Afrikaners

Context: Since 1994, significant numbers of White people have emigrated from South Africa. Large Afrikaner and English-speaking South African communities have developed in the UK and other developed countries. Between 1995 and 2005, more than one million South Africans emigrated overseas, citing the high rate of violent crime. Farmers have also emigrated to other parts of Africa to develop efficient commercial farming there.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: Botswana has a minority group of Afrikaners historically concentrated in the Ghanzi area. In 1898 the British South Africa Company offered land to settlers who moved to the region. from Historically, many depended upon trading for sustenance. Significant connections between the San people and Afrikaners occurred. Several members of the community have high positions in the Botswana government.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: There were 133,324 speakers of Afrikaans in Namibia, forming 9.5% of the total national population, according to the 1991 census. The majority identify with the Coloured and Baster communities of colour. Afrikaners are mostly found in Windhoek and in the Southern provinces; they have a population of around 100,000 in Namibia.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: A significant number of Afrikaners have migrated to Commonwealth nations such as Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Other popular destinations include the Netherlands, United Arab Emirates, and Hong Kong. Some have also settled in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and Qatar.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: Numerous young Afrikaners have taken advantage of working holiday visas made available by the United Kingdom, as well as the Netherlands and Belgium, to gain work experience. The scheme under which UK working holiday visas were issued ended on 27 November 2008; this was replaced by the Tier 5 (Youth Mobility) visa. South Africa has been excluded from the working holiday visa programme in the UK, Belgium, Netherlands, and the rest of the EU.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: As of 2011, Georgia is encouraging Afrikaner immigration to assist in reviving the country's agriculture industry, which has fallen on hard times. In 2018, there were reports that Russia might welcome 15,000 Afrikaners to southern Russia.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: At the time of settlement, Dutch traders and others came out of a majority- Protestant area, where the Reformation had resulted in high rates of literacy in the Netherlands. Boers in South Africa were part of the Calvinist tradition in the northern Europe Protestant countries. The original South African Boer republics were founded on the principles of the Dutch Reformed Church. Missionaries established new congregations on the frontier and churches were the center of communities.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: In 1985, 92% of Afrikaners identified as members of the Reformed churches that developed from this background. Pentecostal churches have also attracted new members.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: Afrikaans is offered at many universities outside of South Africa including in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Russia and the United States.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: Afrikaners have a long literary tradition, and have produced a number of notable novelists and poets, including Eugene Marais, Uys Krige, Elisabeth Eybers, Breyten Breytenbach, André Brink, C. J. Langenhoven and Etienne Leroux.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: Nobel Prize winner J.M. Coetzee is of Afrikaner descent, although he spoke English at home as a child in Cape Town. He has translated some works from Afrikaans and Dutch into English, but writes only in English.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: Afrikaner cuisine has contributed three unique terms to the South African lexicon, namely ('farmer/Boer food'), ('small pot food') and ('grilled meat'; frequently just , 'grilled'), although the latter (meaning "grilled meat") has actually expanded to a common South African habit.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: East Indian influence emerges in dishes such as and curry, and the use of turmeric and other spices in cooking. Afrikaner households often eat combinations such as -and-sausage, meat curry and rice, and even fish and chips (although the latter are bought rather than self-prepared). Other traditional Afrikaner dishes include , , , , and a variety of traditionally homemade but increasingly storebought pastries.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: Rugby, cricket and golf are generally considered to be the most popular sports among Afrikaners. Rugby in particular is considered one of the central pillars of the Afrikaner community. The national rugby team, the Springboks, did not compete in the first two rugby world cups in 1987 and 1991 because of anti-apartheid sporting boycotts of South Africa, but later on the Springboks won the 1995, 2007, and 2019 Rugby World Cups.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: ('farmer/Boer sport') also played a big role in the Afrikaner history. It consisted of a variety of sports like tug of war, three-legged races, , ('tortoise walk') and other games.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: The world's first ounce-denominated gold coin, the , was struck at the South African Mint on 3 July 1967. The name Krugerrand was derived from "Kruger" (after President Paul Kruger) and the "rand" monetary unit of South Africa.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: In April 2007, the South African Mint coined a collectors R1 gold coin commemorating the Afrikaner people as part of its cultural series, depicting the Great Trek across the Drakensberg mountains.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: The ("Afrikaans Language and Culture Association"), referred to by its initials, "ATKV", promotes Afrikaans language and culture.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: is a youth movement for Afrikaners in South Africa and Namibia with a membership of over 10,000 active members to promote cultural values, maintaining norms and standards as Christians, and being accountable members of public society.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: The vast majority of Afrikaners supported the Democratic Alliance (DA), the official opposition party, in the 2014 general election. The DA is a liberal party and a full member of Liberal International.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: Smaller numbers are involved in nationalist or separatist political organisations. The Freedom Front Plus (FF+) is an Afrikaner ethnic political party which lobbies for minority rights to be extended to Afrikaners. The FF+ is also leading the Volkstaat initiative and is closely associated with the small town of Orania. Then-Freedom Front Plus leader Dr Pieter Mulder served as Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in the Cabinet of President Jacob Zuma from 2009 to 2014.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: Very few Afrikaans-speaking white South Africans vote for the ruling ANC. Some prominent Afrikaner ANC politicians include Derek Hanekom, Marthinus van Schalkwyk, Andries Nel, Gert Oosthuizen and Carl Niehaus.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: In an online poll of the Beeld newspaper during November 2012, in which nearly 11,000 Afrikaners participated, 42% described themselves as conservative and 36% as liberal.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Afrikaners

Context: In the 2019 general elections, the FF+'s support surged in former strongholds of the DA. Senior FF+ member Philip van Staden said that his party had grown significantly in the election due to the DA leader Mmusi Maimane's positions on race and ethnic identity resulting in the estrangement of many Afrikaans-speaking white voters. The party has since gone on to win previous DA wards with concentrated Afrikaner populations.

Question: Milloin afrikaanerit termi on kehitetty?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: Municipal managers (, for cities, , for other municipalities) are civil servants named by the council. The city manager of Helsinki is called / "Lord Mayor" for historical reasons. There were previously no mayors in Finland, but after a change in law, Tampere was first city to elect a mayor ( / ) in 2007. The mayor is not, however, currently elected directly, but by the municipal council. The mayor acts as municipal manager and as a speaker of municipal council.

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: Although municipalities do not have police or legislative powers, local ordinances concerning traffic can be set, and municipal parking inspectors can give parking tickets. Municipalities are legal persons and can appear in an administrative court. Likewise, the state of Finland is a separate legal person.

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: Additionally, municipalities levy a property tax, amounting to 3.6% of income, which is comparatively low: the annual fee is 0.32-0.75% of net present value for permanent residences and 0.50-1.00% for leisure properties like summer cottages as well as undeveloped plots. This is always paid by the owner, never a tenant directly, unlike the council tax. Municipalities receive a share of corporate tax revenue () from companies having a place of business in the municipality (3.8% of income).

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: Some municipal functions receive direct funding both from the municipality and the state, e.g. AMK vocational colleges.

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: Finland has an extensive welfare state, and municipalities are responsible for much of the services to that end. Tasks of the municipalities are as follows:

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: Although municipalities are responsible for their own finances, there is much highly specific legislation and regulation that requires the services to be provided up to a standard. Thus, although municipalities have the power to voluntarily spend tax-generated income, they are required to first allocate funds to legally prescribed services.

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: Municipalities may provide some of these services through corporations that they own or from private companies that they regulate. For example,

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: Although related, urban areas in Finland ("taajama") are not local administrative units. A catalog is independently compiled each year by Statistics Finland, a state agency, and used primarily for traffic-related purposes (signage, speed limits, and highway planning). There are 745 officially recognized urban areas in Finland, 49 of which have more than 10,000 inhabitants and six more than 100,000.

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: Each municipality has a distinct coat of arms. They are posted on the municipal borders and shown in official documents representing the municipality. The coats of arms for many municipalities have been designed in the modern era, many of them by Gustaf von Numers. In addition, municipalities like Vantaa since 2015 and Helsinki since 2017 have a logo distinct from their coat of arms.

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: In 2012, Katainen's government published an extensive plan aiming at merging municipalities to reach a target of population 20,000 per municipality. Commuter belts have also been proposed as a target by a government committee, such that municipalities where more than 35% of workforce commutes would be subject to a merger.

