Lisa" was not widely known outside the art world, but in the 1860s, a portion of the French intelligentsia began to hail it as a masterwork of Renaissance painting.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), the painting was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: During World War II, it was again removed from the Louvre and taken first to the Château d'Amboise, then to the Loc-Dieu Abbey and Château de Chambord, then finally to the Ingres Museum in Montauban.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: On 30 December 1956, Bolivian Ugo Ungaza Villegas threw a rock at the "Mona Lisa" while it was on display at the Louvre. He did so with such force that it shattered the glass case and dislodged a speck of pigment near the left elbow. The painting was protected by glass because a few years earlier a man who claimed to be in love with the painting had cut it with a razor blade and tried to steal it.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: In recent decades, the painting has been temporarily moved to accommodate renovations to the Louvre on three occasions: between 1992 and 1995, from 2001 to 2005, and again in 2019. A new queuing system introduced in 2019 reduces the amount of time museum visitors have to wait in line to see the painting. After going through the queue, a group has about 30 seconds to see the painting.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: On 29 May 2022, a male activist, disguised as a woman in a wheelchair, threw cake at the protective glass covering the painting in an apparent attempt to raise awareness for climate change. The painting was not damaged. The man was arrested and placed in psychiatric care in the police headquarters. An investigation was opened after the Louvre filed a complaint.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: The picture is kept under strict, climate-controlled conditions in its bulletproof glass case. The humidity is maintained at 50% ±10%, and the temperature is maintained between 18 and 21 °C. To compensate for fluctuations in relative humidity, the case is supplemented with a bed of silica gel treated to provide 55% relative humidity.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: The "Mona Lisa" has had many different decorative frames in its history, owing to changes in taste over the centuries. In 1909, the art collector Comtesse de Béhague gave the portrait its current frame, a Renaissance-era work consistent with the historical period of the "Mona Lisa". The edges of the painting have been trimmed at least once in its history to fit the picture into various frames, but no part of the original paint layer has been trimmed.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: In 1977, a new insect infestation was discovered in the back of the panel as a result of crosspieces installed to keep the painting from warping. This was treated on the spot with carbon tetrachloride, and later with an ethylene oxide treatment. In 1985, the spot was again treated with carbon tetrachloride as a preventive measure.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: On the 500th anniversary of the master's death, the Louvre held the largest ever single exhibit of Leonardo works, from 24 October 2019 to 24 February 2020. The "Mona Lisa" was not included because it is in such great demand among visitors to the museum; the painting remained on display in its gallery.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: Today the "Mona Lisa" is considered the most famous painting in the world, a destination painting, but until the 20th century it was simply one among many highly regarded artworks.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: From December 1962 to March 1963, the French government lent it to the United States to be displayed in New York City and Washington, D.C. It was shipped on the new ocean liner SS "France". In New York, an estimated 1.7 million people queued "in order to cast a glance at the "Mona Lisa" for 20 seconds or so." While exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the painting was nearly drenched in water because of a faulty sprinkler, but the painting's bullet-proof glass case protected it.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: In 2014, 9.3 million people visited the Louvre. Former director Henri Loyrette reckoned that "80 percent of the people only want to see the "Mona Lisa"."

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: Before the 1962–1963 tour, the painting was assessed for insurance at $100 million (equivalent to in ), making it, in practice, the most highly-valued painting in the world. The insurance was not purchased; instead, more was spent on security.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: In 2014, a France 24 article suggested that the painting could be sold to help ease the national debt, although it was observed that the "Mona Lisa" and other such art works were prohibited from being sold due to French heritage law, which states that "Collections held in museums that belong to public bodies are considered public property and cannot be otherwise."

