Pumpkin

Context: In 2020, world production of pumpkins (including squash and gourds) was 28 million tonnes, with China accounting for 27% of the total. Ukraine and Russia each produced about one million tonnes.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: As one of the most popular crops in the United States, in 2017 over of pumpkins were produced. The top pumpkin-producing states include Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and California.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: In a amount, raw pumpkin provides of food energy and is an excellent source (20% or more the Daily Value, DV) of provitamin A beta-carotene and vitamin A (53% DV) (table). Vitamin C is present in moderate content (11% DV), but no other nutrients are in significant amounts (less than 10% DV, table). Pumpkin is 92% water, 6.5% carbohydrate, 0.1% fat and 1% protein (table).

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: Pumpkins have several culinary uses. Most parts of the pumpkin are edible, including the fleshy shell, the seeds, the leaves, and the flowers. In the United States and Canada, pumpkin is a popular Halloween and Thanksgiving staple. Pumpkin purée is sometimes prepared and frozen for later use.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: When ripe, the pumpkin can be boiled, steamed, or roasted. In its native North America, pumpkins are an important part of the traditional autumn harvest, eaten mashed and making its way into soups and purées. Often, it is made into pumpkin pie, various kinds of which are a traditional staple of the Canadian and American Thanksgiving holidays. In Canada, Mexico, the United States, Europe and China, the seeds are often roasted and eaten as a snack.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: Pumpkin seeds, also known as "pepitas", are edible and nutrient-rich. They are about 1.5 cm (0.5 in) long, flat, asymmetrically oval, light green in color and usually covered by a white husk, although some pumpkin varieties produce seeds without them. Pumpkin seeds are a popular snack that can be found hulled or semi-hulled at many grocery stores. Per ounce serving, pumpkin seeds are a good source of protein, magnesium, copper and zinc.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: Pumpkin seed oil, a thick oil pressed from roasted pumpkin seeds, appears red or green in color depending on the oil layer thickness, container properties, and hue shift of the observer's vision. When used for cooking or as a salad dressing, pumpkin seed oil is generally mixed with other oils because of its robust flavor. Pumpkin seed oil contains fatty acids, such as oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: Pumpkins are commonly carved into decorative lanterns called jack-o'-lanterns for the Halloween season. Traditionally Britain and Ireland would carve lanterns from vegetables, particularly the turnip, mangelwurzel, or swede. They continue to be popular choices today as carved lanterns in Scotland and Northern Ireland, although the British purchased a million pumpkins for Halloween in 2004.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: The practice of carving pumpkins for Halloween originated from an Irish myth about a man named "Stingy Jack". The turnip has traditionally been used in Ireland and Scotland at Halloween, but immigrants to North America used the native pumpkin, which are both readily available and much larger – making them easier to carve than turnips. Not until 1837 does "jack-o'-lantern" appear as a term for a carved vegetable lantern, and the carved pumpkin lantern association with Halloween is recorded in 1866.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: In the United States, the carved pumpkin was first associated with the harvest season in general, long before it became an emblem of Halloween. In 1900, an article on Thanksgiving entertaining recommended a lit jack-o'-lantern as part of the festivities that encourage kids and families to join together to make their own jack-o'-lanterns.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: Pumpkin chunking is a competitive activity in which teams build various mechanical devices designed to throw a pumpkin as far as possible. Catapults, trebuchets, ballistas and air cannons are the most common mechanisms.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: Growers of giant pumpkins often compete to grow the most massive pumpkins. Festivals may be dedicated to the pumpkin and these competitions. In the United States, the town of Half Moon Bay, California, holds an annual Art and Pumpkin Festival, including the World Champion Pumpkin Weigh-Off.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: There is a connection in folklore and popular culture between pumpkins and the supernatural, such as:

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


Pumpkin

Context: In most folklore the carved pumpkin is meant to scare away evil spirits on All Hallows' Eve (that is, Halloween), when the dead were purported to walk the earth.

Question: ハロウィンで使うカボチャの種類はなんですか？


WorldStarHipHop

Context: The P. Diddy promotional video of Cîroc vodka premiered on WorldStar. By 2012, BET had voted WorldStarHipHop as the "top hip hop and urban culture website" for three years in a row. On August 5, 2014, "Deadline" reported that Paramount was working on a film based on the site with Russell Simmons expected to produce the film.

Question: WordStarが初めて発売されたのはいつ


WorldStarHipHop

Context: The website first became infamous for posting shock videos; however, today it focuses primarily on music. Many of the early videos of shocking events had gone viral. The site's popularity has created a sort of voyeuristic feedback loop, in which disassociated bystanders immediately videotape shocking incidents and act as if they're already watching a video on the Internet". Jeff Himmelman of "The New York Times" stated in 2013 that the website "does many things but mostly hosts videos of fights."

Question: WordStarが初めて発売されたのはいつ


WorldStarHipHop

Context: In some videos of violent fights, people chant "World Star" in recognition that the video may be posted on the website.

Question: WordStarが初めて発売されたのはいつ


WorldStarHipHop

Context: One 2012 video, showing an Elyria, Ohio (Greater Cleveland) woman, Tashay D. Edwards, beating another woman, went viral. Edwards became so well known that it trended on Twitter along with the name "WorldStarHipHop". The video received about one million views in a single day.

Question: WordStarが初めて発売されたのはいつ


WorldStarHipHop

Context: On January 23, 2017, founder and CEO Lee "Q" O'Denat died of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at the age of 43, with morbid obesity as a contributing factor.

Question: WordStarが初めて発売されたのはいつ


WorldStarHipHop

Context: Bill O'Reilly attacked WorldStarHipHop and its president after watching a video of a kid talking about his plans to kill then-president George W. Bush. O'Reilly said, "I believe the Secret Service should arrest the parents of this kid and the purveyor of the website (Q)", calling it a "crime" that this was allowed up after the video was banned on other sites.

Question: WordStarが初めて発売されたのはいつ


WorldStarHipHop

Context: Rapper 50 Cent also sued WorldStarHipHop in 2009 for using his image on their site without his permission. Cent claimed that WorldStar and O'Denat used his images on the website which led people to believe that he was one of the owners of the site. He explained that O'Denat tarnished his image by having his image up on the site without his permission. After a five-year battle, Cent finally won the case against WorldStar.

Question: WordStarが初めて発売されたのはいつ


Veilside

Context: is a Japanese aftermarket automotive company which initially sold suspension and engine tuning parts, and now sells interior as well as body parts for aerodynamic and aesthetic enhancement of the vehicle.

Question: エアロパーツ を初めて製造した会社は？


Veilside

Context: Despite being famous for its body kits, the company also provides an engine tuning service and sometimes uses their cars to compete in time attack, drag racing and drifting events such as D1 Grand Prix.

Question: エアロパーツ を初めて製造した会社は？


Veilside

Context: Their products have been featured in movies such as "The Fast and the Furious (2001), 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003), (2006), Fast & Furious (2009), Fast Five (2011)" and "Fast & Furious 6 (2013)."

