World War II casualties

Context: The following figures are from "The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust", the authors maintain that "statistics on Gypsy losses are especially unreliable and controversial. These figures (cited below) are based on necessarily rough estimates".

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Nazi Germany ordered, organized and condoned a substantial number of war crimes in World War II. The most notable of these is the Holocaust in which millions of Jews, Poles, and Romani were systematically murdered or died from abuse and mistreatment. Millions also died as a result of other German actions.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the "SS-Totenkopfverbände", "Einsatzgruppen" and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces represented by the "Wehrmacht" committed war crimes of their own, particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity. There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 1940–1941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. After the reoccupation by the USSR, 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 1944–45.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Reported deaths for the years 1939–1945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Deported to special settlements: (figures are for deportations to Special Settlements only, not including those executed, sent to Gulag labor camps or conscripted into the Soviet Army. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war).

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Deported from annexed territories 1940–41 380,000 to 390,000 persons, including: Poland 309–312,000; Lithuania 17,500; Latvia 17,000; Estonia 6,000; Moldova 22,842. In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Deported during the War 1941–1945 about 2.3 million persons of Soviet ethnic minorities including: Soviet Germans 1,209,000; Finns 9,000; Karachays 69,000; Kalmyks 92,000; Chechens and Ingush 479,000; Balkars 37,000; Crimean Tatars 191,014; Meskhetian Turks 91,000; Greeks, Bulgarians and Armenians from Crimea 42,000; Ukrainian OUN members 100,000; Poles 30,000.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: A total of 2,230,500 persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 1941–1948.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069). However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3 million.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: The following notes summarize German casualties, the details are presented in German casualties in World War II.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: <poem>*(1945–47) The United States Strategic Bombing Survey gave three different figures for German air raid deaths.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: 2- The section "Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy" of October 31, 1945 put the losses at 375,000 killed and 625,000 wounded.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: German government figures of 2.0 to 2.5 million civilian deaths due to expulsions have been disputed by scholars since the publication of the results of the German church search service survey and the report by the German Federal Archive.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Missing and presumed dead(including POWs) were 131,419 (111,579 pre-armistice, 19,840 post armistice)

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Losses by branch of service: Army 201,405; Navy 22,034; Air Force 9,096; Colonial Forces 354; Chaplains 91; Fascist militia

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice);

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Germany 25,430 (24,020 post armistice); Greece, Albania, and Yugoslavia 49,459 (10,090 post armistice);

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: USSR 82,079 (3,522 post armistice); Africa 22,341 (1,565 post armistice), at sea 28,438 (5,526 post armistice);

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Overall, perhaps two thirds of all Japanese military dead came not from combat, but from starvation and disease. In some cases this figure was potentially even higher, up to 80% in the Philippines and a staggering 97% in New Guinea.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: 1-Summary Report (July 1946) Total civilian casualties in Japan, as a result of 9 months of air attack, including those from the atomic bombs, were approximately 806,000. Of these, approximately 330,000 were fatalities.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: 2-United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division (1947) The bombing of Japan killed 333,000 civilians and injured 473,000. Of this total 120,000 died and 160,000 were injured in the atomic bombings, leaving 213,000 dead and 313,000 injured by conventional bombing.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: 3-The effects of air attack on Japanese urban economy. Summary report (1947) Estimated that 252,769 Japanese were killed and 298,650 injured in the air war.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: 4-The Effects of strategic bombing on Japanese morale Based on a survey of Japanese households the death toll was put at 900,000 dead and 1.3 million injured, the SBS noted that this figure was subject to a maximum sampling error of 30%.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Malta 1,493 civilians were killed and 3,734 wounded during the Siege of Malta (World War II) Maltese civilians killed during the siege are also included with U.K. civilian deaths by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Civilian deaths of 203,250 which included 1,350 Merchant seaman, 2,800 executed, 2,500 dead in Dutch concentration camps,

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: 20,400 killed by acts of war, 104,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, 18,000 political prisoners in Germany, 27,000 workers in Germany,

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: 3,700 Dutch nationals in the German armed forces and 7,500 missing and presumed dead in Germany and 16,000 deaths

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: in the Dutch famine of 1944. Not Included in the figure of 210,000 war dead are 70,000 "indirect war casualties",

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: which are attributed to an increase in natural deaths from 1940–1945 and 1,650 foreign nationals killed while serving in the

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Civilians 7,500 (3,600 Merchant seaman, 1,500 resistance fighters, 1,800 civilians killed and 600 Jews killed)

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: The following notes summarize Soviet casualties, the details are presented in World War II casualties of the Soviet Union.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: Total war dead of 357,116; Navy (50,758); Army (144,079); Air Force (69,606); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (624);

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: The total still missing on 2/28/1946 were 6,244; Navy (340); Army (2,267); Air Force (3,089); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (18);

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: There were an additional 31,271 military deaths due to "natural causes" which are not included in these figures.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: A. Military operations between the occupying German military forces and their "Quislings and collaborators" against the Yugoslav resistance.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: B. German forces, under express orders from Hitler, fought with a special vengeance against the Serbs, who were considered Untermensch. One of the worst one-day massacres during the German military occupation of Serbia was the Kragujevac massacre.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: C. Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants. All sides practiced the shooting of hostages on a large scale. At the end of the war, many Ustaše and Slovene collaborators were killed in or as a result of the Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: The USHMM reports between 77,000 and 99,000 persons were killed at the Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška concentration camps. The Jasenovac Memorial Site quotes a similar figure of between 80,000 and 100,000 victims. Stara Gradiška was a sub-camp of Jasenovac established for women and children. The names and data for 12,790 victims at Stara Gradiška have been established. Serbian sources currently claim that 700,000 persons were murdered at Jasenovac.

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World War II casualties

Context: F. Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties. The hardest hit localities were Podgorica, Leskovac, Zadar and Belgrade.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


World War II casualties

Context: G. The demographic losses due to the reduction of 335,000 births and emigration of about 660,000 are not included with war casualties.

Question: 제2차 세계 대전의 전사자는 몇명인가요?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Park was assassinated on 26 October 1979 by his close friend Kim Jae-gyu, the director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency, at a safe house in Seoul following the student uprising later known as the Bu-Ma Democratic Protests. Cha Ji-chul, chief of the Presidential Security Service, was also fatally shot by Kim. Kim and his accomplices were tortured, convicted and executed for the assassination. Whether the assassination was spontaneous or premeditated is something that remains unclear today.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: His talents as an officer were swiftly recognized and he was one of the few Koreans allowed to attend the Japanese Imperial Military Academy near Tokyo. He was subsequently posted to a Japanese Army regiment in Manchuria and served there until Japan’s surrender at the end of World War II.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: After graduating third in the class of 1944, Park was commissioned as a lieutenant into the military of Manchukuo, a Japanese puppet-state, and served during the final stages of World War II as aide-de-camp to a regimental commander. The Japanese used Korean collaborators to suppress Korean armed resistance.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Against this backdrop of social instability and division, Major General Park formed the Military Revolutionary Committee. When he found out that he was going to be retired within the next few months, he sped up the Committee's plans. It led a military coup on 16 May 1961, which was nominally led by Army Chief of Staff Chang Do-yong after his defection on the day it started. The military takeover rendered powerless the democratically elected government of President Yun, ending the Second Republic.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: President Yun remained in office, giving the military regime legitimacy. After Yun resigned on 24 March 1962, Lt. General Park, who remained chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, consolidated his power by becoming acting president; he was also promoted to full general. Park agreed to restore civilian rule following pressure from the Kennedy administration.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: In 1963, he was elected president in his own right as the candidate of the newly created Democratic Republican Party. He appointed Park Myung-keun, the Vice Leader of the party as the chief of the President's Office. He narrowly defeated former President Yun, the candidate of the Civil Rule Party, by just over 156,000 votes—a margin of 1.5 percent. Park would be re-elected president in 1967, defeating Yun with somewhat less difficulty.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Beginning in October 1964, North Korea increased the infiltration of its intelligence-gatherers and propagandists into the South. More than 30 South Korean soldiers and at least 10 civilians had been killed in clashes with North Korean infiltrators by October 1966.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: In October 1966, Park ordered the Korean Army to stage a retaliatory attack without seeking the approval of General Charles Bonesteel. This action, which was in retaliation for ongoing South Korean losses, caused tension between Park's government and the U.S. command in Korea, which wished to avoid violations of the armistice.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: On 21 January 1968, the 31-man Unit 124 of North Korean People's Army special forces commandos attempted to assassinate Park and nearly succeeded. They were stopped just 800 metres from the Blue House by a police patrol. A fire fight broke out and all but two of the North Koreans were killed or captured. In response to the assassination attempt, Park organized Unit 684, a group intended to assassinate Kim Il-Sung. It was disbanded in 1971.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: One of Park's main goals was to end the poverty of South Korea, and lift the country up from being a Third World economy to a First World economy via statist methods. Using the Soviet Union and its Five Year Plans as a model, Park launched his first Five Year Plan in 1962 by declaring the city of Ulsan was a "special industrial development zone". The "chaebol" of Hyundai took advantage of Ulsan's special status to make the city the home of its main factories.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: The economic development of South Korea continued; however the government did not recognize a minimum wage or weekly leave, imposed periods of free work for its benefit and working days were of a duration of twelve hours. Trade unions and collective labor actions were prohibited.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: According to the Gapminder Foundation Extreme poverty was reduced from 66.9 percent in 1961 to 11.2 percent in 1979, making this one of the fastest and largest reductions in poverty in human history.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Park invited the Shah in 1978 for a special "South Korea-Iran" summit to further deepen relations but due to the Iranian Revolution, it never materialized.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: In preparation for that summit, Tehran and Seoul became sister cities and the two exchanged street names as well; Teheran-ro in Gangnam and Seoul Street in Tehran which both still remain.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Among Park's first actions upon assuming control of South Korea in 1961 was to pass strict legislation metrifying the country and banning the use of traditional Korean measurements like the li and pyeong. Despite its strict wording, the law's enforcement was so spotty as to be considered a failure, with the government abandoning prosecution under its terms by 1970. In the end, South Korea's traditional units continued until June 2001.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: After taking office for his second term in 1967, Park promised that, in accordance with the 1963 Constitution which limited the president to two consecutive terms, he would step down in 1971. However, soon after his 1967 victory, the Democratic Republican-dominated National Assembly successfully pushed through an amendment allowing the incumbent president —himself— to run for three consecutive terms.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: A new constitution, the so-called "Yushin" Constitution was approved in a heavily rigged plebiscite in November 1972. Meaning "rejuvenation" or "renewal" (as well as "restoration" in some contexts), scholars see the term's usage as Park alluding to himself as an "imperial president."

