Thebes, Egypt

Context: Half a century later the Thebans rose again, elevating a certain Harsiesi to the throne in 132 BC. Harsiesi, having helped himself to the funds of the royal bank at Thebes, fled the following year. In 91 BC, another revolt broke out. In the following years, Thebes was subdued, and the city turned into rubble.

Question: Mikä oli Theban kuningattaren nimi?


Thebes, Egypt

Context: The two great temples—Luxor Temple and Karnak—and the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens are among the greatest achievements of ancient Egypt.

Question: Mikä oli Theban kuningattaren nimi?


Thebes, Egypt

Context: From 25 October 2018 to 27 January 2019, the Museum of Grenoble organized with the support of the Louvre and the British Museum, a three-month exhibition on the city of Thebes and the role of women in the city at that time.

Question: Mikä oli Theban kuningattaren nimi?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Pierce was popular and outgoing, but his family life was difficult; his three children died young and his wife Jane suffered from illness and depression for much of her life. Their last surviving son was killed in a train accident while the family was traveling, shortly before Pierce's inauguration. A heavy drinker for much of his life, Pierce died in 1869 of cirrhosis of the liver. Historians and scholars generally rank Pierce as one of the worst and least memorable U.S. presidents.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Jane Pierce disliked Hillsborough as well, and in 1838, the Pierces relocated to the state capital, Concord, New Hampshire. They had three sons, all of whom died in childhood. Franklin Jr. (February 2–5, 1836) died in infancy, while Frank Robert (August 27, 1839 – November 14, 1843) died at the age of four from epidemic typhus. Benjamin (April 13, 1841 – January 6, 1853) died at the age of 11 in a train accident.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Ulysses S. Grant, who had the opportunity to observe Pierce firsthand during the war, countered the allegations of cowardice in his memoirs, written several years after Pierce's death: "Whatever General Pierce's qualifications may have been for the Presidency, he was a gentleman and a man of courage. I was not a supporter of him politically, but I knew him more intimately than I did any other of the volunteer generals."

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Returning to Concord, Pierce resumed his law practice; in one notable case he defended the religious liberty of the Shakers, the insular sect threatened with legal action over accusations of abuse. His role as a party leader, however, continued to take up most of his attention. He continued to wrangle with Senator Hale, who was anti-slavery and had opposed the war, stances that Pierce regarded as needless agitation.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: When word reached New Hampshire of the result, Pierce found it difficult to believe, and his wife fainted. Their son Benjamin wrote to his mother hoping that Franklin's candidacy would not be successful, as he knew she would not like to live in Washington.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: In his Cabinet appointments, Pierce sought to unite a party that was squabbling over the fruits of victory. Most in the party had not originally supported him for the nomination, and some had allied with the Free Soil party to gain victory in local elections. Pierce decided to allow each of the party's factions some appointments, even those that had not supported the Compromise of 1850.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Factionalism between the pro- and anti-administration Democrats ramped up quickly, especially within the New York Democratic Party. The more conservative Hardshell Democrats or "Hards" of New York were deeply skeptical of the Pierce administration, which was associated with Marcy (who became Secretary of State) and the more moderate New York faction, the Softshell Democrats or "Softs".

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Pierce charged Treasury Secretary James Guthrie with reforming the Treasury, which was inefficiently managed and had many unsettled accounts. Guthrie increased oversight of Treasury employees and tariff collectors, many of whom were withholding money from the government. Despite laws requiring funds to be held in the Treasury, large deposits remained in private banks under the Whig administrations. Guthrie reclaimed these funds and sought to prosecute corrupt officials, with mixed success.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Pierce and his administration used threats and promises to keep most Democrats on board in favor of the bill. The Whigs split along sectional lines; the conflict destroyed them as a national party. The Kansas–Nebraska Act was passed in May 1854 and ultimately defined the Pierce presidency. The political turmoil that followed the passage saw the short-term rise of the nativist and anti-Catholic American Party, often called the Know Nothings, and the founding of the Republican Party.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Passage of the act coincided with the seizure of escaped slave Anthony Burns in Boston. Northerners rallied in support of Burns, but Pierce was determined to follow the Fugitive Slave Act to the letter, and dispatched federal troops to enforce Burns's return to his Virginia owner despite furious crowds.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: In his last will, which he signed January 22, 1868, Pierce left a large number of specific bequests such as paintings, swords, horses, and other items to friends, family, and neighbors. Much of his $72,000 estate (equal to $ today) went to his brother Henry's family, and to Hawthorne's children and Pierce's landlady. Henry's son Frank Pierce received the largest share.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: In addition to his LL.D. from Norwich University, Pierce received honorary doctorates from Bowdoin College (1853) and Dartmouth College (1860).

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Historian Eric Foner says, "His administration turned out to be one of the most disastrous in American history. It witnessed the collapse of the party system inherited from the Age of Jackson".

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Franklin Pierce

Context: Historian Larry Gara, who authored a book on Pierce's presidency, wrote in the former president's entry in "American National Biography Online":

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 14. presidentti?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Julian (; ; 331 – 26 June 363) was Roman emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek. His rejection of Christianity, and his promotion of Neoplatonic Hellenism in its place, caused him to be remembered as Julian the Apostate in Christian tradition.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: In 358, Julian gained victories over the Salian Franks on the Lower Rhine, settling them in Toxandria in the Roman Empire, north of today's city of Tongeren, and over the Chamavi, who were expelled back to Hamaland.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Constantius attempted to maintain some modicum of control over his "Caesar", which explains his removal of Julian's close adviser Saturninius Secundus Salutius from Gaul. His departure stimulated the writing of Julian's oration, "Consolation Upon the Departure of Salutius".

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: After five months of dealings at the capital, Julian left Constantinople in May and moved to Antioch, arriving in mid-July and staying there for nine months before launching his fateful campaign against Persia in March 363. Antioch was a city favored by splendid temples along with a famous oracle of Apollo in nearby Daphne, which may have been one reason for his choosing to reside there. It had also been used in the past as a staging place for amassing troops, a purpose which Julian intended to follow.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: His arrival on 18 July was well received by the Antiochenes, though it coincided with the celebration of the Adonia, a festival which marked the death of Adonis, so there was wailing and moaning in the streets—not a good omen for an arrival.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Julian soon discovered that wealthy merchants were causing food problems, apparently by hoarding food and selling it at high prices. He hoped that the curia would deal with the issue for the situation was headed for a famine. When the curia did nothing, he spoke to the city's leading citizens, trying to persuade them to take action. Thinking that they would do the job, he turned his attention to religious matters.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: When the curia still took no substantial action in regards to the food shortage, Julian intervened, fixing the prices for grain and importing more from Egypt. Then landholders refused to sell theirs, claiming that the harvest was so bad that they had to be compensated with fair prices. Julian accused them of price gouging and forced them to sell. Various parts of Libanius' orations may suggest that both sides were justified to some extent while Ammianus blames Julian for "a mere thirst for popularity".

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Julian's ascetic lifestyle was not popular either, since his subjects were accustomed to the idea of an all-powerful Emperor who placed himself well above them. Nor did he improve his dignity with his own participation in the ceremonial of bloody sacrifices.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: He then tried to address public criticism and mocking of him by issuing a satire ostensibly on himself, called Misopogon or "Beard Hater". There he blames the people of Antioch for preferring that their ruler have his virtues in the face rather than in the soul.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Julian's fellow pagans were of a divided mind about this habit of talking to his subjects on an equal footing: Ammianus Marcellinus saw in that only the foolish vanity of someone "excessively anxious for empty distinction", whose "desire for popularity often led him to converse with unworthy persons".

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: On leaving Antioch he appointed Alexander of Heliopolis as governor, a violent and cruel man whom the Antiochene Libanius, a friend of the emperor, admits on first thought was a "dishonourable" appointment. Julian himself described the man as "undeserving" of the position, but appropriate "for the avaricious and rebellious people of Antioch".

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Considered apocryphal is the report that his dying words were , or ("You have won, Galilean"), supposedly expressing his recognition that, with his death, Christianity would become the Empire's state religion. The phrase introduces the 1866 poem "Hymn to Proserpine", which was Algernon Charles Swinburne's elaboration of what a philosophic pagan might have felt at the triumph of Christianity. It also ends the Polish Romantic play "The Undivine Comedy" written in 1833 by Zygmunt Krasiński.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: As he had requested, Julian's body was buried in Tarsus. It lay in a tomb outside the city, across a road from that of Maximinus Daia.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Julian's personal religion was both pagan and philosophical; he viewed the traditional myths as allegories, in which the ancient gods were aspects of a philosophical divinity. The chief surviving sources are his works "To King Helios" and "To the Mother of the Gods", which were written as panegyrics, not theological treatises.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: The Christian historian Socrates Scholasticus was of the opinion that Julian believed himself to be Alexander the Great "in another body" via transmigration of souls, "in accordance with the teachings of Pythagoras and Plato".

