Caesium

Context: It is highly pyrophoric: the autoignition temperature of caesium is , and it ignites explosively in air to form caesium hydroxide and various oxides. Caesium hydroxide is a very strong base, and will rapidly corrode glass.

Question: セシウムは地殻で何番目に多く存在する？


London

Context: Over the years, the name has attracted many mythically based explanations. The earliest attested appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's , written around 1136.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: Modern scientific analyses of the name must account for the origins of the different forms found in early sources: Latin (usually ), Old English (usually ), and Welsh (usually ), with reference to the known developments over time of sounds in those different languages. It is agreed that the name came into these languages from Common Brythonic; recent work tends to reconstruct the lost Celtic form of the name as or something similar. This was adapted into Latin as and borrowed into Old English.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: In 1993, remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the south foreshore upstream from Vauxhall Bridge. This either crossed the Thames or reached a now-lost island in it. Two of the timbers were radiocarbon dated to 1750–1285 BCE.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: In 2010, foundations of a large timber structure, dated to 4800–4500 BCE, were found on the Thames's south foreshore downstream from Vauxhall Bridge. The function of the mesolithic structure is unclear. Both structures are on the south bank of the Thames, where the now-underground River Effra flows into the Thames.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: In 1974 a decade of work began on the construction of the Thames Barrier across the Thames at Woolwich to deal with this threat. While the barrier is expected to function as designed until roughly 2070, concepts for its future enlargement or redesign are already being discussed.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: Part of the varied architectural heritage are the 17th-century churches by Wren, neoclassical financial institutions such as the Royal Exchange and the Bank of England, to the early 20th century Old Bailey and the 1960s Barbican Estate.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: According to the 2011 Census, the largest religious groupings were Christians (48.4%), followed by those of no religion (20.7%), Muslims (12.4%), no response (8.5%), Hindus (5.0%), Jews (1.8%), Sikhs (1.5%), Buddhists (1.0%) and other (0.6%).

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: Important national and royal ceremonies are shared between St Paul's and Westminster Abbey. The Abbey is not to be confused with nearby Westminster Cathedral, which is the largest Roman Catholic cathedral in England and Wales. Despite the prevalence of Anglican churches, observance is low within the denomination. Church attendance continues a long, steady decline, according to Church of England statistics.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: The gas and electricity distribution networks that manage and operate the towers, cables and pressure systems that deliver energy to consumers across the city are managed by National Grid plc, SGN and UK Power Networks.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: Over four million journeys are made every day on the Underground network, over 1 billion each year. An investment programme is attempting to reduce congestion and improve reliability, including £6.5 billion (€7.7 billion) spent before the 2012 Summer Olympics. The Docklands Light Railway (DLR), which opened in 1987, is a second, more local metro system using smaller and lighter tram-type vehicles that serve the Docklands, Greenwich and Lewisham.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: Close to Hyde Park are smaller Royal Parks, Green Park and St. James's Park. A number of large parks lie outside the city centre, including Hampstead Heath and the remaining Royal Parks of Greenwich Park to the southeast and Bushy Park and Richmond Park (the largest) to the southwest, Hampton Court Park is also a royal park, but, because it contains a palace, it is administered by the Historic Royal Palaces, unlike the eight Royal Parks.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: Epping Forest is a popular venue for various outdoor activities, including mountain biking, walking, horse riding, golf, angling, and orienteering.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


London

Context: From 1924, the original Wembley Stadium was the home of the English national football team. It hosted the 1966 FIFA World Cup Final, with England defeating West Germany, and served as the venue for the FA Cup Final as well as rugby league's Challenge Cup final. The new Wembley Stadium serves exactly the same purposes and has a capacity of 90,000.

Question: イングランドで最大の都市は何


History of Ivory Coast

Context: The dense rain forest covering the southern half of the country created barriers to large-scale political organizations as seen further north. Inhabitants lived in villages or clusters of villages whose contacts with the outside world were filtered through long-distance traders. Villagers subsisted on agriculture and hunting.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: Five important states flourished in Ivory Coast in the pre-European era. The Muslim Kong Empire was established by the Juula in the early eighteenth century in the north-central region inhabited by the Sénoufo, who had fled Islamization under the Mali Empire. Although Kong became a prosperous center of agriculture, trade, and crafts, ethnic diversity and religious discord gradually weakened the kingdom. The city of Kong was destroyed in 1895 by Samori Touré.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: Côte d'Ivoire officially became a French colony on 10 March 1893. Binger, who had explored the Gold Coast frontier, was named the first governor. He negotiated boundary treaties with Liberia and the United Kingdom (for the Gold Coast) and later started the campaign against Samori Ture, a Malinké chief, who fought against the French until 1898.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: As early as 1944, Charles de Gaulle proposed to change France's politics and take "the road of a new era." in 1946, the French Empire was converted into the French Union which was itself superseded by the French Community in 1958.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: In December of that year, Ivory Coast became an autonomous republic within the French Community as a result of a referendum on 7 August that brought community status to all members of the old Federation of French West Africa except Guinea, which had voted against association. On 11 July 1960 France agreed to Ivory Coast becoming fully independent. Ivory Coast became independent on 7 August 1960, and permitted its community membership to lapse. It established the commercial city Abidjan as its capital.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: In May 1959, Houphouët-Boigny reinforced his position as a dominant figure in West Africa by leading Ivory Coast, Niger, Upper Volta (Burkina Faso), and Dahomey (Benin) into the Council of the Entente, a regional organization promoting economic development. He maintained that the road to African solidarity was through step-by-step economic and political cooperation, recognizing the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of other African states.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: Houphouët-Boigny was considerably more conservative than most African leaders of the post-colonial period, maintaining close ties to the west and rejecting the leftist and anti-western stance of many leaders at the time. This contributed to the country's economic and political stability.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: The first multiparty presidential elections were held in October 1990 and Houphouët-Boigny won convincingly.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: Houphouët-Boigny died on 7 December 1993, and was succeeded by his deputy Henri Konan Bédié who was the President of the Parliament.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: He was overthrown on 24 December 1999 by General Robert Guéï, a former army commander sacked by Bédié. This was the first "coup d'état" in the history of Ivory Coast. An economic downturn followed, and the junta promised to return the country to democratic rule in 2000.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: Guéï allowed elections to be held the following year, but when these were won by Laurent Gbagbo he at first refused to accept his defeat. But street protests forced him to step down, and Gbagbo became president on 26 October 2000.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: A disarmament was supposed to take place on 15 October 2004, but was a failure. Ivory Coast is now divided between the rebel leader Guillaume Soro and president Laurent Gbagbo who has blocked the diplomatic advances made in Marcoussis and Accra—of the laws related to political reforms promised by Gbagbo in Accra, only two out of ten have been voted on so far. The rebel side has not held its promises either, which results in a state of quasi–civil war.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: The debt of the country has now risen, civil unrest is occurring daily, and political life has turned into personal struggles for interests. To answer these problems, the concept of "ivoirité" was born, a racist term which aims mainly at denying political and economic rights to the Northern immigrants.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: New laws about eligibility, nationality and property are due to be adopted to address this issue, but if they are delayed, inscription of electors will be impossible before the next elections. This might lead to a dangerous situation where the government would stick to power, which the rebellion would likely not accept.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: Tensions between Ivory Coast and France increased on 6 November 2004, after Ivorian air strikes killed 9 French peacekeepers and an aid worker. In response, French forces attacked the airport at Yamoussoukro, destroying all airplanes in the Ivorian Air Force. Violent protests erupted in both Abidjan and Yamoussoukro, and were marked by violence between Ivorians and French peacekeepers. Thousands of foreigners, especially French nationals, evacuated the two cities.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: Most of the fighting ended by late 2004, with the country split between a rebel-held north and a government-held south. In March 2007 the two sides signed an agreement to hold fresh elections, though they ended up being delayed until 2010, five years after Gbagbo's term of office was supposed to have expired.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: International organizations reported numerous instances of human rights violations by both sides, in particular in the city of Duékoué. The UN and French forces took military action, with the stated objective to protect their forces and civilians. Ouattara's forces arrested Gbagbo at his residence on 11 April 2011.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


History of Ivory Coast

Context: Alassane Ouattara has ruled the country since 2010 when he unseated his predecessor Laurent Gbagbo. President Ouattara was re-elected in 2015 presidential election. In November 2020, he won third term in office in elections boycotted by the opposition. His opponents argued it was illegal for President Ouattara to run for a third term. Ivory Coast’s Constitutional Council formally ratified President Alassane Ouattara’s re-election to a third term in November 2020.

