Wound healing

Context: In the 2000s, there were proposed the first Mathematical models of the healing process, based on simplified assumptions and on a system of differential equations solved through MATLAB. The data shed an experimental evidence for which the "rate of the healing process" appears to be "highly influenced by the activity and size of the injury itself as well as the activity of the healing agent."

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: Multipotent adult stem cells have the capacity to be self-renewing and give rise to different cell types. Stem cells give rise to progenitor cells, which are cells that are not self-renewing, but can generate several types of cells. The extent of stem cell involvement in cutaneous (skin) wound healing is complex and not fully understood. Stem cell injection leads to wound healing primarily through stimulation of angiogenesis.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: It is thought that the epidermis and dermis are reconstituted by mitotically active stem cells that reside at the apex of rete ridges (basal stem cells or BSC), the bulge of hair follicles (hair follicular stem cell or HFSC), and the papillary dermis (dermal stem cells). Moreover, bone marrow may also contain stem cells that play a major role in cutaneous wound healing.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: An injury is an interruption of morphology and/or functionality of a given tissue. After injury, structural tissue heals with incomplete or complete regeneration. Tissue without an interruption to the morphology almost always completely regenerates. An example of complete regeneration without an interruption of the morphology is non-injured tissue, such as skin. Non-injured skin has a continued replacement and regeneration of cells which always results in complete regeneration.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: There is a subtle distinction between 'repair' and 'regeneration'. "Repair" means "incomplete regeneration". Repair or incomplete regeneration, refers to the physiologic adaptation of an organ after injury in an effort to re-establish continuity without regards to exact replacement of lost/damaged tissue.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: "Scarless wound healing" is a concept based on the healing or repair of the skin (or other tissue/organs) after injury with the aim of healing with subjectively and relatively "less" scar tissue than normally expected. Scarless healing is sometimes mixed up with the concept of "scar free healing," which is wound healing which results in absolutely no scar ("free" of scarring). However they are different concepts.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: The etymology of the term scarless wound healing has a long history. In print the antiquated concept of scarless healing was brought up the early 20th century and appeared in a paper published in the London Lancet. This process involved cutting in a surgical slant, instead of a right angle...; it was described in various Newspapers.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: After inflammation, restoration of normal tissue integrity and function is preserved by feedback interactions between diverse cell types mediated by adhesion molecules and secreted cytokines. Disruption of normal feedback mechanisms in cancer threatens tissue integrity and enables a malignant tumor to escape the immune system. An example of the importance of the wound healing response within tumors is illustrated in work by Howard Chang and colleagues at Stanford University studying Breast cancers.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: Preliminary results are promising for the short and long-term use of oral collagen supplements for wound healing and skin aging. Oral collagen supplements also increase skin elasticity, hydration, and dermal collagen density. Collagen supplementation is generally safe with no reported adverse events. Further studies are needed to elucidate medical use in skin barrier diseases such as atopic dermatitis and to determine optimal dosing regimens.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: Modern wound dressing to aid in wound repair have undergone considerable research and development in recent years. Scientists aim to develop wound dressings which have the following characteristics:

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: Cotton gauze dressings have been the standard of care, despite their dry properties that can adhere to wound surfaces and cause discomfort upon removal. Recent research has set out to improve cotton gauze dressings to bring them closer in line to achieve modern wound dressing properties, by coating cotton gauze wound dressing with a chitosan/Ag/ZnO nanocomposite. These updated dressing provide increase water absorbency and improved antibacterial efficacy.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: The growth of tissue can be simulated using the aforementioned relationships from a biochemical and biomechanical point of view. The biologically active chemicals that play an important role in wound healing are modeled with Fickian diffusion to generate concentration profiles. The balance equation for open systems when modeling wound healing incorporates mass growth due to cell migration and proliferation. Here the following equation is used:

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: where "ρ" represents mass density, "R" represents a mass flux (from cell migration), and "R0" represents a mass source (from cell proliferation, division, or enlargement). Relationships like these can be incorporated into an agent-based models, where the sensitivity to single parameters such as initial collagen alignment, cytokine properties, and cell proliferation rates can be tested.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: Successful wound healing is dependent on various cell types, molecular mediators and structural elements.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: Primary intention is the healing of a clean wound without tissue loss. In this process, wound edges are brought together, so that they are adjacent to each other (re-approximated). Wound closure is performed with sutures (stitches), staples, or adhesive tape or glue.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: Primary intention can only be implemented when the wound is precise and there is minimal disruption to the local tissue and the epithelial basement membrane, e.g. surgical incisions.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Wound healing

Context: This process is faster than healing by secondary intention. There is also less scarring associated with primary intention, as there are no large tissue losses to be filled with granulation tissue, though some granulation tissue will form.

Question: ما هى الجسيمات المسؤولة عن إلتئام الجروح ؟


Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah

Context: Al-Mallah was born in Aleppo. He graduated from the Galatasaray Mekteb-i Sultanisi (Galatasaray Imperial School) in Constantinople, in 1876.

Question: متى توفي مرعي باشا الملاّح ؟


Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah

Context: He represented Aleppo in the Ottoman Parliament of 1908, and served as the last Ottoman Interim Governor of the Province of Aleppo. Following the Ottoman collapse, al-Mallah contributed to the foundation of the first modern Arab state in Syria under King Faysal I, became the governor of occupied Zor, and was elected Deputy Speaker of the Syrian National Congress (1919–1920). Finally, he was named Governor General of the State of Aleppo (1924–1926) under the French Mandate of Syria .

Question: متى توفي مرعي باشا الملاّح ؟


Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah

Context: Al-Mallah acquired the rank of beylerbey, which corresponds to the rank of lieutenant general, from Sultan Abdulhamid II and was awarded several Ottoman, French and Syrian decorations.

Question: متى توفي مرعي باشا الملاّح ؟


Golden Age

Context: The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, particularly the "Works and Days" of Hesiod, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages, Gold being the first and the one during which the Golden Race of humanity ( "chrýseon génos") lived. After the end of the first age was the Silver, then the Bronze, after this the Heroic age, with the fifth and current age being Iron.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: In classical Greek mythology, the Golden Age was presided over by the leading Titan Cronus. In some versions of the myth Astraea also ruled. She lived with men until the end of the Silver Age. But in the Bronze Age, when men became violent and greedy, she fled to the stars, where she appears as the constellation Virgo, holding the scales of Justice, or Libra.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: European pastoral literary tradition often depicted nymphs and shepherds as living a life of rustic innocence and peace, set in Arcadia, a region of Greece that was the abode and center of worship of their tutelary deity, goat-footed Pan, who dwelt among them.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: [Men] lived like gods without sorrow of heart, remote and free from toil and grief: miserable age rested not on them; but with legs and arms never failing they made merry with feasting beyond the reach of all devils. When they died, it was as though they were overcome with sleep, and they had all good things; for the fruitful earth unforced bare them fruit abundantly and without stint. They dwelt in ease and peace.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: Plato in his "Cratylus" referred to an age of golden men and also at some length on Ages of Man from Hesiod's "Works and Days". The Roman poet Ovid simplified the concept by reducing the number of Ages to four: Gold, Bronze, Silver, and Iron. Ovid's poetry was likely a prime source for the transmission of the myth of the Golden Age during the period when Western Europe had lost direct contact with Greek literature.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: Writing in Latin during the turbulent period of revolutionary change at the end of the Roman Republic (roughly between 44 and 38 BCE), the poet Virgil moved the setting for his pastoral imitations of Theocritus back to an idealized Arcadia in Greece, thus initiating a rich and resonant tradition in subsequent European literature.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: Virgil, moreover, introduced into his poetry the element of political allegory, which had been largely absent in Theocritus, even intimating in his fourth Eclogue that a new Golden Age of peace and justice was about to return:

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: This view, which identifies a State of Nature with the celestial harmony of which man's nature is (or should be, if properly regulated) a microcosm, reflects the Hellenistic cosmology that prevailed among literate classes of Virgil's era. It is seen again in Ovid's "Metamorphoses" (7 CE), in which the lost Golden Age is depicted as a place and time when, because nature and reason were harmoniously aligned, men were naturally good:

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: The Graeco-Roman concept of the "natural man" delineated by Ovid and many other classical writers, was especially popular during the Deistically inclined 18th century. It is often erroneously attributed to Rousseau, who did not share it.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: In his famous essay, "Et in Arcadia ego: Poussin and the Elegiac Tradition", Erwin Panofsky remarks how in ancient times, "that particular not overly opulent, region of central Greece, Arcady, came to be universally accepted as an ideal realm of perfect bliss and beauty, a dream incarnate of ineffable happiness, surrounded nevertheless with a halo of 'sweetly sad' melancholy":