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Municipalities of Finland

Context: The Sipilä cabinet, from 2015, has been preparing a significant reform of health and social services ("sote-uudistus"), aimed at increasing choice between municipal and private healthcare, and assigning some healthcare responsibilities into larger units than a municipality.

Question: Mikä on pinta-alaltaan Suomen suurin kunta?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Johanson–Blizzard syndrome is a rare, sometimes fatal autosomal recessive multisystem congenital disorder featuring abnormal development of the pancreas, nose and scalp, with intellectual disability, hearing loss and growth failure. It is sometimes described as a form of ectodermal dysplasia.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: The disorder is especially noted for causing profound developmental errors and exocrine dysfunction of the pancreas, and it is considered to be an inherited pancreatic disease.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Ductular output of fluids and electrolytes is preserved in the pancreas of many with Johanson–Blizzard syndrome, as well as moderate to normal levels of functioning bicarbonate.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: The primary malformation apparent with Johanson–Blizzard syndrome is hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the nasal alae, or "wing of the nose". Both hypoplasia and aplasia (partial or complete absence) of structural cartilage and tissue in this area of the nose, along with the underlying alae nasi muscle, are prevailing features of the disorder. Together, these malformations give the nose and nostrils an odd shape and appearance.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Intellectual disability ranging from mild to severe is present in the majority of Johanson–Blizzard syndrome patients, and is related to the deleterious nature of the known mutagen responsible for the disorder and its effects on the developing central nervous system. Normal intelligence and age appropriate social development, however, have been reported in a few instances of Johanson–Blizzard syndrome.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Johanson–Blizzard syndrome is caused by mutations in the "UBR1" gene, which encodes one of several "ubiquitin ligase" enzymes of the N-end rule pathway.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Missense, nonsense and splice site mutations of the "UBR1" gene in both parents have been found with JBS, confirming the homozygous nature of the JBS phenotype. Variability of the phenotype, associated with residual ubiquitin ligase activity in some patients, has also been attributed to hypomorphic mutations occasionally found in either of the carrier parents. The "UBR1" gene is located on human chromosome 15.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome may be diagnosed based on the identification of characteristic symptoms or by testing for mutations on the UBR1 gene which are known to case this disorder.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: While there is no cure for Johanson–Blizzard syndrome, treatment and management of specific symptoms and features of the disorder are applied and can often be successful. Variability in the severity of Johanson–Blizzard syndrome on a case-by-case basis determines the requirements and effectiveness of any treatment selected.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Pancreatic insufficiency and malabsorption can be managed with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, such as pancrelipase supplementation and other related methods.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Craniofacial and skeletal deformities may require surgical correction, using techniques including bone grafts and osteotomy procedures. Sensorineural hearing loss can be managed with the use of hearing aids and educational services designated for the hearing impaired.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Special education, specialized counseling methods and occupational therapy designed for those with intellectual disabilities have proven to be effective, for both the patient and their families.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

Context: Johanson–Blizzard syndrome was named after Ann J. Johanson and Robert M. Blizzard, the pediatricians who first described the disorder in a 1971 journal report.

Question: Mitkä ovat JBS oireet?


Stavanger

Context: The climate of the city is very mild by Nordic standards due to a strong maritime influence. As a result, winter usually remains above freezing whereas heat waves are rare and seldom long. Rainfall is common, although less so than in areas further north on the coastline.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The city's history is a continuous alternation between economic booms and recessions. For long periods of time its most important industries have been shipping, shipbuilding, the fish canning industry and associated subcontractors.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: Archaeological investigations in the current downtown and in the crypt of the Cathedral show that the great fire of 1272 probably left large parts of the city and the cathedral in ruins, including the Romanesque chancel of the cathedral. The reconstruction after the fire led to the cathedral's Western Front being replaced with a vestibule, as well as to the construction (or reconstruction) of St. Mary's Church, Bishop's Chapel, the Gothic cathedral and the expansion of the stone cellar at Kongsberg.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: Before repatriation, the Germans were required to remain and clean up after five years of occupation. There were 180 German minefields in Rogaland, with a total of 480,000 mines, all of which the German Wehrmacht were required to clear. 62 Germans were killed and 94 were injured during mine clearance in Rogaland. Mines from this period continue to be uncovered.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The Old Norse form of the name was "Stafangr". The origin of the name has been discussed for decades, and the most used interpretation is that it originally was the name of the inlet now called Vågen, which was the original site of the city, on the east shore of the bay.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The city has developed on both sides of a hollow that runs right through the terrain, with steep slopes up from the bottom. An extension of Boknafjorden and Byfjorden intersects the harbor into the hollow from the northwest, while Hillevåg lake intrudes from Gandsfjorden in the southeast. Breiavatnet is located between the two fjord arms.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The city includes many islands off the coast including: Bjørnøy, Buøy, Engøy, Grasholmen, Hellesøy, Hundvåg, Kalvøy, Lindøy, Sølyst, and Vassøy. It also includes the eastern half of the island of Åmøy.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: Around 1950, over half of the working population in the city employed in industry. Structural changes in industry and the strong development of the service sector has radically changed the city's economic base, and the service industry now represents over 11 percent of employment. However, the city still has 29 percent of the county's industrial employment.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: Employment by place of work and industry in 2007 to 0.6% in primary, 27.4% in secondary and tertiary industries 71.7%. Employment by place of work by sector in 2007 to 24.4% in the public sector and 75.6% in the private sector and public enterprises.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: NPD was created in 1972 by Ullandhaug and PSA was established on 1 January 2004 and co-located with the agency, as a regulatory body.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: Jåttåvågen, on Gandsfjorden, was from the 1970s to the 1990s a large industrial area, particularly for the construction of large concrete Condeep platforms and oil platforms for the offshore industry. Among others, the Condeep jacket for the three Gullfaks platforms and Troll A were cast here by Norwegian Contractors.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: On 18 December 2012, the new engine traffic road Solasplitten opened as a new thoroughfare eastward, north of Forus and the European route E39.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: There are plans to reestablish the ferry link to Newcastle in the United Kingdom, which was suspended in 2008.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The VID Specialized University has a long history in the city. This university began as the School of Mission and Theology or Misjonshøgskolen (MHS), being established in 1843 and accredited in 2008 as a research university. It has about 300 students from approximately 20 countries. MHS is owned by the Norwegian Missionary Society. The Centre for Intercultural Communication (SIK) is associated with the college's mission. In 2016 it became part of the VID Specialized University.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The Scandinavian School of Management offers college studies in Marketing and Management. The school is 92.5% owned by John Bauer Group.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The city has several museums and collections that are both local and national. The city's most visited museum is the Norwegian Petroleum Museum, opened in 1998. In its ten years of visitation records, from 1998 to 2008, almost 95,000 people visited the museum annually.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The city's oldest museum is Missjonmuseet, established in 1864, located on the ground floor of the faculty building at MHS. The museum has about 5,000 exhibits consisting of several objects of ethnographic and historical interest from the various mission fields of study.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: Rogaland Art Museum, located by a park, has paintings by Norwegian artist Edvard Munch, Christian Krogh, Eilif Peterssen and Harriet Backer, and also has the largest collection of Lars Hertervigs work. Other artists of Rogaland represented here include Kitty Kielland, Nicolai Ulfsten, Carl Sundt-Hansen, Olaf Lange and Aage Storstein.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: After a short stint in the second-tier division, OBOS-ligaen, in the 2018 season, Viking FK was once again promoted to the top-tier Eliteserien, and is to date the club with the most seasons at the highest level of Norwegian football, along with Trondheim rival Rosenborg BK.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: FK Vidar, another local football club, currently plays in the Norwegian second division, the third highest level on the football league pyramid.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The Sørmarka Arena is an indoor multi-purpose ice rink used for (inter)national ice speed skating competitions.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Stavanger

Context: The city centre itself is small and intimate, with narrow streets and open spaces protected from car traffic.

Question: Mikä Norjan kaupunki tunnetaan nimellä öljykaupunki?


Vaudeville

Context: Vaudeville developed from many sources, also including the concert saloon, minstrelsy, freak shows, dime museums, and literary American burlesque. Called "the heart of American show business", vaudeville was one of the most popular types of entertainment in North America for several decades.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: With its first subtle appearances within the early 1860s, vaudeville was not initially a common form of entertainment. The form gradually evolved from the concert saloon and variety hall into its mature form throughout the 1870s and 1880s. This more gentle form was known as "Polite Vaudeville".

