Stanley Cup

Context: Victors of the Cup have used it to baptize their children. Three players (the New York Islanders' Clark Gillies, the Anaheim Ducks' Sean O'Donnell, and the Pittsburgh Penguins' Nick Bonino) even allowed their dogs to eat out of the Cup.

Question: В честь кого был назван Кубок Стэнли?


Stanley Cup

Context: There are technically three versions of the "Stanley Cup": the original 1892 bowl or "Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup", 1963 authenticated "Presentation Cup", and the 1993 "Permanent Cup" at the Hall of Fame.

Question: В честь кого был назван Кубок Стэнли?


Stanley Cup

Context: The original 1892 "Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup", purchased and donated by Lord Stanley, was physically awarded to the Champions until 1970, and is now displayed in the Vault Room at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto, Ontario.

Question: В честь кого был назван Кубок Стэнли?


Stanley Cup

Context: The replica "Permanent Cup", was created in 1993 by Montreal silversmith Louise St. Jacques to be used as a stand-in at the Hockey Hall of Fame whenever the Presentation Cup is not available for display.

Question: В честь кого был назван Кубок Стэнли?


Stanley Cup

Context: In 2007, the Stanley Cup made its first trip into a combat zone. During the trip to Kandahar, Afghanistan from May 2 to 6, organized by the NHL, the Hockey Hall of Fame, the NHL Alumni and the Canadian Department of National Defence, the Cup was put on display for Canadian and other NATO troops. It briefly endured a rocket attack on May 3, but emerged unscathed.

Question: В честь кого был назван Кубок Стэнли?


Stanley Cup

Context: The Stanley Cup did a second tour in Afghanistan as part of a "Team Canada visit" in March 2008. In the spring of 2010 the Stanley Cup made its fourth trip to Afghanistan, accompanied by ex-players.

Question: В честь кого был назван Кубок Стэнли?


Stanley Cup

Context: On June 27, 2010, Chicago Blackhawks defenceman Brent Sopel paid tribute to his friend, former Toronto Maple Leafs general manager Brian Burke and Burke's late son, Brendan, by accompanying the Cup to the 2010 Chicago Gay Pride Parade.

Question: В честь кого был назван Кубок Стэнли?


Stanley Cup

Context: The regulations set down by Lord Stanley call for two Trustees, who had the sole, joint right to govern the Cup and the conditions of its awarding until 1947, when they ceded control to the NHL. While the original regulations allow for a Trustee to resign, to date, all Cup Trustees have served until their deaths. In the event of a vacancy, the remaining trustee names the replacement for the deceased or resigned Trustee.

Question: В честь кого был назван Кубок Стэнли?


Bald eagle

Context: The bald eagle ("Haliaeetus leucocephalus") is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle ("Haliaeetus albicilla"), which occupies the same niche as the bald eagle in the Palearctic. Its range includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico. It is found near large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply and old-growth trees for nesting.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: Bald eagles are not actually bald; the name derives from an older meaning of the word, "white headed". The adult is mainly brown with a white head and tail. The sexes are identical in plumage, but females are about 25 percent larger than males. The yellow beak is large and hooked. The plumage of the immature is brown.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States of America and appears on its seal. In the late 20th century it was on the brink of extirpation in the contiguous United States. Populations have since recovered, and the species was removed from the U.S. government's list of endangered species on July 12, 1995, and transferred to the list of threatened species. It was removed from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife in the contiguous states on June 28, 2007.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: The bald eagle is placed in the genus "Haliaeetus" (sea eagles), and gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head. "Bald" in the English name is from the older usage meaning "white" rather than "hairless", referring to the white head and tail feathers and their contrast with the darker body, as in "piebald". The genus name is New Latin: "Haliaeetus" (from the ), and the specific name, "leucocephalus", is Latinized () and ().

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: The bald eagle was one of the many species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his 18th-century work "Systema Naturae", under the name "Falco leucocephalus".

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: The bald eagle has a body length of . Typical wingspan is between and mass is normally between . Females are about 25% larger than males, averaging as much as , and against the males' average weight of .

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: The call consists of weak staccato, chirping whistles, "kleek kik ik ik ik", somewhat similar in cadence to a gull's call. The calls of young birds tend to be more harsh and shrill than those of adults.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: It has occurred as a vagrant twice in Ireland; a juvenile was shot illegally in Fermanagh on January 11, 1973 (misidentified at first as a white-tailed eagle), and an exhausted juvenile was captured in Kerry on November 15, 1987.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: Bald eagle nests are often very large in order to compensate for size of the birds. The largest recorded nest was found in Florida in 1963, and was measured at nearly 10 feet wide and 20 feet deep.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: Mammalian prey includes rabbits, hares, ground squirrels, raccoons ("Procyon lotor"), muskrats ("Ondatra zibethicus"), beavers ("Castor canadensis"), montane voles ("Microtus montanus"), brown rats ("Rattus norvegicus"), sea otter ("Enhydra lutris") pups, and deer fawns.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: In landlocked areas of North America, wintering bald eagles may become habitual predators of medium-sized mammals that occur in colonies or local concentrations, such as prairie dogs ("Cynomys" sp.) and jackrabbits ("Lepus" sp.). Like the golden eagle, bald eagles are capable of attacking jackrabbits and hares of nearly any size

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: In December 2016, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed quadrupling the number of bald eagles that can be killed by the wind electric generation industry without paying a penalty to 4,200 per year. If issued, the permits would last 30 years, six times the current 5-year permits.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: In Canada and in England a license is required to keep bald eagles for falconry. Bald eagles cannot legally be kept for falconry in the United States, but a license may be issued in some jurisdictions to allow use of such eagles in birds-of-prey flight shows.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: The bald eagle is important in various Native American cultures and, as the national bird of the United States, is prominent in seals and logos, coinage, postage stamps, and other items relating to the U.S. federal government.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: Current eagle feather law stipulates that only individuals of certifiable Native American ancestry enrolled in a federally recognized tribe are legally authorized to obtain or possess bald or golden eagle feathers for religious or spiritual use. The constitutionality of these laws has been questioned by Native American groups on the basis that it violates the First Amendment by affecting ability to practice their religion freely.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: The National Eagle Repository, a division of the FWS, exists as a means to receive, process, and store bald and golden eagles which are found dead and to distribute the eagles, their parts and feathers to federally recognized Native American tribes for use in religious ceremonies.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States of America. The founders of the United States were fond of comparing their new republic with the Roman Republic, in which eagle imagery (usually involving the golden eagle) was prominent. On June 20, 1782, the Continental Congress adopted the design for the Great Seal of the United States, depicting a bald eagle grasping 13 arrows and an olive branch with thirteen leaves with its talons.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: The bald eagle appears on most official seals of the U.S. government, including the presidential seal, the presidential flag, and in the logos of many U.S. federal agencies. Between 1916 and 1945, the presidential flag (but not the seal) showed an eagle facing to its left (the viewer's right), which gave rise to the urban legend that the flag is changed to have the eagle face towards the olive branch in peace, and towards the arrows in wartime.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: Contrary to popular legend, there is no evidence that Benjamin Franklin ever publicly supported the wild turkey ("Meleagris gallopavo"), rather than the bald eagle, as a symbol of the United States. However, in a letter written to his daughter in 1784 from Paris, criticizing the Society of the Cincinnati, he stated his personal distaste for the bald eagle's behavior. In the letter Franklin states:

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: Franklin opposed the creation of the Society because he viewed it, with its hereditary membership, as a noble order unwelcome in the newly independent Republic, contrary to the ideals of Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, for whom the Society was named. His reference to the two kinds of birds is interpreted as a satirical comparison between the Society of the Cincinnati and Cincinnatus.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Bald eagle

Context: Largely because of its role as a symbol of the United States, but also because of its being a large predator, the bald eagle has many representations in popular culture. In film and television depictions the call of the red-tailed hawk, which is much louder and more powerful, is often substituted for bald eagles.