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: On 4 February 362, Julian promulgated an edict to guarantee freedom of religion. This edict proclaimed that all the religions were equal before the law, and that the Roman Empire had to return to its original religious eclecticism, according to which the Roman state did not impose any religion on its provinces. The edict was seen as an act of favor toward the Jews, in order to upset the Christians.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Since the persecution of Christians by past Roman Emperors had seemingly only strengthened Christianity, many of Julian's actions were designed to harass Christians and undermine their ability to organize resistance to the re-establishment of paganism in the empire. Julian's preference for a non-Christian and non-philosophical view of Iamblichus' theurgy seems to have convinced him that it was right to outlaw the Christian liturgy and demand the suppression of the Christian Holy Mysteries (Sacraments).

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: His care in the institution of a pagan hierarchy in opposition to that of the Church's hierarchy was due to his wish to create a society in which every aspect of the life of the citizens was to be connected, through layers of intermediate levels, to the consolidated figure of the Emperor—the final provider for all the needs of his people. Within this project, there was no place for a parallel institution, such as the Church's hierarchy or Christian charity.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Julian's popularity among the people and the army during his brief reign suggest that he might have brought paganism back to the fore of Roman public and private life. In fact, during his lifetime, neither pagan nor Christian ideology reigned supreme, and the greatest thinkers of the day argued about the merits and rationality of each religion. Most importantly for the pagan cause, though, Rome was still a predominantly pagan empire that had not wholly accepted Christianity.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: In 363, not long before Julian left Antioch to launch his campaign against Persia, in keeping with his effort to oppose Christianity, he allowed Jews to rebuild their Temple. The point was that the rebuilding of the Temple would invalidate Jesus’ prophecy about its destruction in 70, which Christians had cited as proof of Jesus' truth. But fires broke out and stopped the project. A personal friend of his, Ammianus Marcellinus, wrote this about the effort:

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: The failure to rebuild the Temple has been ascribed to the Galilee earthquake of 363. Although there is contemporary testimony for the miracle, in the Orations of St. Gregory Nazianzen, this may be taken to be unreliable. Other possibilities are accidental fire or deliberate sabotage. Divine intervention was for centuries a common view among Christian historians, and it was seen as proof of Jesus’ divinity.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: The religious works contain involved philosophical speculations, and the panegyrics to Constantius are formulaic and elaborate in style.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: One of the most important of his lost works is his "Against the Galileans", intended to refute the Christian religion. The only parts of this work which survive are those excerpted by Cyril of Alexandria, who gives extracts from the three first books in his refutation of Julian, "Contra Julianum". These extracts do not give an adequate idea of the work: Cyril confesses that he had not ventured to copy several of the weightiest arguments.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: Emperors are shown with a rounded-corner border with their dates as Augusti, names with a thicker border appear in both sections

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


Julian (emperor)

Context: 'Julian Way' is a main thoroughfare in Jerusalem named for the Emperor. It was given that name during the British Mandate period, and then changed to King David Street with the creation of the State of Israel.

Question: Kuka oli Rooman keisari Julianuksen jälkeen?


History of calendars

Context: The history of calendars, that is, of people creating and using methods for keeping track of days and larger divisions of time, covers a practice with ancient roots.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Vikram Samvat has been used by Hindus and Sikhs. One of several regional Hindu calendars in use on the Indian subcontinent, it is based on twelve synodic lunar months and 365 solar days.The lunar year begins with the new moon of the month of Chaitra.This day, known as Chaitra Sukhladi, is a restricted (optional) holiday in India.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: A number of ancient and medieval inscriptions used the Vikram Samvat. Although it was reportedly named after the legendary king Vikramaditya, Samvatsara in short ‘Samvat ’is a Sanskrit term for ‘year’. Emperor Vikramaditya of Ujjain started Vikram Samvat in 57 BC and it is believed that this calendar follows his victory over the Saka in 56 B.C.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: A larger number of calendar systems of the ancient Near East appear in the Iron Age archaeological record, based on the Assyrian and Babylonian calendars. This includes the calendar of the Persian Empire, which in turn gave rise to the Zoroastrian calendar as well as the Hebrew calendar.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: Calendars in antiquity were usually lunisolar, depending on the introduction of intercalary months to align the solar and the lunar years. This was mostly based on observation, but there may have been early attempts to model the pattern of intercalation algorithmically, as evidenced in the fragmentary 2nd-century Coligny calendar. Nevertheless, the Roman calendar contained very ancient remnants of a pre-Etruscan 10-month solar year.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Roman calendar was reformed by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. The Julian calendar was no longer dependent on the observation of the new moon but simply followed an algorithm of introducing a leap day every four years. This created a dissociation of the calendar month from the lunation.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: In the 11th century in Persia, a calendar reform led by Khayyam was announced in 1079, when the length of the year was measured as 365.24219858156 days. Given that the length of the year is changing in the sixth decimal place over a person's lifetime, this is outstandingly accurate. For comparison the length of the year at the end of the 19th century was 365.242196 days, while today (1999) it is 365.242190 days.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Gregorian calendar was introduced as a refinement of the Julian calendar in 1582, and is today in worldwide use as the "de facto" calendar for secular purposes.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The term "calendars" itself is taken from the "calends", the term for the first day of the month in the Roman calendar, related to the verb "to call out", referring to the calling or the announcement that the new moon was just seen. Latin meant "account book, register", as accounts were settled and debts were collected on the calends of each month.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Latin term was adopted in Old French as and from there into Middle English as by the 13th century. The spelling "calendar" is from Early Modern English.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: An alternative hypothesis connects "calendar" with "koledari" in Slavic, pre-Christian tradition, which was later incorporated into Christmas. "Kolo" means "circle, cycle" and "dar" means "a gift".

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: A number of prehistoric structures have been proposed as having had the purpose of timekeeping (typically keeping track of the course of the solar year). This includes many megalithic structures, and reconstructed arrangements going back far into the Neolithic period.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: In Victoria, Australia, a Wurdi Youang stone arrangement could date back more than 11,000 years. This estimate is based on the inaccuracy of the calendar, which is consistent with how the Earth's supposed orbit is thought to have changed during that time. The site is found near the world's oldest known site of permanent aquaculture.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: A ceramic artefact from Bulgaria, known as the Slatino furnace model, dated to roughly 5,000 BC, has been pronounced by local archaeologists and media to be the oldest known calendar representation, a claim not endorsed in mainstream views.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: A mesolithic arrangement of twelve pits and an arc found in Warren Field, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, dated to roughly 8,000 BC, has been described as a lunar calendar and was dubbed the "world's oldest known calendar" in 2013.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Vučedol culture archeological findings in Vinkovci in modern-day Croatia included a ceramic vessel dated to 2,600 BC bearing inscribed ideograms of celestial objects, that was interpreted as an astral calendar, the oldest one in Europe that shows the year starting at the dusk of the first day of spring.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: Old Persian inscriptions and tablets indicate that early Iranians used a 360-day calendar based on the solar observation directly and modified for their beliefs. Days were not named. The months had two or three divisions depending on the phase of the moon. Twelve months of 30 days were named for festivals or activities of the pastoral year. A 13th month was added every six years to keep the calendar synchronized with the seasons.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The first calendars based on Zoroastrian cosmology appeared in the later Achaemenid period (650 to 330 BC). They evolved over the centuries, but month names changed little until now.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: Khayyam measured the length of the year as 365.24219858156 days. Two comments on this result. Firstly it shows an incredible confidence to attempt to give the result to this degree of accuracy. We know now that the length of the year is changing in the sixth decimal place over a person's lifetime. Secondly it is outstandingly accurate. For comparison the length of the year at the end of the 19th century was 365.242196 days, while today it is 365.242190 days.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The table of Greek Olympiads, following the four-year cycles between the Olympic Games from 1 July 776 BC, continued until the end of the 4th century AD. The Babylonian Era of Nabonassar, beginning on 26 February 747 BC, was used by the Greeks of Alexandria. It was later known in the Middle Ages from the works of Ptolemy.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Greek calendars were greatly diversified by the Hellenistic period, with separate traditions in every Greek state. Of primary importance for the reconstruction of the regional Greek calendars is the calendar of Delphi, because of the numerous documents found there recording the manumission of slaves, many of which are dated both in the Delphian and in a regional calendar.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Macedonian Era of the Seleucids, which began with the conquest of Babylon by Seleucus Nicator in 312 BC. It became widely used in the Levant. The Jews knew it as the "era of contracts", and used it in Europe until the 15th century.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: Most of the regional Hindu calendars are inherited from a system standardized in classical Hindu astronomy as adopted via Indo-Greek transmission in the final centuries BC, and reformed by Gupta era astronomers such as Āryabhaṭa and Varāhamihira.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Jyotisha text "Brahma-siddhanta", probably composed in the 5th century AD, discusses how to use the movement of planets, sun and moon to keep time and calendar. This text also lists trigonometry and mathematical formulae to support its theory of orbits, predict planetary positions and calculate relative mean positions of celestial nodes and apsides. The text is notable for presenting very large integers, such as 4.32 billion years as the lifetime of the current universe.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: Water clock and sun dials are mentioned in many ancient Hindu texts such as the Arthashastra. The Jyotisha texts present mathematical formulae to predict the length of day time, sun rise and moon cycles.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Hindu calendars have been in use in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times, and remain in use by the Hindus in India and Nepal, particularly to set Hindu festival dates. Early Buddhist and Jain communities of India adopted the ancient Hindu calendar, later Vikrami calendar and then local Buddhist calendars. Buddhist and Jain festivals continue to be scheduled according to a lunar system in the luni-solar calendar.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: Marcus Terentius Varro introduced the "Ab urbe condita" epoch, assuming a foundation of Rome in 753 BC. The system remained in use during the early Middle Ages until the widespread adoption of the Dionysian era in the Carolingian period.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: In the Roman Empire, the AUC year could be used alongside the consular year, so that the consulship of Quintus Fufius Calenus and Publius Vatinius could be determined as 707 AUC (or 47 BC), the third consulship of Caius Julius Caesar, with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, as 708 AUC (or 46 BC), and the fourth consulship of Gaius Julius Caesar as 709 AUC (or 45 BC).