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: In the 1920s, announcements seeking all-girl bands for vaudeville performances appeared in industry publications like "Billboard", "Variety" and in newspapers. Bands like The Ingenues and The Dixie Sweethearts were well-publicized, while other groups were simply described as "all-girl Revue". According to Feminist Theory, similar trends in theater and film objectified women, an example of male gaze, as women's role in public life was expanding.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: The line between live and filmed performances was blurred by the number of vaudeville entrepreneurs who made more or less successful forays into the movie business. For example, Alexander Pantages quickly realized the importance of motion pictures as a form of entertainment. He incorporated them in his shows as early as 1902. Later, he entered into a partnership with the Famous Players-Lasky, a major Hollywood production company and an affiliate of Paramount Pictures.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: Some in the industry blamed cinema's drain of talent from the vaudeville circuits for the medium's demise. Others argued that vaudeville had allowed its performances to become too familiar to its famously loyal, now seemingly fickle audiences.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: There was no abrupt end to vaudeville, though the form was clearly sagging by the late 1920s. Joseph Kennedy Sr. in a hostile buyout, acquired the Keith-Albee-Orpheum Theatres Corporation (KAO), which had more than 700 vaudeville theatres across the United States which had begun showing movies. The shift of New York City's Palace Theatre, vaudeville's center, to an exclusively cinema presentation on November 16, 1932, is often considered to have been the death knell of vaudeville.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: Though talk of its resurrection was heard during the 1930s and later, the demise of the supporting apparatus of the circuits and the higher cost of live performance made any large-scale renewal of vaudeville unrealistic.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: The most striking examples of Gilded Age theatre architecture were commissioned by the big time vaudeville magnates and stood as monuments of their wealth and ambition. Examples of such architecture are the theatres built by impresario Alexander Pantages. Pantages often used architect B. Marcus Priteca (1881–1971), who in turn regularly worked with muralist Anthony Heinsbergen. Priteca devised an exotic, neo-classical style that his employer called "Pantages Greek".

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: Some of the most prominent vaudevillians successfully made the transition to cinema, though others were not as successful. Some performers such as Bert Lahr fashioned careers out of combining live performance with radio and film roles. Many others later appeared in the Catskill resorts that constituted the "Borscht Belt".

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: Vaudeville was instrumental in the success of the newer media of film, radio, and television. Comedies of the new era adopted many of the dramatic and musical tropes of classic vaudeville acts. Film comedies of the 1920s through the 1940s used talent from the vaudeville stage and followed a vaudeville aesthetic of variety entertainment, both in Hollywood and in Asia, including China.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: References to vaudeville and the use of its distinctive argot continue throughout Western popular culture. Words such as "flop" and "gag" were terms created from the vaudeville era and have entered the American idiom. Though not credited often, vaudevillian techniques can commonly be witnessed on television and in movies, remarkably in the recent, worldwide phenomenon of tv shows such as America’s Got Talent.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: In 2018, noted film director Christopher Annino, maker of a new silent feature film, "Silent Times", founded Vaudeville Con, a gathering to celebrate the history of vaudeville. The first meeting was held in Pawcatuck, Connecticut.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: The records of the Tivoli Theatre are housed at the State Library of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, with additional personal papers of vaudevillian performers from the Tivoli Theatre, including extensive costume and set design holdings, held by the Performing Arts Collection, Arts Centre Melbourne.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: The American Vaudeville Museum, one of the largest collections of vaudeville memorabilia, is located at the University of Arizona.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: The Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres in Toronto houses the world's largest collection of vaudeville props and scenery.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Vaudeville

Context: The Benjamin Franklin Keith and Edward F. Albee Collection housed at the University of Iowa includes a large collection of managers' report books recording and commenting on the lineup and quality of the acts each night.

Question: Mikä on Vaudeville?


Cook Islands

Context: New Zealand is responsible for the Cook Islands' defence and foreign affairs, but these responsibilities are exercised in consultation with the Cook Islands. In recent times, the Cook Islands have adopted an increasingly independent foreign policy. Cook Islanders are citizens of New Zealand, but they also have the status of Cook Islands nationals, which is not given to other New Zealand citizens. The Cook Islands have been an active member of the Pacific Community since 1980.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: The Cook Islands' main population centres are on the island of Rarotonga (13,007 in 2016), where there is an international airport. The census of 2016 put the total population at 17,459. There is also a larger population of Cook Islanders in New Zealand itself: in the 2018 New Zealand census, 80,532 people said they were Cook Islanders, or of Cook Islands descent.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: With over 168,000 visitors travelling to the islands in 2018, tourism is the country's main industry, and the leading element of the economy, ahead of offshore banking, pearls, and marine and fruit exports.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: The Cook Islands were first settled around AD 1000 by Polynesian people who are thought to have migrated from Tahiti, an island to the northeast of the main island of Rarotonga.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: The British navigator Captain James Cook arrived in 1773 and again in 1777 giving the island of Manuae the name "Hervey Island". The "Hervey Islands" later came to be applied to the entire southern group. The name "Cook Islands", in honour of Cook, first appeared on a Russian naval chart published by Adam Johann von Krusenstern in the 1820s.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: In 1813 John Williams, a missionary on the "Endeavour" (not the same ship as Cook's) made the first recorded European sighting of Rarotonga. The first recorded landing on Rarotonga by Europeans was in 1814 by the "Cumberland"; trouble broke out between the sailors and the Islanders and many were killed on both sides. The islands saw no more Europeans until English missionaries arrived in 1821. Christianity quickly took hold in the culture and many islanders are Christians today.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: The islands were a popular stop in the 19th century for whaling ships from the United States, Britain and Australia. They visited, from at least 1826, to obtain water, food, and firewood. Their favourite islands were Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Mangaia and Penrhyn.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: On 13 July 2017, the Cook Islands established Marae Moana, making it become the world's largest protected area by size.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: Male homosexuality is illegal in the Cook Islands and is punishable by a maximum term of seven years imprisonment.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: There are island councils on all of the inhabited outer islands (Outer Islands Local Government Act 1987 with amendments up to 2004, and Palmerston Island Local Government Act 1993) except Nassau, which is governed by Pukapuka (Suwarrow, with only one caretaker living on the island, also governed by Pukapuka, is not counted with the inhabited islands in this context). Each council is headed by a mayor.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: The three "Vaka" councils of Rarotonga established in 1997 ("Rarotonga Local Government Act 1997"), also headed by mayors, were abolished in February 2008, despite much controversy.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: On the lowest level, there are village committees. Nassau, which is governed by Pukapuka, has an island committee (Nassau Island Committee), which advises the Pukapuka Island Council on matters concerning its own island.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: In the Cook Islands the Church is separate from the state, and most of the population is Christian. The religious distribution is as follows:

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: The various Protestant groups account for 62.8% of the believers, the most followed denomination being the Cook Islands Christian Church with 49.1%. Other Protestant Christian groups include Seventh-day Adventist 7.9%, Assemblies of God 3.7% and Apostolic Church 2.1%. The main non-Protestant group is Roman Catholics with 17% of the population. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints makes up 4.4%.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: In recent years, the Cook Islands has gained a reputation as a debtor paradise, through the enactment of legislation that permits debtors to shield their property from the claims of creditors.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: There are eleven airports in the Cook Islands, including one with a paved runway, Rarotonga International Airport, served by four passenger airlines.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: Newspapers in the Cook Islands are usually published in English with some articles in Cook Islands Māori. The Cook Islands News has been published since 1945, although it was owned by the government until 1989. Former newspapers include Te Akatauira, which was published from 1978 to 1980.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: Music in the Cook Islands is varied, with Christian songs being quite popular, but traditional dancing and songs in Polynesian languages remain popular.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: A major art form in the Cook Islands is tivaevae. This is, in essence, the art of handmade Island scenery patchwork quilts. Introduced by the wives of missionaries in the 19th century, the craft grew into a communal activity, which is probably one of the main reasons for its popularity.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: New Zealand-based Cook Islander artists include Michel Tuffery, print-maker David Teata, Richard Shortland Cooper, Sylvia Marsters and Jim Vivieaere.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


Cook Islands

Context: On Rarotonga, the main commercial galleries are Beachcomber Contemporary Art (Taputapuatea, Avarua) run by Ben & Trevon Bergman, and The Art Studio Gallery (Arorangi) run by Ian and Kay George. The Cook Islands National Museum also exhibits art.