Question: Чем питается белоголо́вый орла́н?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: The teaching of Orthodox Jews and some Christian denominations, such as Conservative Anabaptists and the Methodists of the conservative holiness movement, continue to enjoin women to wear full-length dresses, rather than trousers in order to maintain what they see as a distinction in the sexes.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In 1851, early women's rights advocate Elizabeth Smith Miller introduced Amelia Bloomer to a garment initially known as the "Turkish dress", which featured a knee-length skirt over Turkish-style pantaloons. Bloomer came to advocate and promote the dress, including instructions for making it, in "The Lily", a newspaper dedicated to the "Emancipation of Woman from Intemperance, Injustice, Prejudice, and Bigotry". This inspired a craze for the dress, which came to be known as bloomers.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucy Stone, other early advocates for women's rights, also adopted this style of dress in the 1850s, referring to it as the "freedom dress".

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Concurrently, some female laborers, notably the pit brow women working at coal pits in the Wigan area, began wearing trousers beneath a short skirt as a practical component of their uniform. This attracted the attention of the public, and various photographers produced records of the women's unconventional manner of dress through the mid- to late 19th century.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: An updated version of the bloomer, for athletic use, was introduced in the 1890s as women's bicycling came into fashion. As activities such as tennis, cycling, and horseback riding became more popular at the turn of the century, women turned to trousers or knickerbockers to provide comfort and freedom of movement in these activities, and some laws made allowances for women's wearing of trousers during these activities.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: However, arrests for women wearing trousers did not cease. For instance, in 1919, labor leader Luisa Capetillo became the first woman in Puerto Rico to wear trousers in public. Capetillo was sent to jail for what was then considered to be a crime in Puerto Rico, although the judge later dropped the charges against her. She would repeat this act of rebellion again stepping off the boat into Cuba where the judge was not so lenient leading to her serving time.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Actresses Marlene Dietrich and Katharine Hepburn were often photographed in trousers in the 1930s, showing how the style had spread from the working class and Dietrich famously appearing in a black tuxedo and matching fedora at the 1932 premiere of "The Sign of the Cross".

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Eleanor Roosevelt became the first First Lady to appear in trousers at a formal function, presiding over the Easter Egg Roll in 1933 wearing riding trousers, a consequence of not having time to change after an early morning ride. However, she seemed to embrace the unconventional circumstance, posing for a photo in the trousers on the South Portico of the White House.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Similarly, in Britain, because of the rationing of clothing, many women took to wearing their husbands' civilian clothes to work while their husbands were away in the armed forces. This was partly because they were seen as work garments, and partly to allow women to keep their clothing allowance for other uses. As the men's clothes wore out, replacements were needed, so that by the summer of 1944 it was reported that sales of women's trousers were five times more than in the previous year.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Jeans (and Bermuda shorts) were prohibited entirely for female students at Penn State University until 1954, when the ban was lifted only for off-campus events.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In the 1960s, André Courrèges introduced jeans for women, leading to the era of designer jeans. And in 1966, Yves Saint Laurent introduced "Le Smoking", a woman's tuxedo intended for formal occasions, famously photographed by Helmut Newton in a manner emphasising the wearer's androgyny and suggesting lesbian overtones.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Also in 1969, Barbra Streisand became the first woman to attend the Oscars in trousers, accepting an award for her role in "Funny Girl" dressed in an outfit designed by Arnold Scaasi.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In 1972, Pat Nixon was the first American First Lady to model trousers in a national magazine. However, First Ladies had been seen earlier wearing trousers, including Lou Hoover (photographed privately wearing riding trousers at the presidential retreat Camp Rapidan) and Jackie Kennedy (photographed wearing trousers and a sweater on Cape Cod in 1960 and wearing palazzo pants in Italy in 1962).

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In 1972, the Education Amendments of 1972 passed in the United States, which, as part of the Title IX non-discrimination provisions, declared that dresses could not be required of girls. Dress codes thus changed in public schools across the United States.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In the 1970s, trousers became quite fashionable for women. Jane Fonda, Diana Ross, Katharine Hepburn, Tatum O'Neal, and Diane Keaton all helped to popularise the wearing of trousers, appearing at high-profile awards ceremonies dressed in suits or trouser ensembles; Tatum O'Neal notably accepted an Oscar at age 10 while wearing a tuxedo.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In the 1980s in Puerto Rico, Ana Irma Rivera Lassén was not allowed to enter court in trousers and was told to wear a skirt. She sued the judge and won.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In 1989 California state senator Rebecca Morgan became the first woman to wear trousers in a U.S. state senate.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Women were not allowed to wear trousers on the U.S. Senate floor until 1993, although the rule was seldom enforced. In 1993, Senators Barbara Mikulski and Carol Moseley Braun wore trousers onto the floor in defiance of the rule, and female support staff followed soon after, with the rule being amended later that year by Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Martha Pope to allow women to wear trousers on the floor.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Since 2004 the International Skating Union has allowed women to wear trousers instead of skirts in competition if they wish.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In 2013, a bylaw requiring women in Paris, France to ask permission from city authorities before "dressing as men", including wearing trousers (with exceptions for those "holding a bicycle handlebar or the reins of a horse") was declared officially revoked by France's Women's Rights Minister, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem. The bylaw was originally intended to prevent women from wearing the pantalons fashionable with Parisian rebels in the French Revolution.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a sari amounts to cruelty inflicted by the husband and can be a grounds for divorce. The wife was thus granted a divorce on the ground of cruelty as defined under section 27(1)(d) of Special Marriage Act, 1954.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In 2012 the Royal Canadian Mounted Police began to allow women to wear trousers and boots with all their formal uniforms.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Until 2016 some female crew members on British Airways were required to wear British Airways' standard "ambassador" uniform, which has not traditionally included trousers.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In 2017, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints announced that its female employees could wear "professional pantsuits and dress slacks" while at work; dresses and skirts had previously been required. In 2018 that same church declared that their female missionaries could wear dress slacks if they wanted, except when attending the temple and during Sunday worship services, baptismal services, and mission leadership and zone conferences.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In 2022, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit ruled against the Charter Day School in North Carolina, which had required girls to wear skirts due to the idea that girls are "fragile vessels" deserving "gentle" treatment from boys. The court ruled the requirement was unconstitutional.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: There are a number of denominations within mainstream religions, such as in Judaism and Christianity, that wish to enforce what they see as a distinction in the sexes, as well as the prohibition of women revealing the contour legs, requiring all women and young girls to wear a long dress or skirt rather than trousers.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: In Orthodox Judaism, the wearing of trousers by women, which they consider to be men's clothing, is forbidden biblically under the prohibition of "Lo Silbash" in the Bible ("A woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man", ). As such, Orthodox Jewish women wear headcoverings, as well as dresses whose sleeves extend beyond the elbows and hemlines fall below the knees.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Some Quaker Christian groups, the Central Yearly Meeting of Friends, practice the wearing of plain dress, in which females wear dresses with sleeves that do not expose elbows and hemlines that reach the mid-calf level or skirts that are similarly designed (cf. "testimony of simplicity").

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Pentecostal Christian women typically wear long skirts because of the Biblical commandment in the Old Testament that women must not wear men's clothing; this is mandatory in Holiness Pentecostal churches (such as the Apostolic Faith Church), as well as in Oneness Pentecostal churches (such as the United Pentecostal Church).

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Many Independent Fundamental Baptist churches, colleges and universities prohibit females from wearing trousers. For example, at Pensacola Christian College, female students may only wear trousers or shorts for "recreational purposes" only. They are also required to wear skirts or dresses until 5:00 PM on workdays.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Trousers as women's clothing

Context: Many forms of dancing require females to wear skirts or dresses, either by convention or competition rules. In Scottish highland dancing, for example, women do not wear trews, but instead either wear a skirt or dress including the Aboyne dress (for the national dances) or the kilt-based outfit for the Highland dances. However, tartan trews can be worn by women in the United States.

Question: С какого года женщины могут носить штаны?


Minsk District

Context: The administrative seat is the city of Minsk, administratively separated from the "raion". The most populated town of the proper "raion" is Zaslawye.

Question: Минск входит в состав Ми́нской о́бласти?


Minsk District

Context: The district is situated both in the middle of Minsk Region and of the Belarus. It is crossed by the Svislach River and the towns around Minsk are part of its metropolitan area.

Question: Минск входит в состав Ми́нской о́бласти?


Minsk District

Context: It borders, from north to south in a clockwise sense, with the districts of Vilejka, Lahoysk, Smalyavichy, Chervyen, Pukhavichy, Uzda, Dzyarzhynsk, Valozhyn and Maladzyechna.

Question: Минск входит в состав Ми́нской о́бласти?