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The seven-day week has a tradition reaching back to the ancient Near East, but the introduction of the "planetary week" which remains in modern use dates to the Roman Empire period (see also names of the days of the week).

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Icelandic calendar was introduced in the 10th century. While the ancient Germanic calendars were based on lunar months, the new Icelandic calendar introduced a purely solar reckoning, with a year having a fixed number of weeks (52 weeks or 364 days). This necessitated the introduction of "leap weeks" instead of the Julian leap days.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: In 1267, the medieval scientist Roger Bacon stated the times of full moons as a number of hours, minutes, seconds, thirds, and fourths ("horae", "minuta", "secunda", "tertia", and "quarta") after noon on specified calendar dates. Although a third for of a second remains in some languages, for example Arabic ثالثة, the modern second is further divided decimally.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: Rival calendar eras to "Anno Domini" remained in use in Christian Europe. In Spain, the "Era of the Caesars" was dated from Octavian's conquest of Iberia in 39 BC. It was adopted by the Visigoths and remained in use in Catalonia until 1180, Castille until 1382 and Portugal until 1415.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Islamic calendar is based on the prohibition of intercalation ("nasi"') by Muhammad, in Islamic tradition dated to a sermon held on 9 Dhu al-Hijjah AH 10 (Julian date: 6 March 632). This resulted in an observationally based lunar calendar shifting relative to the seasons of the solar year.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The ancient Taichu calendar of China was refined in the medieval period. The Dàmíng Calendar (), created in the Liang dynasty by Zu Chongzhi, introduced the equinoxes. The use of a syzygy to determine the lunar month was first described in the Tang dynasty Wùyín Yuán Calendar ().

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Yuan dynasty (13th/14th century) Shòushí calendar () used spherical trigonometry to find the length of the tropical year. This calendar had a 365.2425-day year, identical to the Gregorian calendar.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: A number of other epichoric calendars are tentatively reconstructed for the medieval period. Such reconstructions are mostly limited to a list of month names, as is the case with the pre-Christian Germanic calendar as well as with the Bulgar calendar, which was supposedly in use among the Bulgars in the 10th century, as reconstructed from the 15th-century "Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans".

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: Of all the ancient calendar systems, the Maya and other Mesoamerican systems are the most complex. The Mayan calendar had two years, the 260-day Sacred Round, or "tzolkin", and the 365-day Vague Year, or "haab".

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The Sacred Round of 260 days is composed of two smaller cycles: the numbers 1 through 13, coupled with 20 different day names: Imix, Ik, Akbal, Kan, Chicchan, Cimi, Manik, Lamat, Muluc, Oc, Chuen, Eb, Ben, Ix, Men, Cib, Caban, Eiznab, Cauac, and Ahau. The Sacred Round was used to determine important activities related to the gods and humans: name individuals, predict the future, decide on auspicious dates for battles, marriages, and so on.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: The two cycles of 13 and 20 intermesh and are repeated without interruption: the cycle would begin with 1 Imix, then 2 Ik, then 3 Akbal and so on until the number 13 was reached, at which point the number cycle was restarted so 13 Ben would be followed by 1 Ix, 2 Men and so on. This time Imix would be numbered 8. The cycle ended after 260 days, with the last day being 13 Ahau.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: While the Gregorian calendar is now in worldwide use for secular purposes, various medieval or ancient calendars remain in regional use for religious or social purposes, including the Julian calendar, the Hebrew calendar, the Islamic calendar, various Hindu calendars, the Zoroastrian calendar, etc.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


History of calendars

Context: There are also various modern calendars that see limited use, either created for the use of new religious movements or reformed versions of older religious calendars, or calendars introduced by regionalist or nationalist movements.

Question: Kuka on keksinyt kuukaudet?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: Sri Lanka, formerly called "Ceylon", is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, southeast of the Indian subcontinent, in a strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. The nation has a total area of , with of land and of water. Its coastline is long. The main island of Sri Lanka has an area of 65,268 km2; it is the twenty-fifth largest island in the world by area. Dozens of offshore islands account for the remaining 342 km2 area. The largest offshore island, Mannar Island, leads to Adam's Bridge.

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: Adam's Bridge, a land connection to the Indian mainland, is now mostly submerged with only a chain of limestone shoals remaining above sea level. According to temple records, this natural causeway was formerly complete, but was breached by a violent storm (probably a cyclone) in 1480. The formation is also known as "Rama's Bridge", as according to Hindu mythology, it was constructed during the rule of Lord Rama.

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: Sri Lanka's climate includes tropical monsoons: the northeast monsoon (December to March), and the southwest monsoon (June to October). Its terrain is mostly low, flat to rolling plain, with mountains in the south-central interior. The highest point is Pidurutalagala at . Natural resources include limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: Extensive faulting and erosion over time have produced a wide range of topographic features. Three zones are distinguishable by elevation: the Central Highlands, the plains, and the coastal belt.

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: An increase in average rainfall coupled with heavier rainfall events has resulted in recurrent flooding and related damages to infrastructure, utility supply and the urban economy.

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: Humidity is typically higher in the southwest and mountainous areas and depends on the seasonal patterns of rainfall. At Colombo, for example, daytime humidity stays above 70% all year, rising to over 90% percent during the monsoon season in June. Anuradhapura experiences a daytime low of 60% during the intermonsoonal month of March, but a high of 79% during the November and December rains. In the highlands, Kandy's daytime humidity usually ranges between 70 and 79%.

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: In the wet zone, the dominant vegetation of the lowlands is a tropical evergreen forest, with tall trees, broad foliage, and a dense undergrowth of vines and creepers. Subtropical evergreen forests resembling those of temperate climates flourish in the higher altitudes. Montane vegetation at the highest altitudes tends to be stunted and windswept.

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: The dominant pattern of human settlement during the last 2,500 years has consisted of village farming communities. Even in the 1980s, the majority of people lived in small villages and worked at agricultural pursuits. Traditional farming techniques and life-styles revolve around two types of farming--"wet" and "dry"—depending upon the availability of water.

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: Land use (2018): 20.7% arable land, 15.8% permanent crops, 7% permanent pasture, 29.4% forest, 27.1% other.

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Geography of Sri Lanka

Context: deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching and urbanization; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff; waste disposal; air pollution in Colombo

Question: Mikä on Sri Lankan pinta-ala?


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: During its initial run, "Beavis and Butt-Head" received critical acclaim for its satirical, scathing commentary on society. It produced various other media, including the theatrical film "Beavis and Butt-Head Do America" in 1996. Its sequel, "Beavis and Butt-Head Do the Universe", was released on June 23, 2022 on Paramount+.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: Most episodes integrate sequences where Beavis and Butt-Head watch music videos and offer commentary. They prefer videos with "explosions, loud guitars, screaming and death", and favor rock bands such as the Butthole Surfers, Corrosion of Conformity and Metallica.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: In 1993, "Rolling Stone" described "Beavis and Butt-Head" as the "biggest phenomenon on MTV since the heyday of Michael Jackson". In "Time", Kurt Andersen wrote that "Beavis and Butt-Head" "may be the bravest show ever run on national television". In 1997, Judge said the show was "my reaction to the whole fringe aspects of the political correctness movement".