Question: コートジボワールの独立運動における先駆者は誰？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: The Associated Press has relinquished its copyright to the photograph, placing it in the public domain.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: Iwo Jima is a volcanic island, shaped like a trapezoid. From the air, it looks like a "lopsided, black porkchop". The island was heavily fortified, and the invading Marines suffered high casualties. Politically, the island is part of the prefecture of Tokyo. It would be the first Japanese homeland soil to be captured by the Americans, and it was a matter of honor for the Japanese to prevent its capture.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: The Coast Guard Historian's Office recognizes the claims made by former U.S. Coast Guardsman Quartermaster Robert Resnick, who served aboard the at Iwo Jima. "Before he died in November 2004, Resnick said Gagnon came aboard LST-758 the morning of February 23 looking for a flag. Resnick said he grabbed a flag from a bunting box and asked permission from his ship's commanding officer Lt. Felix Molenda to donate it. Resnick kept quiet about his participation until 2001."

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: Rosenthal put his Speed Graphic camera on the ground (set to 1/400 sec shutter speed, with the f-stop between 8 and 11 and Agfa film) so he could pile rocks to stand on for a better vantage point. In doing so, he nearly missed the shot. The Marines began raising the flag. Realizing he was about to miss the action, Rosenthal quickly swung his camera up and snapped the photograph without using the viewfinder. Ten years after the flag-raising, Rosenthal wrote:

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: After being honorably discharged, Schultz moved to California and made his career with the United States Postal Service. He died in 1995.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: Upon seeing the finished model, the Marine Corps commandant had de Weldon assigned to the Marine Corps until de Weldon was discharged from the Navy after the war was over.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: Starting in 1951, de Weldon was commissioned to design a memorial to the Marine Corps. It took de Weldon and hundreds of his assistants three years to finish it. Hayes, Gagnon, and Bradley, posed for de Weldon, who used their faces as a model. The three Marine flag raisers who did not survive the battle were sculpted from photographs.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: The original Rosenthal photograph is currently in the possession of Roy H. Williams, who bought it from the estate of John Faber, the official historian for the National Press Photographers Association, who had received it from Rosenthal. Both flags (from the first and second flag-raisings) are now located in the National Museum of the Marine Corps in Quantico, Virginia.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: Ira Hayes, following the war, was plagued with depression brought on by survivor guilt and became an alcoholic. His tragic life, and death in 1955 at the age of 32, were memorialized in the 1961 motion picture "The Outsider", starring Tony Curtis as Hayes, and the folk song "The Ballad of Ira Hayes", written by Peter LaFarge and recorded by Johnny Cash in 1964. Bob Dylan later covered the song, as did Kinky Friedman. According to the song, after the war:

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: Rene Gagnon, his wife, and his son visited Tokyo and Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima during the 20th anniversary of the battle of Iwo Jima in 1965. After the war, he worked at Delta Air Lines as a ticket agent, opened his own travel agency, and was a maintenance director of an apartment complex in Manchester, New Hampshire. He died while at work in 1979, age 54.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: Rosenthal's photograph has been reproduced in a number of other formats. It appeared on 3.5 million posters for the seventh war bond drive. It has also been reproduced with many unconventional media such as Lego bricks, butter, ice, Etch A Sketch and corn mazes.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: The Iwo Jima flag-raising has been depicted in other films , including 1949's "Sands of Iwo Jima" (in which the three surviving flag raisers make a cameo appearance at the end of the film) and 1961's "The Outsider", a biography of Ira Hayes starring Tony Curtis.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Context: In 2021, following the US withdrawal from Afghanistan, the Taliban re-created the scene with their own forces and flag.

Question: ジョー・ローゼンタールは戦闘に参加した？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: For some time before Subhas Bose had been in touch with C. R. Das, a lawyer who had risen to the helm of politics in Bengal; Das encouraged Subhas to return to Calcutta. With the ICS decision now firmly behind him, Subhas Bose took his Cambridge B.A. Final examinations half-heartedly, passing, but being placed in the Third Class. He prepared to sail for India in June 1921, electing for a fellow Indian student to pick up his diploma.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: A little later, Bose was again arrested and jailed for civil disobedience; this time he emerged to become Mayor of Calcutta in 1930.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: On 22 June 1939 Bose organised the All India Forward Bloc a faction within the Indian National Congress, aimed at consolidating the political left, but its main strength was in his home state, Bengal. U Muthuramalingam Thevar, who was a staunch supporter of Bose from the beginning, joined the Forward Bloc. When Bose visited Madurai on 6 September, Thevar organised a massive rally as his reception.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: When Subhas Chandra Bose was heading to Madurai, on an invitation of Muthuramalinga Thevar to amass support for the Forward Bloc, he passed through Madras and spent three days at Gandhi Peak.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: His correspondence reveals that despite his clear dislike for British subjugation, he was deeply impressed by their methodical and systematic approach and their steadfastly disciplinarian outlook towards life. In England, he exchanged ideas on the future of India with British Labour Party leaders and political thinkers like Lord Halifax, George Lansbury, Clement Attlee, Arthur Greenwood, Harold Laski, J.B.S. Haldane, Ivor Jennings, G.D.H. Cole, Gilbert Murray and Sir Stafford Cripps.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: In 1943, after being disillusioned that Germany could be of any help in gaining India's independence, Bose left for Japan. He travelled with the German submarine U-180 around the Cape of Good Hope to the southeast of Madagascar, where he was transferred to the for the rest of the journey to Imperial Japan. This was the only civilian transfer between two submarines of two different navies in World War II.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: This was along the concept of, and with support of, what was then known as the Indian Independence League headed from Tokyo by expatriate nationalist leader Rash Behari Bose. The first INA was however disbanded in December 1942 after disagreements between the Hikari Kikan and Mohan Singh, who came to believe that the Japanese High Command was using the INA as a mere pawn and propaganda tool. Mohan Singh was taken into custody and the troops returned to the prisoner-of-war camp.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: The INA's first commitment was in the Japanese thrust towards Eastern Indian frontiers of Manipur. INA's special forces, the Bahadur Group, were involved in operations behind enemy lines both during the diversionary attacks in Arakan, as well as the Japanese thrust towards Imphal and Kohima.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: Soon, in spite of the treatment, Bose went into a coma. A few hours later, between 9 and 10 pm (local time) on Saturday 18 August 1945, Bose died aged 48.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: Bose first expressed his preference for "a synthesis of what modern Europe calls socialism and fascism" in a 1930 speech in Calcutta.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: Bose later criticized Nehru's 1933 statement that there is "no middle road" between communism and fascism, describing it as "fundamentally wrong." Bose believed communism would not gain ground in India due to its rejection of nationalism and religion and suggested a "synthesis between communism and fascism" could take hold instead. In 1944, Bose similarly stated, "Our philosophy should be a synthesis between National Socialism and communism."

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: Bose's correspondence (prior to 1939) reflects his disapproval of the racist practices and annulment of democratic institutions in Nazi Germany: "Today I regret that I have to return to India with the conviction that the new nationalism of Germany is not only narrow and selfish but arrogant." However, he expressed admiration for the authoritarian methods which he saw in Italy and Germany during the 1930s; he thought they could be used to build an independent India.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: His most famous quote was "Give me blood and I will give you freedom". Another famous quote was "Dilli Chalo" ("On to Delhi)!" This was the call he used to give the INA armies to motivate them. "Jai Hind", or, "Glory to India!" was another slogan used by him and later adopted by the Government of India and the Indian Armed Forces. Another slogan coined by him was "Ittehad, Etemad, Qurbani" (Urdu for "Unity, Agreement, Sacrifice").

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Subhas Chandra Bose

Context: In 2021, the Government of India declared 23 January as Parakram Divas to commemorate the birth anniversary of Subhas Chandra Bose. Political party, Trinamool Congress and the All India Forward Bloc demanded that the day should be observed as 'Deshprem Divas'. A holographic statue of Bose at the India Gate to mark his 125th birth anniversary was installed at India Gate and a permanent granite statue will replace the holographic statue later.

Question: スバス・チャンドラ・ボースの宗教は何？


Laurens Hammond

Context: Laurens Hammond (January 11, 1895 – July 1, 1973), was an American engineer and inventor. His inventions include the Hammond organ, the Hammond clock, and the world's first polyphonic musical synthesizer, the Novachord.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: When the family returned to Evanston in 1909, Laurens, then 14, was fluent in French and German. While in Europe, he had already designed a system for automatic transmission for automobiles. At his mother's suggestion, he submitted his designs to engineers at French automaker Renault, although they were not accepted. His first patent, in 1912, was for a barometer that could sell for one dollar.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: Hammond studied mechanical engineering at Cornell University, and was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity. He graduated with honors in 1916. When the United States entered World War I, Hammond served with the 16th Regiment Engineers (Railway), American Expeditionary Force, in France. He rose to the rank of captain.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: Following the war, Hammond moved to Detroit, where he was chief engineer for the Gray Motor Company, a manufacturer of marine engines. A partner in the company, Col. John H. Poole, with whom he had served in France, knew of his engineering skills, and paid him an extra $300 a week under the table to stay with Gray Motor. In 1919, he invented a silent spring-driven clock. This invention brought him enough money to leave Gray Motor Company and rent his own space in New York City.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: In 1922, Hammond invented the Teleview system of shutter glasses in association with 3-D films. One feature was made for the system, "The Man from M.A.R.S.". He premiered this show at the Selwyn Theatre in New York in December 1922 to critical acclaim, but the cost of installing the expensive machinery in the theater was prohibitive, and the process was never used again. A 2–D version of the film, renamed "Radio-Mania", continued to screen.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: Hammond's work on the synchronous motor led him in 1928 to set up the Hammond Clock Company, with six workers, above a grocery store in Chicago. Demand was high and the business soon grew into a large factory. He was responsible for a number of other inventions, such as an electric bridge table.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: Hammond filed his patent application on January 19, 1934. At that time, unemployment was a major problem due to the Great Depression, and with this in mind, the Patent Office rushed to grant his application, with the hope of creating jobs in the area.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: Hammond was awarded the Franklin Institute's John Price Wetherill Medal in 1940 for the invention of the Hammond electric organ.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: During World War II, Hammond helped design guided missile control systems, light-sensing devices for bomb guidance, glide-bomb controls, and a new type of gyroscope. The glide bomb was the forerunner of today's guided missile.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: Hammond left his position as president of his company in 1955, and retired from the company in 1960, at the age of sixty-five. During his life he held 110 patents. He was married to Roxana Scoville, and had one daughter. He died in Cornwall, Connecticut on July 1, 1973, aged 78.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Laurens Hammond