Minsk District

Context: The district is divided into 18 rural councils ("sieĺsaviets") and 37 municipalities (including Minsk).

Question: Минск входит в состав Ми́нской о́бласти?


Minsk District

Context: The 18 "sieĺsaviets" are: Astrašycki Haradok, Baraŭliany, Harani, Ždanovičy, Juzufova, Kalodziščy, Krupica, Lašany, Luhavaja Slabada, Michanavičy, Novy Dvor, Papiernia, Piatryški, Samachvalavičy, Sienica, Chaciežyna, Šaršuny, Ščomyslica.

Question: Минск входит в состав Ми́нской о́бласти?


Minsk District

Context: The 37 municipalities counts one autonomous city (Minsk), one town (Zaslawye), one urban-type settlement (Machulishi), and 34 simple municipalities (Population as of 2009).

Question: Минск входит в состав Ми́нской о́бласти?


Crime in Russia

Context: Crime in Russia refers to the multivalent issues of organized crime, extensive political and police corruption, and all aspects of criminality at play in Russia. Violent crime has been on a decline in Russia. Violent crime in Siberia is much more apparent than in Western Russia.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: In 2016, the murder rate in Russia was 7 per 100,000 people, according to Rosstat (the Russian Federal State Statistics Service). According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the homicide rate was 7.3 in 2020 compared to 10.9 in 2016, a significant decrease over the previous 20 years (in 2000, the homicide rate was 28.1), and only slightly higher than the United States (6.3). In 2017, Moscow recorded the lowest crime rate in over a decade.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia had a higher homicide rate – nearly ten per 100,000 people per year. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the rate remained stable and it was lower than in the United States. There was a rise in the homicide rate in the mid-1960s and 1970s which peaked in 1980, and then slowly declined in until 1985, and then it fell rapidly in 1986–1987.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Until the late 1980s, homicide rates in Russia were nearly similar to that in the United States. The increase in homicide rate in Russia began slightly earlier than 1990, and rose throughout the 1990s. Homicides were more common in Russia than in the Baltic states in 1991 and nearly doubled in frequency by 1994–1995. In 2003, the homicide rate in Russia was among the highest in the world. However, by 2017, homicide rate in Russia had fallen by 75%.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: In the early 1980s, an estimated "two-thirds of murders and violent crimes were committed by intoxicated persons". In 1995, about three quarters of those arrested for homicide were under the influence of alcohol. According to Russia's health minister, alcohol consumption fell by 80% from 2013 to 2018.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: The age pattern of homicide victimization rates in Russia is different compared to that of the United States. In 2001, 32% of the homicide victims in Russia were under the age of thirty-five, and 30% of the victims were fifty years or older. There is a wide range of variation in homicide rates throughout Russia. The homicide rate is relatively high in Siberia and Russian Far East compared to European Russia.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Drug trafficking and illicit drug use is a significant problem in Russia. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, the civil war in Afghanistan, the civil war in Tajikistan, and the conflicts in the North Caucasus have made the favorable conditions for the development of illegal drug trade. In the early 1990s, use of cocaine was increasingly noted among the young population of the nation.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: In the mid-1990s, the growing drug abuse that appeared in Russia was caused by lack of border controls, and the country became one of the world's major transit corridors of drug trafficking. The entrance of producers of cocaine of South America in the Russian market was proved by intercepting cocaine shipments in Saint Petersburg in 1993. As of 1996 internal production of narcotic substances was also rising in Russia.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Limited quantity of illicit cannabis is cultivated in the country. Opium poppies and marijuana are cultivated illegally in the Southern Federal District. Russia is one of the two major drug producers along with Morocco, and one of the five major drug trafficking entry points along with

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Iran, Turkey, Italy and Spain in the Mediterranean region. The drug trafficking also involves the supply of opium, heroin and marijuana from Central Asia and the Golden Crescent, comprising Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Between 1993 and 1995, the annual amount of seized narcotic substances increased from thirty-five tons to ninety tons. At present approximately 5 million people use illicit drugs in Russia. Russia has the biggest heroin problem along with

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: In two major anti-drug operations in 1997, fifty metric tons of narcotic substances were seized and approximately 1,400 criminal organizations engaged in drug trafficking were disrupted or destroyed. In March 2003, Russian President Vladimir Putin established the Russian State Committee for Control over the

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Illegal Trafficking of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances for combating drug trafficking with more coordinated manner.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Arms trafficking has become a significant problem in the Russian Federation following the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The former Eastern Bloc countries (including Russia) are the source of the majority of illegal weapons in circulation around the world. Illegal arms possession is a problem in many regions in the nation, especially in the areas suffering from insurgency such as Chechnya and Dagestan.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Russian troops play an important role in arms trafficking especially in the war zones. Poor salary for service persons coupled with lack of control over weapon storage resulted in troop involvement in illegal arms trade. The Chief of the General Staff Anatoly Kvashnin publicly stated in 2003 that increasing corruption left the Russian military in a "post-critical state".

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: There have been accusations and counter-accusations between Russia and Georgia regarding illegal arms selling to Chechen separatists. Russia alleged that Chechen separatists received weapons through illegal networks going to Chechnya through Georgia and Azerbaijan. On the other hand, Georgia accused Russia of corruption on military bases, poor security infrastructure and low professionalism among Russian troops as the reasons behind the spread of illegal weapons.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: The types of firearms in illegal possession varies throughout the nation: in Siberia unregistered hunting rifles are the primarily found illegal weapons while in Chechnya the predominant illicit arms are illegally held military weapons. Small arms are illegally proliferated from the main centers of small arms manufacturing, Tula and Izhevsk. In 2003 an estimated 300,000 to 1.5 million illegal arms were in circulation within Russia.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: According to the statistics from the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, 1.5 times more people were arrested for gunrunning in 2001 than in 2000; in total 26,113 arrests were made and 65,000 crimes were committed using illegal arms. In 2000, the number of seized unregistered firearms was 300,000, which was a 37% increase compared with 1999. Many Russian criminal organizations, aside from arms trafficking in Russia, provide weapons to the separatists groups in Chechnya.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: However several attempts were made to combat arms trafficking. Small arms manufacturers in the country have tightened their security systems. Special prosecutors’ offices, which were originally set up in the 1950s for supervising secrecy in nuclear facilities, have been given the responsibility of the security of defense plants and curbing the theft of small arms from the plants. The Government of Russia has undertaken a program to increase security at arms storage facilities at military bases.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Poaching was extremely uncommon in the Soviet Union, but has recently become a significant problem in the country. The main cause for poaching in Russia is the consequence of the social and political changes since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. State-controlled farms stopped functioning due to the fall of the previous system resulting in high unemployment. Unemployment, poverty, inflation, shortage of food and demand for foreign currency have major impact on the wildlife in the country.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Between 1992 and 1996, law enforcement agencies in Russia mainly focused on drug trafficking, arms trafficking, money laundering and

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: It is believed that sharp increase in poaching in the first half of the 1990s resulted in rapid decrease of the Siberian tiger population. According to estimation, there were 330 to 371 adult Siberian tigers in the Russian Far East in 1996 while the number was 600 at the end of the 1980s. During the communist rule, borders were closed and access to the Asian demand for tiger products was almost non-existent. Due to this, from 1972 to 1992, poaching was not reported.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: However several attempts were made to combat commercial poaching of animals. Operation Amba, started to curtail the poaching of Siberian tigers in the Russian Far East, is credited for bringing the Amur tiger back from the brink of extinction in the mid-1990s.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Major General Vitaly Ivanovich Gamov, a Deputy Commander of the Pacific Regional Directorate of the Border Guard Service of Russia, was killed in 2002 in his house after refusing to take bribes and allow poachers to outsource their recourse to Japan.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: In January 2009, the Altaigate Scandal developed after the Plenipotentiary of the Russian President in the State Duma was killed along with 6 other officials in the helicopter crash accident (poaching for legally protected argali mountain sheep) and an entire investigation was concealed from the public.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Corruption in the police force is a significant problem in the country. First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs Vladimir Vasilev claimed that 1,700 police persons were convicted of bribery or abuse of office in 2001 and the problem of corruption was under control. But according to most observers, in reality the level of police corruption is much higher and state officials like to downplay the problem of corruption.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Political analyst Andrei Piontkovsky said in an article written in early 2000 that the then current political system in Russia was "the highest stage of robber capitalism”. He believes that "Russia is not corrupt. Corruption is what happens in all countries when businessmen offer officials large bribes for favors. Today's Russia is unique. The businessmen, the politicians, and the bureaucrats are the same people. They have privatized the country's wealth and taken control of its financial flows."