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: Beavis and Butt-Head became pop culture icons and their sniggering and dialogue became catchphrases. In 2011, MTV aired an eighth season. A theatrical film, "Beavis and Butt-Head Do America," was released in 1996; it opened at number one at the US box office and grossed more than $60 million. A second film, "Beavis and Butt-Head Do the Universe", was released in 2022 on the streaming service Paramount+.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: During its original run, "Beavis and Butt-Head" was MTV's highest rated show. It was one of the most popular series when it premiered in 1993.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: In December 2005, "TV Guide" ranked the duo's distinct laughing at #66 on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Quotes and Catchphrases. In 2012, "TV Guide" ranked "Beavis and Butt-Head" as one of the top 60 Greatest TV Cartoons of All Time.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: The show was blamed for the death of two-year-old Jessica Matthews in Moraine, Ohio, in October 1993. The girl's five-year-old brother, Austin Messner, set fire to his mother's mobile home with a cigarette lighter, killing the two-year-old. The mother later claimed that her son watched an episode in which the characters said "fire was fun". However, the neighbors stated that the family did not even have cable television and would thus be unable to view the show.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: When the series returned in 2011, MTV allowed Beavis to use the word "fire" once again uncensored. During the first video segment, "Werewolves of Highland", the first new episode of the revival, Beavis utters the word "fire" a total of seven times within 28 seconds, with Butt-Head saying it once as well.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: MTV also responded by broadcasting the program after 11:00 p.m. and included a disclaimer, reminding viewers:

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: Beavis and Butt-Head are not real. They are stupid cartoon people completely made up by this Texas guy whom we hardly even know. Beavis and Butt-Head are dumb, crude, thoughtless, ugly, sexist, self-destructive fools. But for some reason, the little wienerheads make us laugh.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: Beavis and Butt-Head are not role models. They're not even human. They're cartoons. Some of the things they do would cause a person to get hurt, expelled, arrested, possibly deported. To put it another way: don't try this at home.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: This disclaimer also appears before the opening of their Sega Genesis and Super NES games as well as their Windows game "Beavis and Butt-Head in Virtual Stupidity".

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: In March 2018, Judge told Rotten Tomatoes that the idea of doing a second "Beavis and Butt-Head" movie had been brought up two months prior, saying "It's just a matter of coming up with an idea that feels like it's worth doing." In July 2019, Judge again reiterated interest in a potential movie, stating, "I've got some ideas. I think it would have to be something that makes it relevant today. I think I might've figured out a way to do that." He further stated that he would probably direct it.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: On January 4, 2022, Judge tweeted some drawings of older versions of Beavis and Butt-Head. The next month, it was announced that the film would be titled "Beavis and Butt-Head Do the Universe". The film was released June 23, 2022.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: In May 2008, Judge stated that he previously hated the idea of producing a live-action film, but had come to believe that "maybe there's something there." He also revealed that Johnny Depp had expressed interest in the role of Beavis, having imitated the character while Marlon Brando imitated Butt-Head during the production of "Don Juan DeMarco" (1995). He also stated in an interview that "Seann William Scott's kinda got Butt-Head eyes."

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: In 2016, Judge told "Radio Times" "Maybe it could be a live-action someday", then went on to speculate that Beavis might be homeless by now.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: On July 28, 2016, it was reported that VH1 Classic was to be rebranded as MTV Classic on August 1, 2016 on the 35th anniversary of the original MTV. With a focus on 1990s programming, "Beavis and Butt-Head" were a major part of this alongside "Daria" and "Æon Flux" at the launch; they were also a major focus in the promotion of the re-brand. MTV Classic only broadcast episodes from the 2011 reboot. However, it and all non-music video programming only lasted a few months before being pulled.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: Comedy Central aired the show as part of their animation block over Christmas in December 2011 but was not picked up for a new season or syndication. This would be the second time the show aired on Comedy Central, the first being between subsequent airings in 2004 and 2005.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: MTV Home Video, in collaboration with Sony Music Entertainment, released several episodes of the show on VHS from 1995 through 1999. A total of eleven VHS compilation tapes were released in the U.S., U.K. and Australia, each containing around eight episodes, but without the music video segments from the original broadcastings. These include the "Beavis and Butt-Head Do Christmas" and "Butt-O-Ween" specials, which were given stand-alone releases.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: The "Beavis and Butt-Head" home video releases did very well in the UK often charting on the official TV video chart. Some weeks would have various releases simultaneously chart and would spend several consecutive weeks on the official TV home video charts.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: The series continued in Australia and U.K., with a further ten volumes being issued between 1999 and 2001.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: When the series ended in the U.K., a further seven volumes were issued exclusively in Australia, meaning that, overall 28 volumes, all 200 original episodes were released on VHS except "Heroes", "Incognito", "Cow Tipping", "Canoe" and "True Crime".

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: A single LaserDisc volume titled "Beavis and Butt-Head: The Essential Collection" was released on June 27, 1995. It contains all the episodes from "Work Sucks!" on one side and the episodes from "There Goes the Neighborhood" on the other side. The volumes "The Final Judgment" and "Beavis & Butt-Head Do Christmas" were also released on DVD during the early days of the format.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: All of the U.S. VHS Volumes were later issued on DVD in five two-disc sets through the Time Life organization. The DVD releases were titled "The Best of Beavis and Butt-Head". The third DVD release of "Beavis and Butt-Head" was two series of three-disc sets released by Time-Life in December 2002.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: The first set in the series contained the same program content of six of the "Beavis and Butt-Head" VHS compilations previously released by Sony Music Video from 1994 to 1999: "Butt-O-Ween", "Beavis and Butt-Head Do Christmas", "Innocence Lost", "Chicks 'n' Stuff", "Feel Our Pain" and "Troubled Youth", with two VHS compilations combined into a single disc. The set was advertised considerably on networks such as Comedy Central and on the Time-Life website.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: MTV and Paramount Home Entertainment released on November 8, 2005, a three-disc DVD compilation titled "", Volume 1. The DVD set includes 40 episodes and 11 music video segments from the original shows. The set was followed by Volume2 and Volume3. On January 27, 2008, MTV and Apple made all three collections available on the iTunes Store. A Blu-ray and DVD release of Season 8, titled "Beavis and Butt-Head – Volume 4", was released on February 15, 2012, in the U.S.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: From 1994 to 1996, Marvel Comics published a monthly "Beavis and Butt-Head" comic under the Marvel Absurd imprint by a variety of writers, but with each issue drawn by artist Rick Parker. It was also reprinted by Marvel UK, which created new editorial material.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: The letters page was answered by Beavis and Butt-Head or one of their supporting characters. As a comic counterpart to the cartoon's music-video riffing segments, they reviewed (custom-made) pages from other Marvel Comics. In their review of a Ghost Rider comic, Beavis tries to avoid using the word "fire" to describe the character's fiery skull.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: In the comic, minor characters like Earl, Billy Bob, Clark Cobb, and Mistress Cora Anthrax would get repeated appearances; Earl was quite regular, and Anthrax was in two issues and got to answer a letters page.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: A CD, "The Beavis and Butt-Head Experience", was released featuring many hard rock and heavy metal bands such as Megadeth, Primus, Nirvana and White Zombie. Moreover, Beavis and Butt-Head do a duet with Cher on "I Got You Babe" and a track by themselves called "Come to Butt-Head". The track with Cher also resulted in a music video directed by Tamra Davis and Yvette Kaplan.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: The Beavis and Butt-Head duet with Cher on "I Got You Babe" was released as a single in the UK, Australia, Europe and the US, the UK CD had a special limited edition sticker to promote "The Beavis and Butt-Head Experience" available with the release. On January 15, 1994, the song charted at number 35 in the UK charts and stayed on the charts for 4 weeks. On December 4, 1993, the song charted on the official "Billboard" charts in the US peaking at number 8.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: The single also charted at number 69 in Australia, 19 in Belgium, 18 in Denmark, 69 on the European Hot 100, 9 on the Netherlands Dutch Top 40, 10 on the Netherlands top 100 and number 40 in Sweden.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: In 2019, Gauselmann Group's UK-based games studio Blueprint Gaming launched the Beavis and Butt-Head online slot game. The game features moments and scenes from the TV show and film.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Beavis and Butt-Head

Context: The branded game was among the 10 most exposed slot games in UK online casinos days after its release in late May 2019.

Question: Kuka on luonut Beavis & Butthead animaatiohahmot?_


Seismology

Context: Scholarly interest in earthquakes can be traced back to antiquity. Early speculations on the natural causes of earthquakes were included in the writings of Thales of Miletus (c. 585 BCE), Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 550 BCE), Aristotle (c. 340 BCE), and Zhang Heng (132 CE).