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Park argued that Western-style liberal democracy was not suitable for South Korea due to its still-shaky economy. He believed that in the interest of stability, the country needed a "Korean-style democracy" with a strong, unchallenged presidency. Although he repeatedly promised to open up the regime and restore full democracy, fewer and fewer people believed him.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: In 1975, Park ordered homeless people and children to be removed from the streets of Seoul. Thousands of people were captured by the police and sent to thirty-six camps. The detainees were then used as free labor by the authorities and subjected to degrading treatment. Many died under torture.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Park abolished the usage of "hanja" or Chinese characters and established hangul exclusivity for the Korean language in the 1960s and 1970s. After a Five-Year Hangul Exclusivity Plan () was promulgated through legislative and executive means, from 1970, using "hanja" became illegal in all grades of public school and in the military. This led to less illiteracy in South Korea.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: The KCIA controlled the whole country, with more than forty thousand regular employees and one million correspondents. Striking workers, protesters or signatories of simple petitions faced long prison sentences and torture. The whole country was under constant surveillance.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: During his final years of presidency, Park realized that his government was collapsing. He now knew that people were not satisfied with the government.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Park, who was said to be a devout Buddhist, was accorded the first South Korean interfaith state funeral on 3 November in Seoul. He was buried with full military honors at the National Cemetery near the grave of former president Syngman Rhee who died in 1965. Kim Jae-gyu, whose motive for murdering Park remains unclear, was hanged on 24 May 1980.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Park was married to Kim Ho-nam (having one daughter with her) and the two later divorced. Afterwards, he married Yuk Young-soo, and the couple had two daughters and one son. Yuk was killed in the assassination attempt against Park in 1974.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: Park was a member of the Goryeong Park clan (), and he was a 29th generation descendant of the clan; among its various family branches, Park was from the Jikganggong Branch (). One of his great-great-grandmothers was from the Jeonju Yi clan, the former ruling family of Joseon and the Korean Empire.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


Park Chung-hee

Context: A Gallup Korea poll in October 2021 showed Park, Roh Moo-hyun, and Kim Dae-jung as the most highly rated presidents of South Korean history in terms of leaving a positive legacy. The poll showed Park received a positive opinion with up to 72 and 82 percent of citizens in the age range of 70 and 80 years respectively.

Question: 한국의 독재를 사용하여 대통령은 누구입니까?


The Sims 3

Context: As in previous games of the franchise, in "The Sims 3" players control their own Sims' activities and relationships. The gameplay is open-ended and does not have a defined goal. The sims live in neighbourhoods, now being officially referred to as 'worlds', which can be customized, allowing the player to create their houses, community lots, and sims, although many of these come with the core game.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: Career opportunities like working overtime or completing tasks can yield a pay raise, cash bonus, or relationship boost. Challenges occur randomly based on each Sim's lifestyle, like relationships, skills, and jobs. Skill opportunities are the requests by your sim's neighbors or community members for Sims to solve problems using their acquired skills for cash or relationship rewards.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: The new Wishes reward system replaces the Wants and Fears system in its predecessor "The Sims 2". Fulfilling a Sim's wishes contributes to the Sim's Lifetime Happiness score, allowing players to purchase Lifetime Rewards for the cost of those Lifetime Happiness points.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: The game introduces a big change in terms of customization with the "Create-a-Style" tool. In this way, every object or piece of clothing in the game is completely customizable in terms of color (which can be picked from a color wheel), material (plastic, stone, fabric, wood...) or design pattern.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: The game builds upon a new personality system. As opposed to previous games, where personalities consisted on sliders, and a limited set of personality points to distribute among them, "The Sims 3" introduces a trait system: adult sims can have up to 5 personality traits to pick from a list. These traits can be mental, physical, social or influenced by lifestyle and jobs. The traits will determine different actions the sims can make, as well as behaviors and wishes.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: The sims can learn skills from interacting with different objects. Skills improve gradually in 10 levels. Skill improvements are useful for achieving career goals, as well as unlocking new possibilities for those activities which require the skills, for example, a high gardening level allows the sims to plant different rare seeds. The basic skills include Logic, Cooking, Painting, Gardening, Writing, Guitar, Athletic, Handiness, Charisma and Fishing. New skills were later added in expansion packs.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: The "Ambitions" expansion pack includes brand new professions that are actually playable: Firefighter, Ghost Hunter, Investigator, Architectural Designer, and Stylist. Some of them take place in a playable community lot, such as Firefighter or Stylist, while the others are freelance jobs. Players can search for gigs in the neighbourhood and actually accomplish them. For example, an Architectural Designer can visit other sims' houses and redecorate them in exchange for money and career performance.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: Sims are also able to make a living at home through their skills such as selling their own paintings, writing novels, playing guitar for tips, or growing fruit and vegetables. Sims can also buy out businesses and receive a percentage of the profits they earn.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: As in previous games, a build/buy tool is included to design houses and community lots. The two modes retain most of the main fundamental tools from the previous games.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: Build mode is used to add walls, paint them, add stairs, doors and windows, lay down flooring, create foundations, basements, pools and ponds. Some expansion packs add extra build mode features such as terrain design. Players cannot build or place objects outside the limits of the lot.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: In Buy mode, the player can purchase and place down new objects, such as appliances, electronics, furniture and vehicles. Buy mode largely focuses on providing objects that are useful or necessary for the sims, allowing them to build skills, provide some sort of utility, or purely to act as house decoration. The descriptions of many of the objects available for purchase in the game involve humor, sarcasm, insults towards the player, and wit, and serves as comic relief in the game.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: As this game is a life simulation, sims can have families. You can create a family in Create-a-Sim and edit their relationships, or you can manually meet different sims and have children.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: Young adults and adults can try for a baby. There is no "Try for Baby" option for any younger or older sims. The only exception is senior males - they can try for a baby with a female of any age, though conception can be significantly harder. In order to try for a baby, two sims of the opposite gender must have a relationship of "Romantic Interest" or higher. A lullaby-like melody will play if the sim is pregnant, although sometimes it may not play.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: Sims will get the Nauseous moodlet if they are pregnant, and these symptoms will persist for about 1 sim day until they discover they are pregnant and will change into default pregnancy clothes. From now on until after birth, the sim will not be able to wear their usual clothes. Some pregnancy symptoms sims can experience are: Nausea, backache, reduced or increased appetite and inability to partake in certain actions or exercise.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: When the sim goes into labour, they can either deliver the baby at hospital or have a home birth. Most sims go to hospital by default, but this action can be cancelled. Kids and baby interior can be bought in buy mode. Babies require a lot of attention and care, and can get whisked away by social services if it is not given to them - along with toddlers, kids and teenagers. Babysitters can be hired to accompany children if their parents are busy.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: Maxis relied on user feedback from previous games. In order to create the animations in the game, so they look believable but goofy, they shot real life references of people doing tasks in outrageous ways until satisfied with the outcome.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: Each character in the game was specifically created by the developers to have their own life story, wishes, dreams, and personalities. The developers spend a lot of time trying to get the world to feel seamless and the characters to feel real.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: On March 23, 2009, "The Sims 3" was threaded throughout the storyline of an episode of "One Tree Hill".