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: The crime rate in Russia sharply increased during the late 1980s. The fall of Marxist-Leninist governments in Eastern Europe had tremendous influence on the political economy of organized crime.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: that provided social security and a minimal standard of living for the population, and law and order across the country broke down resulting in outbreak of crime. In the transition to a free market economy, production fell and there was huge capital flight coupled with low foreign investment.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: From 1991 to 1992, the number of both officially reported crimes and the overall crime rate increased by 27%. By the early 1990s, theft, burglary, and other property crimes accounted for nearly two-thirds of all crime in the country. There was a rapid growth of violent crime, including homicides. There was the burgeoning black market of firearms, many of them were pilfered from stockpiles of the former Soviet Army.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: The internationalization of the Russian Mafia along with the Sicilian Mafia, the Camorra, the Triads and the Yakuza played a vital role in the development of transnational crime involving Russia.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: After the economic situation improved since the beginning of the 2000s, the crime in Russia has taken a sharp decline.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Russia's economy experienced a 40% GDP decline in the 1990s, [3] and this led to an explosion of crime. In 1990, the number of registered crime was 1.84 million. This figure increased to 2.8 million in 1993, then fell slightly. In 1996, there were a total of 2.63 million officially registered crimes, which was more than 40% higher than in 1990. In 1999, total reported crime was 3 million, and it continued to increase in 2000 and 2001, and then fell in 2002.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Among white-collar crimes, swindling increased 67.2 percent, and extortion 37.5 percent, in 1995. Among the conventional crimes reported in 1995, homicide and attempted murder increased 1.5%, rape 6.5%, burglaries 6.6%. Serious crimes by teenagers increased by 2.2 percent in 1995.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: In the first four months in 1994, Russia averaged eighty-four murders per day. Many of those crimes were contract killings by criminal organizations. The 1995 national crime total exceeded 1.3 million, including 30,600 cases of homicide.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: 2017 was a very good year for Moscow, which saw the lowest number of crimes (140,000) in a decade. [1] Theft, burglary and armed robbery dropped up to 38 percent since the previous year, while the murder rate dropped by 10 percent. Crime statistics of Moscow for 1995 included a total of 93,560 cases of crime, of which 18,500 were white-collar crimes, an increase of 8.3% over 1994.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: The majority of car thefts were reported from Moscow and Saint Petersburg, which increased through the first half of the 1990s. In Moscow an estimated fifty cars were stolen per day, with the estimated yearly total for Russia between 100,000 and 150,000.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: In the early 1980s, an estimated "two-thirds of murders and violent crimes were committed by intoxicated persons; and drunk drivers were responsible for 14,000 traffic deaths and 60,000 serious traffic injuries". In 1995, about three quarters of those arrested for homicide were under the influence of alcohol.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: A 1997 report published in the "Journal of Family Violence", found that among male perpetrators of spousal homicide, 60–75% of offenders had been drinking before the incident. In a 2004 study of domestic violence in the Central Black Earth Region of Russia, 77% of offenders of violent crime towards family members were frequent drinkers - 12% engaged in regular binge drinking three or four times a month, 30% three times a week or more, and 35% every day or almost every day.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: Homicide/murder rate in Russia has fallen dramatically in the last two decades. The homicide rate in Russia more than tripled between 1988 and 1994 and was among the highest in the world. However, by 2017, the murder rate in Russia was only slightly higher than in the US (6 versus 5.6).

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: The main crime for tourists to watch out for in Russia is pickpockets, which can be found at multiple places in Moscow (e.g. St. Basil's Cathedral, Red Square, Moscow Metro) and St. Petersburg (e.g. The State Hermitage Museum, Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, Peterhof Grand Palace). Another that may affect tourists include fake alcohol which have been ongoing for years.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Crime in Russia

Context: As for scams, the main ones to watch out for include taxi scams, fake amber, fake ballet tickets, and "Would you like a drink" bar scam.

Question: Через Таджикистан поставлялись наркотики в Россию в 2018?


Kingdom of England

Context: The Kingdom of England (Latin: "Regnum Anglorum", "Kingdom of the English") was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 12 July 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Kingdom of England was among the most powerful states in Europe during the medieval period.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: The Anglo-Saxons referred to themselves as the "Engle" or the "Angelcynn", originally names of the Angles. They called their land "Engla land", meaning "land of the English",

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: The kingdom of England emerged from the gradual unification of the early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdoms known as the Heptarchy: East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex. The Viking invasions of the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms, and native Anglo-Saxon life in general. The English lands were unified in the 10th century in a reconquest completed by King Æthelstan in A.D. 927.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: During the Heptarchy, the most powerful king among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms might become acknowledged as Bretwalda, a high king over the other kings. The decline of Mercia allowed Wessex to become more powerful, absorbing the kingdoms of Kent and Sussex in 825. The kings of Wessex increasingly dominated the other kingdoms of England during the 9th century. In 827, Northumbria submitted to Egbert of Wessex at Dore, briefly making Egbert the first king to reign over a united England.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: The Welsh language—derived from the British language, continued to be spoken by the majority of the population of Wales for at least another 500 years, and is still a majority language in parts of the country.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: Wales retained a separate legal and administrative system, which had been established by Edward I in the late 13th century. The country was divided between the Marcher Lords, who gave feudal allegiance to the crown, and the Principality of Wales. Under the Tudor monarchy, Henry VIII replaced the laws of Wales with those of England (under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542). Wales was incorporated into the Kingdom of England, and henceforth was represented in the Parliament of England.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: During the 1530s, Henry VIII overthrew the power of the Roman Catholic Church within the kingdom, replacing the pope as head of the English Church and seizing the Church's lands, thereby facilitating the creation of a variation of Catholicism that became more Protestant over time. This had the effect of aligning England with Scotland, which also gradually adopted a Protestant religion, whereas the most important continental powers, France and Spain, remained Roman Catholic.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: In 1541, during Henry VIII's reign, the Parliament of Ireland proclaimed him king of Ireland, thereby bringing the Kingdom of Ireland into personal union with the Kingdom of England.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: Calais, the last remaining continental possession of the Kingdom, was lost in 1558, during the reign of Philip and Mary I. Their successor, Elizabeth I, consolidated the new and increasingly Protestant Church of England. She also began to build up the kingdom's naval strength, on the foundations Henry VIII had laid down. By 1588, her new navy was strong enough to defeat the Spanish Armada, which had sought to invade England to put a Catholic monarch on the throne in her place.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: The House of Tudor ended with the death of Elizabeth I on 24 March 1603. James I ascended the throne of England and brought it into personal union with the Kingdom of Scotland. Despite the Union of the Crowns, the kingdoms remained separate and independent states: a state of affairs which lasted for more than a century.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: The Stuart kings overestimated the power of the English monarchy, and were cast down by Parliament in 1645 and 1688. In the first instance, Charles I's introduction of new forms of taxation in defiance of Parliament led to the English Civil War (1641–45), in which the king was defeated, and to the abolition of the monarchy under Oliver Cromwell during the Interregnum of 1649–1660. Henceforth, the monarch could reign only at the will of Parliament.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: In April 1653 Cromwell and the other "Grandees" of the New Model Army, frustrated with the members of the Rump Parliament who would not pass legislation to dissolve the Rump and to allow a new more representative parliament to be elected, stopped the Rump's session by force of arms and declared the Rump dissolved.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: Richard proved to be ineffectual and was unable to maintain his rule. He resigned his title and retired into obscurity. The Rump Parliament was recalled and there was a second period where the executive power lay with the Council of state. But this restoration of Commonwealth rule, similar to that before the Protectorate, proved to be unstable, and the exiled claimant, Charles II, was restored to the throne in 1660.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: Following the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, an attempt by James II to reintroduce Roman Catholicism—a century after its suppression by the Tudors—led to the Glorious Revolution of 1688, in which he was deposed by Parliament. The Crown was then offered by Parliament to James II's Protestant daughter and son-in-law/nephew, William III and Mary II.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: A Treaty of Union was agreed on 22 July 1706, and following the Acts of Union of 1707, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain, the independence of the kingdoms of England and Scotland came to an end on 1 May 1707. The Acts of Union created a customs union and monetary union and provided that any "laws and statutes" that were "contrary to or inconsistent with the terms" of the Acts would "cease and become void".

