Hubble Space Telescope

Context: The Hubble Space Telescope celebrated its 20th anniversary in space on 24 April 2010. To commemorate the occasion, NASA, ESA, and the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) released an image from the Carina Nebula.

Question: 허블 망원경이 지구 궤도로 발사된 때는 언제인가요?


Hubble Space Telescope

Context: To commemorate Hubble's 25th anniversary in space on 24 April 2015, STScI released images of the Westerlund 2 cluster, located about away in the constellation Carina, through its Hubble 25 website. The European Space Agency created a dedicated 25th anniversary page on its website. In April 2016, a special celebratory image of the Bubble Nebula was released for Hubble's 26th "birthday".

Question: 허블 망원경이 지구 궤도로 발사된 때는 언제인가요?


Hubble Space Telescope

Context: Past servicing missions have exchanged old instruments for new ones, avoiding failure and making new types of science possible. Without servicing missions, all the instruments will eventually fail. In August 2004, the power system of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) failed, rendering the instrument inoperable. The electronics had originally been fully redundant, but the first set of electronics failed in May 2001. This power supply was fixed during Servicing Mission4 in May 2009.

Question: 허블 망원경이 지구 궤도로 발사된 때는 언제인가요?


Hubble Space Telescope

Context: A complementary telescope, looking at even longer wavelengths than Hubble or JWST, was the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory, launched on 14 May 2009. Like JWST, Herschel was not designed to be serviced after launch, and had a mirror substantially larger than Hubble's, but observed only in the far infrared and submillimeter. It needed helium coolant, of which it ran out on 29 April 2013.

Question: 허블 망원경이 지구 궤도로 발사된 때는 언제인가요?


List of largest insects

Context: Representatives of the extinct dragonfly-like order Meganisoptera (also known as griffinflies) such as the Carboniferous "Meganeura monyi" and the Permian "Meganeuropsis permiana" are the largest insect species ever known. These creatures had a wingspan of some . Their maximum body mass is uncertain, with estimates varying between 34 g and 240 g.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest living species of odonate (the order that includes dragonflies and damselflies) is "Megaloprepus caerulatus", attaining a size of as much as 19 centimeters (7.5 inches) long, "Tetracanthagyna plagiata" of Southeast Asia is bulkier and heavier than "Megaloprepus" at up to across the wings and a body length of over .

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest mayflies are members of the genus "Proboscidoplocia" from Madagascar. These insects can reach a length of .

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: "Arachnacris" katydids and "Tropidacris" grasshoppers reach up to in length and in wingspan, making them the largest by these measurements. The largest "Saga" and "Pseudophyllus" bush crickets are only a few centimeters smaller.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest of the earwigs is the Saint Helena earwig ("Labidura herculeana"), which is up to in length. There are no recent records of this species and it is generally considered extinct. The largest certainly living species is the Australian giant earwig ("Titanolabis colossea"), which is about long.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest scorpionfly, the common scorpionfly ("Panorpa communis"), can reach a body length of about .

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: This relatively small insect order includes some rather large species, many of which are noticeable for their elongated, imposing mandibles. The dobsonflies reach the greatest sizes of the order and can range up to in length.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest cockroach in length and wingspan is the South and Central American "Megaloblatta", at up to and , respectively. Another contender for longest is "Blaberus giganteus", which is found in the same general region and may reach a length of up to , depending on source. The heaviest is the Australian giant burrowing cockroach ("Macropanesthia rhinoceros"), which can attain a length of and a weight of .

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest of the termites is the African species "Macrotermes bellicosus". The queen of this species can attain a length of and breadth of ; other adults, however, are about a third of this size.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: Megaloptera includes dobsonflies, alderflies and relatives. The largest is the dobsonfly "Acanthacorydalis fruhstorferi", which can have a wingspan of up to , making it the largest aquatic insect in the world by this measurement. This species is native to China and Vietnam, and its body can be up to long.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: These flying insects reach their largest size in "Palparellus voeltzkowi", which can have a wingspan over . The largest lacewing is the australian "blue eyes lacewing" ("Nymphes myrmeleonides"), which can measure up to in length and span across the wings. Some forms of this ancient order could grow extremely large during the Jurassic Era and may have ranked among the largest insects ever.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: These parasitic insects are typically modest in size. The largest known species is the hog louse, "Haematopinus suis", a sucking louse that lives on large livestock like pigs and cattle. It can range up to in length.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest species of stonefly is "Pteronarcys californica" of western North America, a species favored by fishermen as lures. This species can attain a length of and a wingspan of over .

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest of ants, and the heaviest species of the family, are the females of "Dorylus helvolus", reaching a length of . The ant that averages the largest for the mean size of the whole colony is "Dinoponera gigantea", averaging up to . Another ant that is native to Australia, "Myrmecia brevinoda", workers are reported to be on average and queens are more than in length.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest of bees is "Megachile pluto", the females of which can be long, with a 6.3-cm (2.5-in) wingspan.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest wasp is probably the so-called tarantula hawk species "Pepsis pulszkyi", measuring up to in length and in wingspan, although many other "Pepsis" species approach a similar size. The giant scoliid wasp "Megascolia procer" may rival the tarantula hawks in weight, if not length and wingspan. The largest known social wasps are queens of the Asian giant hornet ("Vespa mandarinia"), which can reach a body length exceeding 5 cm long with a wingspan.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest species of this huge order is "Gauromydas heros", which can reach a length of and a wingspan of . The largest species of crane fly (which are much thinner than "Gauromydas") is "Holorusia brobdignagius". It can attain about the same head-and-body length and wingspan, but if the legs are extended in front of and behind the body, then an overall length of makes it the longest true fly.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest of this order of very small insects is the barklouse of the genus "Psocus", the top size of which is about .

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest species of flea is "Hystrichopsylla schefferi". This parasite, known exclusively from the fur of the mountain beaver, can reach a length of .

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: Members of the genus "Phasmothrips" are the largest thrips. The maximum size of these species is about .

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest of the small, moth-like caddisflies is "Eubasilissa maclachlani". This species can range up to across the wings.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: These insects, known to feed on human household objects, are up to in length. One 350 million-year-old form grew up to long.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


List of largest insects

Context: The largest angel insect species, Hubbard's angel insect ("Zorotypus hubbardi"), grows up to in length.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 곤충은 무엇인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: Hanzel und Gretyl formed in early 1993. In April 1994, they completed a demo entitled "Kindermusik". Of the 200 cassette tapes manufactured, most were sent to record labels and fanzines and some were sold on consignment at a local music store called Bleeker Bob's.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: Performing only several local shows on Manhattan's lower east side, they were recruited to provide support on two US tours in 1995 and 1996 with Marilyn Manson.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: In 1999, Hanzel und Gretyl completed a full-length CD entitled "Oz Faktor" that is currently unreleased by Energy Records. The CD depicts a displaced Hanzel und Gretyl lost in a quasi-"Wizard of Oz" type setting.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: After a long hiatus due to the dissolving of their label, Energy Records, the band signed to Metropolis Records in 2002 and immediately began recording for their long anticipated third album, "Über alles". Described by Kaizer von Loopy as a "futuristic Wagnerian rock opera" and released in 2003, it marked a distinct stylistic change for the band favoring heavy guitar riffs and Germanic themes over the more genre expanding electro-metal style for which they had become known in the 1990s.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: The album was immediately hailed as required listening for fans of industrial metal alongside Nine Inch Nails, KMFDM and Ministry by Revolver Magazine.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: The band continued to grow harder and heavier touring the states in support of My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult and Ministry for a three-month stint on their "Evil Doer Tour" throughout the US and Canada.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: Hanzel und Gretyl co-headlined, along with Slick Idiot, the first Gothicfest at the Odeum Expo Center in Illinois.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: In 2006, the band toured North America for the release of their four-song EP "Oktotenfest 2006" with label mates Bella Morte as direct support. Also in 2006, they provided direct support on Cradle of Filth's UK tour.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: February 2007 saw the release of "". Drawing more and more from death metal and black metal sentiments, "2012" is HuG's heaviest offering thus far leading to HuG's first-ever headlining shows overseas beginning in Moscow, Russia in September 2008.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: On August 8, 2010, with the number 87 as the numerical representation of the band and the words "More German Than German" found on their backdrop and T-shirts Hanzel und Gretyl performed to a capacity crowd on the main stage at M'era Luna Festival in Hildesheim, Germany.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: "Born to Be Heiled", Hanzel und Gretyl's sixth full-length CD release on November 27, 2012 was launched as a debut release for the newly formed Metropolis Metal Records, a subdivision of Metropolis Records that focusses on their more metal based electronic and industrial bands.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: Beginning in June 2012, Hanzel und Gretyl followed up the completion of "Born to Be Heiled" with multiple extensive headlining tours including Australia, New Zealand, US, Canada, Russia, and Europe.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: "Hanzel und Gretyl für immer", an album composed entirely of remixes of their previous CD, "Born to Be Heiled", was completed by Kaizer von Loopy in July 2013 and slated for worldwide release by Metropolis Records on October 8, 2013.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: October 2014 saw the release of HuG's 7th album, Black Forest Metal and the beginning of a new era for the band. Perhaps their darkest and most metal sounding release to date, BFM employs satanic themes cross-referenced with forest motifs from the original Brothers Grimm fairy tale. U.S. and European tours followed the release.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: 2015 found Hanzel und Gretyl playing select dates in the US and returning in October to Europe, UK, Russia and also Greece for the first time in the band's history.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: September 25, 2015, Hanzel und Gretyl appears in the DVD / Blu-ray release "Rammstein in Amerika", being interviewed amongst the likes of artists Steven Tyler, Kiss, Marilyn Manson, Iggy Pop, Korn, Slash and others discussing Rammstein's first shows in America with Hanzel und Gretyl in 1997 and 1998 and eventual ascent which led to Rammstein's sold out show at Madison Square Garden on December 11, 2010.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Hanzel und Gretyl