Context: The most comprehensive source on Laurens Hammond's life and inventions is the book by Stuyvesant Barry, "Hammond as in Organ: The Laurens Hammond Story". This book was never published, but is available on the web at The Hammond Organ Story.

Question: ローレンス・ハモンドの出身はどこ


Timetoget

Context: NSB soon bought all the shares of the company, and also made an agreement that operations on the Arendal Line would be taken over by Timetoget. However, the new company tried to take a short-cut in giving engineers only a six-week training program, instead of the usual 18 months. This made NSB want to discontinue operations. They bought out the rest of the shareholders, and liquidated the company. Timetoget never ran anything but trials on the Bratsberg Line.

Question: ノルウェー最初の民間鉄道事業者は何？


Timetoget

Context: In August 2000, Timetoget offered Telemark County Municipality to take over the transport of school children between Drangedal Station and Nordagutu Station. In September, the company also started negotiations with NSB to take over services on the Arendal Line, but it was stated that this was not excepted by NSB.

Question: ノルウェー最初の民間鉄道事業者は何？


Wounded Knee, South Dakota

Context: Wounded Knee () is a census-designated place (CDP) on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 364 at the 2020 census.

Question: ウンデッド・ニーで最も多い民族は何？


Wounded Knee, South Dakota

Context: The town is named for the Wounded Knee Creek which runs through the region. The bones and heart of the Sioux chief Crazy Horse were reputedly buried along this creek by his family following his death in 1877. The town lies within the Pine Ridge Reservation, territory of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux).

Question: ウンデッド・ニーで最も多い民族は何？


Wounded Knee, South Dakota

Context: On December 29, 1890, in the same area, in an incident known as the Wounded Knee Massacre, the United States 7th Cavalry killed more than 300 men, women and children who were being relocated to the Sioux reservation at Pine Ridge.

Question: ウンデッド・ニーで最も多い民族は何？


Wounded Knee, South Dakota

Context: There were 54 households, of which 61.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% were married couples living together, 35.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 1.9% were non-families. Of all households 1.9% were made up of individuals, and no households had someone living alone who was 65 years old or older. The average household size was 6.07 and the average family size was 6.04.

Question: ウンデッド・ニーで最も多い民族は何？


Wounded Knee, South Dakota

Context: In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 50.6% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 10.4% from 45 to 64, and 3.7% who were 65 years old or older. The median age was 18 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.

Question: ウンデッド・ニーで最も多い民族は何？


Wounded Knee, South Dakota

Context: The median income for a household in the CDP was $12,206. Males had a median income of $11,889, females had $13,333. The per capita income for the CDP was $2,403. About 72.2% of families and 81.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 83.8% of those under age 18 and none of those aged 65 or over.

Question: ウンデッド・ニーで最も多い民族は何？


Non-fiction novel

Context: The non-fiction novel is a literary genre which, broadly speaking, depicts real historical figures and actual events woven together with fictitious conversations and uses the storytelling techniques of fiction. The non-fiction novel is an otherwise loosely defined and flexible genre. The genre is sometimes referred to using the slang term "faction", a portmanteau of the words "fact" and "fiction".

Question: 世界で初めてのノンフィクション小説は何ですか？


Non-fiction novel

Context: In "The New York Times", Herbert Mitgang referred to Paul Goodman's "Making Do" (1963) as falling into "the category [that] is that growing one which might be called the nonfiction novel." The next year, he applied the term to Leon Uris's "" (1964).

Question: 世界で初めてのノンフィクション小説は何ですか？


Non-fiction novel

Context: Tom Wolfe's "The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test" (1968) was an example of the school of New Journalism (often characterized as an invention of the mid-1960s). The novel is hybridized with journalistic narration, which, like Capote's prose, places little emphasis on the process of narration (although Wolfe, unlike Capote, occasionally narrates from first-person).

Question: 世界で初めてのノンフィクション小説は何ですか？


Non-fiction novel

Context: Hunter S. Thompson's approach of "Gonzo Journalism" (in books like "" (1966)) abandoned Capote's narrative style to intermingle personal experiences and observations with more traditional journalism.

Question: 世界で初めてのノンフィクション小説は何ですか？


Non-fiction novel

Context: Since the 1970s, the non-fiction novel has somewhat fallen out of favor. However, forms such as the extended essay, the memoir, and the biography (and autobiography), as well as autofiction, can explore similar territory. Joan Didion, for instance, has never called her own work a "non-fiction novel", while she has been repeatedly credited for doing so with what she generally calls "extended" or "long" essays.

Question: 世界で初めてのノンフィクション小説は何ですか？


Non-fiction novel

Context: Homer Hickam, author of "Rocket Boys" (1998) and other well-known memoirs, has described his work as novel-memoirs or "novoirs", wherein he uses novelistic techniques, including fictional conversations, to allow the essential truth of his stories to be revealed.

Question: 世界で初めてのノンフィクション小説は何ですか？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: It is believed that due to a number of environmental factors, ancient mammals lived with limited colour vision. This is believed to have also been influenced by life styles, including being predominantly nocturnal. There is little data indicating the advantages of UV vision in early mammals.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Early mammal ultraviolet vision, or ultraviolet sensitivity, included sensitivity in the wavelength ranges between 350 and 430. These wavelengths are shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. In some rare cases, some modern day humans can see within the UV spectrum at wavelengths close to 310.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: In other animals that possess UV vision such as birds, ultraviolet sensitivity can be advantageous for courtship and reproductive success. This is because some birds have feathers with certain favourable colourations that can not be distinguished by human vision outside of the UV spectrum.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Opsins function by acting as enzymes that are activated and change shape when light absorption causes chromophores to isomerize. Opsins are responsible for adjusting wavelength dependence of the chromophore light induced isomerization reaction. Therefore, opsins act by determining chromophore sensitivity to light at any given wavelength. Opsins that have different amino acid sequences but are bound to identical chromophores result in different absorption values at each wavelength.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Opsin genes are used to encode the photoreceptor proteins responsible for color vision and dim light vision. The photoreceptor proteins created can be further categorized in to rhodopsins, which are found in rod photoreceptor cells and assist with night vision; and photopsins, or cone opsins, which are responsible for colour vision and expressed in cone photoreceptor cells of the retina.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Cone opsins are categorized further by their absorption maxima which is the wavelength when the greatest amount of light absorption takes place. Further categorization of cone opsins also depends on the specific amino acid sequences each of the opsins uses, which may have an evolutionary basis.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Rhodopsins, also known as 'visual purple' receptor proteins, are encoded by Rh1, OPN2 and RHO genes. They are characterized by extreme sensitivity to light and enable monochromatic human vision in low light or dim conditions. They are broken down into retinal and opsin when exposed to these conditions.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Long wavelength sensitive opsin (red cone opsin) – Encoded by the OPN1LW gene with a λmax of 560 that is found in the yellow-green electromagnetic spectrum despite its name. Its sensitivity to the colour red is still known to be higher than the other two human opsins.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Middle wavelength sensitive opsin (green-sensitive opsin) – Encoded by the OPN1MW gene with a λmax of 530 found in the green region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Short wavelength sensitive opsin (blue opsin) – Encoded by the OPN1SW gene with a λmax of 430 found in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Certain parts of opsin genes and the vision of various species, including humans, has been known to change over time with different environmental changes.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Recent studies have shown that primitive nocturnal mammalian ancestors had dichromatic vision consisting of UV–sensitive and red–sensitive traits. A change occurred approximately 30 million years ago where human ancestors evolved four classes of opsin genes, which enabled vision that included the full spectrum of visible light. UV–sensitivity is said to have been lost at this time.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Studies using in vitro assays have shown that epistatic evolution took place in Ancestral Boreoeutherian species with the 7 mutations on genetically reconstructed Boreoetherian short wavelength sensitive opsins. λmax values were shifted from a value of 357 to 411, an increase which indicated that human short wavelength sensitive opsins did indeed evolve from Ancestral Boreoeutherian species using these 7 mutations.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Further analysis has shown that 4008 out of the 5040 possible trajectories were terminated prematurely due to nonfunctional pigments that were dehydrated. Mutagenesis results also reveal that ancestral human short wavelength sensitive opsin remained UV-sensitive until about 80 million years ago before gradually increasing its λmax by 20 75 million years ago and 20 45 million years ago. It eventually reached the current λmax of 430 30 million years ago.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: It is believed that middle and long wave sensitive pigments appeared after the final stages of short wavelength sensitive opsin pigments evolved, and that trichromatic vision was formed through interprotein epistasis.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Scientists believe that the slow rate of evolution of human ancestral vision can also be attributed to slow environmental changes.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: It was found that the last two mutations, F46T and T52F, occurred between 45 million and 30 million years ago as the absolute max for short wave length opsins was increasing from 400 to 430. During this time, Ancestral Boreotherian had two long wave length opsins created by gene duplication, with one retaining the absolute max value of 560, equal to the ancestral value. This led to the creation of the modern human long wavelength sensitive, or red opsin.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Normal human trichromats require a mixture of three primary colours for every day colour vision. Protanopes, deuteranopes and tritanopes are all dichromats, meaning they use a mixture of two primary colours to match any specific colour that they see. Thus, they are missing one of the three wavelength sensitive cones.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Trichromats with all three cone pigments intact can generally see minimum wavelength differences between <1 and <3 for wavelengths that are found between 450 and 625.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Individuals with various forms of colour blindness such as deuteranopia and protanopia are missing human middle wavelength sensitive or long wavelength sensitive opsins. Their minimum wavelength differences are <5 but only at around 500.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Deuteranopes, who are missing medium wavelength sensitive cones, are similar to protanopes in that they cannot distinguish between colours in the green-yellow-red part of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, deuteranopes do not suffer from dimming issues. For example, purple colors are not seen as being opposite to other colours in the spectrum but instead appear to be similar.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: Tritanopes are missing the short wavelength sensitive opsins and see short wavelength colours in a green hue and dim compared to other colours. They may also see some short wavelength colours as black. Other perception problems include distinguishing yellow from pink or purple colours being perceived as shades of red.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