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: Unlike the partly self-governing boroughs that covered urban areas, the counties of medieval England existed primarily as a means of enforcing central government power, enabling monarchs to exercise control over local areas through their chosen representatives – originally sheriffs and later the lord-lieutenants – and their subordinate justices of the peace.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: Counties were used initially for the administration of justice, collection of taxes and organisation of the military, and later for local government and electing parliamentary representation.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: Some outlying counties were from time to time accorded palatine status with some military and central government functions vested in a local noble or bishop. The last such, the County Palatine of Durham, did not lose this special status until the 19th century.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: The power of the feudal barons to control their landholding was considerably weakened in 1290 by the statute of "Quia Emptores". Feudal baronies became perhaps obsolete (but not extinct) on the abolition of feudal tenure during the Civil War, as confirmed by the Tenures Abolition Act 1660 passed under the Restoration which took away knight-service and other legal rights.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: Tenure by knight-service was abolished and discharged and the lands covered by such tenures, including once-feudal baronies, were henceforth held by socage ("i.e.", in exchange for monetary rents).

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: The English "Fitzwalter Case" in 1670 ruled that barony by tenure had been discontinued for many years and any claims to a peerage on such basis, meaning a right to sit in the House of Lords, were not to be revived, nor any right of succession based on them.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Kingdom of England

Context: At the same time the Council of Wales was created in 1472, a Council of the North was set up for the northern counties of England. After falling into disuse, it was re-established in 1537 and abolished in 1641. A very short-lived Council of the West also existed for the West Country between 1537 and 1540.

Question: Как называлась первая правящая династия Англии?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: While many Catholics initially welcomed the British Army as a neutral force – in contrast to the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), which was regarded as a sectarian police force – relations between them soon deteriorated.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Some of the crowd spotted paratroopers occupying a derelict three-story building overlooking William Street, and began throwing stones up at the windows. At about 3:55p.m., these paratroopers opened fire. Civilians Damien Donaghy and John Johnston were shot and wounded while standing on waste ground opposite the building. These were the first shots fired. The soldiers claimed Donaghy was holding a black cylindrical object, but the Saville Inquiry concluded that all of those shot were unarmed.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: One group of paratroopers took up position at a low wall about in front of a rubble barricade that stretched across Rossville Street. There were people at the barricade and some were throwing stones at the soldiers, but were not near enough to hit them. The soldiers fired on the people at the barricade, killing six and wounding a seventh.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: A large group of people fled or were chased into the car park of Rossville Flats. This area was like a courtyard, surrounded on three sides by high-rise flats. The soldiers opened fire, killing one civilian and wounding six others. This fatality, Jackie Duddy, was running alongside a priest, Edward Daly, when he was shot in the back.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: About ten minutes had elapsed between the time soldiers drove into the Bogside and the time the last of the civilians was shot. More than 100 rounds were fired by the soldiers. No warnings were given before soldiers opened fire.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: All of the soldiers responsible insisted that they had shot at, and hit, gunmen or bomb-throwers. No soldier said he missed his target and hit someone else by mistake. The Saville Report concluded that all of those shot were unarmed and that none were posing a serious threat. It also concluded that none of the soldiers fired in response to attacks, or threatened attacks, by gunmen or bomb-throwers.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Harold Wilson, then the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons, reiterated his belief that a united Ireland was the only possible solution to Northern Ireland's Troubles. William Craig, then Stormont Home Affairs Minister, suggested that the west bank of Derry should be ceded to the Republic of Ireland.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: On 22 February 1972, the 'Official' IRA attempted to retaliate for Bloody Sunday by detonating a car bomb at Aldershot military barracks, headquarters of 16th Parachute Brigade, killing seven ancillary staff.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: An inquest into the deaths was held in August 1973. The city's coroner, Hubert O'Neill, a retired British Army major, issued a statement at the completion of the inquest. He declared:

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: At the end of 1972, Wilford, who was directly in charge of the soldiers involved in Bloody Sunday and Shankill, was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Two days after Bloody Sunday, the British Parliament adopted a resolution for a tribunal into the shootings, resulting in Prime Minister Edward Heath commissioning the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Widgery, to undertake it. Many witnesses intended to boycott the tribunal as they lacked faith in Widgery's impartiality, but many were eventually persuaded to take part.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Widgery stated there was no evidence the paratroopers were sent to "flush out any IRA gunmen in the Bogside" or to punish its residents for opposing the British Army. The Saville Inquiry also trawled classified documents and found no evidence of such a plan, but said "It is of course possible for plans to be hatched in secret and kept out of documents".

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Most witnesses to the event disputed the report's conclusions and regarded it as a whitewash, the slogan, "Widgery washes whiter" – a play on the contemporary advertisement for Daz soap powder – emblazoned on walls in Derry, crystallized the views of many nationalists about the report.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: In 1992, British Prime Minister John Major, replying to John Hume's request for a new public inquiry, stated: "The Government made clear in 1974 that those who were killed on 'Bloody Sunday' should be regarded as innocent of any allegation that they were shot whilst handling firearms or explosives". Major was succeeded by Tony Blair. Blair's chief aide, Jonathan Powell, later described Widgery as a "complete and utter whitewash".

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Many observers allege that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) acted in a way to impede the inquiry. Over 1,000 Army photographs and original Army helicopter video footage were never made available. Furthermore, guns used by the soldiers on Bloody Sunday, which could have been evidence in the inquiry, were lost by the MoD. The MoD claimed all the guns had been destroyed, but some were later recovered in various locations (such as Sierra Leone and Beirut) despite the obstruction.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: By the time the inquiry had retired to write up its findings it had interviewed over 900 witnesses over seven years, making it the biggest investigation in British legal history. It was also the longest and most expensive, taking twelve years and costing . The inquiry was expected to report in late 2009 but was delayed until after the 2010 general election.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Reporting on the findings of the Saville Inquiry in the House of Commons, British Prime Minister David Cameron said:

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Stephen Pollard, a solicitor representing several of the soldiers, claimed that the report had cherry-picked the evidence and did not have justification for its findings.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Following the publication of the Saville Report, a murder investigation was begun by the Police Service of Northern Ireland's Legacy Investigation Branch. On 10 November 2015, a 66-year-old former member of the Parachute Regiment was arrested for questioning over the deaths of William Nash, Michael McDaid and John Young. He was released on bail shortly after.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: In July 2021, the Public Prosecution Service decided it would no longer prosecute "Soldier F" because statements from 1972 were deemed inadmissible as evidence. On 13 July 2021 Social Democratic and Labour Party MP Colum Eastwood revealed the name of "Soldier F" using parliamentary privilege. On 17 July "Village" magazine published the identity of "Soldier F" and some pictures of him at the time of the massacre.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: In March 2022, the High Court overturned the decision not to press charges against Soldier F and ordered the Public Prosecution Service to reconsider the case. The PPS subsequently appealed the court's decision to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: In the following twenty years, the Provisional IRA and other smaller republican groups such as the Irish National Liberation Army stepped up their armed campaigns against the state and those seen as being in service to it. With rival paramilitary organisations appearing in both the republican and loyalist communities (such as the UDA, Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), etc. on the loyalist side), the Troubles cost the lives of thousands of people.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: In 1979, the Provisional IRA killed 18 British soldiers in the Warrenpoint ambush, most of them paratroopers. This happened the same day the IRA assassinated Lord Mountbatten. Republicans portrayed the attack as belated retaliation for Bloody Sunday, with graffiti declaring "13 gone and not forgotten, we got 18 and Mountbatten".