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: On April 19, 2009, Target released a promotional disc of "The Sims 3" that features a Ladytron band poster, "The Sims 3" theme song music download, and a $5 off coupon. The main menu includes screensaver downloads, videos, Create-a-Sim, Create-A-House, and much more. There is no actual gameplay involved, but it describes what playing feels like.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: In 2012, EA partnered with American singer Katy Perry to promote "The Sims 3". As part of the promotion, a special "Katy Perry Collector's Edition" of the "" expansion pack was released, as well as a "Katy Perry's Sweet Treats" stuff pack. Both packs incorporate concept elements from Perry's third studio album "Teenage Dream" (2010), with the latter including a Simlish rendition of the album's fifth single, "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)", in the in-game radio.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: Several musical artists partnered with EA to perform some of their songs in the language of Sims, Simlish. Artists have ranged from Katy Perry, Lady Antebellum, Flaming Lips, Damien Marley, Depeche Mode, Nelly Furtado, and Flo Rida.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: On February 3, 2009, it was announced that the release date of "The Sims 3" would be delayed from February 20, 2009, to June 2, 2009, in the US, and June 5, 2009, in the UK.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: "The Sims 3" was released to game consoles on October 26, 2010, for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Nintendo DS. It was later released for Wii on November 15, 2010 and Nintendo 3DS on March 25, 2011.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: Stuff Packs only include new items e.g. furniture, clothing, hairstyles. They do not add any new functionality to the game. Stuff Packs are compatible with both Windows and macOS as with the main game and expansion packs.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: GameSpot awarded "The Sims 3" a score of 9.0/10, the review praised the game: "The latest Sims game is also the greatest, striking a terrific balance between the fresh and the familiar."

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


The Sims 3

Context: The game was ranked #91 in IGN's "Top 100 Modern Games". In a special edition of "Edge" magazine listing their 100 top videogames of all-time, "The Sims 3" was number 89 on the list.

Question: 심즈3를 유통한 회사는 어디인가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Federal antitrust laws provide for both civil and criminal enforcement. The Federal Trade Commission, the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division, and private parties who are sufficiently affected may all bring civil actions in the courts to enforce the antitrust laws. However, criminal antitrust enforcement is done only by the Justice Department. U.S. states also have antitrust statutes that govern commerce occurring solely within their state borders.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: American antitrust law was formally created in 1890 with the U.S. Congress's passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Using broad language "unequaled in its generality", the Sherman Act outlawed "monopoliz[ation]" and "every contract, combination ... or conspiracy in restraint of trade".

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Courts quickly began struggling with the Sherman Act's broad and vague language, recognizing that interpreting it literally might make even simple business associations like partnerships illegal. Federal judges began trying to develop legal principles for distinguishing between "naked" trade restraints between rivals that suppressed competition and other restraints that were only "ancillary" to other cooperation agreements that promoted competition.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Preventing collusion and cartels that act in restraint of trade is an essential task of antitrust law. It reflects the view that each business has a duty to act independently on the market, and so earn its profits solely by providing better priced and quality products than its competitors.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Bid rigging is a form of price fixing and market allocation that involves an agreement in which one party of a group of bidders will be designated to win the bid. Geographic market allocation is an agreement between competitors not to compete within each other's geographic territories.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Dual antitrust enforcement by the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission has long elicited concerns about disparate treatment of mergers. In response, in September 2014, the House Judiciary Committee approved the Standard Merger and Acquisition Reviews Through Equal Rules Act ("SMARTER Act").

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Antitrust laws do not apply to, or are modified in, several specific categories of enterprise (including sports, media, utilities, health care, insurance, banks, and financial markets) and for several kinds of actor (such as employees or consumers taking collective action).

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Fourth, the government may grant monopolies in certain industries such as utilities and infrastructure where multiple players are seen as unfeasible or impractical.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Fifth, insurance is allowed limited antitrust exemptions as provided by the McCarran-Ferguson Act of 1945.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Sixth, M&A transactions in the defense sector are often subject to greater antitrust scrutiny from the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: The United States Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission target nonreportable mergers for enforcement as well. Notably, between 2009 and 2013, 20% of all merger investigations conducted by the United States Department of Justice involved nonreportable transactions.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: In many cases large US companies tend to deal with overseas antitrust within the overseas jurisdiction, autonomous of US laws, such as in Microsoft Corp v Commission and more recently, Google v European Union where the companies were heavily fined. Questions have been raised with regards to the consistency of antitrust between jurisdictions where the same antitrust corporate behaviour, and similar antitrust legal environment, is prosecuted in one jurisdiction but not another.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: The Supreme Court calls the Sherman Antitrust Act a "charter of freedom", designed to protect free enterprise in America. One view of the statutory purpose, urged for example by Justice Douglas, was that the goal was not only to protect consumers, but at least as importantly to prohibit the use of power to control the marketplace.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


United States antitrust law

Context: Judge Robert Bork's writings on antitrust law (particularly "The Antitrust Paradox"), along with those of Richard Posner and other law and economics thinkers, were heavily influential in causing a shift in the U.S. Supreme Court's approach to antitrust laws since the 1970s, to be focused solely on what is best for the consumer rather than the company's practices.

Question: 기업법을 어겼을때 어느부서에서 관리를 하는가?