Question: Montako saarta Cookinsaariin kuuluu?


HMS Belvoir (L32)

Context: HMS "Belvoir" was a destroyer of the Royal Navy. She was a member of the third subgroup of the class, and saw service in the Second World War. She was adopted by the civil community of Sutton in Ashfield, Nottinghamshire during Warship Week in 1942.

Question: Minä vuonna HMS Belvoir sijoitettiin poistolistalle?


HMS Belvoir (L32)

Context: On commissioning "Belvoir" was deployed to Scapa Flow for service with the Home Fleet. She was subsequently allocated to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla and escorted convoys to South Africa, then transferred to the Mediterranean, including service escorting Malta Convoys. In 1943 she took part in escort duties as part of Operation Husky, the allied landings in Sicily and subsequently the landings at Salerno.

Question: Minä vuonna HMS Belvoir sijoitettiin poistolistalle?


HMS Belvoir (L32)

Context: In 1944 she was prepared for service as part of the Allied landings in the south of France and subsequently in the Adriatic. In June 1945 she returned to the UK for paying off.

Question: Minä vuonna HMS Belvoir sijoitettiin poistolistalle?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: "Queen Mary" sailed on her maiden voyage on 27 May 1936 and won the Blue Riband that August; she lost the title to in 1937 and recaptured it in 1938, holding it until 1952, when it was taken by the new . With the outbreak of World War II, she was converted into a troopship and ferried Allied soldiers during the conflict.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: Following the war, "Queen Mary" was refitted for passenger service and along with "Queen Elizabeth" commenced the two-ship transatlantic passenger service for which the two ships were initially built. The two ships dominated the transatlantic passenger transportation market until the dawn of the jet age in the late 1950s. By the mid-1960s, "Queen Mary" was ageing and was operating at a loss.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: With Germany launching and into service, Britain did not want to be left behind in the shipbuilding race. White Star Line began construction on their 80,000-ton "Oceanic" in 1928, while Cunard planned a 75,000-ton unnamed ship of their own.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: Despite this, Cunard still denies the name change. It is also possible the name "Queen Mary" was decided upon as a compromise between Cunard and the White Star Line, as both lines had traditions of using names either ending in "ic" with White Star and "ia" with Cunard.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: The name had already been given to the Clyde turbine steamer , so Cunard made an arrangement with its owners and this older ship was renamed "Queen Mary II".

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: "Queen Mary" was fitted with 24 Yarrow boilers in four boiler rooms and four Parsons turbines in two engine rooms. The boilers delivered 400 pounds per square inch (28 bar) steam at 700 °F (371 °C) which provided a maximum of to four propellers, each turning at 200 RPM. "Queen Mary" achieved 32.84 knots on her acceptance trials in early 1936.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In 1934 the new liner was launched by Her Majesty Queen Mary as RMS "Queen Mary". On her way down the slipway, "Queen Mary" was slowed by eighteen drag chains, which checked the liner's progress into the River Clyde, a portion of which had been widened to accommodate the launch.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: "Queen Mary" design was criticised for being too traditional, especially when "Normandie" hull was revolutionary with a clipper-shaped, streamlined bow. Except for her cruiser stern, she seemed to be an enlarged version of her Cunard predecessors from the pre–First World War era. Her interior design, while mostly Art Deco, seemed restrained and conservative when compared to the ultramodern French liner. "Queen Mary" proved to be the more popular vessel than her rival, in terms of passengers carried.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In August 1936, "Queen Mary" captured the Blue Riband from "Normandie", with average speeds of westbound and eastbound. "Normandie" was refitted with a new set of propellers in 1937 and reclaimed the honour, but in 1938 "Queen Mary" took back the Blue Riband in both directions with average speeds of westbound and eastbound, records which stood until lost to in 1952.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: The cabin-class main dining room featured a large map of the transatlantic crossing, with twin tracks symbolising the winter/spring route (further south to avoid icebergs) and the summer/autumn route. During each crossing, a motorised model of "Queen Mary" would indicate the vessel's progress en route.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: As an alternative to the main dining room, "Queen Mary" featured a separate cabin-class Verandah Grill on the Sun Deck at the upper aft of the ship. The Verandah Grill was an exclusive "à la carte" restaurant with a capacity of approximately eighty passengers and was converted to the Starlight Club at night. Also on board was the Observation Bar, an Art Deco-styled lounge with wide ocean views.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: Woods from different regions of the British Empire were used in her public rooms and staterooms. Accommodation ranged from fully equipped, luxurious cabin (first) class staterooms to modest and cramped third-class cabins. Artists commissioned by Cunard in 1933 for works of art in the interior include Edward Wadsworth and A. Duncan Carse.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In late August 1939, "Queen Mary" was on a return run from New York to Southampton. The international situation led to her being escorted by the battlecruiser . She arrived safely and set out again for New York on 1 September. By the time she arrived, war had been declared and she was ordered to remain in port alongside "Normandie" until further notice.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In the Second World War conversion, the ship's hull, superstructure, and funnels were painted navy grey. As a result of her new colour, and in combination with her great speed, she became known as the "Grey Ghost". To protect against magnetic mines, a degaussing coil was fitted around the outside of the hull. Inside, stateroom furniture and decoration were removed and replaced with triple-tiered (fixed) wooden bunks, which were later replaced by "standee" (fold-up) bunks.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: From 25–30 July 1943, "Queen Mary" carried 15,740 soldiers and 943 crew (total 16,683), a standing record for the most passengers ever transported on one vessel. This was only possible in summer as passengers had to sleep on deck.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: During the war "Queen Mary" carried British Prime Minister Winston Churchill across the Atlantic for meetings with fellow Allied forces officials on several occasions. He was listed on the passenger manifests as "Colonel Warden".

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: On 1 January 1949, "Queen Mary" ran aground off Cherbourg, France. She was refloated the next day and returned to service.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: "Queen Mary" was retired from service in 1967. On 27 September, she completed her 1,000th and last crossing of the North Atlantic, having carried 2,112,000 passengers over . Under the command of Captain John Treasure Jones, who had been her captain since 1965, she sailed from Southampton for the last time on 31 October with 1,093 passengers and 806 crew. After a voyage around Cape Horn, she arrived in Long Beach on 9 December.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: "Queen Elizabeth" was withdrawn in 1968 and "Queen Elizabeth 2" took over the transatlantic route in 1969.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: "Queen Mary" is permanently moored as a tourist attraction, hotel, museum and event facility in Long Beach.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: "Queen Mary", bought by Long Beach in 1967, was converted from a seafaring vessel to floating hotel. The plan included clearing almost every area of the ship below "C" deck (called "R" deck after 1950, to lessen passenger confusion, as the restaurants were located on "R" deck) to make way for Jacques Cousteau's new Living Sea Museum. This increased museum space to .