Question: エアロパーツ を初めて製造した会社は？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The Lakers hold the record for NBA's longest winning streak, 33 straight games, set during the 1971–72 season. Twenty-six Hall of Famers have played for Los Angeles, while four have coached the team. Four Lakers—Abdul-Jabbar, Johnson, O'Neal, and Bryant—have won a combined eight NBA MVP awards.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The Lakers had a solid roster, which featured forward Jim Pollard, playmaker Herm Schaefer, and center George Mikan, who became the most dominant player in the NBL. In their first season, they led the league with a 43–17 record, later winning the NBL Championship that season.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The Lakers earned the top pick in the 1958 NBA draft and used it to select Elgin Baylor. Baylor, who was named NBA Rookie of the Year and co-MVP of the 1959 NBA All-Star Game, averaged 24.9 ppg and 15.0 rpg helping the Lakers improve to second in their division despite a 33–39 record. After upsetting the Hawks in six games in the division finals, they returned to the NBA Finals, but were swept by the Celtics, beginning their long rivalry.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: Los Angeles won 53 games in 1962–63, behind Baylor's 34.0 ppg and West's 27.1 ppg but lost in the NBA Finals in six games to the Celtics. After falling to 42–38 and losing in the first round of the 1964 NBA playoffs to the Hawks, the team won 49 games in 1964–65. The Lakers surged past the Baltimore Bullets in the division finals, behind West's record-setting 46.3 ppg in the series. They lost again to Celtics in the Finals however, this time in five games.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: In the 1983–84 season, Los Angeles went 54–28, and played Boston in the Finals for the first time since 1969. The Lakers won two of the first three games. However, Kevin McHale's hard clothesline foul of Lakers forward Kurt Rambis on a fast break is credited as a turning point of the series. Boston won three of the next four to win the title and send Los Angeles's record to 0–8 in Finals series against the Celtics.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: In the 1985–86 season, the Lakers started 24–3 and went on to win 62 games and their fifth straight division title. The Rockets, however, defeated the Lakers in five games in the Western Conference Finals. Houston won the series when Ralph Sampson hit a 20-foot jumper as time expired in game five at The Forum.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: In the 1988–89 season, Los Angeles won 57 games and their eighth consecutive Pacific Division crown. They swept through the playoffs defeating Portland, Seattle, and Phoenix. In an eighth trip to the NBA Finals in 10 years, they once again faced the Detroit Pistons. Hampered by injuries to Byron Scott and Johnson, the Lakers were swept by Detroit.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The 1990–91 Lakers failed to win the Pacific Division for the first time in 10 years, but still finished with a 58–24 record. After cruising through the Western Conference playoffs, the Lakers found themselves in the NBA Finals once again, their ninth trip to the Finals in 12 years. The 1991 Finals represented a changing of the guard as the Lakers were defeated in five games by the Chicago Bulls, led by superstar Michael Jordan.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: On November 7, 1991, Magic Johnson announced he had tested positive for HIV and would retire immediately.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: In their first season without Johnson, the team won 43 games to earn the eighth seed in the Western Conference playoffs. The Lakers were defeated in the first round by Portland. Following the season, head coach Mike Dunleavy was fired.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The following season, the Lakers won 11 fewer regular season games than the prior year, but swept the first three rounds of the playoffs, defeating the Portland, Sacramento, and San Antonio. They met Allen Iverson and the Philadelphia 76ers in the NBA Finals. Although the Sixers took game one in overtime, the Lakers won the next four games to win their second straight title. Their 15–1 postseason record was the best in NBA history.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The Lakers would attempt a four-peat the following year, but started the 2002–03 season 11–19. However, they finished the season 39–13 to finish 50–32. They defeated Minnesota in the first round of the playoffs, but the four-peat attempt ended as they were eliminated by San Antonio in six games in the second round.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: In the following season, the Lakers won 26 of their first 39 games, but lost 27 of their last 43—including seven in a row at one point—to finish 42–40. They were eliminated in the first round by Phoenix again. Frustrated by the team's inability to advance in the playoffs, Bryant demanded to be traded in the off-season. Buss initially agreed to seek a trade, but also worked to try to change Bryant's mind.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: In the 2008–09 season, the Lakers finished 65–17; the best record in the Western Conference. They defeated the Jazz in five games, the Rockets in seven and the Nuggets in six, to win the Western Conference title. They then won their 15th NBA championship by defeating the Orlando Magic in five games in the NBA finals. Bryant was named the NBA Finals MVP for the first time in his career.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: After much speculation, head coach Phil Jackson returned for the 2010–11 season. In the playoffs, the Lakers defeated the New Orleans Hornets in the first round. But their opportunity for a three-peat was denied by the Dallas Mavericks in a four-game sweep of the second round. After the season, it was announced that Jackson will not be returning to coach the Lakers.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: After spending the majority of the off-season without a head coach, the Lakers named former player Byron Scott as the new head coach. After the season, he was the frontrunner to become the new Lakers head coach. Scott interviewed three times for the position, which had become vacant after Mike D'Antoni's resignation. On July 28, 2014, he signed a multi-year contract to coach the Lakers.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The next season, the Lakers had the second overall pick of the 2015 NBA draft, which they used to select Ohio State freshman point guard D'Angelo Russell. The team also selected Larry Nance Jr. with the 27th overall pick. On November 30, 2015, Bryant announced he would retire at the end of the season after 20 seasons with the team. In Bryant's last season the team missed the playoffs for the third straight year with a 17–65 record, the worst in franchise history.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: On July 9, 2018, the Lakers signed LeBron James to a four-year, $154 million contract. By the Christmas Day game, the Lakers were six games over .500 before James sustained a groin injury leading to several weeks of missed games. Ball and Ingram also ended their seasons early due to injuries. On February 7, 2019, Zubac was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers along with Michael Beasley in exchange for Mike Muscala.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: On April 9, 2019, Johnson stepped down as the team's president of basketball operations, and two days later, the Lakers parted ways with head coach Walton after the team failed to reach the playoffs for the sixth straight year.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: On May 13, Frank Vogel was named the Lakers' head coach. The Lakers received the fourth overall pick in the 2019 NBA draft lottery. On July 6, the Lakers acquired Anthony Davis from the New Orleans Pelicans for Ball, Ingram, Hart, and three first-round picks, including the number four overall in the 2019 draft. This trade officially ended the young core era of the Lakers; only Kuzma remained out of the group of players.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Lakers involves the two most storied basketball franchises in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. It has been called the best rivalry in the NBA. The two teams have met a record 12 times in the NBA Finals, starting with their first Finals meeting in . They would go on to dominate the league in the 1960s and the 1980s, facing each other six times in the 1960s and three times in the 1980s.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The rivalry had been less intense since the retirements of Magic Johnson and Larry Bird in the early 1990s, but in 2008 it was renewed as the Celtics and Lakers met in the Finals for the first time since 1987, with the Celtics winning the series 4–2. They faced off once again in the 2010 NBA Finals, which the Lakers won in 7 games.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The two teams have tied for the highest number of championships, with 17 titles apiece; together, the 34 championships account for almost half of the 74 championships in NBA history.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The all-time series record for the Lakers vs Celtics is 204–162 with the Celtics being the forerunners.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The rivalry between the Lakers and the Detroit Pistons developed in the late 1980s. Both teams faced each other in back-to-back finals appearances in the 1988 NBA Finals, which the Lakers won in 7 games and the 1989 NBA Finals, which the Pistons won in 4 games.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The rivalry reemerged in the early 2000s as both teams squared off against one another in the 2004 NBA Finals, which the Pistons won in five games.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The rivalry between the Lakers and the Los Angeles Clippers is unique because they are the only two NBA teams to share an arena, the Crypto.com Arena. It is also one of only two intra-city rivalries in the NBA, the other being the new crosstown rivalry between the New York Knicks and Brooklyn Nets.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: Los Angeles fans have historically favored the Lakers. Some contend that the term "rivalry" was inaccurate until the Clippers became more successful.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: "List of the last five seasons completed by the Lakers. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Los Angeles Lakers seasons."

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The Lakers have won 17 NBA titles and have appeared in the NBA Finals 15 other times. These appearances include eight NBA Finals appearances in the 1980s. The best record posted by the team was 69–13, in 1972; the worst record was 17–65, in 2016.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: In the first seven years in Los Angeles, the team played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena, south of Downtown Los Angeles. While the team played in Minneapolis, the team played their home games at the Minneapolis Auditorium from 1947 to 1960.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The Lakers hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA. A drafted player, either an international draftee or a college draftee who is not signed by the team that drafted him, is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams. In this case, the team retains the player's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player's contract with the non-NBA team ends. This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The Lakers have 38 Hall of Famers (28 players, 5 head coaches, 1 assistant coach, and 4 contributors) who contributed to the organization.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: The Lakers have retired eleven jersey numbers and an honorary microphone in honor of their players and broadcaster:

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: In addition, several other players and coaches who were instrumental to the franchise's success during its days in Minneapolis were named Honored Minneapolis Lakers, although their numbers are not retired by the franchise:

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: For the 2011–12 season, Bill Macdonald became the new television play-by-play announcer, joining Lantz who remained as the color analyst. Meanwhile, John Ireland joined Mychal Thompson to call the games on radio.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Los Angeles Lakers

Context: On February 14, 2011, Time Warner Cable and the Lakers announced the formation of two new regional sports networks (one in English, one in Spanish) that would exclusively televise the team's games and related programming for 20 years starting with the 2012–13 season. The said networks were originally known as Time Warner Cable SportsNet, before it was renamed Spectrum SportsNet in 2016 upon Charter Communications' purchase of Time Warner Cable.

Question: ロサンゼルス・レイカーズのチームカラーは何ですか？


Jack Vance

Context: John Holbrook Vance (August 28, 1916 – May 26, 2013) was an American mystery, fantasy, and science fiction writer. Though most of his work has been published under the name Jack Vance, he also wrote several mystery novels under pen names.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: Vance won the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 1984, and he was a Guest of Honor at the 1992 World Science Fiction Convention in Orlando, Florida. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America made him its 15th Grand Master in 1997, and the Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted him in 2001, its sixth class of two deceased and two living writers.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: His most notable awards included Hugo Awards in 1963 for "The Dragon Masters", in 1967 for "The Last Castle", and in 2010 for his memoir "This Is Me, Jack Vance!"; the Nebula Award in 1966, also for "The Last Castle"; the Jupiter Award in 1975 and the World Fantasy Award in 1990 for "Lyonesse: Madouc". and the Edgar Award in 1961 for the best first mystery novel for "The Man in the Cage".

