New York City Subway

Context: Upon entering a station, passengers may use station booths (formerly known as token booths) or vending machines to buy their fare, which is currently stored in a MetroCard. Each station has at least one booth, typically located at the busiest entrance. After swiping the card at a turnstile, customers enter the fare-controlled area of the station and continue to the platforms. Inside fare control are "Off-Hours Waiting Areas", which consist of benches and are identified by a yellow sign.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: A typical subway station has waiting platforms ranging from long. Some are longer. Platforms of former commuter rail stations—such as those on the IND Rockaway Line, are even longer. With the many different lines in the system, one platform often serves more than one service. Passengers need to look at the overhead signs to see which trains stop there and when, and at the arriving train to identify it.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: A typical New York City Subway train consists of 8 to 11 cars, although shuttles can have as few as two, and the train can range from in length.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: The system maintains two separate fleets of cars, one for the A Division routes and another for the B Division routes. A Division equipment is approximately wide and long, whereas B Division equipment is about wide and either or long. The different lengths for the B Division fleet are necessary because 75-foot cars can not be used over the BMT Eastern Division.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Cars purchased by the City of New York since the inception of the IND and the other divisions beginning in 1948 are identified by the letter "R" followed by a number; e.g.: R32. This number is the contract number under which the cars were purchased. Cars with nearby contract numbers (e.g.: R1 through R9, or R26 through R29, or R143 through R179) may be relatively identical, despite being purchased under different contracts and possibly built by different manufacturers.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: From 1999 to 2019, the R142, R142A, R143, R160, R179 and R188 were placed into service. These cars are collectively known as New Technology Trains (NTTs) due to modern innovations such as LED and LCD route signs and information screens, as well as recorded train announcements and the ability to facilitate Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC).

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: As part of the 2017–2020 MTA Financial Plan, 600 subway cars will have electronic display signs installed to improve customer experience.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Riders pay a single fare to enter the subway system and may transfer between trains at no extra cost until they exit via station turnstiles; the fare is a flat rate regardless of how far or how long the rider travels. Thus, riders must swipe their MetroCard or tap a contactless payment card or smartphone on an OMNY reader upon entering the subway system, but not a second time upon leaving.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: , nearly all fares are paid by MetroCard or OMNY. The base fare is $2.75 with the last fare increase occurring on March 22, 2015. Fares can be paid with most credit or debit cards using the OMNY readers, with a reusable MetroCard, or with single-use tickets. The MTA offers 7-day and 30-day unlimited ride programs that can lower the effective per-ride fare significantly. Reduced fares are available for the elderly and people with disabilities.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Unlimited-ride MetroCards are available for 7-day and 30-day periods. One-day "Fun Pass" and 14-day cards were also introduced, but have since been discontinued.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: On October 23, 2017, it was announced that the MetroCard would be phased out and replaced by OMNY, a contactless fare payment system by San Diego-based Cubic Transportation Systems, with fare payment being made using Apple Pay, Google Pay, debit/credit cards with near-field communication technology, or radio-frequency identification cards. All buses and subway stations will be compatible with electronic fare collection by late 2020 or early 2021. Support of the MetroCard is intended to remain until 2023.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: in order to allow workers to clean these lines without being hindered by train movements. It expanded the program beyond Manhattan the next year after noticing how efficient the FASTRACK program was compared to previous service diversions. In 2015, the MTA announced a wide-ranging improvement program as part of the 2015–2019 Capital Program. Thirty stations would be extensively rebuilt under the Enhanced Station Initiative, and new R211 subway cars would be able to fit more passengers.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Signaling has evolved during a century of operation, and MTA uses a mixture of old and new systems. Most routes use block signaling but a few routes are also being retrofitted with communications-based train control (CBTC), which would allow trains to run without conductor input.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Subway trains are stopped mechanically at all signals showing "stop". To make train stops safe and effective, wayside trippers must not be moved to trip ("stop") position until the train has fully passed.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: After the success of the BMT Canarsie Line automation, the IRT Flushing Line, carrying the , was next chosen to get CBTC. The plan is estimated to cost US$1.4 billion. It was scheduled to be completed in September 2017, but was delayed to November 2018.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: The New York City Subway uses a system known as Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) for dispatching and train routing on the A Division (the Flushing line and the trains used on the do not have ATS.) ATS allows dispatchers in the Operations Control Center (OCC) to see where trains are in real time, and whether each individual train is running early or late. Dispatchers can hold trains for connections, re-route trains, or short-turn trains to provide better service when a disruption causes delays.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: A portion of subway-related deaths in New York consists of suicides committed by jumping in front of an oncoming train. Between 1990 and 2003, 343 subway-related suicides were registered out of a citywide total of 7,394 (4.6%) and subway-related suicides increased by 30%, despite a decline in overall suicide numbers.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Crime rates have varied, but a downward trend has been observed starting in the 1990s up until 2014. In order to fight crime, various approaches have been used over the years, including an "If You See Something, Say Something" campaign and, starting in 2016, banning people who commit a crime in the subway system from entering the system for a certain length of time.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: In July 1985, the Citizens Crime Commission of New York City published a study showing riders abandoning the subway, fearing the frequent robberies and generally bad circumstances. Crime rates in the subway and the city dropped in 1993, part of a larger citywide decrease in crime. Michael Bloomberg stated in a November 2004 press release: "Today, the subway system is safer than it has been at any time since we started tabulating subway crime statistics nearly 40 years ago."

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: The subway system has been the target of some mass attacks, though such attacks are relatively rare. On December 11, 2017, there was an attempted bombing at the Times Square–42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal station, injuring four people including the attacker. On April 12, 2022, a shooting attack occurred on the N train, injuring 29 people including 10 who were shot.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: , the MTA Rules of Conduct, Restricted Areas and Activities section states that anyone may take pictures or record videos, provided that they do not use any of three tools: lights, reflectors, or tripods. These three tools are permitted only by members of the press who have identification issued by the NYPD.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: On April 11, 2008, MTA received a Ferrara Fire Apparatus Hazardous Materials Response Truck, which went into service three days later. It will be used in the case of a chemical or bioterrorist attack.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Najibullah Zazi and others were arrested in September 2009 and pleaded guilty in 2010 to being part of an al-Qaeda plan to undertake suicide bombings on the New York City subway system.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: In October 2017, city comptroller Scott Stringer released an analysis that subway delays could cost up to $389 million or $243.1 million or $170.2 million per year depending on the length of the delays.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Due to an increase of ridership, the MTA has tried to increase capacity wherever possible by adding more frequent service, specifically during the evening hours. This increase will not likely keep up with the growth of subway ridership. Some lines have capacity for additional trains during peak times, but there are too few subway cars for this additional service to be operated.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: As part of the R211 subway car order, the MTA is planning to test a train of 10 open-gangway experimental prototype cars, which could increase capacity by up to 10% by utilizing space between cars. The order could be expanded to include up to 750 open-gangway cars.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Shortened "next stop" announcements on trains were being tested on the 2 and 5 trains. "Step aside" signs on the platforms, reminding boarding passengers to let departing passengers off the train first, are being tested at Grand Central–42nd Street, 51st Street, and 86th Street on the Lexington Avenue Line. Cameras would also be installed so the MTA could observe passenger overcrowding.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: In systems like the London Underground, stations are simply closed off when they are overcrowded, such as the busy Oxford Circus tube station, which had to close more than 100 times in a year. That type of restriction is not necessary yet on the New York City Subway, according to MTA spokesman Kevin Ortiz.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Service on the subway system is occasionally disrupted by flooding from rainstorms, even minor ones. Rainwater can disrupt signals underground and require the electrified third rail to be shut off. Every day, the MTA moves 13 million gallons of water when it is not raining. The pumps and drainage system can handle a rainfall rate of per hour. Since 1992, $357 million has been used to improve 269 pump rooms. By August 2007, $115 million was earmarked to upgrade the remaining 18 pump rooms.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Despite these improvements, the transit system continues to experience flooding problems. On August 8, 2007, after more than of rain fell within an hour, the subway system flooded, causing almost every subway service to either be disabled or seriously disrupted, effectively halting the morning rush. On September 1, 2021, when of rain per hour fell during Hurricane Ida, service on the entire subway system was suspended.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Before 2011 there have been some full subway closures for transit strikes (January 1–13, 1966, April 1–11, 1980, December 20–22, 2005) and blackouts (November 9–10, 1965, July 13–14, 1977, August 14–16, 2003).

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: On August 27, 2011, due to the approach of Hurricane Irene, the MTA suspended subway service at noon in anticipation of heavy flooding on tracks and in tunnels. It was the first weather-caused shutdown in the history of the system. Service was restored by August 29.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Litter accumulation in the subway system is perennial. In the 1970s and 1980s, dirty trains and platforms, as well as graffiti, were a serious problem. The situation had improved since then, but the 2010 budget crisis, which caused over 100 of the cleaning staff to lose their jobs, threatened to curtail trash removal. Every day, the MTA removes 40 tons of trash from 3,500 trash receptacles.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: The New York City Subway system is infested with rats. Rats are sometimes seen on platforms, and are commonly seen foraging through garbage thrown onto the tracks. They are believed to pose a health hazard, and on rare instances have been known to bite humans. Subway stations notorious for rat infestation include Chambers Street, Jay Street–MetroTech, West Fourth Street, Spring Street and 145th Street.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: The contract, car numbers (and year built) used were Arnines, specifically R1 100 (built 1930), R1 103 (1930), R1 381 (1931), R4 401 (1932), R4 484 (1932) – Bulls Eye lighting and a test P.A. system added in 1946, R6-3 1000 (1935), R6-1 1300 (1937), R7A 1575 (1938) – rebuilt in 1947 as a prototype for the R10 subway car, and R9 1802 (1940).