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: With all of the lower decks nearly gutted from R deck and down, Diners Club, the initial lessee of the ship, converted the remainder of the vessel into a hotel. Diners Club Queen Mary dissolved and vacated the ship in 1970 after their parent company, Diners Club International, was sold, and a change in corporate direction was mandated during the conversion process. Specialty Restaurants, a Los Angeles-based company that focused on theme-based restaurants, took over as master lessee the following year.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: This second plan was based on converting most of her first- and second-class cabins on A and B decks into hotel rooms, and converting the main lounges and dining rooms into banquet spaces. On Promenade Deck, the starboard promenade was enclosed to feature an upscale restaurant and café named Lord Nelson's and Lady Hamilton's; it was themed in the fashion of early-19th century sailing ships. The famed and elegant Observation Bar was redecorated as a western-themed bar.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: The smaller first-class public rooms, such as the Drawing Room, Library, Lecture Room and the Music Studio, would be stripped of most of their fittings and converted to commercial use. This markedly expanded retail space on the ship. Two more shopping malls were built on the Sun Deck in separate spaces previously used for first-class cabins and engineers' quarters.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: The second-class lounges were expanded to the sides of the ship and used for banqueting. On R deck, the first-class dining room was reconfigured and subdivided into two banquet venues, the Royal Salon and the Windsor Room. The second-class dining room was subdivided into kitchen storage and a crew mess hall, while the third-class dining room was initially used as storage and crew space.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: By 1980, it had become apparent that the existing system was not working. The ship was losing millions each year for the city because the hotel, restaurants and museum were run by three separate concessionaires, while the city owned the vessel and operated guided tours. It was decided that a single operator with more experience in attractions was needed.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: Wrather Port Properties operated the entire attraction after his death in 1984 until 1988, when his holdings were bought by the Walt Disney Company. Wrather had built the Disneyland Hotel in 1955, when Walt Disney had insufficient funds to construct the hotel himself. Disney had been trying to buy the hotel for 30 years. When they finally succeeded, they also acquired "Queen Mary." This was never marketed as a Disney property.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: With Disney gone, the Hotel "Queen Mary" closed on 30 September 1992. The owners of the "Spruce Goose", the Aero Club of Southern California, sold the plane to the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum in Oregon. The plane departed on barges on 2 October 1992. The "Queen Mary" remained open until 31 December 1992 when it closed.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: During this period, the ship was nominated and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. Also the Port of Long Beach turned over control over the vessel to the city in 1993.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In 2004, "Queen Mary" and Stargazer Productions added Tibbies Great American Cabaret to the space previously occupied by the ship's bank and wireless telegraph room. Stargazer Productions and "Queen Mary" transformed the space into a working dinner theatre complete with stage, lights, sound and scullery.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In 2005, QSDI sought Chapter 11 protection due to a rent credit dispute with the city. In 2006, the bankruptcy court requested bids from parties interested in taking over the lease from QSDI. The minimum required opening bid was $41M. The operation of the ship, by RMS Foundation, remained independent of the bankruptcy. In summer 2007, "Queen Mary" lease was sold to a group named "Save the Queen", managed by Hostmark Hospitality Group.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: They planned to develop the land adjacent to "Queen Mary", and upgrade, renovate and restore the ship. During their management, staterooms were updated with iPod docking stations and flatscreen TVs and the ship's three funnels and waterline area were repainted their original Cunard red colour. The portside Promenade Deck's planking was restored and refinished. Many lifeboats were repaired and patched, and the ship's kitchens were renovated with new equipment.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: Evolution Hospitality, LLC. assumed operational control of "Queen Mary" on 23 September 2011, with Garrison Investments leasing "Queen Mary". The dome was used as a venue for the Long Beach Derby Gals roller derby team. and as an event venue.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: On 23 February 2006, saluted her predecessor as she made a port of call in Los Angeles Harbor, while on a cruise to Mexico.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In March 2011, "Queen Mary" was saluted by while fireworks were going on, and on 12 March 2013, made a salute while there were fireworks.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: The salute was carried out with "Queen Mary" replying with her one working air horn in response to "Queen Mary 2" sounding her combination of two brand new horns and an original 1934 "Queen Mary" horn, which is on loan from the City of Long Beach. "Queen Mary" originally had three whistles tuned to 55 Hz, a frequency chosen because it was low enough that the extremely loud sound of it would not be painful to human ears.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: Modern IMO regulations specify ships' horn frequencies to be in the range 70–200 Hz for vessels that are over in length. Traditionally, the lower the frequency, the larger the ship. "Queen Mary 2", being long, was given the lowest possible frequency (70 Hz) for her regulation whistles, in addition to the refurbished 55 Hz whistle on permanent loan. Fifty-five Hz is the "A" note an octave above the lowest note of a standard piano keyboard. The air-driven "Tyfon" whistle can be heard at least away.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In July 2017, while making repairs to a bathroom, workers rediscovered the ship's forward gear room which had once controlled the ships 16-ton anchors. The room was apparently sealed up during the 1960s conversion and was forgotten for decades.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In May 2019, Urban Commons formed Eagle Hospitality Real Estate Trust with the goal of generating up to $566 million for the Queen Mary along with its portfolio of 12 other hotel properties that it owns or manages. In December it was announced that the city was reviewing the finances of Urban Commons to determine whether the City of Long Beach had "received all revenues owed."

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: The $23 million apportioned for repairs ran out in 2018, with 19 out of the 27 urgent projects identified by a 2015 marine survey completed as of September 2019. There were significant cost overruns overall, with the cost of fire safety repairs increasing from the original estimate of $200,000 to $5.29 million. Two of the remaining eight issues identified in 2015 are considered "critical" — this includes the removal of the ship's lifeboats, which have rotted and are in danger of collapsing.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In October 2019, the City of Long Beach warned Urban Commons that the company was failing to uphold its commitment to maintain and repair "Queen Mary" and that it was accordingly in danger of defaulting on its 66-year lease agreement. Urban Commons responded with an updated plan for repairs, including the removal of the lifeboats at a cost of between $5 and $7 million, and new paint work.

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


RMS Queen Mary

Context: In honour of his over forty years of dedication to W6RO and "Queen Mary", in November 2007 the Queen Mary Wireless Room was renamed as the Nate Brightman Radio Room. This was announced on 28 October 2007, at Brightman's 90th birthday party by Joseph Prevratil, former President and CEO of "Queen Mary".

Question: Missä John Brown and Companyn telakka sijaitsi?


Kazakhstan

Context: The name "Kazakh" comes from the ancient Turkic word , "to wander", reflecting the Kazakhs' nomadic culture. The term "Cossack" is of the same origin. The Persian suffix means "land" or "place of", so "Kazakhstan" can be literally translated as "land of the wanderers".

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Though the term traditionally referred only to ethnic Kazakhs, including those living in China, Russia, Turkey, Uzbekistan and other neighbouring countries, the term "Kazakh" is increasingly being used to refer to any inhabitant of Kazakhstan, including non-Kazakhs.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era. Pastoralism developed during the Neolithic, as the region's climate and terrain are best suited to a nomadic lifestyle.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 1465, the Kazakh Khanate emerged as a result of dissolution of Golden Horde. Established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan, it continued to be ruled by to Turco-Mongol clan of Tore (Jochid dynasty).

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Throughout this period, traditional nomadic life and a livestock-based economy continued to dominate the steppe. In the 15th century, a distinct Kazakh identity began to emerge among the Turkic tribes. This was followed by the Kazakh War of Independence where the khanate gained its sovereignty from the Shaybanids. The process was consolidated by the mid-16th century with the appearance of the Kazakh language, culture, and economy.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Russian Empire introduced a system of administration and built military garrisons and barracks in its effort to establish a presence in Central Asia in the so-called "Great Game" for dominance in the area against the British Empire, which was extending its influence from the south in India and Southeast Asia. Russia built its first outpost, Orsk, in 1735. Russia introduced the Russian language in all schools and governmental organisations.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The competition for land and water that ensued between the Kazakhs and the newcomers caused great resentment against colonial rule during the final years of the Russian Empire. The most serious uprising, the Central Asian Revolt, occurred in 1916. The Kazakhs attacked Russian and Cossack settlers and military garrisons. The revolt resulted in a series of clashes and in brutal massacres committed by both sides. Both sides resisted the communist government until late 1919.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Soviet repression of the traditional elite, along with forced collectivisation in the late 1920s and 1930s, brought famine and high fatalities, leading to unrest (see also: Famine in Kazakhstan of 1932–33). During the 1930s, some members of the Kazakh intelligentsia were executed – as part of the policies of political reprisals pursued by the Soviet government in Moscow.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 5 December 1936, the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (whose territory by then corresponded to that of modern Kazakhstan) was detached from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, a full union republic of the USSR, one of eleven such republics at the time, along with the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 1947, the USSR government, as part of its atomic bomb project, founded an atomic bomb test site near the north-eastern town of Semipalatinsk, where the first Soviet nuclear bomb test was conducted in 1949. Hundreds of nuclear tests were conducted until 1989 with adverse consequences for the nation's environment and population. The Anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan became a major political force in the late 1980s.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 25 October 1990, Kazakhstan declared its sovereignty on its territory as a republic within the Soviet Union. Following the August 1991 aborted coup attempt in Moscow, Kazakhstan declared independence on 16 December 1991, thus becoming the last Soviet republic to declare independence. Ten days later, the Soviet Union itself ceased to exist.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's communist-era leader, Nursultan Nazarbayev, became the country's first President. Nazarbayev ruled in an authoritarian manner. An emphasis was placed on converting the country's economy to a market economy while political reforms lagged behind economic advances. By 2006, Kazakhstan was generating 60% of the GDP of Central Asia, primarily through its oil industry.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 1997, the government moved the capital to Astana, renamed Nur-Sultan on 23 March 2019, from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, where it had been established under the Soviet Union.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In March 2019, Nazarbayev resigned 29 years after taking office. However, he continued to lead the influential security council and held the formal title Leader of the Nation. Kassym-Jomart Tokayev succeeded Nazarbayev as the President of Kazakhstan. His first official act was to rename the capital after his predecessor. In June 2019, the new president, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, won Kazakhstan's presidential election.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In January 2022, the country plunged into political unrest following a spike in fuel prices. In consequence, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev took over as head of the powerful Security Council, removing his predecessor Nursultan Nazarbayev from the post.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: As it extends across both sides of the Ural River, considered the dividing line separating Europe and Asia, Kazakhstan is one of only two landlocked countries in the world that has territory in two continents (the other is Azerbaijan).