Evolution of human colour vision

Context: The evolutionary process of switching from a single photopigment to two different pigments would have provided early ancestors with a sensitivity advantage in two ways.

Question: 人間の祖先はいつから色が見えるようになった？


George Herbig

Context: Born in 1920 in Wheeling, West Virginia, Herbig received his Ph.D in 1948 at the University of California, Berkeley; his dissertation is entitled "A Study of Variable Stars in Nebulosity".

Question: ハービッグ・ハロー天体を発見したのは誰


George Herbig

Context: His specialty was stars at an early stage of evolution (a class of intermediate mass pre–main sequence stars are named Herbig Ae/Be stars after him) and the interstellar medium. He was perhaps best known for his discovery, with Guillermo Haro, of the Herbig–Haro objects; bright patches of nebulosity excited by bipolar outflow from a star being born.

Question: ハービッグ・ハロー天体を発見したのは誰


George Herbig

Context: Herbig also made prominent contributions to the field of diffuse interstellar band (DIB) research, especially through a series of nine articles published between 1963 and 1995 entitled "The diffuse interstellar bands."

Question: ハービッグ・ハロー天体を発見したのは誰


History of mathematics

Context: The earliest mathematical texts available are from Mesopotamia and Egypt – "Plimpton 322" (Babylonian c. 2000 – 1900 BC), the "Rhind Mathematical Papyrus" (Egyptian c. 1800 BC) and the "Moscow Mathematical Papyrus" (Egyptian c. 1890 BC). All of these texts mention the so-called Pythagorean triples, so, by inference, the Pythagorean theorem seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: The origins of mathematical thought lie in the concepts of number, patterns in nature, magnitude, and form. Modern studies of animal cognition have shown that these concepts are not unique to humans. Such concepts would have been part of everyday life in hunter-gatherer societies. The idea of the "number" concept evolving gradually over time is supported by the existence of languages which preserve the distinction between "one", "two", and "many", but not of numbers larger than two.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Predynastic Egyptians of the 5th millennium BC pictorially represented geometric designs. It has been claimed that megalithic monuments in England and Scotland, dating from the 3rd millennium BC, incorporate geometric ideas such as circles, ellipses, and Pythagorean triples in their design. All of the above are disputed however, and the currently oldest undisputed mathematical documents are from Babylonian and dynastic Egyptian sources.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: In contrast to the sparsity of sources in Egyptian mathematics, knowledge of Babylonian mathematics is derived from more than 400 clay tablets unearthed since the 1850s. Written in Cuneiform script, tablets were inscribed whilst the clay was moist, and baked hard in an oven or by the heat of the sun. Some of these appear to be graded homework.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Another significant Egyptian mathematical text is the Moscow papyrus, also from the Middle Kingdom period, dated to c. 1890 BC. It consists of what are today called "word problems" or "story problems", which were apparently intended as entertainment. One problem is considered to be of particular importance because it gives a method for finding the volume of a frustum (truncated pyramid).

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Finally, the Berlin Papyrus 6619 (c. 1800 BC) shows that ancient Egyptians could solve a second-order algebraic equation.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Greek mathematics refers to the mathematics written in the Greek language from the time of Thales of Miletus (~600 BC) to the closure of the Academy of Athens in 529 AD. Greek mathematicians lived in cities spread over the entire Eastern Mediterranean, from Italy to North Africa, but were united by culture and language. Greek mathematics of the period following Alexander the Great is sometimes called Hellenistic mathematics.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Greek mathematics was much more sophisticated than the mathematics that had been developed by earlier cultures. All surviving records of pre-Greek mathematics show the use of inductive reasoning, that is, repeated observations used to establish rules of thumb. Greek mathematicians, by contrast, used deductive reasoning. The Greeks used logic to derive conclusions from definitions and axioms, and used mathematical rigor to prove them.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Greek mathematics is thought to have begun with Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC) and Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC). Although the extent of the influence is disputed, they were probably inspired by Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics. According to legend, Pythagoras traveled to Egypt to learn mathematics, geometry, and astronomy from Egyptian priests.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Among the last great Greek mathematicians is Pappus of Alexandria (4th century AD). He is known for his hexagon theorem and centroid theorem, as well as the Pappus configuration and Pappus graph. His "Collection" is a major source of knowledge on Greek mathematics as most of it has survived. Pappus is considered the last major innovator in Greek mathematics, with subsequent work consisting mostly of commentaries on earlier work.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: The oldest existent work on geometry in China comes from the philosophical Mohist canon c. 330 BC, compiled by the followers of Mozi (470–390 BC). The "Mo Jing" described various aspects of many fields associated with physical science, and provided a small number of geometrical theorems as well. It also defined the concepts of circumference, diameter, radius, and volume.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Even after European mathematics began to flourish during the Renaissance, European and Chinese mathematics were separate traditions, with significant Chinese mathematical output in decline from the 13th century onwards. Jesuit missionaries such as Matteo Ricci carried mathematical ideas back and forth between the two cultures from the 16th to 18th centuries, though at this point far more mathematical ideas were entering China than leaving.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: The earliest civilization on the Indian subcontinent is the Indus Valley civilization (mature phase: 2600 to 1900 BC) that flourished in the Indus river basin. Their cities were laid out with geometric regularity, but no known mathematical documents survive from this civilization.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Pāṇini (c. 5th century BC) formulated the rules for Sanskrit grammar. His notation was similar to modern mathematical notation, and used metarules, transformations, and recursion. Pingala (roughly 3rd–1st centuries BC) in his treatise of prosody uses a device corresponding to a binary numeral system. His discussion of the combinatorics of meters corresponds to an elementary version of the binomial theorem. Pingala's work also contains the basic ideas of Fibonacci numbers (called "mātrāmeru").

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Around 500 AD, Aryabhata wrote the "Aryabhatiya", a slim volume, written in verse, intended to supplement the rules of calculation used in astronomy and mathematical mensuration, though with no feeling for logic or deductive methodology. Though about half of the entries are wrong, it is in the "Aryabhatiya" that the decimal place-value system first appears. Several centuries later, the Muslim mathematician Abu Rayhan Biruni described the "Aryabhatiya" as a "mix of common pebbles and costly crystals".

