New York City

Context: In the pre-Columbian era, the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by Algonquian Native Americans, including the Lenape. Their homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island, Manhattan, the Bronx, the western portion of Long Island (including the areas that would later become the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens), and the Lower Hudson Valley.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The first non–Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as "Jan Rodrigues"), a merchant from Santo Domingo. Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–14, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street in Upper Manhattan, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Following the purchase, New Amsterdam grew slowly. To attract settlers, the Dutch instituted the patroon system in 1628, whereby wealthy Dutchmen ("patroons", or patrons) who brought 50 colonists to New Netherland would be awarded swaths of land, along with local political autonomy and rights to participate in the lucrative fur trade. This program had little success.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Since 1621, the Dutch West India Company had operated as a monopoly in New Netherland, on authority granted by the Dutch States General. In 1639–1640, in an effort to bolster economic growth, the Dutch West India Company relinquished its monopoly over the fur trade, leading to growth in the production and trade of food, timber, tobacco, and slaves (particularly with the Dutch West Indies).

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: On August 24, 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, Dutch captain Anthony Colve seized the colony of New York from the English at the behest of Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and rechristened it "New Orange" after William III, the Prince of Orange. The Dutch would soon return the island to England under the Treaty of Westminster of November 1674.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizeable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670. By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200. New York experienced several yellow fever epidemics in the 18th century, losing ten percent of its population to the disease in 1702 alone.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The 1735 trial and acquittal in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger, who had been accused of seditious libel after criticizing colonial governor William Cosby, helped to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including Trinity Church.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Public-minded members of the contemporaneous business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants; more than 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: In 1904, the steamship "General Slocum" caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York's non-White population was 36,620 in 1890. New York City was a prime destination in the early twentieth century for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City had become home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition. The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height and creating an identifiable skyline.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York City suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, attacks. Two of the four airliners hijacked that day were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, destroying the towers and killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers. The North Tower became the tallest building ever to be destroyed anywhere then or subsequently.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: In March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in the city was confirmed in Manhattan. The city rapidly replaced Wuhan, China to become the global epicenter of the pandemic during the early phase, before the infection became widespread across the world and the rest of the nation. As of March 2021, New York City had recorded over 30,000 deaths from COVID-19-related complications.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: During the Wisconsin glaciation, 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, the New York City area was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over in depth. The erosive forward movement of the ice (and its subsequent retreat) contributed to the separation of what is now Long Island and Staten Island. That action also left bedrock at a relatively shallow depth, providing a solid foundation for most of Manhattan's skyscrapers.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The city's total area is ; of the city is land and of this is water. The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at above sea level, is the highest point on the eastern seaboard south of Maine. The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: is sometimes referred to collectively as the "Five Boroughs". Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of New York State, making New York City one of the U.S. municipalities in multiple counties. There are throughout the boroughs, many with a definable history and character.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Manhattan is the cultural, administrative, and financial center of New York City and contains the headquarters of many major multinational corporations, the United Nations Headquarters, Wall Street, and a number of important universities. The borough of Manhattan is often described as the financial and cultural center of the world.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Most of the borough is situated on Manhattan Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River. Several small islands also compose part of the borough of Manhattan, including Randall's Island, Wards Island, and Roosevelt Island in the East River, and Governors Island and Liberty Island to the south in New York Harbor.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Manhattan Island is loosely divided into the Lower, Midtown, and Uptown regions. Uptown Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the Upper East Side and the Upper West Side, and above the park is Harlem, bordering the Bronx (Bronx County).

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Harlem was predominantly occupied by Jewish and Italian Americans in the 19th century until the Great Migration. It was the center of the Harlem Renaissance.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The borough of Manhattan also includes a small neighborhood on the mainland, called Marble Hill, which is contiguous with the Bronx. New York City's remaining four boroughs are collectively referred to as the "Outer Boroughs".

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the Dutch Colonial Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and the most expensive office tower in the world by construction cost.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York City has over of municipal parkland and of public beaches. The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx, with .

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic White population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic White population is larger than the non-Hispanic White populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The non-Hispanic White population was 6.6 million in 1940. The non-Hispanic White population has begun to increase since 2010.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America. Amidst a resurgence of Puerto Rican migration to New York City, this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area .

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The annual New York City Pride March (or gay pride parade) traverses southward down Fifth Avenue and ends at Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan; the parade rivals the Sao Paulo Gay Pride Parade as the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June. The annual Queens Pride Parade is held in Jackson Heights and is accompanied by the ensuing "Multicultural Parade".

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Following these three largest religious groups in New York City are Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, and a variety of other religions, as well as atheism. In 2014, 24% of New Yorkers identified with no organized religious affiliation; a little over 3% of New Yorkers were atheist.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Chocolate is New York City's leading specialty-food export, with up to $234 million worth of exports each year. Entrepreneurs were forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn , while Godiva, one of the world's largest chocolatiers, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S. financial industry, metonymously known as "Wall Street". The city's securities industry continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and is an important economic engine. Many large financial companies are headquartered in New York City, and the city is also home to a burgeoning number of financial startup companies.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Silicon Alley, centered in New York, has evolved into a metonym for the sphere encompassing the metropolitan region's high technology industries involving the internet, new media, financial technology ("fintech") and cryptocurrency, telecommunications, digital media, software development, biotechnology, game design, and other fields within information technology that are supported by its entrepreneurship ecosystem and venture capital investments.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The New York City Charter School Center assists the setup of new charter schools. There are approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: More than 600,000 students are enrolled in New York City's more than 120 higher education institutions, the highest number of any city in the world, with more than half a million in the City University of New York (CUNY) system alone , including both degree and professional programs. According to Academic Ranking of World Universities, New York City has, on average, the best higher education institutions of any global city.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The public CUNY system is one of the largest universities in the nation, comprising 25 institutions across all five boroughs: senior colleges, community colleges, and other graduate/professional schools. The public State University of New York (SUNY) system includes campuses in New York City, including: Downstate Health Sciences University, Fashion Institute of Technology, Maritime College, and the College of Optometry.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York City is home to such notable private universities as Barnard College, Columbia University, Cooper Union, Fordham University, New York University, New York Institute of Technology, Rockefeller University, and Yeshiva University; several of these universities are ranked among the top universities in the world.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The city also hosts other smaller private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions, such as: Pace University, St. John's University, The Juilliard School, Manhattan College, Adelphi University - Manhattan, Mercy College (New York), The College of Mount Saint Vincent, Parsons School of Design, The New School, Pratt Institute, New York Film Academy, The School of Visual Arts, The King's College, Marymount Manhattan College, and Wagner College.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Organized crime has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards in the Five Points in the 1820s. The 20th century saw a rise in the Mafia, dominated by the Five Families, as well as in gangs, including the Black Spades. The Mafia and gang presence has declined in the city in the 21st century.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The fire department faces multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to building types that range from wood-frame single family homes to high-rise structures, the FDNY also responds to fires that occur in the New York City Subway. Secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to brush fires, also present challenges.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The FDNY headquarters is located at 9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn, and the FDNY Fire Academy is located on Randalls Island. There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications; the Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: In 2013, the New York Public Library and the Brooklyn Public Library announced that they would merge their technical services departments into a new department called BookOps. This proposed merger anticipated a savings of $2 million for the Brooklyn Public Library and $1.5 million for the New York Public Library. Although not currently part of the merger, it is expected that the Queens Public Library will eventually share some resources with the other city libraries.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York City has been described as the cultural capital of the world by Manhattan's Baruch College. A book containing a series of essays titled "New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965" has also been published as showcased by the National Library of Australia. In describing New York, author Tom Wolfe said, "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather."