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: Vance's great-grandfather is believed to have arrived in California from Michigan a decade before the Gold Rush and married a San Francisco woman. Early family records were apparently destroyed in the fire following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Vance’s maternal grandfather, L. M. (Ludwig Mathias) Hoefler, was a successful lawyer in San Francisco.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: He subsequently entered the University of California, Berkeley, and over the next six years studied mining engineering, physics, journalism, and English. Vance wrote one of his first science fiction stories for an English class assignment: his professor commented in a scornful tone, "We also have a piece of science fiction"—Vance's first negative review.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: He worked as an electrician in the naval shipyards at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, being paid "56¢ an hour," and worked for a time as part of a degaussing crew. The attack on Pearl Harbor took place about a month after he resigned his employment there.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: From his youth, Vance had been fascinated by Dixieland and traditional jazz. He was an amateur of the cornet and ukulele, often accompanying himself with a kazoo, and was a competent harmonica player. His first published writings were jazz reviews for "The Daily Californian" (his college paper), and music is an element in many of his works.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: In 1946, Vance met and married Norma Genevieve Ingold (died March 25, 2008), another Cal student. Vance continued to live in Oakland, in a house he built and extended with his family over the years, including a hand-carved wooden ceiling from Kashmir. The Vances had extensive travels, including one around-the-world voyage, and often spent several months at a time living in places like Ireland, Tahiti, South Africa, Positano (in Italy) and on a houseboat on Lake Nagin in Kashmir.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: Science fiction authors Frank Herbert and Poul Anderson were among Vance's closest friends. In the early 1950s, when Frank Herbert was a reporter, he interviewed Vance, and the men became friends. They moved to Mexico with their families to establish a "writer’s colony" at Lake Chapala, near Guadalajara.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: In 1962, Vance, Frank Herbert and Poul Anderson jointly built a houseboat which they sailed in the Sacramento Delta. The Vances and the Herberts lived together near Lake Chapala, Mexico, for a while. Vance's interest in houseboats led him to depict them in “The Moon Moth” (1961), "The Palace of Love" (1967), and in chapter 2 of "Wyst: Alastor 1716" (1978).

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: In the early 1980s, Vance became increasingly interested in sailing, and he started building a 36 foot trimaran. Later, he owned "Venture" (a 17 foot cutter-rigged boat), "Columbia" (a 35 foot ketch-rigged boat), and finally "Hinano" (a 45 foot boat). While Vance derived pleasure from his sailing hobby, his increasingly poor eyesight and the high costs of outfitting, berthing, and maintaining the vessel led him to sell the "Hinano". Vance's failing eyesight also led him to cease his amateur jazz hobby.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: Although legally blind since the 1980s, Vance continued to write with the aid of BigEd software, written especially for him by Kim Kokkonen. His final novel was "Lurulu". Although Vance had stated "Lurulu" would be his final book, he subsequently completed an autobiography, which was published in July 2009.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: Vance influenced many writers in the genre. Most notably, Michael Shea wrote a sequel to "Eyes of the Overworld", featuring Cugel the Clever, before Vance did one himself (called "Cugel's Saga"). Vance gave permission, and the book by Shea went into print before Vance's. Shea's book, "A Quest For Simbilis", is entirely in keeping with the vision of Vance. Cugel is a complete rogue, who is nevertheless worthy of sympathy in always failing to achieve his goals.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: Vance was an original member of the Swordsmen and Sorcerers' Guild of America (SAGA), a loose-knit group of heroic fantasy authors founded in the 1960s and led by Lin Carter. Its purpose was to promote the sword and sorcery subgenre (such as Dying Earth stories by Vance), and some new works were published in "Flashing Swords!" anthologies edited by Carter, in both mass-market paperback and Doubleday Science Fiction Book Club editions.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: An Integral Edition of all Vance's works was published in a limited edition of 44 hardback volumes. A special 45th volume contains the three novels Vance wrote as Ellery Queen. This edition was created from 1999 to 2006 by 300 volunteers working via the internet, under the aegis of the author. The texts and titles used are those preferred by the author.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: In 2012, Spatterlight Press started offering DRM-free e-books editions of many of the works of Jack Vance, based on the source texts collected by the Integral Edition project. It is the intent of Spatterlight Press to publish the complete Integral Edition in e-book form, and also as print-on-demand paperbacks. Gollancz use the VIE texts in their "SF Gateway" e-ditions starting in 2012.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: Other changes appear to be editorial decisions, such as the spelling of "goodbye" without the "e", also not found in the earlier texts. In volume two, the second book in the four-part "Tschai, Planet of Adventure" series, "Servants of the Wankh" is re-titled "The Wannek" (conforming to the two-word new titles of the other books), and the name changed throughout, due to the resemblance of the original name with 'wank' a British slang for masturbation.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: "I agree," said Detteras, "provided that I may return another time, under more relaxing circumstances."

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: "One further condition," said Gersen. "A third of the funds in escrow were deposited by Attel Malagate. I suggest that they be transferred to Miss Atwrode's account, as some measure of compensation for the wrongs done to her at Malagate's orders."

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: Neither Kelle nor Detteras made objection. Pallis protested half-heartedly, then acquiesced, and presently became very cheerful.

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Jack Vance

Context: While in volume one of the Integral Edition on page 69, first column, the passage is shortened to the following

Question: ジャック・ヴァンスのデビュー作は何？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: The Second Battle of Winchester was fought between June 13 and June 15, 1863 in Frederick County and Winchester, Virginia as part of the Gettysburg Campaign during the American Civil War. As Confederate Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell moved north through the Shenandoah Valley in the direction of Pennsylvania, his corps defeated the Union Army garrison commanded by Major General Robert H. Milroy, capturing Winchester and numerous Union prisoners.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: After the Battle of Brandy Station on June 9, 1863, Confederate General Robert E. Lee ordered Ewell's 19,000-man Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, to clear the lower Shenandoah Valley of Union opposition so that Lee's army could proceed on its invasion of Pennsylvania, shielded by the Blue Ridge Mountains from Union interference.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Union General-in-chief Henry Wager Halleck expressed great concerns about the Middle Department's defensive strategy for its primary objective of protecting the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad corridor. Brig. Gen. Benjamin Franklin Kelley, commander of the "railroad division" (Department of Harper's Ferry), had been advised that his plan along with Maj. Gen. Milroy's and Maj. Gen. Robert C. Schenck's (Commander of the Middle Department) was unsound:

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Maj. Gen. Robert H. Milroy's force of 6,900 consisted of three infantry brigades, under Brig. Gen. Washington L. Elliot and Cols. Andrew T. McReynolds and William G. Ely, and two small outposts northwest of town under Col. Joseph W. Keifer.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Ewell's movements were coordinated as part of an overall orchestration of the Army of Northern Virginia into position for crossing the Potomac River toward Pennsylvania by using the Blue Ridge Mountains as a screen. This strategic offensive maneuver was put into effect on 3 June, when Gen. Robert E. Lee stated his intent to "transfer the scene of hostilities beyond the Potomac", by moving in a concealed fashion down the Shenandoah Valley.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Longstreet's First Corps (via Snickers Gap) and Hill's Third Corps (via Ashby's Gap) paralleled the movements of Second Corps to the east through Berryville, Virginia, and Stuart's Cavalry Division was under orders for careful synchronization and screening for Lee's Army by conducting demonstrations and screening actions along the ANV's right flank east of the Blue Ridge.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: By the end of the day on 12 June, Rodes' Division was north of Front Royal, encamped at Stone Bridge, while Johnson's Division arrived at Cedarville, and Early's Division was encamped near the Shenandoah River.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: During the battle, Milroy concentrated his forces on the ridges west of town in his three highest and most improved forts connected by trenches. The larger forts were named:

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: The lesser fortifications initially used, but abandoned by Milroy during the course of the battle were:

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Ewell and his generals were well acquainted with the tactical situation in Winchester, having fought through here under Lt. Gen. Jackson during the First Battle of Winchester, and understood the layout of the various fortifications and terrain masking opportunities on the west side of town. Therefore, Ewell further split his main attack force of two divisions into two basic flanking movements:

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Ewell ordered Early's Division to cross west via Ninevah to Newtown and move north on the Valley Pike. Arriving at the outskirts of Kernstown light infantry and artillery engagements commenced around noon. Late in the afternoon, around 4 p.m., Early pushed back Federal skirmishers at the Valley Pike toll-gate and after minor engagements, the Federal forces retreated north of Abrams Creek.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Both Union and Confederate Official Record reports on casualties are practically identical. Ewell reported:

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Thus, while Ewell reports 4,000 captured, the VIII Corps reports 144 Officers and 3856 Enlisted men missing or captured, which also adds to 4,000. Captain Palmer summarized the Union losses at a total of 4,443 for 1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades from the 2nd Division, VIII Corps including all independent attachments.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Johnson's Division, alone, captured 3,500 prisoners in the action at Stephenson's Depot, and this is not surprising, since this is the only major engagement of the war in which an entire Division column was attacked at night while route-marching on a road. General Johnson claimed to have taken 30 prisoners "with his opera glass!" as well as "11 stands of colors, 175 horses, and arms and accoutrements of every description".

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: The casualty ratio in this engagement of two divisions against one was an amazing 269 to 4,443 or 0.06 ... the most lopsided for an engagement of this size in the entire war. It's no wonder that Confederate artillerist Maj. Robert Stiles wrote, "This battle of Winchester ... was one of the most perfect pieces of work the Army of Northern Virginia ever did."