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: Other routes have seen limited implementation of full train wraps. For instance, in 2010, one R142A train set on the 6 route was wrapped with a Target advertisement. In 2014, the Jaguar F-Type was advertised on train sets running on the F route. Some of these wraps have also been controversial, such as a Lane Bryant wrap in 2015 that displayed lingerie models on the exteriors of train cars.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: The New York City Subway system commemorates Pride Month in June with Pride-themed posters. The MTA celebrated Stonewall 50 - WorldPride NYC 2019 in June 2019 with rainbow-themed Pride logos on the subway trains as well as Pride-themed MetroCards.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: The New York City Subway system has been a target for unauthorized or "guerrilla" art since the 1970s, beginning with graffiti and tagging. Originally thought of as vandalism, the art form eventually emerged as an authoritative typology in the 1980s, especially with the release of the 1983 documentary Style Wars. In 2019-2020, the Bronx Museum mounted an exhibition of graffiti-tagged subway cars.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


New York City Subway

Context: More contemporary installations have taken place as well. In 2014, artist London Kaye yarn-bombed the L train, wrapping metal handpoles in knit fabric. In 2019, artist Ian Callender used projectors to show accurate views of the cityscape above moving 6 trains on the ceilings of entire cars. In 2021, illustrator Devon Rodriguez went viral for his drawings of fellow commuters.

Question: ニューヨークで最初に設置された駅の名前は？


Rwandan Civil War

Context: In 2015 the Rwandan government paid reparations to Uganda for damage inflicted during the civil war to its border regions.

Question: ルワンダでツチとフツの紛争が終わったのはいつ


Pattern 1853 Enfield

Context: The Enfield Pattern 1853 rifle-musket (also known as the Pattern 1853 Enfield, P53 Enfield, and Enfield rifle-musket) was a .577 calibre Minié-type muzzle-loading rifled musket, used by the British Empire from 1853 to 1867; after which many were replaced in service by the cartridge-loaded Snider–Enfield rifle.

Question: エンフィールド銃が初めて使用された戦争は何


Pattern 1853 Enfield

Context: Royal Small Arms Factory developed the Pattern 1853 Enfield in the 1850s. The barrel had three grooves, with a 1:78 rifling twist, and was fastened to the stock with three metal bands, so that the rifle was often called a "three band" model. The rifle's cartridges contained drams, or of gunpowder, and the ball was typically a Boxer modification of the Pritchett & Metford or a Burton-Minié, which would be driven out at approximately per second.

Question: エンフィールド銃が初めて使用された戦争は何


Pattern 1853 Enfield

Context: Numbers of Enfield muskets were also acquired by the Maori later on in the proceedings, either from the British themselves (who traded them to friendly tribes) or from European traders who were less discriminating about which customers they supplied with firearms, powder, and shot.

Question: エンフィールド銃が初めて使用された戦争は何


Pattern 1853 Enfield

Context: After the introduction of the Snider-Enfield, many of the Enfield Muskets in the Armed Constabulary's armouries were sold off to members of the public, and they remained a popular sporting and hunting arm in New Zealand well into the late 19th century, long after the introduction of metallic cartridge-loading firearms.

Question: エンフィールド銃が初めて使用された戦争は何


Hermes

Context: Hermes (; ) is an Olympian deity in ancient Greek religion and mythology. Hermes is considered the herald of the gods. He is also considered the protector of human heralds, travellers, thieves, merchants, and orators. He is able to move quickly and freely between the worlds of the mortal and the divine, aided by his winged sandals. Hermes plays the role of the psychopomp or "soul guide"—a conductor of souls into the afterlife.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In myth, Hermes functions as the emissary and messenger of the gods, and is often presented as the son of Zeus and Maia, the Pleiad. Hermes is regarded as "the divine trickster," about which the "Homeric Hymn to Hermes" offers the most well-known account.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: His attributes and symbols include the herma, the rooster, the tortoise, satchel or pouch, talaria (winged sandals), and winged helmet or simple petasos, as well as the palm tree, goat, the number four, several kinds of fish, and incense. However, his main symbol is the "caduceus", a winged staff intertwined with two snakes copulating and carvings of the other gods. His attributes had previously influenced the earlier Etruscan god Turms, a name borrowed from the Greek "herma".

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In Roman mythology and religion many of Hermes' characteristics belong to Mercury, a name derived from the Latin "merx", meaning "merchandise," and the origin of the words ""mer"chant" and "com"merce"."

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: The earliest form of the name "Hermes" is the Mycenaean Greek *"hermāhās", written "e-ma-a2" ("e-ma-ha") in the Linear B syllabic script. Most scholars derive "Hermes" from Greek ἕρμα ("herma"), "stone heap."

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: The etymology of ἕρμα itself is unknown, but is probably not a Proto-Indo-European word. R. S. P. Beekes rejects the connection with "herma" and suggests a Pre-Greek origin. However, the stone etymology is also linked to Indo-European "*ser-" ("to bind, put together"). Scholarly speculation that "Hermes" derives from a more primitive form meaning "one cairn" is disputed. Other scholars have suggested that Hermes may be a cognate of the Vedic Sarama.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: The image of Hermes evolved and varied along with Greek art and culture. In Archaic Greece he was usually depicted as a mature man, bearded, and dressed as a traveler, herald, or shepherd. This image remained common on the Hermai, which served as boundary markers, roadside markers, and grave markers, as well as votive offerings.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In Classical and Hellenistic Greece, Hermes was usually depicted as a young, athletic man lacking a beard. When represented as Logios (Greek: Λόγιος, speaker), his attitude is consistent with the attribute. Phidias left a statue of a famous Hermes Logios and Praxiteles another, also well known, showing him with the baby Dionysus in his arms.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: At all times, however, through the Hellenistic periods, Roman, and throughout Western history into the present day, several of his characteristic objects are present as identification, but not always all together. Among these objects is a wide-brimmed hat, the petasos, widely used by rural people of antiquity to protect themselves from the sun, and that in later times was adorned with a pair of small wings; sometimes this hat is not present, and may have been replaced with wings rising from the hair.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Hermes began as a god with strong chthonic, or underworld, associations. He was a psychopomp, leader of souls along the road between "the Under and the Upper world". This function gradually expanded to encompass roads in general, and from there to boundaries, travelers, sailors, and commerce.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: The association between Hermes and the underworld is related to his function as a god of boundaries (the boundary between life and death), but he is considered a psychopomp, a deity who helps guide souls of the deceased to the afterlife, and his image was commonly depicted on gravestones in classical Greece.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In association with his role as a psychopomp and god who is able to easily cross boundaries, Hermes is prominently worshiped as a messenger, often described as the messenger of the gods (since he can convey messages between the divine realms, the underworld, and the world of mortals). As a messenger and divine herald, he wears winged sandals (or, in Roman art influenced by Etruscan depictions of Turms, a winged cap).

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In literary works of Archaic Greece, Hermes is depicted both as a protector and a trickster. In Homer's "Iliad", Hermes is called "the bringer of good luck", "guide and guardian", and "excellent in all the tricks". In Hesiod's "The Works and Days", Hermes' is depicted giving Pandora the gifts of lies, seductive words, and a dubious character.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: The earliest known theological or spiritual documents concerning Hermes are found in the c. 7th century BC Homeric Hymns. In "Homeric Hymn 4 to Hermes" describes the god's birth and his theft of Apollo's sacred cattle. In this hymn, Hermes is invoked as a god "of many shifts" ("polytropos"), associated with cunning and thievery, but also a bringer of dreams and a night guardian. He is said to have invented the chelys lyre, as well as racing and the sport of wrestling.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: An epithet of Thoth found in the temple at Esna, "Thoth the great, the great, the great", became applied to Hermes beginning in at least 172 BC. This lent Hermes one of his most famous later titles, Hermes Trismegistus (Ἑρμῆς ὁ Τρισμέγιστος), "thrice-greatest Hermes". The figure of Hermes Trismegistus would later absorb a variety of other esoteric wisdom traditions and become a major component of Hermeticism, alchemy, and related traditions.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: A further Roman Imperial-era syncretism came in the form of Hermanubis, the result of the identification of Hermes with the Egyptian god of the dead, Anubis. Hermes and Anubis were both psychopomps the primary attribute leading to their conflation as the same god. Hermanubis depicted with a human body and a jackal head, holding the caduceus. In addition to his function of guiding souls to the afterlife, Hermanubis represented the Egyptian priesthood the investigation of truth.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Beginning around the turn of the 1st century AD, a process began by which, in certain traditions Hermes became euhemerised – that is, interpreted as a historical, mortal figure who had become divine or elevated to godlike status in legend. Numerous books of wisdom and magic (including astrology, theosophy, and alchemy) were attributed to this "historical" Hermes, usually identified in his Alexandrian form of Hermes Trismegistus. As a collection, these works are referred to as the "Hermetica".