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: Arcady, as we encounter it in all modern literature, and as we refer to it in our daily speech, falls under the heading of “soft" or golden-age primitivism. To be sure, this real Arcady was the domain of Pan, who could be heard playing the syrinx on Mount Maenalus; and its inhabitants were famous for their musical accomplishments as well as for their ancient lineage, rugged virtue, and rustic hospitality.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: There are analogous concepts in the religious and philosophical traditions of the South Asian subcontinent. For example, the Vedic or ancient Hindu culture saw history as cyclical, each cycle composed of four "yugas" (ages)"Satya Yuga" (Golden Age), "Treta Yuga" (Silver Age), "Dvapara Yuga" (Bronze Age) and "Kali Yuga" (Iron Age)correspond to the four Greek ages. Similar beliefs occur in the ancient Middle East and throughout the ancient world, as well.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: There is a reference to a succession of kingdoms in Nebuchadnezzar's dream in Daniel 2, in decreasing order identified as gold, silver, bronze, iron and finally mixed iron and clay.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: The Indian teachings differentiate the four world ages ("yugas") not according to metals, but according to dharmic qualities (virtues), where the first age starts with the most and the last age ends with the least. The end is followed by a new cycle ("Yuga Cycle") of the same four ages: "Satya Yuga" (golden age), "Treta Yuga", "Dvapara Yuga", and "Kali Yuga" (dark age), of which we are currently in "Kali Yuga".

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: In "Satya Yuga", knowledge, meditation, and communion with spirit hold special importance. Most people engage only in good, sublime deeds and mankind lives in harmony with the Earth. Ashrams become devoid of wickedness and deceit. "Natyam" (such as Bharatanatyam), according to "Natya Shastra", did not exist in the "Satya Yuga" "because it was the time when all people were happy".

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: Men neither bought nor sold; there were no poor and no rich; there was no need to labour, because all that men required was obtained by the power of will; the chief virtue was the abandonment of all worldly desires. The "Krita Yuga" was without disease; there was no lessening with the years; there was no hatred or vanity, or evil thought whatsoever; no sorrow, no fear. All mankind could attain to supreme blessedness.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: The Old Norse word "gullaldr" (literally "Golden Age") was used in Völuspá to describe the period after Ragnarök, where the surviving gods and their progeny build the city Gimlé on the ruins of Asgard. In this period, Baldr reigns.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: In modern fantasy worlds, whose background and setting sometimes draw heavily on real-world myths, similar or compatible concepts of a Golden Age exist in the said world's prehistory; when deities or elf-like creatures existed, before the coming of humans.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Golden Age

Context: Another example is in the background of the "Lands of Lore" classic computer game, where the history of the Lands is divided in Ages. One of them is also called the Golden Age, a time when the Lands were ruled by the 'Ancients', and there were no wars. This age ended with the 'War of the Heretics'.

Question: ماهو العصر الذهبي ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: The lunatic asylum (alternatively mental asylum or insane asylum) was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: The fall of the lunatic asylum and its eventual replacement by modern psychiatric hospitals explains the rise of organized, institutional psychiatry. While there were earlier institutions that housed the "insane", the conclusion that institutionalization was the correct solution to treating people considered to be "mad" was part of a social process in the 19th century that began to seek solutions outside for families and local communities.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: A similar reform was carried out in Italy by Vincenzo Chiarugi, who discontinued the use of chains on the inmates in the early 19th century. In the town of Interlaken, Johann Jakob Guggenbühl started a retreat for mentally disabled children in 1841.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: In 1838, France enacted a law to regulate both the admissions into asylums and asylum services across the country. Édouard Séguin developed a systematic approach for training individuals with mental deficiencies, and, in 1839, he opened the first school for the "severely retarded". His method of treatment was based on the assumption that the mentally deficient did not suffer from disease.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: Looking into the late 19th and early 20th century history of the Homewood Retreat of Guelph, Ontario, and the context of commitments to asylums in North America and Great Britain, Cheryl Krasnick Warsh states that "the kin of asylum patients were, in fact, the major impetus behind commitment, but their motivations were based not so much upon greed as upon the internal dynamics of the family, and upon the economic structure of western society in the 19th and early 20th centuries."

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: Based on her study of cases from the Homewood Retreat, Cheryl Krasnick Warsh concludes that "the realities of the household in late Victorian and Edwardian middle class society rendered certain elements—socially redundant women in particular—more susceptible to institutionalization than others."

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: In the 18th to the early 20th century, women were sometimes institutionalised due to their opinions, their unruliness and their inability to be controlled properly by a primarily male-dominated culture. There were financial incentives too; before the passage of the Married Women's Property Act 1882, all of a wife's assets passed automatically to her husband.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: In 1887, journalist Nellie Bly had herself committed to the Blackwell's Island Insane Asylum in New York City, in order to investigate conditions there. Her account was published in the "New York World" newspaper, and in book form as "Ten Days in a Mad-House".

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: In 1902, Margarethe von Ende , wife of the German arms manufacturer Friedrich Alfred Krupp, was consigned to an insane asylum by Kaiser Wilhelm II, a family friend, when she asked him to respond to reports of her husband's gay orgies on Capri.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: In continental Europe, universities often played a part in the administration of the asylums. In Germany, many practising psychiatrists were educated in universities associated with particular asylums. However, because Germany remained a loosely bound conglomerate of individual states, it lacked a national regulatory framework for asylums.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: William A. F. Browne (1805–1885) introduced activities for patients including writing, art, group activity and drama, pioneered early forms of occupational therapy and art therapy, and initiated one of the earliest collections of artistic work by patients, at Montrose Asylum.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: The eugenics movement of the early 20th century led to a number of countries enacting laws for the compulsory sterilization of the "feeble minded", which resulted in the forced sterilization of numerous psychiatric inmates. As late as the 1950s, laws in Japan allowed the forcible sterilization of patients with psychiatric illnesses.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: Under Nazi Germany, the Aktion T4 euthanasia program resulted in the killings of thousands of the mentally ill housed in state institutions. In 1939, the Nazis secretly began to exterminate the mentally ill in a euthanasia campaign. Around 6,000 disabled babies, children and teenagers were murdered by starvation or lethal injection.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: In a monolithic state, psychiatry can be used to bypass standard legal procedures for establishing guilt or innocence and allow political incarceration without the ordinary odium attaching to such political trials. In Nazi Germany in the 1940s, the 'duty to care' was violated on an enormous scale: A reported 300,000 individuals were sterilised and 100,000 killed in Germany alone, as were many thousands further afield, mainly in Eastern Europe.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: From the 1960s up to 1986, political abuse of psychiatry was reported to be systematic in the Soviet Union, and to surface on occasion in other Eastern European countries such as Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. A "mental health genocide" reminiscent of the Nazi aberrations has been located in the history of South African oppression during the apartheid era. A continued misappropriation of the discipline was subsequently attributed to the People's Republic of China.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: The discovery of the mood stabilizing effect of lithium carbonate by John Cade in 1948 would eventually revolutionise the treatment of bipolar disorder, although its use was banned in the United States until the 1970s.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: By the beginning of the 20th century, ever-increasing admissions had resulted in serious overcrowding. Funding was often cut, especially during periods of economic decline, and during wartime in particular many patients starved to death. Asylums became notorious for poor living conditions, lack of hygiene, overcrowding, and ill-treatment and abuse of patients.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: The first community-based alternatives were suggested and tentatively implemented in the 1920s and 1930s, although asylum numbers continued to increase up to the 1950s. The movement for deinstitutionalisation came to the fore in various Western countries in the 1950s and 1960s.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: The prevailing public arguments, time of onset, and pace of reforms varied by country. Class action lawsuits in the United States, and the scrutiny of institutions through disability activism and antipsychiatry, helped expose the poor conditions and treatment. Sociologists and others argued that such institutions maintained or created dependency, passivity, exclusion and disability, causing people to be institutionalised.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: There was an argument that community services would be cheaper. It was suggested that new psychiatric medications made it more feasible to release people into the community.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: There were differing views on deinstitutionalization, however, in groups such as mental health professionals, public officials, families, advocacy groups, public citizens and unions.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: In Hong Kong, a number of residential care services such as half-way houses, long-stay care homes, and supported hostels are provided for the discharged patients. In addition, a number of community support services such as Community Rehabilitation Day Services, Community Mental Health Link, Community Mental Health Care, etc. have been launched to facilitate the re-integration of patients into the community.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: Countries where deinstitutionalisation has happened may be experiencing a process of "re-institutionalisation" or relocation to different institutions, as evidenced by increases in the number of supported housing facilities, forensic psychiatric beds and rising numbers in the prison population.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: There were some references to instances of helpful aspects or kindnesses despite the system. Participants were offered counselling to help them deal with their experiences, and advice on their rights, including access to records and legal redress.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: In several South American countries, the total number of beds in asylum-type institutions has decreased, replaced by psychiatric inpatient units in general hospitals and other local settings.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: At the beginning of the 19th century, there were, perhaps, a few thousand "lunatics" housed in a variety of disparate institutions; but, by the beginning of the 20th century, that figure had grown to about 100,000. This growth coincided with the development of "alienism," now known as psychiatry, as a medical specialty.