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Following this battle, a Court of Inquiry was held, and both President Abraham Lincoln and Halleck desired to know who disobeyed the orders to "evacuate Winchester". President Abraham Lincoln wrote to Milroy:

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: The nature of the inquiry was later changed from investigating who disobeyed orders to evacuate Winchester, to the discovery of the events and nature of the retreat from Winchester. Milroy was exonerated and claimed that his brilliant defensive action at Winchester was instrumental in causing the timing of the Battle of Gettysburg, leading to the overall Union victory for the campaign. Despite this, Halleck insisted that Milroy not be given any more commands.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: Jubal Early's leadership in this battle was superb. Later, Lee had the utmost confidence in Early, ultimately giving him not just the Confederate Second Corps, but a new Valley District army to try again, in 1864, the distracting demonstration invasion of the United States that Lee had always dreamed of. Early succeeded, where Lee failed twice at Sharpsburg and Gettysburg, and shelled Fort Stevens in Washington, D.C.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Second Battle of Winchester

Context: During the Second Battle of Winchester, two Union enlisted men and one officer received the Medal of Honor for their actions.

Question: 第二次ウィンチェスターの戦いによる死者数は何人？


Honey

Context: Honey gets its sweetness from the monosaccharides fructose and glucose, and has about the same relative sweetness as sucrose (table sugar). of honey provides around of food energy. It has attractive chemical properties for baking and a distinctive flavor when used as a sweetener. Most microorganisms do not grow in honey, so sealed honey does not spoil, even after thousands of years.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Honey use and production have a long and varied history as an ancient activity. Several cave paintings in Cuevas de la Araña in Spain depict humans foraging for honey at least 8,000 years ago. Large-scale meliponiculture has been practiced by the Mayans since pre-Columbian times.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Honey is produced by bees collecting nectar and honeydew for use as sugars consumed to support metabolism of muscle activity during foraging or to be stored as a long-term food supply. During foraging, bees use part of the nectar collected to support metabolic activity of flight muscles, with the majority of collected nectar destined for regurgitation, digestion, and storage as honey. In cold weather or when other food sources are scarce, adult and larval bees use stored honey as food.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: By contriving for honey bee swarms to nest in human-made hives, people have been able to semidomesticate the insects and harvest excess honey. In the hive or in a wild nest, the three types of bees are:

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Some wasp species, such as "Brachygastra lecheguana" and "Brachygastra mellifica" found in South and Central America, are known to feed on nectar and produce honey.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Some wasps, such as "Polistes versicolor", consume honey, alternating between feeding on pollen in the middle of their lifecycles and feeding on honey, which can better provide for their energy needs.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Honey is collected from wild bee colonies or from domesticated beehives. On average, a hive will produce about of honey per year. Wild bee nests are sometimes located by following a honeyguide bird.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: To safely collect honey from a hive, beekeepers typically pacify the bees using a bee smoker. The smoke triggers a feeding instinct (an attempt to save the resources of the hive from a possible fire), making them less aggressive, and obscures the pheromones the bees use to communicate. The honeycomb is removed from the hive and the honey may be extracted from it either by crushing or by using a honey extractor. The honey is then usually filtered to remove beeswax and other debris.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: The long shelf life of honey is attributed to an enzyme found in the stomach of bees. The bees mix glucose oxidase with expelled nectar they previously consumed, creating two byproducts – gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, which are partially responsible for honey acidity and suppression of bacterial growth.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: According to the Codex Alimentarius of the United Nations, any product labeled as "honey" or "pure honey" must be a wholly natural product, although labeling laws differ between countries. In the United States, according to the National Honey Board (NHB; supervised by the United States Department of Agriculture), "honey stipulates a pure product that does not allow for the addition of any other substance... this includes, but is not limited to, water or other sweeteners".

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: In 2020, global production of honey was 1.8million tonnes, led by China with 26% of the world total (table). Other major producers were Turkey, Iran, Argentina, and Ukraine.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Over its history as a food, the main uses of honey are in cooking, baking, desserts, as a spread on bread, as an addition to various beverages such as tea, and as a sweetener in some commercial beverages.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Due to its energy density, honey is an important food for virtually all hunter-gatherer cultures in warm climates, with the Hadza people ranking honey as their favorite food. Honey hunters in Africa have a mutualistic relationship with certain species of Honeyguide birds.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Possibly the world's oldest fermented beverage, dating from 9,000 years ago, mead ("honey wine") is the alcoholic product made by adding yeast to honey-water must and fermenting it for weeks or months. The yeast "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" is commonly used in modern mead production.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Mead varieties include drinks called metheglin (with spices or herbs), melomel (with fruit juices, such as grape, specifically called pyment), hippocras (with cinnamon), and sack mead (high concentration of honey), many of which have been developed as commercial products numbering in the hundreds in the United States. Honey is also used to make mead beer, called "braggot".

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Honey is a supercooled liquid when stored below its melting point, as is normal. At very low temperatures, honey does not freeze solid; rather its viscosity increases. Like most viscous liquids, the honey becomes thick and sluggish with decreasing temperature. At , honey may appear or even feel solid, but it continues to flow at very low rates. Honey has a glass transition between . Below this temperature, honey enters a glassy state and becomes an amorphous solid (noncrystalline).

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Most types of honey are Newtonian liquids, but a few types have non-Newtonian viscous properties. Honeys from heather or manuka display thixotropic properties. These types of honey enter a gel-like state when motionless, but liquefy when stirred.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Because honey contains electrolytes, in the form of acids and minerals, it exhibits varying degrees of electrical conductivity. Measurements of the electrical conductivity are used to determine the quality of honey in terms of ash content.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Fermentation of honey usually occurs after crystallization, because without the glucose, the liquid portion of the honey primarily consists of a concentrated mixture of fructose, acids, and water, providing the yeast with enough of an increase in the water percentage for growth. Honey that is to be stored at room temperature for long periods of time is often pasteurized, to kill any yeast, by heating it above .

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: The average pH of honey is 3.9, but can range from 3.4 to 6.1. Honey contains many kinds of acids, both organic and amino. However, the different types and their amounts vary considerably, depending on the type of honey. These acids may be aromatic or aliphatic (nonaromatic). The aliphatic acids contribute greatly to the flavor of honey by interacting with the flavors of other ingredients.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Organic acids comprise most of the acids in honey, accounting for 0.17–1.17% of the mixture, with gluconic acid formed by the actions of glucose oxidase as the most prevalent. Minor amounts of other organic acids are present, consisting of formic, acetic, butyric, citric, lactic, malic, pyroglutamic, propionic, valeric, capronic, palmitic, and succinic, among many others.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Honey is classified by its floral source, and divisions are made according to the packaging and processing used. Regional honeys are also identified. In the US, honey is also graded on its color and optical density by USDA standards, graded on the Pfund scale, which ranges from 0 for "water white" honey to more than 114 for "dark amber" honey.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Generally, honey is classified by the floral source of the nectar from which it was made. Honeys can be from specific types of flower nectars or can be blended after collection. The pollen in honey is traceable to floral source and therefore region of origin. The rheological and melissopalynological properties of honey can be used to identify the major plant nectar source used in its production.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Most commercially available honey is a blend of two or more honeys differing in floral source, color, flavor, density, or geographic origin.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Polyfloral honey, also known as wildflower honey, is derived from the nectar of many types of flowers. The taste may vary from year to year, and the aroma and the flavor can be more or less intense, depending on which flowers are blooming.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: The production of honeydew honey has some complications and dangers. This honey has a much larger proportion of indigestibles than light floral honeys, thus causing dysentery to the bees, resulting in the death of colonies in areas with cold winters. Good beekeeping management requires the removal of honeydew prior to winter in colder areas. Bees collecting this resource also have to be fed protein supplements, as honeydew lacks the protein-rich pollen accompaniment gathered from flowers.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Generally, honey is bottled in its familiar liquid form, but it is sold in other forms, and can be subjected to a variety of processing methods.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: In the US, honey grading is performed voluntarily based upon USDA standards. USDA offers inspection and grading "as on-line (in-plant) or lot inspection...upon application, on a fee-for-service basis." Honey is graded based upon a number of factors, including water content, flavor and aroma, absence of defects, and clarity. Honey is also classified by color, though it is not a factor in the grading scale.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: India certifies honey grades based on additional factors, such as the Fiehe's test, and other empirical measurements.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: High-quality honey can be distinguished by fragrance, taste, and consistency. Ripe, freshly collected, high-quality honey at should flow from a knife in a straight stream, without breaking into separate drops. After falling down, the honey should form a bead. The honey, when poured, should form small, temporary layers that disappear fairly quickly, indicating high viscosity. If not, it indicates honey with excessive water content of over 20%, not suitable for long-term preservation.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: A 2008 Italian study determined that nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to distinguish between different honey types, and can be used to pinpoint the area where it was produced. Researchers were able to identify differences in acacia and polyfloral honeys by the differing proportions of fructose and sucrose, as well as differing levels of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. This ability allows greater ease of selecting compatible stocks.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: One hundred grams of honey provides about of energy with no significant amounts of essential nutrients. Composed of 17% water and 82% carbohydrates, honey has low content of fat, dietary fiber, and protein.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: A mixture of sugars and other carbohydrates, honey is mainly fructose (about 38%) and glucose (about 32%), with remaining sugars including maltose, sucrose, and other complex carbohydrates. Its glycemic index ranges from 31 to 78, depending on the variety. The specific composition, color, aroma, and flavor of any batch of honey depend on the flowers foraged by bees that produced the honey.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: One 1980 study found that mixed floral honey from several United States regions typically contains the following:

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: A 2013 NMR spectroscopy study of 20 different honeys from Germany found that their sugar contents comprised:

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: The average ratio was 56% fructose to 44% glucose, but the ratios in the individual honeys ranged from a high of 64% fructose and 36% glucose (one type of flower honey; table 3 in reference) to a low of 50% fructose and 50% glucose (a different floral source). This NMR method was not able to quantify maltose, galactose, and the other minor sugars as compared to fructose and glucose.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: For chronic and acute coughs, a Cochrane review found no strong evidence for or against the use of honey. For treating children, the systematic review concluded with moderate to low evidence that honey helps more than no treatment, diphenhydramine, and placebo at giving relief from coughing. Honey does not appear to work better than dextromethorphan at relieving coughing in children. Other reviews have also supported the use of honey for treating children.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: The use of honey has been recommended as a temporary intervention for known or suspected button cell battery ingestions to reduce the risk and severity of injury to the esophagus caused by the battery prior to its removal.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: There is no evidence that honey is beneficial for treating cancer, although honey may be useful for controlling side effects of radiation therapy or chemotherapy used to treat cancer.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Consumption is sometimes advocated as a treatment for seasonal allergies due to pollen, but scientific evidence to support the claim is inconclusive. Honey is generally considered ineffective for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Although the majority of calories in honey is from fructose, honey does not cause increased weight gain and fructose by itself is not an independent factor for weight gain.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Honey has a mild laxative effect which has been noted as being helpful in alleviating constipation and bloating.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: People who have a weakened immune system may be at risk of bacterial or fungal infection from eating honey.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Infants can develop botulism after consuming honey contaminated with "Clostridium botulinum" endospores.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Infantile botulism shows geographical variation. In the UK, only six cases were reported between 1976 and 2006, yet the US has much higher rates: 1.9 per 100,000 live births, 47.2% of which are in California. While the risk honey poses to infant health is small, taking the risk is not recommended until after one year of age, and then giving honey is considered safe.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: In myths and folk medicine, honey was used both orally and topically to treat various ailments including gastric disturbances, ulcers, skin wounds, and skin burns by ancient Greeks and Egyptians, and in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: The first written records of beekeeping are from ancient Egypt, where honey was used to sweeten cakes, biscuits, and other foods and as a base for unguents in Egyptian hieroglyphs. The dead were often buried in or with honey in Egypt, Mesopotamia and other regions. Bees were kept at temples to produce honey for temple offerings, mummification and other uses.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: Biblical references include the description of Israel as the "land of milk and honey". The Book of Proverbs says, "Eat honey, my son, for it is good" (Prov. 24:13), but also, "It is not good to eat much honey" (Prov. 25:27). Early Christians used honey as a symbol of spiritual perfection in christening ceremonies. St. John the Baptist was said to have sustained himself on a diet of honey and locusts.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: In ancient Greek religion, the food of Zeus and the twelve Gods of Olympus was honey in the form of nectar and ambrosia.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: In Hinduism, honey ("Madhu") is one of the five elixirs of life ("Panchamrita"). In temples, honey is poured over the deities in a ritual called "Madhu abhisheka". The "Vedas" and other ancient literature mention the use of honey as a great medicinal and health food.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: In Jewish tradition, honey is a symbol for the new year, "Rosh Hashanah". At the traditional meal for that holiday, apple slices are dipped in honey and eaten to bring a sweet new year. Some "Rosh Hashanah" greetings show honey and an apple, symbolizing the feast. In some congregations, small straws of honey are given out to usher in the new year.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: In Buddhism, honey plays an important role in the festival of "Madhu Purnima", celebrated in India and Bangladesh. The day commemorates Buddha's making peace among his disciples by retreating into the wilderness. According to legend, while he was there a monkey brought him honey to eat. On "Madhu Purnima", Buddhists remember this act by giving honey to monks. The monkey's gift is frequently depicted in Buddhist art.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: The Christian New Testament says that John the Baptist lived for a long of time in the wilderness on a diet of locusts and honey.

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Honey

Context: In Islam, an entire chapter (Surah) in the Quran is called "an-Nahl" (the Bees). According to his teachings ("hadith"), Muhammad strongly recommended honey for healing purposes.The Quran promotes honey as a nutritious and healthy food, saying:

Question: ミツバチははちみつをどのように作りますか？


Cambodian Rocks

Context: In the years before the Khmer Rouge came to power in 1975, Cambodia had a flourishing music scene. Particularly in Phnom Penh, artists were combining traditional and native styles with those from the West.

Question: 『カンボジアン・ロックス』が発売されたのはいつ


Cambodian Rocks

Context: While a tourist in Cambodia in 1994, American Paul Wheeler became interested in music he had been hearing around Siem Reap. He purchased "about six tapes" of music from a market vendor and assembled a mixtape of his favorite tracks. His friend at the Parallel World label in New York City, upon hearing the mixtape, agreed to release 1,000 copies on vinyl. When they sold out, the label issued the much more widely known CD version, containing 22 songs instead of the original 13.

Question: 『カンボジアン・ロックス』が発売されたのはいつ


Cambodian Rocks

Context: The cover art since the first release has been a charcoal rubbing taken from one of the bas reliefs in the Angkor Wat temple.

Question: 『カンボジアン・ロックス』が発売されたのはいつ


Cambodian Rocks

Context: Several of the artists on "Cambodian Rocks" had been quite successful before the Khmer Rouge, while others achieved fame posthumously.

Question: 『カンボジアン・ロックス』が発売されたのはいつ


Cambodian Rocks

Context: "Cambodian Rocks" was the first release of its kind, followed by a number of similar compilations like "Cambodian Cassette Archives" and other unrelated titles by the same or similar names, inspired by the original or exploiting its weak standing with regard to intellectual property. It also gave rise, in part, to a broader trend of Western interest in obscure psychedelic and progressive rock from the rest of the world.

Question: 『カンボジアン・ロックス』が発売されたのはいつ


Cambodian Rocks

Context: The California band Dengue Fever, known for its Khmer rock performances, has recorded a number of covers of tracks from "Cambodian Rocks". Like Paul Wheeler, Dengue Fever founding member Ethan Holtzman discovered the 1960s–70s music while traveling in Cambodia and formed the band upon his return to California. The band's singer is Cambodian emigrant Chhom Nimol, who lived in a refugee camp in Thailand during the Khmer Rouge.

Question: 『カンボジアン・ロックス』が発売されたのはいつ


Cambodian Rocks

Context: Filmmaker John Pirozzi received a copy of the album while in Cambodia filming "City of Ghosts" and began researching the stories of the artists. Eventually, he tracked down material to create "Don't Think I've Forgotten", a 2015 documentary about pre-Khmer Rouge Cambodian music which takes its name from a Sinn Sisamouth song.

Question: 『カンボジアン・ロックス』が発売されたのはいつ


Cambodian Rocks

Context: "Cambodian Rocks" includes 22 songs. Although the album provides no track information, fans and researchers have identified the artists and song names. The table below includes both the original romanized Khmer titles and English translations.

Question: 『カンボジアン・ロックス』が発売されたのはいつ


Midland Terminal Railway

Context: The Midland Terminal Railway was a short line terminal railroad running from the Colorado Midland Railway near Divide to Cripple Creek, Colorado. The railroad made its last run in February 1949.

Question: ミッドランド鉄道の創始者は誰？


Midland Terminal Railway

Context: Some of the old buildings at the Midland Terminal headquarters in Colorado Springs are in use today, notably the old roundhouse, which was purchased by Van Briggle Pottery in 1955, and the machine shop, which is now the Ghost Town Museum. U.S. Route 24 follows the former railroad's route over Ute Pass.