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: The 10th-century "Suda" attempted to further Christianize the figure of Hermes, claiming that "He was called Trismegistus on account of his praise of the trinity, saying there is one divine nature in the trinity."

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In most places, temples were consecrated to Hermes in conjunction with Aphrodite, as in Attica, Arcadia, Crete, Samos and in Magna Graecia. Several ex-votos found in his temples revealed his role as initiator of young adulthood, among them soldiers and hunters, since war and certain forms of hunting were seen as ceremonial initiatory ordeals. This function of Hermes explains why some images in temples and other vessels show him as a teenager.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: As a patron of the gym and fighting, Hermes had statues in gyms and he was also worshiped in the sanctuary of the Twelve Gods in Olympia where Greeks celebrated the Olympic Games. His statue was held there on an altar dedicated to him and Apollo together.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Pausanias wrote that during his time, at Megalopolis people could see the ruins of the temple of Hermes Acacesius.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In addition, the Tricrena (Τρίκρηνα, meaning Three Springs) mountains at Pheneus were sacred to Hermes, because three springs were there and according to the legend, Hermes was washed in them, after birth, by the nymphs of the mountain.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Furthermore, at Pharae there was a water sacred to Hermes. The name of the spring was Hermes' stream and the fish in it were not caught, being considered sacred to the god.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Sacrifices to Hermes involved honey, cakes, pigs, goats, and lambs. In the city of Tanagra, it was believed that Hermes had been nursed under a wild strawberry tree, the remains of which were held there in the shrine of Hermes Promachus, and in the hills Phene ran three waterways that were sacred to him, because he was believed to have been bathed there at birth.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Hermes' feast was the Hermaea, which was celebrated with sacrifices to the god and with athletics and gymnastics, possibly having been established in the 6th century BC, but no documentation on the festival before the 4th century BC survives. However, Plato said that Socrates attended a Hermaea. Of all the festivals involving Greek games, these were the most like initiations because participation in them was restricted to young boys and excluded adults.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Hermes' epithet "Argeïphontes" (; ), meaning "slayer of Argus", recalls the slaying of the hundred-eyed giant Argus Panoptes by the messenger god. Argus was watching over the heifer-nymph Io in the sanctuary of Queen Hera, herself in Argos. Hermes placed a charm on Argus' eyes with the caduceus to cause the giant to sleep, after which he slew the giant. The eyes were then put into the tail of the peacock, a symbol of the goddess Hera.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Hermes was called "Cyllenian" (), because according to some myths he was born at the Mount Cyllene, and nursed by the Oread nymph Cyllene.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In ancient Greek culture, "kriophoros" () or "criophorus", the "ram-bearer," is a figure that commemorates the solemn sacrifice of a ram. It becomes an epithet of Hermes.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: The chief office of the god was as messenger. Explicitly, at least in sources of classical writings, of Euripides' "Electra" and "Iphigenia in Aulis" and in Epictetus' "Discourses". Hermes ("Diactoros", "Angelos") the messenger, is in fact only seen in this role, for Zeus, from within the pages of the "Odyssey". The messenger divine and herald of the Gods, he wears the gifts from his father, the petasos and talaria.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: No cult to Hermes Dolios existed in Attica, and so this form of Hermes seems to have existed in speech only.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Hermes Dolio is ambiguous. According to prominent folklorist Yeleazar Meletinsky, Hermes is a deified trickster and master of thieves ("a plunderer, a cattle-raider, a night-watching" in the "Homeric Hymn to Hermes") and deception (Euripides) and (possibly evil) tricks and trickeries, crafty (from "lit". god of craft), the cheat, the god of stealth. He is also known as the friendliest to man, cunning, treacherous, and a schemer.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Hermes is "amoral" like a baby. Zeus sent Hermes as a teacher to humanity to teach them knowledge of and value of justice and to improve inter-personal relationships ("bonding between mortals").

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Considered to have a mastery of rhetorical persuasion and "special pleading", the god typically has nocturnal "". Hermes knows the boundaries and crosses the borders of them to confuse their definition.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In the Lang translation of the "Homeric Hymn to Hermes", the god after being born is described as a "robber", "a captain of raiders", and a "thief of the gates".

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: According to the late Jungian psychotherapist López-Pedraza, everything Hermes thieves, he later sacrifices to the gods.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Homer and Hesiod portrayed Hermes as the author of skilled or deceptive acts and also as a benefactor of mortals. In the "Iliad", he is called "the bringer of good luck", "guide and guardian", and "excellent in all the tricks". He was a divine ally of the Greeks against the Trojans. However, he did protect Priam when he went to the Greek camp to retrieve the body of his son Hector and accompanied them back to Troy.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Aeschylus wrote in "The Eumenides" that Hermes helped Orestes kill Clytemnestra under a false identity and other stratagems, and also said that he was the god of searches, and those who seek things lost or stolen. In "Philoctetes", Sophocles invokes Hermes when Odysseus needs to convince Philoctetes to join the Trojan War on the side of the Greeks, and in Euripides' "Rhesus" Hermes helps Dolon spy on the Greek navy.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Aesop featured him in several of his fables, as ruler of the gate of prophetic dreams, as the god of athletes, of edible roots, and of hospitality. He also said that Hermes had assigned each person his share of intelligence.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Several writers of the Hellenistic period expanded the list of Hermes's achievements. Callimachus said that Hermes disguised himself as a Cyclops to scare the Oceanids and was disobedient to his mother. One of the Orphic Hymns Khthonios is dedicated to Hermes, indicating that he was also a god of the underworld. Aeschylus had called him by this epithet several times. Another is the Orphic Hymn to Hermes, where his association with the athletic games held is mystic in tone.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Anyte of Tegea of the 3rd century BC, in the translation by Richard Aldington, wrote, I Hermes stand here at the crossroads by the wind beaten orchard, near the hoary grey coast; and I keep a resting place for weary men. And the cool stainless spring gushes out.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: According to Hyginus' "Fabula", Pan, the Greek god of nature, shepherds and flocks, is the son of Hermes through the nymph Dryope. It is likely that the worship of Hermes himself actually originated as an aspect of Pan as the god of boundaries, which could explain their association as parent and child in Hyginus. In other sources, the god Priapus is understood as a son of Hermes.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: According to Pseudo-Apollodorus' "Bibliotheca", Autolycus, the Prince of Thieves, was a son of Hermes and Chione, making Hermes a great-grandfather of Odysseus.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Once, Hermes chased either Persephone or Hecate with the aim to rape her; but the goddess snored or roared in anger, frightening him off so that he desisted, hence her earning the name "Brimo" ("angry").

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: For Carl Jung, Hermes's role as messenger between realms and as guide to the underworld made him the god of the unconscious, the mediator between the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind, and the guide for inner journeys.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: Jung considered the gods Thoth and Hermes to be counterparts. In Jungian psychology especially, Hermes is seen as relevant to study of the phenomenon of synchronicity (together with Pan and Dionysus):

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: He is identified by some with the archetype of healer, as the ancient Greeks ascribed healing magic to him.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: In the context of abnormal psychology Samuels (1986) states that Jung considers Hermes the archetype for narcissistic disorder; however, he lends the disorder a "positive" (beneficious) aspect, and represents both the good and bad of narcissism.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: For López-Pedraza, Hermes is the protector of psychotherapy. For McNeely, Hermes is a god of the healing arts.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Hermes

Context: According to Christopher Booker, all the roles Hermes held in ancient Greek thought all considered reveals Hermes to be a guide or observer of transition.

Question: ヘルメス神は何の神？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: Puigdemont received basic education in Amer before, aged nine, he was sent to study at the Church-run Santa Maria del Collell boarding school in Girona where he was taught in Spanish and "learned to be a fighter". At the age of 16 he was already a reporter for the "Diari de Girona" newspaper, writing articles on football and other news.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: After school Puigdemont joined the University College of Girona to study Catalan philology but dropped out to pursue a career in journalism. In 1983, aged 21, Puigdemont was involved in a car accident which left him seriously injured and with a slight scar on his face. It has been suggested that this explains his Beatle haircut but friends deny this.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: Puigdemont joined the "El Punt", a pro-independence Catalan language newspaper, as a journalist in 1982. He rose through the ranks to become the paper's editor-in-chief. He also wrote a weekly column for the "Presència" magazine. He is a member of the Catalan Journalists Association.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: Beginning in 1988, Puigdemont started collecting references about Catalonia in the international press, material that resulted in the publication of the 1994 book "Cata... què? Catalunya vista per la premsa internacional" ("Cata...what? Catalonia as seen by the foreign press"). During the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona Puigdemont was a member of an organisation supporting Catalan nationalists detained as part of "Operation Garzón".