Context: On July 26, 2017, Loopy released the solo album "Reichstar" under the name 'KyzrWölf', also stating a new HuG album coming in 2018. On February 24, 2018, a new album titled "Satanik Germanik" was available for pre-order, with another album titled "Hexennacht" being released in 2019.

Question: 루피의 고향은 어디인가?


Duce

Context: The title was used outside its traditional noble sense in some of the publications praising Garibaldi during the Italian unification in 1860, though not taken up officially by Garibaldi himself.

Question: 두체의 의미는 무엇인가?


Duce

Context: Mussolini intended that the Grand Council of Fascism would choose a successor from a list of three men chosen by him, and submit the name for approval by the king. As of 1940 he may have been preparing his son-in-law Galeazzo Ciano for the role.

Question: 두체의 의미는 무엇인가?


Russia at the FIFA World Cup

Context: This was the first time the two countries have played each other in the FIFA World Cup, though they did play a friendly in 2013, which Russia won 2-1. The match ended in a 1-1 draw, with both goals being in the second half.

Question: 2019년까지 러시아는 몇 번의 월드컵에 진출했는가?


Russia at the FIFA World Cup

Context: Russia's record World Cup player is Dynamo Moscow legend Lev Yashin. The 1958 FIFA World Cup in particular, which was the first one to be widely broadcast on television, had a major part in introducing Yashin's active and demanding goalkeeping style to the world at large. FIFA have established him as the best goalkeeper of the 20th century by repeatedly naming him in all-star teams like the FIFA World Cup Dream Team in 2002.

Question: 2019년까지 러시아는 몇 번의 월드컵에 진출했는가?


Russia at the FIFA World Cup

Context: Russia's top goalscorers at the FIFA World Cup, Valentin Ivanov and Oleg Salenko, have won a Golden Boot award each. Salenko is the only player who has ever scored five goals in a single World Cup match, and the only player to win the Golden Boot even though his team has been eliminated in the Group stage.

Question: 2019년까지 러시아는 몇 번의 월드컵에 진출했는가?


Boston

Context: In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school, Boston Latin School, was founded in Boston in 1635.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston was the largest town in the Thirteen Colonies until Philadelphia outgrew it in the mid-18th century. Boston's oceanfront location made it a lively port, and the city primarily engaged in shipping and fishing during its colonial days. However, Boston stagnated in the decades prior to the Revolution. By the mid-18th century, New York City and Philadelphia surpassed Boston in wealth. During this period, Boston encountered financial difficulties even as other cities in New England grew rapidly.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: During this period, Boston flourished culturally, as well, admired for its rarefied literary life and generous artistic patronage, with members of old Boston families—eventually dubbed "Boston Brahmins"—coming to be regarded as the nation's social and cultural elites. They are often associated with the American upper class, Harvard University; and the Episcopal Church.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston was an early port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies, but was soon overtaken by Salem, Massachusetts and Newport, Rhode Island. Boston eventually became a center of the abolitionist movement. The city reacted strongly to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, contributing to President Franklin Pierce's attempt to make an example of Boston after the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: In 1822, the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from the "Town of Boston" to the "City of Boston", and on March 19, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the city. At the time Boston was chartered as a city, the population was about 46,226, while the area of the city was only.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Many architecturally significant buildings were built during these early years of the 20th century: Horticultural Hall, the Tennis and Racquet Club, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Fenway Studios, Jordan Hall, and the Boston Opera House.  The Longfellow Bridge, built in 1906, was mentioned by Robert McCloskey in "Make Way for Ducklings", describing its "salt and pepper shakers" feature.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Logan International Airport opened on September 8, 1923. The Boston Bruins were founded in 1924 and played their first game at Boston Garden in November 1928.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston went into decline by the early to mid-20th century, as factories became old and obsolete and businesses moved out of the region for cheaper labor elsewhere. Boston responded by initiating various urban renewal projects, under the direction of the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) established in 1957. In 1958, BRA initiated a project to improve the historic West End neighborhood. Extensive demolition was met with strong public opposition, and thousands of families were displaced.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both merged into the New York City–based Macy's.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The 1993 acquisition of "The Boston Globe" by "The New York Times" was reversed in 2013 when it was re-sold to Boston businessman John W. Henry. In 2016, it was announced General Electric would be moving its corporate headquarters from Connecticut to the Seaport District in Boston, joining many other companies in this rapidly developing neighborhood.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: On April 15, 2013, two Chechen Islamist brothers detonated a pair of bombs near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring roughly 264.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: In 2016, Boston briefly shouldered a bid as the US applicant for the 2024 Summer Olympics. The bid was supported by the mayor and a coalition of business leaders and local philanthropists, but was eventually dropped due to public opposition. The USOC then selected Los Angeles to be the American candidate with Los Angeles ultimately securing the right to host the 2028 Summer Olympics.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston has an area of — (54%) of land and (46%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Boston is situated on Boston Harbor, an arm of Massachusetts Bay, itself an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Downtown and its immediate surroundings consist largely of low-rise masonry buildings (often Federal style and Greek Revival) interspersed with modern highrises, in the Financial District, Government Center, and South Boston. Back Bay includes many prominent landmarks, such as the Boston Public Library, Christian Science Center, Copley Square, Newbury Street, and New England's two tallest buildings: the John Hancock Tower and the Prudential Center.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Fog is fairly common, particularly in spring and early summer. Due to its location along the North Atlantic, the city often receives sea breezes, especially in the late spring, when water temperatures are still quite cold and temperatures at the coast can be more than colder than a few miles inland, sometimes dropping by that amount near midday.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Thunderstorms occur from May to September, which are occasionally severe with large hail, damaging winds, and heavy downpours. Although downtown Boston has never been struck by a violent tornado, the city itself has experienced many tornado warnings. Damaging storms are more common to areas north, west, and northwest of the city.Boston has a relatively sunny climate for a coastal city at its latitude, averaging over 2,600 hours of sunshine per annum.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at over 15%.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: According to the 2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, the largest ancestry groups in Boston, Massachusetts are:

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 25% attending a variety of Protestant churches and 29% professing Roman Catholic beliefs; 33% claim no religious affiliation, while the remaining 10% are composed of adherents of Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Baháʼí and other faiths.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: , the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Greater Boston area, with more than two million members and 339 churches, followed by the Episcopal Church with 58,000 adherents in 160 churches. The United Church of Christ had 55,000 members and 213 churches.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The city has a Jewish population of an estimated 248,000 Jews within the Boston metro area. More than half of Jewish households in the Greater Boston area reside in the city itself, Brookline, Newton, Cambridge, Somerville, or adjacent towns.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The city is considered highly innovative for a variety of reasons, including the presence of academia, access to venture capital, and the presence of many high-tech companies. The Route 128 corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment, and high technology remains an important sector.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: In 2019, a yearly ranking of time wasted in traffic listed Boston area drivers lost approximately 164 hours a year in lost productivity due to the area's traffic congestion. This amounted to $2,300 a year per driver in costs.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) originated in Boston and was long known as "Boston Tech"; it moved across the river to Cambridge in 1916. Tufts University's main campus is north of the city in Somerville and Medford, though it locates its medical and dental schools in Boston's Chinatown at Tufts Medical Center, a 451-bed academic medical institution that is home to a full-service hospital for adults and the Floating Hospital for Children.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Hospitals, universities, and research institutions in Greater Boston received more than $1.77  billion in National Institutes of Health grants in 2013, more money than any other American metropolitan area. This high density of research institutes also contributes to Boston's high density of early career researchers, which, due to high housing costs in the region, have been shown to face housing stress.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Smaller private colleges include Babson College, Bentley University, Boston Architectural College, Emmanuel College, Fisher College, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Simmons University, Wellesley College, Wheelock College, Wentworth Institute of Technology, New England School of Law (originally established as America's first all female law school), and Emerson College.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston included $414 million in spending on the Boston Police Department in the fiscal 2021 budget. This is the second largest allocation of funding by the city after the allocation to Boston Public Schools.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: In 2008, there were 62 reported homicides. Through December 30, 2016, major crime was down seven percent and there were 46 homicides compared to 40 in 2015.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston shares many cultural roots with greater New England, including a dialect of the non-rhotic Eastern New England accent known as the Boston accent and a regional cuisine with a large emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy products. Boston also has its own collection of neologisms known as "Boston slang" and sardonic humor.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Several historic sites relating to the American Revolution period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park because of the city's prominent role. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line of bricks embedded in the ground.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Air quality in Boston is generally very good. Between 2004 and 2013, there were only four days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public, according to the EPA.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Mayor Thomas Menino introduced the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive which reduces the cost of living in buildings that are deemed energy efficient. This gives people an opportunity to find housing in neighborhoods that support the environment. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to enlist 500 Bostonians to participate in a free, in-home energy assessment.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Many older buildings in certain areas of Boston are supported by wooden piles driven into the area's fill; these piles remain sound if submerged in water, but are subject to dry rot if exposed to air for long periods.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The area's many colleges and universities are active in college athletics. Four NCAA Division I members play in the area—Boston College, Boston University, Harvard University, and Northeastern University. Of the four, only Boston College participates in college football at the highest level, the Football Bowl Subdivision. Harvard participates in the second-highest level, the Football Championship Subdivision. The Boston Cannons of the MLL play at Harvard Stadium.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston has Esports teams as well, such as the Overwatch League's Boston Uprising. Established in 2017, they were the first team to complete a perfect stage with 0 losses. The Boston Breach is another esports team in the Call of Duty League (CDL).

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: One of the best known sporting events in the city is the Boston Marathon, the race which is the world's oldest annual marathon, run on Patriots' Day in April. On April 15, 2013, two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston has a strong mayor–council government system in which the mayor (elected every fourth year) has extensive executive power. Michelle Wu, a city councilor, became mayor in November 2021, succeeding Kim Janey, a former City Council President, who became the Acting Mayor in March 2021 following Marty Walsh's confirmation to the position of Secretary of Labor in the Biden/Harris Administration. Walsh's predecessor Thomas Menino's twenty-year tenure was the longest in the city's history.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The Boston City Council is elected every two years; there are nine district seats, and four citywide "at-large" seats. The School Committee, which oversees the Boston Public Schools, is appointed by the mayor.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: In addition to city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Boston Public Health Commission, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)—play a role in the life of Bostonians. As the capital of Massachusetts, Boston plays a major role in state politics.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The city has several federal facilities, including the John F. Kennedy Federal Office Building, the Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. Federal Building, the John W. McCormack Post Office and Courthouse, the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, and the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. Both courts are housed in the John Joseph Moakley United States Courthouse.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The city uses an algorithm created by the Walsh administration, called CityScore, to measure the effectiveness of various city services. This score is available on a public online dashboard and allows city managers in police, fire, schools, emergency management services, and 3-1-1 to take action and make adjustments in areas of concern.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston has an ordinance, enacted in 2014, that bars the Boston Police Department "from detaining anyone based on their immigration status unless they have a criminal warrant".

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The Bay State Banner is an independent newspaper primarily geared toward the readership interests of the African-American community in Boston, Massachusetts. The Bay State Banner was founded in 1965 by Melvin B. Miller who remains the chief editor and publisher. In 2015, the publication celebrated its 50th anniversary serving the region's minority-oriented neighborhoods.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The city's growing Latino population has given rise to a number of local and regional Spanish-language newspapers. These include "El Planeta" (owned by the former publisher of "The Boston Phoenix"), "El Mundo", and "La Semana". "Siglo21", with its main offices in nearby Lawrence, is also widely distributed.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: There are a number of weekly newspapers dedicated to Boston neighborhoods. Among them is South Boston Online, founded in 1999, which appears in print and online, and covers events in South Boston and the Seaport District.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Various LGBT publications serve the city's large LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) population such as "The Rainbow Times", the only minority and lesbian-owned LGBT news magazine. Founded in 2006, "The Rainbow Times" is now based out of Boston, but serves all of New England.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Films have been made in Boston since as early as 1903, and it continues to be both a popular setting and a popular filming location. Notable movies like "The Fighter" and "The Town" were filmed in Boston.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Video games have used Boston as a backdrop and setting, such as Assassin's Creed III published in 2012 and Fallout 4 in 2015. Some characters from video games are from Boston, such as the Scout from Team Fortress 2. The gaming convention PAX East is held in Boston, which many gaming companies like Microsoft, Ubisoft, and Wizards of the Coast have previously attended.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: The Longwood Medical and Academic Area, adjacent to the Fenway district, is home to a large number of medical and research facilities, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Joslin Diabetes Center, and the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: In 2013, the Boston-Cambridge-Newton metropolitan statistical area (Boston MSA) had the seventh-lowest percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (75.6 percent), with 6.2 percent of area workers traveling via rail transit. During the period starting in 2006 and ending in 2013, the Boston MSA had the greatest percentage decline of workers commuting by automobile (3.3 percent) among MSAs with more than a half-million residents.

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Boston

Context: Boston has formal partnership relationships through a Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) with five additional cities or regions:

Question: 보스턴은 얼마나 면적이 큰가요?


Lina Medina

Context: Lina Medina was born in 1933 in Ticrapo, Castrovirreyna Province, Peru, to parents Tiburelo Medina, a silversmith, and Victoria Losea. She was one of nine children.

Question: 2018년 가장 어린 나이에 출산한 사람은 누구인가?


Lina Medina

Context: Her parents took her to a hospital in Pisco at age five due to increasing abdominal size. Doctors originally thought she had a tumor but then determined that she was in her seventh month of pregnancy. Dr Gerardo Lozada had specialists in Lima confirm the pregnancy.

Question: 2018년 가장 어린 나이에 출산한 사람은 누구인가?


Lina Medina

Context: Medina's son weighed at birth and was named Gerardo after her doctor. He was raised believing Medina to be his sister before finding out at age 10 that she was his mother.

Question: 2018년 가장 어린 나이에 출산한 사람은 누구인가?


Lina Medina

Context: Medina has never revealed the identity of the father nor the circumstances of her impregnation. Escomel suggests that she might not know herself, as she "couldn't give precise responses". Lina's father was arrested on suspicion of child sexual abuse but released due to lack of evidence. Her son grew up healthy. He died in 1979 at the age of 40 from bone marrow disease.

Question: 2018년 가장 어린 나이에 출산한 사람은 누구인가?


Lina Medina

Context: In young adulthood, Medina worked as a secretary in the Lima clinic of Lozada, which gave her an education and helped put her son through high school. She married and had a second son in 1972. In 2002, she refused an interview with Reuters, just as she had turned away many reporters in years past.

Question: 2018년 가장 어린 나이에 출산한 사람은 누구인가?


Lina Medina

Context: Although it was speculated that the case was a hoax, a number of doctors over the years have verified it based on biopsies, X rays of the fetal skeleton "in utero", and photographs taken by the doctors caring for her.

Question: 2018년 가장 어린 나이에 출산한 사람은 누구인가?


Lina Medina

Context: There are two published photographs documenting the case. The first was taken around the beginning of April 1939, when Medina was seven and a half months into pregnancy. Taken from her left side, it shows her standing naked in front of a neutral backdrop. It is the only published photograph taken during her pregnancy.