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: With an area of equivalent in size to Western EuropeKazakhstan is the ninth-largest country and largest landlocked country in the world. While it was part of the Russian Empire, Kazakhstan lost some of its territory to China's Xinjiang province, and some to Uzbekistan's Karakalpakstan autonomous republic during Soviet years.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: It shares borders of with Russia, with Uzbekistan, with China, with Kyrgyzstan, and with Turkmenistan. Major cities include Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Karagandy, Shymkent, Atyrau, and Oskemen. It lies between latitudes 40° and 56° N, and longitudes 46° and 88° E. While located primarily in Asia, a small portion of Kazakhstan is also located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan also possesses large deposits of phosphorite. Two of the largest deposits include the Karatau basin with 650 million tonnes of P2O5 and the Chilisai deposit of the located in northwestern Kazakhstan, with resources of 500–800 million tonnes of 9% ore.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 17 October 2013, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) accepted Kazakhstan as "EITI Compliant", meaning that the country has a basic and functional process to ensure the regular disclosure of natural resource revenues.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan has an "extreme" continental climate, with hot summers and very cold winters. Indeed, Nursultan is the second coldest capital city in the world after Ulaanbaatar. Precipitation varies between arid and semi-arid conditions, the winter being particularly dry.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Common mammals include the wolf, red fox, corsac fox, moose, argali (the largest species of sheep), Eurasian lynx, Pallas's cat, and snow leopards, several of which are protected.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's Red Book of Protected Species lists 125 vertebrates including many birds and mammals, and 404 plants including fungi, algae and lichens.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Officially, Kazakhstan is a democratic, secular, constitutional unitary republic; Nursultan Nazarbayev led the country from 1991 to 2019. He was succeeded by Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. The president may veto legislation that has been passed by the parliament and is also the commander in chief of the armed forces. The prime minister chairs the cabinet of ministers and serves as Kazakhstan's head of government. There are three deputy prime ministers and sixteen ministers in the cabinet.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 2020, Freedom House rated Kazakhstan as a "consolidated authoritarian regime", stating that freedom of speech is not respected and "Kazakhstan’s electoral laws do not provide for free and fair elections."

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 4 December 2005, Nursultan Nazarbayev was re-elected in an apparent landslide victory. The electoral commission announced that he had won over 90% of the vote. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) concluded the election did not meet international standards despite some improvements in the administration of the election.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 17 August 2007, elections to the lower house of parliament were held and a coalition led by the ruling Nur-Otan party, which included the Asar Party, the Civil Party of Kazakhstan, and the Agrarian Party, won every seat with 88% of the vote. None of the opposition parties has reached the benchmark 7% level of the seats. Opposition parties made accusations of serious irregularities in the election.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 2010, president Nazarbayev rejected a call from supporters to hold a referendum to keep him in office until 2020. He insisted on presidential elections for a five-year term. In a vote held on 3 April 2011, president Nazarbayev received 95.54% of the vote with 89.9% of registered voters participating. In March 2011, Nazarbayev outlined the progress made toward democracy by Kazakhstan. , Kazakhstan was reported on the Democracy Index by "The Economist" as an authoritarian regime.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 26 April 2015, the fifth presidential election was held in Kazakhstan. Nursultan Nazarbayev was re-elected with 97.7% of votes.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 19 March 2019, Nazarbayev announced his resignation from the presidency. Kazakhstan's senate speaker Kassym-Jomart Tokayev became acting president after Nursultan Nazarbayev's resignation. Later, Tokayev won the 2019 presidential election that was held on 9 June.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan is divided into seventeen regions (, ; , ). The regions are subdivided into 177 districts (, ; , ). The districts are further subdivided into rural districts at the lowest level of administration, which include all rural settlements and villages without an associated municipal government.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The cities of Almaty and Nur-Sultan have status "state importance" and do not belong to any region. The city of Baikonur has a special status because it is being leased until 2050 to Russia for the Baikonur cosmodrome. In June 2018 the city of Shymkent became a "city of republican significance".

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Each region is headed by an äkim (regional governor) appointed by the president. District "äkimi" are appointed by regional "akim"s. Kazakhstan's government relocated its capital from Almaty, established under the Soviet Union, to Astana on 10 December 1997.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan is also a member of the United Nations, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Turkic Council, and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). It is an active participant in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Partnership for Peace program.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 1999, Kazakhstan had applied for observer status at the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly. The official response of the Assembly was that because Kazakhstan is partially located in Europe, it could apply for full membership, but that it would not be granted any status whatsoever at the council until its democracy and human rights records improved.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Since independence in 1991, Kazakhstan has pursued what is known as the "multivector foreign policy" (), seeking equally good relations with its two large neighbours, Russia and China, as well as with the United States and the rest of the Western world.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Russia leases approximately of territory enclosing the Baikonur Cosmodrome space launch site in south central Kazakhstan, where the first man was launched into space as well as Soviet space shuttle Buran and the well-known space station Mir.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 11 April 2010, presidents Nazarbayev and Obama met at the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, D.C., and discussed strengthening the strategic partnership between the United States and Kazakhstan. They pledged to intensify bilateral co-operation to promote nuclear safety and non-proliferation, regional stability in Central Asia, economic prosperity, and universal values.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In April 2011, Obama called Nazarbayev and discussed many cooperative efforts regarding nuclear security, including securing nuclear material from the BN-350 reactor. They reviewed progress on meeting goals that the two presidents established during their bilateral meeting at the Nuclear Security Summit in 2010.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Since 2014 the Kazakhstani government has been bidding for a non-permanent member seat on the UN Security Council for 2017–2018.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 28 June 2016 Kazakhstan was elected as a non-permanent member to serve on the UN Security Council for a two-year term.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan has supported UN peacekeeping missions in Haiti, the Western Sahara, and Côte d'Ivoire. In March 2014, the Ministry of Defense chose 20 Kazakhstani military men as observers for the UN peacekeeping missions. The military personnel, ranking from captain to colonel, had to go through a specialised UN training; they had to be fluent in English and skilled in using specialised military vehicles.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement on 26 January 2015: "We are firmly convinced that there is no alternative to peace negotiations as a way to resolve the crisis in south-eastern Ukraine." In 2018, Kazakhstan signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: On 6 March 2020, the Concept of the Foreign Policy of Kazakhstan for 2020–2030 was announced. The document outlines the following main points:

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Kazakh air force is composed mostly of Soviet-era planes, including 41 MiG-29s, 44 MiG-31s, 37 Su-24s and 60 Su-27s. A small naval force is maintained on the Caspian Sea.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan sent 29 military engineers to Iraq to assist the US post-invasion mission in Iraq. During the second Iraq War, Kazakhstani troops dismantled 4 million mines and other explosives, helped provide medical care to more than 5,000 coalition members and civilians, and purified of water.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's National Security Committee (UQK) was established on 13 June 1992. It includes the Service of Internal Security, Military Counterintelligence, Border Guard, several Commando units, and Foreign Intelligence (Barlau). The latter is considered as the most important part of KNB. Its director is Nurtai Abykayev.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Since 2002, the joint tactical peacekeeping exercise "Steppe Eagle" has been hosted by the Kazakhstan government. "Steppe Eagle" focuses on building coalitions and gives participating nations the opportunity to work together. During the Steppe Eagle exercises, the KAZBAT peacekeeping battalion operates within a multinational force under a unified command within multidisciplinary peacekeeping operations, with NATO and the U.S. Military.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In December 2013, Kazakhstan announced it will send officers to support United Nations Peacekeeping forces in Haiti, Western Sahara, Ivory Coast and Liberia.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Economist Intelligence Unit has consistently ranked Kazakhstan as an "authoritarian regime" in its Democracy Index, ranking it 128th out of 167 countries for 2020.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan was ranked 122th out of 180 countries in Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index for 2022; previously it ranked 155th for 2021.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: <poem>The law does not require police to inform detainees that they have the right to an attorney, and police did not do so. Human rights observers alleged that law enforcement officials dissuaded detainees from seeing an attorney, gathered evidence through preliminary questioning before a detainee's attorney arrived, and in some cases used corrupt defense attorneys to gather evidence. [...]