Gojoseon

Context: Gojoseon (; ) was the first Korean kingdom that lasted until 108 BCE. According to Korean mythology, the kingdom was established by the legendary founder named Dangun. Gojoseon possessed the most advanced culture in the Korean peninsula at the time and was an important marker in the progression towards the more centralized states of later periods. The addition of "Go" (, ), meaning "ancient", is used to distinguish the kingdom from the Joseon dynasty that emerged later in 1392 CE.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Some of the sources claim that later in the 12th century BCE following the establishment of Gojoseon, Jizi (also known as Gija), a sage who belonged to the royal family from the Shang dynasty, immigrated to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula and became the founder of Gija Joseon. There are many interpretations of Gojoseon and Gija Joseon, as well as the debates regarding Gija Joseon's existence.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: In 194 BCE, the ruling dynasty of Gojoseon was overthrown by Wi Man (Wei Man in Chinese), a refugee from the Han vassal state of Yan. Wi Man then established Wiman Joseon.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: In 108 BC, the Han dynasty, under Emperor Wu, invaded and conquered Wiman Joseon. The Han established four commanderies to administrate the former Gojoseon territory. After the fragmentation of the Han Empire during the 3rd century and the subsequent chaotic 4th century, the area was lost from Chinese control and conquered by Goguryeo in 313 CE.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: The capital of Gojoseon was Wanggeom (modern Pyongyang) from at least in the 2nd century BCE. In the southern region of the Korean Peninsula, the Jin state arose by the 3rd century BCE.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: There are three different main founding myths concerning Gojoseon, which revolve around Dangun, Gija, or Wi Man.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: In the 7th century BCE, the Yan pioneered the Northeast regions. According to "The Growth of Yan" and "The Context of Guanzi", it can be presumed that Gojoseon grew through trade in this era. It is estimated that Gojoseon developed so far as to be able to war against the Yan in the 4th century BCE.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: In pre-modern Korea, Gija represented the authenticating presence of Chinese civilization. Until the 12th century CE, Koreans commonly believed that Dangun bestowed upon Korea its people and basic culture, while Gija gave Korea its high culture, and presumably, standing as a legitimate civilisation.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Many modern experts have denied Gija Joseon's existence for various reasons, mainly due to contradicting archaeological evidence and anachronistic historical evidence. They point to the "Bamboo Annals" and the "Analects" of Confucius, which were among the first works to mention Gija, but do not mention his migration to Gojoseon. Gija Joseon might have just existed as a symbol of the pre-Qin dynasty migrants who escaped the chaos of the Warring States period.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Wi Man was a military officer of the Yan of northeastern China who fled to the northern Korean peninsula in 195 BCE from the encroaching Han dynasty. He founded a principality with Wanggeom-seong as its capital, which is thought to be in the region of present-day Pyongyang. The 3rd-century Chinese text "Weilüe" of the "Sanguozhi" recorded that Wi Man usurped King Jun and thus took over the kingship of Gojoseon.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Gojoseon mythology and history can be divided into three phases, Dangun, Gija Joseon, and Wi Man Joseon.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: The first mentions of Gojoseon are found in contemporaneous historical records of Guanzi of the early 7th century BCE. It locates Gojoseon around Bohai Bay and mentions the state trading with Qi (齊) of China. The "Zhanguoce", "Shanhaijing", and "Shiji"—containing some of its earliest records—refers to Joseon as a region, until the text "Shiji" began referring it as a country from 195 BC onwards.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Around 300 BCE, Gojoseon lost significant western territory after a war with the Yan state, but this indicates Gojoseon was already a large enough state that it could wage war against Yan and survive the loss of 2000 li (800 kilometers) of territory. Gojoseon is thought to have relocated its capital to the Pyongyang region around this time.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: In 195 BCE, King Jun appointed a refugee from Yan, Wi Man, to guard the frontier. Wi Man later rebelled in 194 BC and usurped the throne of Gojoseon. King Jun fled to Jin in the south of the Korean Peninsula.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: In response, Emperor Wu commissioned a two-pronged attack, one by land and one by sea, against Gojoseon. The two forces attacking Gojoseon were unable to coordinate well with each other and suffered large losses. Eventually, the commands were merged, and Wanggeom fell in 108 BCE. Han took over the Gojoseon lands and established Four Commanderies of Han in the western part of former Gojoseon.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Gojoseon disintegrated by the 1st century BCE as it gradually lost the control of its former fiefs. Many successor states sprang from its former territory, such as Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye. Goguryeo and Baekje arose out from Buyeo.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: In the Mumun pottery period (1500 – 300 BCE), plain coarse pottery replaced earlier comb-pattern wares, possibly as a result of the influence of new populations migrating to Korea from Manchuria and Siberia. This type of pottery typically has thicker walls and displays a wider variety of shapes, indicating improvements in kiln technology. This period is sometimes called the "Korean Bronze Age", but bronze artifacts are relatively rare and regionalized until the 7th century BCE.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Rice cultivation was extensive in the lower parts of South Korea and Manchuria in the periods between 1900 BCE to 200 CE.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: The beginning of the Bronze Age on the peninsula is usually said to be 1000 BCE, but estimates range from the 13th to 8th centuries BCE. Although the Korean Bronze Age culture derives from the Liaoning and Manchuria, it exhibits unique typology and styles, especially in ritual objects.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: By the 7th century BCE, a Bronze Age material culture with influences from Manchuria, eastern Mongolia, as well as Siberia and Scythian bronze styles, flourished on the peninsula. Korean bronzes contain a higher percentage of zinc than those of the neighboring bronze cultures. Bronze artifacts, found most frequently in burial sites, consist mainly of swords, spears, daggers, small bells, and mirrors decorated with geometric patterns.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Gojoseon's development seems linked to the adoption of bronze technology. Its singularity finds its most notable expression in the idiosyncratic type of bronze swords, or "mandolin-shaped daggers" (비파형동검, 琵琶形銅劍). The mandolin-shape dagger is found in the regions of Liaoning, Hebei, and Manchuria down to the Korean Peninsula. It suggests the existence of Gojoseon dominions. Remarkably, the shape of the "mandolin" dagger of Gojoseon differs significantly from the sword artifacts found in China.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Around the 6th century BCE, burnished red wares, made of a fine iron-rich clay and characterized by a smooth, lustrous surface, appear in dolmen tombs, as well as in domestic bowls and cups.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: In 1964, through a joint excavation by China and North Korea, Gangsang tomb(강상무덤, 崗上墓) and Nusang tomb(누상무덤, 樓上墓) were found in 1964 at the Liaodong peninsula. Nusang was found earlier prior to the excavation in 1958 Gangsang and Nusang tombs are considered to be burial cairn tombs of local nobilities of Gojoseon. Some consider the tombs as the evidences of the slavery that could have existed, but others find that the evidences are inadequate and lacking to deduce such conclusion.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Around this time, the state of Jin occupied the southern part of the Korean peninsula. Very little is known about this state except that it was the apparent predecessor to the Samhan confederacies.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Around 300 BCE, iron technology was introduced into Korea from Yan state. Iron was produced locally in the southern part of the peninsula by the 2nd century BCE. According to Chinese accounts, iron from the lower Nakdong River in the southeast was valued throughout the peninsula and Japan.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: In the book of Gogeumju() written by Cui Bao(崔豹) of the Western Jin period, poetry called Gonghuyin(箜篌引) or is said to be of Gojoseon origin.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Numerous small states and confederations arose from the remnants of Gojoseon, including Goguryeo, the Buyeo kingdom, Okjeo, and Dongye. Three of the Chinese commanderies fell to local resistance within a few decades, but the last, Nakrang, remained an important commercial and cultural outpost until it was destroyed by the expanding Goguryeo in 313 CE.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Gojoseon

Context: Jun of Gojoseon is said to have fled to the state of Jin in the southern Korean Peninsula. Jin developed into the Samhan confederacies, the beginnings of Baekje and Silla, continuing to absorb migration from the north. The Samhan confederacies were Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan. King Jun ruled Mahan, which was eventually annexed by Baekje. Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla gradually grew into the Three Kingdoms of Korea that dominated the entire peninsula by around the 4th century.

Question: 고조선은 언제 세워졌나요?


Winter War

Context: Negotiations continued throughout 1938 without results. The Finnish reception of Soviet entreaties was decidedly cool, as the violent collectivisation and purges in Stalin's Soviet Union resulted in a poor opinion of the country. Most of the Finnish communist elite in the Soviet Union had been executed during the Great Purge, further tarnishing the Soviets' image in Finland. Meanwhile, Finland was attempting to negotiate a military co-operation plan with Sweden and hoping to jointly defend Åland.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: In 2013, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated at a meeting with military historians that the Soviets had launched the Winter War to "correct mistakes" made in determining the border with Finland after 1917. Opinion on the scale of the initial Soviet invasion decision is divided. The puppet Finnish communist government and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact's secret protocols are used as proof by those who argue that the Soviet Union had intended to conquer all of Finland.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: Commander of the Leningrad Military District Kiril Meretskov initially ran the overall operation against the Finns. The command was passed on 9 December 1939 to the General Staff Supreme Command (later known as Stavka), directly under Kliment Voroshilov (chairman), Nikolai Kuznetsov, Joseph Stalin and Boris Shaposhnikov. In January 1940, the Leningrad Military District was reformed and renamed "North-Western Front". Semyon Timoshenko was chosen Army Commander to break the Mannerheim Line.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: In battles from Ladoga Karelia to the Arctic port of Petsamo, the Finns used guerrilla tactics. The Red Army was superior in numbers and material, but Finns used the advantages of speed, manoeuvre warfare and economy of force. Particularly on the Ladoga Karelia front and during the Battle of Raate Road, the Finns isolated smaller portions of numerically superior Soviet forces. With Soviet forces divided into smaller groups, the Finns dealt with them individually and attacked from all sides.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: The Soviet advance was stopped at the Mannerheim Line. Red Army troops suffered from poor morale and a shortage of supplies, eventually refusing to participate in more suicidal frontal attacks. The Finns, led by General Harald Öhquist, decided to launch a counter-attack and encircle three Soviet divisions into a "motti" near Viipuri on 23 December. Öhquist's plan was bold; however it failed. The Finns lost 1,300 men, and the Soviets were later estimated to have lost a similar number.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: In North Karelia, Soviet forces were outmanoeuvred at Ilomantsi and Lieksa. The Finns used effective guerrilla tactics, taking special advantage of their superior skiing skills and snow-white layered clothing and executing surprise ambushes and raids. By the end of December, the Soviets decided to retreat and transfer resources to more critical fronts.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: The Finnish area of Lapland, bestriding the Arctic Circle, is sparsely developed, with little daylight and persistent snow-cover during winter; the Finns expected nothing more than raiding parties and reconnaissance patrols. Instead, the Soviets sent full divisions. On 11 December, the Finns rearranged the defence of Lapland and detached the Lapland Group from the North Finland Group. The group was placed under the command of Kurt Wallenius.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: Soviet aircraft bombed Finnish vessels and harbours and dropped mines into Finnish seaways. Still, only five merchant ships were lost to Soviet action. World War II, which had started before the Winter War, proved more costly for the Finnish merchant vessels, with 26 lost due to hostile action in 1939 and 1940.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: Finnish coastal artillery batteries defended important harbours and naval bases. Most batteries were left over from the Imperial Russian period, with guns being the most numerous. Finland attempted to modernise its old guns and installed a number of new batteries, the largest of which featured a gun battery on the island of Kuivasaari in front of Helsinki, originally intended to block the Gulf of Finland to Soviet ships with the help of batteries on the Estonian side.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: Coastal artillery had a greater effect on land by reinforcing defence in conjunction with army artillery. Two sets of fortress artillery made significant contributions to the early battles on the Karelian Isthmus and in Ladoga Karelia. These were located at Kaarnajoki on the Eastern Isthmus and at Mantsi on the northeastern shore of Lake Ladoga. The fortress of Koivisto provided similar support from the southwestern coast of the Isthmus.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: Finland officially refused overtures from the anti-Soviet Russian All-Military Union (ROVS) for aid. Nevertheless, Mannerheim eventually agreed to establish a small Russian detachment ("Russkaya narodnaya armiya", RNA) of 200 men after being introduced to Boris Bazhanov, a high-ranking ROVS member, in person in January 1940. The project was deemed top secret, and was under the auspices of the intelligence division of the Finnish army headquarters.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: The Soviet General Staff Supreme Command ("Stavka") met in April 1940, reviewed the lessons of the Finnish campaign and recommended reforms. The role of frontline political commissars was reduced, and old-fashioned ranks and forms of discipline were reintroduced. Clothing, equipment and tactics for winter operations were improved. Not all of the reforms had been completed when Germans initiated Operation Barbarossa 14 months later.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Winter War

