Werner Heisenberg

Context: He then solved the same problem by treating the anharmonic potential term as a perturbation to the harmonic oscillator and using the perturbation methods that he and Born had developed. Both methods led to the same results for the first and the very complicated second order correction terms. This suggested that behind the very complicated calculations lay a consistent scheme.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: So Heisenberg set out to formulate these results without any explicit dependence on the virtual oscillator model. To do this, he replaced the Fourier expansions for the spatial coordinates by matrices, matrices which corresponded to the transition coefficients in the virtual oscillator method. He justified this replacement by an appeal to Bohr's correspondence principle and the Pauli doctrine that quantum mechanics must be limited to observables.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Up until this time, matrices were seldom used by physicists; they were considered to belong to the realm of pure mathematics. Gustav Mie had used them in a paper on electrodynamics in 1912 and Born had used them in his work on the lattice theory of crystals in 1921. While matrices were used in these cases, the algebra of matrices with their multiplication did not enter the picture as they did in the matrix formulation of quantum mechanics.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In 1928, Albert Einstein nominated Heisenberg, Born, and Jordan for the Nobel Prize in Physics, The announcement of the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 was delayed until November 1933. It was at that time that it was announced Heisenberg had won the Prize for 1932 "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, , led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen".

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Wilhelm Müller replaced Sommerfeld at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Müller was not a theoretical physicist, had not published in a physics journal, and was not a member of the German Physical Society. His appointment was considered a travesty and detrimental to educating theoretical physicists.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: The three investigators who led the SS investigation of Heisenberg had training in physics. Indeed, Heisenberg had participated in the doctoral examination of one of them at the Universität Leipzig. The most influential of the three was Johannes Juilfs. During their investigation, they became supporters of Heisenberg as well as his position against the ideological policies of the "Deutsche Physik" movement in theoretical physics and academia.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In mid-1936, Heisenberg presented his theory of cosmic-ray showers in two papers. Four more papers appeared in the next two years.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In June 1939, Heisenberg traveled to the United States in June and July, visiting Samuel Abraham Goudsmit at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. However, Heisenberg refused an invitation to emigrate to the United States. He did not see Goudsmit again until six years later, when Goudsmit was the chief scientific advisor to the American Operation Alsos at the close of World War II.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: On 4 June 1942, Heisenberg was summoned to report to Albert Speer, Germany's Minister of Armaments, on the prospects for converting the Uranverein's research toward developing nuclear weapons. During the meeting, Heisenberg told Speer that a bomb could not be built before 1945, because it would require significant monetary resources and number of personnel.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: From 24 January to 4 February 1944, Heisenberg travelled to occupied Copenhagen, after the German army confiscated Bohr's Institute of Theoretical Physics. He made a short return trip in April. In December, Heisenberg lectured in neutral Switzerland. The United States Office of Strategic Services sent agent Moe Berg to attend the lecture carrying a pistol, with orders to shoot Heisenberg if his lecture indicated that Germany was close to completing an atomic bomb.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In January 1945, Heisenberg, with most of the rest of his staff, moved from the "Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik" to the facilities in the Black Forest.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In 1958, the Max-Planck-Institut für Physik was moved to Munich, expanded, and renamed Max-Planck-Institut für Physik und Astrophysik (MPIFA). In the interim, Heisenberg and the astrophysicist Ludwig Biermann were co-directors of MPIFA. Heisenberg also became an "ordentlicher Professor" (ordinarius professor) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Heisenberg was the sole director of MPIFA from 1960 to 1970. Heisenberg resigned his directorship of the MPIFA on 31 December 1970.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In December 1953, Heisenberg became the president of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. During his tenure as president 550 Humboldt scholars from 78 nations received scientific research grants. Heisenberg resigned as president shortly before his death.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In the period shortly after World War II, Heisenberg briefly returned to the subject of his doctoral thesis, turbulence. Three papers were published in 1948 and one in 1950. In the post-war period Heisenberg continued his interests in cosmic-ray showers with considerations on multiple production of mesons. He published three papers in 1949, two in 1952, and one in 1955.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In 1973, Heisenberg gave a lecture at Harvard University on the historical development of the concepts of quantum theory. On 24 March 1973 Heisenberg gave a speech before the Catholic Academy of Bavaria, accepting the Romano Guardini Prize. An English translation of his speech was published under the title "Scientific and Religious Truth", a quotation from which appears in a later section of this article.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Heisenberg admired Eastern philosophy and saw parallels between it and quantum mechanics, describing himself as in "complete agreement" with the book "The Tao of Physics". Heisenberg even went as far to state that after conversations with Rabindranath Tagore about Indian philosophy "some of the ideas that seemed so crazy suddenly made much more sense".

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Regarding the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Heisenberg disliked "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" but he liked "very much the later ideas of Wittgenstein and his philosophy about language."

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Heisenberg, a devout Christian, wrote: "We can console ourselves that the good Lord God would know the position of the [subatomic] particles, thus He would let the causality principle continue to have validity", in his last letter to Albert Einstein. Einstein continued to maintain that quantum physics must be incomplete because it implies that the universe is indeterminate at a fundamental level.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In lectures given in the 1950s and later published as "Physics and Philosophy", Heisenberg contended that scientific advances were leading to cultural conflicts. He stated that modern physics is "part of a general historical process that tends toward a unification and a widening of our present world".

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: When Heisenberg accepted the in 1974, he gave a speech, which he later published under the title "Scientific and Religious Truth". He mused:

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Heisenberg's son, Martin Heisenberg, became a neurobiologist at the University of Würzburg, while his son Jochen Heisenberg became a physics professor at the University of New Hampshire.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Heisenberg died of kidney cancer at his home, on 1 February 1976. The next evening, his colleagues and friends walked in remembrance from the Institute of Physics to his home, lit a candle and placed it in front of his door. Heisenberg is buried in Munich Waldfriedhof.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: In 1980 his widow, Elisabeth Heisenberg, published "The Political Life of an Apolitical Person" (de, "Das politische Leben eines Unpolitischen"). In it she characterized Heisenberg as "first and foremost, a spontaneous person, thereafter a brilliant scientist, next a highly talented artist, and only in the fourth place, from a sense of duty, homo politicus."

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Heisenberg's surname is used as the primary alias for Walter White, the lead character in AMC's crime drama series "Breaking Bad" throughout White's transformation from a high-school chemistry teacher into a meth cook and a drug kingpin. In the spin-off prequel series "Better Call Saul", a character named Werner directs the construction of the meth lab belonging to antagonist Gus Fring that Walt cooks in for much of "Breaking Bad".

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Werner Heisenberg was the target of an assassination by spy Moe Berg in the film "The Catcher Was a Spy", based on real events.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Heisenberg is credited with building the atomic bomb used by the Axis in the Amazon Prime TV series adaptation of the novel "The Man in the High Castle" by Philip K. Dick. Atomic bombs in this universe are referred to as Heisenberg Devices.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Daniel Craig portrayed Heisenberg in the 2002 film "Copenhagen," an adaptation of Michael Frayn's play of that name.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Werner Heisenberg

Context: Heisenberg is the namesake of "Resident Evil Village" secondary antagonist Karl Heisenberg. Heisenberg's research on ferromagnetism served as inspiration for the character's magnetic abilities.

Question: Miksi arjalainen fysiikka vastusti suhteellisuus teoriaa?


Comparison of Canadian and American economies

Context: The economies of Canada and the United States are similar because both are developed countries. While both countries feature in the top ten economies in the world in 2022, the U.S. is the largest economy in the world, with US$24.8 trillion, with Canada ranking ninth at US$2.2 trillion.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: This article compares the economies of Canada and the United States based on GDP, debt-to-GDP ratio, inflation, unemployment, public debt, taxation, and purchasing power parity.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: In 2022 the population of Canada was 38,526,760 (Q1, 2022). compared to 36,991,981 in 2021. while the population of the United States was 331,449,281 under the 2020 Census, almost ten times larger than Canada.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: The United States GDP was $24.8 trillion in 2021. The United States has the largest economy globally and Canada ranks 9th at US$2.015 trillion.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: The US share of the global market economy estimated at US$79.98 trillion, was c. 25% in 2018, which is down from 35% in 2005. China's global e-commerce market share has grown rapidly from less than 1% in c. 1998 to 42% in 2018. China now has second largest economy in the world with a value of US$14 trillion.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: The GDP of the United States increased by 2.3% to US$19,390.6 billion compared to Canada with a GDP of US$48,265 billion and growth of 3% according to the January 2018 International Monetary Fund's (IMF) annual World Economic Outlook (WEO).