Question: 2018년 가장 어린 나이에 출산한 사람은 누구인가?


Lina Medina

Context: In 1955, except for the effects of precocious puberty, there was no explanation of how a girl less than five years old could conceive a child. Hers is a rare, well-documented case of extreme precocious pregnancy in a child under six.

Question: 2018년 가장 어린 나이에 출산한 사람은 누구인가?


Pleiades

Context: The Pleiades (), also known as The Seven Sisters, Messier 45 and other names by different cultures, is an asterism and an open star cluster containing middle-aged, hot B-type stars in the north-west of the constellation Taurus. At a distance of about 444 light years, it is among the nearest star clusters to Earth. It is the nearest Messier object to Earth, and is the most obvious cluster to the naked eye in the night sky.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: The cluster is dominated by hot blue luminous stars that have formed within the last 100 million years. Reflection nebulae around the brightest stars were once thought to be left over material from their formation, but are now considered likely to be an unrelated dust cloud in the interstellar medium through which the stars are currently passing. This dust cloud is estimated to be moving at a speed of approximately 18 km/s relative to the stars in the cluster.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: Together with the open star cluster of the Hyades, the Pleiades form the Golden Gate of the Ecliptic.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: In Japan, the cluster is mentioned under the name Mutsuraboshi ("six stars") in the 8th-century "Kojiki". The cluster is now known in Japan as Subaru.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: It was chosen as the name of the Subaru Telescope which is the flagship telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. It is located at the Mauna Kea Observatory on the island of Hawaii. It had the largest monolithic primary mirror in the world from its commissioning in 1998 until 2005.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: It was chosen as the brand name of Subaru automobiles to reflect the origins of the firm as the joining of five companies, and is depicted in the firm's six-star logo.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: Galileo Galilei was the first astronomer to view the Pleiades through a telescope. He thereby discovered that the cluster contains many stars too dim to be seen with the naked eye. He published his observations, including a sketch of the Pleiades showing 36 stars, in his treatise "Sidereus Nuncius" in March 1610.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: Edme-Sébastien Jeaurat then drew in 1782 a map of 64 stars of the Pleiades from his observations in 1779, which he published in 1786.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: More recent results using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) (August 2014) and preliminary solutions using Gaia Data Release 1 (September 2016) and Gaia Data Release 2 (August 2018), determine distances of 136.2 ± 1.2 pc, 134 ± 6 pc and 136.2 ± 5.0 pc, respectively. The Gaia Data Release 1 team was cautious about their result and the VLBI authors assert "that the "Hipparcos"-measured distance to the Pleiades cluster is in error".

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: For another distance debate see Polaris#Distance, also with a different measurement from "Hipparcos", although this time it suggested a greater distance.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: With larger amateur telescopes, the nebulosity around some of the stars can be easily seen; especially when long-exposure photographs are taken. Under ideal observing conditions, some hint of nebulosity around the cluster may even be seen with small telescopes or average binoculars. It is a reflection nebula, caused by dust reflecting the blue light of the hot, young stars.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: It was formerly thought that the dust was left over from the formation of the cluster, but at the age of about 100 million years generally accepted for the cluster, almost all the dust originally present would have been dispersed by radiation pressure. Instead, it seems that the cluster is simply passing through a particularly dusty region of the interstellar medium.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: Studies show that the dust responsible for the nebulosity is not uniformly distributed, but is concentrated mainly in two layers along the line of sight to the cluster. These layers may have been formed by deceleration due to radiation pressure as the dust has moved towards the stars.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Pleiades

Context: Analyzing deep-infrared images obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope and Gemini North telescope, astronomers discovered that one of the cluster's stars, HD 23514, which has a mass and luminosity a bit greater than that of the Sun, is surrounded by an extraordinary number of hot dust particles. This could be evidence for planet formation around HD 23514.

Question: 별자리 중 가장 많은 별로 이루어진 별자리는 무엇인가?


Taobao

Context: Taobao () is a Chinese online shopping platform. It is headquartered in Hangzhou and is owned by Alibaba. According to Alexa rank, it is the eighth most-visited website globally in 2021. Taobao.com was registered on April 21, 2003 by Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Taobao Marketplace facilitates consumer-to-consumer (C2C) retail by providing a platform for small businesses and individual entrepreneurs to open online stores that mainly cater to consumers in Chinese-speaking regions (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) and abroad, which is made payable by online accounts. Its stores usually offer an express delivery service.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Sellers are able to post goods for sale either through a fixed price or an auction. Auctions make up a small percentage of transactions, whereas the majority of the products are new merchandise sold at fixed prices. Buyers can assess seller backgrounds on the site, using ratings, comments, and complaints. Taobao's popular payment platform is Alibaba's Alipay

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: With over 1 billion product listings as of 2016, the combined transaction volume of Taobao Marketplace and Tmall.com reached 3 trillion yuan in 2017.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In April 2008, Taobao introduced a newly dedicated B2C platform called Taobao Mall to complement its C2C marketplace. Taobao Mall established itself as the destination for quality brand-name goods for Chinese consumers. Taobao Mall launched an independent web domain, Tmall.com, and enhanced its focus on product verticals and improvements in the shopping experience in November 2010. It became an independent business in June 2011 and changed its Chinese name to Tian Mao (Tmall) in January 2012.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In 2008, Taobao fueled the overall growth of the Chinese online shopping industry through the execution of its “Big Taobao” strategy with the aim of becoming a provider of e-commerce infrastructure services for all e-commerce market participants.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: On 29 April 2013, Alibaba announced an investment of US$586 million in Sina Weibo. According to Reuters, the deal “should drive more web traffic to Alibaba's Taobao Marketplace”. On August 1, 2013, Alibaba launched Weibo for Taobao, which allows users to link Sina Weibo accounts with Taobao accounts.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: A good way to investigate a Taobao shop is by clicking the shop's rating icon. For Tmall.com shops, people click the stars to view their ratings. Taobao users usually read feedback and compare items from multiple shops. Feedback can be genuine or artificial, requiring users to make their own judgments. Feedback can be posted by competitors.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Every trade deal includes a section of customer feedback. Shop owners often put effort to maximize positive comments. Negotiations may happen between sellers and consumers over their satisfaction ratings.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Taobao uses search tools and other functions to understand user demands. Customers are asked to complete surveys that ask:

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Taobao Marketplace offers various features and services to create a better user experience for online shoppers and retailers. In January 2010, it launched the Taobao app, created by independent developers through the Taobao Open Platform, to be downloaded by consumers in Taobao App Store.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In March 2010, it introduced the Taobao Data Cube platform, which gives small businesses access to its aggregate consumer transactions data for insight into industry trends.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In June 2010, it partnered with Wasu Media Internet Limited to launch Taohua, a digital entertainment products platform, and interactive digital television shopping, that are operated by a joint-venture formed by the two companies.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Weitao is a private shopping assistant/blog for Taobao/Tmall customers. It is a micro-blogging feature for brands and merchants on its e-commerce sites Taobao and Tmall.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Alipay systems are separate for different groups of users. For instance, Alipay users may send and receive funds if they have an account that have a credit card issued in China, whereas users with other cards may only use Alipay to pay for goods or services from Taobao. This has proven problematic for international users, as they are unable to receive refunds not issued via the Taobao system.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Regulatory changes issued by the People's Bank of China (Central Bank of China) are set to alter the Chinese online payment ecosystem. Top-tier digital payment services such as WeChat Pay and Alipay transferred all relevant transaction data to appropriate agencies starting June 30, 2018.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: AliExpress was created in April 2010 as an international retailing website. People who live overseas can use the service to purchase items from Chinese manufacturers online.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Taobao Marketplace allows buyer and seller to communicate prior to the purchase through its embedded proprietary instant chat program, named AliWangWang ().