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: Puigdemont left journalism to devote himself fully to politics in 2006 when the Convergence and Union (CiU) electoral alliance invited him to be a candidate for the Parliament of Catalonia. Puigdemont contested the 2006 regional election as a CiU candidate in the Province of Girona and was elected. He was re-elected at the 2010, 2012 and 2015 regional elections, the latter as a Junts pel Sí (JxSí) electoral alliance candidate.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: Puigdemont contested the 2007 local elections as a CiU candidate in Girona and was elected but the CiU remained in opposition. At the 2011 local elections, in which Puigdemont we re-elected, the CiU ended the Socialists's 32-year rule in Girona. Puigdemont became Mayor of Girona. He was re-elected at the 2015 local elections. He was a member of executive committee of the Association of Municipalities for Independence and in July 2015 succeeded Josep Maria Vila d'Abadal as its chair.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: On 23 February 2018, Puigdemont's portrait was ordered to be removed from Santiago Sierra's “Contemporary Spanish Political Prisoners” exhibition in Madrid.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: On 1 March 2018, Puigdemont was hoping to be selected by the Catalan Parliament as President of Catalonia again, but the Catalan Parliament heeded warnings from Spain's judiciary and postponed the session in which Puigdemont could be selected. Subsequently, Puigdemont announced that he was no longer seeking re-election as leader of Catalonia. Later he announced the creation of a government-in-exile organization named "Council of the Republic".

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: After his release, Puigdemont called on Spain's government to release Catalan separatists from imprisonment and establish a dialog with them.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: On 12 July 2018 the higher court in Schleswig-Holstein confirmed that Puigdemont could not be extradited by the crime of rebellion, but may still be extradited based on charges of misuse of public funds. Puigdemont's legal team said they would appeal any decision to extradite him. Ultimately, though, Spain dropped its European arrest warrant, ending the extradition attempt. Puigdemont was once again free to travel, and chose to return to Belgium.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: In January 2019 Puigdemont filed a constitutional application for "amparo" directed against the president of the Catalan parliament, Roger Torrent and the Board of the Chamber. The complaint, presented to the Spanish Constitutional Court, argued Puigdemont had been denied the use of his political rights as Torrent did not allow him to delegate his vote from Belgium after Puigdemont's criminal indictment and suspension of his parliamentary condition by Supreme Court judge Pablo Llarena.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: Following the April 2019 arrest of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange inside the Ecuadorian Embassy in London, Puigdemont said that "Human rights, and especially freedom of expression, are under attack once again in Europe."

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: On 20 December 2019, Puigdemont was accredited as an MEP after a ruling from the European Court of Justice said that he was permitted to take on his role as MEP.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: Later in January 2020, just hours before the scheduled internal vote among the Greens/ALE MEPs on the request filed by Puigdemont and Comín to join the Greens/ALE group, both Puigdemont and Comín withdrew their application.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: On 30 April 2021, Morocco granted Puigdemont asylum. According to a source from the Moroccan foreign ministry, the decision was made in due to "the principle of reciprocity to host the Catalan independence leader" after Sahrawi President Brahim Ghali was allowed to go to Spain to get treated for COVID-19.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: On 23 September 2021, Puigdemont was arrested at the airport of Alghero by the Italian police just after he was descending from the plane he was traveling from Brussels. The arrest took place following a Spanish Supreme Court Euro-order issued in 2019 and forced him to spend the night in the Sardinian prison of Bancali. At a court hearing the day after his arrest, he was released without any precautionary measures, in line with the Italian prosecutor's request.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: One of the founders of the youth organization of the right-of-centre Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) in the province of Girona, Puigdemont has associated himself since then with the most staunchly pro-independence faction in the party.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: Puigdemont married Romanian journalist Marcela Topor in 2000. They have two daughters, Magali and Maria, and live in Girona. He speaks Catalan, English, French, Romanian and Spanish. Puigdemont is a supporter of Girona FC and FC Barcelona and plays rock guitar and the electric piano. As a child Puigdemont played bass in a short-lived Catalan rock band formed about 1980.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Carles Puigdemont

Context: On 2 February 2018, the Belgian commune of Waterloo confirmed that he had rented a villa and planned to establish his official residence there.

Question: カルラス・プッチダモン・イ・カザマジョーのジャーナリスト時代の所属は？


Edwin F. Bowers

Context: Bowers with William H. Fitzgerald had invented "Zone therapy", a form of reflexology. In 1917, they collaborated on a book titled "Zone Therapy". It has been widely criticized as there is no evidence it is beneficial for any medical condition and has been dismissed as quackery.

Question: リフレクソロジーの提唱者は誰？


Edwin F. Bowers

Context: Although for years he has termed himself a physician, in attempts to capitalize the deceit, our records show that Bowers is not a graduate in medicine, never attended any medical college as a student of medicine and is not licensed to practice medicine in any state in the Union... Bowers has written reams of quasi-scientific buncombe both in popular magazines and cheap medical journals. He has puffed nostrums, quackeries and commercialized fads, medical and others.

Question: リフレクソロジーの提唱者は誰？


Edwin F. Bowers

Context: Nutritionist Bernarr Macfadden promoted Bowers as a doctor of medicine. However, physician Morris Fishbein wrote that "Dr. Bowers is not a doctor of medicine, and the only M.D. he has is the one Macfadden gives him."

Question: リフレクソロジーの提唱者は誰？


Edwin F. Bowers

Context: There is no way of computing the number of bacteria and noxious germs that may lurk in the Amazonian jungles of a well-whiskered face, but their number must be legion. Measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, whooping cough, common and uncommon colds, and a host of other infectious diseases can be, and undoubtedly are, transmitted via the whisker route.

Question: リフレクソロジーの提唱者は誰？


Edwin F. Bowers

Context: Bowers was a convinced spiritualist. He had defended the fraudulent medium Frank Decker. In his book "Spiritualism's Challenge", Bowers made incorrect statements about a magician and was threatened with a lawsuit from the Society of American Magicians. He later removed the incorrect statements from his book.

Question: リフレクソロジーの提唱者は誰？


Edwin F. Bowers

Context: Bowers held séances at his home in West End Avenue, New York City. At one of these séances, professional photographer William van der Weyde produced an alleged spirit photograph of deceased psychical researcher James H. Hyslop. Bowers and other spiritualists were convinced the photograph was genuine. According to Fulton Oursler the photograph was a fake. Weyde had taken a photograph of Hyslop before his death and had a plate in his possession that had never been developed.

Question: リフレクソロジーの提唱者は誰？


History of supercomputing

Context: The term supercomputing arose in the late 1920s in the United States in response to the IBM tabulators at Columbia University. The CDC 6600, released in 1964, is sometimes considered the first supercomputer. However, some earlier computers were considered supercomputers for their day such as the 1960 UNIVAC LARC, the IBM 7030 Stretch, and the Manchester Atlas, both in 1962—all of which were of comparable power; and the 1954 IBM NORC.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: While the supercomputers of the 1980s used only a few processors, in the 1990s, machines with thousands of processors began to appear both in the United States and in Japan, setting new computational performance records.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: By the end of the 20th century, massively parallel supercomputers with thousands of "off-the-shelf" processors similar to those found in personal computers were constructed and broke through the teraflop computational barrier.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: Progress in the first decade of the 21st century was dramatic and supercomputers with over 60,000 processors appeared, reaching petaflop performance levels.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: The term "Super Computing" was first used in the "New York World" in 1929 to refer to large custom-built tabulators that IBM had made for Columbia University.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: In 1956, a team at Manchester University in the United Kingdom, began development of MUSE — a name derived from microsecond engine — with the aim of eventually building a computer that could operate at processing speeds approaching one microsecond per instruction, about one million instructions per second. "Mu" (the name of the Greek letter "µ") is a prefix in the SI and other systems of units denoting a factor of 10−6 (one millionth).

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: The Cray-2 which set the frontiers of supercomputing in the mid to late 1980s had only 8 processors. In the 1990s, supercomputers with thousands of processors began to appear. Another development at the end of the 1980s was the arrival of Japanese supercomputers, some of which were modeled after the Cray-1.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: The SX-3/44R was announced by NEC Corporation in 1989 and a year later earned the fastest in the world title with a 4 processor model. However, Fujitsu's Numerical Wind Tunnel supercomputer used 166 vector processors to gain the top spot in 1994. It had a peak speed of 1.7 gigaflops per processor. The Hitachi SR2201 on the other hand obtained a peak performance of 600 gigaflops in 1996 by using 2048 processors connected via a fast three-dimensional crossbar network.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: In the same timeframe the Intel Paragon could have 1000 to 4000 Intel i860 processors in various configurations, and was ranked the fastest in the world in 1993. The Paragon was a MIMD machine which connected processors via a high speed two-dimensional mesh, allowing processes to execute on separate nodes; communicating via the Message Passing Interface. By 1995, Cray was also shipping massively parallel systems, e.g. the Cray T3E with over 2,000 processors, using a three-dimensional torus interconnect.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: Significant progress was made in the first decade of the 21st century. The efficiency of supercomputers continued to increase, but not dramatically so. The Cray C90 used 500 kilowatts of power in 1991, while by 2003 the ASCI Q used 3,000 kW while being 2,000 times faster, increasing the performance per watt 300 fold.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: In 2004, the Earth Simulator supercomputer built by NEC at the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) reached 35.9 teraflops, using 640 nodes, each with eight proprietary vector processors. By comparison, as of 2020, a single NVidia RTX 3090 graphics card can deliver comparable performance at 35 TFLOPS per card.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: The IBM Blue Gene supercomputer architecture found widespread use in the early part of the 21st century, and 27 of the computers on the TOP500 list used that architecture. The Blue Gene approach is somewhat different in that it trades processor speed for low power consumption so that a larger number of processors can be used at air cooled temperatures. It can use over 60,000 processors, with 2048 processors "per rack", and connects them via a three-dimensional torus interconnect.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: Progress in China has been rapid, in that China placed 51st on the TOP500 list in June 2003, then 14th in November 2003, and 10th in June 2004 and then 5th during 2005, before gaining the top spot in 2010 with the 2.5 petaflop Tianhe-I supercomputer.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: This is a list of the computers which appeared at the top of the Top500 list since 1993. The "Peak speed" is given as the "Rmax" rating.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


History of supercomputing

Context: The CoCom and its later replacement, the Wassenaar Arrangement, legally regulated - required licensing and approval and record-keeping; or banned entirely - the export of high-performance computers (HPCs) to certain countries. Such controls have become harder to justify, leading to loosening of these regulations. Some have argued these regulations were never justified.