Question: ミッドランド鉄道の創始者は誰？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (; 13 February 1805 – 5 May 1859) was a German mathematician who made deep contributions to number theory (including creating the field of analytic number theory), and to the theory of Fourier series and other topics in mathematical analysis; he is credited with being one of the first mathematicians to give the modern formal definition of a function.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: Although his surname is Lejeune Dirichlet, he is commonly referred to as just Dirichlet, in particular for results named after him.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: After Dirichlet's move to Berlin, Humboldt introduced him to the great salons held by the banker Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy and his family. Their house was a weekly gathering point for Berlin artists and scientists, including Abraham's children Felix and Fanny Mendelssohn, both outstanding musicians, and the painter Wilhelm Hensel (Fanny's husband). Dirichlet showed great interest in Abraham's daughter Rebecka, whom he married in 1832.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: My older brother and sister stole my reputation as an artist. In any other family I would have been highly regarded as a musician and perhaps been leader of a group. Next to Felix and Fanny, I could not aspire to any recognition.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: In 1832 she married Dirichlet, who was introduced to the Mendelssohn family by Alexander von Humboldt. In 1833 their first son, Walter, was born. She died in Göttingen in 1858.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: In 1849 Dirichlet participated, together with his friend Jacobi, in the jubilee of Gauss's doctorate.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: In the summer of 1858, during a trip to Montreux, Dirichlet suffered a heart attack. On 5 May 1859, he died in Göttingen, several months after the death of his wife Rebecka. Dirichlet's brain is preserved in the department of physiology at the University of Göttingen, along with the brain of Gauss. The Academy in Berlin honored him with a formal memorial speech presented by Kummer in 1860, and later ordered the publication of his collected works edited by Kronecker and Lazarus Fuchs.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: In a couple of papers in 1838 and 1839, he proved the first class number formula, for quadratic forms (later refined by his student Kronecker). The formula, which Jacobi called a result "touching the utmost of human acumen", opened the way for similar results regarding more general number fields. Based on his research of the structure of the unit group of quadratic fields, he proved the Dirichlet unit theorem, a fundamental result in algebraic number theory.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: He first used the pigeonhole principle, a basic counting argument, in the proof of a theorem in diophantine approximation, later named after him Dirichlet's approximation theorem. He published important contributions to Fermat's Last Theorem, for which he proved the cases and , and to the biquadratic reciprocity law. The Dirichlet divisor problem, for which he found the first results, is still an unsolved problem in number theory despite later contributions by other mathematicians.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: Dirichlet also worked in mathematical physics, lecturing and publishing research in potential theory (including the Dirichlet problem and Dirichlet principle mentioned above), the theory of heat and hydrodynamics. He improved on Lagrange's work on conservative systems by showing that the condition for equilibrium is that the potential energy is minimal.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: Dirichlet also lectured on probability theory and least squares, introducing some original methods and results, in particular for limit theorems and an improvement of Laplace's method of approximation related to the central limit theorem. The Dirichlet distribution and the Dirichlet process, based on the Dirichlet integral, are named after him.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Context: In 1855 Dirichlet was awarded the civil class medal of the Pour le Mérite order at von Humboldt's recommendation. The Dirichlet crater on the Moon and the 11665 Dirichlet asteroid are named after him.

Question: ペーター・グスタフ・ディリクレはどこの大学に所属した？


Delaware

Context: It came probably from a Norman lieu-dit "La Guerre". This toponymic could derive from Latin "ager", from the Breton "gwern" or from the Late Latin "varectum" (fallow). The toponyms Gara, Gare, Gaire (the sound [ä] often mutated in [æ]) also appear in old texts cited by Lucien Musset, where the word "ga(i)ra" means gore. It could also be linked with a patronymic from the Old Norse "verr".

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Delaware

Context: Although attempts to abolish slavery failed by narrow margins in the legislature, in practical terms the state had mostly ended the practice. By the 1860 census on the verge of the Civil War, 91.7% of the black population were free; 1,798 were slaves, as compared to 19,829 "free colored persons".

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Delaware

Context: After the Civil War, Democratic governments led by the state's Bourbon aristocracy continued to dominate the state and imposed an explicitly white supremacist regime in the state. The Democratic legislatures declared blacks second-class citizens in 1866 and restricted their voting rights despite the Fifteenth Amendment, ensuring continued Democratic success throughout most of the nineteenth century.

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Delaware

Context: However, integration only encouraged more white flight, and poor economic conditions for the black population led to some violence during the 1960s. Riots broke out in Wilmington in 1967 and again in 1968 in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr after which the National Guard occupied the city for nine months to prevent further violence.

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Delaware

Context: Wilmington is the state's most populous city (70,635) and its economic hub. It is located within commuting distance of both Philadelphia and Baltimore. Dover is the state capital and the second most populous city (38,079).

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Delaware

Context: The table below lists the ten largest municipalities in the state based on the 2018 United States census estimate.

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Delaware

Context: "Note: Births in table do not add up because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number."

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Delaware

Context: In the early 1920s, Pierre S. du Pont served as president of the state board of education. At the time, state law prohibited money raised from white taxpayers from being used to support the state's schools for black children. Appalled by the condition of the black schools, du Pont donated four million dollars to construct 86 new school buildings.

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Delaware

Context: It has been noted that the tar and chip composition of secondary roads in Sussex County makes them more prone to deterioration than are the asphalt roadways in almost the rest of the state. Among these roads, Sussex (county road) 236 is among the most problematic.

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Delaware

Context: Dover Air Force Base, one of the largest in the country, is home to the 436th Airlift Wing and the 512th Airlift Wing. In addition to its other responsibilities in the Air Mobility Command, it serves as the entry point and mortuary for U.S. military personnel (and some civilians) who die overseas.

Question: アメリカ合衆国1番目の州はどこ？


Kerosene

Context: Kerosene is a low-viscosity, clear liquid formed from hydrocarbons obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum between , resulting in a mixture with a density of composed of carbon chains that typically contain between 6 and 16 carbon atoms per molecule. It is miscible in petroleum solvents but immiscible in water.

Question: ポータブルストーブの主な動力源は？


Kerosene

Context: Although "coal oil" was well known by industrial chemists at least as early as the 1700s as a byproduct of making coal gas and coal tar, it burned with a smoky flame that prevented its use for indoor illumination. In cities, much indoor illumination was provided by piped-in coal gas, but outside the cities, and for spot lighting within the cities, the lucrative market for fueling indoor lamps was supplied by whale oil, specifically that from sperm whales, which burned brighter and cleaner.

Question: ポータブルストーブの主な動力源は？


Kerosene

Context: In the United Kingdom, manufacturing oil from coal (or oil shale) continued into the early 20th century, although increasingly overshadowed by petroleum oils.

Question: ポータブルストーブの主な動力源は？


Kerosene

Context: In the initial phase of liftoff, the Saturn V launch vehicle was powered by the reaction of liquid oxygen with RP-1. For the five 6.4 meganewton sea-level thrust F-1 rocket engines of the Saturn V, burning together, the reaction generated roughly 1.62 × 1011 watts (J/s) (162 gigawatt) or 217 million horsepower.

Question: ポータブルストーブの主な動力源は？


Kerosene

Context: Kerosene is sometimes used as an additive in diesel fuel to prevent gelling or waxing in cold temperatures.

Question: ポータブルストーブの主な動力源は？


Kerosene

Context: Kerosene is used as a diluent in the PUREX extraction process, but it is increasingly being supplanted by dodecane.

Question: ポータブルストーブの主な動力源は？


Kerosene

Context: Kerosene can be used as an adhesive remover on hard-to-remove mucilage or adhesive left by stickers on a glass surface (such as in show windows of stores).

Question: ポータブルストーブの主な動力源は？


Kerosene

Context: It can also be used to thin oil-based paint used in fine art. Some artists even use it to clean their brushes; however, it leaves the bristles greasy to the touch.

Question: ポータブルストーブの主な動力源は？


Kerosene

Context: It has seen use for water tank mosquito control in Australia, where a temporary thin floating layer above the water protects it until the defective tank is repaired.

Question: ポータブルストーブの主な動力源は？


Listeria

Context: Listeriosis is a serious disease for humans; the overt form of the disease has a case-fatality rate of around 20%. The two main clinical manifestations are sepsis and meningitis. Meningitis is often complicated by encephalitis, when it is known as meningoencephalitis, a pathology that is unusual for bacterial infections. "L. ivanovii" is a pathogen of mammals, specifically ruminants, and has rarely caused listeriosis in humans. The incubation period can vary from three to 70 days.

Question: リステリア・モノサイトゲネスを発見したのは誰？


Listeria

Context: "Listeria" uses the cellular machinery to move around inside the host cell. It induces directed polymerization of actin by the ActA transmembrane protein, thus pushing the bacterial cell around.

Question: リステリア・モノサイトゲネスを発見したのは誰？


Listeria

Context: The majority of "Listeria" bacteria are attacked by the immune system before they are able to cause infection. Those that escape the immune system's initial response, however, spread through intracellular mechanisms, which protects them from circulating immune factors (AMI).

Question: リステリア・モノサイトゲネスを発見したのは誰？


Listeria

Context: Preventing listeriosis as a foodborne illness requires effective sanitation of food contact surfaces. Ethanol is an effective topical sanitizer against "Listeria". Quaternary ammonium can be used in conjunction with alcohol as a food-contact safe sanitizer with increased duration of the sanitizing action.

Question: リステリア・モノサイトゲネスを発見したのは誰？


Listeria

Context: Keeping foods in the home refrigerated below 4 °C (39 °F) discourages bacterial growth. Unpasteurized dairy products may pose a risk. Cooking all meats (including beef, pork, poultry, and seafood) to a safe internal temperature, typically 73 °C (165 °F), will kill the food-borne pathogen.

Question: リステリア・モノサイトゲネスを発見したのは誰？


Listeria

Context: In non-invasive listeriosis, the bacteria often remain within the digestive tract, causing mild symptoms lasting only a few days and requiring only supportive care. Muscle pain and fever in mild cases can be treated with over-the-counter pain relievers, and diarrhea and gastroenteritis can be treated with over-the-counter medications if needed.

Question: リステリア・モノサイトゲネスを発見したのは誰？


Listeria

Context: Asymptomatic patients who have been exposed to "Listeria" are not recommended for treatment, but are informed of the signs and symptoms of the disease and told to return for medical care if symptoms present.

Question: リステリア・モノサイトゲネスを発見したのは誰？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: "Discovery" became the third operational orbiter to enter service, preceded by "Columbia" and "Challenger". It embarked on its final mission, STS-133, on February 24, 2011, and touched down for the last time at Kennedy Space Center on March 9, having spent a cumulative total of nearly a full year in space. "Discovery" performed both research and International Space Station (ISS) assembly missions, and also carried the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit.