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


Lunatic asylum

Context: The United States has experienced two waves of deinstitutionalization. Wave one began in the 1950s and targeted people with mental illness. The second wave began roughly fifteen years after and focused on individuals who had been diagnosed with a developmental disability (e.g. Intellectual Disability).

Question: متى أنشئت أول مصحة للأمراض النفسية ؟


List of Mediterranean countries

Context: While not having a coastline in the Mediterranean, Portugal, Andorra, San Marino, Vatican City, Kosovo, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Jordan are often included on the list of Mediterranean countries. Such classification is mostly based on their geographical, economic, geopolitical, historical, ethnic and cultural (language, art, music, cuisine) ties to the region as a whole. Other factors include climate and flora.

Question: كم عدد الدول المطلة على البحر الابيض المتوسط ؟


List of Mediterranean countries

Context: Below is the list of the countries and territories bordering the Mediterranean, listed clockwise from Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula:

Question: كم عدد الدول المطلة على البحر الابيض المتوسط ؟


Origins of Judaism

Context: The origins of Judaism lie in the Bronze Age amidst polytheistic ancient Semitic religions, specifically evolving out of the polytheistic ancient Canaanite religion, then co-existing with Babylonian religion, and syncretizing elements of Babylonian belief into the worship of Yahweh as reflected in the early prophetic books of the Hebrew Bible.

Question: ما هو منشأ اليهودية؟


Origins of Judaism

Context: During the Babylonian captivity of the 6th and 5th centuries BCE (Iron Age II), certain circles within the exiled Judahites in Babylon refined pre-existing ideas about their Yahweh-centric monolatrism, election, divine law, and Covenant into a strict monotheistic theology which came to dominate the former Kingdom of Judah in the following centuries.

Question: ما هو منشأ اليهودية؟


Origins of Judaism

Context: From the 5th century BCE until 70 CE, Israelite religion developed into the various theological schools of Second Temple Judaism, besides Hellenistic Judaism in the diaspora. Second Temple eschatology has similarities with Zoroastrianism. The text of the Hebrew Bible was redacted into its extant form in this period and possibly also canonized as well.

Question: ما هو منشأ اليهودية؟


Origins of Judaism

Context: The Iron Age kingdoms of Israel (or Samaria) and Judah first appear in the 9th century BCE. The two kingdoms shared Yahweh as the national god of their respective kingdom, for which reason their religion is commonly called Yahwism.

Question: ما هو منشأ اليهودية؟


Origins of Judaism

Context: Other neighbouring Canaanite kingdoms of the time each also had their own national god from the Canaanite pantheon of gods: Chemosh was the god of Moab, Milcom the god of the Ammonites, Qaus the god of the Edomites, and so on. In each kingdom the king was his national god's viceroy on Earth.

Question: ما هو منشأ اليهودية؟


Origins of Judaism

Context: The various national gods were more or less equal, reflecting the fact that kingdoms themselves were more or less equal, and within each kingdom a divine couple, made up of the national god and his consort – Yahweh and the goddess Asherah in Israel and Judah – headed a pantheon of lesser gods.

Question: ما هو منشأ اليهودية؟


Origins of Judaism

Context: For centuries, the traditional understanding has been that Judaism came before Christianity and that Christianity separated from Judaism some time after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. Starting in the latter half of the 20th century, some scholars have begun to argue that the historical picture is quite a bit more complicated than that.

Question: ما هو منشأ اليهودية؟


Origins of Judaism

Context: The Amoraim were the Jewish scholars of Late Antiquity who codified and commented upon the law and the biblical texts. The final phase of redaction of the Talmud into its final form took place during the 6th century CE, by the scholars known as the Savoraim. This phase concludes the Chazal era foundational to Rabbinical Judaism.

Question: ما هو منشأ اليهودية؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Today, Van Gogh's works are among the world's most expensive paintings to have ever sold, and his legacy is honoured by a museum in his name, the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, which holds the world's largest collection of his paintings and drawings.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: The most comprehensive primary source on Van Gogh is the correspondence between him and his younger brother, Theo. Their lifelong friendship, and most of what is known of Vincent's thoughts and theories of art, are recorded in the hundreds of letters they exchanged from 1872 until 1890. Theo van Gogh was an art dealer and provided his brother with financial and emotional support as well as access to influential people on the contemporary art scene.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: To support his religious conviction and his desire to become a pastor, in 1877, the family sent him to live with his uncle Johannes Stricker, a respected theologian, in Amsterdam. Van Gogh prepared for the University of Amsterdam theology entrance examination; he failed the exam and left his uncle's house in July 1878. He undertook, but also failed, a three-month course at a Protestant missionary school in Laken, near Brussels.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Poverty may have pushed Sien back into prostitution; the home became less happy and Van Gogh may have felt family life was irreconcilable with his artistic development. Sien gave her daughter to her mother and baby Willem to her brother. Willem remembered visiting Rotterdam when he was about 12, when an uncle tried to persuade Sien to marry to legitimise the child. He believed Van Gogh was his father, but the timing of his birth makes this unlikely. Sien drowned herself in the River Scheldt in 1904.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: In September 1883, Van Gogh moved to Drenthe in the northern Netherlands. In December driven by loneliness, he went to live with his parents, then in Nuenen, North Brabant.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Van Gogh painted several groups of still lifes in 1885. During his two-year stay in Nuenen, he completed numerous drawings and watercolours and nearly 200 oil paintings. His palette consisted mainly of sombre earth tones, particularly dark brown, and showed no sign of the vivid colours that distinguished his later work.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: After seeing the portrait of Adolphe Monticelli at the Galerie Delareybarette, Van Gogh adopted a brighter palette and a bolder attack, particularly in paintings such as his "Seascape at Saintes-Maries" (1888). Two years later, Vincent and Theo paid for the publication of a book on Monticelli paintings, and Vincent bought some of Monticelli's works to add to his collection.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: In March 1888 he painted landscapes using a gridded "perspective frame"; three of the works were shown at the annual exhibition of the Société des Artistes Indépendants. In April, he was visited by the American artist Dodge MacKnight, who was living nearby at Fontvieille. On 1 May 1888, for 15 francs per month, he signed a lease for the eastern wing of the Yellow House at 2 place Lamartine. The rooms were unfurnished and had been uninhabited for months.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Van Gogh wrote that with "The Night Café" he tried "to express the idea that the café is a place where one can ruin oneself, go mad, or commit a crime". When he visited Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer in June, he gave lessons to a Zouave second lieutenant – – and painted boats on the sea and the village. MacKnight introduced Van Gogh to Eugène Boch, a Belgian painter who sometimes stayed in Fontvieille, and the two exchanged visits in July.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: When Gauguin agreed to visit Arles in 1888, Van Gogh hoped for friendship and the realisation of his idea of an artists' collective. While waiting, in August he painted "Sunflowers". When Boch visited again, Van Gogh painted a portrait of him, as well as the study "The Poet Against a Starry Sky."

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: In preparation for Gauguin's visit, Van Gogh bought two beds on advice from the station's postal supervisor Joseph Roulin, whose portrait he painted. On 17 September, he spent his first night in the still sparsely furnished Yellow House. When Gauguin consented to work and live in Arles with him, Van Gogh started to work on the "Décoration for the Yellow House," probably the most ambitious effort he ever undertook. He completed two chair paintings: "Van Gogh's Chair" and "Gauguin's Chair."

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Van Gogh and Gauguin visited Montpellier in December 1888, where they saw works by Courbet and Delacroix in the Musée Fabre. Their relationship began to deteriorate; Van Gogh admired Gauguin and wanted to be treated as his equal, but Gauguin was arrogant and domineering, which frustrated Van Gogh. They often quarrelled; Van Gogh increasingly feared that Gauguin was going to desert him, and the situation, which Van Gogh described as one of "excessive tension", rapidly headed towards crisis point.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Van Gogh gave his 1889 "Portrait of Doctor Félix Rey" to Dr Rey. The physician was not fond of the painting and used it to repair a chicken coop, then gave it away. In 2016, the portrait was housed at the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and estimated to be worth over $50 million.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Limited access to life outside the clinic resulted in a shortage of subject matter. Van Gogh instead worked on interpretations of other artist's paintings, such as Millet's "The Sower" and "Noonday Rest", and variations on his own earlier work. Van Gogh was an admirer of the Realism of Jules Breton, Gustave Courbet and Millet, and he compared his copies to a musician's interpreting Beethoven.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: His "Prisoners' Round (after Gustave Doré)" (1890) was painted after an engraving by Gustave Doré (1832–1883). Tralbaut suggests that the face of the prisoner in the centre of the painting looking towards the viewer is Van Gogh himself; Jan Hulsker discounts this.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: After the birth of his nephew, Van Gogh wrote, "I started right away to make a picture for him, to hang in their bedroom, branches of white almond blossom against a blue sky."