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In February 2016, 3 expats living in Shanghai launched Baopals, a shopping platform that translates Taobao and Tmall into English so that foreigners living in China can access of its products and services. Over 2.4 million items have been sold on the platform.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In Dec. 2009, Taobao, together with Hunan TV, set up Happy Taobao, Inc for television shopping. Hunan TV launched an entertainment series called "Happy Taobao", while Taobao Marketplace created channels and independent websites.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In 2018, Alibaba launched the streaming service named Alibaba Live. This service was created with the goal of allowing online retailers to market their products utilizing social shopping. This has seen significant growth in popularity and success, with the 84 stores using this service reporting $7.4 million in 2020 sales. Taobao stated that they predict live-streaming on their platform will generate over 500 billion sales transactions.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Alibaba promotes a new style of live streaming, called cūnbō (村播), that features rural sellers. Taobao has given them their own category in the app, with the purpose of making it easier for these rural sellers to find customers and followers on the platform.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Singles' Day (also known as the Double eleven shopping carnival, as in 11/11) is the largest Chinese online shopping day. It takes place on 11 November each year. It takes the advantages of the Chinese singles day that was created by Chinese university students to celebrate their bachelordom. After the event was launched, it obtained widespread attention, attracting other e-commerce companies to imitate this model.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Singles day grew rapidly since its introduction in 2009. 2009 sales reached RMB50 million (￡5.68 million):<ref name="Review of Sales Value on Double 11: 2009-2013 Read more: https://www.chinainternetwatch.com/10400/review-sales-value-double-11-2009-2013/#ixzz5ABnxGZPl"></ref> Sales grew rapidly thereafter:

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In 2016, Alibaba introduced the T-mall double eleven party, inviting celebrities who took part in a Victoria's Secret show. At the 2017 party, Jack Ma launched his film "Gong Shou Dao" (Defend the Homeland with Kungfu).

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Because of the huge trading volume and income in Singles Day, Taobao launched another promotional activity on December 12 (12/12), drove record trading every year thereafter.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Taobao extensively uses shopping strategies such as data personalizing, customer loyalties, video broadcasting and the focused demand of a single community to build stages for sellers to display their commodities. It is constructing a new ecosystem from content production, to content propagation, and content consumption with Alibaba's cooperating internet platforms, including Youku, Weibo, Alimama and Alifilms.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Taobao applies a search tool named 'adaptive agents'. An adaptive agent picks up signals from consumers’ purchase records, including categories, brands, functions and colors etc.; The search engine involves the scanning of a particular bar code. Taobao tracks customers' purchasing history and reorganizes it into selections that the buyer is likely to be attracted to.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: An adaptive agent works by updating prior models using new data via Bayes' theorem (Laplace's method). The possibility of the occurrence of a certain event can be estimated through the frequency of its occurrence in the past. The ranking of a product or a page can be determined by the combination of its prior information plus its posterior data of click transaction.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: The popularity of Taobao's searching model is based on the calculation of correlation rate and quality scores:

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: Taobao automatically classifies product text and images and uses tags to match. Semantic search solves the correlation problem that keyword texts cannot solve, such as images, complex texts, and ambiguous texts. Semantic search is a recommendation system that presents customers with similar items that consumers might not find when searching one keyword. Entity tagging and other classifications are used.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In September 2013, Taobao launched its Southeast Asian site. A translation feature is available for major languages in Southeast Asia.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In 2019, Taobao removed all items related to the Houston Rockets in response to the organization's general manager Daryl Morey posting a tweet about Hong Kong.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In October 2020 amid rising geopolitical tensions between Taipei and Beijing, Taobao announced that it would exit the Taiwanese market after the Taiwanese government ordered the company to re-register as being backed by China or to leave the island if they don't.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Taobao

Context: In 2022, the Office of the United States Trade Representative named Taobao on its list of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy.

Question: 중국의 타오바오 회사 창립주는 누구인가요?


Director (business)

Context: The term director is a title given to the senior management staff of businesses and other large organizations.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: The term is in common use with two distinct meanings, the choice of which is influenced by the size and global reach of the organization and the historical and geographic context. Further to this, the term is also used in reference to various technical (legal) definitions specific to corporate governance legislation in individual countries.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: When used by a firm which uses the title director in the British English sense, being termed as an "executive director" would generally imply that the holder is appointed to the board of directors in a legal sense, and holds significant responsibility and/or a financial stake in the business. By contrast in the American English context "executive director" is roughly equivalent to vice president or senior director in some businesses.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: Such companies may also have "regional" and/or "area directors", with regional director titles tending to be used by companies that are organized by location and have their departments under that, indicating near total responsibility for the operations for their particular country.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: Corporate titles (commonly known as business titles) are titles given to individuals within a business depending on the role they have and which also portray the duties and responsibilities within that specific role. The larger the business, the more titles that are present, such as CEO, COO and executive directors.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: People with higher roles within a company are often referred to as "chief" and those who have lower roles within the company are employees who carry out day-to-day tasks. There are many titles within a company such as executive director, managing director, company director and chairman.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: A board of directors ensures that a clearly outlined structure is in place which will help the business to work much more efficiently.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: Chairman - This particular role within the company is often a non executive role that also has the task of overseeing the entire business or organization.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: Managing Director (MD) - A managing director is employed by the business, often by the chairman. Other roles include running the business and producing salaries. The managing director works along with the board of directors and oversees the performance of the business, thus reporting back to the chairman.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: Executive Directors - A group of executive directors who each play a significant role within the company. They maintain full responsibility over their respective departments such as Finance, Marketing and Sales. Each director manages their department ensuring that tasks and objectives are being met. Executive directors also sit on the board.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: Non-executive directors - These advise the business by proposing different forms of strategy and also decide remuneration of the executive directors.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: Having a clear structure within the business has a positive impact on the employees and it also helps to organize the business. By having a team of executive directors, employees can report to their executive directors if a problem or an issue occurs.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: A managing director oversees the performance of the company as a whole and then has the duty to report back to the chairman or board of directors. The chairman or board of directors may set daily and weekly targets, which should be met by the employees that are working within their respective departments. The managing director also has the role to report their progress so the board can evaluate it to see if targets have been achieved.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: An executive director within a company or an organization is usually from the board of directors and oversees a specific department within the organization such as Marketing, Finance, Production and IT. The Executive Director must ensure that all employees within his/her department are achieving the objectives which have been set and must also make daily decisions within the department.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: A company director is one of the employees within a group of managers who maintains a prolific role within an organization and usually has the higher role within an organization. This is mainly because they decide on how to control the business and also make the final and key decisions.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Director (business)

Context: A finance director oversees and maintains full responsibility of the business's finance department. He/she is also responsible in ensuring that the chief executive and the board receive the flow of the financial information. Other responsibilities include producing annual accounts, maintaining control of complete transactions, setting out financial targets and budgets for the business and also managing the companies policies. The finance director may also report to the managing director.

Question: 이사회는 몇명 이상의 이사로 구성되어 있나요?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: He was the country's "de facto" leader from December 1979 to September 1980, ruling as unelected military dictator with civilian president Choi Kyu-hah largely as a figurehead. Chun would eventually usurp power for himself after orchestrating the 12 December 1979 military coup in the aftermath of the assassination of president Park Chung-hee, who was himself another military dictator ruling since 1962.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In his final years, Chun was criticized for his unapologetic stance and the lack of remorse for his actions as a dictator and his wider regime. Chun died on 23 November 2021 at the age of 90 after a relapse of myeloma.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: Around 1936, Chun's family moved to Taikyū, where he began attending Horan Elementary School. Chun's father had run-ins with the "kempeitai" in the past; in the winter of 1939 he murdered a police captain. Their family immediately fled to Kitsurin-shō, Manchukuo, where they stayed in hiding for two years before returning. When Chun finally started attending elementary school again, he was two years behind his original classmates.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In 1947, Chun began attending Daegu Vocational Middle School, located nearly 25 km from his home. Chun moved on to Daegu Vocational High School.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: After some confusion over the constitutional procedures for presidential succession, Prime Minister Choi Kyu-ha finally ascended to the position of Acting President. Soon after, Jeong named Chun's Security Command to head up the investigation into the mysterious assassination. Chun immediately ordered his subordinates to draw up plans for the creation of an all-powerful "Joint Investigation Headquarters".