Question: スーパーコンピュータの開発を始めたのは誰


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: Yemen's Zoroastrians who had the jizya imposed on them after being conquered by Muhammad are mentioned by the Islamic historian al-Baladhuri.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: Once a Zoroastrian family converted to Islam, the children had to go to Muslim religion school and learn Arabic and the teachings of the Quran and these children lost their Zoroastrian identity. These factors continued to contribute to increasing rates of conversion from Zoroastrianism to Islam. A Persian scholar commented, "Why so many had to die or suffer? Because one side was determined to impose his religion upon the other who could not understand."

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: In the 7th century CE Persia succumbed to the invading Arabs. With the death of Yazdegerd III, who was treacherously slain in 651 after being defeated in battle, the Sassanid line came to an end and the Zoroastrian faith, and Islam took its place as the national religion of Persia.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: Under the first four Caliphs, Persia remained predominantly Zoroastrian. Zoroastrians were awarded the status of "People of the Book" or "dhimmi" status by the Caliph Umar, although some practices contrary to Islam were prohibited.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: Hardly any Zoroastrian family was able to avoid conversion to Islam when employed by the Abbasids. Because of their harshness towards unbelievers, and due to their lavish patronage of Persian Muslims, the Abbasids proved to be deadly foes of Zoroastrianism.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: According to Dawlatshah, Abdollah-ibn-Tahir, an Arabicized Persian, and governor of Khorasan for the Abbasid caliphs, banned publication in Persian and by his order all the Zoroastrians were forced to bring their religious books to be thrown in the fire. As a result, many literary works written in Pahlavi script disappeared. During the Abbasid reign the Zoroastrians, for the first time became a minority in Iran.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: The Abbasids were followed by the Saffarids. Zoroastrians lived under the leadership of their High Priest, since they had no king. In Iraq, the political center of the Sassanian state, Zoroastrian institutions were viewed as appendages of the royal government and family, and suffered much destruction and confiscation. Closely associated with the power structures of the Persian Empire, Zoroastrian clergy quickly declined after it was deprived of the state support.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: He also added Sindh and Sin of the Indian subcontinent (Al-Hind) to the list. This general statement of al Masudi is fully supported by the medieval geographers who make mention of fire temples in most of the Iranian towns.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: One of the dates that can be fixed with certainty is the arrival of Parsees in Navsari when a mobed named Kamdin Zarthost arrived there in 1142 AD to perform religious ceremonies for Zoroastrians settled there. Traditionally, the Parsee settlers had named it Navsari after Sari in Iran. However this was considered wrong by the Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency who noted that the town was already shown in Ptolemy's map.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: Due to the extent of oppression, and destitution, many Zoroastrians ventured to the hazardous journey to India. Those who could not afford the voyage aboard the ships, risked their lives by crossing the hostile desert on donkeys or even on foot. In India, they were recognized for Sedreh and Kushti and were sheltered by their Parsi brethren. There, they formed the second major Indian Zoroastrian community known as the Iranis.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: The 1979 Islamic Revolution was equally traumatic for the remaining Zoroastrians, and their numbers reduced drastically. Immediately after the revolution, during Bazargan's premiership, Muslim revolutionaries "walked into the main Zoroastrian fire temple in Tehran and removed the portrait of the Prophet Zoroaster and replaced it with one of [Ayatollah] Khomeini".

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: However, just like the Armenian, Assyrian and Persian Jewish communities, Zoroastrians are officially recognized and on the grounds of the 1906 Constitution allocated one seat in the Iranian Parliament, currently held by Esfandiar Ekhtiari Kassnavieh. Out-marriage and low birth rates affect the growth of Iran's Zoroastrian population which, according to Iran's 2012 census results, stood at 25,271, though this represented an increase of 27.5% on the 2006 population.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: In 2013, Sepanta Niknam was elected to the city council of Yazd and became the first Zoroastrian councillor in Iran.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Persecution of Zoroastrians

Context: Mazdakism was viewed by the Zoroastrian hierarchy as a heresy and its followers were persecuted by Zoroastrian Sassanian leaders. The Sassanian ruler Khosrau I launched a campaign against the Mazdakis in 524 or 528, culminating in a massacre which killed most of them, including Mazdak himself and restored orthodox Zoroastrianism as the state religion.

Question: ズルワーン教はいつ滅びましたか？


Edo period

Context: The Edo period or Tokugawa period is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional "daimyo".

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: Like Hideyoshi, Ieyasu encouraged foreign trade but also was suspicious of outsiders. He wanted to make Edo a major port, but once he learned that the Europeans favored ports in Kyūshū and that China had rejected his plans for official trade, he moved to control existing trade and allowed only certain ports to handle specific kinds of commodities.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: Lower orders divided into two main segments—the peasants—80% of the population—whose high prestige as producers was undercut by their burden as the chief source of taxes. They were illiterate and lived in villages controlled by appointed officials who kept the peace and collected taxes.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: The family was the smallest legal entity, and the maintenance of family status and privileges was of great importance at all levels of society. The individual had no separate legal rights. The 1711 "Gotōke reijō" was compiled from over 600 statutes promulgated between 1597 and 1696.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: The Tokugawa era brought peace, and that brought prosperity to a nation of 31 million, 80% of them rice farmers. Rice production increased steadily, but population remained stable. Rice paddies grew from 1.6 million chō in 1600 to 3 million by 1720. Improved technology helped farmers control the all-important flow of water to their paddies. The daimyos operated several hundred castle towns, which became loci of domestic trade.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: A few domains, notably Chōsū and Satsuma, used innovative methods to restore their finances, but most sunk further into debt. The financial crisis provoked a reactionary solution near the end of the "Tempo era" (1830-1843) promulgated by the chief counselor Mizuno Tadakuni. He raised taxes, denounced luxuries and tried to impede the growth of business; he failed and it appeared to many that the continued existence of the entire Tokugawa system was in jeopardy.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: Rice was the base of the economy. About 80% of the people were rice farmers. Rice production increased steadily, but population remained stable, so prosperity increased. Rice paddies grew from 1.6 million chō in 1600 to 3 million by 1720. Improved technology helped farmers control the all-important flow of irrigation to their paddies. The "daimyo" operated several hundred castle towns, which became loci of domestic trade.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: In Edo, the shogunate set up several schools under its direct patronage, the most important being the neo-Confucian acting as a de facto elite school for its bureaucracy but also creating a network of alumni from the whole country. Besides Shoheikō, other important directly-run schools at the end of the shogunate included the , specialized in Japanese domestic history and literature, influencing the rise of kokugaku, and the , focusing on Chinese medicine.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: Professional female entertainers ("geisha"), music, popular stories, "Kabuki" (theater) and "bunraku" (puppet theater), poetry, a rich literature, and art, exemplified by beautiful woodblock prints (known as "ukiyo-e"), were all part of this flowering of culture. Literature also flourished with the talented examples of the playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653–1724) and the poet, essayist, and travel writer Matsuo Bashō (1644–94).