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: According to the IMF's 2018 annual Article IV Mission to Canada, compared to all the G7 countries, including the United States, Canada's "total government net debt-to-GDP ratio", is the lowest. Canada has been the G7 leader in economic growth since 2016. The unemployment rate in Canada is at its lowest level since c.1978. Over 600,000 full-time jobs have been created in Canada since early 2016.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: The IMF's 2018 annual Article IV Mission to the United States reported that, "Unemployment is low, inflation is well contained, and growth is set to accelerate. During the course of this administration, the economy is expected to enter the longest expansion in recorded U.S. history." Topics covered include competition, debt, sustainability analysis, economic indicators, fiscal policy, fiscal sustainability, monetary policy, tax policy and trade policy.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: The International Monetary Fund's annual World Economic Outlook provides the main economic indicators in Canada in selected years between 1980 and 2017. Inflation under 2% is in green.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: This table show the same economic indicators in the United States in selected years between 1980 and 2017. Inflation under 2% is in green.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: Canada and the United States are member states of international trade organizations, including NAFTA—replaced by the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) negotiated in 2018, G7, G20, OECD and WTO.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: According to Statscan, Canada's trade deficit shrank to CAN$416 million (US$318 million) in September 2018.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: According to the August 2018 International Trade Compliance (ITC) report, in 2017, US merchandise exports increased $95.7 billion or 6.6% from $1,451.0 billion in 2016 to $1,546.7 billion. During the same period, US imports increased by $155.1 billion or 7.1% up from $2,187.8 billion in 2016. In 2017 energy-related products represented the largest increase in both imports and exports in the US.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: Although wealth is more highly concentrated in the US, the median (50th percentile) worker has about 23% more purchasing power as well. In terms of purchasing power parity, the most recent statistics from the IMF has Canada (US$35,494) lower than that in the United States (US$43,444).

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: The OECD tracks member countries debt-to-GDP ratio, the "amount of a country's total gross government debt as a percentage of its GDP", as an "indicator of an economy's health and a key factor for the sustainability of government finance."

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: This compares United States public debt and Canadian public debt based on data from the CIA's World Factbook and the IMF.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: According to the Canadian Finance Minister Bill Morneau in his February 27, 2018 presentation of the Canadian federal budget for the fiscal year 2018–2019, the deficit was projected to be CDN$18.1 billion.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: According to the Fraser Institute, government spending at all levels (federal, state/provincial and local) has traditionally been higher in Canada than the United States.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: According to the OECD's report entitled "Taxing Wages 2018" in 2017, the "employee net average tax rate for a single person in Canada with no children was 22.8%, compared to 26.1% in the United States. Canada placed "11th lowest among 35 OECD countries". The OECD "estimates take into account federal and provincial or state taxes, as well as social security contributions and money returned in the form of family benefits".

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: In 2016, Canada's tax revenue to GDP ratio was 31.7% ranking 24th out of 35 OECD countries, compared to the US at 26% ranking at 30th, according to the OECD.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: According to a table updated to January 2018, produced by the Netherlands-based KPMG, one of the world's Big Four auditors, the corporate tax rate in Canada was 26.50% compared to 27% in the United States.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: KPMG calculated the Canadian corporate tax by adding the federal and provincial tax components. The federal component is 15%. Each of the ten provinces and three territories have 2 different tax rates, one which is lower for small businesses which ranges from 0 to 4.5%, and higher for all other corporations, which ranges from 11.5 to 16%. Combined with the federal tax component the total can vary from 26.5% to 31%.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: In 2017, the unemployment rate in Canada was 6.3%, compared to 4.4% unemployment rate in the United States. From November 2017 through October 2018, Canada's unemployment ranged from 5.8% to 6.0%.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: In Canada in October 2018, 11,200 new full-time jobs were added, lowering the unemployment rate to 5.8%—a "40-year low, underpinning expectations that the Bank of Canada would keep raising interest rates". However, the "labor participation rate fell to its lowest point since October 1998—65.2%.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: According to a 2004 article, Canadian workers were estimated to be 82% as productive per hour as their American counterparts. The industries with the largest productivity advantages for the US are the manufacturing (particularly electronics and computer), finance, and service sectors. Industries where Canada is more productive than the US are the construction and natural resources sectors with Canadian workers achieving 129% relative productivity.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: The productivity gap was even larger in the 1950s but the difference narrowed, aided by the elimination of the smaller market problem through free trade. The gap closed somewhat in the 1980s but at a much slower pace than in the 1960s. From 1961 to 1973 labour productivity rose annually by 3.3 percent in Canada and 1.7 percent in the United States. According to a 1997 IMF report, from 1973 to 1995 productivity growth was 1.1% in Canada and 0.8% in the United States.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: The productivity gap began to widen again in the 1990s, particularly in the manufacturing sector. According to a 2005 article, by 2000, this was called Canada's "Excellence Gap" by the Chief Economist of Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters. The United States has the second-highest productivity of the G8 countries, while Canada's is 5th based on the 1997 estimate.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Context: Five main reasons for the productivity gap: the lower capital intensity of economic activity in Canada; an innovation gap in Canada relative to the United States; Canada's relatively underdeveloped high-tech sector; and more limited economies of scale and scope in Canada.

Question: Mikä on Kanadan BKT?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Blavatsky was a controversial figure during her lifetime, championed by supporters as an enlightened Sage and derided as a charlatan by critics. Her Theosophical doctrines influenced the spread of Hindu and Buddhist ideas in the West as well as the development of Western esoteric currents like Ariosophy, Anthroposophy, and the New Age Movement.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Developing a reliable account of Blavatsky's life has proved difficult for biographers because in later life she deliberately provided contradictory accounts and falsifications about her own past. Furthermore, very few of her own writings written before 1873 survive, meaning that biographers must rely heavily on these unreliable later accounts. The accounts of her early life provided by her family members have also been considered dubious by biographers.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: On foundation, Olcott was appointed chairman, with Judge as secretary, and Blavatsky as corresponding secretary, although she remained the group's primary theoretician and leading figure. Prominent early members included Emma Hardinge Britten, Signor Bruzzesi, C.C. Massey, and William L. Alden; many were prominent and successful members of the establishment, although not all would remain members for long.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Revolving around Blavatsky's idea that all the world's religions stemmed from a single "Ancient Wisdom", which she connected to the Western esotericism of ancient Hermeticism and Neoplatonism, it also articulated her thoughts on Spiritualism, and provided a criticism of Darwinian evolution, stating that it dealt only with the physical world and ignored the spiritual realms.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: The book was edited by Professor of Philosophy Alexander Wilder and published in two volumes by J.W. Bouton in 1877. Although facing negative mainstream press reviews, including from those who highlighted that it extensively quoted around 100 other books without acknowledgement, it proved to be such a commercial success, with its initial print run of 1,000 copies selling out in a week, that the publisher requested a sequel, although Blavatsky turned down the offer.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: While "Isis Unveiled" was a success, the Society remained largely inactive, having fallen into this state in autumn 1876. This was despite the fact that new lodges of the organisation had been established throughout the U.S. and in London, and prominent figures like Thomas Edison and Abner Doubleday had joined. In July 1878, Blavatsky gained U.S. citizenship.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Associating largely with Indians rather than the governing British elite, Blavatsky took a fifteen-year-old Gujarati boy, Vallah "Babula" Bulla, as her personal servant. Many educated Indians were impressed with the Theosophists championing of Indian religions, coming about during a period "of [India's] growing self-assertion against the values and beliefs" of the British Empire. Her activity in the city was monitored by British intelligence services, who suspected that she was working for Russia.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: The two-volume book was reviewed for the "Pall Mall Gazette" by the social reformer Annie Besant; impressed by it, Besant met with Blavatsky and joined the Theosophists. In August 1890, Blavatsky moved in to Besant's large house at 19 Avenue Road in St. John's Wood.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Anthropologist Leo Klejn claimed that Blavatsky's indefatigability and energy were surprising. The Indologist Alexander Senkevich stated that Blavatsky's charisma exerted influence on Charles Massey and Stainton Moses.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Godwin suggested that Blavatsky's life work was "not only spiritual but socially idealistic and fiercely political". He suggested that her "emotional fuel" was partly "a hatred of oppression", which Godwin claimed was either through the intellectual domination of Christianity or British colonial rule in India. Conversely, Meade thought Blavatsky to be "basically a non-political person".