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: Chun subsequently ordered all intelligence reports to now be sent to his office at 8:00 am and 5:00 pm every day, so he could decide what information to give higher command. In one move, Chun had taken control of the entire nation's intelligence organizations. Chun then put the KCIA Deputy Chief of Foreign Affairs in charge of running the day-to-day business of the KCIA.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: During the investigation and concerned for the welfare of President Park's family, Chun personally gave money (US$500,000) from Park's slush fund to Park Geun-hye, who was 27 at the time. He was reprimanded for this by General Jeong.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In the following month Chun, along with Roh Tae-woo, Yu Hak-seong, Heo Sam-su, and others from the 11th graduating class of the KMA, continued taking advantage of the fragile political situation to grow Hanahoe's strength, courting key commanders and subverting the nation's intelligence gathering organizations.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In early 1980, Chun was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general, and he took up the position of acting director of the KCIA. On 14 April, Chun was officially installed as director of the KCIA.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In June 1980, Chun ordered the National Assembly to be dissolved. He subsequently created the (SCNSM), a junta-like organization, and installed himself as a member. On 17 July, he resigned his position as KCIA Director, and then held only the position of committee member.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: On 5 August, with full control of the military he effectively promoted himself to four star General and on 22 August he was discharged from active duty to the Army reserves.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: He was then re-elected president by the National Conference that February, taking 90 percent of the delegates' vote against three minor candidates. However, Chun's election was a foregone conclusion after the DJP's decisive victory at elections for the National Conference two weeks earlier. The DJP won a supermajority of 69.5 percent of the seats, three times as many as the independents and nine times as seats as the opposition Democratic Korea Party.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In 1980, in the face of increased tension with the U.S. over his military takeover, President Chun issued a memorandum stating that his country would not develop missiles with a range longer than 180 km or capable of carrying greater than a 453 kg warhead. After receiving this promise, the Reagan administration decided to fully recognize Chun's military government.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In the late 1990s, South Korea and the U.S. held talks on the issue and, rather than scrap the memorandum completely, they came to an agreement allowing missiles up to 300 km in range and capability to carry up to a 500 kg warhead. This compromise came into effect in 2001 under the name Missile Technology Control Regime.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: After his election in 1981, Chun completely rejected the presidency of Park, even going so far as to strike all references to Park's 1961 military coup from the constitution. Chun announced that he would be restoring justice to the government to remove the fraud and corruption of Park's tenure.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: Chun's government did not have the considerable political influence enjoyed by Park Chung-hee's administration. His government could not ignore American influence, and he ended South Korea's nuclear weapons program. During this time, Chun was worried about the state of South Korean-U.S. relations, which had greatly deteriorated towards the end of Park Chung-hee's long authoritarian presidency. Chun needed to be recognized by the United States to legitimize his government.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In 1983, Chun was the target of a failed assassination attempt by North Korean agents during a visit to Rangoon, Burma. The North Korean bombing killed 17 of Chun's entourage, including cabinet ministers. Four Burmese government officials were also killed in the attack.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: Chun's presidency occurred during the Cold War, and his foreign policies were based around combating communism not only from North Korea and Soviet Union.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: The United States put pressure on the South Korean government to abandon its plans to develop nuclear weapons.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: Japanese newspapers widely reported that Chun was the "de facto" leader of the country months before he made any move to become President.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In 1982, Chun announced the ", but due to repeated rejections from North Korea the program was unable to get off the ground.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: Also from 1986 to 1988, he and President Corazon Aquino of the Philippines established talks between the two countries for strengthening Philippine-South Korean economic, social and cultural friendship.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: From the start of his presidency, Chun began grooming Noh Shin-yeong as his eventual successor. In 1980, while working as ambassador to the Geneva Representation Bureau, Noh Shin-yeong was recalled and made Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1982, he was installed as the Director of the Security Planning Bureau, and in 1985, he was named Prime Minister.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: When that became widely known, those supporting Chun's regime were highly critical of his choice of successor. His supporters, mostly those with heavy military backgrounds, believed that the proper way to groom a successor was by military duties, not political positions. Chun was eventually persuaded to reverse his position and ceased pushing for Noh Shin-yeong to succeed him.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: The 1981 constitution restricted the president to a single seven-year term. Unlike his predecessors, Chun was unable to amend the document in order to run again in 1987; the constitution explicitly stated that any amendments extending a president's term would not apply to the incumbent. However, he consistently resisted pleas to open up the regime.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: On 13 April 1987, Chun made a " speech. He declared that the DJP candidate for president would be one of his military supporters, and his successor would be chosen in an indirect election similar to the one that elected Chun seven years earlier. That announcement enraged the democratization community and, in concert with several scandals from the Chun government that year, demonstrators began their movement again, starting with a speech at the Anglican Cathedral of Seoul.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: In the 16 December 1987 Presidential Election, Roh won the election with a plurality, the first free and fair national elections of any sort held in the country in two decades, after opposition candidates Kim Young-sam and Kim Dae-jung split the popular vote. Chun finished out his term and handed over the presidency to Roh on 25 February 1988, the first peaceful transfer of power in the history of South Korea.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: At this time, Chun decided to live for several years in Baekdamsa, a Buddhist temple in the Gangwon-do province, in order to pay penance for his actions. On 30 December 1990, Chun left Baekdamsa and returned home.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: After his sentence was finalized, Chun began serving his prison sentence. On 22 December 1997, Chun's life imprisonment sentence was commuted by President Kim Young-sam, on the advice of incoming President Kim Dae-jung. Chun was still required to pay his massive fine, but at that point, he had only paid , not quite a fourth of the total fine amount. Chun made a relatively famous quote, saying, "I have only to my name." The remaining was never collected.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: According to the "May 18th Special Legislation", all medals awarded for the military intervention during the Gwangju Democratization Movement were revoked and ordered to be returned to the government. There are still nine medals that have not been returned to the government.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: Chun died at his home in Yeonhui-dong, Seoul, on 23 November 2021, less than one month after his successor Roh Tae-woo, from complications of blood cancer.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: Since Chun never apologized for his role in the Gwangju Massacre and his past crimes, the Blue House only expressed private condolences to his family via a spokesperson, and announced that there was no plan to send wreaths. Following his death, the South Korean ruling and opposition parties refrained from sending official condolences.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: The South Korean government also decided not to hold a state funeral for Chun, and his funeral was conducted by his family with the government providing no assistance.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: His body was taken to Seoul’s Severance Hospital, where it was to be cremated before burial. By law, Chun is not eligible for burial at a national cemetery because of his past criminal record and conviction. According to his widow Lee Soon-ja, Chun had requested his family to minimize the funeral process, never make any tomb for him, and spread his ashes in areas overlooking the North Korean territory.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: On 23 November 2021, during a press conference, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China spokesperson Zhao Lijian offered brief condolences to Chun's family, stating the 'brief exchanges with relevant sides' that he had following the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and South Korea.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Chun Doo-hwan

Context: On 27 November 2021, during his funeral procession, Lee Soon-ja issued a brief apology over the "pains and scars" caused by Chun’s brutal rule. Her apology did not mention Chun's responsibility of the suppression of May 18 Democratic Uprising in Gwangju. As a result, civic groups related to the movement, including those of bereaved families, criticized her apology for being vague and incomplete, and said that they would not accept the apology.

Question: 1980년 대한민국의 대통령은 누구인가?


Smith (surname)

Context: In Scotland, the frequency of the surname was higher than average (1:84) in the following council areas:

Question: 미국에서 가장 많은 성씨는 무엇인가?


Smith (surname)

Context: In the United States, the frequency of the surname was higher than average (1:121) in the following states:

Question: 미국에서 가장 많은 성씨는 무엇인가?


Smith (surname)

Context: Surnames relating to smiths and blacksmiths are found across the world. When relevant, transliterations are included in parentheses and italicised, and adaptations (i.e. anglicisations or gallicisations) in brackets. Additionally, brief etymologies are noted if a name used in a certain language derives from another language.

Question: 미국에서 가장 많은 성씨는 무엇인가?


List of best-selling albums in South Korea

Context: Sales of standard release and reissue albums in a year. This list does not include sales of the same album in other years apart from the specified calendar year. For a list of total sales, see sections above.

Question: 가장 많은 앨범을 판매한 한국 가수는 누구인가?