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: Eating out became popular due to urbanization. Particularly popular among ordinary people were stalls serving fast food such as soba, sushi, tempura, and unagi, tofu restaurants, teahouses and izakaya (Japanese-style pubs). A number of ryotei also opened to serve high-class food. People enjoyed eating at restaurants by buying books that listed restaurant ratings that imitated sumo rankings.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: A kind of kimono specific to the military elite is the or "palace court style", which would be worn in the residence of a military leader (a or ). These would have landscape scenes, among which there are other motifs usually referencing classic literature. Samurai men would dress with a more understated design with geometrical designs concentrated around the waist. The , or sleeping kimono, is a thickly wadded form of wearable bedding, usually with simple designs.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: The end of this period is specifically called the late Tokugawa shogunate. The cause for the end of this period is controversial but is recounted as the forcing of Japan's opening to the world by Commodore Matthew Perry of the US Navy, whose armada (known by Japanese as "the black ships") fired weapons from Edo Bay. Several artificial land masses were created to block the range of the armada, and this land remains in what is presently called the Odaiba district.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: Although Japan was able to acquire and refine a wide variety of scientific knowledge, the rapid industrialization of the West during the 18th century created a material gap in terms of technologies and armament between Japan and the West, forcing it to abandon its policy of seclusion, which contributed to the end of the Tokugawa regime.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: Japan turned down a demand from the United States, which was greatly expanding its own presence in the Asia-Pacific region, to establish diplomatic relations when Commodore James Biddle appeared in Edo Bay with two warships in July 1846.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: At the head of the dissident faction was Tokugawa Nariaki, who had long embraced a militant loyalty to the emperor along with anti-foreign sentiments, and who had been put in charge of national defense in 1854. The Mito school—based on neo-Confucian and Shinto principles—had as its goal the restoration of the imperial institution, the turning back of the West, and the founding of a world empire under the divine Yamato dynasty.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: This inspired many anti-Tokugawa activists as they blamed the bakufu for impoverishing the people and dishonoring the emperor.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: During the last years of the "bakufu", or "bakumatsu", the "bakufu" took strong measures to try to reassert its dominance, although its involvement with modernization and foreign powers was to make it a target of anti-Western sentiment throughout the country.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: Revering the emperor as a symbol of unity, extremists wrought violence and death against the Bakufu and Han authorities and foreigners. Foreign naval retaliation in the Anglo-Satsuma War led to still another concessionary commercial treaty in 1865, but Yoshitomi was unable to enforce the Western treaties. A "bakufu" army was defeated when it was sent to crush dissent in the Satsuma and Chōshū Domains in 1866. Finally, in 1867, Emperor Kōmei died and was succeeded by his underaged son Emperor Meiji.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: Following the Boshin War (1868–1869), the "bakufu" was abolished, and Yoshinobu was reduced to the ranks of the common "daimyo". Resistance continued in the North throughout 1868, and the "bakufu" naval forces under Admiral Enomoto Takeaki continued to hold out for another six months in Hokkaidō, where they founded the short-lived Republic of Ezo.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: The Edo period is the setting of many works of popular culture. These include novels, comics, stageplays, films, television shows, animated works, and manga.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Edo period

Context: There is a cultural theme park called Edo Wonderland Nikko Edomura in the Kinugawa Onsen area of Nikkō, Tochigi, north of Tokyo.

Question: 譜代とはどのような意味ですか？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: Pneumocystis" pneumonia (PCP), also known as Pneumocystis jirovecii" pneumonia (PJP), is a form of pneumonia that is caused by the yeast-like fungus "Pneumocystis jirovecii".

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: "Pneumocystis" specimens are commonly found in the lungs of healthy people although it is usually not a cause for disease. However, they are a source of opportunistic infection and can cause lung infections in people with a weak immune system or other predisposing health conditions. PCP is seen in people with HIV/AIDS (who account for 30-40% of PCP cases), those using medications that suppress the immune system, and people with cancer, autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, and chronic lung disease.

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: Signs and symptoms may develop over several days or weeks and may include: shortness of breath and/or difficulty breathing (of gradual onset), fever, dry/non-productive cough, weight loss, night sweats, chills, and fatigue. Uncommonly, the infection may progress to involve other visceral organs (such as the liver, spleen, and kidney).

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: Pneumothorax is a well-known complication of PCP. Also, a condition similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may occur in patients with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia, and such individuals may require intubation.

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: The diagnosis can be confirmed by the characteristic appearance of the chest X-ray and an arterial oxygen level (PaO2) that is strikingly lower than would be expected from symptoms. Gallium 67 scans are also useful in the diagnosis. They are abnormal in about 90% of cases and are often positive before the chest X-ray becomes abnormal. Chest X-ray typically shows widespread pulmonary infiltrates. CT scan may show pulmonary cysts (not to be confused with the cyst-forms of the pathogen).

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: In immunocompromised people, prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), atovaquone, or regular pentamidine inhalations may help prevent PCP.

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: Pentamidine is less often used, as its major limitation is the high frequency of side effects. These include acute pancreatic inflammation, kidney failure, liver toxicity, decreased white blood cell count, rash, fever, and low blood sugar.

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: "P. jirovecii" is commonly believed to be a commensal organism (dependent upon its human host for survival). The possibility of person-to-person transmission has recently gained credence, with supporting evidence coming from many different genotyping studies of "P. jirovecii" isolates from human lung tissue. For example, in one outbreak of 12 cases among transplant patients in Leiden, it was suggested as likely, but not proven, that human-to-human spread may have occurred.

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: The first cases of "Pneumocystis" pneumonia were described in premature infants in Europe following the Second World War. It was then known as plasma cellular interstitial pneumonitis of the newborn.

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: Both "Pneumocystis" pneumonia and pneumocystis pneumonia are orthographically correct; one uses the genus name per se and the other uses the common noun based on it. (This is the same reason, for example, why "group A "Streptococcus"" and "group A streptococcus" are both valid.) Synonyms for PCP include pneumocystosis (pneumocystis + -osis), pneumocystiasis (pneumocystis + -iasis), and interstitial plasma cell pneumonia.

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: The older species name "Pneumocystis carinii" (which now applies only to the "Pneumocystis" species that is found in rats) is still in common usage. As a result, "Pneumocystis" pneumonia (PCP) is also known as Pneumocystis jiroveci[i]" pneumonia and (incorrectly) as Pneumocystis carinii" pneumonia.

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Pneumocystis pneumonia

Context: Regarding nomenclature, when the name of "Pneumocystis" pneumonia (PCP) changed from "P. carinii" pneumonia to "P. jirovecii" pneumonia, it was at first asked whether "PJP" should replace "PCP". However, because the short name "PCP" was already well established among physicians that managed patients with "Pneumocystis" infection, it was widely accepted that this name could continue to be used, as it could now stand for pneumocystis pneumonia.

Question: ニューモシスチス肺炎で死に至ることはある？


Hille, Germany

Context: The white stork nests in and around the Bastau lowland, with assistance provided for its recovering population.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Hille is classified as a "large rural community" that lies in the North German Plain, it rises to the ridge of the Wiehengebirge in the south. The Lübber Berg (mountain) is its highest point at an altitude of 251m over sea level. The lowest point is in the Bastau lowland meadows or bogs near Hartum with an altitude of only 47.7m. Hille extends 11.8 km from east to west and 15.4 km from north to south.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Hiller Platt, a dialect of Low German, was spoken by most residents into recent times. It had considerable variation from village to village. The use of this language has declined significantly.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Amt Hartum and Amt Dützen were dissolved; the community of Hille is the legal successor of Amt Hartum. The community town hall is the building formerly housing Amt Hartum, which has a reasonably accessible location to the larger community.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Since the community elections of 1999 the town council of Hille has 32 seats besides the mayor. The representatives of the FWG Party and the Green Party(Grünen)have joined into one coalition.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The members of the community council are elected for a term of 5 years. The next election will take place in 2014. Until the community elections of 1999, the office of mayor was honorary but was a member of the community council, with a Community Administrator (Gemeindedirector) leading the community administration.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Until 1999 the administration of the community of Hille was led by an executive community administrator, who was elected by the community council (Gemeinderat). Wilhelm Grote, the former Director of the dissolved Amt Hartum, was elected as the first community administrator in 1973. He fulfilled these duties until his retirement in 1987. Reinhard Jasper first won the office through the drawing of lots to break a tie in the vote.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The community of Hille obtained the right to a coat of arms, a flag and a seal in 1981 from the Detmold Regional President. (Hauptsatzung § 2)

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Description of the Coat of Arms: In Silver (White) out of a red wavy shield foot grow three red cat-tails with black cylinder above red diagonally oriented windmill blades.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The windmill blades derive from the coat of arms of the former Amt Hartum, which had many windmills in its territory. The cat-tails derive from the coat of arms of the former community of Hille, where the Hille Moor is located; and where the harvesting of peat was formerly of great significance. The use of red and silver harks back to the historic relationship to the Bishopric of Minden.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Script on top: GEMEINDE HILLE. Script underneath: KREIS MINDEN-LÜBBECKE. Seal Picture: Coat of Arms in which the content of the coat of arms is given in contours.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: There is no dedicated theater building in this rural community, but performances are presented intermittently in the assembly hall of the Combined School (Verbundschule) in the village of Hille. Two adjacent communities have created open air amphitheaters for amateur productions called Freilichtbühne Nettelstedt and Freilichtbühne Porta.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Besides its windmill every village had a village chapel or church at its core. The local style was determined by timber construction with fieldstone walls and tile roofs. The village of Hille contains the old distillery Meyer, a former distillery of rye mash. A stork nest was erected on its chimney. The family seat of the von Oenhausen family is a substantial part timbered house in the village of Hille that is familiarly referred to as "Reimlers Hof".

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The Community of Hille possesses significant protected natural areas ("Naturschutzgebiete") including "Naturschutzgebiet Großes Torfmoor", the "Naturschutzgebiet Bastauwiesen" and the Mindener Forest (Wald).