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: In 2012 a serving British soldier from Belfast was charged with inciting hatred, due to their use of online social media to post sectarian slurs about the killings along with banners of the Parachute Regiment.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Paul McCartney (who is of Irish descent) recorded the first song in response only two days after the incident. The single, entitled "Give Ireland Back to the Irish", expressed his views on the matter. This song was one of few McCartney released with Wings to be banned by the BBC.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: The 1972 John Lennon album "Some Time in New York City" features a song entitled "Sunday Bloody Sunday", inspired by the incident, as well as the song "The Luck of the Irish", which dealt more with the Irish conflict in general. Lennon, who was of Irish descent, also spoke at a protest in New York in support of the victims and families of Bloody Sunday.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Irish poet Thomas Kinsella's 1972 poem "Butcher's Dozen" is a satirical and angry response to the Widgery Tribunal and the events of Bloody Sunday.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Black Sabbath's Geezer Butler (also of Irish descent) wrote the lyrics to the Black Sabbath song "Sabbath Bloody Sabbath" on the album of the same name in 1973. Butler stated, "…the Sunday Bloody Sunday thing had just happened in Ireland, when the British troops opened fire on the Irish demonstrators… So I came up with the title 'Sabbath Bloody Sabbath', and sort of put it in how the band was feeling at the time, getting away from management, mixed with the state Ireland was in."

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: The Roy Harper song "All Ireland" from the album "Lifemask", written in the days following the incident, is critical of the military but takes a long-term view with regard to a solution. In Harper's book ("The Passions of Great Fortune"), his comment on the song ends "…there must always be some hope that the children of 'Bloody Sunday', on both sides, can grow into some wisdom".

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Brian Friel's 1973 play "The Freedom of the City" deals with the incident from the viewpoint of three civilians.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Irish poet Seamus Heaney's "Casualty" (published in "Field Work," 1981) criticises Britain for the death of his friend.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Christy Moore's song "Minds Locked Shut" on the album "Graffiti Tongue" is all about the events of the day, and names the dead civilians.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: The events of the day have been dramatised in two 2002 television films, "Bloody Sunday" (starring James Nesbitt) and "Sunday" by Jimmy McGovern.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: The Celtic metal band Cruachan addressed the incident in a song "Bloody Sunday" from their 2002 album "Folk-Lore".

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: Willie Doherty, a Derry-born artist, has amassed a large body of work which addresses the troubles in Northern Ireland. "30 January 1972" deals specifically with the events of Bloody Sunday.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Bloody Sunday (1972)

Context: In October 2010, T with the Maggies released the song "Domhnach na Fola" (Irish for "Bloody Sunday"), written by Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh and Tríona Ní Dhomhnaill on their debut album.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в «Крова́вое воскресе́нье»?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: The Second Battle of Naktong Bulge was an engagement between United Nations Command (UN) and North Korean forces early in the Korean War from September 1 to September 15, 1950, along the Naktong River in South Korea. It was a part of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously. The battle ended in a victory for the United Nations after large numbers of United States Army (US) troops repelled a strong Korean People's Army (KPA) attack.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: After the First Battle of Naktong Bulge, the US 2nd Infantry Division was moved to defend the Naktong River line. The division, which was untried in combat, was struck with a strong attack by several KPA divisions which crossed the river and struck all along the division's line. The force of the attack split the 2nd Infantry Division in half, and the KPA were able to penetrate to Yongsan, promoting a fight there.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: The urgency of the threat to Pusan Perimeter prompted the US Marine Corps 1st Provisional Marine Brigade to be brought in to reinforce the US Army troops. In two weeks of heavy fighting, the US forces were able to force the KPA out of the Naktong Bulge region. The KPA were outflanked by the Inchon landings on 15 September and on 16 September the UN forces began their breakout from the Pusan Perimeter which drove the KPA from the area.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: On August 20, the KPA commands distributed operations orders to their subordinate units. The plan called for a simultaneous five-prong attack against the UN lines. These attacks would overwhelm the UN defenders and allow the KPA to break through the lines in at least one place to force the UN forces back. Five battle groupings were ordered. The center attack called for the KPA 9th, 4th, 2nd and 10th Divisions to break through the US 2nd Infantry Division at the Naktong Bulge to Miryang and Yongsan.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: Kouma's patrol was then ambushed by a group of KPA dressed in US military uniforms. Kouma was wounded and the other three vehicles had to withdraw, but he held the Agok site until 07:30 the next morning with his single tank. In the attack against A Company, the KPA hit the 1st Platoon, which was near Agok, but they did not find the 2nd Platoon northward.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: Meanwhile, north of Agok and A Company's position, B Company, 9th Infantry, held a similar position on Hill 209 overlooking the Paekchin ferry crossing of the river. This ferry was located at the middle of the Naktong Bulge where the Yongsan road came down to the Naktong and crossed it. The US 2nd Infantry Division had planned a reconnaissance mission to start from there the night of August 31, the same night that the KPA I Corps offensive rolled across the river.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: By 21:00, the closest front line unit was B Company on top of Hill 209, north of the river road which curved around the hill's southern base. The regimental chaplain, Captain Lewis B. Sheen, had gone forward in the afternoon to B Company to hold services. On top of Hill 209, Chaplain Sheen and men in B Company after dark heard splashing in the water below them. They soon discovered a long line of KPA soldiers wading the river.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: From 21:30 until shortly after midnight the KPA 9th Division crossed the Naktong at a number of places and climbed the hills quietly toward the 9th Infantry river line positions. Then, when the artillery barrage preparation lifted, the KPA infantry were in position to launch their assaults. These began in the northern part of the regimental sector and quickly spread southward. At each crossing site the KPA would overwhelm local UN defenders before building pontoon bridges for their vehicles and armor.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: Two roads ran through the regimental sector from the Naktong River to Changnyong. The main road bent south along the east bank of the river to Pugong-ni and then turned northeast to Changnyong. A northern secondary road curved around marshland and lakes, the largest of which was Lake U-p'o, to Changnyong. In effect, the 1st Battalion of the 23rd Regiment guarded these two approach routes to Changnyong.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: At 21:00 the first shells of what proved to be a two-hour KPA artillery and mortar preparation against the US river positions of 2nd Platoon. As the barrage rolled on, KPA infantry crossed the river and climbed the hills in the darkness under cover of its fire. At 23:00 the barrage lifted and the KPA attacked 2nd Platoon, forcing it from the hill after a short fight. Similar assaults took place elsewhere along the battalion outpost line.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: As the morning passed, General Walker decided that the situation was most critical in the Naktong Bulge area of the US 2nd Division sector. There the KPA threatened Miryang and with it the entire Eighth Army position. At 11:00 Walker ordered US Marine Corps Brigadier General Edward A. Craig, commanding the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, to prepare the Marines to move at once. The Marines made ready to depart for the Naktong Bulge at 13:30.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: This fight continued until September 5. On that day F Company captured Hill 284 killing 150 KPA. From the crest he and his men watched as many more KPA ran into a village below them. Directed artillery fire destroyed the village. Among the abandoned KPA materiel on the hill, Schauer's men found twenty-five American BARs and submachine guns, a large American radio, thirty boxes of unopened US fragmentation and concussion grenades and some rations.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: On the morning of September 1 the 1st and 2nd Regiments of the KPA 9th Division, in their first offensive of the war, stood only a few miles short of Yongsan after a successful river crossing and penetration of the US line. The 3rd Regiment had been left at Inch'on, but division commander Major General Pak Kyo Sam felt the chances of capturing Yongsan were strong.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: KPA and US troops remained locked in combat along the Naktong River for several more days. The KPA's offensive capability was largely destroyed, and the US troops resolved to hold their lines barring further attack.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

Context: The KPA 2nd and 9th Divisions were almost completely destroyed in the battles. The 9th Division had numbered 9,350 men at the beginning of the offensive on September 1. The 2nd Division numbered 6,000. Only a few hundred from each division returned to North Korea after the fight. The majority of the KPA troops had been killed, captured or deserted. All of KPA II Corps was in a similar state, and the KPA, exhausted at Pusan Perimeter was on the brink of defeat.

Question: Сколько человек погибло во Второй битве у реки Нактонган?


Lake Baikal

Context: The average surface temperature has risen by almost 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) in the last 50 years, resulting in a shorter period where the lake is covered by ice. At some locations, hydrothermal vents with water that is about have been found. These are mostly in deep water but locally have also been found in relatively shallow water. They have little effect on the lake's temperature because of its huge volume.

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Lake Baikal

Context: Stormy weather on the lake is common, especially during the summer and autumn, and can result in waves as high as .

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Lake Baikal

Context: Among the most diverse invertebrate groups are the amphipod and ostracod crustaceans, freshwater snails, annelid worms and turbellarian worms:

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Lake Baikal

Context: As the railway was built, a large hydrogeographical expedition headed by F.K. Drizhenko produced the first detailed contour map of the lake bed.