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: One of the most common traits attributed to New York City is its fast pace, which spawned the term "New York minute". Journalist Walt Whitman characterized New York's streets as being traversed by "hurrying, feverish, electric crowds".

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The New York area is home to a distinctive regional speech pattern called the New York dialect, alternatively known as "Brooklynese" or "New Yorkese". It has generally been considered one of the most recognizable accents within American English.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The classic version of the New York City dialect is generally centered on middle and working-class New Yorkers. The influx of non-European immigrants in recent decades has led to changes in this distinctive dialect, and the traditional form of this speech pattern is no longer as prevalent among general New Yorkers as it has been in the past.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The city is represented in the National Football League by the New York Giants and the New York Jets, although both teams play their home games at MetLife Stadium in nearby East Rutherford, New Jersey, which hosted Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Environmental issues in New York City are affected by the city's size, density, abundant public transportation infrastructure, and location at the mouth of the Hudson River. For example, it is both one of the country's biggest sources of pollution, and has the lowest per-capita greenhouse gas emissions rate and electricity usage.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a Strong mayor–council form of government since its consolidation in 1898. In New York City, the city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Each borough is coextensive with a judicial district of the state Unified Court System, of which the Criminal Court and the Civil Court are the local courts, while the New York Supreme Court conducts major trials and appeals. Manhattan hosts the First Department of the Supreme Court, Appellate Division while Brooklyn hosts the Second Department. There are also several extrajudicial administrative courts, which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The present mayor is Eric Adams. He was elected in 2021 with 67% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2022.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Multibillion-dollar heavy rail transit projects under construction in New York City include the Second Avenue Subway, and the East Side Access project.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York City's public bus fleet runs 24/7 and is the largest in North America. The Port Authority Bus Terminal, the main intercity bus terminal of the city, serves 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters daily, making it the busiest bus station in the world.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route, carrying more than 23 million passengers from July 2015 through June 2016 on the route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24 hours a day. Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: NYC Ferry, a NYCEDC initiative with routes planned to travel to all five boroughs, was launched in 2017, with second graders choosing the names of the ferries. Meanwhile, Seastreak ferry announced construction of a 600-passenger high-speed luxury ferry in September 2016, to shuttle riders between the Jersey Shore and Manhattan, anticipated to start service in 2017; this would be the largest vessel in its class.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Other features of the city's transportation infrastructure encompass 13,587 yellow taxicabs; other vehicle for hire companies; and the Roosevelt Island Tramway, an aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: Despite New York's heavy reliance on its vast public transit system, streets are a defining feature of the city. The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 greatly influenced the city's physical development. Several of the city's streets and avenues, including Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are also used as metonyms for national industries there: the theater, finance, advertising, and fashion organizations, respectively.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are primarily coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and the Bronx is located on New York State's mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of bridges and tunnels.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


New York City

Context: In 2006, the "Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc." was restructured and renamed "New York City Global Partners". Through this program, New York City has expanded its international outreach to a network of cities worldwide, promoting the exchange of ideas and innovation between their citizenry and policymakers. New York's "historic sister cities" are denoted below by the year they joined New York City's partnership network.

Question: జార్జి వాషింగ్టన్ కాలంలో ఏ దేశానికి న్యూయార్క్ రాజధానిగా ఉండేది?


Galaxy

Context: Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral, or irregular. Many are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centers. The Milky Way's central black hole, known as Sagittarius A*, has a mass four million times greater than the Sun. As of March 2016, GN-z11 is the oldest and most distant galaxy observed. It has a comoving distance of 32 billion light-years from Earth, and is seen as it existed just 400 million years after the Big Bang.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In the astronomical literature, the capitalized word "Galaxy" is often used to refer to our galaxy, the Milky Way, to distinguish it from the other galaxies in our universe. The English term "Milky Way" can be traced back to a story by Chaucer :

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: For example, Messier 109 (or "M109") is a spiral galaxy having the number 109 in the catalog of Messier. It also has the designations NGC 3992, UGC 6937, CGCG 269-023, MCG +09-20-044, and PGC 37617 (or LEDA 37617). Millions of fainter galaxies are known by their identifiers in sky surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, in which M109 is cataloged as SDSS J115735.97+532228.9.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: The realization that "we live in a galaxy that is one among many" parallels major discoveries about the Milky Way and other nebulae.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Greek philosopher Democritus (450–370 BCE) proposed that the bright band on the night sky known as the Milky Way might consist of distant stars.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Actual proof of the Milky Way consisting of many stars came in 1610 when the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei used a telescope to study it and discovered it was composed of a huge number of faint stars.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In 1750, English astronomer Thomas Wright, in his "An Original Theory or New Hypothesis of the Universe", correctly speculated that it might be a rotating body of a huge number of stars held together by gravitational forces, akin to the Solar System but on a much larger scale, and that the resulting disk of stars could be seen as a band on the sky from our perspective inside it. In his 1755 treatise, Immanuel Kant elaborated on Wright's idea about the Milky Way's structure.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In 1734, philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg in his "Principia" speculated that there might be galaxies outside our own that were formed into galactic clusters that were minuscule parts of the universe that extended far beyond what we could see. These views "are remarkably close to the present-day views of the cosmos."

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In 1745, Pierre Louis Maupertuis conjectured that some nebula-like objects were collections of stars with unique properties, including a glow exceeding the light its stars produced on their own, and repeated Johannes Hevelius's view that the bright spots were massive and flattened due to their rotation.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In 1750, Thomas Wright correctly speculated that the Milky Way was a flattened disk of stars, and that some of the nebulae visible in the night sky might be separate Milky Ways.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Toward the end of the 18th century, Charles Messier compiled a catalog containing the 109 brightest celestial objects having nebulous appearance. Subsequently, William Herschel assembled a catalog of 5,000 nebulae. In 1845, Lord Rosse constructed a new telescope and was able to distinguish between elliptical and spiral nebulae. He also managed to make out individual point sources in some of these nebulae, lending credence to Kant's earlier conjecture.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In 1912, Vesto Slipher made spectrographic studies of the brightest spiral nebulae to determine their composition. Slipher discovered that the spiral nebulae have high Doppler shifts, indicating that they are moving at a rate exceeding the velocity of the stars he had measured. He found that the majority of these nebulae are moving away from us.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In 1920 a debate took place between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis (the Great Debate), concerning the nature of the Milky Way, spiral nebulae, and the dimensions of the universe. To support his claim that the Great Andromeda Nebula is an external galaxy, Curtis noted the appearance of dark lanes resembling the dust clouds in the Milky Way, as well as the significant Doppler shift.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In 1944, Hendrik van de Hulst predicted that microwave radiation with wavelength of 21 cm would be detectable from interstellar atomic hydrogen gas; and in 1951 it was observed. This radiation is not affected by dust absorption, and so its Doppler shift can be used to map the motion of the gas in our galaxy. These observations led to the hypothesis of a rotating bar structure in the center of our galaxy. With improved radio telescopes, hydrogen gas could also be traced in other galaxies.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In the 1970s, Vera Rubin uncovered a discrepancy between observed galactic rotation speed and that predicted by the visible mass of stars and gas. Today, the galaxy rotation problem is thought to be explained by the presence of large quantities of unseen dark matter.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: A 2016 study published in "The Astrophysical Journal," led by Christopher Conselice of the University of Nottingham, used 20 years of Hubble images to estimate that the observable universe contained at least two trillion () galaxies. However, later observations with the New Horizons space probe from outside the zodiacal light reduced this to roughly 200 billion ().