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The old farmers spa Rothenuffeln with its sulphur springs has established itself on the north slope of the Wiehengebirge. It includes an old spa park that invites guests for hiking.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The open Market in Hille has been held annually in April and September since 1564. The youth wind or brass orchestra performs during alternating years in the large spa park in Rothenuffeln to initiate its great light show.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Much grain is grown in this area. A significant portion of this is converted to Korn (whiskey) or Moorbrand produced in Hille.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The infrastructure of Hille is greatly influenced by the east–west-oriented ridge of the Wiehengebirge as well as the Mittellandkanal, which runs in the same direction.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The B 65 Road from Hannover to Osnabrück runs through the southern part of the community. This national connector road was of more significance in the past; a part of its former mission has been superseded by the A 30 Autobahn located on the south side of the Wiehengebirge.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The important Mittellandkanal traverses the community since 1915. The Harbour of Hille is located on it and is connected to the Mindener Kreisbahn. Its cargo totals increased from 2005 to 2006.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Long distance bicycle trails like the Bremen–Bad Oeynhausen route, Mühlenroute und Wellness-Radroute traverse the community.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: An example of this is Friedrich Priess GmbH & Co KG, a furniture manufactures in Hille since 1931. the firm Prieß, Horstmann & Co. Maschinenbau, GmbH & Co.KG in Unterlübbe manufactures machine tools for the furniture industry.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The poor economic conditions in the post World War era caused many job searchers to travel to the Volkswagen works in Hannover. In those days workers employed at Volkswagen could purchase a car annually and resell it. This resulted in an active used-car trade for the area.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The trash landfill Pohlsche Heide is located in Hille, which handles provides trash disposal beyond the Kreis Minden-Lübbecke.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The R. Bücker EDV-Beratung Datentechnik GmbH is a medium-sized data supply IT Company from Hille. The UPHOFF Schlosserei GmbH is involved in steel construction and machine manufacture with 20 workers in Hille. The dtH Tiemann GmbH builds windows in Hille. ESKATE Rohrverbindungstechnik GmbH is located in Unterlübbe and specializes in flange and swage connections, as well as special bent products. Rhenus GmbH is a freight transport firm located at the harbour in Hille.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The printed media for Hille originates primarily from the city of Minden. This is the locale of the daily newspaper Mindener Tageblatt, which has a page dedicated to Hille. The radio station Westdeutscher Rundfunk is regarded as the state(Land) radio station. The WDR TV and radio studio in Bielefeld produces programs focused on East Westfalia (Ostwestfalen). Commercial competition is provided by Radio Westfalica from Minden, whose local viewpoint is being strengthened.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The voluntary fire fighting brigade for Hille consists of 9 independent pump groups, which are located in the 9 villages of the community.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: Hospital services are provided at the Kreis level. The closed hospitals are located in Minden, Lübbecke und Rahden. The newly constructed Johannes-Wesling-Klinikum opened in 2008.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The German Red Cross has the Deutsche Rote Kreuz Ortsverein Hille e.V. to provide non-police emergency services.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: For a long time, each of the villages had its own schools in which multiple age groups were taught together. Classes by yearly grade were introduced after the end of WWII and the accompanying population growth. The subsequent ongoing decline in the birth rate no longer allowed the continuation of the system and led to consolidation. Subsequently, each village no longer had its own schools, and school children were forced to use a school-bus.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: The establishment of the Community Hille created the desire to provide more advance schools; it was the previous norm that advanced scholars commuted to higher schools in Minden or Lübbecke. In the 1950 a combined school with high school like upper grades was created from the existing Hille school. In 2002 a high school division was permitted and the "Gesamt (overall) Schule Hille" was renamed "Verbundsschule Hille".

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: There is also school in community Hille for children that could benefit from reformed upbringing as well a school for the speech impaired; both serve all of Kreis Minden-Lübbecke.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Hille, Germany

Context: An extension of the Volkshochschule (public high school) Minden is located in the Hille community administration building in Hartum. Another public high school is located in the adjacent city of Espelkamp.

Question: 2018年のドイツ連邦共和国のヒレの人口は？


Chinese philosophy

Context: The debate over whether the "thought" of ancient Chinese masters should be called philosophy has been discussed since the introduction of this academic discipline into China. See Legitimacy of Chinese philosophy for details.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: Around 500 BCE, after the Zhou state weakened and China moved into the Spring and Autumn period, the classic period of Chinese philosophy began. This is known as the Hundred Schools of Thought (; "zhūzǐ bǎijiā"; "various scholars, hundred schools"). This period is considered the golden age of Chinese philosophy. Of the many schools founded at this time and during the subsequent Warring States period, the four most influential ones were Confucianism, Daoism (often spelled "Taoism"), Mohism and Legalism.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: Most of Taoism's focus is on the notion that human attempts to make the world better actually make the world worse. Therefore, it is better to strive for harmony, minimising potentially harmful interference with nature or in human affairs.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: The logicians (School of Names) were concerned with logic, paradoxes, names and actuality (similar to Confucian rectification of names). The logician Hui Shi was a friendly rival to Zhuangzi, arguing against Taoism in a light-hearted and humorous manner. Another logician, Gongsun Long, originated the famous When a White Horse is Not a Horse dialogue.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: Agriculturalism was an early agrarian social and political philosophy that advocated peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism. The philosophy is founded on the notion that human society originates with the development of agriculture, and societies are based upon "people's natural propensity to farm."

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: The short founder Qin dynasty, where Legalism was the official philosophy, quashed Mohist and Confucianist schools. Legalism remained influential during the early Han Dynasty under the Taoist-Realist ideology Huang-Lao until Emperor Wu of Han adopted Confucianism as official doctrine. Confucianism and Taoism became the determining forces of Chinese thought until the introduction of Buddhism.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: The 3rd and 4th centuries saw the rise of the "Xuanxue" (mysterious learning), also called "Neo-Taoism".

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: Buddhism is a religion, a practical philosophy, and arguably a psychology, focusing on the teachings of Gautama Buddha, who lived on the Indian subcontinent most likely from the mid-6th to the early 5th century BCE. When used in a generic sense, a Buddha is generally considered to be someone who discovers the true nature of reality.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: During the Qing dynasty many philosophers objected against Neo-Confucianism and there was a return to the Han Dynasty Confucianism, and also the reprise of the controversy between Old Text and New Text. In this period also started the penetration of Western culture, but most Chinese thought that the Westerners were maybe more advanced in technology and warfare, but that China had primacy in moral and intellectual fields.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: Neo-Confucianist philosophers like Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming are seen as the most important figures of Neo-Confucianism.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: During the Industrial and Modern Ages, Chinese philosophy had also begun to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. Chinese philosophy never developed the concept of human rights, so that classical Chinese lacked words for them. In 1864, W.A.P. Martin had to invent the word "quanli" () to translate the Western concept of "rights" in the process of translating Henry Wheaton's "Elements of International Law" into classical Chinese.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls such as the May Fourth Movement to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There have been attempts to incorporate democracy, republicanism, and industrialism into Chinese philosophy, notably by Sun Yat-Sen at the beginning of the 20th century. Mao Zedong added Marxism, Stalinism, Chinese Marxist Philosophy and other communist thought.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: When the Chinese Communist Party took over the reign, previous schools of thought, excepting notably Legalism, were denounced as backward, and later even purged during the Cultural Revolution, whereas their influences on Chinese thoughts remain until today. The current government of the People's Republic of China is trying to encourage a form of market socialism.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: New Confucianism is an intellectual movement of Confucianism that began in the early 20th century in Republican China, and revived in post-Mao era contemporary communist China. It is deeply influenced by, but not identical with, the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Chinese philosophy

Context: Although the individual philosophical schools differ considerably, they nevertheless share a common vocabulary and set of concerns.

Question: 陰陽五行思想の提唱者は誰？


Fort Eben-Emael

Context: A great deal of the fort's excavation work was carried out on the canal side, sheltered from view and a convenient location to load excavated spoil into barges to be taken away economically. The fort's elevation above the canal also allowed for efficient interior drainage, making Eben-Emael drier than many of its sister fortifications.

Question: エバン・エマール要塞を建てたのは誰？


Fort Eben-Emael

Context: Underground galleries extend over beneath the hill, connecting the combat blocks and serving the underground barracks, power plant, ammunition magazines and other spaces. Fresh air was obtained from intake vents over the canal.

Question: エバン・エマール要塞を建てたのは誰？


Fort Eben-Emael

Context: Except for some of the officers and NCOs, most of the men were conscripts. The majority of these were reservists and were called up after the Invasion of Poland in 1939. Infantry training was poor, since the men were considered to be purely artillerists.

Question: エバン・エマール要塞を建てたのは誰？


Fort Eben-Emael

Context: Fort Eben-Emael is now open to the public. While still military property, it is administered by the Association Fort Eben-Emael, which provides tours and activities.

Question: エバン・エマール要塞を建てたのは誰？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: The Sukhoi Su-9 (NATO reporting name: Fishpot) was a single-engine, all-weather, missile-armed interceptor aircraft developed by the Soviet Union.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: The Su-9 emerged from aerodynamic studies by TsAGI, the Soviet aerodynamic center, during the Korean War, which devised several optimum aerodynamic configurations for jet fighters. The design first flew in 1956 as the T-405 prototype. The Su-9 was developed at the same time as the Su-7 "Fitter", and both were first seen by the West at the Tushino Aviation Day on 24 June 1956, where the Su-9 was dubbed Fitter-B. It entered service in 1959.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: Total production of the Su-9 was about 1,100 aircraft. It is believed that at least some Su-9s were upgraded to Su-11 "Fishpot-C" form. None were exported to any of the USSR's client states nor to the Warsaw Pact nations. Remaining Su-9s and later Su-11s were retired during the 1970s. Some were retained as test vehicles or converted to remote-piloted vehicles for use as unmanned aerial vehicles. It was replaced by the upgraded Su-11 and the much-superior Su-15 "Flagon" and MiG-25 "Foxbat".