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: While Van Gogh's exhibit was on display with the Artistes Indépendants in Paris, Claude Monet said that his work was the best in the show.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: In May 1890, Van Gogh left the clinic in Saint-Rémy to move nearer to both Dr Paul Gachet in the Paris suburb of Auvers-sur-Oise and to Theo. Gachet was an amateur painter and had treated several other artists – Camille Pissarro had recommended him. Van Gogh's first impression was that Gachet was "iller than I am, it seemed to me, or let's say just as much."

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: The painter Charles Daubigny moved to Auvers in 1861 and in turn drew other artists there, including Camille Corot and Honoré Daumier. In July 1890, Van Gogh completed two paintings of "Daubigny's Garden", one of which is likely his final work.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: During his last weeks at Saint-Rémy, his thoughts returned to "memories of the North", and several of the approximately 70 oils, painted during as many days in Auvers-sur-Oise, are reminiscent of northern scenes. In June 1890, he painted several portraits of his doctor, including "Portrait of Dr Gachet", and his only etching. In each the emphasis is on Gachet's melancholic disposition. There are other paintings which are probably unfinished, including "Thatched Cottages by a Hill."

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: In July, Van Gogh wrote that he had become absorbed "in the immense plain against the hills, boundless as the sea, delicate yellow". He had first become captivated by the fields in May, when the wheat was young and green. In July, he described to Theo "vast fields of wheat under turbulent skies".

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: He wrote that they represented his "sadness and extreme loneliness" and that the "canvases will tell you what I cannot say in words, that is, how healthy and invigorating I find the countryside". "Wheatfield with Crows", although not his last oil work, is from July 1890 and Hulsker discusses it as being associated with "melancholy and extreme loneliness". Hulsker identifies seven oil paintings from Auvers that follow the completion of "Wheatfield with Crows".

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: The gun Van Gogh was reputed to have used was rediscovered in 1965 and was auctioned, on 19 June 2019, as "the most famous weapon in art history". The gun sold for €162,500 (£144,000; $182,000), almost three times more than expected.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Van Gogh created more than 43 self-portraits between 1885 and 1889. They were usually completed in series, such as those painted in Paris in mid-1887, and continued until shortly before his death. Generally the portraits were studies, created during introspective periods when he was reluctant to mix with others, or when he lacked models, and so painted himself.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: They contain a wide array of physiognomical representations. Van Gogh's mental and physical condition is usually apparent; he may appear unkempt, unshaven or with a neglected beard, with deeply sunken eyes, a weak jaw, or having lost teeth. Some show him with full lips, a long face or prominent skull, or sharpened, alert features. His hair may be the usual red, or at times ash coloured.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: In mid-1889, and at his sister Wil's request, Van Gogh painted several smaller versions of "Wheat Field with Cypresses". The works are characterised by swirls and densely painted impasto, and include "The Starry Night", in which cypresses dominate the foreground. In addition to this, other notable works on cypresses include "Cypresses" (1889), "Cypresses with Two Figures" (1889–90), and "Road with Cypress and Star" (1890).

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: During this period Van Gogh mastered the use of light by subjugating shadows and painting the trees as if they are the source of light – almost in a sacred manner. Early the following year he painted another smaller group of orchards, including "View of Arles, Flowering Orchards". Van Gogh was enthralled by the landscape and vegetation of the south of France, and often visited the farm gardens near Arles. In the vivid light of the Mediterranean climate his palette significantly brightened.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Van Gogh made several painting excursions during visits to the landscape around Arles. He made paintings of harvests, wheat fields and other rural landmarks of the area, including "The Old Mill" (1888); a good example of a picturesque structure bordering the wheat fields beyond. At various points, Van Gogh painted the view from his window – at The Hague, Antwerp, and Paris. These works culminated in "The Wheat Field" series, which depicted the view from his cells in the asylum at Saint-Rémy.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Many of the late paintings are sombre but essentially optimistic and, right up to the time of Van Gogh's death, reflect his desire to return to lucid mental health. Yet some of his final works reflect his deepening concerns. Writing in July 1890, from Auvers, Van Gogh said that he had become absorbed "in the immense plain against the hills, boundless as the sea, delicate yellow".

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Van Gogh was captivated by the fields in May when the wheat was young and green. His "Wheatfields at Auvers with White House" shows a more subdued palette of yellows and blues, which creates a sense of idyllic harmony.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: About 10 July 1890, Van Gogh wrote to Theo of "vast fields of wheat under troubled skies". "Wheatfield with Crows" shows the artist's state of mind in his final days; Hulsker describes the work as a "doom-filled painting with threatening skies and ill-omened crows". Its dark palette and heavy brushstrokes convey a sense of menace.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: Van Gogh's works are among the world's most expensive paintings. Those sold for over US$100 million (today's equivalent) include "Portrait of Dr Gachet"," " and "Irises". The Metropolitan Museum of Art acquired a copy of "Wheat Field with Cypresses" in 1993 for US$57 million by using funds donated by publisher, diplomat and philanthropist Walter Annenberg. In 2015, "L'Allée des Alyscamps" sold for US$66.3 million at Sotheby's, New York, exceeding its reserve of US$40 million.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Vincent van Gogh

Context: The Van Gogh Museum opened in the Museumplein in Amsterdam in 1973. It became the second most popular museum in the Netherlands, after the Rijksmuseum, regularly receiving more than 1.5 million visitors a year. In 2015 it had a record 1.9 million. Eighty-five percent of the visitors come from other countries.

Question: ما هي جنسية فان غوخ ؟


Port of Mersin

Context: The harbor is situated in the Akdeniz district of Mersin. The Mersin railway station is just north of the harbor. Mersin Aquapark is situated next to the western breakwater.

Question: ما هو اكبر ميناء بحري في تركيا؟


Port of Mersin

Context: The port's rail connection brings heavy freight train traffic to Mersin, via the Adana–Mersin railway. The railway infrastructure within the Port of Mersin is one of the best in Turkey with Derince. There are 4 railway ramps. Containers can be handled without any need of shunting. 5 of the berths has railway connection, where loading/unloading to/from vessels can be done directly.

Question: ما هو اكبر ميناء بحري في تركيا؟


Port of Mersin

Context: Bucket dredging of the sea floor was carried out by a Danish company Christiani & Nielsen in four years. The level of the floor was lowered to an average depth level of , between depending on the pier. The total area of dredging was more than and the mass of the total dredged material was about 8.4 million metric tonnes. Most of these material was spread out in front of the city to build a seaside park. (Atatürk Park)

Question: ما هو اكبر ميناء بحري في تركيا؟


Port of Mersin

Context: Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers lists Mersin Harbor as one of the fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey, a list of remarkable engineering projects realized in the first 50 years of the chamber.

Question: ما هو اكبر ميناء بحري في تركيا؟


Bilad al-Sham

Context: Bilad al-Sham (), often referred to as Islamic Syria or simply Syria in English-language sources, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates. It roughly corresponded with the Byzantine Diocese of the East, conquered by the Muslims in 634–647. Under the Umayyads (661–750) Bilad al-Sham was the metropolitan province of the Caliphate and different localities throughout the province served as the seats of the Umayyad caliphs and princes.

Question: من هو اول والي لبلاد الشام ؟


Bilad al-Sham

Context: The name "Bilad al-Sham" in Arabic translates as "the left-hand region". It was so named from the perspective of the people of the Hejaz (western Arabia), who considered themselves to be facing the rising sun, that the Syrian region was positioned to their left, while to their right was "al-Yaman" ("the right-hand-region").

Question: من هو اول والي لبلاد الشام ؟


Muammar Gaddafi

Context: In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing "sharia" into the legal system.