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: In the 12th century, Bhāskara II lived in southern India and wrote extensively on all then known branches of mathematics. His work contains mathematical objects equivalent or approximately equivalent to infinitesimals, derivatives, the mean value theorem and the derivative of the sine function. To what extent he anticipated the invention of calculus is a controversial subject among historians of mathematics.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: In the late 11th century, Omar Khayyam wrote "Discussions of the Difficulties in Euclid", a book about what he perceived as flaws in Euclid's "Elements", especially the parallel postulate. He was also the first to find the general geometric solution to cubic equations. He was also very influential in calendar reform.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: In the 13th century, Nasir al-Din Tusi (Nasireddin) made advances in spherical trigonometry. He also wrote influential work on Euclid's parallel postulate. In the 15th century, Ghiyath al-Kashi computed the value of π to the 16th decimal place. Kashi also had an algorithm for calculating "n"th roots, which was a special case of the methods given many centuries later by Ruffini and Horner.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Other achievements of Muslim mathematicians during this period include the addition of the decimal point notation to the Arabic numerals, the discovery of all the modern trigonometric functions besides the sine, al-Kindi's introduction of cryptanalysis and frequency analysis, the development of analytic geometry by Ibn al-Haytham, the beginning of algebraic geometry by Omar Khayyam and the development of an algebraic notation by al-Qalasādī.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: During the time of the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire from the 15th century, the development of Islamic mathematics became stagnant.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Medieval European interest in mathematics was driven by concerns quite different from those of modern mathematicians. One driving element was the belief that mathematics provided the key to understanding the created order of nature, frequently justified by Plato's "Timaeus" and the biblical passage (in the "Book of Wisdom") that God had "ordered all things in measure, and number, and weight".

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: In the 12th century, European scholars traveled to Spain and Sicily seeking scientific Arabic texts, including al-Khwārizmī's "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing", translated into Latin by Robert of Chester, and the complete text of Euclid's "Elements", translated in various versions by Adelard of Bath, Herman of Carinthia, and Gerard of Cremona. These and other new sources sparked a renewal of mathematics.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: The 14th century saw the development of new mathematical concepts to investigate a wide range of problems. One important contribution was development of mathematics of local motion.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Thomas Bradwardine proposed that speed (V) increases in arithmetic proportion as the ratio of force (F) to resistance (R) increases in geometric proportion. Bradwardine expressed this by a series of specific examples, but although the logarithm had not yet been conceived, we can express his conclusion anachronistically by writing:

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: V = log (F/R). Bradwardine's analysis is an example of transferring a mathematical technique used by al-Kindi and Arnald of Villanova to quantify the nature of compound medicines to a different physical problem.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: One of the 14th-century Oxford Calculators, William Heytesbury, lacking differential calculus and the concept of limits, proposed to measure instantaneous speed "by the path that would be described by [a body] if... it were moved uniformly at the same degree of speed with which it is moved in that given instant".

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Heytesbury and others mathematically determined the distance covered by a body undergoing uniformly accelerated motion (today solved by integration), stating that "a moving body uniformly acquiring or losing that increment [of speed] will traverse in some given time a [distance] completely equal to that which it would traverse if it were moving continuously through the same time with the mean degree [of speed]".

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Piero della Francesca (c. 1415–1492) wrote books on solid geometry and linear perspective, including "De Prospectiva Pingendi (On Perspective for Painting)", "Trattato d’Abaco (Abacus Treatise)", and "De quinque corporibus regularibus (On the Five Regular Solids)".

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: In Italy, during the first half of the 16th century, Scipione del Ferro and Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia discovered solutions for cubic equations. Gerolamo Cardano published them in his 1545 book "Ars Magna", together with a solution for the quartic equations, discovered by his student Lodovico Ferrari. In 1572 Rafael Bombelli published his "L'Algebra" in which he showed how to deal with the imaginary quantities that could appear in Cardano's formula for solving cubic equations.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Simon Stevin's book "De Thiende" ('the art of tenths'), first published in Dutch in 1585, contained the first systematic treatment of decimal notation, which influenced all later work on the real number system.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Driven by the demands of navigation and the growing need for accurate maps of large areas, trigonometry grew to be a major branch of mathematics. Bartholomaeus Pitiscus was the first to use the word, publishing his "Trigonometria" in 1595. Regiomontanus's table of sines and cosines was published in 1533.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: During the Renaissance the desire of artists to represent the natural world realistically, together with the rediscovered philosophy of the Greeks, led artists to study mathematics. They were also the engineers and architects of that time, and so had need of mathematics in any case. The art of painting in perspective, and the developments in geometry that involved, were studied intensely.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: The analytic geometry developed by René Descartes (1596–1650) allowed those orbits to be plotted on a graph, in Cartesian coordinates.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Building on earlier work by many predecessors, Isaac Newton discovered the laws of physics explaining Kepler's Laws, and brought together the concepts now known as calculus. Independently, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, developed calculus and much of the calculus notation still in use today. Science and mathematics had become an international endeavor, which would soon spread over the entire world.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Other important European mathematicians of the 18th century included Joseph Louis Lagrange, who did pioneering work in number theory, algebra, differential calculus, and the calculus of variations, and Laplace who, in the age of Napoleon, did important work on the foundations of celestial mechanics and on statistics.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Throughout the 19th century mathematics became increasingly abstract. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) epitomizes this trend. He did revolutionary work on functions of complex variables, in geometry, and on the convergence of series, leaving aside his many contributions to science. He also gave the first satisfactory proofs of the fundamental theorem of algebra and of the quadratic reciprocity law.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: This century saw the development of the two forms of non-Euclidean geometry, where the parallel postulate of Euclidean geometry no longer holds.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: The 19th century saw the beginning of a great deal of abstract algebra. Hermann Grassmann in Germany gave a first version of vector spaces, William Rowan Hamilton in Ireland developed noncommutative algebra. The British mathematician George Boole devised an algebra that soon evolved into what is now called Boolean algebra, in which the only numbers were 0 and 1. Boolean algebra is the starting point of mathematical logic and has important applications in electrical engineering and computer science.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Augustin-Louis Cauchy, Bernhard Riemann, and Karl Weierstrass reformulated the calculus in a more rigorous fashion.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Abel and Galois's investigations into the solutions of various polynomial equations laid the groundwork for further developments of group theory, and the associated fields of abstract algebra. In the 20th century physicists and other scientists have seen group theory as the ideal way to study symmetry.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: In the later 19th century, Georg Cantor established the first foundations of set theory, which enabled the rigorous treatment of the notion of infinity and has become the common language of nearly all mathematics. Cantor's set theory, and the rise of mathematical logic in the hands of Peano, L.E.J. Brouwer, David Hilbert, Bertrand Russell, and A.N. Whitehead, initiated a long running debate on the foundations of mathematics.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: The 19th century saw the founding of a number of national mathematical societies: the London Mathematical Society in 1865, the Société Mathématique de France in 1872, the Circolo Matematico di Palermo in 1884, the Edinburgh Mathematical Society in 1883, and the American Mathematical Society in 1888. The first international, special-interest society, the Quaternion Society, was formed in 1899, in the context of a vector controversy.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: The 20th century saw mathematics become a major profession. Every year, thousands of new Ph.D.s in mathematics were awarded, and jobs were available in both teaching and industry. An effort to catalogue the areas and applications of mathematics was undertaken in Klein's encyclopedia.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: In a 1900 speech to the International Congress of Mathematicians, David Hilbert set out a list of 23 unsolved problems in mathematics. These problems, spanning many areas of mathematics, formed a central focus for much of 20th-century mathematics. Today, 10 have been solved, 7 are partially solved, and 2 are still open. The remaining 4 are too loosely formulated to be stated as solved or not.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Notable historical conjectures were finally proven. In 1976, Wolfgang Haken and Kenneth Appel proved the four color theorem, controversial at the time for the use of a computer to do so. Andrew Wiles, building on the work of others, proved Fermat's Last Theorem in 1995. Paul Cohen and Kurt Gödel proved that the continuum hypothesis is independent of (could neither be proved nor disproved from) the standard axioms of set theory. In 1998 Thomas Callister Hales proved the Kepler conjecture.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Non-standard analysis, introduced by Abraham Robinson, rehabilitated the infinitesimal approach to calculus, which had fallen into disrepute in favour of the theory of limits, by extending the field of real numbers to the Hyperreal numbers which include infinitesimal and infinite quantities. An even larger number system, the surreal numbers were discovered by John Horton Conway in connection with combinatorial games.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: One of the more colorful figures in 20th-century mathematics was Srinivasa Aiyangar Ramanujan (1887–1920), an Indian autodidact who conjectured or proved over 3000 theorems, including properties of highly composite numbers, the partition function and its asymptotics, and mock theta functions. He also made major investigations in the areas of gamma functions, modular forms, divergent series, hypergeometric series and prime number theory.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Paul Erdős published more papers than any other mathematician in history, working with hundreds of collaborators. Mathematicians have a game equivalent to the Kevin Bacon Game, which leads to the Erdős number of a mathematician. This describes the "collaborative distance" between a person and Erdős, as measured by joint authorship of mathematical papers.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Emmy Noether has been described by many as the most important woman in the history of mathematics. She studied the theories of rings, fields, and algebras.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: As in most areas of study, the explosion of knowledge in the scientific age has led to specialization: by the end of the century there were hundreds of specialized areas in mathematics and the Mathematics Subject Classification was dozens of pages long. More and more mathematical journals were published and, by the end of the century, the development of the World Wide Web led to online publishing.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: In 2000, the Clay Mathematics Institute announced the seven Millennium Prize Problems, and in 2003 the Poincaré conjecture was solved by Grigori Perelman (who declined to accept an award, as he was critical of the mathematics establishment).