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: The scholar of religion Olav Hammer noted that "on rare occasions" Blavatsky's writings are "overtly racist", adding that her antisemitism "derives from the unfortunate position of Judaism as the origin of Christianity" and refers to "the intense dislike she felt for Christianity". She wrote that "Judaism, built solely on Phallic worship, has become one of the latest creeds in Asia, and theologically a religion of hate and malice toward everyone and everything outside themselves."

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: According to Meade, Blavatsky assembled her theories and doctrines gradually, in a piecemeal fashion. Blavatsky claimed that these Theosophical doctrines were not her own invention, but had been received from a brotherhood of secretive spiritual adepts whom she referred to as the "Masters" or "Mahatmas".

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Fundamentally, the underlying concept behind Blavatsky's Theosophy was that there was an "ancient wisdom religion" which had once been found across the world, and which was known to various ancient figures, such as the Greek philosopher Plato and the ancient Hindu sages.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Blavatsky connected this ancient wisdom religion to Hermetic philosophy, a worldview in which everything in the universe is identified as an emanation from a Godhead. Blavatsky believed that all of the world's religions developed from this original global faith.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Thus, in bringing these Theosophical ideas to humanity, Blavatsky viewed herself as a messianic figure.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: According to Goodrick-Clarke, the Theosophical Society "disseminated an elaborate philosophical edifice involving a cosmogony, the macrocosm of the universe, spiritual hierarchies, and intermediary beings, the latter having correspondences with a hierarchical conception of the microcosm of man."

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Washington believed that the purpose of these three precepts was to lead to the "discovery of the powers latent in man through the occult study of science, philosophy and religion [which] shall be the preferred route to the social harmony and equality which will prefigureand perhaps becomethe divine harmony."

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: While living in New York City, Blavatsky had referred to herself as a "Buddhist", although officially embraced Buddhism only while in Ceylon. However, Lachman stated that her Buddhism was "highly eccentric and had little to do with the Buddhism of scholars like Müller or that of your average Buddhist". Blavatsky argued that The Buddha had sought to return to the teachings of the Vedas, and that Buddhism therefore represented a more accurate survival of ancient Brahmanism than modern Hinduism.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Although critical of Catholicism and Protestantism, and opposing their growth in Asia, throughout her life she remained highly sympathetic to the Russian Orthodox Church, commenting that "with the faith of the Russian Church I will not even compare Buddhism".

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: G. R. S. Mead proclaimed, "Two things in all the chaos of her cosmos stood firm in every moodthat her Teachers existed and that she had not cheated."

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Blavatsky expounded what has been described as a "monotheistic, immanentist, and mystical cosmology".

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: This cosmology exhibited commonalities with the scientific discoveries of geology and biological evolution, both of which had been revealed by scientific inquiry during the 19th century.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: In "The Secret Doctrine", Blavatsky articulated the belief that in the beginning of time there was absolute nothingness. This primordial essence then separated itself into seven Rays, which were also intelligent beings known as the Dhyan Chohans; these Seven Rays then created the universe using an energy called "Fohat". The Earth was created and underwent seven Rounds, in each of which different living beings were created.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: The fifth Root Race to emerge was the Aryans and was found across the world at the time she was writing. She believed that the fifth Race would come to be replaced by the sixth, which would be heralded by the arrival of Maitreya, a figure from Mahayana Buddhist mythology. She further believed that humanity would eventually develop into the final, seventh Root Race.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Lachman suggested that by reading Blavatsky's cosmogonical claims as a literal account of history, "we may be doing it a disservice." He instead suggested that it could be read as Blavatsky's attempt to formulate "a new myth for the modern age, or as a huge, fantastic science fiction story".

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Blavatsky wrote, in "Isis Unveiled", that Spiritualism "alone offers a possible last refuge of compromise between" the "revealed religions and materialistic philosophies". While she acknowledged that fanatic believers "remained blind to its imperfections", she wrote that such a fact was "no excuse to doubt its reality" and asserted that Spiritualist fanaticism was "itself a proof of the genuineness and possibility of their phenomena".

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: According to religious studies scholar Mark Bevir, Blavatsky "adapted the occult tradition to meet the challenge of Victorian science and morality".

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Historian Ronald Hutton described Blavatsky as "one of the century's truly international figures", whose ideas gained "considerable popularity".

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Various biographers have noted that by the late 20th and early 21st century, Blavatsky was little known among the general public. In 2006, scholar James A. Santucci nevertheless noted that she was "as visible today as any modern trend-setting guru, and she will most likely remain the most memorable and innovative esotericist of the 19th century."

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Parasychologist Nandor Fodor stated, "Whatever result psycho-analysts may arrive at in the study of her complex character, it must be admitted that she was a remarkable woman and that she indeed possessed psychic powers which, however, fell far short of the miraculous feats she constantly aimed at." A number of authors, primarily Scholars, have suggested that Blavatsky sometimes spoke and/or wrote out of altered states of consciousness.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Blavatsky presented her book "The Voice of the Silence", The Seven gates, "Two Paths" to Leo Tolstoy. In his works, Tolstoy used the dicta from the theosophical journal "". In his diary, he wrote on 12 February 1903, "I am reading a beautiful theosophical journal and find many commonalities with my understanding."

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Since its inception, and through doctrinal assimilation or divergence, Theosophy has also given rise to or influenced the development of other mystical, philosophical, and religious movements.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: During the 1920s the Theosophical Society Adyar had around 7,000 members in the U.S. There also was a substantial following in Asia. According to a Theosophical source, the Indian section in 2008 was said to have around 13,000 members while in the US the 2008 membership was reported at around 3,900.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Blavatsky's Theosophy has been cited as an influence on the New Age Movement, an esoteric current that emerged in Western nations during the 1970s.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: "No single organization or movement has contributed so many components to the New Age Movement as the Theosophical Society. ... It has been the major force in the dissemination of occult literature in the West in the twentieth century."

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Other organizations loosely based on Theosophical texts and doctrines include the Agni Yoga, and a group of religions based on Theosophy called the Ascended Master Teachings: the "I AM" Activity, The Bridge to Freedom, Universal Medicine and The Summit Lighthouse, which evolved into the Church Universal and Triumphant.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Hutton suggested that Blavatsky had a greater impact in Asia than in the Western world. Blavatsky has been cited as having inspired Hindus to respect their own religious roots.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: The Theosophical Society influenced the growth of Indian national consciousness, with prominent figures in the Indian independence movement, among them Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, being inspired by Theosophy to study their own national heritage.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: The Theosophical Society had a major influence on Buddhist modernism and Hindu reform movements, while Blavatsky and Olcott took part in Anagarika Dharmapala's revival of Theravada Buddhism in Ceylon.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: In doing so, Meade believed that Blavatsky paved the way for the emergence of later movements such as the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Transcendental Meditation movement, Zen Buddhism, and yoga in the West. Hutton believed that the two greatest achievements of Blavatsky's movement were in popularizing belief in reincarnation and in a singular divine world soul within the West.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Blavatsky "both incorporated a number of the doctrines of eastern religions into her occultism, and interpreted eastern religions in the light of her occultism", in doing so extending a view of the "mystical East" that had already been popularized through Romanticist poetry.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Helena Blavatsky

Context: Blavatsky responded to those academic specialists in Indian religion who accused her of misrepresenting it by claiming that they understood only the exoteric nature of Hinduism and Buddhism and not the inner esoteric secrets of these faiths, which she traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Question: Minkä ikäisenä H. P. Blavatsky kuoli?


Wastewater

Context: As a generic term wastewater may also be used to describe water containing contaminants accumulated in other settings, such as:

Question: Miten jätevesi määritellään?


Old School RuneScape

Context: "Old School RuneScape" largely takes place in the fictional realm of Gielinor, a planet filled with multiple environments and climates. It is divided into kingdoms and is inhabited by humans, vampyres, elves, monkeys, dwarves, fairies, gnomes, goblins, trolls, ogres and other races.