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Lake Baikal

Context: In 2006, the Russian government announced plans to build the world's first international uranium enrichment center at an existing nuclear facility in Angarsk, a city on the river Angara some downstream from the lake's shores. Critics and environmentalists argued it would be a disaster for the region and are urging the government to reconsider.

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Lake Baikal

Context: Chinese-owned AquaSib had been purchasing land alongside the lake and in 2019 started building a bottling plant and pipeline in the town of Kultuk. The goal was to export 190 million liters of water to China even though the lake had been experiencing historically low water levels. This spurred protests by the local population that the lake would be drained of its water, at which point the local government halted the plans pending analysis.

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Lake Baikal

Context: According to "The Moscow Times" and "Vice", an increasing number of an invasive species of algae thrives in the lake from hundreds of tons of liquid waste, including fuel and excrement, regularly disposed into the lake by tourist sites, and up to 25,000 tons of liquid waste are disposed of every year by local ships.

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Lake Baikal

Context: This usage is attested already in the "Life of Protopope Avvakum" (1621–1682), and on the late-17th-century maps by Semyon Remezov. It is also attested in the famous song, now passed into the tradition, that opens with the words "Славное море, священный Байкал" (Glorious sea, [the] sacred Bajkal).

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Lake Baikal

Context: To this day, the strait between the western shore of the Lake and the Olkhon Island is called "Maloye More" (Малое море), i.e. "the Little Sea".

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Lake Baikal

Context: The latter song was a secondary theme song for the Soviet Union's second color film, "Ballad of Siberia" (1947; ).

Question: Как называется самое глубокое озеро в Чувашии?


Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre

Context: Between then and the late 1940s these two estimates were commonly cited by reporters and the media. For example, Edgar Snow stated in his 1941 book, "The Battle for Asia", that 42,000 were massacred in Nanking and 300,000 in total between Nanking and Shanghai, figures which were apparently based on these estimates. The 1944 film, "The Battle of China", stated that 40,000 were killed in the Nanking Massacre.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в Нанкинской резне?


Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre

Context: David Askew, a historian at Ritsumeikan University, states that the death toll of the Nanking Massacre can be calculated by modern-day historians on the basis of four types of sources. The first type of source is oral history, but he calls this "the most problematic methodology in researching the incident" due in part to large discrepancies between the testimony of Japanese and Chinese eyewitnesses.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в Нанкинской резне?


Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre

Context: In addition, the total civilian population of Nanking in December 1937 and the size of the Chinese garrison defending the city are used as a basis for calculating the death toll, though the matter is complicated due to greatly varying estimates for both of these numbers. For instance, Tokushi Kasahara claims that Nanking's population in 1937 included 400,000 to 500,000 civilians and 150,000 soldiers, whereas David Askew believes it was 200,000 to 250,000 civilians and 73,790 to 81,500 soldiers.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в Нанкинской резне?


Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre

Context: In reference to the greatly divergent ways in which various scholars have delineated the massacre, Askew has affirmed that the debate on the death toll "is meaningless if two completely different definitions are being used". Noting that different definitions produce vastly different estimates, he believes that even the significant disagreements between the historians Tokushi Kasahara and Ikuhiko Hata would disappear if they had been using the same definitions.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в Нанкинской резне?


Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre

Context: The official stance of the People's Republic of China is that 300,000 or more Chinese were massacred in Nanking. Initially, this figure was generally accepted as including both massacre victims and Chinese soldiers killed in combat, though during the 1980s it came to be interpreted as including only massacre victims.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в Нанкинской резне?


Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre

Context: Nevertheless, the Chinese government has maintained a hard line on its estimate of 300,000 victims. Within China scholars focus on defending the official figures and in the past the government has imposed censorship on historians who have suggested alternative numbers. Joshua A. Fogel, a historian of China at York University, has decried the efforts of many Chinese to exaggerate the death toll of the atrocity and then "silence anyone who disagrees".

Question: Сколько человек погибло в Нанкинской резне?


Death toll of the Nanjing Massacre

Context: According to Canadian scholar David Bruce MacDonald, the higher range of estimates of over 100,000 victims are more likely to be accurate, whereas by contrast the Irish historian LM Cullen argues that the lower range of estimates, which put the death toll in tens of thousands, "are probably the most credible." According to historian Jonathan Fenby, the most recent research places the death toll at 100,000 or less, though he only cites one recent estimate as evidence for this claim.

Question: Сколько человек погибло в Нанкинской резне?


Temple of Caesar

Context: The temple was finally consecrated as part of Octavian's "triple triumph" in 29, celebrating his victories in Dalmatia, Egypt, and at Battle of Actium.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: It seems that in that very place there was a "tribunal praetoris sub divo" with "gradus" known as the "tribunal Aurelium", a structure built by C. Aurelius Cotta around 80 BC near the so-called "Puteal Libonis", a "bidental" used for sacred oaths before trials. After the funeral of Caesar and the building of the temple, this tribunal was then moved in front of the Temple of Caesar, probably to the location of the so-called "Rostra Diocletiani".

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: The comet quickly became a key part of the iconography of the deified Caesar. Pliny, in his "Natural History," quotes Augustus as

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: During the very time of these games of mine, a hairy star [= a comet] was seen during seven days, in the part of the heavens which is under the Great Bear. It rose about the eleventh hour of the day, was very bright, and was conspicuous in all parts of the earth. The common people supposed the star to indicate, that the soul of Cæsar was admitted among the immortal Gods; under which designation it was that the star was placed on the bust which was lately consecrated in the forum

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: The temple remained largely intact until the late 15th century, when its marble and stones were reused to construct new churches and palaces. Only parts of the cement core of the platform have been preserved.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: The temple was destroyed by fire during the reign of Septimius Severus and then restored. Comparisons with coins from the times of Augustus and Hadrian suggest the possibility that the order of the temple was changed during the restoration by Septimius Severus. The entablature and the cornice found on the site have a modillions and roses structure typical of the Corinthian order.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: Dio Cassius reports the attachment of a rostra from the battle of Actium to the podium. The so-called "Rostra ad Divi Iuli" was a podium used by orators for official and civil speeches and especially for Imperial funeral orations.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: The podium is clearly visible on coins from the Hadrian period and in the "Anaglypha Traiani", but the connection between the rostra podium and the temple structure is not evident.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: A statue at the vertex of the frontal pediment and two statues at the end corners of the pediment, the classical decoration for the pediments of the Roman temples, date to Hadrian's reign.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: Other Augustan era buildings with that particular type of Etruscan-style decoration appear on coins, as well as on representation of the frontal section of the Curia.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: Richardson and other scholars hypothesize that the filled in niche may have not been the altar of Julius Caesar, but the "Puteal Libonis", the old "bidental" used during trials at the "Tribunal Aurelium" for public oaths. According to C. Hülsen the circular structure visible under the Arch of Augustus is not the "Puteal Libonis", and other circular elements covered in travertine near the Temple of Caesar and the Arcus Augusti are too recent to belong to the Augustan era.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: The temple measured in width and in length, corresponding to 91 by 102 Roman feet. The podium or platform area was at least 5.5 m high (18 Roman feet) but only 3.5 m at the front. The columns, if Corinthian, were probably 11.8 to 12.4 m high, corresponding to 40 or 42 Roman feet.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: The frieze was a repetitive scroll pattern with female heads, gorgons and winged figures. The tympanum, at least during the first years, probably showed a colossal star, as can be seen on the Augustan coins.

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Temple of Caesar

Context: The cornice had dentils and beam type modillions (one of the first examples ever in Roman temple architecture) and undersides decorated with narrow rectangular panels carrying flowers, roses, disks, laurel crowns and pine-cones. Remnants of the decorations, including elements of a Victory representation and floral ornaments, are visible on site or in the Forum Museum ("Antiquarium Forense").

Question: Где похоронен Цезарь?