History of Russia

Context: During the prehistoric eras the vast steppes of Southern Russia were home to tribes of nomadic pastoralists. (In classical antiquity, the Pontic Steppe was known as "Scythia".) Remnants of these long-gone steppe cultures were discovered in the course of the 20th century in such places as Ipatovo, Sintashta, Arkaim, and Pazyryk.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: In the second millennium BC, the territories between the Kama and the Irtysh Rivers were the home of a Proto-Uralic-speaking population that had contacts with Proto-Indo-European speakers from the south. The woodland population is the ancestor of the modern Ugrian inhabitants of Trans-Uralia. Other researchers say that the Khanty people originated in the south Ural steppe and moved northwards into their current location about 500 AD.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: A Turkic people, the Khazars, ruled the lower Volga basin steppes between the Caspian and Black Seas through to the 8th century. Noted for their laws, tolerance, and cosmopolitanism, the Khazars were the main commercial link between the Baltic and the Muslim Abbasid empire centered in Baghdad. They were important allies of the Byzantine Empire, and waged a series of successful wars against the Arab Caliphates. In the 8th century, the Khazars embraced Judaism.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Some of the ancestors of the modern Russians were the Slavic tribes, whose original home is thought by some scholars to have been the wooded areas of the Pripet Marshes. The Early East Slavs gradually settled Western Russia in two waves: one moving from Kiev towards present-day Suzdal and Murom and another from Polotsk towards Novgorod and Rostov.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: From the 7th century onwards, East Slavs constituted the bulk of the population in Western Russia and slowly but peacefully assimilated the native Finnic tribes, such as the Merya, the Muromians, and the Meshchera.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Thus, the first East Slavic state, Rus', emerged in the 9th century along the Dnieper River valley. A coordinated group of princely states with a common interest in maintaining trade along the river routes, Kievan Rus' controlled the trade route for furs, wax, and slaves between Scandinavia and the Byzantine Empire along the Volkhov and Dnieper Rivers.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: By the 11th century, particularly during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise, Kievan Rus' displayed an economy and achievements in architecture and literature superior to those that then existed in the western part of the continent. Compared with the languages of European Christendom, the Russian language was little influenced by the Greek and Latin of early Christian writings. This was because Church Slavonic was used directly in liturgy instead.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The Mongols left their impact on the Russians in such areas as military tactics and transportation. Under Mongol occupation, Russia also developed its postal road network, census, fiscal system, and military organization.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: At the same time, Prince of Novgorod, Alexander Nevsky, managed to repel the offensive of the Northern Crusades against Russia from the West. Despite this, becoming the Grand Prince, Alexander declared himself a vassal to the Golden Horde, not having the strength to resist its power.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Daniil Aleksandrovich, the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, founded the principality of Moscow (known as Muscovy in English), which first cooperated with and ultimately expelled the Tatars from Russia. Well-situated in the central river system of Russia and surrounded by protective forests and marshes, Moscow was at first only a vassal of Vladimir, but soon it absorbed its parent state.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: By the middle of the 14th century, the power of the Mongols was declining, and the Grand Princes felt able to openly oppose the Mongol yoke. In 1380, at Battle of Kulikovo on the Don River, the Mongols were defeated, and although this hard-fought victory did not end Tatar rule of Russia, it did bring great fame to the Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy. Moscow's leadership in Russia was now firmly based and by the middle of the 14th century its territory had greatly expanded through purchase, war, and marriage.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: In the 15th century, the grand princes of Moscow continued to consolidate Russian land to increase their population and wealth. The most successful practitioner of this process was Ivan III, who laid the foundations for a Russian national state. Ivan competed with his powerful northwestern rival, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, for control over some of the semi-independent Upper Principalities in the upper Dnieper and Oka River basins.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Under Ivan III, the first central government bodies were created in Russia - Prikaz. The Sudebnik was adopted, the first set of laws since the 11th century. The double-headed eagle was adopted as the coat of arms of Russia, as a symbol of the continuity of the power of Byzantium by Russia.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: At the end of Ivan IV's reign the Polish–Lithuanian and Swedish armies carried out a powerful intervention in Russia, devastating its northern and northwest regions.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The crisis provoked a patriotic national uprising against the invasion, both in 1611 and 1612. Finally, a volunteer army, led by the merchant Kuzma Minin and prince Dmitry Pozharsky, expelled the foreign forces from the capital on .

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The Russian statehood survived the "Time of Troubles" and the rule of weak or corrupt Tsars because of the strength of the government's central bureaucracy. Government functionaries continued to serve, regardless of the ruler's legitimacy or the faction controlling the throne. However, the Time of Troubles caused the loss of much territory to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Russo-Polish war, as well as to the Swedish Empire in the Ingrian War.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: In February 1613, after the chaos and expulsion of the Poles from Moscow, a national assembly, composed of representatives from 50 cities and even some peasants, elected Michael Romanov, the young son of Patriarch Filaret, to the throne. The Romanov dynasty ruled Russia until 1917.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The immediate task of the new monarch was to restore peace. Fortunately for Moscow, its major enemies, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, were engaged in a bitter conflict with each other, which provided Russia the opportunity to make peace with Sweden in 1617 and to sign a truce with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1619.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Recovery of lost territories began in the mid-17th century, when the Khmelnitsky Uprising (1648–1657) in Ukraine against Polish rule brought about the Treaty of Pereyaslav between Russia and the Ukrainian Cossacks. In the treaty, Russia granted protection to the Cossacks state in Left-bank Ukraine, formerly under Polish control. This triggered a prolonged Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), which ended with the Treaty of Andrusovo, where Poland accepted the loss of Left-bank Ukraine, Kiev and Smolensk.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The Russian conquest of Siberia, begun at the end of the 16th century, continued in the 17th century. By the end of the 1640s, the Russians reached the Pacific Ocean, the Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev, discovered the strait between Asia and America. Russian expansion in the Far East faced resistance from Qing China. After the war between Russia and China, the Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed, delimiting the territories in the Amur region.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Rather than risk their estates in more civil war, the boyars cooperated with the first Romanovs, enabling them to finish the work of bureaucratic centralization. Thus, the state required service from both the old and the new nobility, primarily in the military. In return, the tsars allowed the boyars to complete the process of enserfing the peasants.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Much of Russia's expansion occurred in the 17th century, culminating in the first Russian colonisation of the Pacific in the mid-17th century, the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) that incorporated left-bank Ukraine, and the Russian conquest of Siberia. Poland was divided in the 1790–1815 era, with much of the land and population going to Russia. Most of the19th century growth came from adding territory in Asia, south of Siberia.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Peter re-organized his government based on the latest Western models, molding Russia into an absolutist state. He replaced the old "boyar" Duma (council of nobles) with a nine-member senate, in effect a supreme council of state. The countryside was also divided into new provinces and districts. Peter told the senate that its mission was to collect taxes. In turn tax revenues tripled over the course of his reign.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: In accordance to Russia's treaty with the Georgians to protect them against any new invasion of their Persian suzerains and further political aspirations, Catherine waged a new war against Persia in 1796 after they had again invaded Georgia and established rule over it about a year prior, and had expelled the newly established Russian garrisons in the Caucasus.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: In 1798–1799, Russian troops participated in the anti-French coalition, the troops under the command of Alexander Suvorov defeated the French in Northern Italy.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: By the time of her death in 1796, Catherine's expansionist policy had made Russia a major European power. Alexander I continued this policy, wresting Finland from the weakened kingdom of Sweden in 1809 and Bessarabia from the Ottomans in 1812. His key advisor was Adam Jerzy Czartoryski.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Russia's economy had been hurt by Napoleon's Continental System, which cut off trade with Britain. As Esdaile notes, "Implicit in the idea of a Russian Poland was, of course, a war against Napoleon." Schroeder says Poland was the root cause of the conflict but Russia's refusal to support the Continental System was also a factor.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: After the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815, Alexander became known as the 'savior of Europe'. He presided over the redrawing of the map of Europe at the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815), which made him the king of Congress Poland. He formed the Holy Alliance with Austria and Prussia, to suppress revolutionary movements in Europe that he saw as immoral threats to legitimate Christian monarchs. He helped Austria's Klemens von Metternich in suppressing all national and liberal movements.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Although the Russian Empire would play a leading role on behalf of conservatism as late as 1848, its retention of serfdom precluded economic progress of any significant degree. As West European economic growth accelerated during the Industrial Revolution, sea trade and colonialism which had begun in the second half of the 18th century, Russia began to lag ever farther behind, undermining its ability to field strong armies.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Russia's great power status obscured the inefficiency of its government, the isolation of its people, and its economic backwardness. Following the defeat of Napoleon, Alexander I was willing to discuss constitutional reforms, and though a few were introduced, no thoroughgoing changes were attempted.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The 1st quarter of the 19th century is the time when Russian literature becomes an independent and very striking phenomenon; this is the time when the very laws of the Russian literary language are formed. The reasons for such a rapid development of Russian literature during this period lie both in the intra-literary processes and in the socio-political life of Russian society.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: As Western Europe modernized, after 1840 the issue for Russia became one of direction. Westernizers favored imitating Western Europe while others renounced the West and called for a return of the traditions of the past. The latter path was championed by Slavophiles, who heaped scorn on the "decadent" West. The Slavophiles were opponents of bureaucracy and preferred the collectivism of the medieval Russian "mir", or village community, to the individualism of the West.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Russia expected that in exchange for supplying the troops to be the policeman of Europe, it should have a free hand in dealing with the decaying Ottoman Empire—the "sick man of Europe." In 1853, Russia invaded Ottoman-controlled areas leading to the Crimean War. Britain and France came to the rescue of the Ottomans. After a grueling war fought largely in Crimea, with very high death rates from disease, the allies won.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Alexander was responsible for numerous reforms besides abolishing serfdom. He reorganized the judicial system, setting up elected local judges, abolishing capital punishment, promoting local self-government through the zemstvo system, imposing universal military service, ending some of the privileges of the nobility, and promoting the universities.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: After the Nihilists failed to convert the aristocracy and landed gentry to the cause of reform, they turned to the peasants. Their campaign became known as the "Narodnk" ("Populist") movement. It was based on the belief that the common people had the wisdom and peaceful ability to lead the nation.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The tsar's most influential adviser was Konstantin Pobedonostsev, tutor to Alexander III and his son Nicholas, and procurator of the Holy Synod from 1880 to 1895. He taught his royal pupils to fear freedom of speech and press and to hate democracy, constitutions, and the parliamentary system. Under Pobedonostsev, revolutionaries were hunted down and a policy of Russification was carried out throughout the empire.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia continued its expansion in the Far East; Chinese Manchuria was in the zone of Russian interests. Russia took an active part in the intervention of the great powers in China to suppress the Boxer rebellion. During this war, Russia occupied Manchuria, which caused a clash of interests with Japan. In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War began, which ended extremely unfavourably for Russia.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The disastrous performance of the Russian armed forces in the Russo-Japanese War was a major blow to the Russian State and increased the potential for unrest.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: In October 1905, Nicholas reluctantly issued the October Manifesto, which conceded the creation of a national Duma (legislature) to be called without delay. The right to vote was extended, and no law was to go into force without confirmation by the Duma. The moderate groups were satisfied; but the socialists rejected the concessions as insufficient and tried to organize new strikes. By the end of 1905, there was disunity among the reformers, and the tsar's position was strengthened for the time being.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Repeated military failures and bureaucratic ineptitude soon turned large segments of the population against the government. The German and Ottoman fleets prevented Russia from importing urgently needed supplies through the Baltic and Black seas.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: By the middle of 1915 the impact of the war was demoralizing. Food and fuel were in short supply, casualties kept occurring, and inflation was mounting. Strikes increased among low-paid factory workers, and the peasants, who wanted land reforms, were restless. Meanwhile, elite distrust of the regime was deepened by reports that Rasputin was gaining influence; his assassination in late 1916 ended the scandal but did not restore the autocracy's lost prestige.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: To fill the vacuum of authority, the Duma declared a Provisional Government, headed by Prince Lvov, which was collectively known as the Russian Republic. Meanwhile, the socialists in Petrograd organized elections among workers and soldiers to form a soviet (council) of workers' and soldiers' deputies, as an organ of popular power that could pressure the "bourgeois" Provisional Government.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: When the national Constituent Assembly (elected in December 1917) refused to become a rubber stamp of the Bolsheviks, it was dissolved by Lenin's troops and all vestiges of democracy were removed. With the handicap of the moderate opposition removed, Lenin was able to free his regime from the war problem by the harsh Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918) with Germany. Russia lost much of her western borderlands. However, when Germany was defeated the Soviet government repudiated the Treaty.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Both sides regularly committed brutal atrocities against civilians. During the civil war era White Terror (Russia) for example, Petlyura and Denikin's forces massacred 100,000 to 150,000 Jews in Ukraine and southern Russia. Hundreds of thousands of Jews were left homeless and tens of thousands became victims of serious illness.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Although the left opposition among the Communists criticized the rich peasants, or kulaks, who benefited from the NEP, the program proved highly beneficial and the economy revived. The NEP would later come under increasing opposition from within the party following Lenin's death in early 1924.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: As the Russian Empire included during this period not only the region of Russia, but also today's territories of Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Moldavia and the Caucasian and Central Asian countries, it is possible to examine the firm formation process in all those regions. One of the main determinants of firm creation for given regions of Russian Empire might be urban demand of goods and supply of industrial and organizational skill.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: While the Russian economy was being transformed, the social life of the people underwent equally drastic changes. The Family Code of 1918 granted women equal status to men, and permitted a couple to take either the husband or wife's name. Divorce no longer required court procedure,