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: A version of "Mona Lisa" known as ("Woman by Leonardo da Vinci's hand", Museo del Prado, Madrid) was for centuries considered to be a work by Leonardo. However, since its restoration in 2012, it is now thought to have been executed by one of Leonardo's pupils in his studio at the same time as "Mona Lisa" was being painted. The Prado's conclusion that the painting is probably by Salaì (1480–1524) or by Melzi (1493–1572) has been called into question by others.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: The restored painting is from a slightly different perspective than the original "Mona Lisa", leading to the speculation that it is part of the world's first stereoscopic pair. However, a more recent report has demonstrated that this stereoscopic pair in fact gives no reliable stereoscopic depth.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Mona Lisa

Context: A version known as the "Hermitage Mona Lisa" is in the Hermitage Museum and it was made by an unknown 16th-century artist. This portrait is very different from the Mona Lisa of Louvre; the most important difference concerns the woman's face: here the protagonist is much younger than the lady shown in the famous Louvre's picture.

Question: Kuka oli Mona Lisa?


Ganymede (moon)

Context: Galileo claimed the right to name the moons he had discovered. He considered "Cosmian Stars" and settled on "Medicean Stars", in honor of Cosimo II de' Medici.

Question: Mikä on Aurinkokunnan suurin kuu?


Canada Day

Context: In 1946, Philéas Côté, a Quebec member of the House of Commons, introduced a private member's bill to rename Dominion Day as "Canada Day". The bill was passed quickly by the lower chamber but was stalled by the Senate, which returned it to the Commons with the recommendation that the holiday be renamed "The National Holiday of Canada", an amendment that effectively killed the bill.

Question: Milloin on Kandan päivä?


Canada Day

Context: In the national capital of Ottawa, concerts and cultural displays are held on the front lawn of Parliament Hill, as organized by Canadian Heritage, which include the main "noon show" and an evening programme. Typically the governor general and prime minister officiate, though the monarch or another member of the Royal Family may also attend or take the governor general's place. Smaller events are mounted in other parks around the city and in neighbouring Gatineau, Quebec.

Question: Milloin on Kandan päivä?


Canada Day

Context: In 2022, in-person festivities in Ottawa will return, being re-located from Parliament Hill to LeBreton Flats.

Question: Milloin on Kandan päivä?


Canada Day

Context: Given the federal nature of the anniversary, celebrating Canada Day can be a cause of friction in the province of Quebec, where the holiday is overshadowed by Quebec's Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day (Fête nationale), on June 24. For example, the federal government funds Canada Day events at the Old Port of Montreal—an area run by a federal Crown corporation—while the Fête nationale parade is a grassroots effort that has been met with pressure to cease, even from federal officials.

Question: Milloin on Kandan päivä?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: In 2020, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: Two weeks later, the Minister demonstrates Alex's rehabilitation to a gathering of officials. Alex is unable to fight back against an actor who taunts and attacks him and becomes ill wanting sex with a topless woman. The prison chaplain complains that Alex has been robbed of his free will; the Minister asserts that the Ludovico technique will cut crime and alleviate crowding in prisons.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: The film's central moral question is the definition of "goodness" and whether it makes sense to use aversion therapy to stop immoral behaviour. Stanley Kubrick, writing in "Saturday Review", described the film as:

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: On the other side, the Minister of the Interior (the Government) jails Mr Alexander (the Dissident Intellectual) on the excuse of his endangering Alex (the People), rather than the government's totalitarian regime (described by Mr Alexander). It is unclear whether or not he has been harmed; however, the Minister tells Alex that the writer has been denied the ability to write and produce "subversive" material that is critical of the incumbent government and meant to provoke political unrest.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: Psychiatrist Aaron Stern, the former head of the MPAA rating board, believed that Alex represents man in his natural state, the unconscious mind. Alex becomes "civilised" after receiving his Ludovico "cure" and the sickness in the aftermath Stern considered to be the "neurosis imposed by society".

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: Anthony Burgess sold the film rights of his novel for US$500 (), shortly after its publication in 1962. Originally, the film was projected to star the rock band The Rolling Stones, with the band's lead singer Mick Jagger expressing interest in playing the lead role of Alex, and British filmmaker Ken Russell attached to direct. However, this never came to fruition due to problems with the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), and the rights ultimately fell to Kubrick.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: McDowell was chosen for the role of Alex after Kubrick saw him in the film "if..." (1968). When asking why he was picked for the role, Kubrick told him: "You can exude intelligence on the screen." He also helped Kubrick on the uniform of Alex's gang, when he showed Kubrick the cricket whites he had. Kubrick asked him to put the box (jockstrap) not under but on top of the costume.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: Burgess's own stage adaptation of the novel, "A Clockwork Orange: A Play with Music" (1984), contains a direct reference to Kubrick. In the final moment of the play Alex joins in a song with the other characters. In the script's stage directions it states that while this happens: "A man bearded like Stanley Kubrick comes on playing, in exquisite counterpoint, 'Singin’ in the Rain' on the trumpet. He is kicked off the stage."