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Galaxies come in three main types: ellipticals, spirals, and irregulars. A slightly more extensive description of galaxy types based on their appearance is given by the Hubble sequence. Since the Hubble sequence is entirely based upon visual morphological type (shape), it may miss certain important characteristics of galaxies such as star formation rate in starburst galaxies and activity in the cores of active galaxies.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: The largest galaxies are giant ellipticals. Many elliptical galaxies are believed to form due to the interaction of galaxies, resulting in a collision and merger. They can grow to enormous sizes (compared to spiral galaxies, for example), and giant elliptical galaxies are often found near the core of large galaxy clusters.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Spiral galaxies resemble spiraling pinwheels. Though the stars and other visible material contained in such a galaxy lie mostly on a plane, the majority of mass in spiral galaxies exists in a roughly spherical halo of dark matter which extends beyond the visible component, as demonstrated by the universal rotation curve concept.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is a large disk-shaped barred-spiral galaxy about 30 kiloparsecs in diameter and a kiloparsec thick. It contains about two hundred billion (2×1011) stars and has a total mass of about six hundred billion (6×1011) times the mass of the Sun.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Recently, researchers described galaxies called super-luminous spirals. They are very large with an upward diameter of 437,000 light-years (compared to the Milky Way's 100,000 light-year diameter). With a mass of 340 billion solar masses, they generate a significant amount of ultraviolet and mid-infrared light. They are thought to have an increased star formation rate around 30 times faster than the Milky Way.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Despite the prominence of large elliptical and spiral galaxies, most galaxies are dwarf galaxies. They are relatively small when compared with other galactic formations, being about one hundredth the size of the Milky Way, with only a few billion stars. Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies have recently been discovered that are only 100 parsecs across.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Many dwarf galaxies may orbit a single larger galaxy; the Milky Way has at least a dozen such satellites, with an estimated 300–500 yet to be discovered. Dwarf galaxies may also be classified as elliptical, spiral, or irregular. Since small dwarf ellipticals bear little resemblance to large ellipticals, they are often called dwarf spheroidal galaxies instead.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: A study of 27 Milky Way neighbors found that in all dwarf galaxies, the central mass is approximately 10 million solar masses, regardless of whether it has thousands or millions of stars. This suggests that galaxies are largely formed by dark matter, and that the minimum size may indicate a form of warm dark matter incapable of gravitational coalescence on a smaller scale.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Interactions between galaxies are relatively frequent, and they can play an important role in galactic evolution. Near misses between galaxies result in warping distortions due to tidal interactions, and may cause some exchange of gas and dust.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Collisions occur when two galaxies pass directly through each other and have sufficient relative momentum not to merge. The stars of interacting galaxies usually do not collide, but the gas and dust within the two forms interacts, sometimes triggering star formation. A collision can severely distort the galaxies' shapes, forming bars, rings or tail-like structures.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Starburst galaxies are characterized by dusty concentrations of gas and the appearance of newly formed stars, including massive stars that ionize the surrounding clouds to create H II regions. These stars produce supernova explosions, creating expanding remnants that interact powerfully with the surrounding gas. These outbursts trigger a chain reaction of star-building that spreads throughout the gaseous region. Only when the available gas is nearly consumed or dispersed does the activity end.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Starbursts are often associated with merging or interacting galaxies. The prototype example of such a starburst-forming interaction is M82, which experienced a close encounter with the larger M81. Irregular galaxies often exhibit spaced knots of starburst activity.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: The standard model for an active galactic nucleus is based on an accretion disc that forms around a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the galaxy's core region. The radiation from an active galactic nucleus results from the gravitational energy of matter as it falls toward the black hole from the disc. The AGN's luminosity depends on the SMBH's mass and the rate at which matter falls onto it.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In about 10% of these galaxies, a diametrically opposed pair of energetic jets ejects particles from the galaxy core at velocities close to the speed of light. The mechanism for producing these jets is not well understood.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Blazars are believed to be active galaxies with a relativistic jet pointed in the direction of Earth. A radio galaxy emits radio frequencies from relativistic jets. A unified model of these types of active galaxies explains their differences based on the observer's position.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Possibly related to active galactic nuclei (as well as starburst regions) are low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs). The emission from LINER-type galaxies is dominated by weakly ionized elements. The excitation sources for the weakly ionized lines include post-AGB stars, AGN, and shocks. Approximately one-third of nearby galaxies are classified as containing LINER nuclei.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Quasars (/ˈkweɪzɑr/) or quasi-stellar radio sources, are the most energetic and distant members of active galactic nuclei. Extremely luminous, they were first identified as high redshift sources of electromagnetic energy, including radio waves and visible light, that appeared more similar to stars than to extended sources similar to galaxies. Their luminosity can be 100 times that of the Milky Way.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Galaxies have magnetic fields of their own. They are strong enough to be dynamically important, as they:

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Evidence for the appearance of galaxies very early in the Universe's history was found in 2006, when it was discovered that the galaxy IOK-1 has an unusually high redshift of 6.96, corresponding to just 750 million years after the Big Bang and making it the most distant and earliest-to-form galaxy seen at that time.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: In June 2015, astronomers reported evidence for Population III stars in the Cosmos Redshift 7 galaxy at . Such stars are likely to have existed in the very early universe (i.e., at high redshift), and may have started the production of chemical elements heavier than hydrogen that are needed for the later formation of planets and life as we know it.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Within a billion years of a galaxy's formation, key structures begin to appear. Globular clusters, the central supermassive black hole, and a galactic bulge of metal-poor Population II stars form. The creation of a supermassive black hole appears to play a key role in actively regulating the growth of galaxies by limiting the total amount of additional matter added. During this early epoch, galaxies undergo a major burst of star formation.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: During the following two billion years, the accumulated matter settles into a galactic disc. A galaxy will continue to absorb infalling material from high-velocity clouds and dwarf galaxies throughout its life. This matter is mostly hydrogen and helium. The cycle of stellar birth and death slowly increases the abundance of heavy elements, eventually allowing the formation of planets.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: The Milky Way galaxy and the nearby Andromeda Galaxy are moving toward each other at about 130 km/s, and—depending upon the lateral movements—the two might collide in about five to six billion years. Although the Milky Way has never collided with a galaxy as large as Andromeda before, evidence of past collisions of the Milky Way with smaller dwarf galaxies is increasing.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Such large-scale interactions are rare. As time passes, mergers of two systems of equal size become less common. Most bright galaxies have remained fundamentally unchanged for the last few billion years, and the net rate of star formation probably also peaked about ten billion years ago.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, produce new generations of stars as long as they have dense molecular clouds of interstellar hydrogen in their spiral arms. Elliptical galaxies are largely devoid of this gas, and so form few new stars. The supply of star-forming material is finite; once stars have converted the available supply of hydrogen into heavier elements, new star formation will come to an end.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Clusters of galaxies consist of hundreds to thousands of galaxies bound together by gravity. Clusters of galaxies are often dominated by a single giant elliptical galaxy, known as the brightest cluster galaxy, which, over time, tidally destroys its satellite galaxies and adds their mass to its own.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: The peak radiation of most stars lies in the visible spectrum, so the observation of the stars that form galaxies has been a major component of optical astronomy. It is also a favorable portion of the spectrum for observing ionized H II regions, and for examining the distribution of dusty arms.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: The dust present in the interstellar medium is opaque to visual light. It is more transparent to far-infrared, which can be used to observe the interior regions of giant molecular clouds and galactic cores in great detail. Infrared is also used to observe distant, red-shifted galaxies that were formed much earlier. Water vapor and carbon dioxide absorb a number of useful portions of the infrared spectrum, so high-altitude or space-based telescopes are used for infrared astronomy.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Galaxy