Question: من قام بإجاد الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية ؟


Tongue

Context: The human tongue is divided into two parts, an oral part at the front and a pharyngeal part at the back. The left and right sides are also separated along most of its length by a vertical section of fibrous tissue (the lingual septum) that results in a groove, the median sulcus, on the tongue's surface.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The average length of the human tongue from the oropharynx to the tip is 10 cm. The average weight of the human tongue from adult males is 70g and for adult females 60g.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: In phonetics and phonology, a distinction is made between the tip of the tongue and the blade (the portion just behind the tip). Sounds made with the tongue tip are said to be apical, while those made with the tongue blade are said to be laminal.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The upper surface of the tongue is called the dorsum, and is divided by a groove into symmetrical halves by the median sulcus. The foramen cecum marks the end of this division (at about 2.5 cm from the root of the tongue) and the beginning of the terminal sulcus. The foramen cecum is also the point of attachment of the thyroglossal duct and is formed during the descent of the thyroid diverticulum in embryonic development.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: On the undersurface of the tongue is a fold of mucous membrane called the frenulum that tethers the tongue at the midline to the floor of the mouth. On either side of the frenulum are small prominences called sublingual caruncles that the major salivary submandibular glands drain into.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The genioglossus arises from the mandible and protrudes the tongue. It is also known as the tongue's "safety muscle" since it is the only muscle that propels the tongue forward.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The hyoglossus, arises from the hyoid bone and retracts and depresses the tongue. The chondroglossus is often included with this muscle.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The styloglossus arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone and draws the sides of the tongue up to create a trough for swallowing.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The palatoglossus arises from the palatine aponeurosis, and depresses the soft palate, moves the "palatoglossal fold" towards the midline, and elevates the back of the tongue during swallowing.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: Four paired intrinsic muscles of the tongue originate and insert within the tongue, running along its length. They are the superior longitudinal muscle, the inferior longitudinal muscle, the vertical muscle, and the transverse muscle. These muscles alter the shape of the tongue by lengthening and shortening it, curling and uncurling its apex and edges as in tongue rolling, and flattening and rounding its surface. This provides shape and helps facilitate speech, swallowing, and eating.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The superior longitudinal muscle runs along the upper surface of the tongue under the mucous membrane, and elevates, assists in retraction of, or deviates the tip of the tongue. It originates near the epiglottis, at the hyoid bone, from the median fibrous septum.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The inferior longitudinal muscle lines the sides of the tongue, and is joined to the styloglossus muscle.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The vertical muscle is located in the middle of the tongue, and joins the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The transverse muscle divides the tongue at the middle, and is attached to the mucous membranes that run along the sides.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The tongue receives its blood supply primarily from the lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery. The lingual veins drain into the internal jugular vein. The floor of the mouth also receives its blood supply from the lingual artery. There is also a secondary blood supply to the root of tongue from the tonsillar branch of the facial artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: An area in the neck sometimes called the Pirogov triangle is formed by the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle, the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle, and the hypoglossal nerve. The lingual artery is a good place to stop severe hemorrhage from the tongue.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: Innervation of the tongue consists of motor fibers, special sensory fibers for taste, and general sensory fibers for sensation.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: Innervation of taste and sensation is different for the anterior and posterior part of the tongue because they are derived from different embryological structures (pharyngeal arch 1 and pharyngeal arches 3 and 4, respectively).

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The tip of tongue drains to the submental nodes. The left and right halves of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue drains to submandibular lymph nodes, while the posterior one-third of the tongue drains to the jugulo-omohyoid nodes.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The upper surface of the tongue is covered in masticatory mucosa, a type of oral mucosa which is of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Embedded in this are numerous papillae, some of which house the taste buds and their taste receptors. The lingual papillae consist of filiform, fungiform, vallate and foliate papillae, and only the filiform papillae are not associated with any taste buds.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The tongue can divide itself in dorsal and ventral surface. The dorsal surface is a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium which is characterized by numerous mucosal projections called papillae. The lingual papillae covers the dorsal side of the tongue towards the front of the terminal groove. The ventral surface is stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium which is smooth.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: In the fifth week a pair of lateral lingual swellings, one on the right side and one on the left, form on the first pharyngeal arch. These lingual swellings quickly expand and cover the median tongue bud. They form the anterior part of the tongue that makes up two-thirds of the length of the tongue, and continue to develop through prenatal development. The line of their fusion is marked by the median sulcus.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: Chemicals that stimulate taste receptor cells are known as tastants. Once a tastant is dissolved in saliva, it can make contact with the plasma membrane of the gustatory hairs, which are the sites of taste transduction.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The tongue is equipped with many taste buds on its dorsal surface, and each taste bud is equipped with taste receptor cells that can sense particular classes of tastes. Distinct types of taste receptor cells respectively detect substances that are sweet, bitter, salty, sour, spicy, or taste of umami. Umami receptor cells are the least understood and accordingly are the type most intensively under research.Tongue map is a myth that is widely taught in school.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The tongue is an important accessory organ in the digestive system. The tongue is used for crushing food against the hard palate, during mastication and manipulation of food for softening prior to swallowing. The epithelium on the tongue's upper, or dorsal surface is keratinised. Consequently, the tongue can grind against the hard palate without being itself damaged or irritated.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The tongue plays a role in physical intimacy and sexuality. The tongue is part of the erogenous zone of the mouth and can be used in intimate contact, as in the French kiss and in oral sex. The tongue can be used for stimulating the clitoris and other areas of the vulva.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: A congenital disorder of the tongue is that of ankyloglossia also known as "tongue-tie". The tongue is "tied" to the floor of the mouth by a very short and thickened frenulum and this affects speech, eating, and swallowing.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: The tongue is prone to several pathologies including glossitis and other inflammations such as geographic tongue, and median rhomboid glossitis; burning mouth syndrome, oral hairy leukoplakia, oral candidiasis (thrush), black hairy tongue and fissured tongue.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: There are several types of oral cancer that mainly affect the tongue. Mostly these are squamous cell carcinomas.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: Food debris, desquamated epithelial cells and bacteria often form a visible tongue coating. This coating has been identified as a major factor contributing to bad breath (halitosis), which can be managed by using a tongue cleaner.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: Some animals have tongues that are specially adapted for catching prey. For example, chameleons, frogs, pangolins and anteaters have prehensile tongues.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: Sticking one's tongue out at someone is considered a childish gesture of rudeness or defiance in many countries; the act may also have sexual connotations, depending on the way in which it is done. However, in Tibet it is considered a greeting. In 2009, a farmer from Fabriano, Italy, was convicted and fined by the country's highest court for sticking his tongue out at a neighbor with whom he had been arguing. Proof of the affront had been captured with a cell phone camera.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: Tongue piercing and splitting have become more common in western countries in recent decades. In one study, one-fifth of young adults were found to have at least one type of oral piercing, most commonly the tongue.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Tongue

Context: Tongues of seals and whales have been eaten, sometimes in large quantities, by sealers and whalers, and in various times and places have been sold for food on shore.

Question: كم عدد العضلات التي تربط اللسان بالفك؟


Haiti national football team

Context: Haiti has one of the longest football traditions in the region and were the second Caribbean team to make the World Cup, after qualifying from winning the 1973 CONCACAF Championship. It was their only appearance in 1974, where they were beaten in the opening group stage by its other three teams, who were all pre-tournament favorites; Italy, Poland, and Argentina.

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Haiti national football team

Context: In 2016, Haiti qualified for the 100th anniversary of the Copa América, by defeating Trinidad and Tobago.

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Haiti national football team

Context: "Les Grenadiers" led by coach Édouard Baker, played three games against Cuba, all at the Parc Leconte in Port-au-Prince, having lost twice (1–3, 0–6) and one resulting in a 1–1 draw.

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Haiti national football team

Context: At the CONCACAF Championship in 1969, Haiti was disqualified from the final round, when it had qualified in the field by beating the United States (the qualifying round is coupled with the qualifications for the World Cup 1970). Instead, the Federation was unable to register its team for the final round on time to the CONCACAF and therefore could not participate in the final round.

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Haiti national football team

Context: The team reached the final round of the qualifiers for the 1970 World Cup, where they faced El Salvador. After losing the first leg 2–1 at home, the team pulled off a 3–0 win at El Salvador. With each team having one win, the rules of the day dictated a play-off on neutral ground which El Salvador won to secure a place in the 1970 World Cup.

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Haiti national football team

Context: In the 2010 Haiti earthquake, at least 30 people with ties to Haitian football perished, including players, coaches, referees and administrative and medical representatives. Twenty others with ties to Haitian football were feared to be buried in the ruins.

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Haiti national football team

Context: The Haiti national team utilizes a two-colour system, composed of red and blue. The team's two colours originate from the national flag of Haiti, known as the "bicolore". Although, during the Duvalier administration in Haiti, the country undergone a color change to its flag, swapping out the blue for "black" and it reflected in its 1974 World Cup kit and federation crest.

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Haiti national football team

Context: Haiti has been provided kits by a number of manufacturers, some of which have been from a few local and lesser known suppliers. The first known kit manufacturer was Adidas for the 1974 World Cup. In 2013, a five-year contract was reached with Colombian manufacturer, Saeta for $1 million. After 8 years, the Haitian Federation and Saeta are terminating their agreement. The details of the end date of their contract and the reason for the termination has not yet been released to the general public.