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: Most mathematical journals now have online versions as well as print versions, and many online-only journals are launched. There is an increasing drive toward open access publishing, first popularized by arXiv.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


History of mathematics

Context: There are many observable trends in mathematics, the most notable being that the subject is growing ever larger, computers are ever more important and powerful, the application of mathematics to bioinformatics is rapidly expanding, and the volume of data being produced by science and industry, facilitated by computers, is expanding exponentially.

Question: 数学の起源はいつ


Daisy Ridley

Context: She also appeared in the mystery film "Murder on the Orient Express" (2017), played the title character of the romantic drama "Ophelia" (2018), and has done occasional voice acting, notably the live-action/animated film "Peter Rabbit" (2018) and video games including "12 Minutes".

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: Ridley has stated that while growing up, her favourite film was "Matilda" (1996), referring to the titular character (played by Mara Wilson) as a role model. While not a particularly strong "Star Wars" fan as a youth, she dedicatedly followed the "Harry Potter" series.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: Ridley won a scholarship to Tring Park School for the Performing Arts in Hertfordshire, which she attended from ages nine to eighteen. She then studied classical civilisation at Birkbeck, University of London, before dropping out to focus on her acting career. Prior to being cast in "", Ridley worked for nearly two years as a bartender at two different pubs in London. In 2016, she began studying for a Bachelor of Arts in social science through online courses with the Open University.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: In April 2014, the casting of Ridley as Rey, one of the lead characters in "The Force Awakens", was announced. She was cast for the film in February 2014. At the time of her casting she was, according to "Rolling Stone", a "total unknown." Her choice by director J. J. Abrams was seen as a repeat of George Lucas' move of casting relatively unknown actors for the lead roles in the first "Star Wars" film in 1977.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: Ridley became the executive producer of the documentary "The Eagle Huntress" in January 2016, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on 24 January 2016; she also recorded narration for the film's wide release. Ridley was one of several actors featured on Barbra Streisand's 2016 album "". Along with Anne Hathaway, Ridley and Streisand perform the song "At the Ballet" from "A Chorus Line", with Ridley performing the role of Bebe, one of a trio of dancers hoping to be cast in a forthcoming show.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: In 2017, Ridley portrayed Mary Debenham in "Murder on the Orient Express", an adaptation of Agatha Christie's detective novel of the same name. Directed by and starring Kenneth Branagh, production began in London in November 2016. She also reprised her role as Rey, opposite Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker, in "", which was released in December 2017.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: In January 2018, Ridley starred in the titular role in "Ophelia", a reimagining of the Hamlet tale, alongside Naomi Watts and Clive Owen. The project was filmed from April to July 2017 and debuted at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. In February 2018, Ridley voiced the role of Cottontail in "Peter Rabbit", an adaptation of the children's stories of the same name by Beatrix Potter.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: In 2021, Ridley co-starred in the film "Chaos Walking", an adaption of the young-adult novel by Patrick Ness. She played Viola Eade, opposite Tom Holland who played Todd Hewitt. The film was released on March 5, 2021. The film had been delayed occasionally due to poor test screenings that followed the film's reshoots, and later due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It received negative reviews and was a box-office flop.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: She recently lent her voice for the point-and-click mystery video game "12 Minutes", alongside James McAvoy and Willem Dafoe. The game received positive reviews with Ridley's performance being praised as well. She recently made a surprise appearance in Judd Apatow's latest movie, "The Bubble", as Kate, a horny AI. The film received negative reviews.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: Ridley resides in Primrose Hill, London. Since 2017, she has been in a relationship with actor Tom Bateman, whom she met on the set of "Murder on the Orient Express". They got engaged sometime in 2019; reports revealed Bateman referred to Ridley as "his fiancée" while in a barber shop. They both co-founded their own production company, Werewolf Films.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: In 2016, Ridley revealed she had been diagnosed with endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome at age fifteen, requiring her to undergo multiple laparoscopic surgery procedures. She states that her condition left her feeling low in self-confidence due to acne which followed. Ridley is a vegan.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Daisy Ridley

Context: On 4 April 2022, Ridley returned to Instagram again after six years of being off the platform. In her first post, she is seen sipping tea and engaging in self-care "refreshed, recharged, and ready for what I'm calling my 'Year of Yes'". Ridley was welcomed back to Instagram by her "Orient Express" co-star Leslie Odom Jr. and Chewbacca actor Joonas Suotamo.

Question: SF映画『スター・ウォーズ』の初代ヒロインを演じた俳優は誰？


Galactus

Context: Lee and Kirby wanted to introduce a character that broke away from the archetype of the standard villain. In the character's first appearance, Galactus was depicted as a god-like figure who feeds by draining living planets of their energy, and operates without regard to the morality and judgments of mortal beings.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist-coplotter Jack Kirby, the character debuted in "The Fantastic Four" #48 (March 1966, the first of a three-issue story later known as "The Galactus Trilogy").

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: In 1966, nearly five years after launching Marvel Comics' flagship superhero title, "Fantastic Four", creators Stan Lee and Jack Kirby collaborated on an antagonist designed to break the supervillain mold of the tyrant with god-like stature and power. As Lee recalled in 1993,

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Kirby described his biblical inspirations for Galactus and an accompanying character, an angelic herald Lee called the Silver Surfer:

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Kirby elaborated, "Galactus in actuality is a sort of god. He is beyond reproach, beyond anyone's opinion. In a way he is kind of a Zeus, who fathered Hercules. He is his own legend, and of course, he and the Silver Surfer are sort of modern legends, and they are designed that way."

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: This led to the introduction of Galactus in "Fantastic Four" #48–50 (March – May 1966), which fans began calling "The Galactus Trilogy". Kirby did not intend Galactus to reappear, to preserve the character's awe-inspiring presence. Fan popularity, however, prompted Lee to ask Kirby for Galactus's reappearance, and the character became a mainstay of the Marvel Universe.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: The character made appearances in "Fantastic Four" #120–123 (March – June 1972) and "Thor" #225–228 (July – October 1974). These two storylines introduced two new heralds for Galactus. Galactus also featured in "Fantastic Four" #172–175 (July – October 1976) and #208–213 (July – December 1979).

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Stan Lee and Jack Kirby reunited for the origin of the Silver Surfer and Galactus in the one-shot graphic novel "The Silver Surfer: The Ultimate Cosmic Experience!" in 1978. This Marvel Fireside Book, published by Simon & Schuster, was an out-of-continuity retelling of the origin story without the Fantastic Four.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Stan Lee and artist John Buscema also produced the 64-page hardcover "Silver Surfer: Judgment Day" (October 1988), in which Galactus clashes with demonic entity Mephisto.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: The consequences of Galactus's death are explored in the issues "Fantastic Four Annual" 2001 and "Fantastic Four" vol. 3 #46–49 (October 2001 –January 2002) written by Jeph Loeb and culminate in Galactus' revival, bringing resolution to Simonson's cliffhanger from the "Devourer" story arc. The character features in the first six issues of the series "Thanos" (December 2003 –May 2004), written by Jim Starlin. Issues #7–12, written by Keith Giffen, introduce Galactus's first herald (the ).

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Galactus's origin is re-examined in "Fantastic Four" #520–523 (October 2004 –April 2005), in which the character is temporarily reverted to his mortal form. After appearing in the limited series "Stormbreaker: The Saga of Beta Ray Bill" #1–6 (March – August 2005) Galactus was a central character in the "Annihilation" storyline, appearing in the limited series ' #1–4 (June – September 2006), "Annihilation" #1–6 (October 2006 –March 2007) and the epilogue, ' #1–2 (February – April 2007).

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Galactus featured prominently in a direct sequel series to "Ultimates", titled "The Ultimates 2" #1–10 (August 2016 – November 2017) which focused on the Lifebringer Galactus as the de facto leader of the Ultimates. Galactus as the Lifebringer made a final appearance in "Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur" #26-30 (December 2017 – April 2018) before being reverted to his "Devourer of Worlds" persona by writer Gerry Dugan in "Infinity Countdown" #4 (June 2018).

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Galactus was killed by Thor during the "Herald of Thunder" story-arc in "Thor" vol. 6 #1-6 (March 2020 – August 2020).