Context: Ultraviolet and X-ray telescopes can observe highly energetic galactic phenomena. Ultraviolet flares are sometimes observed when a star in a distant galaxy is torn apart from the tidal forces of a nearby black hole. The distribution of hot gas in galactic clusters can be mapped by X-rays. The existence of supermassive black holes at the cores of galaxies was confirmed through X-ray astronomy.

Question: మన విశ్వము లో సుమారుగా ఎన్ని నక్షత్రాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Football

Context: The various codes of football share certain common elements and can be grouped into two main classes of football: "carrying" codes like American football, Canadian football, Australian football, rugby union and rugby league, where the ball is moved about the field while being held in the hands or thrown, and "kicking" codes such as Association football and Gaelic football, where the ball is moved primarily with the feet, and where handling is strictly limited.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: In all codes, common skills include passing, tackling, evasion of tackles, catching and kicking. In most codes, there are rules restricting the movement of players "offside", and players scoring a goal must put the ball either under or over a "crossbar" between the goalposts.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: There are conflicting explanations of the origin of the word "football". It is widely assumed that the word "football" (or the phrase "foot ball") refers to the action of the foot kicking a ball. There is an alternative explanation, which is that football originally referred to a variety of games in medieval Europe, which were played "on foot". There is no conclusive evidence for either explanation.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The Māori in New Zealand played a game called Ki-o-rahi consisting of teams of seven players play on a circular field divided into zones, and score points by touching the 'pou' (boundary markers) and hitting a central 'tupu' or target.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: Mahmud al-Kashgari in his "Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk", described a game called "tepuk" among Turks in Central Asia. In the game, people try to attack each other's castle by kicking a ball made of sheep leather.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: Most of the very early references to the game speak simply of "ball play" or "playing at ball". This reinforces the idea that the games played at the time did not necessarily involve a ball being kicked.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The earliest evidence that games resembling football were being played at English public schools – mainly attended by boys from the upper, upper-middle and professional classes – comes from the "Vulgaria" by William Herman in 1519. Herman had been headmaster at Eton and Winchester colleges and his Latin textbook includes a translation exercise with the phrase "We wyll playe with a ball full of wynde".

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: In 1633, David Wedderburn, a teacher from Aberdeen, mentioned elements of modern football games in a short Latin textbook called "Vocabula." Wedderburn refers to what has been translated into modern English as "keeping goal" and makes an allusion to passing the ball ("strike it here"). There is a reference to "get hold of the ball", suggesting that some handling was allowed. It is clear that the tackles allowed included the charging and holding of opposing players ("drive that man back").

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: During the early 19th century, most working-class people in Britain had to work six days a week, often for over twelve hours a day. They had neither the time nor the inclination to engage in sport for recreation and, at the time, many children were part of the labour force. Feast day football played on the streets was in decline. Public school boys, who enjoyed some freedom from work, became the inventors of organised football games with formal codes of rules.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The boom in rail transport in Britain during the 1840s meant that people were able to travel further and with less inconvenience than they ever had before. Inter-school sporting competitions became possible. However, it was difficult for schools to play each other at football, as each school played by its own rules. The solution to this problem was usually that the match be divided into two halves, one half played by the rules of the host "home" school, and the other half by the visiting "away" school.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The "modern" rules of many football codes were formulated during the mid- or late- 19th century. This also applies to other sports such as lawn bowls, lawn tennis, etc. The major impetus for this was the patenting of the world's first lawnmower in 1830. This allowed for the preparation of modern ovals, playing fields, pitches, grass courts, etc.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: Apart from Rugby football, the public school codes have barely been played beyond the confines of each school's playing fields. However, many of them are still played at the schools which created them (see Surviving UK school games below).

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: Sports clubs dedicated to playing football began in the 18th century, for example London's Gymnastic Society which was founded in the mid-18th century and ceased playing matches in 1796.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The first documented club to bear in the title a reference to being a 'football club' were called "The Foot-Ball Club" who were located in Edinburgh, Scotland, during the period 1824–41. The club forbade tripping but allowed pushing and holding and the picking up of the ball.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: In 1845, three boys at Rugby school were tasked with codifying the rules then being used at the school. These were the first set of written rules (or code) for any form of football. This further assisted the spread of the Rugby game.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: In 1855, the U.S. inventor Charles Goodyear – who had patented vulcanised rubber – exhibited a spherical football, with an exterior of vulcanised rubber panels, at the Paris "Exhibition Universelle". The ball was to prove popular in early forms of football in the U.S.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The iconic ball with a regular pattern of hexagons and pentagons (see truncated icosahedron) did not become popular until the 1960s, and was first used in the World Cup in 1970.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The earliest reference to a game of football involving players passing the ball and attempting to score past a goalkeeper was written in 1633 by David Wedderburn, a poet and teacher in Aberdeen, Scotland. Nevertheless, the original text does not state whether the allusion to passing as 'kick the ball back' ('Repercute pilam') was in a forward or backward direction or between members of the same opposing teams (as was usual at this time)

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: During the nineteenth century, several codifications of the rules of football were made at the University of Cambridge, in order to enable students from different public schools to play each other. The Cambridge Rules of 1863 influenced the decision of Football Association to ban Rugby-style carrying of the ball in its own first set of laws.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: By the late 1850s, many football clubs had been formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various codes of football. Sheffield Football Club, founded in 1857 in the English city of Sheffield by Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest, was later recognised as the world's oldest club playing association football.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: However, the club initially played its own code of football: the "Sheffield rules". The code was largely independent of the public school rules, the most significant difference being the lack of an "offside" rule.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: There is archival evidence of "foot-ball" games being played in various parts of Australia throughout the first half of the 19th century. The origins of an organised game of football known today as Australian rules football can be traced back to 1858 in Melbourne, the capital city of Victoria.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The first FA rules still contained elements that are no longer part of association football, but which are still recognisable in other games (such as Australian football and rugby football): for instance, a player could make a fair catch and claim a "mark", which entitled him to a free kick; and if a player touched the ball behind the opponents' goal line, his side was entitled to a "free kick" at goal, from 15 yards (13.5 metres) in front of the goal line.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: On 6 November 1869, Rutgers faced Princeton in a game that was played with a round ball and, like all early games, used improvised rules. It is usually regarded as the first game of American intercollegiate football.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: By the 1870s, Rugby and Association football had started to become popular in Ireland. Trinity College Dublin was an early stronghold of Rugby (see the Developments in the 1850s section, above). The rules of the English FA were being distributed widely. Traditional forms of "caid" had begun to give way to a "rough-and-tumble game" which allowed tripping.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) was founded in 1886, but rifts were beginning to emerge in the code. Professionalism had already begun to creep into the various codes of football.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: Over time, the RFU form of rugby, played by clubs which remained members of national federations affiliated to the IRFB, became known as rugby union.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: During the second half of the 20th century, the rules changed further. In 1966, rugby league officials borrowed the American football concept of "downs": a team was allowed to retain possession of the ball for four tackles (rugby union retains the original rule that a player who is tackled and brought to the ground must release the ball immediately). The maximum number of tackles was later increased to six (in 1971), and in rugby league this became known as the "six tackle rule".