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: In the 17th century, Athanasius Kircher argued that earthquakes were caused by the movement of fire within a system of channels inside the Earth. Martin Lister (1638 to 1712) and Nicolas Lemery (1645 to 1715) proposed that earthquakes were caused by chemical explosions within the earth.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: The Lisbon earthquake of 1755, coinciding with the general flowering of science in Europe, set in motion intensified scientific attempts to understand the behaviour and causation of earthquakes. The earliest responses include work by John Bevis (1757) and John Michell (1761). Michell determined that earthquakes originate within the Earth and were waves of movement caused by "shifting masses of rock miles below the surface."

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: From 1857, Robert Mallet laid the foundation of instrumental seismology and carried out seismological experiments using explosives. He is also responsible for coining the word "seismology."

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: In 1897, Emil Wiechert's theoretical calculations led him to conclude that the Earth's interior consists of a mantle of silicates, surrounding a core of iron.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: In 1906 Richard Dixon Oldham identified the separate arrival of P-waves, S-waves and surface waves on seismograms and found the first clear evidence that the Earth has a central core.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: In 1909, Andrija Mohorovičić, one of the founders of modern seismology, discovered and defined the Mohorovičić discontinuity. Usually referred to as the "Moho discontinuity" or the "Moho," it is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle. It is defined by the distinct change in velocity of seismological waves as they pass through changing densities of rock.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: In 1910, after studying the April 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Harry Fielding Reid put forward the "elastic rebound theory" which remains the foundation for modern tectonic studies. The development of this theory depended on the considerable progress of earlier independent streams of work on the behavior of elastic materials and in mathematics.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: In 1926, Harold Jeffreys was the first to claim, based on his study of earthquake waves, that below the mantle, the core of the Earth is liquid.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: By the 1960s, Earth science had developed to the point where a comprehensive theory of the causation of seismic events and geodetic motions had come together in the now well-established theory of plate tectonics.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: Seismic waves are elastic waves that propagate in solid or fluid materials. They can be divided into "body waves" that travel through the interior of the materials; "surface waves" that travel along surfaces or interfaces between materials; and "normal modes", a form of standing wave.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: One of the first attempts at the scientific study of earthquakes followed the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Other notable earthquakes that spurred major advancements in the science of seismology include the 1857 Basilicata earthquake, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, and the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: Processing readings from many seismometers using seismic tomography, seismologists have mapped the mantle of the earth to a resolution of several hundred kilometers. This has enabled scientists to identify convection cells and other large-scale features such as the large low-shear-velocity provinces near the core–mantle boundary.

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Seismology

Context: Seismological instruments can generate large amounts of data. Systems for processing such data include:

Question: Mitä seismologian tieteenala käsittelee?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: Pool is a classification of cue sports played on a table with six pockets along the , into which balls are deposited. Each specific pool game has its own name; some of the better-known include eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: Under World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) official equipment specifications, pool balls have a diameter of and weighbfrom with a diameter of , plus or minus . Modern coin-operated pool tables generally use one of three methods to distinguish and return the cue ball to the front of the table while the numbered balls return to an inaccessible receptacle until paid for again: the cue ball is larger and heavier than the other balls, or denser and heavier, or has a magnetic core.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: Modern cue sticks are generally long for pool while cues prior to 1980 were designed for straight pool and had an average length of . By comparison, carom billiards cues are generally shorter with larger tips, and snooker cues longer with smaller tips.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: These are games descended from the early 19th century games of pyramid pool and fifteen-ball pool which required balls to be racked due to the large number of them on the table. Of the other pyramid traditions of Continental Europe, only Russian pyramid survives. Snooker, originally known as snooker's pool, can be considered a member of this family. One-pocket initially did not require a rack, it was originally played with just three balls.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: The largest nine-ball tournaments are the US Open Nine-ball Championship and the WPA World Nine-ball Championship for men and women. A hotly contested event is the annual Mosconi Cup, which pits invitational European and U.S. teams against each other in one-on-one and nine-ball matches over a period of several days. The Mosconi Cup games are played under the more stringent European rules, as of 2007.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: Artistic pool is the competitive discipline of trick shots inspired by its carom equivalent. Played on pool or snooker tables, players must complete a set number of shots of varying difficulty.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: Cowboy pool and bottle pool are games involving only a few balls which are placed at specific spots on the table. Elements of their games go back to the eighteenth century before balls needed to be racked. Bottle pool shares traits with pin billiards games such as Danish pin billiards. Cowboy pool is a descendant of English billiards. Kaisa is a similar game played with different equipment.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


Pool (cue sports)

Context: The WPA represents pool in the World Confederation of Billiards Sports, which in turn represents all forms of cue sports (including carom billiards and snooker) in the International Olympic Committee.

Question: Kuinka montaa palloa poolissa käytetään?


It (2017 film)

Context: In October 1988, twelve-year-old Bill Denbrough crafts a paper sailboat for Georgie, his six-year-old brother. Georgie sails the boat along the rainy streets of small town Derry, Maine, only to have it fall down a storm drain. As he attempts to retrieve it, Georgie sees a clown in the drain, who introduces himself as "Pennywise the Dancing Clown". Pennywise entices Georgie to come closer, then rips his arm off and drags him into the sewer.

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


It (2017 film)

Context: As summer ends, Beverly informs the group of a vision she had while catatonic, where she saw them fighting It again as adults. The Losers swear a blood oath that they will return to Derry as adults if It returns. After the others make their goodbyes and disperse, Beverly and Bill discuss her leaving the next day to live with her aunt in Portland. Before she leaves, Bill reveals his feelings and they kiss.

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


It (2017 film)

Context: A shy, overweight boy with a crush on Beverly, who relays the incidents of Derry's past to his friends. On the character of Hanscom, Muschietti spoke of him knowing a situation of despair, on top of the terror of It and the fear of heights, and added, "Ben is bullied at school."

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


It (2017 film)

Context: The innocent, energetic 7-year-old brother of Bill Denbrough, whose death at the hands of Pennywise results in the next summer's events.

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


It (2017 film)

Context: The project was in ongoing development since 2009. The proposed film adaptation has gone through two major phases of planning: initially with Cary Fukunaga from 2009 to 2015, with the early contributions of screenwriter David Kajganich, and with Andy Muschietti, with Fukunaga remaining in some capacity due to prior screenplay contributions.

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


It (2017 film)

Context: On May 5, 2016, in an interview with "Collider", David Kajganich expressed uncertainty as to whether drafts of his original screenplay would be used by Dauberman and Muschietti, with the writer stating, "We know there's a new director, I don't know myself whether he's going back to any of the previous drafts or writing from scratch. I may not know until the film comes out. I don't know how it works! If you find out let me know."

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


It (2017 film)

Context: "It" is a loss of innocence story with fear, mortality and survivalist themes. Muschietti remarked of the film's elements of coming of age and issues of mortality, wherein he states such themes are prevalent in King's book, though that in reality these occur in a more progressive way, "There's a passage in "It" that reads, 'Being a kid is learning how to live and being an adult is learning how to die.' There's a bit of a metaphor of that and it just happens in a very brutal way, of course."

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


It (2017 film)

Context: In North America, "It" was released alongside "Home Again", "9/11", "The Good Catholic", and "Gun Shy", and "Deadline Hollywood" reported a projected gross of around $50 million in its opening weekend. However, many analysts considered that the movie would overperform ever since the release of the trailer post-CinemaCon.

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


It (2017 film)

Context: The film, however, was not without criticism, as some critics were disappointed with the film's implementation of jump scares.

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


It (2017 film)

Context: Filming had officially begun on June 19, 2018, and concluded in November 2018. The film took 86 days shoot.

Question: Onko Bill Skarsgård mukana Se -elokuvassa?


Context: Churchill was born at Colombo, British Ceylon to Alec Fleming "Alex" Churchill (1876–1961), later of Hove, East Sussex and Elinor Elizabeth, daughter of John Alexander Bond Bell, of Kelnahard, County Cavan, Ireland, and of Dimbula, Ceylon. Alec, of a family long settled at Deddington, Oxfordshire, had been District Engineer in the Ceylon Civil Service, in which his father, John Fleming Churchill (1829–1894), had also served. Soon after Jack's birth, the family returned to Dormansland, Surrey, where his younger brother, Major-General Thomas Bell Lindsay Churchill (1907–1990), C.B., C.B.E., M.C. was born. In 1910, the Churchills moved to Hong Kong when Alec Fleming Churchill was appointed as Director of Public Works; he also served as a member of the Executive Council. The Churchills' third and youngest son, Robert Alec Farquhar Churchill—later a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy and Fleet Air Arm—was born in Hong Kong in 1911. The family returned to England in 1917.