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: The combat record of the "Fishpot", if any, is unknown. It is possible that it was involved in the interception (or even shoot-down) of reconnaissance missions whose details remain classified, but nothing is publicly admitted.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: It was reported that a Su-9 was involved in the interception of Francis Gary Powers' U-2 on Soviet territory on 1 May 1960. A newly manufactured Su-9 which was in transit flight happened to be near Powers' U-2. The Su-9 was unarmed and was directed to ram the U-2. One ramming attempt was made and the Su-9 missed the U-2, primarily due to large difference in the speed of the two planes. No further ramming attempt was made due to Su-9's lack of fuel.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: Its pilot, Captain Igor Mentyukov later claimed that his slipstream had caused the U-2 to break apart. He discounts the official version that the U-2 was shot down by an SA-2 missile, saying that Captain Powers could not have survived such a hit.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: On September 4, 1959 a modified Su-9 (designated T-431 by the bureau) piloted by Vladimir Sergeievitch Ilyushin set a new world record for absolute height, at 28,852 m (94,658 ft). In November of the same year Ilyushin set several new sustained speed/altitude records in the same aircraft. This record was later broken on 6 December 1959 by Commander Lawrence E. Flint Jr., who performed a zoom climb to a world record of 98,557 ft (30,040 m) while piloting an F4H-1 Phantom.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: The Su-9's fuselage and tail surfaces resembled those of the Su-7, but unlike the swept wing of that aircraft, the "Fishpot" used a 53° delta wing with conventional slab tailplanes. It shared Sukhoi features like the rear-fuselage air brakes as well as the Su-7's Lyulka AL-7 turbojet engine and nose intake. The translating shock cone contains the radar set.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: The Su-9 was developed from earlier work on a developmental aircraft designated T-3, to which the Su-9 was very nearly identical. Internally at Sukhoi, the Su-9 was known as the T-43.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: The Su-9 had primitive R1L (NATO reporting name "High Fix") radar in the shock cone and was armed with four K-5 (AA-1 "Alkali") beam-riding air-to-air missiles. Like all beam-riders, the K-5 was so limited as to be nearly useless for air-to-air combat . Unlike the Su-7 and later Su-15, no Su-9 carried cannon armament, although two fuselage pylons were reserved for the carriage of drop tanks.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: A two-seat trainer version, designated Su-9U, was also produced in limited numbers (about 50 aircraft). It received the NATO reporting name "Maiden". It had a full armament and radar system with displays in both cockpits, allowing trainees to practice all aspects of the interception mission, but because the second seat further reduced the already meager fuel fraction, it was not truly combat-capable.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: The Su-9 has been frequently mistaken for the MiG-21 due to the many similarities in design. The primary distinguishing factors are size and the Su-9's bubble canopy.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


Sukhoi Su-9

Context: Training version, armed and equipped with all operational systems but not fully combat ready, about 50 built.

Question: ソ連のSu-9の大きさは？


The Shadows (album)

Context: All of the tracks were recorded in several sessions over an eight-month period (nine session-days), during which singles were also recorded, including "Kon-Tiki", "She Wears Red Feathers" (unissued), "The Frightened City", "Wonderful Land", "36-24-36", "March of the Shadows" (unissued), "Peace Pipe", "The Savage", "Blues From an Unfurnished Flat" (unissued), "Happy Birthday to You" (unissued except in an overdubbed form on "21 Today"), an LP by Cliff Richard.

Question: ザ・シャドウズ のデビュー曲は何


The Shadows (album)

Context: Only Shadoogie, Nivram, All My Sorrows and Sleepwalk were used "live on stage" to promote this album in 1961-2. Nivram has been used as 1st choice Shadows bass solo for live concerts from 1962 right through to 2010. The track Gonzales was played live on a radio performance (late 1960) but never on stage until belatedly included on the final tour live set in 2004.

Question: ザ・シャドウズ のデビュー曲は何


Landlocked country

Context: A landlocked country is a country that does not have territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie on endorheic basins. There are currently 44 landlocked countries and 5 partially recognized landlocked states. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: In 1990, there were only 30 landlocked countries in the world. The dissolutions of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia; the breakup of Yugoslavia; the independence referendums of South Ossetia, Eritrea, Montenegro, South Sudan, and the Luhansk People's Republic; and the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo created 15 new landlocked countries and 5 partially recognized landlocked states while the former landlocked country of Czechoslovakia ceased to exist on 1 January 1993.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: Generally, being landlocked creates some political and economic handicaps that having access to international waters would avoid. For this reason, nations large and small throughout history have sought to gain access to open waters, even at great expense in wealth, bloodshed, and political capital.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: Landlocked developing countries have significantly higher costs of international cargo transportation compared to coastal developing countries (in Asia the ratio is 3:1).

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: Before air travel grew important, passenger travel also got obstacles, needing to pass border controls to reach international passenger boats, maybe with visa requirements.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: Losing access to the sea is generally a great loss to a nation, politically, militarily, and economically. The following are examples of countries becoming landlocked.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea now gives a landlocked country a right of access to and from the sea without taxation of traffic through transit states. The United Nations has a programme of action to assist landlocked developing countries, and the current responsible Undersecretary-General is Anwarul Karim Chowdhury.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: Several countries have coastlines on landlocked bodies of water, such as the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea. Since these seas are in effect lakes without access to wider seaborne trade, countries such as Kazakhstan are still considered landlocked. Although the Caspian Sea is connected to the Black Sea via the man-made Volga–Don Canal, large oceangoing ships are unable to traverse it.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: Landlocked countries may be bordered by a single country having direct access to the high seas, two or more such countries, or be surrounded by other landlocked countries, making a country doubly landlocked.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: Seven landlocked countries are surrounded by only two mutually bordering neighbours (semi-enclaved countries):

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: To this group could be added three landlocked territories, two of them are "de facto" states with no or limited international recognition:

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: A country is "doubly landlocked" or "double-landlocked" when it is surrounded only by landlocked countries (requiring the crossing of at least two national borders to reach a coastline). There are two such countries:

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: To this group could be added one doubly landlocked territory that is a "de facto" state with no or limited international recognition:

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Württemberg became a doubly landlocked state, bordering only Bavaria, Baden, and Switzerland. There were no doubly landlocked countries from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the end of World War I. Liechtenstein bordered the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which had an Adriatic coastline, and Uzbekistan was then part of the Russian Empire, which had both ocean and sea access.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: With the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and creation of an independent, landlocked Austria, Liechtenstein became the sole doubly landlocked country until 1938. In the Anschluss that year, Austria was absorbed into Nazi Germany, which possessed a border on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. After World War II, Austria regained its independence and Liechtenstein once again became doubly landlocked.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: Uzbekistan, which had been part of the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union, gained its independence with the dissolution of the latter in 1991 and became the second doubly landlocked country.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: However, Uzbekistan's doubly landlocked status depends on the Caspian Sea's status dispute: some countries, especially Iran and Turkmenistan, claim that the Caspian Sea should be considered as a real sea (mainly because this way they would have larger oil and gas fields), which would make Uzbekistan only a simple landlocked country since its neighbours Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan have access to the Caspian Sea.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: There are the following 14 "single" landlocked countries (each of them borders no other landlocked country):

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Landlocked country

Context: All landlocked countries besides Bolivia and Paraguay are located in Afro-Eurasia. Though some island countries share at least one land border with another country, none of them are landlocked.

Question: 海がない国の主な交易手段はなんですか？


Ottoman Empire

Context: The word "Ottoman" is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was the Turkish form of the Arabic name "ʿUthmān" (). In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as (), literally "The Supreme Ottoman State", or alternatively (). In Modern Turkish, it is known as ("The Ottoman Empire") or ("The Ottoman State").

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ没落した？


Ottoman Empire

Context: In Western Europe, the names Ottoman Empire, Turkish Empire and Turkey were often used interchangeably, with Turkey being increasingly favoured both in formal and informal situations. This dichotomy was officially ended in 1920–1923, when the newly established Ankara-based Turkish government chose Turkey as the sole official name. At present, most scholarly historians avoid the terms "Turkey", "Turks", and "Turkish" when referring to the Ottomans, due to the empire's multinational character.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ没落した？


Ottoman Empire

Context: In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Ottoman Empire entered a period of expansion. The Empire prospered under the rule of a line of committed and effective Sultans. It also flourished economically due to its control of the major overland trade routes between Europe and Asia.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ没落した？


Ottoman Empire

Context: Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) dramatically expanded the Empire's eastern and southern frontiers by defeating Shah Ismail of Safavid Iran, in the Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I established Ottoman rule in Egypt by defeating and annexing the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and created a naval presence on the Red Sea. After this Ottoman expansion, competition began between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire to become the dominant power in the region.

Question: オスマン帝国はなぜ没落した？