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: With the advent of full-time professionals in the early 1990s, and the consequent speeding up of the game, the five metre off-side distance between the two teams became 10 metres, and the replacement rule was superseded by various interchange rules, among other changes.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The laws of rugby union also changed during the 20th century, although less significantly than those of rugby league. In particular, goals from "marks" were abolished, kicks directly "into touch" from outside the "22 metre" line were penalised, new laws were put in place to determine who had possession following an inconclusive "ruck" or "maul", and the lifting of players in "line-outs" was legalised.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: In 1995, rugby union became an "open" game, that is one which allowed professional players. Although the original dispute between the two codes has now disappeared – and despite the fact that officials from both forms of rugby football have sometimes mentioned the possibility of re-unification – the rules of both codes and their culture have diverged to such an extent that such an event is unlikely in the foreseeable future.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: Of the 45 national FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) affiliates in which English is an official or primary language, most currently use "Football" in their organisations' official names; the FIFA affiliates in Canada and the United States use "Soccer" in their names. A few FIFA affiliates have recently "normalised" to using "Football", including:

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: Australian rules football has the highest spectator attendance of all sports in Australia. Similarly, Gaelic football is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance, and the All-Ireland Football Final is the most watched event of that nation's sporting year.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: Rugby union is the most popular sport in New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, and Fiji. It is also the fastest growing sport in the U.S. with college rugby being the fastest growing college sport in that country.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: "These codes have in common the prohibition of the use of hands (by all players except the goalkeeper, though outfield players can "throw-in" the ball when it goes out of play), unlike other codes where carrying or handling the ball by all players is allowed"

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: The hockey game bandy has rules partly based on the association football rules and is sometimes nicknamed as 'winter football'.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: "These codes have in common the ability of players to carry the ball with their hands, and to throw it to teammates, unlike association football where the use of hands during play is prohibited by anyone except the goalkeeper. They also feature various methods of scoring based upon whether the ball is carried into the goal area, or kicked above the goalposts."

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: "These codes have in common the absence of an offside rule, the prohibition of continuous carrying of the ball (requiring a periodic bounce or solo (toe-kick), depending on the code) while running, handpassing by punching or tapping the ball rather than throwing it, and other traditions."

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Football

Context: Note: although similar to football and volleyball in some aspects, Sepak takraw has ancient origins and cannot be considered a hybrid game.

Question: ఫుట్‌బాల్ అనే క్రీడ మొదటగా ఏ దేశంలో మొదలైంది?


Nairobi

Context: During the pre-colonial era, many peoples of Kenya lived in villages amongst their tribes and cultures where they had rulers within their communities rather than a president and lived in that manner.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: After World War II, continuous expansion of the city angered both the indigenous Maasai and Kikuyu. This led to the Mau Mau Uprising in the 1950s, and the Lancaster House Conferences, which initiated a transition to Kenyan independence in 1963.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: In the spring of 1950, the East African Trades Union Congress (EAUTC) led a nine-day general strike in the city.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: On 9 November 2012, President Mwai Kibaki opened the KES 31 billion Thika Superhighway. This mega-project of Kenya started in 2009 and ended in 2011. It involved expanding the four-lane carriageway to eight lanes, building underpasses, providing interchanges at roundabouts, erecting flyovers and building underpasses to ease congestion. The 50.4-kilometre road was built in three phases: Uhuru Highway to Muthaiga Roundabout; Muthaiga Roundabout to Kenyatta University and; Kenyatta University to Thika Town.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Most of the skyscrapers in this region are the headquarters of businesses and corporations, such as I&M and the Kenyatta International Conference Centre. The United States Embassy bombing took place in this district, prompting the building of a new embassy building in the suburbs.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: In 2011, the city was considered to have about 4 million residents. A large beautification project took place in the Central Business District, as the city prepared to host the 2006 Afri-Cities summit. Iconic buildings such as the Kenyatta International Conference Centre had their exteriors cleaned and repainted.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Two areas outside the Central Business District that are seeing growth in companies and office space are Upper Hill, which is located, approximately from the Central Business District and Westlands, about the same distance from the city centre.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: These data fit remarkably closely (r^2 = 0.9994) to a logistic curve with t(0) = 1900, P(0)=8500, r = 0.059 and K = 8,000,000. This suggests a 2011 growth rate of 3.5% (the CIA estimate of 4.5% cited above would have been true in 2005). According to this curve, the population of the city will be below 4 million in 2015, and will reach 5 million in 2025.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Given this high population growth, owing itself both to urban migration and high birth rates, the economy has yet to catch up. Unemployment is estimated at 40% within the city, mainly in the high-density, low income areas of the city which can make them seem even denser than the higher-income neighborhoods.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Many nightclubs in and around the city have witnessed a growth in the population that exclusively listen to Electronic Dance Music, especially amongst the younger generations. These youth also support many local EDM producers and DJs, such as Jahawi, Mikhail Kuzi, Barney Barrow, Jack Rooster, HennessyLive, Trancephilic5 As well as up and comers such as L.A Dave, Eric K, Raj El Rey, Tom Parker and more.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Musical group Sauti Sol performed for U.S. President Barack Obama when he was in the city for the 2015 Global Entrepreneurship Summit.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Football is the most popular sport in the city by viewership and participation. This is highlighted by the number of football clubs in the city, including Kenyan Premier League sides Gor Mahia, A.F.C. Leopards, Tusker and Mathare United.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Basketball is also a popular sport played in the city's srimary, Secondary and college leagues. Many of the city's urban youth are basketball fans and watch the American NBA.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: The majority of schools follow either the Kenyan Curriculum or the British Curriculum. There is also International School of Kenya and Rosslyn Academy, both of which follow the North American Curriculum, Swedish school in N'gong, and the German school in Gigiri.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Kenya signed a bilateral agreement with Uganda to facilitate joint development of the Mombasa-Malaba-Kampala standard gauge railway. A branch line will also be extended to Kisumu.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Similarly, Kenya signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of Ethiopia for the development of Lamu-Addis Ababa standard gauge railway. Under the Lamu-South Sudan and Ethiopia Transport Corridor Project, the development of a railway component is among the priority projects.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: The development of these critical transport facilities will, besides reducing transport costs due to faster movement of goods and people within the region, also increase trade, improve the socio-economic welfare of Northern Kenya and boost the country's potential in attracting investments from all over the world.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Jomo Kenyatta International Airport is the largest airport in Kenya. Domestic travelers made up 40% of overall passengers in 2016. An increase of 32% in 5 yrs since 2012. JKIA had more than 7 million passengers going through it in 2016. In February 2017, JKIA received a Category One Status from the FAA boosting the airport's status as a Regional Aviation hub.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Wilson Airport is a general-aviation airport handling smaller aircraft, mostly propeller-driven. In July 2016, construction of a new air traffic control Tower commenced at a cost of KES 163 million (approximately US$1.63 million).