Context: The Winter War laid bare the disorganisation and ineffectiveness of the Red Army and that of the Allies. The Anglo-French Supreme War Council was unable to formulate a workable plan, revealing its unsuitability to make effective war in either Britain or France. This failure led to the collapse of the Third Daladier Government in France and the nomination of Paul Reynaud as the new Prime Minister of France.

Question: 핀란드에서 내전이 일어난 이유는 무엇인가?


Second Opium War

Context: It was the second major conflict in the Opium Wars, which were fought over the right to import opium to China, and resulted in a second defeat for the Qing dynasty. It caused many Chinese officials to believe that conflicts with the Western powers were no longer traditional wars, but part of a looming national crisis.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: In 1860, British and French troops landed near Beijing and fought their way into the city. Peace negotiations quickly broke down and the British High Commissioner to China ordered the foreign troops to loot and destroy the Imperial Summer Palace, a complex of palaces and gardens at which Qing Dynasty emperors handled affairs of state.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: The terms "Second War" and "Arrow War" are both used in literature. "Second Opium War" refers to one of Britain's strategic objectives, the legalizing the opium trade. China's defeat also opened up all of China to British merchants, and exempted foreign imports from internal transit duties. "Arrow War" refers to the name of the vessel which became the starting point of the conflict.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: Between the two wars, repeated acts of aggression against British subjects led in 1847 to the Expedition to Canton which assaulted and took, by a "coup de main", the forts of the Bocca Tigris resulting in the spiking of 879 guns.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: On 3 March 1857, the British government lost a Parliamentary vote regarding the "Arrow" incident and what had taken place at Canton to the end of the previous year. However, there was a general election in April 1857 which increased the government's majority.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: In April, the British government asked the United States of America and Russia if they were interested in alliances, but both parties rejected the offer. In May 1857, the Indian Mutiny became serious. British troops destined for China were diverted to India, which was considered the priority issue.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: France joined the British action against China, prompted by complaints from their envoy, Baron Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros, over the execution of a French missionary, Auguste Chapdelaine, by Chinese local authorities in Guangxi province, which at that time was not open to foreigners.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: The British and the French joined forces under Admiral Sir Michael Seymour. In late 1857, the British army, which was led by Lord Elgin, and the French army, which was led by Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros, jointly attacked and occupied Canton (today Guangzhou). A joint committee of the Alliance was formed. The Allies left the city governor at his post in order to maintain order on behalf of the victors. The British-French alliance maintained control of Canton for nearly four years.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: The coalition then cruised north to briefly capture the Taku Forts near Tientsin (Tianjin) in May 1858.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: The United States and Russia sent envoys to Hong Kong to offer military help to the British and French, though in the end Russia sent no military aid.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: Despite the U.S. government's promise of neutrality, the aided the Anglo-French alliance in the bombardment of the Taku Forts in 1859.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: Throughout 1857, British forces began to assemble in Hong Kong, joined by a French force. In December 1857 they had sufficient ships and men to raise the issue of the non-fulfilment of the treaty obligations by which the right of entry into Canton had been accorded. Parkes delivered an ultimatum, supported by Hong Kong governor Sir John Bowring and Admiral Sir Michael Seymour, threatening on 14 December to bombard Canton if the men were not released within 24 hours.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: The remaining crew of the "Arrow" were then released, with no apology from Viceroy Ye Mingchen who also refused to honour the treaty terms. Seymour, Major General van Straubenzee and Admiral de Genouilly agreed the plan to attack Canton as ordered. This event came to be known as the "Arrow" Incident and provided the alternative name of the ensuing conflict.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: The capture of Canton, on 1 January 1858, a city with a population of over 1,000,000 by less than 6,000 troops, resulted in the British and French forces suffering 15 killed and 113 wounded. 200–650 of the defenders and inhabitants became casualties. Ye Mingchen was captured and exiled to Calcutta, India, where he starved himself to death.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: Meanwhile, in Hong Kong, there was a possible attempt to poison John Bowring and his family in January, known as the Esing Bakery incident. However, if it was deliberate, the baker who had been charged with lacing bread with arsenic bungled the attempt by putting an excess of the poison into the dough, such that his victims vomited sufficient quantities of the poison that they had only a non-lethal dose left in their system. Criers were sent out with an alert, preventing further injury.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: When known in Britain, the "Arrow" incident (and the British military response) became the subject of controversy. The British House of Commons on 3 March passed a resolution by 263 to 249 against the Government saying:

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: In response, the Whig Prime Minister Lord Palmerston attacked the patriotism of the Whigs who sponsored the resolution, and Parliament was dissolved, causing the British general election of March 1857.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: The Chinese issue figured prominently in the election, at which Palmerston won an increased majority, silencing the voices within the Whig faction who supported China. The new parliament decided to seek redress from China based on the report about the "Arrow" Incident submitted by Harry Parkes. The French Empire, the United States, and the Russian Empire received requests from Britain to form an alliance.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: In June 1858, the first part of the war ended with the four Treaties of Tientsin, to which Britain, France, Russia, and the U.S. were parties. These treaties opened 11 more ports to Western trade. The Chinese initially refused to ratify the treaties.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: On 28 May 1858, the separate Treaty of Aigun was signed with Russia to revise the Chinese and Russian border as determined by the Nerchinsk Treaty in 1689. Russia gained the left bank of the Amur River, pushing the border south from the Stanovoy mountains. A later treaty, the Convention of Peking in 1860, gave Russia control over a non-freezing area on the Pacific coast, where Russia founded the city of Vladivostok in 1860.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: On 20 May, the British were successful at the First Battle of Taku Forts, but the peace treaty returned the forts to the Qing army.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: In June 1858, shortly after the Qing imperial court agreed to the disadvantageous treaties, hawkish ministers prevailed upon the Xianfeng Emperor to resist Western encroachment. On 2 June 1858, the Xianfeng Emperor ordered the Mongol general Sengge Rinchen to guard the Taku Forts (also romanized as Ta-ku Forts and also called Daku Forts) near Tianjin. Sengge Rinchen reinforced the forts with additional artillery pieces. He also brought 4,000 Mongol cavalry from Chahar and Suiyuan.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: Once the Indian Mutiny was finally quelled, Sir Colin Campbell, commander-in-chief in India, was free to amass troops and supplies for another offensive in China. A 'soldiers' general', Campbell's experience of casualties from disease in the First Opium War led him to provide the British forces with more than enough materiel and supplies, and casualties were light.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: The prisoners had been tortured by having their limbs bound with rope until their flesh was lacerated and became infected with maggots, and by having dung and dirt forced into their throats. Several were executed by beheading, their corpses fed to animals. Captured coolies who had worked for the allies were buried up to their necks and left to dogs.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: With the Qing army devastated, the Xianfeng Emperor fled the capital and left behind his brother, Prince Gong, to take charge of peace negotiations. Xianfeng first fled to the Chengde Summer Palace and then to Rehe Province. Anglo-French troops began looting the Summer Palace (Yiheyuan) and Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan) immediately (as they were full of valuable artwork).