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: and to make women completely free of the responsibilities of childbearing, abortion was made legal as early as 1920. As a side effect, the emancipation of women increased the labor market. Girls were encouraged to secure an education and pursue a career in the factory or the office. Communal nurseries were set up for the care of small children, and efforts were made to shift the center of people's social life from the home to educational and recreational groups, the soviet clubs.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The Soviet government pursued a policy of eliminating illiteracy Likbez. After industrialization, massive urbanization began in the USSR. In the field of national policy in the 1920s, the Korenizatsiya was carried out. However, from the mid-30s, the Stalinist government returned to the tsarist policy of Russification of the outskirts. In particular, the languages of all the nations of the USSR were translated into the Cyrillic alphabet Cyrillization.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The plans received remarkable results in areas aside from agriculture. Russia, in many measures the poorest nation in Europe at the time of the Bolshevik Revolution, now industrialized at a phenomenal rate, far surpassing Germany's pace of industrialization in the 19th century and Japan's earlier in the 20th century.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: The NKVD gathered in tens of thousands of Soviet citizens to face arrest, deportation, or execution. Of the six original members of the 1920 Politburo who survived Lenin, all were purged by Stalin. Old Bolsheviks who had been loyal comrades of Lenin, high officers in the Red Army, and directors of industry were liquidated in the Great Purges. Purges in other Soviet republics also helped centralize control in the USSR.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Stalin destroyed the opposition in the party consisting of the old Bolsheviks during the Moscow trials. The NKVD under the leadership of Stalin's commissar Nikolai Yezhov carried out a series of massive repressive operations against the kulaks and various national minorities in the USSR. During the Great Purges of 1937–38, about 700 000 people were executed.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Penalties were introduced, and many citizens were prosecuted for fictitious crimes of sabotage and espionage. The labor provided by convicts working in the labor camps of the Gulag system became an important component of the industrialization effort, especially in Siberia. An estimated 18 million people passed through the Gulag system, and perhaps another 15 million had experience of some other form of forced labor.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: After the partition of Poland in 1939, the NKVD executed 20,000 captured Polish officers in the Katyn massacre. In the late 30s - first half of the 40s, the Stalinist government carried out massive deportations of various nationalities. A number of ethnic groups were deported from their settlement to Central Asia.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: As agreed at the Yalta Conference, three months after the Victory Day in Europe the USSR launched the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, defeating the Japanese troops in neighboring Manchuria, the last Soviet battle of World War II.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Collaboration among the major Allies had won the war and was supposed to serve as the basis for postwar reconstruction and security. USSR became one of the founders of the UN and a permanent member of the UN Security Council. However, the conflict between Soviet and U.S. national interests, known as the Cold War, came to dominate the international stage in the postwar period.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: U.S.–Soviet relations deteriorated following the beginning of the nine-year Soviet–Afghan War in 1979 and the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan, a staunch anti-communist, but improved as the communist bloc started to unravel in the late 1980s. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia lost the superpower status that it had won in the Second World War.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: Nikita Khrushchev solidified his position in a speech before the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party in 1956 detailing Stalin's atrocities.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: While all modernized economies were rapidly moving to computerization after 1965, the USSR fell further and further behind. Moscow's decision to copy the IBM 360 of 1965 proved a decisive mistake for it locked scientists into an antiquated system they were unable to improve. They had enormous difficulties in manufacturing the necessary chips reliably and in quantity, in programming workable and efficient programs, in coordinating entirely separate operations, and in providing support to computer users.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: By the mid-1990s Russia had a system of multiparty electoral politics. But it was harder to establish a representative government because of two structural problems—the struggle between president and parliament and the anarchic party system.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?


History of Russia

Context: In 2000, the new acting president defeated his opponents in the presidential election on 26 March and won in a landslide four years later. The Second Chechen war ended with the victory of Russia, at the same time, after the September 11 terrorist attacks, there was a rapprochement between Russia and the United States. Putin has created a system of guided democracy in Russia by subjugating parliament, suppressing independent media and placing major oil and gas companies under state control.

Question: 러시아는 언제 개국하였는가?