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Old School RuneScape

Context: A mobile port of the game was previewed at the Game Developers Conference in March 2018. It was released for Android and iOS devices was released on 30 October 2018. In under two weeks, it became the most downloaded mobile game in eight different countries, surpassing a million downloads.

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Old School RuneScape

Context: In October 2020, following the release of RuneScape 3 on Steam, it was announced that Old School Runescape would arrive on the platform in 2021. Old School RuneScape released on Steam on February 24, 2021.

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Old School RuneScape

Context: The first iteration of Leagues was entitled the "Twisted League" and ran from November 14, 2019 until January 16, 2020. In this League, players were restricted to the regions of the Kebos Lowlands and Great Kourend. The second iteration, "Trailblazer League", began on October 28, 2020. Shortly after, the game reached an all time record of 157,000 players playing at one time.

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Old School RuneScape

Context: At various times during the year, "Old School RuneScape" launches temporary holiday events, where players can complete seasonal quests to earn special rewards. Currently, there are four annual holiday events: Easter, Halloween, Christmas and the "birthday event".

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Old School RuneScape

Context: An esports tournament "Wilderness Wars" was held at the 61st Insomnia Gaming Festival on 26 August 2017.

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Old School RuneScape

Context: Professional reviews have been generally positive. Most critics have praised the game for introducing new features while still maintaining the traditional gameplay of "RuneScape". Austin Wood of "PC Gamer" gave "Old School RuneScape" a score of 77 out of 100.

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Old School RuneScape

Context: The game was nominated for the "Heritage" and "Best Role-Playing Game" awards at The Independent Game Developers' Association Awards 2018 and 2019, and won the award for "EE Mobile Game of the Year" at the 15th British Academy Games Awards. In addition, it won the award for "Best Mobile Game" at the Develop:Star Awards, whereas its other nomination was for "Best Innovation". It was also nominated for "Game of the Year" and "Best Live Ops" at the "Pocket Gamer" Mobile Games Awards.

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Old School RuneScape

Context: "Old School RuneScape", like "RuneScape", has a free-to-play (F2P) mode of the game with limited in-game content, making its money through membership subscriptions from pay-to-play (P2P) players who have access to the full game. Membership can be bought from Jagex either directly or in the form of Bonds. Bonds can be redeemed by players for membership, or sold to other players for in game currency.

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Old School RuneScape

Context: In June 2017, the addition of an LGBT-themed holiday event, in which players were tasked with finding the pieces to create a rainbow scarf, caused controversy among players for being seen as political and out of place.

Question: Milloin OSRS julkaistiin?


Population of Canada

Context: The large size of Canada's north, which is not at present arable, and thus cannot support large human populations, significantly lowers the country's carrying capacity. In 2021, the population density of Canada was 4.2 people per square kilometre. As contrast, Russia's similar figure was 8.4 people per square kilometre.

Question: Mikä oli Kanadan asukasluku vuonna 2018?


Population of Canada

Context: The population has increased every year since the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867; however, the population of Newfoundland was not included prior to its entry into confederation as Canada's tenth province in 1949. The first national census of the country was taken in 1871, with a population count around 3,689,000. The year with the least population growth (in real terms) was 1882–1883, when only 30,000 new individuals were enumerated.

Question: Mikä oli Kanadan asukasluku vuonna 2018?


Population of Canada

Context: Prior to Canadian confederation in 1867 the population counts reflected only the former colonies and settlements and not the country to be as a whole with indigenous nations separated.

Question: Mikä oli Kanadan asukasluku vuonna 2018?


Population of Canada

Context: In 2006, Statistics Canada projected for the decade 2021 to 2031 the population to grow by more than 5 million, or more than 10%. Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 percent overall growth. The 2016 Canadian census counted a total population of 35.1 million, or 1.5 million under the 2006 projection.

Question: Mikä oli Kanadan asukasluku vuonna 2018?


Population of Canada

Context: In October 2020, the Trudeau government announced its plans to bring in more than 1.2 million immigrants over the subsequent three years, to catch up to the high-growth scenario.

Question: Mikä oli Kanadan asukasluku vuonna 2018?


Injera

Context: The baking method for injera has changed little since its origin. Traditionally, the flour is mixed with water and fermented. It is baked by pouring the mixture onto a large circular griddle, known as a "mitad."

Question: Mikä on Etiopian kansallisruoka?


Injera

Context: The injera is baked into large, flat and round pieces. The dough's viscosity allows it to be poured onto the baking surface, rather than rolled out, which is unusual for a yeast or sourdough bread.

Question: Mikä on Etiopian kansallisruoka?


Injera

Context: In terms of shape, injera compares to the French "crêpe" and the Indian "dosa" as a flatbread cooked in a circle and used as a base for other foods. In taste and texture, it is more similar to the South Indian "appam". The bottom surface of the injera, which touches the heating surface, has a relatively smooth texture, while the top is porous. This porous texture makes injera good for scooping up sauces and dishes.

Question: Mikä on Etiopian kansallisruoka?


Injera

Context: Baking is done on a circular griddle - either a large black clay plate over a fire or a specialized electric stove. The griddle is known as a () (in Amharic) or () (in Tigrinya). "Mitads" have been found at archaeological sites dating back as far as 600 AD. Nowadays, "mitads" are no longer always made out of clay, and can also be electric.

Question: Mikä on Etiopian kansallisruoka?


Injera

Context: Many women in urban areas—especially those living outside Ethiopia and Eritrea—now use electric injera stoves, which are topped with a large metal plate, or simply non-stick frying pans.

Question: Mikä on Etiopian kansallisruoka?


Injera

Context: In Ethiopia and Eritrea, injera is eaten daily in virtually every household. Outside of Ethiopia and Eritrea, injera may be found in grocery stores and restaurants specializing in Ethiopian and Eritrean cooking.

Question: Mikä on Etiopian kansallisruoka?


Injera

Context: There are similar variants to injera in other African countries like Sudan and Chad. The variant eaten in South Sudan, Sudan and Chad is known as "kisra".

Question: Mikä on Etiopian kansallisruoka?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The front in the east was much longer than that in the west. The theater of war was roughly delimited by the Baltic Sea in the west and Minsk in the east, and Saint Petersburg in the north and the Black Sea in the south, a distance of more than . This had a drastic effect on the nature of the warfare.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: While the war on the Western Front developed into trench warfare, the battle lines on the Eastern Front were much more fluid and trenches never truly developed. This was because the greater length of the front ensured that the density of soldiers in the line was lower so the line was easier to break. Once broken, the sparse communication networks made it difficult for the defender to rush reinforcements to the rupture in the line, mounting rapid counteroffensives to seal off any breakthrough.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: Schlieffen believed Russia would not be ready or willing to move against and attack Germany due to the huge losses of military equipment that Russia had suffered in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904–1905, its low population density and lack of railroads.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: Conversely, the German Navy believed it could be victorious over Britain with Russian neutrality, something which Moltke knew would not be possible.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: Specifically, the South Slavic people of Austria-Hungary desired to amalgamate with Serbia in an effort to officially solidify their shared cultural heritage. Over seven million South Slavs lived inside the Empire, while three million lived outside it. With the growing emergence of nationalism in the twentieth century, unity of all South Slavs looked promising. This tension is exemplified by Conrad von Hötzendorf's letter to Franz Ferdinand:

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: Prior to 1914, the Russian's lack of success in war and diplomacy in the six decades before 1914 sapped the country's moral strength. The triumphs of Britain and Germany in the martial, diplomatic and economic spheres put these countries in the front rank of the world's leading nations. This was a source of national pride, self-confidence and unity. It helped reconcile the worker to the state and the Bavarian or Scotsman to rule from Berlin or London.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: This was doubly dangerous given the growing evidence flowing into Petersburg about Germany's aggressive intentions. Both Bazarov and the agents of the Russian secret political police in Germany reported the concern aroused in public opinion by the press war against Russia, which raged in the spring of 1914.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The Russian military was the largest in the world consisting of 1.4 million men on duty just prior to the war. They could also mobilize up to 5 million men, but only had 4.6 million rifles to give them. It also had poor leadership.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: By mid-1915, the Russians had been expelled from Russian Poland and hence pushed hundreds of kilometers away from the borders of the Central Powers, removing the threat of Russian invasion of Germany or Austria-Hungary. At the end of 1915 German-Austrian advance was stopped on the line Riga–Jakobstadt–Dünaburg–Baranovichi–Pinsk–Dubno–Tarnopol. The general outline of this front line did not change until the Russian collapse in 1917.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: After the Battle of Sarikamish, the Russo-Turkish front quickly turned in favor of Russian forces. The Turks were concerned with reorganizing their army and committing the Armenian genocide. Meanwhile, Russia was preoccupied with other armies on the Eastern Front. However, the appointment of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich as Viceroy and Commander in the Caucasus in September 1915 revived the situation of the Russo-Turkish front.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: By January 1917, the ranks of the Romanian army had been significantly thinned. Roughly 150,000 Romanian soldiers had been taken prisoner, 200,000 men were dead or wounded, and lost two thirds of their country, including the capital. Importantly, the Ploiești oilfields, the only significant source of oil in Europe west of the Black Sea, had been destroyed before they were abandoned to the Central Powers.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The Russian February Revolution aimed to topple the Russian monarchy and resulted in the creation of the Provisional Government. The revolution was a turning point in Russian history, and its significance and influence can still be felt in many countries today. Although many Russians wanted a revolution, no one had expected it to happen when it did – let alone how it did.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: Between late July and early September, the Romanian Army fought the battles of Mărăști, Mărășești and Oituz, managing to stop the German-Austro-Hungarian advance, inflicting heavy losses in the process and winning the most important Allied victories on the Eastern Front in 1917.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: As a result of these operations, the remaining Romanian territories remained unoccupied, tying down nearly 1,000,000 Central Powers troops and prompting "The Times" to describe the Romanian front as "The only point of light in the East".

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: On 7 May 1918, in light of the existing politico-military situation, Romania was forced to conclude the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers, imposing harsh conditions on the country but recognizing its union with Bessarabia. Alexandru Marghiloman became the new German-sponsored Prime Minister. King Ferdinand, however, refused to sign the treaty.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The Germans were able to repair the oil fields around Ploiești and by the end of the war had pumped a million tons of oil. They also requisitioned two million tons of grain from Romanian farmers. These materials were vital in keeping Germany in the war to the end of 1918.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: By September 1917, just months after the February Revolution, Lenin believed the Russian people were ready for another revolution, this time on Marxist principles. On 10 October, at a secret meeting of the Bolshevik party leaders, Lenin used all his power to convince the others that it was time for armed insurrection. Troops who were loyal to the Bolsheviks took control of the telegraph stations, power stations, strategic bridges, post offices, train stations, and state banks.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The Finnish Parliament elected a German prince as King of Finland. However, the Socialists (The Reds) and the Whites in Finland fell into war with each other in January 1918. The Reds wanted Finland to be a Soviet republic, and was aided by Russian forces still in Finland.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The Whites of Finland were led by General Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, a Finnish baron who had been in the Tsars service since he was 15 years old.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The Whites were also offered help by a German Expeditionary Corps led by the German General Goltz. Though Mannerheim never accepted the offer, the German corps landed in Finland in April 1918.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: With the end of major combat on the Eastern Front, the Germans were able to transfer substantial forces to the west in order to mount an offensive in France in the spring of 1918.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: Women also fought on the Eastern Front. In the later stages of Russia's participation in the war, Russia began forming all-woman combat units, the Women's Battalions, in part to fight plummeting morale among male soldiers by demonstrating Russian women's willingness to fight. In Romania, Ecaterina Teodoroiu actively fought in the Romanian Army and is remembered today as a national hero.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The Russian casualties in the First World War are difficult to estimate, due to the poor quality of available statistics.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: When Russia withdrew from the war, 2,500,000 Russian POWs were in German and Austrian hands. This by far exceeded the total number of prisoners of war (1,880,000) lost by the armies of Britain, France and Germany combined. Only the Austro-Hungarian Army, with 2,200,000 POWs, came even close.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The empire of Austria lost approximately 60% of its territory as a result of the war, and evolved into a smaller state with a small homogeneous population of 6.5 million people. With the loss Vienna was now an imperial capital without an empire to support it. The states that were formed around Austria feared the return of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and put measures into place to prevent it from re-forming.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: Czechoslovakia was created through the merging of the Czech provinces of Bohemia and Moravia, previously under Austrian rule, united with Slovakia and Ruthenia, which were part of Hungary. Although these groups had many differences between them, they believed that together they would create a stronger state.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The new country was a multi-ethnic state. The population consisted of Czechs (51%), Slovaks (16%), Germans (22%), Hungarians (5%) and Rusyns (4%), with other ethnic groups making up 2%. Many of the Germans, Hungarians, Ruthenians and Poles and some Slovaks, felt oppressed because the political elite did not generally allow political autonomy for minority ethnic groups.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The state proclaimed the official ideology that there are no Czechs and Slovaks, but only one nation of Czechoslovaks (see Czechoslovakism), to the disagreement of Slovaks and other ethnic groups. Once a unified Czechoslovakia was restored after World War II the conflict between the Czechs and the Slovaks surfaced again.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: After the war Hungary was severely disrupted by the loss of 72% of its territory, 64% of its population and most of its natural resources. The loss of territory was similar to that of Austria after the breaking up the Austria-Hungary territory. They lost the territories of Transylvania, Slovakia, Croatia, Slavonia, Syrmia, and Banat.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: The state of Romania was enlarged greatly after the war. As a result of the Paris peace conference Romania kept the Dobrudja and Transylvania. Between the states of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Romania an alliance named the Little Entente was formed. They worked together on matters of foreign policy in order to prevent a Habsburg restoration.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Eastern Front (World War I)

Context: Initially Yugoslavia began as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. The State secured its territory at the Paris peace talks after the end of the war. The state suffered from many internal problems because of the many diverse cultures and languages within the state. Yugoslavia was divided on national, linguistic, economic, and religious lines.

Question: Milloin akselivaltojen eteneminen itärintamalla pysähtyi?


Council of the European Union

Context: The Council of the European Union, often referred to in the treaties and other official documents simply as the Council, and informally known as the Council of Ministers, is the third of the seven Institutions of the European Union (EU) as listed in the Treaty on European Union. It is one of two legislative bodies and together with the European Parliament serves to amend and approve or veto the proposals of the European Commission, which holds the right of initiative.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: The Council of the European Union and the European Council are the only EU institutions that are explicitly intergovernmental, that is, forums whose attendees express and represent the position of their Member State's executive, be they ambassadors, ministers or heads of state/government.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: The Council meets in 10 different configurations of national ministers (one per state). The precise membership of these configurations varies according to the topic under consideration; for example, when discussing agricultural policy the Council is formed by the national ministers whose portfolio includes this policy area (with the related European Commissioners contributing but not voting).

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: Its decisions are made by qualified majority voting in most areas, unanimity in others, or just simple majority for procedural issues. Usually where it operates unanimously, it only needs to consult the Parliament. However, in most areas the ordinary legislative procedure applies meaning both Council and Parliament share legislative and budgetary powers equally, meaning both have to agree for a proposal to pass. In a few limited areas the Council may initiate new EU law itself.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: The General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union, also known as "Council Secretariat", assists the Council of the European Union, the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, the European Council and the President of the European Council. The Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union. The Secretariat is divided into seven directorates-general, each administered by a director-general.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: The Treaty of Lisbon abolished the pillar system and gave further powers to Parliament. It also merged the Council's High Representative with the Commission's foreign policy head, with this new figure chairing the foreign affairs Council rather than the rotating presidency. The European Council was declared a separate institution from the Council, also chaired by a permanent president, and the different Council configurations were mentioned in the treaties for the first time.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: The development of the Council has been characterised by the rise in power of the Parliament, with which the Council has had to share its legislative powers. The Parliament has often provided opposition to the Council's wishes. This has in some cases led to clashes between both bodies with the Council's system of intergovernmentalism contradicting the developing parliamentary system and supranational principles.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: The Council votes in one of three ways; unanimity, simple majority, or qualified majority. In most cases, the Council votes on issues by qualified majority voting, meaning that there must be a minimum of 55% of member states agreeing (at least 15) who together represent at least 65% of the EU population. A 'blocking minority' can only be formed by at least 4 member states representing at least 35% of the EU population.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: The Council's rules of procedure contain the provisions necessary for its organisation and functioning.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: Legally speaking, the Council is a single entity (this means that technically any Council configuration can adopt decisions that fall within the remit of any other Council configuration) but it is in practice divided into several different council configurations (or ‘(con)formations’). Article 16(6) of the Treaty on European Union provides:

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: Ecofin's Eurozone component, the Euro group, is also a formal group with its own President. Its European Council counterpart is the Euro summit formalized in 2011 and the TSCG.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: Following the entry into force of a framework agreement between the EU and ESA there is a Space Council configuration—a joint and concomitant meeting of the EU Council and of the ESA Council at ministerial level dealing with the implementation of the ESP adopted by both organisations.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: The General Secretariat of the Council provides the continuous infrastructure of the Council, carrying out preparation for meetings, draft reports, translation, records, documents, agendas and assisting the presidency. The Secretary General of the Council is head of the Secretariat. The Secretariat is divided into seven directorates-general, each administered by a director-general.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: The Treaty of Lisbon mandated a change in voting system from 1 November 2014 for most cases to double majority Qualified Majority Voting, replacing the voting weights system. Decisions made by the council have to be taken by 55% of member states representing at least 65% of the EU's population.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


Council of the European Union

Context: From 2017, both the Council of the European Union and the European Council adopted the purpose built Europa building as their official headquarters, although they continue to utilise the facilities afforded by the adjacent Justus Lipsius building. The focal point of the new building, the distinctive multi-storey "lantern" shaped structure in which the main meeting room is located, is utilised in both EU institutions' new official logos.

Question: Montako edustajaa on Euroopan ministerineuvostossa?


The Hateful Eight

Context: The Hateful Eight (sometimes marketed as The H8ful Eight) is a 2015 American revisionist Western film, written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demián Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: On April 25, 2019, the film was released as a re-edited four-episode miniseries on Netflix with the subtitle "Extended Version". "The Hateful Eight" is Tarantino's final collaboration with The Weinstein Company following allegations of sexual abuse against Harvey Weinstein in October 2017.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: In 1877, bounty hunter and Civil War veteran Major Marquis Warren is heading to Red Rock, Wyoming, with three bounty corpses. His horse gives out, and faced with an incoming blizzard, Warren hitches a ride on a stagecoach driven by O.B. The other passengers are fellow bounty hunter John Ruth and outlaw Daisy Domergue, who is being escorted to Red Rock for hanging.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: Warren leaves a gun next to Sanford and provokes him by revealing that he had ambushed, tortured, humiliated, raped and murdered Chester Smithers, who had tried to claim the bounty. When the enraged man reaches for the gun, Warren kills him in revenge for ordering the slaughter of black prisoners of war at Baton Rouge.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: In November 2013, writer-director Quentin Tarantino said he was working on another Western. He initially attempted the story as a novel, a sequel to his film "Django Unchained" titled "Django in White Hell", but realized that the Django character did not fit the story. On January 12, 2014, the title was announced as "The Hateful Eight".

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: The film was inspired by the 1960s Western TV series "Bonanza," "The Virginian", and "The High Chaparral." Tarantino said:

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: Later on January 23, 2015, TWC announced an ensemble cast of supporting members, including James Parks, Dana Gourrier, Zoë Bell, Gene Jones, Keith Jefferson, Lee Horsley, Craig Stark, and Belinda Owino.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: In the earlier public reading of the first script, the role of Daisy Domergue had been read by Amber Tamblyn, and the role of Bob, a Frenchman rather than a Mexican, was read by Denis Ménochet; at the reading, the role of Jody was read by James Remar. Regarding the cast, Tarantino has said, "This is a movie where [bigger movie stars] wouldn't work. It needs to be an ensemble where nobody is more important than anybody else."

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: The soundtrack was announced on November 19, 2015, for a December 18 release from Decca Records. Ennio Morricone composed 50 minutes of original music for "The Hateful Eight". In addition to Morricone's original score, the soundtrack includes dialogue excerpts from the film, "Apple Blossom" by The White Stripes from their "De Stijl" album, "Now You're All Alone" by David Hess from "The Last House on the Left" and "There Won't Be Many Coming Home" by Roy Orbison from "The Fastest Guitar Alive".

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: Tarantino confirmed that the film would use three unused tracks from Morricone's original soundtrack for the 1982 John Carpenter film "The Thing"—"Eternity", "Bestiality", and "Despair"—as Morricone was pressed for time while creating the score. The final film also uses Morricone's "Regan's Theme" from the 1977 John Boorman film "."

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: Morricone's score won several awards, including a special award from New York Film Critics Circle. The score won a Golden Globe for Best Original Score. It also took the 2016 Academy Award for Best Motion Picture Score, Morricone's first after several career nominations.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: The acoustic song played by Leigh's character Domergue on a Martin guitar is the traditional Australian folk ballad "Jim Jones at Botany Bay", which dates from the early 19th century and was first published by Charles McAlister in 1907. The rendition in the film includes lines which were not in MacAlister's version. The film's trailer used Welshly Arms' cover of "Hold On, I'm Coming", although this is not used in the film itself.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: On December 20, 2015, screener copies of "The Hateful Eight" and numerous other Oscar contenders, including "Carol", "The Revenant", "Brooklyn", "Creed", and "Straight Outta Compton", were uploaded to many websites. The FBI linked the case to co-CEO Andrew Kosove of Alcon Entertainment. Kosove responded that he had "never seen this DVD", and that "it never touched his hands."

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: Oh April 25, 2019, the streaming service Netflix released an extended miniseries version of the film, split into four episodes.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: "The Hateful Eight" was released in the United States on Digital HD, and on Blu-ray and DVD on March 29, 2016 by Anchor Bay Entertainment.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: "The Hateful Eight" grossed $54.1 million in the United States and Canada and $102.4 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $156.5 million.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: It opened in the US with a limited release on December 25, 2015, and over the weekend, it grossed $4.9 million from 100 theaters ($46,107 per screen), finishing 10th at the box office. It had its wide release on December 30, grossing $3.5 million on its first day. The film went on to gross $15.7 million in its opening weekend, finishing third at the box office, behind "" ($90.2 million) and "Daddy's Home" ($29.2 million).

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: Richard Johnson of the "New York Post" claimed "The Hateful Eight" was a "box-office disaster, and the police officers who boycotted the movie are taking credit". However, "Forbes" rebutted this claim, writing that the film, while not as commercially successful as some of Tarantino's other films, was not a "box-office disaster", and cast doubt on claims that a boycott had a strong effect on sales.

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


The Hateful Eight

Context: Tarantino intended the violence against Domergue to be shocking and wanted the audience's allegiances to shift during the story. He said: "Violence is hanging over every one of those characters like a cloak of night. So I'm not going to go, 'OK, that's the case for seven of the characters, but because one is a woman, I have to treat her differently.' I'm not going to do that."

Question: Miten pitkä on elokuva The Hateful Eight?


Polish language

Context: The precursor to modern Polish is the Old Polish language. Ultimately, Polish descends from the unattested Proto-Slavic language. Polish was a "lingua franca" from 1500 to 1700 in Central and parts of Eastern Europe, because of the political, cultural, scientific and military influence of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: The Book of Henryków (Polish: , ), contains the earliest known sentence written in the Polish language: "Day, ut ia pobrusa, a ti poziwai" (in modern orthography: "Daj, uć ja pobrusza, a ti pocziwaj"; the corresponding sentence in modern Polish: "Daj, niech ja pomielę, a ty odpoczywaj" or "Pozwól, że ja będę mełł, a ty odpocznij"; and in English: "Come, let me grind, and you take a rest"), written around 1270.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: The medieval recorder of this phrase, the Cistercian monk Peter of the Henryków monastery, noted that "Hoc est in polonico" ("This is in Polish").

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: According to the 2011 census there are now over 500,000 people in England and Wales who consider Polish to be their "main" language. In Canada, there is a significant Polish Canadian population: There are 242,885 speakers of Polish according to the 2006 census, with a particular concentration in Toronto (91,810 speakers) and Montreal.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Polish linguistics has been characterized by a strong strive towards promoting prescriptive ideas of language intervention and usage uniformity, along with normatively-oriented notions of language "correctness" (unusual by Western standards).