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: On 18 October, British soldiers burnt the Summer Palace, the French refusing to assist. The razing of the buildings took two days, with imperial property in the vicinity also destroyed.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: Both Britain (Second China War Medal) and France (Commemorative medal of the 1860 China Expedition) issued campaign medals. The British medal had the following clasps: China 1842, Fatshan 1857, Canton 1857, Taku Forts 1858, Taku Forts 1860, Peking 1860.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: Seven awards were made of the Victoria Cross, all for gallantry shown on 21 August 1860 by soldiers of the 44th Regiment of Foot and the 67th Regiment of Foot at the Battle of Taku Forts (1860) (see List of Victoria Cross recipients by campaign)

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: On 24 October, the emperor's brother, Prince Gong, conceded to the allied demands, the emperor having fled to Chengde on 22 September. British and French troops entered Beijing, where the Treaty of Tientsin was ratified by the Convention of Peking.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: Two weeks later, Ignatiev forced the Qing government to sign a "Supplementary Treaty of Peking", which ceded the Maritime Provinces east of the Ussuri River (forming part of Outer Manchuria) to the Russians, who went on to found the port of Vladivostok between 1860 and 1861.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


Second Opium War

Context: The Anglo-French victory was heralded in the British press as a triumph for British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston, which made his popularity rise to new heights. British merchants were delighted at the prospects of the expansion of trade in the Far East. Other foreign powers were pleased with the outcome too, since they hoped to take advantage of the opening-up of China.

Question: 제 2차 아편전쟁은 언제 일었났나요?


David Duke

Context: He left the Ku Klux Klan in 1980, after he was accused of trying to sell the organization's mailing list for $35,000. He founded the National Association for the Advancement of White People and served as its president after leaving the Klan. Using the group's newsletter, he promoted Holocaust denial literature for sale such as "The Hoax of the Twentieth Century" and "Did Six Million Really Die?".

Question: KKK의 지도자는 누구인가?


David Duke

Context: Those who made donations to the campaign were publicly outed in several states in 2017, leading to boycotts, lost business, and one restaurant to close entirely.

Question: KKK의 지도자는 누구인가?


David Duke

Context: We [Whites] desire to live in our own neighborhoods, go to our own schools, work in our own cities and towns, and ultimately live as one extended family in our own nation. We shall end the racial genocide of integration. We shall work for the eventual establishment of a separate homeland for African Americans, so each race will be free to pursue its own destiny without racial conflicts and ill will.

Question: KKK의 지도자는 누구인가?


David Duke

Context: A book review by Abraham Foxman, then the National Director of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), describes "My Awakening" as containing racist, antisemitic, sexist, and homophobic opinions.

Question: KKK의 지도자는 누구인가?


David Duke

Context: The ADL has described the book as antisemitic. At one time, the book was sold in the main lobby of the building of the Russian State Duma (lower house of parliament). The first printing of 5,000 copies sold out in several weeks. In 2004, the book was published in the United States.

Question: KKK의 지도자는 누구인가?


David Duke

Context: His website has hosted articles by authors claiming that Jewish loan-sharks own the Federal Reserve Bank, and that Jews own Hollywood and the U.S. media.

Question: KKK의 지도자는 누구인가?


David Duke

Context: The ADL has said that MAUP is the main source of antisemitic activity and publishing in Ukraine, and its "anti-Semitic actions" were "strongly condemned" by Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk and various organizations.

Question: KKK의 지도자는 누구인가?


David Duke

Context: He also wrote "African Atto" under the pseudonym Mohammed X in 1970s, a martial arts guide for black militants; he claimed it was a means of developing a mailing list to keep watch over such activists.

Question: KKK의 지도자는 누구인가?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: According to the Theory of Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetimes the origin of these (thermal) microwave photons is related to redshifted particles created in the early Universe, when the production of particles by the expanding background played a significant role.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The high degree of uniformity throughout the observable universe and its faint but measured anisotropy lend strong support for the Big Bang model in general and the ΛCDM ("Lambda Cold Dark Matter") model in particular. Moreover, the fluctuations are coherent on angular scales that are larger than the apparent cosmological horizon at recombination. Either such coherence is acausally fine-tuned, or cosmic inflation occurred.<ref name="hep-ph/0309057"></ref>

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Other than the temperature and polarization anisotropy, the CMB frequency spectrum is expected to feature tiny departures from the black-body law known as spectral distortions. These are also at the focus of an active research effort with the hope of a first measurement within the forthcoming decades, as they contain a wealth of information about the primordial universe and the formation of structures at late time.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: As the universe expanded, adiabatic cooling caused the energy density of the plasma to decrease until it became favorable for electrons to combine with protons, forming hydrogen atoms. This recombination event happened when the temperature was around 3000 K or when the universe was approximately 379,000 years old. As photons did not interact with these electrically neutral atoms, the former began to travel freely through space, resulting in the decoupling of matter and radiation.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Two of the greatest successes of the Big Bang theory are its prediction of the almost perfect black body spectrum and its detailed prediction of the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. The CMB spectrum has become the most precisely measured black body spectrum in nature.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The second peak was tentatively detected by several experiments before being definitively detected by WMAP, which has tentatively detected the third peak. As of 2010, several experiments to improve measurements of the polarization and the microwave background on small angular scales are ongoing. These include DASI, WMAP, BOOMERanG, QUaD, Planck spacecraft, Atacama Cosmology Telescope, South Pole Telescope and the QUIET telescope.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The cosmic microwave background radiation and the cosmological redshift-distance relation are together regarded as the best available evidence for the Big Bang theory. Measurements of the CMB have made the inflationary Big Bang theory the Standard Cosmological Model. The discovery of the CMB in the mid-1960s curtailed interest in alternatives such as the steady state theory.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: In the late 1940s Alpher and Herman reasoned that if there was a big bang, the expansion of the universe would have stretched the high-energy radiation of the very early universe into the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and down to a temperature of about 5 K. They were slightly off with their estimate, but they had the right idea. They predicted the CMB. It took another 15 years for Penzias and Wilson to stumble into discovering that the microwave background was actually there.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: For details about the reasoning that the radiation is evidence for the Big Bang, see Cosmic background radiation of the Big Bang.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The anisotropy, or directional dependency, of the cosmic microwave background is divided into two types: primary anisotropy, due to effects that occur at the surface of last scattering and before; and secondary anisotropy, due to effects such as interactions of the background radiation with intervening hot gas or gravitational potentials, which occur between the last scattering surface and the observer.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The peaks contain interesting physical signatures. The angular scale of the first peak determines the curvature of the universe (but not the topology of the universe). The next peak—ratio of the odd peaks to the even peaks—determines the reduced baryon density. The third peak can be used to get information about the dark-matter density.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The locations of the peaks give important information about the nature of the primordial density perturbations. There are two fundamental types of density perturbations called "adiabatic" and "isocurvature". A general density perturbation is a mixture of both, and different theories that purport to explain the primordial density perturbation spectrum predict different mixtures.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Collisionless damping is caused by two effects, when the treatment of the primordial plasma as fluid begins to break down:

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: These effects contribute about equally to the suppression of anisotropies at small scales and give rise to the characteristic exponential damping tail seen in the very small angular scale anisotropies.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The depth of the LSS refers to the fact that the decoupling of the photons and baryons does not happen instantaneously, but instead requires an appreciable fraction of the age of the universe up to that era. One method of quantifying how long this process took uses the "photon visibility function" (PVF). This function is defined so that, denoting the PVF by "P"("t"), the probability that a CMB photon last scattered between time "t" and is given by "P"("t")"dt".

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The CMB photons are scattered by free charges such as electrons that are not bound in atoms. In an ionized universe, such charged particles have been liberated from neutral atoms by ionizing (ultraviolet) radiation. Today these free charges are at sufficiently low density in most of the volume of the universe that they do not measurably affect the CMB. However, if the IGM was ionized at very early times when the universe was still denser, then there are two main effects on the CMB:

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Both of these effects have been observed by the WMAP spacecraft, providing evidence that the universe was ionized at very early times, at a redshift more than 17. The detailed provenance of this early ionizing radiation is still a matter of scientific debate. It may have included starlight from the very first population of stars (population III stars), supernovae when these first stars reached the end of their lives, or the ionizing radiation produced by the accretion disks of massive black holes.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The time following the emission of the cosmic microwave background—and before the observation of the first stars—is semi-humorously referred to by cosmologists as the Dark Age, and is a period which is under intense study by astronomers (see 21 centimeter radiation).