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Galactus becomes involved in a civil war among the "Proemial Gods", who had come into being during the universe's infancy. When a faction of the gods led by Diableri of Chaos attempts to remake the universe in their own image, Galactus kills Diableri and imprisons three others (Antiphon, Tenebrous, and Aegis) in the prison called the Kyln.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: During the Secret Wars, Galactus attempts to consume Battleworld in order to force the Beyonder to remove his hunger, but his plan is foiled by Doctor Doom. Galactus grants clemency to the Surfer, who aids his former master against the Elders of the Universe and the In-Betweener. The entity also rescues the Surfer and Nova from Mephisto's realm, and aids the cosmic hierarchy in a war against the mad Eternal Thanos, who wields the Infinity Gauntlet.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: After an encounter with Epoch, Galactus consumes the planet Orbucen. When a distraught Beta Ray Bill seeks vengeance for the destruction of the Korbinite home world, Galactus relents and creates a female Korbinite as a companion for Bill. Galactus also consumes the planet Sakaar, earning the enmity of Skaar and Hiro-Kala.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: A "celestial parasite" within Galactus is revealed to have spawned a daughter, "Gali" Galacta, who secretly lives on Earth working as a superhero and doctor while seeking to suppress her own hunger. After attempting to use the Ultimate Nullifier to prevent herself from being driven to consume the planet, Galactus replenishes his daughter with cosmic energy and explains her origins to her, leading Gali to realize herself to be pregnant.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: The Silver Surfer finds the body of a future Galactus under New York City, and he summons the present Galactus to Earth. Mr. Fantastic explains that in the distant future, the heroes on a dying Earth had killed Galactus and then escaped to the present via time travel. When Galactus discovers these heroes now live on a planet called Nu-Earth, he destroys it and its inhabitants in retribution.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: During the "Infinity Countdown" storyline, the Silver Surfer requested Galactus's aid in defeating Ultron/Hank Pym by consuming the planet Saiph which was overrun by Ultron drones. Galactus reluctantly agrees. After consuming Saiph, Galactus's hunger returns and the Silver Surfer becomes his herald again as he takes Galactus to find an uninhabited planet.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Galactus also employs scientific knowledge beyond comprehension as the oldest living entity in the universe, capable of producing massive starships of his own design, Punisher robots to battle foes beneath his attention, the Ultimate Nullifier (a weapon capable of destroying and remaking the multiverse), and his solar system–sized, Mobius strip-shaped home, Taa II. Reed Richards has speculated that Taa II may be the greatest source of energy in the universe.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: The Silver Surfer is a recurring ally and Herald of Galactus, and was the first to be introduced into the Marvel Universe. Other characters have also filled the role intermittently.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: The final issue of "The Adventures of the X-Men" reveals that the previous universe from which Galan originates was Earth-92131, which was being destroyed when the Dweller-in-Darkness used the M'Kraan Crystal to feed of the energies of the dying universe. Galan's rebirth as Galactus is depicted as being observed by the Living Tribunal and the Brothers from "DC vs. Marvel".

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: In the Amalgam Comics universe that combines Marvel and DC characters, Galactus is combined with DC's Brainiac to create Galactiac, a being that consumes planetary energy but also leaves some of the world intact for his own personal study.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: In the five-issue miniseries "Bullet Points" (January – May 2007), Galactus arrives on Earth with the Silver Surfer and kills most of Earth's heroes. Their sacrifice inspires the Surfer to turn on Galactus, who subsequently flees Earth.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: In the limited series "Earth X", Galactus is one of the three entities in the universe responsible for keeping cosmic entities the Celestials in check. By destroying planets (the "eggs" of the Celestials), Galactus prevents the beings from overpopulating the universe. Franklin Richards eventually adopts Galactus's identity.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: The series "Exiles" features a version of Galactus that restores rather than destroys worlds, and empowers the being Sabretooth to defeat a renegade Silver Surfer.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: In the alternate future of Earth-691, the original Guardians of the Galaxy witness the formation of a symbiotic relationship between Galactus and the former Silver Surfer, now known as the Keeper. Having been named a Protector of the Universe by Eon and further empowered with the Quantum Bands, the Keeper possesses sufficient power to constantly supply Galactus with energy, ending his need to consume worlds.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: Galactus appears as a gigantic, planet-sized life form—complete with a single, massive eye and tentacles—covered with a number of life forms ("Galactus spores"), which aid its digestion.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: The limited series "Marvel Zombies" features the Earth-2149 universe, which is infected by a virus changing sentient beings into flesh-eating zombies. Galactus's power is absorbed when consumed by the infected Avengers.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: The MC2 title "Last Planet Standing" features a future version of Galactus that eventually merges with the Silver Surfer and vows to repair rather than destroy worlds.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: In the timeline of an aged and future King Thor, Galactus comes to a deserted Earth to finally consume it. The entity eventually bonds with All-Black the Necrosword and becomes "Galactus the World Butcher", devouring multiple planets. Galactus is finally consumed by an All-Black-empowered Ego the Living Planet.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Galactus

Context: In an alternate universe, in order to resurrect Galactus, the Silver Surfer used the remnants of Ultron, creating a fusion of Ultron and Galactus.

Question: マーベル・コミックのギャラクタスの性別は？


Micronesia

Context: Micronesia (, ; from "mikrós" "small" and "nêsos" "island") is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of about two thousand small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with three other island regions: the Philippines to the west, Polynesia to the east, and Melanesia to the south—as well as with the wider community of Austronesian peoples.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The region has a tropical marine climate and is part of the Oceanian realm. It includes four main archipelagos—the Caroline Islands, the Gilbert Islands, the Mariana Islands, and the Marshall Islands—as well as numerous islands that are not part of any archipelago.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The earliest known contact of Europeans with Micronesia was in 1521, when Spanish ships landed in the Marianas. Jules Dumont d'Urville is usually credited with coining the term "Micronesia" in 1832, but in fact, Domeny de Rienzi used the term a year earlier.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Plus the separate island nation of Nauru, among other distinctly separate islands and smaller island groups.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The Caroline Islands are a widely scattered archipelago consisting of about 500 small coral islands, north of New Guinea and east of the Philippines. The Carolines consist of two republics: the Federated States of Micronesia, consisting of approximately 600 islands on the eastern side of the chain with Kosrae being the most eastern; and Palau consisting of 250 islands on the western side.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The Gilbert Islands are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands, arranged in an approximate north-to-south line. In a geographical sense, the equator serves as the dividing line between the northern Gilbert Islands and the southern Gilbert Islands. The Republic of Kiribati contains all of the Gilberts, including the island of Tarawa, the site of the country's capital.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Bikini Atoll is an atoll in the Marshall Islands. There are 23 islands in the Bikini Atoll. The islands of Bokonijien, Aerokojlol and Nam were vaporized during nuclear tests that occurred there. The islands are composed of low coral limestone and sand. The average elevation is only about above low tide level.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The majority of the islands in the area are part of a coral atoll. Coral atolls begin as coral reefs that grow on the slopes of a central volcano. When the volcano sinks back down into the sea, the coral continues to grow, keeping the reef at or above water level. One exception is Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia, which still has the central volcano and coral reefs around it.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The Yap Islands host a number of endemic bird species, including the Yap monarch and the Olive white-eye, in addition to four other restricted-range bird species. The endangered Yap flying-fox, though often considered a subspecies of the Pelew flying fox or the Mariana fruit bat, is also endemic to Yap.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The region has a tropical marine climate moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. There is little seasonal temperature variation. The dry season runs from December or January to June and the rainy season from July to November or December. Because of the location of some islands, the rainy season can sometimes include typhoons.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Construction of Nan Madol, a megalithic complex made from basalt lava logs in Pohnpei, began in around 1180 CE. This was followed by the construction of the Leluh complex in Kosrae in around 1200 CE.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The earliest known contact with Europeans occurred in 1521, when a Spanish expedition under Ferdinand Magellan reached the Marianas This contact is recorded in Antonio Pigafetta's chronicle of Magellan's voyage, in which he recounts that the Chamorro people had no apparent knowledge of people outside of their island group. A Portuguese account of the same voyage suggests that the Chamorro people who greeted the travellers did so "without any shyness as if they were good acquaintances".