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Haiti national football team

Context: The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Haiti national football team

Context: "The FHF's archives have been displaced by earthquakes and civil unrest; data on early Haitian players is still being investigated."

Question: متى شاركت هايتي أول مرة في كأس القارات لكرة القدم ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis in which there is a long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine. Typically the joints where the spine joins the pelvis are also affected. Occasionally other joints such as the shoulders or hips are involved. Eye and bowel problems may also occur. Back pain is a characteristic symptom of AS, and it often comes and goes. Stiffness of the affected joints generally worsens over time.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: There is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis. Treatments may improve symptoms and prevent worsening. This may include medication, exercise, physical therapy, and surgery in rare cases. Medications used include NSAIDs, steroids, DMARDs such as sulfasalazine, and biologic agents such as TNF inhibitors.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: The signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis often appear gradually, with peak onset being between 20 and 30 years of age. Initial symptoms are usually a chronic dull pain in the lower back or gluteal region combined with stiffness of the lower back. Individuals often experience pain and stiffness that awakens them in the early morning hours.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: As the disease progresses, loss of spinal mobility and chest expansion, with a limitation of anterior flexion, lateral flexion, and extension of the lumbar spine, are seen. Systemic features are common, with weight loss, fever, or fatigue often present. Pain is often severe at rest but may improve with physical activity, but inflammation and pain to varying degrees may recur regardless of rest and movement.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: AS can occur in any part of the spine or the entire spine, often with pain referred to one or the other buttock or the back of the thigh from the sacroiliac joint.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: Arthritis in the hips and shoulders may also occur. When the condition presents before the age of 18, it is more likely to cause pain and swelling of large lower limb joints, such as the knees. In prepubescent cases, pain and swelling may also manifest in the ankles and feet where heel pain and enthesopathy commonly develop. Less commonly ectasia of the sacral nerve root sheaths may occur.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: About 30% of people with AS will also experience anterior uveitis, causing eye pain, redness, and blurred vision. This is thought to be due to the association that both AS and uveitis have with the inheritance of the HLA-B27 antigen. Cardiovascular involvement may include inflammation of the aorta, aortic valve insufficiency or disturbances of the heart's electrical conduction system. Lung involvement is characterized by progressive fibrosis of the upper portion of the lung.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: "Bamboo spine" develops when the outer fibers of the fibrous ring ("anulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis") of the intervertebral discs ossify, which results in the formation of marginal syndesmophytes between adjoining vertebrae.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: Ankylosing spondylitis is a member of the more broadly defined disease axial spondyloarthritis. Axial spondyloarthritis can be divided into (1) radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (which is a synonym for ankylosing spondylitis) and (2) non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (which include less severe forms and early stages of ankylosing spondylitis).

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: While ankylosing spondylitis can be diagnosed through the description of radiological changes in the sacroiliac joints and spine, there are currently no direct tests (blood or imaging) to unambiguously diagnose early forms of ankylosing spondylitis (non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis). Diagnosis of non-radiologic axial spondyloarthritis is therefore more difficult and is based on the presence of several typical disease features.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: If these criteria still do not give a compelling diagnosis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be useful. MRI can show inflammation of the sacroiliac joint.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: Options for earlier diagnosis are tomography and MRI of the sacroiliac joints, but the reliability of these tests is still unclear.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: During acute inflammatory periods, people with AS may show an increase in the blood concentration of CRP and an increase in the ESR, but there are many with AS whose CRP and ESR rates do not increase, so normal CRP and ESR results do not always correspond with the amount of inflammation that is actually present. In other words, some people with AS have normal levels of CRP and ESR, despite experiencing a significant amount of inflammation in their bodies.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) is a functional index which can accurately assess functional impairment due to the disease, as well as improvements following therapy. The BASFI is not usually used as a diagnostic tool, but rather as a tool to establish a current baseline and subsequent response to therapy.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: The Schober's test is a useful clinical measure of flexion of the lumbar spine performed during the physical examination.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: The major types of medications used to treat ankylosing spondylitis are pain-relievers and drugs aimed at stopping or slowing the progression of the disease. All of these have potentially serious side effects. Pain-relieving drugs come in two major classes:

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: In severe cases of AS, surgery can be an option in the form of joint replacements, particularly in the knees and hips. Surgical correction is also possible for those with severe flexion deformities (severe downward curvature) of the spine, particularly in the neck, although this procedure is considered very risky.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: In addition, AS can have some manifestations which make anesthesia more complex. Changes in the upper airway can lead to difficulties in intubating the airway, spinal and epidural anesthesia may be difficult owing to calcification of ligaments, and a small number of people have aortic insufficiency. The stiffness of the thoracic ribs results in ventilation being mainly diaphragm-driven, so there may also be a decrease in pulmonary function.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: Though physical therapy remedies have been scarcely documented, some therapeutic exercises are used to help manage lower back, neck, knee, and shoulder pain. There is moderate quality evidence that therapeutic exercise programmes help reduce pain and improve function. Some therapeutic exercises include:

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: Moderate-to-high impact exercises like jogging are generally not recommended or recommended with restrictions due to the jarring of affected vertebrae that can worsen pain and stiffness in some with AS.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: Organs commonly affected by AS, other than the axial spine and other joints, are the heart, lungs, eyes, colon, and kidneys. Other complications are aortic regurgitation, Achilles tendinitis, AV node block, and amyloidosis. Owing to lung fibrosis, chest X-rays may show apical fibrosis, while pulmonary function testing may reveal a restrictive lung defect. Very rare complications involve neurologic conditions such as the cauda equina syndrome.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: Mortality is increased in people with AS and circulatory disease is the most frequent cause of death. People with AS have an increased risk of 60% for cerebrovascular mortality, and an overall increased risk of 50% for vascular mortality. About one third of those with ankylosing spondylitis have severe disease, which reduces life expectancy.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: As increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease severity, factors negatively affecting outcomes include:

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: The hunched position that often results from complete spinal fusion can have an effect on a person's gait. Increased spinal kyphosis will lead to a forward and downward shift in center of mass (COM). This shift in COM has been shown to be compensated by increased knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion. The gait of someone with ankylosing spondylitis often has a cautious pattern because they have decreased ability to absorb shock, and they cannot see the horizon.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: In 2007, a collaborative effort by an international team of researchers in the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States led to the discovery of two genes that also contribute to the cause of AS: ARTS-1 and IL23R. The findings were published in the November 2007 edition of "Nature Genetics", a journal that emphasizes research on the genetic basis for common and complex diseases. Together with HLA-B27, these two genes account for roughly 70 percent of the overall number of cases of the disease.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: Ankylosing spondylitis has a long history, having been distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis by Galen as early as the 2nd century AD. Skeletal evidence of the disease (ossification of joints and entheses primarily of the axial skeleton, known as "bamboo spine") was thought to be found in the skeletal remains of a 5000-year-old Egyptian mummy with evidence of bamboo spine. However, a subsequent report found that this was not the case.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: In 1858, David Tucker published a small booklet which clearly described the case of Leonard Trask, who had severe spinal deformity subsequent to AS. In 1833, Trask fell from a horse, exacerbating the condition and resulting in severe deformity. Tucker reported:

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: This account became the first documented case of AS in the United States, owing to its indisputable description of inflammatory disease characteristics of AS and the hallmark of deforming injury in AS.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


Ankylosing spondylitis

Context: In the late nineteenth century, the neurophysiologist Vladimir Bekhterev of Russia in 1893, Adolph Strümpell of Germany in 1897, and Pierre Marie of France in 1898 were the first to give adequate descriptions which permitted an accurate diagnosis of AS prior to severe spinal deformity. For this reason, AS is also known as Bekhterev disease, Bechterew's disease or Marie–Strümpell disease.

Question: من أول من قام بتشخيص حالة إلتهاب الفقار القسطي ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: The People's Republic of China competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, between 27 July and 12 August 2012. This was the nation's ninth appearance at the Summer Olympics since its debut in 1952. A total of 396 Chinese athletes, 171 men and 225 women, were selected by the Chinese Olympic Committee to compete in 23 sports. For the fourth time in its Olympic history, China was represented by more female than male athletes.

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: The Chinese Olympic Committee selected a team of 396 athletes, 171 men and 225 women, to compete in 23 sports. Equestrian, football, and handball were the only sports in which China had no representation in 2012.

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: The following table lists the number of Chinese competitors who participated in each Olympic sport. Note that swimming, synchronized swimming, diving and water polo are technically considered as one sport, aquatics. However, due to their significant practical differences, they are listed separately by tradition.

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: China qualified 3 archers for the men's individual event, 3 archers for the women's individual event, a team for the men's team event and a team for the women's team event.