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: "Discovery" was the first operational shuttle to be retired, followed by "Endeavour" and then "Atlantis". The shuttle is now on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: Had plans to launch United States Department of Defense payloads from Vandenberg Air Force Base gone ahead, "Discovery" would have become the dedicated US Air Force shuttle. Its first West Coast mission, STS-62-A, was scheduled for 1986, but canceled in the aftermath of the "Challenger disaster".

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: "Discovery" was retired after completing its final mission, STS-133 on March 9, 2011. The spacecraft is now on display in Virginia at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, an annex of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum.

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: "Discovery" weighed roughly less than "Columbia" when it was brought into service due to optimizations determined during the construction and testing of "Enterprise", "Columbia" and "Challenger". "Discovery" weighs heavier than "Atlantis" and heavier than "Endeavour".

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: Part of the "Discovery" weight optimizations included the greater use of quilted AFRSI blankets rather than the white LRSI tiles on the fuselage, and the use of graphite epoxy instead of aluminum for the payload bay doors and some of the wing spars and beams.

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: Upon its delivery to the Kennedy Space Center in 1983, "Discovery" was modified alongside "Challenger" to accommodate the liquid-fueled Centaur-G booster, which had been planned for use beginning in 1986 but was cancelled in the wake of the "Challenger" disaster.

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: After STS-105, "Discovery" became the first of the orbiter fleet to undergo Orbiter Major Modification (OMM) period at the Kennedy Space Center. Work began in September 2002 to prepare the vehicle for Return to Flight. The work included scheduled upgrades and additional safety modifications.

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: The Flow Director was responsible for the overall preparation of the shuttle for launch and processing it after landing, and remained permanently assigned to head the spacecraft's ground crew while the astronaut flight crews changed for every mission. Each shuttle's Flow Director was supported by a Vehicle Manager for the same spacecraft. Space Shuttle "Discovery"'s Flow Directors were:

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: "Destiny in Space", a 1994 IMAX documentary film written by Toni Myers, directed by Ben Burtt, and narrated by Leonard Nimoy, showcases the daily lives of astronauts in space, particularly on the STS-42 Space Shuttle "Discovery" Spacelab mission.

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: In the 2011 film "", Space Shuttle Discovery is featured in which the ship is seen attached to the Autobot ship the Xantium. Discovery is destroyed during ascent when the Decepticon Starscream opens fire at the ship.

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Space Shuttle Discovery

Context: In 2021, The Lego Group announced a set, 10283, that is a 1/70 scale model of the Space Shuttle "Discovery".

Question: アメリカ合衆国の宇宙船スペースシャトル「コロンビア号」は何日間宇宙に滞在した？


Computer programming

Context: Code-breaking algorithms have also existed for centuries. In the 9th century, the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi described a cryptographic algorithm for deciphering encrypted code, in "A Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages". He gave the first description of cryptanalysis by frequency analysis, the earliest code-breaking algorithm.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: High-level languages made the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable, and less bound to the underlying hardware.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: The first compiler related tool, the A-0 System, was developed in 1952 by Grace Hopper, who also coined the term 'compiler'. FORTRAN, the first widely used high-level language to have a functional implementation, came out in 1957, and many other languages were soon developed—in particular, COBOL aimed at commercial data processing, and Lisp for computer research.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: These compiled languages allow the programmer to write programs in terms that are syntactically richer, and more capable of abstracting the code, making it easy to target for varying machine instruction sets via compilation declarations and heuristics. Compilers harnessed the power of computers to make programming easier by allowing programmers to specify calculations by entering a formula using infix notation.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Programs were mostly entered using punched cards or paper tape. By the late 1960s, data storage devices and computer terminals became inexpensive enough that programs could be created by typing directly into the computers. Text editors were also developed that allowed changes and corrections to be made much more easily than with punched cards.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Whatever the approach to development may be, the final program must satisfy some fundamental properties. The following properties are among the most important:

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: In computer programming, readability refers to the ease with which a human reader can comprehend the purpose, control flow, and operation of source code. It affects the aspects of quality above, including portability, usability and most importantly maintainability.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Readability is important because programmers spend the majority of their time reading, trying to understand, reusing and modifying existing source code, rather than writing new source code. Unreadable code often leads to bugs, inefficiencies, and duplicated code. A study found that a few simple readability transformations made code shorter and drastically reduced the time to understand it.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Following a consistent programming style often helps readability. However, readability is more than just programming style. Many factors, having little or nothing to do with the ability of the computer to efficiently compile and execute the code, contribute to readability. Some of these factors include:

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: The presentation aspects of this (such as indents, line breaks, color highlighting, and so on) are often handled by the source code editor, but the content aspects reflect the programmer's talent and skills.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Various visual programming languages have also been developed with the intent to resolve readability concerns by adopting non-traditional approaches to code structure and display. Integrated development environments (I.D.Es) aim to integrate all such help. Techniques like Code refactoring can enhance readability.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: "Programming a Computer for Playing Chess" was a 1950 paper that evaluated a "minimax" algorithm that is part of the history of algorithmic complexity; a course on IBM's Deep Blue (chess computer) is part of the computer science curriculum at Stanford University.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Popular modeling techniques include Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) and Model-Driven Architecture (MDA). The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a notation used for both the OOAD and MDA.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Implementation techniques include imperative languages (object-oriented or procedural), functional languages, and logic languages.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: It is very difficult to determine what are the most popular modern programming languages. Methods of measuring programming language popularity include: counting the number of job advertisements that mention the language, the number of books sold and courses teaching the language (this overestimates the importance of newer languages), and estimates of the number of existing lines of code written in the language (this underestimates the number of users of business languages such as COBOL).

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Debugging is often done with IDEs. Standalone debuggers like GDB are also used, and these often provide less of a visual environment, usually using a command line. Some text editors such as Emacs allow GDB to be invoked through them, to provide a visual environment.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Programming languages are essential for software development. They are the building blocks for all software, from the simplest applications to the most sophisticated ones.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: The details look different in different languages, but a few basic instructions appear in just about every language:

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: *Conditional Execution: Check for certain conditions and execute the appropriate sequence of statements.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Many computer languages provide a mechanism to call functions provided by shared libraries. Provided the functions in a library follow the appropriate run-time conventions (e.g., method of passing arguments), then these functions may be written in any other language.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Computer programming

Context: Although programming has been presented in the media as a somewhat mathematical subject, some research shows that good programmers have strong skills in natural human languages, and that learning to code is similar to learning a foreign language.

Question: コンピュータプログラミングにおける先駆者は誰？


Operation Babylift

Context: Flights continued until artillery attacks by North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong military units on Tan Son Nhut Airport rendered airplane flights impossible.

Question: 赤ちゃん一時避難プロジェクトはいつ終了した？


Operation Babylift

Context: Over 2,500 children were relocated and adopted by families in the United States and by its allies. The operation was controversial because there was question about whether the evacuation was in the children's best interest, and because not all the children were orphans.

Question: 赤ちゃん一時避難プロジェクトはいつ終了した？


Operation Babylift

Context: When American businessman Robert Macauley learned that it would take more than a week to evacuate the surviving orphans due to the lack of military transport planes, he chartered a Boeing 747 from World Airways and arranged for 300 orphaned children to leave the country, paying for the trip by mortgaging his house.

Question: 赤ちゃん一時避難プロジェクトはいつ終了した？


Operation Babylift

Context: Frederick M. "Skip" Burkle Jr. served as the medical director of Operation Babylift. He gathered the orphans in Saigon, accompanied them to Clark AB (Air Base) in the Philippines, and continued to care for them on the Boeing 747 across the Pacific Ocean to Los Angeles and then Long Beach Naval Support Activity.

Question: 赤ちゃん一時避難プロジェクトはいつ終了した？


Operation Babylift

Context: The Vietnamese adoptee-run nonprofit, Operation Reunite, is using DNA testing to match adoptees with their Vietnamese families.