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: The Polish consonant system shows more complexity: its characteristic features include the series of affricate and palatal consonants that resulted from four Proto-Slavic palatalizations and two further palatalizations that took place in Polish. The full set of consonants, together with their most common spellings, can be presented as follows (although other phonological analyses exist):

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Neutralization occurs between voiced–voiceless consonant pairs in certain environments, at the end of words (where devoicing occurs) and in certain consonant clusters (where assimilation occurs). For details, see "Voicing and devoicing" in the article on Polish phonology.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Most Polish words are paroxytones (that is, the stress falls on the second-to-last syllable of a polysyllabic word), although there are exceptions.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Unlike languages such as Czech, Polish does not have syllabic consonants – the nucleus of a syllable is always a vowel.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: The predominant stress pattern in Polish is penultimate stress – in a word of more than one syllable, the next-to-last syllable is stressed. Alternating preceding syllables carry secondary stress, e.g. in a four-syllable word, where the primary stress is on the third syllable, there will be secondary stress on the first.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Each vowel represents one syllable, although the letter "i" normally does not represent a vowel when it precedes another vowel (it represents , palatalization of the preceding consonant, or both depending on analysis). Also the letters "u" and "i" sometimes represent only semivowels when they follow another vowel, as in "autor" ('author'), mostly in loanwords (so not in native "nauka" 'science, the act of learning', for example, nor in nativized "Mateusz" 'Matthew').

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Some common word combinations are stressed as if they were a single word. This applies in particular to many combinations of preposition plus a personal pronoun, such as do niej" ('to her'), na nas" ('on us'), "przeze mnie" ('because of me'), all stressed on the bolded syllable.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Historically, Poland's once diverse and multi-ethnic population utilized many forms of scripture to write Polish. For instance, Lipka Tatars and Muslims inhabiting the eastern parts of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth wrote Polish in the Arabic alphabet. The Cyrillic script is used to a certain extent by Polish speakers in Western Belarus, especially for religious texts.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: The diacritics used in the Polish alphabet are the "kreska" (graphically similar to the acute accent) over the letters "ć, ń, ó, ś, ź" and through the letter in "ł"; the "kropka" (superior dot) over the letter "ż", and the "ogonek" ("little tail") under the letters "ą, ę". The letters "q, v, x" are used only in foreign words and names.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Polish orthography is largely phonemic—there is a consistent correspondence between letters (or digraphs and trigraphs) and phonemes (for exceptions see below). The letters of the alphabet and their normal phonemic values are listed in the following table.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Voiced consonant letters frequently come to represent voiceless sounds (as shown in the tables); this occurs at the end of words and in certain clusters, due to the neutralization mentioned in the "Phonology" section above. Occasionally also voiceless consonant letters can represent voiced sounds in clusters.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Similar principles apply to , , and , except that these can only occur before vowels, so the spellings are "k, g, (c)h, l" before "i", and "ki, gi, (c)hi, li" otherwise. Most Polish speakers, however, do not consider palatalization of "k, g, (c)h" or "l" as creating new sounds.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Except in the cases mentioned above, the letter "i" if followed by another vowel in the same word usually represents , yet a palatalization of the previous consonant is always assumed.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: The reverse case, where the consonant remains unpalatalized but is followed by a palatalized consonant, is written by using "j" instead of "i": for example, "zjeść", "to eat up".

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: The letters "ą" and "ę", when followed by plosives and affricates, represent an oral vowel followed by a nasal consonant, rather than a nasal vowel. For example, "ą" in "dąb" ("oak") is pronounced , and "ę" in "tęcza" ("rainbow") is pronounced (the nasal assimilates to the following consonant). When followed by "l" or "ł" (for example "przyjęli", "przyjęły"), "ę" is pronounced as just "e". When "ę" is at the end of the word it is often pronounced as just .

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Note that, depending on the word, the phoneme can be spelt "h" or "ch", the phoneme can be spelt "ż" or "rz", and can be spelt "u" or "ó". In several cases it determines the meaning, for example: "może" ("maybe") and "morze" ("sea").

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: In occasional words, letters that normally form a digraph are pronounced separately. For example, "rz" represents , not , in words like "zamarzać" ("freeze") and in the name "Tarzan".

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Doubled letters are usually pronounced as a single, lengthened consonant, however, some speakers might pronounce the combination as two separate sounds.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: There are certain clusters where a written consonant would not be pronounced. For example, the "ł" in the word "jabłko" ("apple") might be omitted in ordinary speech, leading to the pronunciation "japko".

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Polish is a highly fusional language with relatively free word order, although the dominant arrangement is subject–verb–object (SVO). There are no articles, and subject pronouns are often dropped.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Nouns belong to one of three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. The masculine gender is also divided into subgenders : animate vs inanimate in the singular, human vs nonhuman in the plural. There are seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative and vocative.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Yes-no questions (both direct and indirect) are formed by placing the word "czy" at the start. Negation uses the word "nie", before the verb or other item being negated; "nie" is still added before the verb even if the sentence also contains other negatives such as "nigdy" ("never") or "nic" ("nothing"), effectively creating a double negative.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Cardinal numbers have a complex system of inflection and agreement. Zero and cardinal numbers higher than five (except for those ending with the digit 2, 3 or 4 but not ending with 12, 13 or 14) govern the genitive case rather than the nominative or accusative. Special forms of numbers (collective numerals) are used with certain classes of noun, which include "dziecko" ("child") and exclusively plural nouns such as "drzwi" ("door").

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Polish has, over the centuries, borrowed a number of words from other languages. When borrowing, pronunciation was adapted to Polish phonemes and spelling was altered to match Polish orthography. In addition, word endings are liberally applied to almost any word to produce verbs, nouns, adjectives, as well as adding the appropriate endings for cases of nouns, adjectives, diminutives, double-diminutives, augmentatives, etc.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Depending on the historical period, borrowing has proceeded from various languages. Notable influences have been Latin (10th–18th centuries), Czech (10th and 14th–15th centuries), Italian (16th–17th centuries), French (17th–19th centuries), German (13–15th and 18th–20th centuries), Hungarian (15th–16th centuries) and Turkish (17th century). Currently, English words are the most common imports to Polish.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: During the 12th and 13th centuries, Mongolian words were brought to the Polish language during wars with the armies of Genghis Khan and his descendants, e.g. "dzida" (spear) and "szereg" (a line or row).

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Words from Czech, an important influence during the 10th and 14th–15th centuries include "sejm", "hańba" and "brama".

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: In 1518, the Polish king Sigismund I the Old married Bona Sforza, the niece of the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian, who introduced Italian cuisine to Poland, especially vegetables. Hence, words from Italian include "pomidor" from "pomodoro" (tomato), "kalafior" from "cavolfiore" (cauliflower), and "pomarańcza", a portmanteau from Italian "pomo" (pome) plus "arancio" (orange). A later word of Italian origin is "autostrada" (from Italian "autostrada", highway).

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: The contacts with Ottoman Turkey in the 17th century brought many new words, some of them still in use, such as: "jar" ("yar" deep valley), "szaszłyk" ("şişlik" shish kebab), "filiżanka" ("fincan" cup), "arbuz" ("karpuz" watermelon), "dywan" ("divan" carpet), etc.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: The mountain dialects of the Górale in southern Poland, have quite a number of words borrowed from Hungarian (e.g. "baca", "gazda", "juhas", "hejnał") and Romanian as a result of historical contacts with Hungarian-dominated Slovakia and Wallachian herders who travelled north along the Carpathians.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Thieves' slang includes such words as "kimać" (to sleep) or "majcher" (knife) of Greek origin, considered then unknown to the outside world.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: In addition, Turkish and Tatar have exerted influence upon the vocabulary of war, names of oriental costumes etc. Russian borrowings began to make their way into Polish from the second half of the 19th century on.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: There is a substantial number of Polish words which officially became part of Yiddish, once the main language of European Jews. These include basic items, objects or terms such as a bread bun (Polish "bułka", Yiddish בולקע "bulke"), a fishing rod ("wędka", ווענטקע "ventke"), an oak ("dąb", דעמב "demb"), a meadow ("łąka", לאָנקע "lonke"), a moustache ("wąsy", וואָנצעס "vontses") and a bladder ("pęcherz", פּענכער "penkher").