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: Prior to the 2012 Olympics, Chinese athletes achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard):

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: On 1 May 2013, the IOC stripped Russian discus thrower Darya Pishchalnikova of her silver medal in the women's discus throw after testing positive for Oxandrolone (an anabolic steroid). China's Li Yanfeng was elevated to silver.

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: The Chinese diving team qualified 12 divers across all diving events at the 2012 Olympics through the 2011 World Aquatics Championships.

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: The Chinese women's hockey team qualified a team of 16 players for the 2012 Olympics, by virtue of winning the 2010 Asian Games hockey title.

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: Based on their results at the 2011 Asian/Oceania Championships, four Chinese pentathletes qualified for the 2012 games. Cao Zhongrong and Wang Guan earned places in the men's event, while Chen Qian and Miao Yihua earned places in the women's event.

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: Chinese swimmers achieved qualifying standards in the following Olympic events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and one at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)):

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: China qualified four athletes for the singles table tennis events at the 2012 Olympics. Wang Hao and Zhang Jike qualified for the men's event, while Li Xiaoxia and Ding Ning qualified for the women's event.

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


China at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Context: China ensured berths in the following taekwondo events by reaching the top 3 of the 2011 WTF World Qualification Tournament:

Question: كم فازت الصين بميدالية بدورة الألعاب الأولمبية 2012 ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: Bayda, or Elbeida ( or ; ) (also spelt "az-Zāwiyat al-Bayḍāʾ", "Zāwiyat al-Bayḑā’", "Beida" and "El Beida"; known as "Beda Littoria" under Italian colonial rule), is a commercial and industrial city in eastern Libya. It is located in northern Cyrenaica. With a population of 250,000 people, Bayda is the 4th-largest city in Libya (after Tripoli, Benghazi and Misrata). It is the capital city of the Jabal al Akhdar district.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: Bayda's history stretches back to classical antiquity, when it was known as Balagrae. The 2000-year-old ruins of the ancient Greek colony of Cyrene are located nearby in Shahat.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: One of the greatest attractions in the city is the tomb of a famous companion (sahabah) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Ruwaifi bin Thabit al-Ansari. For that reason, the city was known as Sidi Rafaa after him. After the arrival of Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi in the area in the 19th century, and the construction of a zāwiyah, the city was renamed "az-Zāwiyat al-Bayḍāʾ".

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: The modern city was built in the 1950s. It was originally intended to be the new capital of Libya and most of the necessary government buildings were constructed there. Eventually, the plan to move the capital from Tripoli to Bayḍāʾ was dropped.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: During the First Libyan Civil War, the city was the first to fall to Anti-Gaddafi forces after the Battle of Bayda.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: The city is famous for the valleys and forests nearby, which are not found in the other cities of the 'Green Mountains'—Akhdar Mountains. It is named the "Green Mountains" because they are covered by dense forests and woodlands, of which the best known are the Hamri, Alpellnj, and Belaid forests. The highest point in the Akhdar Mountains is around , located in the Hamri area.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: The Akhdar Mountains are part of the larger Jabal al Akhdar Plateau, an area of , with a length of from the Albakur in the west to the Valley of Bef to the east of Derna, and a width of . Beaches stretch along the chain for about , in a diverse terrain with many coastal bays and inlets. Bayda is famous for the neighboring locale of Susa, a seaside resort on the Mediterranean Sea.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: Tourism as an industry is still in the very early stages in Libya. Bayda is an important tourist city in Libya, a base to explore the nearby tourist areas such as the Ancient Greece ruins of Cyrene and Apollonia, and Libyan Desert trips south into Kufra. The village Balagrae contains several large hotels, due to the tourist population.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: The majority of Libyans in Bayda are of Arab, Berber and Greek descendants century, historically controlled a section of Libya. Bayda and its surrounding areas were controlled by the Barasa clan. In modern times, a large number of Libyans from different parts of the country have moved into the city.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: Education in Bayda, as is the case throughout Libya, is compulsory and free. Compulsory education continues up until ninth grade. There are many public primary and secondary schools throughout the city, as well as some private and international school and others. Omar Al-Mukhtar University education is also free for all Libyan citizens in Bayda. It holds the country's second largest university, the former Al-Jami'a al-Libiya.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: Omar Al-Mukhtar University is the second university established in the country, and the first Islamic university, but after the Revolution of 1960, it was changed to the University of Agriculture, and then to a regular university. It now includes 14 colleges in several cities, such as Tobruq and Derna, Libya.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: There are many mosques throughout the city; the oldest and best known is the Mosque Ruwayfi bin Thabit Al-Ansari; the oldest mosques are located in and around the medina. There is also a small foreign Christian community in the city: the Franciscan-run Maria Immacolata Parish Church serves Bayda's Catholic community of roughly 4000, as well as a Protestant church belonging to the Church of Christ.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: Bayda has some of the best sports facilities in the country. The city has various sporting centres of different standards, such as football stadiums, as well as several other public and private facilities.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: Football is the most popular sport in Bayda, and one of the country's most successful football clubs, Alakhdhar, is based in the city.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: The largest sporting centre in Bayda is the Medina al-Riyadhia (Sports City). The complex is situated just north of the city centre, and houses the Al Bayda Stadium and athletics stadium, and the Slayman al Tharrat basketball stadium. Several matches of the 2009 FIBA Africa Championship were hosted at the arena.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: Judo and taekwondo are popular men's sports in Bayda. In recent times, rugby sevens has seen great success, with three clubs to its name. Gyms have also become more popular in the city in recent years, because of a greater concern for healthy living amongst Libyans.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: There is no systematic public transport system in Bayda, despite the city's size and significance. A popular system of microbuses has developed in recent years and covers many areas of the city, they run on fixed routes and passengers embark and disembark anywhere on the route. There are also international services to Cairo and Alexandria.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Bayda, Libya

Context: , earthworks are underway in the city for a rail network which will traverse northern Libya. Russian Railways is responsible for the three-year contract. In the future, a rail link may be built to both Tunisia and Egypt, forming a North African coastal rail network.

Question: ماهي أشهر منتوج زراعي تشتهر ليبيا بإنتاجه ؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: Mohamed Naguib was born on 19 February 1901 in Khartoum, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan to Youssef Naguib and Zohra Ahmed Othman. Zohra was a Sudanese local, while Youssef was a ranking officer of the Egyptian Armed Forces who had come from a notable Egyptian family of army officers. Naguib was the eldest of nine children.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: Naguib attended secondary and military school at Gordon Memorial College in Khartoum, graduating in 1918. He joined the Egyptian Royal Guard in 1923. In 1927, Naguib became the first Egyptian military officer to obtain a law license. In 1929 he earned a postgraduate degree in political economy, and then another postgraduate degree in civil law in 1931.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: In December 1931, Naguib was promoted to the rank of captain. He moved to the border patrol in Arish in 1934. He was part of the military committee that carried out the terms of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. In Khartoum, he founded a newspaper for the Egyptian Armed Forces in 1937, and he was promoted to the rank of major on 6 May 1938.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: Naguib tendered his resignation in protest following the Abdeen Palace incident of 1942. Naguib wrote in his autobiography that he had resigned because he had broken his oath of allegiance to the King by failing to prevent the British siege of the palace, but that Abdeen Palace officials thanked him for his actions regardless and refused to accept his resignation.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: Naguib subsequently continued his upward trajectory through the hierarchy of the Egyptian military, achieving the rank of lieutenant colonel and the post of regional governor of the Sinai Peninsula in 1944. He took on leadership of the mechanized infantry of the Sinai in 1947, and was promoted to brigadier general in 1948.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: Naguib performed outstandingly during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, where he was wounded seven times. For his service he was awarded the first military star of Fuad as well as the title of Bey. He was also subsequently awarded with the directorship of the Egyptian Military Academy, where he would ultimately encounter the members of the Free Officers Movement.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: Naguib was married and had four children, three sons and a daughter. His sons were Farouk, Yusuf and Ali. "Life" magazine reported shortly after the revolution in August 1952 that his eldest son Farouk who was 14-years-old was planning to change his name. His daughter died in 1951.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: On 28 August 1984, Naguib died from liver cirrhosis in Cairo, Egypt. He was 83. Naguib had a military funeral that was attended by President Hosni Mubarak.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: Shortly before his death in 1984, Naguib published his memoirs under the title "I Was a President of Egypt". The book was widely circulated and was also translated into English under the title "Egypt's Destiny". A station of the Cairo Metro is named in his honor. A major road in the Al Amarat District of Khartoum is also named after him.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Mohamed Naguib

Context: In December 2013, Interim Egyptian President Adly Mansour posthumously awarded Naguib the Order of the Nile, the highest honor of the Egyptian state. The award was received by his son, Mohamed Yusuf.