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Two other effects which occurred between reionization and our observations of the cosmic microwave background, and which appear to cause anisotropies, are the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect, where a cloud of high-energy electrons scatters the radiation, transferring some of its energy to the CMB photons, and the Sachs–Wolfe effect, which causes photons from the Cosmic Microwave Background to be gravitationally redshifted or blueshifted due to changing gravitational fields.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Cosmologists predict two types of B-modes, the first generated during cosmic inflation shortly after the big bang, and the second generated by gravitational lensing at later times.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: On 17 March 2014 it was announced that the BICEP2 instrument had detected the first type of B-modes, consistent with inflation and gravitational waves in the early universe at the level of , which is the amount of power present in gravitational waves compared to the amount of power present in other scalar density perturbations in the very early universe. Had this been confirmed it would have provided strong evidence for cosmic inflation and the Big Bang

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: and against the ekpyrotic model of Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok. However, on 19 June 2014, considerably lowered confidence in confirming the findings was reported

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: and on 19 September 2014 new results of the Planck experiment reported that the results of BICEP2 can be fully attributed to cosmic dust.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The second type of B-modes was discovered in 2013 using the South Pole Telescope with help from the Herschel Space Observatory. In October 2014, a measurement of the B-mode polarization at 150 GHz was published by the POLARBEAR experiment. Compared to BICEP2, POLARBEAR focuses on a smaller patch of the sky and is less susceptible to dust effects. The team reported that POLARBEAR's measured B-mode polarization was of cosmological origin (and not just due to dust) at a 97.2% confidence level.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Additional ground-based instruments such as the South Pole Telescope in Antarctica and the proposed Clover Project, Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the QUIET telescope in Chile will provide additional data not available from satellite observations, possibly including the B-mode polarization.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: The detailed analysis of CMBR data to produce maps, an angular power spectrum, and ultimately cosmological parameters is a complicated, computationally difficult problem. Although computing a power spectrum from a map is in principle a simple Fourier transform, decomposing the map of the sky into spherical harmonics,

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: where the formula_2 term measures the mean temperature and formula_3 term accounts for the fluctuation, where the formula_4 refers to a spherical harmonic, and "ℓ" is the multipole number while "m" is the azimuthal number.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: By applying the angular correlation function, the sum can be reduced to an expression that only involves "ℓ" and power spectrum term formula_5 The angled brackets indicate the average with respect to all observers in the universe; since the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, therefore there is an absence of preferred observing direction. Thus, "C" is independent of "m". Different choices of "ℓ" correspond to multipole moments of CMB.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Constraints on many cosmological parameters can be obtained from their effects on the power spectrum, and results are often calculated using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: CMB dipole is frame-dependent. The CMB dipole moment could also be interpreted as the peculiar motion of the Earth toward the CMB. Its amplitude depends on the time due to the Earth's orbit about the barycenter of the solar system. This enables us to add a time-dependent term to the dipole expression. The modulation of this term is 1 year, which fits the observation done by COBE FIRAS. The dipole moment does not encode any primordial information.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: A 2021 study of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer questions the kinematic interpretation of CMB anisotropy with high statistical confidence.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: A full Bayesian analysis of the WMAP power spectrum demonstrates that the quadrupole prediction of Lambda-CDM cosmology is consistent with the data at the 10% level and that the observed octupole is not remarkable. Carefully accounting for the procedure used to remove the foregrounds from the full sky map further reduces the significance of the alignment by ~5%.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Recent observations with the Planck telescope, which is very much more sensitive than WMAP and has a larger angular resolution, record the same anomaly, and so instrumental error (but not foreground contamination) appears to be ruled out. Coincidence is a possible explanation, chief scientist from WMAP, Charles L. Bennett suggested coincidence and human psychology were involved, "I do think there is a bit of a psychological effect; people want to find unusual things."

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


Cosmic microwave background

Context: Assuming the universe keeps expanding and it does not suffer a Big Crunch, a Big Rip, or another similar fate, the cosmic microwave background will continue redshifting until it will no longer be detectable, and will be superseded first by the one produced by starlight, and perhaps, later by the background radiation fields of processes that may take place in the far future of the universe such as proton decay, evaporation of black holes, and positronium decay.

Question: 우주 마이크로파 배경은 누가 처음 발견했나요?


History of the Ming dynasty

Context: The Ming dynasty (23 January 1368 – 25 April 1644), officially the Great Ming, founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang, known as the Hongwu Emperor, was an imperial dynasty of China. It was the successor to the Yuan dynasty and the predecessor of the short-lived Shun dynasty, which was in turn succeeded by the Qing dynasty. At its height, the Ming dynasty had a population of 160 million people, while some assert the population could actually have been as large as 200 million.

Question: 명나라는 언제 건국되었나요?


History of the Ming dynasty

Context: Instead of the traditional way of naming a dynasty after the first ruler's home district, Zhu Yuanzhang's choice of 'Ming' or 'Brilliant' for his dynasty followed a Mongol precedent of an uplifting title. Zhu Yuanzhang also took 'Hongwu', or 'Vastly Martial' as his reign title. Although the White Lotus had fomented his rise to power, the emperor later denied that he had ever been a member of their organization and suppressed the religious movement after he became emperor.

Question: 명나라는 언제 건국되었나요?


History of the Ming dynasty

Context: Zhu Yuanzhang, founder of the Ming dynasty, drew on both past institutions and new approaches in order to create 'jiaohua' (meaning 'civilization') as an organic Chinese governing process. This included a building of schools at all levels and an increased study of the classics as well as books on morality. Also included was the distribution of Neo-Confucian ritual manuals and a new civil service examination system for recruitment into the bureaucracy.

Question: 명나라는 언제 건국되었나요?


History of the Ming dynasty

Context: From China the major exports were silk and porcelain. The Dutch East India Company alone handled the trade of 6 million porcelain items from China to Europe between the years 1602 to 1682. After noting the variety of silk goods traded to Europeans, Ebrey writes of the considerable size of commercial transactions:

Question: 명나라는 언제 건국되었나요?


History of the Ming dynasty

Context: In one case a galleon to the Spanish territories in the New World carried over 50,000 pairs of silk stockings. In return China imported mostly silver from Peruvian and Mexican mines, transported via Manila. Chinese merchants were active in these trading ventures, and many emigrated to such places as the Philippines and Borneo to take advantage of the new commercial opportunities.

Question: 명나라는 언제 건국되었나요?


History of the Ming dynasty

Context: Displaying a multitude of items exported from China to the Spanish base at Manila, Brook quotes Antonio de Morga (1559–1636), president of the , who precariously mentions porcelain only once, even though at this time it is becoming one of the greatest export items to Europe from China. From his observation of textiles in the Manila inventory, the Spanish were buying:

Question: 명나라는 언제 건국되었나요?


History of the Ming dynasty

Context: ...raw silk in bundles...fine untwisted silk, white and of all colors...quantities of velvets, some plain and some embroidered in all sorts of figures, colors, and fashions, with body of gold and embroidered with gold; woven stuff and brocades, of gold and silver upon silk of various colors and patterns...damasks, satins, taffetas...

Question: 명나라는 언제 건국되었나요?


History of the Ming dynasty

Context: Unable to attack the heart of Ming directly, the Manchu instead bided their time, developing their own artillery and gathering allies. They were able to enlist Ming government officials and generals as their strategic advisors. A large part of the Ming Army deserted to the Manchu banner. In 1632, they had conquered much of Inner Mongolia, resulting in a large scale recruitment of Mongol troops under the Manchu banner and the securing of an additional route into the Ming heartland.

Question: 명나라는 언제 건국되었나요?


Television news in the United States

Context: Television news in the United States has evolved over many years. It has gone from a simple 10- to 15-minute format in the evenings, to a variety of programs and channels. Today, viewers can watch local, regional and national news programming, in many different ways, any time of the day.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: The first serious attempt at dedicated television news broadcasts in the United States was by CBS. Upon becoming commercial station WCBW (now WCBS-TV) in 1941, the pioneer New York CBS television station broadcast two daily news programs, at 2:30 and 7:30 p.m. weekdays, anchored by most of the newscasts featured Richard Hubbell reading a script with only occasional cutaways to a map or still photograph.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: When Pearl Harbor was bombed on Sunday, December 7, 1941, Ray Forrest, WNBT’s announcer, broke into the broadcast of the movie Millionaire Playboy with news of the attack. According to , news of the attack on Pearl Harbor constituted television’s first bulletin and Sam Cuff of WNBT’s "Face of the War" stood in front of a map showing viewers where the Japanese attacks occurred.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: On CBS in 1948, "CBS Television News" premiered on the network in May with on-camera anchor Douglas Edwards, later retitled "Douglas Edwards and the News". CBS Television also featured public affairs programs such as "Longines Chronoscope" which featured newsworthy public figures, and which ran from June 1951 to April 1955 at 11pm ET.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: The DuMont Television Network had "The Walter Compton News" (June 1947 – 1948), "I.N.S. Telenews" and "Camera Headlines" (1948–1949), and "DuMont Evening News" (September 1954-1 April 1955).