Jack Churchill


Context: The five largest religious groups by world population, estimated to account for 5.8 billion people and 84% of the population, are Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism (with the relative numbers for Buddhism and Hinduism dependent on the extent of syncretism) and traditional folk religion.

Religion


Context: Rachel Barbra Berry (Lea Michele) is the lead character and is a "strong, driven" member of the glee club, who is misunderstood by her peers. Michele took the role in "Glee" because of Rachel's characterization, explaining: "Not only is she a singer, but she has so much heart—I think it's what we need on TV." Michele described the first thirteen episodes of the series as: "Rachel's journey of finding herself within the glee club", explaining that: "She's learning how to be a team player and work within this group."

List of Glee characters


Context: Killzone is a series of first-person shooter and twin sticks shooter video games for Sony Computer Entertainment's (SCE) video game consoles. The main series and the PlayStation Portable (PSP) installment were developed by Guerrilla Games, a subsidiary of SCE, and the PlayStation Vita installment was developed by Guerrilla Cambridge. "Killzone" consists of six games, beginning on the PlayStation 2 in November 2004 with "Killzone", and continued on the PlayStation Portable in October 2006 with "". "Killzone 2" was released for the PlayStation 3 in February 2009, and "Killzone 3" was released in February 2011, also for the PlayStation 3. "" was released for the PlayStation Vita in September 2013, followed by "Killzone Shadow Fall", a launch title for the PlayStation 4, in November 2013.

Killzone (series)


Context: The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States; it came into being in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant to William Penn, the son of the state's namesake. Part of Pennsylvania (along the Delaware River), together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden. It was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12, 1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the state's largest city of Philadelphia. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washington's headquarters during the bitter winter of 1777–78.

Pennsylvania


Context: In June 2012, shortly before her 90th birthday, Sheila Sim entered the professional actors' retirement home Denville Hall, for which she and Attenborough had helped raise funds. In October 2012, it was announced that Attenborough was putting the family home, Old Friars, with its attached offices, Beaver Lodge, which come complete with a sound-proofed cinema in the garden, on the market for £11.5 million. His brother David stated: "He and his wife both loved the house, but they now need full-time care. It simply isn't practical to keep the house on any more." In December 2012, in light of his deteriorating health, Attenborough moved into the same nursing home in London to be with his wife, as confirmed by their son Michael.

Richard Attenborough


Context: In early ancient Greek, the adjective ' (, from the privative ἀ- + "god") meant "godless". It was first used as a term of censure roughly meaning "ungodly" or "impious". In the 5th century BCE, the word began to indicate more deliberate and active godlessness in the sense of "severing relations with the gods" or "denying the gods". The term ἀσεβής (') then came to be applied against those who impiously denied or disrespected the local gods, even if they believed in other gods. Modern translations of classical texts sometimes render ' as "atheistic". As an abstract noun, there was also ('), "atheism". Cicero transliterated the Greek word into the Latin "". The term found frequent use in the debate between early Christians and Hellenists, with each side attributing it, in the pejorative sense, to the other.

Atheism


Context: Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of television signals, including the sound channel, using digital encoding, in contrast to the earlier television technology, analog television, in which the video and audio are carried by analog signals. It is an innovative advance that represents the first significant evolution in television technology since color television in the 1950s. Digital TV transmits in a new image format called HDTV (high definition television), with greater resolution than analog TV, in a wide screen aspect ratio similar to recent movies in contrast to the narrower screen of analog TV. It makes more economical use of scarce radio spectrum space; it can transmit multiple channels, up to 7, in the same bandwidth occupied by a single channel of analog television, and provides many new features that analog television cannot. A transition from analog to digital broadcasting began around 2006 in some countries, and many industrial countries have now completed the changeover, while other countries are in various stages of adaptation. Different digital television broadcasting standards have been adopted in different parts of the world; below are the more widely used standards:

Digital television


List of Glee characters


Context: Birdland marked the peak of Weather Report's commercial career with the release of "Heavy Weather". With the addition of Jaco Pastorius, the band was able to push its music to the "height of its popularity", and with that came "Birdland." "Birdland" served as a tribute to the famous New York City jazz club that hosted many famous jazz musicians, which operated on Broadway from 1949 through 1965. This was the club, which he frequented almost daily, where Zawinul heard Count Basie, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Miles Davis. It was also where he met his wife, Maxine. Looking back, Zawinul claimed, "The old Birdland was the most important place in my life." The song was also named in honor of the man after whom the club was named, Charlie Parker, the 'Bird' himself.

Birdland (song)


Context: Cipollini was born in Lucca, Tuscany. He came from a cycling family – his father, Vivaldo, had been a successful amateur racer in his youth, whilst his brother Cesare had raced as a professional and his sister Tiziana had also competed as a cyclist. Mario was a prolific winner in his youth career, scoring a total of 125 victories in age group and amateur races before joining the professional peloton in 1989.

Mario Cipollini


Context: Takahashi was born September 18, 1953, in Higashinaruse, Akita. He was very interested in drawing coming of age related themes, and, in the 1960s, started publishing small comics in several newspapers and magazines. His first manga was "Shitamachi Benkei", but his breakthrough came in 1984 when he published the popular manga "Ginga: Nagareboshi Gin", also known as Silver Fang, or Silver Fang Legend Gin, the story about a dog who goes in search of other dogs to fight a bear named Akakabuto. He got the idea in 1980 when he read an article about domestic dogs that ran away from their owners and lived as wild dogs in the mountains. The pure idea fascinated him, which led him to create the manga about the puppy. In 1987, the series won the Shogakukan Manga Award for shōnen manga.

Yoshihiro Takahashi


Context: China has had civil servants since at least the Zhou Dynasty. However, most high ranking positions were filled by relatives of the sovereign and the nobility. It was not until the Tang Dynasty when the final form of the mandarin was completed with the replacement of the nine-rank system. The mandarins were the founders and core of the Chinese gentry. A governmental office (for example, a central government department or a provincial civil governorate) headed by a mandarin is called a "yamen". The mandarins were replaced with a modern civil service after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.

Mandarin (bureaucrat)


Context: The term 'nominalism' stems from the Latin "nomen", "name". For example, John Stuart Mill once wrote, that "there is nothing general except names".

Nominalism


Context: Ouzo (, ) is a dry anise-flavoured aperitif that is widely consumed in Greece, Cyprus, Lebanon and Israel. Its taste is similar to other anise liquors like "rakı", pastis and sambuca.

Ouzo


Context: The broad position of "functionalism" can be articulated in many different varieties. The first formulation of a functionalist theory of mind was put forth by Hilary Putnam in the 1960s. This formulation, which is now called machine-state functionalism, or just machine functionalism, was inspired by the analogies which Putnam and others noted between the mind and the theoretical "machines" or computers capable of computing any given algorithm which were developed by Alan Turing (called Turing machines). It should be noted that Putnam himself, by the mid-1970s, had begun questioning this position. The beginning of his opposition to machine-state functionalism can be read about in his Twin Earth thought experiment.

Functionalism (philosophy of mind)


Context: The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association (NHA). Founded in 1909, the NHA began play one year later with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. But by the NHA's eighth season, a series of disputes with Toronto Blueshirts owner Eddie Livingstone led team owners of the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, and Quebec Bulldogs to hold a meeting to discuss the league's future. Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, and on November 26, 1917, formed the National Hockey League. Frank Calder was chosen as its first president, serving until his death in 1943.

National Hockey League


Context: Winston Churchill had Montgomery promoted to field marshal by way of compensation. In September 1944, Montgomery ordered Crerar and his First Canadian Army to take the French ports on the English Channel, namely Calais, Boulogne and Dunkirk. On 4 September, Antwerp, the third largest port in Europe was captured by Horrocks, with its harbour mostly intact. The "Witte Brigade" (White Brigade) of the Belgian resistance had captured the Port of Antwerp, before the Germans could destroy the port. Antwerp was a deep water inland port connected to the North Sea via the river Scheldt. The Scheldt was wide enough and dredged deep enough to allow the passage of ocean-going ships.

Bernard Montgomery


Context: WWF is the world's largest conservation organization with over five million supporters worldwide, working in more than 100 countries, supporting around 1,300 conservation and environmental projects. They have invested over $1 billion in more than 12,000 conservation initiatives since 1995. WWF is a foundation with 55% of funding from individuals and bequests, 19% from government sources (such as the World Bank, DFID, USAID) and 8% from corporations in 2014.

World Wide Fund for Nature


Context: The wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten took place on 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey in London. Philip had been made Duke of Edinburgh on the morning of the wedding.

Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten


Context: Thrasyllus of Mendes (; ), also known as Thrasyllus of Alexandria and by his Roman citizenship name Tiberius Claudius Thrasyllus (; fl. second half of the 1st century BC and first half of the 1st century – died 36,), was an Egyptian Greek grammarian and literary commentator. Thrasyllus was an astrologer and a personal friend of the Roman emperor Tiberius, as mentioned in the "Annals" by Tacitus and "The Twelve Caesars" by Suetonius.

Thrasyllus of Mendes


Context: A member of parliament (MP) is the representative of the voters to a parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this category includes specifically members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title. Member of Congress is an equivalent term in other jurisdictions.

Member of parliament


Context: Sanoma publishes the newspaper "Helsingin Sanomat" (its circulation of 412,000 making it the largest), the tabloid "Ilta-Sanomat", the commerce-oriented "Taloussanomat" and the television channel Nelonen. The other major publisher Alma Media publishes over thirty magazines, including the newspaper "Aamulehti", tabloid "Iltalehti" and commerce-oriented "Kauppalehti". Worldwide, Finns, along with other Nordic peoples and the Japanese, spend the most time reading newspapers.

Finland


Context: Lost is an American drama television series that originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes. The show contains elements of supernatural and science fiction, and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, after the plane crashes on a mysterious tropical island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean. The story is told in a heavily serialized manner. Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island, augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved character(s).

Lost (TV series)


Context: Moomin mugs are a series of collectible mugs with Moomin characters, manufactured by the Finnish ceramics brand Arabia. The mugs are designed by Tove Slotte, with the images based on original drawings by cartoonists Tove and Lars Jansson. The mug itself is a ceramics mug of the series "Teema", designed by Kaj Franck in the late 1970s.

Moomin mugs


Context: Humans have a multitude of sensors. Sight (vision), hearing (audition), taste (gustation), smell (olfaction), and touch (somatosensation) are the five traditionally recognized senses. The ability to detect other stimuli beyond those governed by these most broadly recognized senses also exists, and these sensory modalities include temperature (thermoception), kinesthetic sense (proprioception), pain (nociception), balance (equilibrioception), vibration (mechanoreception), and various internal stimuli (e.g. the different chemoreceptors for detecting salt and carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood, or sense of hunger and sense of thirst). However, what constitutes a sense is a matter of some debate, leading to difficulties in defining what exactly a distinct sense is, and where the borders lie between responses to related stimuli.

Sense


Context: 1918 is a 1957 Finnish war film directed by Toivo Särkkä. It was entered into the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.

1918 (1957 film)


Context: Nintendo is one of the world's biggest video game development companies, having created several successful franchises. Because of its storied history, the developer employs a methodical system of software and hardware development that is mainly centralized within its offices in Kyoto and Tokyo, in cooperation with its division Nintendo of America in Redmond, Washington. The company also owns several worldwide subsidiaries and funds partner affiliates that contribute technology and software for the Nintendo brand.

List of Nintendo development teams


Context: The flag of Nigeria was designed in 1959 and first officially hoisted on 1 October 1960. The flag has three vertical bands of green, white, green. The two  green stripes represent Nigeria’s natural wealth, while the white band represents peace.

Flag of Nigeria


Context: The Mannerheim Cross of Liberty (Finnish: "Mannerheim-risti," Swedish: "Mannerheimkorset") is the most esteemed Finnish military decoration. The medal, inspired by the Old-Scandinavian Fylfot, was introduced after the Winter War and named after Field Marshal Gustaf Mannerheim. The decoration was awarded to soldiers for exceptional bravery, for the achievement of crucially important objectives by combat, or for especially successfully conducted operations.

Mannerheim Cross


Context: The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head.  The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of white matter. The cortex is split into the neocortex and the much smaller allocortex. The neocortex is made up of six neuronal layers, while the allocortex has three or four. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. The frontal lobe is associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought, while the occipital lobe is dedicated to vision. Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor and association regions. Although the left and right hemispheres are broadly similar in shape and function, some functions are associated with one side, such as language in the left and visual-spatial ability in the right. The hemispheres are connected by commissural nerve tracts, the largest being the corpus callosum.

Human brain


Context: Keke Rosberg's fifth and final Grand Prix victory came at the 1985 Australian Grand Prix on the brand new Adelaide Street Circuit. As it was the final race of the season, it was also Rosberg's final race for Williams. Keke gave the winners trophy to his race engineer, Frank Dernie. The win enhanced Rosberg's reputation as a "street fighter" as four of his five championship Grand Prix wins (Monaco, Dallas, Detroit and Adelaide) had all come on street circuits. Amazingly in Adelaide, Rosberg handled the 35°C heat better than most and won by 43 seconds from the Ligier Renaults of Jacques Laffite and Philippe Streiff.

Keke Rosberg


Context: Epirus has historically been a remote and isolated region due to its location between the Pindus mountains and the sea. In antiquity, the Roman Via Egnatia passed through Epirus Nova, which linked Byzantium and Thessalonica to Dyrrachium on the Adriatic Sea. The modern Egnatia highway, which links Ioannina to the Greek province of Macedonia and terminating at Igoumenitsa, is the only highway through the Pindus mountains and has served to greatly reduce the region's isolation from the east, while the Ionia highway, connecting Epirus with Western Greece, helped reducing the region's isolation from the south. Also, the Aktio-Preveza Undersea Tunnel connects the southernmost tip of Epirus, near Preveza, with Aetolia-Acarnania in western Greece. Ferry services from Igoumenitsa to the Ionian islands and Italy exist. The only airport in Epirus is the Ioannina National Airport, while the Aktion National Airport is located just south of Preveza in Aetolia-Acarnania. There are no railroads in Epirus.

Epirus


Context: On 30 January 1906, she transferred her crew to the battleship and recommissioned with yet another crew for service in the Chatham Reserve. In June 1906, she participated in combined manoeuvres of the Atlantic Fleet, Channel Fleet, and Reserve Fleet, but in the process collided with her sister ship , suffering stern damage. As a result, her propellers were disabled. In November 1906, her crew was transferred once more to the battleship . In March 1907, "Ramillies" was recommissioned at Devonport with a reduced crew into the Special Service Division of the Home Fleet. In October 1910, she became Parent Ship in the Home Fleet's 4th Division. Her sister ship relieved her of her parent ship duties in June 1911 and she was placed on the material reserve at Devonport in August 1911. She was stripped and laid up ready for disposal in July 1913, before being auctioned off for scrap on 7 October 1913; the buyer, George Cohen, of Swansea, paid £42,300 for her. She was resold to an Italian company, which in November 1913 towed her to Italy to be broken up.

HMS Ramillies (1892)


Context: The term "Afrikaner" presently denotes the politically, culturally and socially dominant group among white South Africans, or the Afrikaans-speaking population of Dutch origin—although their original progenitors also included smaller numbers of Flemish, French Huguenot, and German immigrants. Historically, the terms "burgher" and "Boer" have both been used to describe white Afrikaans speakers as a group; neither is particularly objectionable but Afrikaner has been considered a more appropriate term. The term was in common usage in both the Boer republics and the Cape Colony by the late nineteenth century. At one time, "burghers" merely denoted "Cape Dutch", settlers who were influential in the administration, able to participate in urban affairs, and did so regularly. "Boers" often referred to the settled European farmers or nomadic cattle herders. During the Batavian Republic, "burgher" was popularised among Dutch communities both at home and abroad as a popular revolutionary form of address, or "citizen". In South Africa, it remained in use as late as the Second Boer War.

Afrikaners


Context: The areas of the municipalities vary, as the population is the primary criterion for forming a municipality. The largest municipalities in size are found in Lapland, of which the largest is Inari at (130 km square). The smallest municipalities are very small towns. Kaskinen is an independent town with a land area of only . Kauniainen, which was originally a corporation in Espoo, is only .

Municipalities of Finland


Context: Johanson–Blizzard syndrome (JBS) is a rare, sometimes fatal autosomal recessive multisystem congenital disorder featuring abnormal development of the pancreas, nose and scalp, with mental retardation, hearing loss and growth failure. It is sometimes described as a form of ectodermal dysplasia.

Johanson–Blizzard syndrome


Context: This is a listing of World War II battles occurring Northern Africa and is sometimes known as the "Desert War". This includes the campaigns in Egypt and Libya (often referred to as the "Western Desert Campaign" or the "Egypt-Libya Campaign") and those campaigns in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia (usually referred to as the "North African Campaign". This is not a comprehensive list of all engagements and generally does not cover isolated skirmishes of units smaller than a Company in size.

List of North African Campaign battles


Context: The city's rapid population growth in the late 20th century was primarily a result of Norway's booming offshore oil industry. Today the oil industry is a key industry in the Stavanger region and the city is widely referred to as the Oil Capital of Norway. The largest company in the Nordic region, Norwegian energy company Statoil is headquartered in Stavanger. Multiple educational institutions for higher education are located in Stavanger. The largest of these is the University of Stavanger.