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: It is believed that the English word "spruce" was derived from "Prusy", the Polish name for the region of Prussia. It became "spruce" because in Polish, "z Prus", sounded like "spruce" in English (transl. "from Prussia") and was a generic term for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants and because the tree was believed to have come from Polish Ducal Prussia. However, it can be argued that the word is actually derived from the Old French term "Pruce", meaning literally Prussia.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Other notable writers and poets from Poland active during World War II and after are Zbigniew Herbert, Stanisław Lem, Zofia Nałkowska, Tadeusz Borowski, Sławomir Mrożek, Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, Julia Hartwig, Marek Krajewski, Joanna Bator, Andrzej Sapkowski, Adam Zagajewski, Dorota Masłowska, Jerzy Pilch, Ryszard Kapuściński and Andrzej Stasiuk.

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


Polish language

Context: Five people writing in the Polish language have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature: Henryk Sienkiewicz (1905), Władysław Reymont (1924), Czesław Miłosz (1980), Wisława Szymborska (1996) and Olga Tokarczuk (2018).

Question: Paljonko Puolan kielellä arvioidaan olevan puhujia maailmassa?


History of television

Context: Television broadcasting expanded rapidly after World War II, becoming an important mass medium for advertising, propaganda, and entertainment.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Television broadcasting may be funded by advertising revenue, by private or governmental organizations prepared to underwrite the cost, or in some countries, by television license fees paid by owners of receivers. Some services, especially carried by cable or satellite, are paid by subscriptions.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Television broadcasting is supported by continuing technical developments such as long-haul microwave networks, which allow distribution of programming over a wide geographic area. Video recording methods allow programming to be edited and replayed for later use. Three-dimensional television has been used commercially but has not received wide consumer acceptance owing to the limitations of display methods.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Facsimile transmission systems pioneered methods of mechanically scanning graphics in the early 19th century. The Scottish inventor Alexander Bain introduced the facsimile machine between 1843 and 1846. The English physicist Frederick Bakewell demonstrated a working laboratory version in 1851. The first practical facsimile system, working on telegraph lines, was developed and put into service by the Italian priest Giovanni Caselli from 1856 onward.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Willoughby Smith, an English electrical engineer, discovered the photoconductivity of the element selenium in 1873. This led, among other technologies, towards telephotography, a way to send still images through phone lines, as early as in 1895, as well as any kind of electronic image scanning devices, both still and in motion, and ultimately to TV cameras.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In 1911, Boris Rosing and his student Vladimir Zworykin created a system that used a mechanical mirror-drum scanner to transmit, in Zworykin's words, "very crude images" over wires to the "Braun tube" (cathode-ray tube or "CRT") in the receiver. Moving images were not possible because, in the scanner, "the sensitivity was not enough and the selenium cell was very laggy".

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In 1914, the demonstrations certainly garnered a lot of media interest, with "The Times" reporting on 30 May:

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The Scophony Company's success with their mechanical system in the 1930s enabled them to take their operations to the US when World War II curtailed their business in Britain.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In 1927, a team from Bell Telephone Laboratories demonstrated television transmission from Washington to New York, using a prototype flat panel plasma display to make the images visible to an audience. The monochrome display measured two feet by three feet and had 2500 pixels.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In 1928, WRGB (then W2XB) was started as the world's first television station. It broadcast from the General Electric facility in Schenectady, New York. It was popularly known as "WGY Television".

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Meanwhile, in the Soviet Union, Léon Theremin had been developing a mirror drum-based television, starting with 16-line resolution in 1925, then 32 lines and eventually 64 using interlacing in 1926. As part of his thesis on May 7, 1926, Theremin electrically transmitted and then projected near-simultaneous moving images on a five-foot square screen. By 1927 he achieved an image of 100 lines, a resolution that was not surpassed until 1931 by RCA, with 120 lines.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Despite the backing of the German electronics giant Telefunken, however, Codelli's television system never became a commercial reality. Electronic television ultimately emerged as the dominant system, and Codelli moved on to other projects. His invention was largely forgotten.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The advancement of all-electronic television (including image dissectors and other camera tubes and cathode ray tubes for the reproducer) marked the beginning of the end for mechanical systems as the dominant form of television. Mechanical TV usually only produced small images. It was the main type of TV until the 1930s. The last mechanical television broadcasts ended in 1939 at stations run by a handful of public universities in the United States.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The problem of low sensitivity to light resulting in low electrical output from transmitting or "camera" tubes would be solved with the introduction of charge-storage technology by the Hungarian engineer Kálmán Tihanyi in the beginning of 1924.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: On December 25, 1926, Kenjiro Takayanagi demonstrated a TV system with a 40-line resolution that employed a CRT display at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan. Takayanagi did not apply for a patent.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: At the Berlin Radio Show in August 1931, Manfred von Ardenne gave a public demonstration of a television system using a CRT for both transmission and reception. However, Ardenne had not developed a camera tube, using the CRT instead as a flying-spot scanner to scan slides and film. Philo Farnsworth gave the world's first public demonstration of an all-electronic television system, using a live camera, at the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia on August 25, 1934, and for ten days afterwards.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The world's first 625-line television standard was designed in the Soviet Union in 1944, and became a national standard in 1946. The first broadcast in 625-line standard occurred in 1948 in Moscow. The concept of 625 lines per frame was subsequently implemented in the European CCIR standard.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In 1936, Kálmán Tihanyi described the principle of plasma display, the first flat panel display system.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: In 1978, James P. Mitchell described, prototyped and demonstrated what was perhaps the earliest monochromatic flat panel LED display targeted at replacing the CRT.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: The basic idea of using three monochrome images to produce a color image had been experimented with almost as soon as black-and-white televisions had first been built. Older televisions have the RGB (red–blue–green) color scheme, while modern televisions use LEDs to create the image.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Mechanically scanned color television was also demonstrated by Bell Laboratories in June 1929 using three complete systems of photoelectric cells, amplifiers, glow-tubes and color filters, with a series of mirrors to superimpose the red, green and blue images into one full color image.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Mexican inventor Guillermo González Camarena also played an important role in early TV. His experiments with TV (known as telectroescopía at first) began in 1931 and led to a patent for the "trichromatic field sequential system" color television in 1940.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Early color sets were either floor-standing console models or tabletop versions nearly as bulky and heavy, so in practice they remained firmly anchored in one place. The introduction of GE's relatively compact and lightweight Porta-Color set in the spring of 1966 made watching color television a more flexible and convenient proposition. In 1972, sales of color sets finally surpassed sales of black-and-white sets.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of audio and video by digitally processed and multiplexed signal, in contrast to the totally analog and channel separated signals used by analog television. Digital TV can support more than one program in the same channel bandwidth. It is an innovative service that represents the first significant evolution in television technology since color television in the 1950s.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Digital TV's roots have been tied very closely to the availability of inexpensive, high-performance computers. It wasn't until the 1990s that digital TV became a real possibility.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Digital television transition started in the late 2000s. All the governments across the world set the deadline for analog shutdown by the 2010s. Initially the adoption rate was low. But soon, more and more households were converting to digital televisions. The transition was expected to be complete worldwide by the mid to late 2010s.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: A first patent was filed in 1994 (and extended the following year) for an "intelligent" television system, linked with data processing systems, by means of a digital or analog network. Apart from being linked to data networks, one key point is its ability to automatically download necessary software routines, according to a user's demand, and process their needs.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Major TV manufacturers have announced production of smart TVs only, for middle-end and high-end TVs in 2015.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Stereoscopic 3D television was demonstrated for the first time on August 10, 1928, by John Logie Baird in his company's premises at 133 Long Acre, London. Baird pioneered a variety of 3D television systems using electro-mechanical and cathode-ray tube techniques. The first 3D TV was produced in 1935. The advent of digital television in the 2000s greatly improved 3D TVs.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Although 3D TV sets are quite popular for watching 3D home media such as on Blu-ray discs, 3D programming has largely failed to make inroads among the public. Many 3D television channels that started in the early 2010s were shut down by the mid-2010s.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?


History of television

Context: Programming is broadcast by television stations, sometimes called "channels", as stations are licensed by their governments to broadcast only over assigned channels in the television band. At first, terrestrial broadcasting was the only way television could be widely distributed, and because bandwidth was limited, i.e., there were only a small number of channels available, government regulation was the norm.

Question: Milloin keksittiin televisio?