Question: 赤ちゃん一時避難プロジェクトはいつ終了した？


Japanese currency

Context: Japanese currency has a history covering the period from the 8th century AD to the present. After the traditional usage of rice as a currency medium, Japan adopted currency systems and designs from China before developing a separate system of its own.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: This contrasted somewhat with countries like China, where one of the most important items of commodity money came from the southern seas: shells. Since then however, the shell has become a symbol for money in many Chinese and Japanese ideograms.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: The "Wadōkaichin" soon became debased, as the government rapidly issued coins with progressively lesser metallic content, and local imitations thrived. In 760, a reform was put in place, in which a new copper coin called ' (萬年通寳) was worth 10 times the value of the former "Wadōkaichin", with also a new silver coin named ' (大平元寶) with a value of 10 copper coins, as well as a new gold coin named "" (開基勝寶) with a value of 10 silver coins.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Silver minting was soon abandoned however, but copper minting took place throughout the Nara period. A variety of coin types are known, altogether 12 types, including one coin type in gold.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: The "Kōchōsen" Japanese system of coinage became strongly debased, with its metallic content and value decreasing. By the middle of the 9th century, the value of a coin in rice had fallen to 1/150th of its value of the early 8th century.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: By the end of the 10th century, compounded with weaknesses in the political system, this led to the abandonment of the national currency, with the return to rice as a currency medium. The last official Japanese coin issue was in 958, with very low quality coins called "" (乹元大寶), which soon fell into disuse.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: From the 12th century, the expansion of trade and barter again highlighted the need for a currency. Chinese coinage came to be used as the standard currency of Japan, for a period lasting from the 12th to the 17th century. Coins were obtained from China through trade or through "Wakō" piracy. Coins were also imported from Annam (modern Vietnam) and Korea.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: There is evidence to suggest that the Yuan dynasty used to extensively export Chinese cash coins to Japan for local circulation. The Sinan shipwreck, which was a ship from Ningbo to Hakata that sank off the Korean coast in the year 1323, carried some 8,000 strings of cash coins, which weighed about 26,775 kg.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: As the Chinese coins were not in sufficient number as trade and economy expanded, local Japanese imitations of Chinese coins were made from the 14th century, especially imitations of Ming coins, with inscribed names identical to those of contemporary Chinese coins. These coins had a very low value compared to Chinese coins, and several of them had to be exchanged for just one Chinese coin. This situation continued until the beginning of the Edo period, when a new system was put in place.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Hideyoshi unified Japan, and thus centralized most of the minting of large denomination silver and gold coins, effectively putting in place the basis of a unified currency system. Hideyoshi developed the large Ōban plate, also called the Tenshō Ōban (天正大判), in 1588, a predecessor to Tokugawa gold coinage.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: A common practice in that period was to melt gold into copper molds for convenience, derived from the sycee manufacturing method. These were called Bundōkin (分銅金), of which there were two types, the small Kobundō (小分銅), and the large Ōbundō (大分銅). A Kobundō would represent about 373g in gold.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Tokugawa coinage was a unitary and independent metallic monetary system established by "shōgun" Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1601 in Japan, and which lasted throughout the Tokugawa period until its end in 1867.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: From 1601, Tokugawa coinage consisted of gold, silver, and bronze denominations. The denominations were fixed, but the rates actually fluctuated on the exchange market. Tokugawa started by minting Keicho gold and silver coins, and Chinese copper coins were later replaced by Kan'ei Tsuho coins in 1670.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: The material for the coinage came from gold and silver mines across Japan. For this purpose, new gold mines were opened, such as the Sado and Toi gold mines in the Izu Peninsula. Regarding diamond coins, the "Kan'ei Tsūhō" coin (寛永通宝) came to replace the Chinese coins that had been in circulation in Japan, as well as those that were privately minted, and became the legal tender for small denominations.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Tokugawa coinage remained in use during the Sakoku period of seclusion, although it was progressively debased to try to manage government deficits. The first debasement, in 1695, was called the Genroku Recoinage.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Meanwhile, local governments issued their own currency chaotically, so that the nation's money supply expanded by 2.5 times between 1859 and 1869, leading to crumbling money values and soaring prices. The system was replaced by a new one after the conclusion of the Boshin War, and with the onset of the Meiji government in 1868.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Following 1868, a new currency system based on the Japanese yen was progressively established along Western lines, which has remained Japan's currency system to this day.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Immediately after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, previous gold, silver and copper coins, as well as feudal notes, continued to circulate, leading to great confusion. In 1868, the government also issued coins and gold-convertible paper money, called "" (太政官札), denominated in "Ryō", an old unit from the Edo period, and private banks called "Kawase Kaisha" were allowed to issue their own currency as well. Complexity, widespread counterfeiting of gold coins and feudal notes led to widespread confusion.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Through the New Currency Act of 1871, Japan adopted the gold standard along international lines, with 1 yen corresponding to 1.5g of pure gold. The Meiji government issued new notes, called "Meiji Tsūhōsatsu" (明治通宝札), in 1872, which were printed in Germany.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Silver coins were also issued for trade with Asian countries who favoured silver as a currency, thus establishing a de facto gold-silver standard.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Severe inflation broke out with the Seinan Civil War in 1877. This was controlled by the reduction of government spending and the removal of paper currency from circulation. During the Seinan Civil War, an original type of paper money was issued by the rebel leader Saigō Takamori in order to finance his war effort.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: In order to regularize the issuance of convertible banknotes, a central bank, the Bank of Japan, was established in 1882. The bank would stabilize the currency by centralizing the issuance of convertible banknotes. The first central banknotes were issued by the Bank of Japan in 1885. They were called Daikokusatsu (大黒札), and were convertible in silver.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Following the devaluation of silver, and the abandonment of silver as a currency standard by Western powers, Japan adopted the gold standard through the Coinage Law of 1897. The yen was fixed at 0.75g of pure gold, and banknotes were issued which were convertible into gold. In 1899, the National Banks banknotes were declared invalid, leaving the Bank of Japan as the only supplier of currency.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: During World War I, Japan prohibited the export of gold in 1917, as did many countries such as the United States. Gold convertibility was again shortly established in January 1930, only to be abandoned in 1931 when Great Britain abandoned the gold standard. Conversion of banknotes into gold was suspended.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: From 1941, Japan formally adopted a managed currency system, and in 1942 the Bank of Japan Law officially suppressed the obligation of conversion.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: In 1946, following the Second World War, Japan removed the old currency (旧円券) and introduced the "New Yen" (新円券). Meanwhile, American occupation forces used a parallel system, called B yen, from 1945 to 1958.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


Japanese currency

Context: Since then, together with the economic expansion of Japan, the yen has become one of the major currencies of the world.

Question: 硬貨が日本で使われ始めたのはいつから


James Joyce

Context: Joyce's father was appointed rate collector by Dublin Corporation in 1887. The family then moved to the fashionable small town of Bray, from Dublin. Joyce was attacked by a dog around this time, leading to his lifelong fear of dogs. He later developed a fear of thunderstorms, which he acquired through a superstitious aunt who had described them as a sign of God's wrath.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: In the same year, Joyce's family began to slide into poverty, worsened by his father's drinking and financial mismanagement. John Joyce's name was published in "Stubbs' Gazette", a blacklist of debtors and bankrupts, in November 1891, and he was temporarily suspended from work. In January 1893, he was dismissed with a reduced pension.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: a laudatory review of Henrik Ibsen's "When We Dead Awaken"—was printed in "The Fortnightly Review" in 1900. Inspired by Ibsen's works, Joyce sent him a fan letter in Norwegian and wrote a play, "A Brilliant Career", which he later destroyed.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: In September 1904, Joyce was having difficulties finding a place to live and moved into a Martello tower near Dublin, which Gogarty was renting.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: Within a week, Joyce left when Gogarty and another roommate, Dermot Chenevix Trench, fired a pistol in the middle of the night at some pans hanging directly over Joyce's bed. With the help of funds from Lady Gregory and a few other acquaintances, Joyce and Nora left Ireland less than a month later.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: In October 1904, Joyce and Nora went into self-imposed exile. They briefly stopped in London and Paris to secure funds before heading on to Zürich.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: When 23 year-old Joyce first moved to Trieste in March 1905, he immediately started teaching English at the Berlitz school. By June, Joyce felt financially secure enough to have his satirical poem "Holy Office" printed and asked Stanislaus to distribute copies to his former associates in Dublin.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: After Nora gave birth to their first child, Giorgio, on 27 July 1905, Joyce convinced Stanislaus to move to Trieste and got a position for him at the Berlitz school. Stanislaus moved in with Joyce as soon as he arrived in October, and most of his salary went directly to supporting Joyce's family. In February 1906, the Joyce household once more shared an apartment with the Francini Brunis.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: In late May 1906, the head of the Berlitz school ran away after embezzling its funds. Artifoni took over the school but let Joyce know that he could only afford to keep one brother on. Tired of Trieste and discouraged that he could not get a publisher for "Dubliners", Joyce found an advertisement for a correspondence clerk in a Roman bank that paid twice his current salary. He was hired for the position, and went to Rome at the end of July.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: Trieste's Università Popolare. In May, Joyce was struck by an attack of rheumatic fever, which left him incapacitated for weeks. The illness exacerbated eye problems that plagued him for the rest of his life. While Joyce was still recovering from the attack, Lucia was born on 26 July 1907. During his convalescence, he was able to finish "The Dead", the last story of "Dubliners".

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: In August 1914, World War I broke out. Although Joyce and Stanislaus were subjects of the United Kingdom, which was now at war with Austria-Hungary, they remained in Trieste. Even when Stanislaus, who had publicly expressed his sympathy for the Triestine irredentists, was interned at the beginning of January 1915, Joyce chose to stay. In May 1915, Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary, and less than a month later Joyce took his family to Zürich in neutral Switzerland.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？


James Joyce

Context: Joyce arrived in Zürich as a double exile: he was an Irishman with a British passport and a Triestine on parole from Austria-Hungary. To get to Switzerland, he had to promise the Austro-Hungarian officials that he would not help the Allies during the war, and he and his family had to leave almost all of their possessions in Trieste. During the war, he was kept under surveillance by both the English and Austro-Hungarian secret service.

Question: ジェイムズ・ジョイスのデビュー作は何？