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Moi Air Base is a military airport. In its earlier years, it was utilised as a landing strip in the pre-jet airline era. It was mostly used as a British passenger and mail route from Southampton to Cape Town in the 1930s & 1940s. This route was served by flying boats between Britain and Kisumu and then by land-based aircraft on the routes to the south.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: However, in 2004, a law was passed requiring all matatus to include seat belts and speed governors and to be painted with a yellow stripe. At first, this caused a furore amongst Matatu operators, but they were pressured by government and the public to make the changes. Matatus are now limited to .

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Companies such as Easy Coach, Crown Bus, Coast Bus, Modern Coast, Eldoret Express, Chania, the Guardian Angel, Spanish and Mash Poa run scheduled buses and luxury coaches to other cities and towns.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Highways connect the city with other major towns such as Mombasa, Machakos, Voi, (A109), Eldoret, Kisumu, Nakuru, Naivasha, and Namanga Border Tanzania (A104).

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Nairobi

Context: Following a grenade attack in October 2011 by a local Kenyan man, with terrorist links, the city faced a heightened security presence. Fears spread over further promised retaliations by the al-Shabaab group of rebels over Kenya's involvement in a coordinated operation with the Somalian military against the insurgent outfit.

Question: కెన్యా దేశ రాజధాని ఏమిటి?


Artificial heart

Context: A synthetic replacement for a heart remains a long-sought "holy grail" of modern medicine. The obvious benefit of a functional artificial heart would be to lower the need for heart transplants because the demand for organs always greatly exceeds supply.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Although the heart is conceptually a pump, it embodies subtleties that defy straightforward emulation with synthetic materials and power supplies. Consequences of these issues include severe foreign-body rejection and external batteries that limit mobility. These complications limited the lifespan of early human recipients from hours to days.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: The first artificial heart was made by the Soviet scientist Vladimir Demikhov in 1937. It was implanted in a dog.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: On 2 July 1952, 41-year-old Henry Opitek, suffering from shortness of breath, made medical history at Harper University Hospital at Wayne State University in Michigan. The Dodrill-GMR heart machine, considered to be the first operational mechanical heart, was successfully used while performing heart surgery.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Ongoing research was done on calves at Hershey Medical Center, Animal Research Facility, in Hershey, Pennsylvania, during the 1970s.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Forest Dewey Dodrill, working closely with Matthew Dudley, used the machine in 1952 to bypass Henry Opitek's left ventricle for 50 minutes while he opened the patient's left atrium and worked to repair the mitral valve. In Dodrill's post-operative report, he notes, "To our knowledge, this is the first instance of survival of a patient when a mechanical heart mechanism was used to take over the complete body function of maintaining the blood supply of the body while the heart was open and operated on."

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: A heart–lung machine was first used in 1953 during a successful open heart surgery. John Heysham Gibbon, the inventor of the machine, performed the operation and developed the heart–lung substitute himself.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Following these advances, scientific interest for the development of a solution for heart disease developed in numerous research groups worldwide.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: In 1949, a precursor to the modern artificial heart pump was built by doctors William Sewell and William Glenn of the Yale School of Medicine using an Erector Set, assorted odds and ends, and dime-store toys. The external pump successfully bypassed the heart of a dog for more than an hour.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: There is some debate as to how much of Winchell's design Robert Jarvik used in creating Jarvik's artificial heart. Heimlich states, "I saw the heart, I saw the patent and I saw the letters. The basic principle used in Winchell's heart and Jarvik's heart is exactly the same. " Jarvik denies that any of Winchell's design elements were incorporated into the device he fabricated for humans which was successfully implanted into Barney Clark in 1982.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: On 12 December 1957, Willem Johan Kolff, the world's most prolific inventor of artificial organs, implanted an artificial heart into a dog at Cleveland Clinic. The dog lived for 90 minutes.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: In 1964, the National Institutes of Health started the Artificial Heart Program, with the goal of putting an artificial heart into a human by the end of the decade. The purpose of the program was to develop an implantable artificial heart, including the power source, to replace a failing heart.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: In February 1966, Adrian Kantrowitz rose to international prominence when he performed the world's first permanent implantation of a partial mechanical heart (left ventricular assist device) at Maimonides Medical Center.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: In 1967, Kolff left Cleveland Clinic to start the Division of Artificial Organs at the University of Utah and pursue his work on the artificial heart.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Over the years, more than 200 physicians, engineers, students and faculty developed, tested and improved Kolff's artificial heart. To help manage his many endeavors, Kolff assigned project managers. Each project was named after its manager. Graduate student Robert Jarvik was the project manager for the artificial heart, which was subsequently renamed the Jarvik 7.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: The original prototype of Liotta-Cooley artificial heart used in this historic operation is prominently displayed in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History "Treasures of American History" exhibit in Washington, D.C.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Contrary to popular belief and erroneous articles in several periodicals, the Jarvik heart was not banned for permanent use. Today, the modern version of the Jarvik 7 is known as the SynCardia temporary Total Artificial Heart. It has been implanted in more than 1,350 people as a bridge to transplantation.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: On 19 July 1963, E. Stanley Crawford and Domingo Liotta implanted the first clinical Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) at The Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas, in a patient who had a cardiac arrest after surgery. The patient survived for four days under mechanical support but did not recover from the complications of the cardiac arrest; finally, the pump was discontinued, and the patient died.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: In 1990 Brian Williams was discharged from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), becoming the first VAD patient to be discharged with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. The patient was supported in part by bioengineers from the University of Pittsburgh's McGowan Institute.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: As of 2014, more than 1,250 patients have received SynCardia artificial hearts. The device requires the use of the Companion 2 in-hospital driver, approved by the FDA in 2012, or the Freedom Driver System, approved in 2014, which allows some patients to return home, to power the heart with pulses of air. The drivers also monitor blood flow for each ventricle.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: In 2016, Syncardia filed for bankruptcy protection and was later acquired by the private equity firm Versa Capital Management.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: According to a press-release by Carmat dated 20 December 2013, the first implantation of its artificial heart in a 75-year-old patient was performed on 18 December 2013 by the Georges Pompidou European Hospital team in Paris (France). The patient died 75 days after the operation.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: The Carmat device, unlike previous designs, is meant to be used in cases of terminal heart failure, instead of being used as a bridge device while the patient awaits a transplant. At 900 grams it weighs nearly three times the typical heart and is targeted primarily towards obese men. It also requires the patient to carry around an additional Li-Ion battery. The projected lifetime of the artificial heart is around 5 years (230 million beats).

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: In 2016, trials for the Carmat "fully artificial heart" were banned by the National Agency for Security and Medicine in Europe after short survival rates were confirmed. The ban was lifted in May 2017. At that time, a European report stated that Celyad's C-Cure cell therapy for ischemic heart failure "could only help a subpopulation of Phase III study participants, and Carmat will hope that its artificial heart will be able to treat a higher proportion of heart failure patients".