Stavanger


Context: Vaudeville (; ) is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment born in France at the end of the 1700s. A vaudeville is a comedy without psychological or moral intentions, based on a comical situation. It was originally a kind of dramatic composition or light poetry, usually a comedy, interspersed with songs or ballets. It became popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880s until the early 1930s, but the idea of Vaudeville's theatre changed radically from its French antecedent.

Vaudeville


Context: The Cook Islands (Cook Islands Māori: "Kūki 'Āirani") is a self-governing island country in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand. It comprises 15 islands whose total land area is . The Cook Islands' Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers of ocean.

Cook Islands


Context: In 1946 she was reduced to reserve status and laid up at Portsmouth. She was placed on the disposal list in 1957 and sold. She was scrapped by McLennan, arriving at their yard at Bo'Ness on 21 October 1957.

HMS Belvoir (L32)


Context: With Germany launching and into service, Britain did not want to be left behind in the shipbuilding race. White Star Line began construction on their 80,000-ton "Oceanic" in 1928, while Cunard planned a 75,000-ton unnamed ship of their own. Construction on the ship, then known only as "Hull Number 534", began in December 1930 on the River Clyde by the John Brown & Company shipyard at Clydebank in Scotland. Work was halted in December 1931 due to the Great Depression and Cunard applied to the British Government for a loan to complete 534. The loan was granted, with enough money to complete the unfinished ship, and also to build a running mate, with the intention to provide the weekly service to New York with just two ships.

RMS Queen Mary


Context: Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people . Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). The capital is Astana, where it was moved in 1997 from Almaty, the country's largest city.

Kazakhstan


Context: The Battle of Madagascar was the British campaign to capture the Vichy French-controlled island Madagascar during World War II. The seizure of the island by the British was to deny Madagascar's ports to the Imperial Japanese Navy and to prevent the loss or impairment of the Allied shipping line. It began with Operation Ironclad, the seizure of the port of Diego Suarez near the northern tip of the island, on 5 May 1942.

Battle of Madagascar


Context: Thrace (; Modern , "Thráki"; , "Trakiya"; ) is a geographical and historical area in Southeast Europe, now split between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south and the Black Sea to the east. It comprises southeastern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), northeastern Greece (Western Thrace) and the European part of Turkey (East Thrace).

Thrace


Context: How and when horses became domesticated is disputed. The clearest evidence of early use of the horse as a means of transport is from chariot burials dated c. 2000 BCE. However, an increasing amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that horses were domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes approximately 3500 BCE; recent discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse.

Domestication of the horse


Context: 83 of the 100 largest Finnish companies have their headquarters in Greater Helsinki. Two-thirds of the 200 highest-paid Finnish executives live in Greater Helsinki and 42% in Helsinki. The average income of the top 50 earners was 1.65 million euro.

Helsinki


Context: The official religion in Bhutan is Vajrayana Buddhism. Bhutan is a Buddhist country by constitution and Buddhism play a vital role in the country. Buddhism is the cultural heritage of Bhutan and its people's identity as well. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the King. Approximately 75 percent of the population of 770,000 follow either the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school, the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism or another school of Buddhism. The remaining 25 percent, mainly Lhotshampas, practice Hinduism.

Religion in Bhutan


Context: The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity. Viruses are considered by some to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce, and evolve through natural selection, but lack key characteristics (such as cell structure) that are generally considered necessary to count as life. Because they possess some but not all such qualities, viruses have been described as "organisms at the edge of life", and as replicators.

Virus


Context: In 1921 the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created. This republic was dissolved in 1945, and the Crimea became an oblast first of the Russian SSR (1945–1954) and then the Ukrainian SSR (1954–1991). From 1991 the territory was covered by the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol City within independent Ukraine. However, during the 2014 Crimean crisis, the peninsula was taken over by Russia and a referendum on whether to rejoin Russia was held. Shortly after the result in favour of joining Russia was announced, Crimea was annexed by the Russian Federation as two federal subjects: the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol.

History of Crimea


Context: Alcibiades was born in Athens. His father was Cleinias, who had distinguished himself in the Persian War both as a fighter himself and by personally subsidizing the cost of a trireme. The family of Cleinias had old connections with the Spartan aristocracy through a relationship of "xenia", and the name "Alcibiades" was of Spartan origin. Alcibiades' mother was Deinomache, the daughter of Megacles, head of the powerful Alcmaeonid family, and could trace her family back to Eurysaces and the Telamonian Ajax. Alcibiades thereby, through his mother, belonged to the powerful and controversial family of the Alcmaeonidae; the renowned Pericles and his brother Ariphron were Deinomache's cousins, as her father and their mother were siblings. His maternal grandfather, also named Alcibiades, was a friend of Cleisthenes, the famous constitutional reformer of the late 6th century BC. After the death of Cleinias at the Battle of Coronea (447 BC), Pericles and Ariphron became his guardians.

Alcibiades


Context: The Caprimulgiformes is an order of birds that includes a number of birds with global distribution (except Antarctica). They are generally insectivorous and nocturnal. The order gets its name from the Latin for "goat-milker", an old name based on an erroneous view of the European nightjar's feeding habits.

Caprimulgiformes


Context: Herman Daly defines his concept of a steady-state economy as an economic system made up of a constant stock of physical wealth (capital) and a constant stock of people (population), both stocks to be maintained by a flow of natural resources through the system. The first component, the constant stocks, is similar to the concept of the "stationary state", originally used in classical economics; the second component, the flow of natural resources, is a new ecological feature, presently also used in the academic discipline of ecological economics. The "durability" of both of the constant stocks is to be maximized: The more durable the stock of capital is, the smaller the flow of natural resources is needed to maintain the stock; likewise, a 'durable' population means a population enjoying a high life expectancy — something desirable by itself — maintained by a low birth rate and an equally low death rate. Taken together, higher durability translates into better ecology in the system as a whole.

Steady-state economy


Context: In addition to the 15 games released as part of the main (numbered) series and their many spin-offs and related titles, the "Final Fantasy" series has spawned many works in other media including anime, movies, novels and manga, and radio dramas. "", originally a stand-alone anime series, now has its own sub-franchise which includes video games. Many games, particularly the main series, have soundtrack album releases featuring their music in different arrangements. Square Enix has also consistently released companion books for its games which provide additional backstory and plot information, as well as detailed walkthroughs for the game. Since the announcement of "Compilation of Final Fantasy VII", Square Enix has focused on "polymorphic content", expanding each game world with material on many video game platforms, as well as other forms of media.

List of Final Fantasy media


Context: William Pitt the Younger (28 May 1759 – 23 January 1806) was a prominent British Tory statesman of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He became the youngest British prime minister in 1783 at the age of 24. He left office in 1801, but was Prime Minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer for most of his time as Prime Minister. He is known as "the Younger" to distinguish him from his father, William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, called "William Pitt the Elder" or simply "Chatham", who had previously served as Prime Minister.

William Pitt the Younger


Context: Auto Union AG, Chemnitz, was an amalgamation of four German automobile manufacturers, founded in 1932 and established in 1936 in Chemnitz, Saxony. It is the immediate predecessor of Audi as it is known today.

Auto Union


Context: Valve was founded by former longtime Microsoft employees Gabe Newell and Mike Harrington on August 24, 1996, as Valve, L.L.C., based in Kirkland, Washington. Alternative names explored by Newell and Harrington include "Fruitfly Ensemble" and "Rhino Scar". Harrington left the company in 2000. In 2003, the company moved from its original location to Bellevue, Washington, and re-incorporated as Valve Corporation. In 2010, the office was moved again to a larger location in Bellevue. In 2016, Valve signed a nine-floor lease in the Lincoln Square complex in downtown Bellevue, doubling the size of their offices.

Valve Corporation


Context: The Gujarati language is more than 700 years old and is spoken by more than 55 million people worldwide. Outside of Gujarat, Gujarati is spoken in many other parts of South Asia by Gujarati migrants, especially in Mumbai and Pakistan (mainly in Karachi). Gujarati is also widely spoken in many countries outside South Asia by the Gujarati diaspora. In North America, Gujarati is one of the fastest growing and most widely-spoken Indian languages in Canada and the United States. In Europe, Gujaratis form the second largest of the British South Asian speech communities, and Gujarati is the fourth most commonly spoken language in the U.K.'s capital London. Gujarati is also spoken in Southeast Africa, particularly in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia and South Africa. Elsewhere, Gujarati is spoken to a lesser extent in China (particularly Hong Kong), Indonesia, Singapore, Australia and Middle Eastern countries such as Bahrain.

Gujarati language