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Today, electronic news gathering has enabled reporters to capture video and audio at greater ease and edit the footage faster than when film was used. Journalists have also employed microwave and satellite.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Television news programming in the U.S. can be separated into categories: local news, network news, and cable news.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Many local broadcast television stations have in-house news departments that produce their own newscasts. The content of the newscasts are geared towards viewers in specific Designated Market Areas in which the stations operate. In other words, the stories have a strong local focus, and are relevant to local lives. National or international stories may also make the top stories but local perspectives/reactions are featured in these stories.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Weather reports also play a very important role in local news as they are found in every local newscast. Compared to national news, local news provides more in-depth, regular and frequent coverage of weather reports relevant to a station's viewing area. Traffic reports are featured especially during weekday morning newscasts. Sports news are also a major regular feature during evening newscasts, especially for local sports teams.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: A station typically produces around five to seven hours of local news on weekdays and airs fewer hours on weekends. Some stations focus more on news, currently KTLA in the Greater Los Angeles area offers 73 and 1/2 hours per week in newscasts (Most of any US Broadcast Station). (11.5 hours each weekday, 6.5 hours on Saturdays and 7.5 hours on Sunday). Some stations produce newscasts for other stations. For instance, WPVI in Philadelphia produces a 22.00 newscast of Action News aired on WPHL.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: News briefs, a two-minute segment with a basic rundown of the largest stories of the day, formerly aired much more frequently on all four networks, including primetime. Currently however, the only network newsbreaks are carried by ABC and CBS in the afternoon leading out of their daytime lineups.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Regional cable news operations, such as New England Cable News, NY1, and Pittsburgh Cable News Channel, have also gained prominence among regional viewers.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Some anchors, reporters, and notable news programs also have blogs that take viewers behind the scenes of their news operation or provide a forum for either the personalities or viewers to air their opinions. In recent years, these news outlets have also provided an avenue for amateurs with digital or mobile phone cameras to send video created by them to be used in the broadcast and website.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Television journalists are acquiring skills for the convergence between television and the Internet. Social media has also become a fixture on the news as most networks, news programmes and key personalities maintain Facebook and Twitter accounts to let viewers get late breaking news, find out what's going on behind the scenes, as well as give comments and questions.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Technological advancement is also changing the ways news is gathered and edited. The newsreel days are long gone. Reporters do not use film anymore. Television journalists are capturing images and sound on video and DV. Some stations even begin gathering and reporting news in high-definition television. Even editing and archiving systems are evolving, as more and more stations convert to non-linear editing systems, and storing file footage on computer servers rather than tapes.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: With digital cable comes on-demand news programming. News operations slowly begin to feel the burden to generate news content on a 24-hour news cycle, while keeping material fresh on their regularly scheduled newscasts. This means around-the-clock coverage. Rather than having a certain deadline for scheduled newscasts to meet, reporters have to file stories as fast as they can. Producers, on the other hand, have to find more ways to keep news stories "fresh" to the viewers.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Over the years, television news in the U.S. has evolved into a variety of formats. Local news and network news, once similar in having slow paces and low story counts, are now quite different in styles and tunes.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: In the late 1960s, Westinghouse Broadcasting, a division of Westinghouse Electric Corporation, devised a new format of local news called "Eyewitness News". Reporters were hired to go out of the newsroom, become "eyewitnesses" of news stories, and record them on film. Later, these reporters were also asked to join the anchors in the studio to talk about the stories.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Al Primo created the format, which was first used on KYW-TV in Philadelphia. In 1968, Primo brought the format to WABC-TV in New York. The "Eyewitness News" format helped to introduce different anchor combinations to local newscasts. The format quickly became popular and was imitated by stations across the country.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Today, most television news operations in the United States utilize some variation of the "Eyewitness News" format.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: "Action News" was introduced in 1970 by WPVI-TV in Philadelphia to compete against the "Eyewitness News" format at rival station KYW-TV. This format features short stories, high story counts, and a strong focus on spot news. It was called "Action News" because it produced a fast-paced style of newscast. Mel Kampmann of WPVI and Irv Weinstein of WKBW-TV in Buffalo, both owned by Capital Cities Communications, are credited with developing the key tenets of the "Action News" format.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Formerly referred to as "news bulletins," "breaking news" refers to any news of sufficient importance to warrant an interruption of regularly scheduled programming.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: On a national network, programming interruptions are restricted to extremely urgent news. On the other hand, such breaks are now common on 24-hour news channels which often have an anchor available for live interruption at any time. However, in recent times, a 'breaking news' banner has been used more frequently on cable news networks to often refer to a programme's lead story.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: "Franchise news" is a variation of Eyewitness News. Some stations decide to brand their news with slogans such as "News you can use," "Coverage you can count on," or "On your side." The newscasts at these stations tend to focus more on franchises—stories that cover a topic important to local viewers. The most successful franchises are health and consumer news. Other franchises include parenting, pets, the environment, and crime fighting.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: Almost every news operation uses some franchises, but a few stations build their news identities around these topical stories.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: During "sweeps," newscasts often feature stories that are more sensationalized, in order to attract more viewers. Some stations save highly controversial investigative stories covered earlier for airing during sweeps.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Television news in the United States

Context: News departments at television stations work closely with promotions departments during sweeps to create promotional spots throughout the day that will entice viewers to tune into the newscasts.

Question: 미국에서 가장 오래된 언론사는 어디인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: A number of factors arose which would ultimately lead to the fall of Babylon. The population of Babylonia became restive and increasingly disaffected under Nabonidus. The Marduk priesthood hated Nabonidus because of his suppression of Marduk's cult and his elevation of the cult of the moon-god Sin. He excited a strong feeling against himself by attempting to centralize the religion of Babylonia in the temple of Marduk at Babylon, and thus alienated the local priesthoods.

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: Nabonidus and Belshazzar's Assyrian heritage is also likely to have added to this resentment. In addition, Mesopotamian military might had usually been concentrated in the martial state of Assyria. Babylonia had always been more vulnerable to conquest and invasion than its northern neighbour, and without the might of Assyria to keep foreign powers in check, Babylonia was ultimately exposed.

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: It was in the sixth year of Nabonidus (550/549 BC) that Cyrus the Great, the Achaemenid Persian king of Anshan in Elam, revolted against his suzerain Astyages, king of the Manda or Medes, at Ecbatana. Astyages' army betrayed him to his enemy, and Cyrus established himself at Ecbatana, thus putting an end to the massive Median Empire and making the Persian faction dominant among the Iranic peoples.

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: Three years later Cyrus had become king of all Persia, and was engaged in a campaign to put down a revolt among the Assyrians. Meanwhile, Nabonidus had established a camp in the desert of his colony of Arabia, near the southern frontier of his kingdom, leaving his son Belshazzar ("Belsharutsur") in command of the army.

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: According to Xenophon, Belshazzar was killed in this conflict, but his account is not widely accepted. Nabonidus surrendered and was deported. Gutian guards were placed at the gates of the great temple of Bel, where the services continued without interruption. Cyrus did not arrive until 28/29 October, with Gobryas having acted for him in his absence. Gobryas was then made governor of the province of Babylon.

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: The Macedonian king Alexander the Great conquered Babylon in 331 BC, and died there in 323 BCE. After a decade of wars between Alexander's former generals, Babylonia and Assyria were absorbed into the Macedonian Seleucid Empire.

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: The timing of the attack may have contributed to the success of Ugbaru's strategy. Herodotus, Xenophon and Daniel 5 all record that Babylon was in the midst of a festival on the night it was taken. The Babylonian Chronicle records that Babylon was captured on 16th Tašrîtu, which was the night before the "akitu" festival in honor of Sin, the moon god.

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: "Cyropaedia" (7.5.26–35) describes the capture of Babylon by Gobryas, who led a detachment of men to the capital and killed the king of Babylon. In 7.5.25, Gobryas remarks that "this night the whole city is given over to revelry", including to some extent the guards. Those who opposed the forces under Gobryas were struck down, including those outside the banquet hall. The capture of the city, and the slaying of the son king of the king (4.6.3), is described in "Cyropaedia" (7:5.26–30) as follows:

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?


Fall of Babylon

Context: Both Xenophon and Daniel 5 describe the demise of Belshazzar on the night that the city was taken. Xenophon, Herodotus, and Daniel agree that the city was taken by surprise, at the time of a festival, and with some (but apparently not much) loss of life. The "Cyropaedia" (4.6.3) states that a father and son were both reigning over Babylon when the city fell, and that the younger ruler was killed.

Question: 바빌론이 몰락한 때는 언제인가?