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: The Carmat artificial heart was approved for sale in the European Union, receiving a CE marking on December 22, 2020. Its stock price increased over a third upon the announcement of the news.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: The U.S. Army artificial heart pump was a compact, air-powered unit developed by Kenneth Woodward at Harry Diamond Laboratories in the early to mid-1960s. The Army's heart pump was partially made of plexiglass, and consisted of two valves, a chamber, and a suction flapper. The pump operated without any moving parts under the principle of fluid amplification – providing a pulsating air pressure source resembling a heartbeat.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: On 12 March 2011, an experimental artificial heart was implanted in 55-year-old Craig Lewis at The Texas Heart Institute in Houston by O. H. Frazier and William Cohn. The device is a combination of two modified HeartMate II pumps that is currently undergoing bovine trials.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Frazier and Cohn are on the board of the BiVACOR company that develops an artificial heart. BiVACOR has been tested as a replacement for a heart in a sheep.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: So far, only one person has benefited from Frazier and Cohn's artificial heart. Craig Lewis had amyloidosis in 2011 when his heart gave out and doctors pronounced that he had only 12 to 24 hours to live. After obtaining permission from his family, Frazier and Cohn replaced his heart with their device. Lewis survived for another 5 weeks after the operation; he eventually died from liver and kidney failure due to his amyloidosis, after which his family asked that his artificial heart be unplugged.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: On 10 July 2017, Nicholas Cohrs and colleagues presented a new concept of a soft total artificial heart in the Journal of Artificial Organs. The heart was developed in the Functionals Materials Laboratory at ETH Zurich. (Cohrs was listed as a doctoral student in a group led by Professor Wendelin Stark at ETH Zurich.)

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: in a hybrid mock circulation machine. Following which the silicone membrane (2.3 mm thick) between the Left Ventricle and the Air Expansion Chamber ruptured.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: A centrifugal pump or an axial-flow pump can be used as an artificial heart, resulting in the patient being alive without a pulse. Other pulse-less artificial heart designs include the HeartMate II from Thoratec, which uses an Archimedes screw; and an experimental artificial heart designed by Bud Frazier and Billy Cohn, using turbines spinning at 8,000 to 12,000 RPMs.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: A centrifugal artificial heart which alternately pumps the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation, causing a pulse, has been described.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Researchers have constructed a heart out of foam. The heart is made out of flexible silicone and works with an external pump to push air and fluids through the heart. It currently cannot be implanted into humans, but it is a promising start for artificial hearts.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Patients who have some remaining heart function but who can no longer live normally may be candidates for ventricular assist devices (VAD), which do not replace the human heart but complement it by taking up much of the function.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: The first Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) system was created by Domingo Liotta at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston in 1962.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Another VAD, the Kantrowitz CardioVad, designed by Adrian Kantrowitz, boosts the native heart by taking up over 50% of its function. Additionally, the VAD can help patients on the wait list for a heart transplant. In a young person, this device could delay the need for a transplant by 10–15 years, or even allow the heart to recover, in which case the VAD can be removed.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: The artificial heart is powered by a battery that needs to be changed several times while still working.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: The first heart assist device was approved by the FDA in 1994, and two more received approval in 1998.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Several continuous-flow ventricular assist devices have been approved for use in the European Union, and, as of August 2007, were undergoing clinical trials for FDA approval.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: In 2012, Craig Lewis, a 55-year-old Texan, presented at the Texas Heart Institute with a severe case of cardiac amyloidosis. He was given an experiment continuous-flow artificial heart transplant which saved his life. Lewis died 5 weeks later of liver failure after slipping into a coma due to the amyloidosis.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


Artificial heart

Context: Suffering from end-stage heart failure, former Vice President Dick Cheney underwent a procedure at INOVA Fairfax Hospital, in Fairfax Virginia in July 2010, to have a Heartmate II VAD implanted. In 2012, he received a heart transplant at age 71 after 20 months on a waiting list.

Question: ప్రపంచంలో మొదటి కృత్రిమ గుండెని ఎవరు కనుగొన్నారు?


History of the British Raj

Context: After the first war for Indian independence, the British Government took over the administration to establish the British Raj.

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు భారతదేశంలోకి ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశించారు?


History of the British Raj

Context: The East India Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with Mughal India and the East Indies, and later with Qing China. The company ended up seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonised parts of Southeast Asia, and colonised Hong Kong after a war with Qing China.

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు భారతదేశంలోకి ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశించారు?


History of the British Raj

Context: The first steps were taken toward self-government in British India in the late 19th century with the appointment of Indian counsellors to advise the British viceroy and the establishment of provincial councils with Indian members; the British subsequently widened participation in legislative councils with the Indian Councils Act 1892. Municipal Corporations and District Boards were created for local administration; they included elected Indian members

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు భారతదేశంలోకి ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశించారు?


History of the British Raj

Context: The Morley-Minto Reforms were a milestone. Step by step, the elective principle was introduced for membership in Indian legislative councils. The "electorate" was limited, however, to a small group of upper-class Indians. These elected members increasingly became an "opposition" to the "official government". The Communal electorates were later extended to other communities and made a political factor of the Indian tendency toward group identification through religion.

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు భారతదేశంలోకి ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశించారు?


History of the British Raj

Context: attacked 550 post offices, 250 railway stations, damaged many rail lines, destroyed 70 police stations, and burned or damaged 85 other government buildings. There were about 2,500 instances of telegraph wires being cut...The Government of India deployed 57 battalions of British troops to restore order.

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు భారతదేశంలోకి ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశించారు?


History of the British Raj

Context: The police and Army crushed the resistance in a little more than six weeks; nationalist leaders were imprisoned for the duration.

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు భారతదేశంలోకి ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశించారు?


History of the British Raj

Context: Later that year, the Labour government in Britain, its exchequer exhausted by the recently concluded World War II, decided to end British rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power no later than June 1948.

Question: బ్రిటీష్ వారు భారతదేశంలోకి ఎప్పుడు ప్రవేశించారు?