Question: متى تم الانقلاب على حكم الرئيس محمد نجيب؟


Leif Erikson

Context: Thorvald Ásvaldsson was banished from Norway for manslaughter and went into exile in Iceland accompanied by young Erik. When Erik was banished from Iceland, he travelled further west to an area he named Greenland, where he established the first permanent settlement in 986. Tyrker, one of Erik's thralls, had been specially trusted to keep in charge of Erik's children, as Leif later referred to him as his "foster father".

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: The "Saga of Erik the Red" and the "Saga of the Greenlanders", both thought to have been written around 1200, contain different accounts of the voyages to Vinland (usually interpreted as coastal North America). The only two known strictly historical mentions of Vinland are found in the work of Adam of Bremen and in the "Book of Icelanders" compiled by Ari the Wise.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: According to this saga, Leif was not the first European to discover America. Instead Bjarni Herjólfsson and his crew—on a voyage from Iceland to Greenland—were blown off course, missed the southern tip of Greenland, and encountered an unknown coast. Believing it to be somewhere other than Greenland, they did not disembark but rather sailed back east, eventually making it to their original destination, where they told of their discovery.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: After having wintered over in Vinland, Leif returned to Greenland in the spring with a cargo of grapes and timber. On the return voyage, he rescued an Icelandic castaway and his crew, earning him the nickname "Leif the Lucky". Leif never returned to Vinland, but others from Greenland and Iceland did.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: Leif was described as a wise, considerate, and strong man of striking appearance. During his stay in the Hebrides, he fell in love with a noblewoman, Thorgunna, who gave birth to their son Thorgils. Thorgils was later sent to Leif in Greenland, but he did not become popular.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: Leif is last mentioned alive in 1019, and by 1025 he had passed on his chieftaincy of Eiríksfjǫrðr to another son, Thorkell. Nothing is mentioned about his death in the sagas—he probably died in Greenland some time between these dates. Nothing further is known about his family beyond the succession of Thorkell as chieftain.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: While Leif had no contact with the Indigenous peoples of Vinland, later Norse explorers did, referring to them as "skrælingi", an archaic term for "wretches".

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: For the centenary of the first official immigration of Norwegians to America, President Calvin Coolidge stated at the 1925 Minnesota State Fair, to a crowd of 100,000 people, that Leif had indeed been the first European to discover America. Additional statues of him were erected at the Minnesota State Capitol in St. Paul in 1949, near Lake Superior in Duluth, Minnesota, in 1956, and in downtown Seattle.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: In 1924, a party of four consisting of a Swede, an Englishman, and two Americans attempted to emulate Leif's voyage in an eponymous 40-foot vessel but were lost after reaching the west coast of Greenland.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: In 1930, a statue of Leif was erected in the city center of Reykjavík, Iceland – currently situated in front of Hallgrímskirkja – as a gift from the United States to Iceland to commemorate the 1,000 year anniversary of Alþingi, the parliament of Iceland.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: Several ships are named after Leif – a Viking ship replica, a commercial passenger/vehicle ferry, and a large dredger.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Leif Erikson

Context: The Sagas do not give the exact date of Leif's landfall in America, but state only that it was in the fall of the year. At the suggestion of Christian A. Hoen of Edgerton, Wisconsin, 9 October was settled upon, as that already was a historic date for Norwegians in America, the ship "Restaurationen" having arrived in New York Harbor on 9 October 1825 from Stavanger with the first organized party of Norwegian immigrants.

Question: من إكتشف أمريكا


Halite

Context: Halite dominantly occurs within sedimentary rocks where it has formed from the evaporation of seawater or salty lake water. Vast beds of sedimentary evaporite minerals, including halite, can result from the drying up of enclosed lakes, and restricted seas. Such salt beds may be hundreds of meters thick and underlie broad areas. Halite occurs at the surface today in playas in regions where evaporation exceeds precipitation such as in the salt flats of Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park.

Question: أين يوجد الملح الصخري؟


Halite

Context: In the United States and Canada extensive underground beds extend from the Appalachian basin of western New York through parts of Ontario and under much of the Michigan Basin. Other deposits are in Ohio, Kansas, New Mexico, Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan. The Khewra salt mine is a massive deposit of halite near Islamabad, Pakistan.

Question: أين يوجد الملح الصخري؟


Halite

Context: The world's largest underground salt mine is the Sifto Salt Mine. It produces over 7 million tons of rock salt per year using the room and pillar mining method. It is located half a kilometre under Lake Huron in Ontario, Canada. In the United Kingdom there are three mines; the largest of these is at Winsford in Cheshire, producing, on average, one million tonnes of salt per year.

Question: أين يوجد الملح الصخري؟


Halite

Context: Salt is used extensively in cooking as a flavor enhancer, and to cure a wide variety of foods such as bacon and fish. It is frequently used in food preservation methods across various cultures. Larger pieces can be ground in a salt mill or dusted over food from a shaker as finishing salt.

Question: أين يوجد الملح الصخري؟


Anisa Makhlouf

Context: Makhlouf was born in Latakia, Syria, to the Makhloufs, an influential family from Bustan al-Basha, Latakia Governorate. She was daughter of Ahmed Makhlouf and Saada Sulayman al-Assad, Hafez al-Assad's aunt.

Question: كم عدد اولاد الرئيس الراحل حافظ الاسد؟


Anisa Makhlouf

Context: "The Economist" described Anisa Makhlouf as "a formidable figure" within the al-Assad family and the Ba'athist government. A highly influential member of the government, she was one of the few people with whom Bashar al-Assad regularly consulted during the Syrian Civil War. She is believed to have advocated for a heavy, military crackdown on Syrian protesters and rebels during the ongoing Civil War.

Question: كم عدد اولاد الرئيس الراحل حافظ الاسد؟


Anisa Makhlouf

Context: In 2012, Makhlouf, as well as other members of the Al-Assad family, were sanctioned by the European Union amid the country's civil war and attacks on protesters by the Syrian government.

Question: كم عدد اولاد الرئيس الراحل حافظ الاسد؟


Anisa Makhlouf

Context: The EU sanctions included a travel ban and the freezing of her assets. Prior to the travel ban, she had reportedly made frequent trips to Germany for medical treatments for an undisclosed illness.

Question: كم عدد اولاد الرئيس الراحل حافظ الاسد؟


Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Context: Blumberg and Gajdusek received the Nobel Prize for discovering "new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases." Blumberg identified the hepatitis B virus, and later developed its diagnostic test and vaccine.

Question: من إكتشف فيروس التهاب الكبد ؟


Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Context: In 1992, Blumberg participated in the founding of the Hepatitis B Foundation (HBF), a nonprofit organization dedicated to finding a cure for hepatitis B and improving the lives of those affected by hepatitis B worldwide. He served on the Scientific and Medical Advisory Board, and as its Distinguished Scholar from 1992 until his passing in 2011. Blumberg was a regular and inspirational presence at the Hepatitis Foundation, maintaining an office at the foundation in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.

Question: من إكتشف فيروس التهاب الكبد ؟


Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Context: In 2000, Blumberg received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. In 2001, Blumberg was named to the Library of Congress Scholars Council, a body of distinguished scholars that advises the Librarian of Congress. Blumberg served on the council until his death.

Question: من إكتشف فيروس التهاب الكبد ؟


Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Context: In November 2004, Blumberg was named chairman of the scientific advisory board of United Therapeutics Corporation, a position he held until his death. As chairman, he convened three "Conference[s] on Nanomedical and Telemedical Technology", as well as guiding the biotechnology company in the development of a broad-spectrum anti-viral medicine.

Question: من إكتشف فيروس التهاب الكبد ؟


Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Context: Beginning in 2005, Blumberg also served as the president of the American Philosophical Society. He had first been elected to membership in the society in 1986.

Question: من إكتشف فيروس التهاب الكبد ؟


Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Context: In October 2010, Blumberg participated in the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Lunch with a Laureate program, in which middle and high school students of the Greater Washington D.C., Northern Virginia and Maryland area got to engage in an informal conversation with a Nobel Prize–winning scientist over a brown-bag lunch.

Question: من إكتشف فيروس التهاب الكبد ؟


Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Context: In an interview with "The New York Times" in 2002 he stated that "[Saving lives] is what drew me to medicine. There is, in Jewish thought, this idea that if you save a single life, you save the whole world".

Question: من إكتشف فيروس التهاب الكبد ؟


Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Context: In discussing the factors that influenced his life, Blumberg always gave credit to the mental discipline of the Jewish Talmud, and as often as possible, he attended weekly Talmud discussion classes until his death.

Question: من إكتشف فيروس التهاب الكبد ؟


Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Context: Blumberg died on April 5, 2011, shortly after giving the keynote speech at the International Lunar Research Park Exploratory Workshop held at NASA Ames Research Center. At the time of his death Blumberg was a distinguished scientist at the NASA Lunar Science Institute, located at the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California.

Question: من إكتشف فيروس التهاب الكبد ؟