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's global rank in the World Justice Project's 2015 Rule of Law Index was 65 out of 102; the country scored well on "Order and Security" (global rank 32/102), and poorly on "Constraints on Government Powers" (global rank 93/102), "Open Government" (85/102) and "Fundamental Rights" (84/102, with a downward trend marking a deterioration in conditions).

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The ABA Rule of Law Initiative of the American Bar Association has programs to train justice sector professionals in Kazakhstan.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's Supreme Court has taken steps to modernise and to increase transparency and oversight over the country's legal system. With funding from the US Agency for International Development, the ABA Rule of Law Initiative began a new program in April 2012 to strengthen the independence and accountability of Kazakhstan's judiciary.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In an effort to increase transparency in the criminal justice and court system, and improve human rights, Kazakhstan intended to digitise all investigative, prosecutorial and court records by 2018. Many criminal cases are closed before trial on the basis of reconciliation between the defendant and the victim because they simplify the work of the law-enforcement officers, release the defendant from punishment, and pay little regard to the victim's rights.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Homosexuality has been legal in Kazakhstan since 1997, although it is still socially unacceptable in most areas. Discrimination against LGBT people in Kazakhstan is widespread.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's economy, supported by rising oil output and prices, grew at an average of 8% per year until 2013, before suffering a slowdown in 2014 and 2015. Kazakhstan was the first former Soviet Republic to repay all of its debt to the International Monetary Fund, 7 years ahead of schedule.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan has a GDP of $179.332 billion and an annual growth rate of 4.5%. Per capita, Kazakhstan's GDP stands at $9,686.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's increased role in global trade and central positioning on the new Silk Road gave the country the potential to open its markets to billions of people. Kazakhstan joined the World Trade Organization in 2015.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Buoyed by high world crude oil prices, GDP growth figures were between 8.9% and 13.5% from 2000 to 2007 before decreasing to 1–3% in 2008 and 2009, and then rising again from 2010. Other major exports of Kazakhstan include wheat, textiles, and livestock. Kazakhstan is a leading exporter of uranium.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's economy grew by 4.6% in 2014. The country experienced a slowdown in economic growth from 2014 sparked by falling oil prices and the effects of the Ukrainian crisis. The country devalued its currency by 19% in February 2014. Another 22% devaluation occurred in August 2015.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's government continued to follow a conservative fiscal policy by controlling budget spending and accumulating oil revenue savings in its Oil Fund – Samruk-Kazyna. The global financial crisis forced Kazakhstan to increase its public borrowing to support the economy. Public debt increased to 13.4 per cent in 2013 from 8.7 per cent in 2008. Between 2012 and 2013, the government achieved an overall fiscal surplus of 4.5 per cent.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Since 2002, Kazakhstan has sought to manage strong inflows of foreign currency without sparking inflation. Inflation has not been under strict control, however, registering 6.6% in 2002, 6.8% in 2003, and 6.4% in 2004.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In March 2002, the U.S. Department of Commerce granted Kazakhstan market economy status under US trade law. This change in status recognised substantive market economy reforms in the areas of currency convertibility, wage rate determination, openness to foreign investment, and government control over the means of production and allocation of resources.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In September 2002, Kazakhstan became the first country in the CIS to receive an investment grade credit rating from a major international credit rating agency. By late December 2003, Kazakhstan's gross foreign debt was about $22.9 billion. Total governmental debt was $4.2 billion, 14% of GDP. There has been a reduction in the ratio of debt to GDP. The ratio of total governmental debt to GDP in 2000, was 21.7%; in 2001, it was 17.5%, and in 2002, it was 15.4%. It rose to 19.2% in 2019.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Economic growth, combined with earlier tax and financial sector reforms, has dramatically improved government finance from the 1999 budget deficit level of 3.5% of GDP to a deficit of 1.2% of GDP in 2003. Government revenues grew from 19.8% of GDP in 1999 to 22.6% of GDP in 2001, but decreased to 16.2% of GDP in 2003. In 2000, Kazakhstan adopted a new tax code in an effort to consolidate these gains.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: KazMunayGas (KMG), the national oil and gas company, was created in 2002 to represent the interests of the state in the oil and gas industry. The Tengiz Field was jointly developed in 1993 as a 40-year Tengizchevroil venture between Chevron Texaco (50%), US ExxonMobil (25%), KazMunayGas (20%), and LukArco (5%). The Karachaganak natural gas and gas condensate field is being developed by BG, Agip, ChevronTexaco, and Lukoil. Also Chinese oil companies are involved in the Kazakhstan's oil industry.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Kazakh National Bank introduced deposit insurance in a campaign to strengthen the banking sector. Several major foreign banks had branches in Kazakhstan, including RBS, Citibank, and HSBC. Kookmin and UniCredit both entered the Kazakhstan's financial services market through acquisitions and stake-building.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: According to the 2010–11 World Economic Forum in Global Competitiveness Report, Kazakhstan was ranked 72nd in the world in economic competitiveness.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: One year later, the Global Competitiveness Report ranked Kazakhstan 50th in most competitive markets.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 2012, Kazakhstan attracted $14 billion of foreign direct investment inflows into the country at a 7% growth rate. In 2018, $24 billion of FDI was directed into Kazakhstan, a significant increase since 2012.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan climbed to 41st on the 2018 Economic Freedom Index published by the Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's economy grew at an average of 8% per year over the past decade on the back of hydrocarbon exports. Despite the lingering uncertainty of the global economy, Kazakhstan's economy has been stable. GDP growth in January–September 2013 was 5.7%, according to preliminary calculations of the Ministry Economy and Budget Planning.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: From January to September 2014 Kazakhstan's GDP grew at 4%. According to the results from the first half of the year, the current account surplus is $6.6 billion, a figure two times higher than that of the first half of 2013. According to the Chairman of the National Bank of Kazakhstan, Kairat Kelimbetov, the increase was caused by a trade surplus of 17.4 percent, or approximately US$22.6 billion. The overall inflation rate for 2014 is forecasted at 7.4 percent.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: China is one of the main economic and trade partners of Kazakhstan. In 2013, China launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in which Kazakhstan functions as a transit hub.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan's foreign trade turnover in 2018 was $93.5 billion, which is 19.7% more compared to 2017. Export in 2018 reached $67 billion (+25.7% vs 2017) and import was $32.5 billion (+9.9% vs 2017). Exports accounted for 40.1% of Kazakhstan's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018. Kazakhstan exports 800 products to 120 countries.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Agriculture accounts for approximately 5% of Kazakhstan's GDP. Grain, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, melons and livestock are the most important agricultural commodities. Agricultural land occupies more than . The available agricultural land consists of of arable land and of pasture and hay land. Over 80% of the country's total area is classified as agricultural land, including almost 70% occupied by pasture. Its arable land has the second highest availability per inhabitant (1.5 hectares).