Sailing stones

Context: Sailing stones (also called sliding rocks, walking rocks, rolling stones, and moving rocks) are part of the geological phenomenon in which rocks move and inscribe long tracks along a smooth valley floor without animal intervention. The movement of the rocks occurs when large, thin sheets of ice floating on an ephemeral winter pond break up in the sun. Frozen during cold winter nights, these thin, floating ice panels are driven by wind and shove rocks at speeds up to 5 meters (16') per minute.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: Trails of sliding rocks have been observed and studied in various locations, including Little Bonnie Claire Playa, in Nevada, and most famously at Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park, California, where the number and length of tracks are notable.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: Stones with rough bottoms leave straight striated tracks, while those with smooth bottoms tend to wander. Stones sometimes turn over, exposing another edge to the ground and leaving a different track in the stone's wake.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: Trails differ in both direction and length. Rocks that start next to each other may travel parallel for a time, before one abruptly changes direction to the left, right, or even back to the direction from which it came. Trail length also varies – two similarly sized and shaped rocks may travel uniformly, then one could move ahead or stop in its track.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: At Racetrack Playa, these tracks have been studied since the early 1900s, yet the origins of stone movement were not confirmed and remained the subject of research for which several hypotheses existed. However, as of August 2014, timelapse video footage of rocks moving has been published, showing the rocks moving at high wind speeds within the flow of thin, melting sheets of ice. The scientists have thus identified the cause of the moving stones to be ice shove.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: Wind and ice both are the favored hypothesis for these sliding rocks. Noted in "Surface Processes and Landforms", Don J. Easterbrook mentions that because of the lack of parallel paths between some rock paths, this could be caused by degenerating ice floes resulting in alternate routes. Though the ice breaks up into smaller blocks, it is still necessary for the rocks to slide.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: It was postulated that small rafts of ice form around the rocks and the rocks are buoyantly floated off the soft bed, thus reducing the reaction and friction forces at the bed. Since this effect depends on reducing friction, and not on increasing the wind drag, these ice cakes need not have a particularly large surface area if the ice is adequately thick, as the minimal friction allows the rocks to be moved by arbitrarily light winds.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: In 2020, NASA ruled out the potential reasons for the stones moving results from the microbial mats and wind-generated water waves based on a fossil of dinosaur footprints.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: Because rock movement relies on a rare set of circumstances, the usually dry playa being flooded and the water freezing, drier winters and warmer winter nights would cause such circumstances to occur less often. A statistical study by Ralph Lorenz and Brian Jackson examining published reports of rock movements suggested (with 4:1 odds) an apparent decline between the 1960s–1990s, and the 21st century.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: On 30 May 2013, the "Los Angeles Times" reported that park officials were looking into the theft of several of the rocks from the Death Valley National Park.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Sailing stones

Context: In August 2016, around 10 miles of tire tracks were left in the playa by someone driving around it illegally. A photographer visiting in September also noted the initials 'D' and 'K' newly carved into one of the rocks. Although reports at the time suggested investigators had identified a suspect, the vandal had not been identified in March 2018, when a team of volunteers cleaned the tire tracks from the Racetrack using gardening tools and 750 gallons of water.

Question: జరిగే రాళ్లని కనుగొన్నది ఎవరు ?


Debian

Context: Debian is one of the oldest operating systems based on the Linux kernel. The project is coordinated over the Internet by a team of volunteers guided by the Debian Project Leader and three foundational documents: the Debian Social Contract, the Debian Constitution, and the Debian Free Software Guidelines. New distributions are updated continually, and the next candidate is released after a time-based freeze.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Since its founding, Debian has been developed openly and distributed freely according to the principles of the GNU Project. Because of this, the Free Software Foundation sponsored the project from November 1994 to November 1995. When the sponsorship ended, the Debian Project formed the nonprofit organization Software in the Public Interest to continue financially supporting development.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian distribution codenames are based on the names of characters from the "Toy Story" films. Debian's "unstable" trunk is named after Sid, a character who regularly destroyed his toys.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian was first announced on August 16, 1993, by Ian Murdock, who initially called the system "the Debian Linux Release". The word "Debian" was formed as a portmanteau of the first name of his then-girlfriend (later ex-wife) Debra Lynn and his own first name. Before Debian's release, the Softlanding Linux System (SLS) had been a popular Linux distribution and the basis for Slackware. The perceived poor maintenance and prevalence of bugs in SLS motivated Murdock to launch a new distribution.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian 0.01, released on September 15, 1993, was the first of several internal releases. Version 0.90 was the first public release, providing support through mailing lists hosted at Pixar. The release included the Debian Linux Manifesto, outlining Murdock's view for the new operating system. In it he called for the creation of a distribution to be maintained openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The Debian project released the 0.9x versions in 1994 and 1995. During this time it was sponsored by the Free Software Foundation for one year. Ian Murdock delegated the base system, the core packages of Debian, to Bruce Perens and Murdock focused on the management of the growing project. The first ports to non-IA-32 architectures began in 1995, and Debian 1.1 was released in 1996. By that time and thanks to Ian Jackson, the dpkg package manager was already an essential part of Debian.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Ian Jackson became the leader in 1998. Debian 2.0 introduced the second official port, m68k. During this time the first port to a non-Linux kernel, Debian GNU/Hurd, was started. On December 2, the first Debian Constitution was ratified.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: From 1999, the project leader was elected yearly. The Advanced Packaging Tool was deployed with Debian 2.1. The number of applicants was overwhelming and the project established the new member process. The first Debian derivatives, namely Libranet, Corel Linux and Stormix's Storm Linux, were started in 1999. The 2.2 release in 2000 was dedicated to Joel Klecker, a developer who died of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: In late 2000, the project reorganized the archive with new package "pools" and created the "Testing" distribution, made up of packages considered stable, to reduce the freeze for the next release. In the same year, developers began holding an annual conference called DebConf with talks and workshops for developers and technical users. In May 2001, Hewlett-Packard announced plans to base its Linux development on Debian.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: In July 2002, the project released version 3.0, code-named Woody, the first release to include cryptographic software, a free licensed KDE and internationalization. During these last release cycles, the Debian project drew considerable criticism from the free software community because of the long time between stable releases.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Some events disturbed the project while working on Sarge, as Debian servers were attacked by fire and hackers. One of the most memorable was the Vancouver prospectus. After a meeting held in Vancouver, release manager Steve Langasek announced a plan to reduce the number of supported ports to four in order to shorten future release cycles. There was a large reaction because the proposal looked more like a decision and because such a drop would damage Debian's aim to be "the universal operating system".

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The first version of the Debian-based Ubuntu, named "4.10 Warty Warthog", was released on October 20, 2004. Because it was distributed as a free download, it became one of the most popular and successful operating systems with more than "40 million users" according to Canonical Ltd. However, Murdock was critical of the differences between Ubuntu packages and Debian, stating that it leads to incompatibilities.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: A fund-raising experiment, Dunc-Tank, was created to solve the release cycle problem and release managers were paid to work full-time; in response, unpaid developers slowed down their work and the release was delayed.<br>

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian 4.0 (Etch) was released in April 2007, featuring the x86-64 port and a graphical installer.<br>

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian 5.0 (Lenny) was released in February 2009, supporting Marvell's Orion platform and netbooks such as the Asus Eee PC. The release was dedicated to Thiemo Seufer, a developer who died in a car crash.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: In July 2009, the policy of time-based development freezes on a two-year cycle was announced. Time-based freezes are intended to blend the predictability of time based releases with Debian's policy of feature based releases, and to reduce overall freeze time. The Squeeze cycle was going to be especially short; however, this initial schedule was abandoned. In September 2010, the backports service became official, providing more recent versions of some software for the stable release.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian 6.0 (Squeeze) was released in February 2011, featuring Debian GNU/kFreeBSD as a technology preview, along with adding a dependency-based boot system, and moving problematic firmware to the non-free section.<br>

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian 9.0 (Stretch) was released in June 2017, with nftables as a replacement for iptables, support for Flatpak apps, and MariaDB as the replacement for MySQL.<br>

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian 10.0 (Buster) was released in July 2019, adding support for Secure Boot and enabling AppArmor by default.<br>

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian 11.0 (Bullseye) was released in August 2021, enabling persistency in the system journal, adding support for driverless scanning, and containing kernel-level support for exFAT filesystems.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?