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: "A Clockwork Orange" was photographed mostly on location in metropolitan London and within quick access of Kubrick's then home in Barnet Lane, Elstree.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: Shooting began on 7 September 1970 with call sheet no. 1 at the Duke Of New York pub: an unused scene and the first of many unused locations. A few days later, shooting commenced in Alex's Ludovico treatment bedroom and the Serum 114 injection by Dr Branom.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: New Year's Eve started with rehearsals at the Korova Milk Bar and shooting finished after four continuous days on 8 January.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: The few scenes not shot on location were the Korova Milk Bar, the prison check-in area, Alex having a bath at F. Alexander's house, and two corresponding scenes in the hallway. These sets were built at an old factory on Bullhead Road, Borehamwood, which also served as the production office. Seven call sheets are missing from the Stanley Kubrick Archive, so some locations, such as the hallway, cannot be confirmed.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: The main theme is an electronic arrangement of Henry Purcell's "Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary", and also heard are two of Edward Elgar's "Pomp and Circumstance Marches".

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 87% based on 77 reviews, with an average rating of 8.8/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Disturbing and thought-provoking, "A Clockwork Orange" is a cold, dystopian nightmare with a very dark sense of humor". Metacritic gives the film a score of 77 out of 100, based on reviews by 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: The film was a box-office success, grossing $41 million in the United States and about $73 million overseas for a worldwide total of $114 million on a budget of $1.3 million.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: The film was also successful in the United Kingdom, playing for over a year at the Warner West End in London. After two years of release, the film had earned Warner Bros. rentals of $2.5 million in the United Kingdom and was the number three film for 1973 behind "Live and Let Die" and "The Godfather".

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: In the United States, "A Clockwork Orange" was given an X rating in its original release in 1972. Later, Kubrick replaced approximately 30 seconds of sexually explicit footage from two scenes with less explicit action to obtain an R rating re-release later in 1972.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: Because of the explicit sex and violence, The National Catholic Office for Motion Pictures rated it "C" ("condemned"), a rating which forbade Roman Catholics seeing the film. In 1982, the office abolished the "condemned" rating. Subsequently, films deemed to have unacceptable levels of sex and violence by the Conference of Bishops are rated "O", "morally offensive".

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: The film was withdrawn from British release in 1973 by Warner Bros at the request of Kubrick. In response to allegations that the film was responsible for copycat violence Kubrick stated:

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: In Ireland, the film was banned on 10 April 1973. Warner Bros. decided against appealing the decision. Eventually, the film was passed uncut for cinema on 13 December 1999 and released on 17 March 2000. The re-release poster, a replica of the original British version, was rejected due to the words "ultra-violence" and "rape" in the tagline. Head censor Sheamus Smith explained his rejection to "The Irish Times":