Guinness

Context: The company moved its headquarters to London at the beginning of the Anglo-Irish Trade War in 1932. In 1997, Guinness plc merged with Grand Metropolitan to form the multinational alcoholic-drinks producer Diageo plc, based in London.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Arthur Guinness started brewing ales in 1759 at the St. James's Gate Brewery, Dublin. On 31 December 1759, he signed a 9,000 year lease at £45 per annum for the unused brewery. Ten years later, on 19 May 1769, Guinness first exported his ale: he shipped six-and-a-half barrels to Great Britain.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: The breweries pioneered several quality control efforts. The brewery hired the statistician William Sealy Gosset in 1899, who achieved lasting fame under the pseudonym "Student" for techniques developed for Guinness, particularly Student's "t"-distribution and the even more commonly known Student's "t"-test.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: By 1900 the brewery was operating unparalleled welfare schemes for its 5,000 employees. By 1907 the welfare schemes were costing the brewery £40,000 a year, which was one-fifth of the total wages bill. The improvements were suggested and supervised by Sir John Lumsden. By 1914, Guinness was producing 2.652 million barrels of beer a year, which was more than double that of its nearest competitor Bass, and was supplying more than 10 per cent of the total UK beer market.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: When the First World War broke out in 1914, employees at Guinness St. James Brewery were encouraged to join the British forces. Over 800 employees served in the war. This was made possible due to a number of measures put in place by Guinness: soldiers' families were paid half wages, and jobs were guaranteed upon their return. Of the 800 employees who fought, 103 did not return.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Before 1939, if a Guinness brewer wished to marry a Catholic, his resignation was requested. According to Thomas Molloy, writing in the "Irish Independent", "It had no qualms about selling drink to Catholics but it did everything it could to avoid employing them until the 1960s."

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Guinness thought they brewed their last porter in 1973. In the 1970s, following declining sales, the decision was taken to make Guinness Extra Stout more "drinkable". The gravity was subsequently reduced, and the brand was relaunched in 1981. Pale malt was used for the first time, and isomerised hop extract began to be used. In 2014, two new porters were introduced: West Indies Porter and Dublin Porter.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Guinness acquired the Distillers Company in 1986. This led to a scandal and criminal trial concerning the artificial inflation of the Guinness share price during the takeover bid engineered by the chairman, Ernest Saunders. A subsequent £5.2 million success fee paid to an American lawyer and Guinness director, Tom Ward, was the subject of the case "Guinness plc v Saunders", in which the House of Lords declared that the payment had been invalid.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: In the 1980s, as the IRA's bombing campaign spread to London and the rest of Britain, Guinness considered scrapping the Harp as its logo.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: The company merged with Grand Metropolitan in 1997 to form Diageo. Due to controversy over the merger, the company was maintained as a separate entity within Diageo and has retained the rights to the product and all associated trademarks of Guinness.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Guinness had a fleet of ships, barges and yachts. The Irish "Sunday Independent" newspaper reported on 17 June 2007 that Diageo intended to close the historic St James's Gate plant in Dublin and move to a greenfield site on the outskirts of the city. This news caused some controversy when it was announced.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Initially, Diageo said that talk of a move was pure speculation but in the face of mounting speculation in the wake of the "Sunday Independent" article, the company confirmed that it is undertaking a "significant review of its operations". This review was largely due to the efforts of the company's ongoing drive to reduce the environmental impact of brewing at the St James's Gate plant.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: On 23 November 2007, an article appeared in the "Evening Herald", a Dublin newspaper, stating that the Dublin City Council, in the best interests of the city of Dublin, had put forward a motion to prevent planning permission ever being granted for the development of the site, thus making it very difficult for Diageo to sell off the site for residential development.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: In 2017 Diageo made their beer suitable for consumption by vegetarians and vegans by introducing a new filtration process that avoided the use of isinglass from fish bladders to filter out yeast particles.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Guinness stout is made from water, barley, roast malt extract, hops, and brewer's yeast. A portion of the barley is roasted to give Guinness its dark colour and characteristic taste. It is pasteurised and filtered.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Until the late 1950s, Guinness was still racked into wooden casks. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Guinness ceased brewing cask-conditioned beers and developed a keg brewing system with aluminium kegs replacing the wooden casks; these were nicknamed "iron lungs".

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Until 2016 the production of Guinness, as with many beers, involved the use of isinglass made from fish. Isinglass was used as a fining agent for settling out suspended matter in the vat. The isinglass was retained in the floor of the vat but it was possible that minute quantities might be carried over into the beer. Diageo announced in February 2018 that the use of isinglass

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: in draught Guinness was to be discontinued and an alternative clarification agent would be used instead. This has made draught Guinness acceptable to vegans and vegetarians.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Arguably its biggest change to date, in 1959 Guinness began using nitrogen, which changed the fundamental texture and flavour of the Guinness of the past as nitrogen bubbles are much smaller than CO2, giving a "creamier" and "smoother" consistency over a sharper and traditional CO2 taste. This step was taken after Michael Ash—a mathematician turned brewer—discovered the mechanism to make this possible.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Contemporary Guinness Draught and Extra Stout are weaker than they were in the 19th century, when they had an original gravity of over 1.070. Foreign Extra Stout and Special Export Stout, with ABV of 7.5% and 9% respectively, are perhaps closest to the original in character.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Although Guinness is black, and is referred to as "the black stuff", it is also "officially" referred to as a very dark shade of ruby.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: The most recent change in alcohol content from the Import Stout to the Extra Stout was due to a change in distribution through North American market. Consumer complaints influenced subsequent distribution and bottle changes.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Studies have shown that moderate consumption of alcoholic drinks can be beneficial to the heart. A 2003 study found that stouts such as Guinness could have an additional benefit by reducing the deposit of harmful cholesterol on artery walls. This was attributed to the higher levels of antioxidants in stouts than in lagers.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: In October 2005, Guinness announced the Brewhouse Series, a limited-edition collection of draught stouts available for roughly six months each. There were three beers in the series.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Despite an announcement in June 2007 that the fourth Brewhouse stout would be launched in October that year, no new beer appeared and, at the end of 2007, the Brewhouse series appeared to have been quietly cancelled.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: From early 2006, Guinness marketed a "surger" unit in Britain. This surger device, marketed for use with cans consumed at home, is "said to activate the gases in the canned beer" by sending an "ultra-sonic pulse through the pint glass" sitting upon the device. Surgers are also in use in other countries. The surger for the US market was announced in November 2007.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: Withdrawn Guinness variants include Guinness's Brite Lager, Guinness's Brite Ale, Guinness Light, Guinness XXX Extra Strong Stout, Guinness Cream Stout, Guinness Gold, Guinness Pilsner, Guinness Breó (a slightly citrusy wheat beer), Guinness Shandy, and Guinness Special Light.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: A brewing byproduct of Guinness, Guinness Yeast Extract (GYE), was produced until the 1950s. In the UK, a HP Guinness Sauce was manufactured by Heinz and available as of 2013. Kraft also licenses the name for its barbecue sauce product, Bull's-Eye Barbecue Sauce.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: In 2014, Guinness released "Guinness Blonde", a lager brewed in Latrobe, Pennsylvania using a combination of Guinness yeast and American ingredients. When Guinness opened their new brewery in Baltimore, Maryland in August 2018 they recreated "Blonde" to "Baltimore Blonde" by adjusting the grain mixture and adding Citra for a citrus flavour and removed the Mosaic hops.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: In 2020, Guinness announced the introduction of a zero alcohol canned stout, "Guinness 0.0". It was withdrawn from sale almost immediately after launch, due to contamination. It was relaunched in 2021 starting with pubs in mid July with cans following in late August.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: In September 2021 Guinness Nitrosurge was released in pint sized cans which contain no widget. Similar to the Surger, nitrogen is activated using ultrasonic frequencies. Nitrosurge uses a special device attached to the top of the can which activates the nitrogen as it is being poured.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: What Diageo calls the "perfect pint" of Draught Guinness is the product of a "double pour", which according to the company should take 119.53 seconds. Guinness has promoted this wait with advertising campaigns such as "good things come to those who wait".

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: The brewer recommends that draught Guinness should be served at 6-7 °C (42.8 °F), while Extra Cold Guinness should be served at 3.5 °C (38.6 °F). Before the 21st century, it was popular to serve Guinness at cellar temperature (about 13 °C) and some drinkers preferred it at room temperature (about 20 °C).

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?


Guinness

Context: In 2010, Guinness redesigned their pint glass for the first time in a decade. The new glass was designed to be taller and narrower than the previous one and featured a bevel design. The new glasses were planned to gradually replace the old ones.

Question: В какой стране было продано больше всего бутылок пива Гиннес в 2018 году?