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan is thought to be one of the places that the apple originated, particularly the wild ancestor of "Malus domestica", "Malus sieversii". It has no common name in English, but is known in its native Kazakhstan as "alma". The region where it is thought to originate is called "Almaty": "rich with apple". This tree is still found wild in the mountains of Central Asia, in southern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Xinjiang in China.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Railways provide 68% of all cargo and passenger traffic to over 57% of the country. There are in common carrier service, excluding industrial lines. of gauge, electrified, in 2012. Most cities are connected by railroad; high-speed trains go from Almaty (the southernmost city) to Petropavl (the northernmost city) in about 18 hours.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan Temir Zholy (KTZ) is the national railway company. KTZ cooperates with French locomotive manufacturer Alstom in developing Kazakhstan's railway infrastructure. Alstom has more than 600 staff and two joint ventures with KTZ and its subsidiary in Kazakhstan. In July 2017, Alstom opened its first locomotive repairing centre in Kazakhstan. It is the only repairing centre in Central Asia and the Caucasus.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: As the Kazakhstani rail system was designed during the Soviet era, rail routes were reflected the goals of Soviet planning. This has caused anomalies such as the route from Oral to Aktobe now passes briefly through Russian territory.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Astana Nurly Zhol railway station, the most modern railway station in Kazakhstan, was opened in Nur-Sultan on 31 May 2017. The opening of the station coincided with the start of the Expo 2017 international exhibition. According to Kazakhstan Railways (KTZ), the 120,000m2 station was expected to be used by 54 trains and would have the capacity to handle 35,000 passengers a day.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Astana Metro system has been under construction, but was abandoned at one point in 2013. In May 2015, an agreement was signed for the project to be resumed. There is an tram network, which began service in 1965 with, as of 2012, 20 regular and three special routes.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Khorgos Gateway dry port is one of Kazakhstan's primary dry ports for handling trans-Eurasian trains, which travel more than between China and Europe. The Khorgos Gateway dry port is surrounded by Khorgos Eastern Gate SEZ that officially commenced operations in December 2016.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 2009 the European Commission blacklisted all Kazakh air carriers with a sole exception of Air Astana. Thereafter, Kazakhstan took measures to modernise and revamp its air safety oversight. In 2016 the European air safety authorities removed all Kazakh airlines from the blacklist, saying there was "sufficient evidence of compliance" with international standards by Kazakh Airlines and the Civil Aviation Committee.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country by area and the largest landlocked country in the world. As of 2014, tourism accounted for 0.3% of Kazakhstan's GDP, but the government had plans to increase it to 3% by 2020. According to the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report of 2017, travel and tourism industry GDP in Kazakhstan was $3.08 billion or only 1.6 percent of total GDP. The WEF ranked Kazakhstan 80th in its 2019 report.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Kazakh Government, long characterised as authoritarian with a history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition, in 2015 issued a "Tourism Industry Development Plan 2020." It aimed to establish five tourism clusters in Kazakhstan: Nur-Sultan city, Almaty city, East Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan, and West Kazakhstan Oblasts. It also sought investment of $4 billion and the creation of 300,000 new jobs in the tourism industry by 2020.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan has offered a permanent visa-free regime for up to 90 days to citizens of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia and Ukraine, and for up to 30 days to citizens of Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Serbia, South Korea, Tajikistan, Turkey, UAE and Uzbekistan. It also established a visa-free regime for citizens of 54 countries, including the European Union and OECD member states, the U.S., Japan, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan has attracted $330 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI) from more than 120 countries since its independence. In 2015, the U.S. State Department said Kazakhstan was widely considered to have the best investment climate in the region. In 2014,

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: President Nazarbayev signed into law tax concessions to promote foreign direct investment which included a 10-year exemption from corporation tax, an eight-year exemption from property tax, and a 10-year freeze on most other taxes. Other incentives include a refund on capital investments of up to 30 percent once a production facility is in operation.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 2014, the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Kazakhstan created the artnership for Re-Energizing the Reform Process in Kazakhstan to work with international financial institutions to channel US$2.7 billion provided by the Kazakh government into important sectors of Kazakhstan's economy.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: As of May 2014, Kazakhstan had attracted $190 billion in gross foreign investments since its independence in 1991 and it led the CIS countries in terms of FDI attracted per capita. One of the factors that attract foreign direct investments is country's political stability.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The OECD 2017 Investment Policy Review noted that "great strides" had been made to open up opportunities to foreign investors and improving policy to attract FDI.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In October 2014, Kazakhstan introduced its first overseas dollar bonds in 14 years. Kazakhstan issued $2.5 billion of 10- and 30-year bonds on 5 October 2014, in what was the nation's first dollar-denominated overseas sale since 2000. Kazakhstan sold $1.5 billion of 10-year dollar bonds to yield 1.5 percentage points above midswaps and $1 billion of 30-year debt at two percentage points over midswaps. The country drew bids for $11 billion.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The housing market of Kazakhstan grew after 2010. In 2013, the total housing area in Kazakhstan amounted to . Urban areas contained 62.5 percent of the country's housing stock. The housing stock rose over the year to 32.7 million sq. ft., nearly an 11% increase. Between 2012 and 2013, the living area per Kazakh citizen rose from .

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The UN's recommended standard for housing stands at per person. Kazakhstan was projected to reach the UN standards by 2019 or 2020.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 2005, the World Bank listed Kazakhstan as a corruption hotspot, on a par with Angola, Bolivia, Kenya, Libya and Pakistan. In 2012, Kazakhstan ranked low in an index of the least corrupt countries and the World Economic Forum listed corruption as the biggest problem in doing business in the country.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: A 2017 OECD report on Kazakhstan indicated that Kazakhstan has reformed laws with regard to the civil service, judiciary, instruments to prevent corruption, access to information, and prosecuting corruption. Kazakhstan has implemented anticorruption reforms that have been recognised by organizations like Transparency International.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: In 2011 Switzerland confiscated US$48 million in Kazakhstani assets from Swiss bank accounts, as a result of a bribery investigation in the United States. US officials believed the funds represented bribes paid by American officials to Kazakhstani officials in exchange for oil or prospecting rights in Kazakhstan. Proceedings eventually involved US$84 million in the US and another US$60 million in Switzerland.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Kazakh Anti-Corruption Agency signed a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in February 2015.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy fixes a target of devoting 3% of GDP to research and development by 2050 to allow for the development of new high-tech sectors.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Digital Kazakhstan program was launched in 2018 to boost the country's economic growth through the implementation of digital technologies. Kazakhstan's digitization efforts generated 800 billion tenge (US$1.97 billion) in two years. The program helped create 120,000 jobs and attracted 32.8 billion tenge (US$80.7 million) of investment into the country.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The US Census Bureau International Database lists the population of Kazakhstan as 18.9 million (May 2019), while United Nations sources such as give an estimate of . Official estimates put the population of Kazakhstan at 18.711 million as of May 2020. In 2013, Kazakhstan's population rose to 17,280,000 with a 1.7% growth rate over the past year according to the Kazakhstan Statistics Agency.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The 2009 population estimate is 6.8% higher than the population reported in the last census from January 1999. The decline in population that began after 1989 has been arrested and possibly reversed. Men and women make up 48.3% and 51.7% of the population, respectively.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The 1990s were marked by the emigration of many of the country's Russians, Ukrainians and Volga Germans, a process that began in the 1970s. This has made indigenous Kazakhs the largest ethnic group. Additional factors in the increase in the Kazakhstani population are higher birthrates and immigration of ethnic Kazakhs from China, Mongolia, and Russia.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan is officially a bilingual country. Kazakh, (part of the Kipchak family of Turkic languages) spoken natively by 64.4% of the population, has the status of "state" language, whereas Russian, which is spoken by most Kazakhs, is declared an "official" language, and is used routinely in business, government, and inter-ethnic communication, although Kazakh is slowly replacing it.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: According to the 2009 Census, 70% of the population is Muslim, 26% Christian, 0.2% Buddhist, 0.1% other religions (mostly Jewish), and 3% irreligious, while 0.5% chose not to answer. According to its Constitution, Kazakhstan is a secular state.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: According to the 2009 Census data, there are very few Christians outside the Slavic and Germanic ethnic groups.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Education is universal and mandatory through to the secondary level and the adult literacy rate is 99.5%. On average, these statistics are equal to both women and men in Kazakhstan.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Over 2,500 students in Kazakhstan have applied for student loans totalling about $9 million. The largest number of student loans come from Almaty, Nur-Sultan and Kyzylorda.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The training and skills development programs in Kazakhstan are also supported by international organisations. For example, on 30 March 2015, the World Banks' Group of Executive Directors approved a $100 million loan for the Skills and Job project in Kazakhstan. The project aims to provide training to unemployed, unproductively self-employed, and employees in need of training.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Before the Russian colonisation, the Kazakhs had a highly developed culture based on their nomadic pastoral economy. Islam was introduced into the region with the arrival of the Arabs in the 8th century. It initially took hold in the southern parts of Turkestan and spread northward. The Samanids helped the religion take root through zealous missionary work. The Golden Horde further propagated Islam amongst the tribes in the region during the 14th century.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan is home to a large number of prominent contributors to literature, science and philosophy: Abay Qunanbayuli, Mukhtar Auezov, Gabit Musirepov, Kanysh Satpayev, Mukhtar Shakhanov, Saken Seyfullin, Jambyl Jabayev, among many others.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The Foundation Asyl Mura is archiving and publishing historical recordings of great samples of Kazakh music both traditional and classical.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?


Kazakhstan

Context: The leading conservatoire is in Almaty, the Qurmanghazy Conservatoire. It competes with the national conservatoire in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan's capital.

Question: Moneenko valtioon Kazakstan rajoittuu?