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: In Singapore, the film was banned for over 30 years, before an attempt at release was made in 2006. However, the submission for an M18 rating was rejected, and the ban was not lifted. The ban was later lifted and the film was shown uncut (with an R21 rating) on 28 October 2011, as part of the Perspectives Film Festival.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: In South Africa, it was banned under the apartheid regime for 13 years, then in 1984 was released with one cut and only made available to people over the age of 21. It was banned in South Korea and in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Nova Scotia. The Maritime Film Classification Board also reversed the ban eventually. Both jurisdictions now grant an "R" rating to the film.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: In Brazil, the film was banned under the military dictatorship until 1978, when the film was released in a version with black dots covering the genitals and breasts of the actors in the nude scenes.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: In Spain, the film debuted at the 1975 Valladolid International Film Festival under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. It was expected to be screened in the University of Valladolid but, due to student protests, the university had been closed for two months. The final screenings were in the commercial festival venues, with long queues of expectant students. After the festival, the film went into the arthouse circuit and later in commercial cinemas successfully.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: In Malta, a ban on the film was lifted in 2000, when it was shown in local cinemas for the first time. The film was brought up during the compilation of evidence on the rape and murder of Paulina Dembska, which took place on 2 January 2022 in Sliema, as the accused attacker compared himself to Alex during police interrogation.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: In 2021, a 4K restoration was completed with Kubrick’s former assistant Leon Vitali working closely with Warner Bros. during the mastering process. A release date for the 4K Blu-ray was set for September later in the year.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: "A Clockwork Orange" remains an influential work in cinema and other media. The film is frequently referenced in popular culture, which Adam Chandler of "The Atlantic" attributes to Kubrick's "genre-less" directing techniques that brought novel innovation in filming, music, and production that had not been seen at the time of the film's original release.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


A Clockwork Orange (film)

Context: "A Clockwork Orange" was added to the National Film Registry in 2020 as a work considered to be of "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significance.

Question: Minä vuonna Kellopeliappelsiini julkaistiin?


Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Context: The Turkish invasion of Cyprus was launched on 20 July 1974, following the Cypriot coup d'état on 15 July 1974.

Question: Miksi Kreikan sotilashallitus perustettiin?


Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Context: The coup was ordered by the military junta in Greece and staged by the Cypriot National Guard in conjunction with EOKA B. It deposed the Cypriot president Archbishop Makarios III and installed Nikos Sampson. The aim of the coup was the union ("enosis") of Cyprus with Greece, and the Hellenic Republic of Cyprus to be declared.

Question: Miksi Kreikan sotilashallitus perustettiin?


Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Context: The Turkish forces landed in Cyprus on 20 July and captured 3% of the island before a ceasefire was declared. The Greek military junta collapsed and was replaced by a civilian government. Following the breakdown of peace talks, another Turkish invasion in August 1974 resulted in the capture of approximately 36% of the island. The ceasefire line from August 1974 became the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus and is commonly referred to as the Green Line.

Question: Miksi Kreikan sotilashallitus perustettiin?


Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Context: At this time the population of Cyprus was composed of both Greeks and Turks, who identified themselves with their respective homeland. However, the elites of both communities shared the belief that they were socially more progressive and better educated, and therefore distinct from the mainlanders. Greek and Turkish Cypriots lived quietly side by side for many years.

Question: Miksi Kreikan sotilashallitus perustettiin?


Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Context: Broadly, three main forces can be held responsible for transforming two ethnic communities into two national ones: education, British colonial practices, and insular religious teachings accompanying economic development. Formal education was perhaps the most important as it affected Cypriots during childhood and youth; education has been a main vehicle of transferring inter-communal hostility.

Question: Miksi Kreikan sotilashallitus perustettiin?


Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Context: British colonial policies, such as the principle of "divide and rule", promoted ethnic polarisation as a strategy to reduce the threat to colonial control. For example, when Greek Cypriots rebelled in the 1950s, the Colonial Office expanded the size of the Auxiliary Police and in September 1955, established the Special Mobile Reserve which was made up exclusively of Turkish Cypriots, to combat EOKA. This and similar practices contributed to inter-communal animosity.

Question: Miksi Kreikan sotilashallitus perustettiin?


Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Context: These principles of secularism (laicism) and nationalism reduced Islam's role in the everyday life of individuals and emphasised Turkish identity as the main source of nationalism. Traditional education with a religious foundation was discarded and replaced with one that followed secular principles and, shorn of Arab and Persian influences, was purely Turkish. Turkish Cypriots quickly adopted the secular programme of Turkish nationalism.

Question: Miksi Kreikan sotilashallitus perustettiin?


Turkish invasion of Cyprus

Context: Under Ottoman rule Turkish Cypriots had been classified as Muslims, a distinction based on religion. Being thoroughly secular, Atatürk's programme made their Turkish identity paramount, and may have further reinforced their division from their Greek Cypriot neighbours.

Question: Miksi Kreikan sotilashallitus perustettiin?