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Further contact was made during the sixteenth century, although often initial encounters were very brief. Documents relating to the 1525 voyage of Diogo da Rocha suggest that he made the first European contact with inhabitants of the Caroline Islands, possibly staying on the Ulithi atoll for four months and encountering Yap. Marshall Islanders were encountered by the expedition of Spanish navigator Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón in 1529. Other contact with the Yap islands occurred in 1625.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The treaty, which was signed by Spanish Prime Minister Francisco Silvela on 12 February 1899, transferred the Caroline Islands, the Mariana Islands, Palau and other possessions to Germany. Under German control, the islands became a protectorate and were administered from German New Guinea. Nauru had already been annexed and claimed as a colony by Germany in 1888.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The Pacific Community (SPC) is a regional intergovernmental organisation whose membership includes both nations and territories in the Pacific Ocean and their metropolitan powers.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Most residents of Micronesia can freely move to and work within, the United States. Relatives working in the US that send money home to relatives represent the primary source of individual income. Additional individual income comes mainly from government jobs and work within shops and restaurants.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The tourist industry consists mainly of scuba divers that come to see the coral reefs, do wall dives and visit sunken ships from WWII. Major stops for scuba divers in approximate order are Palau, Chuuk, Yap and Pohnpei. Some private yacht owners visit the area for months or years at a time. However, they tend to stay mainly at ports of entry and are too few in number to be counted as a major source of income.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Copra production used to be a more significant source of income, however, world prices have dropped in part to large palm plantations that are now planted in places like Borneo.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The people today form many ethnicities, but all are descended from and belong to the Micronesian culture. The Micronesian culture was one of the last native cultures of the region to develop. It developed from a mixture of Melanesians and Filipinos.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Because of this mixture of descent, many of the ethnicities of Micronesia feel closer to some groups in Melanesia, or the Philippines. A good example of this are the Yapese people who are related to Austronesian tribes in the northern Philippines. A 2011 survey found that 93.1% of Micronesian are Christians. Genetics also show a significant number of Micronesian have Japanese paternal ancestry: 9.5% of males from Micronesia as well as 0.2% in East Timor carry the Haplogroup D-M55.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: There are also substantial Asian communities found across the region, most notably in the Northern Mariana Islands where they form the majority and smaller communities of Europeans who have migrated from the United States or are descendants of settlers during European colonial rule in Micronesia.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Though they are all geographically part of the same region, they all have very different colonial histories. The US-administered areas of Micronesia have a unique experience that sets them apart from the rest of the Pacific. Micronesia has great economic dependency on its former or current motherlands, something only comparable to the French Pacific. Sometimes, the term "American Micronesia" is used to acknowledge the difference in cultural heritage.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: It is thought that ancestors of the Carolinian people may have originally immigrated from the Asian mainland and Indonesia to Micronesia around 2,000 years ago. Their primary language is Carolinian, called "Refaluwasch" by native speakers, which has a total of about 5,700 speakers. The Carolinians have a matriarchal society in which respect is a very important factor in their daily lives, especially toward the matriarchs. Most Carolinians are of the Roman Catholic faith.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The immigration of Carolinians to Saipan began in the early 19th century, after the Spanish reduced the local population of Chamorro natives to just 3,700. They began to immigrate mostly sailing from small canoes from other islands, which a typhoon previously devastated. The Carolinians have a much darker complexion than the native Chamorros.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The Chuukese people are an ethnic group in Oceania. They constitute 48% of the population of the Federated States of Micronesia. Their language is Chuukese. The home atoll of Chuuk is also known by the former name Truk.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The Nauruan people are an ethnicity inhabiting the Pacific island of Nauru. They are most likely a blend of other Pacific peoples.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The origin of the Nauruan people has not yet been finally determined. It can possibly be explained by the last Malayo-Pacific human migration (c. 1200). It was probably seafaring or shipwrecked Polynesians or Melanesians that established themselves in Nauru because there was not already an indigenous people present, whereas the Micronesians were already crossed with the Melanesians in this area.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Japanese rule in Micronesia also led to Japanese people settling the islands and marrying native spouses. Kessai Note, the former president of the Marshall Islands has partial Japanese ancestry by way of his paternal grandfather, and Emanuel Mori, the former president of the Federated States of Micronesia, is descended from one of the first settlers from Japan, Koben Mori.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: A significant number of Micronesians were shown to have paternal genetic relations with Japanese Haplogroup D-M55. Genetic testing found that 9.5% of males from Micronesia as well as 0.2% in East Timor carry what is believed to reflect recent admixture from Japan. That is, D-M116.1 (D1b1) is generally believed to be a primary subclade of D-M64.1 (D1b), possibly as a result of the Japanese military occupation of Southeast Asia during World War II.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The largest group of languages spoken in Micronesia are the Micronesian languages. They are in the family of Oceanic languages, part of the Austronesian language group. They descended from the Proto-Oceanic, which in turn descended via Proto-Malayo-Polynesian from Proto-Austronesian.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The languages in the Micronesian family are Marshallese, Gilbertese, Kosraean, Nauruan, as well as a large sub-family called the Chuukic–Pohnpeic languages containing 11 languages.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: On the eastern edge of the Federated States of Micronesia, the languages Nukuoro and Kapingamarangi represent an extreme westward extension of the Polynesian branch of Oceanic.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Finally, there are two Malayo-Polynesian languages spoken in Micronesia that do not belong to the Oceanic languages: Chamorro in the Mariana Islands and Palauan in Palau.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The book "Prehistoric Architecture in Micronesia" argues that the most prolific pre-colonial Micronesian architecture is: "Palau's monumental sculpted hills, megalithic stone carvings and elaborately decorated structure of wood placed on piers above elevated stone platforms". The archeological traditions of the Yapese people remained relatively unchanged even after the first European contact with the region during Magellan's 1520s circumnavigation of the globe.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: This was mostly to make the best possible use of what few natural materials they had available to them.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The cuisine of the Mariana Islands is tropical in nature, including such dishes as Kelaguen as well as many others.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Marshallese cuisine comprises the fare and foodways of the Marshall Islands, and includes local foods such as breadfruit, taro root, pandanus and seafood, among others.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Palauan cuisine includes local foods such as cassava, taro, yam, potato, fish and pork. Western cuisine is favored among young Palauans.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The educational systems in the nations of Micronesia vary depending on the country and there are several higher-level educational institutions.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: In the Federated States of Micronesia, education is required for citizens aged 6 to 13, and is important to their economy. The literacy rate for citizens aged 15 to 24 is 98.8%. The College of Micronesia-FSM has a campus in each of the four states with its national campus in the capital city of Palikir, Pohnpei. The COM-FSM system also includes the Fisheries and Maritime Institute (FMI) on the Yap islands.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Weriyeng is one of the last two schools of traditional navigation found in the central Caroline Islands in Micronesia, the other being Fanur.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The Northern Marianas College is a two-year community college located in the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI).

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, a United Nations Trusteeship administered by the United States, borrowed heavily from United States law in establishing the Trust Territory Code during the Law and Development movement of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Many of those provisions were adopted by the new Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia when the Federated States of Micronesia became self-governing in 1979.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Micronesian music is influential to those living in the Micronesian islands. Some of the music is based around mythology and ancient Micronesian rituals. It covers a range of styles from traditional songs, handed down through generations, to contemporary music.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Traditional beliefs suggest that the music can be presented to people in dreams and trances, rather than being written by composers themselves. Micronesian folk music is, like Polynesian music, primarily vocal-based.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Popular music, both from Micronesia and from other areas of the world, is played on radio stations in Micronesia.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: The region is home to the Micronesian Games. This quadrennial international multi-sport event involves all of Micronesia's countries and territories except Wake Island.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Nauru has two national sports, weightlifting and Australian rules football. According to 2007 Australian Football League International Census figures, there are around 180 players in the Nauru senior competition and 500 players in the junior competition, representing an participation rate of over 30% overall for the country.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: Micronesian mythology comprises the traditional belief systems of the people of Micronesia. There is no single belief system in the islands of Micronesia, as each island region has its own mythological beings.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Micronesia

Context: There are several significant figures and myths in the Federated States of Micronesia, Nauruan and Kiribati traditions.

Question: ミクロネシア連邦で最大の島は何？


Ash Ketchum

Context: His English name is derived from the Japanese name (as the letters 'ash' are included in 'Satoshi') and his English motto is derived from the Japanese motto (as the letters 'Gotta catch ém all!' are included in 'Pokémon getto da ze!'). Ash's dream is to become a Pokémon Master. He is loosely based on Red, the player character from the Generation I games "Pokémon Red, Green, Blue" and "Yellow" as well as the Generation III games "Pokémon FireRed" and "LeafGreen" versions.

Question: 『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』の主人公の出身地の名前は？


Ash Ketchum

Context: Ash Ketchum was first mentioned in a video game at the dialogue of "Pokémon Play It!", and his first appearance in a game was in "Pokémon Puzzle League". Satoshi Tajiri, the creator of Pokémon, with whom Ash shares his Japanese name, has stated that Ash represents the 'human aspect' of the series, and that Ash reflects what he himself was like as a kid.

Question: 『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』の主人公の出身地の名前は？


Ash Ketchum

Context: As the protagonist of the "Pokémon" anime, Ash has appeared in all but one episode of the anime, all the films, and several of the television specials.

Question: 『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』の主人公の出身地の名前は？


Ash Ketchum

Context: Ash has been criticized for being stuck in a 'floating timeline', as well as for his inability to win any major Pokémon leagues until the 22nd season of the anime. However, his longevity and persistence have also been positively received by major news outlets such as CNN and the BBC, as they are seen to represent that it is never too late to achieve one's dreams.

Question: 『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』の主人公の出身地の名前は？


Ash Ketchum

Context: Ash's outfits through the anime, especially his various hats, are also considered to be just as iconic as him, and also have good reception, in particular, his first costume from the original series.

Question: 『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』の主人公の出身地の名前は？


Ash Ketchum

Context: He is the winner of the Orange League and also the Alola Region’s Pokémon Champion receiving the title after winning its first Pokémon League Conference.

Question: 『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』の主人公の出身地の名前は？


Ash Ketchum

Context: For the Korean dubbing, Choi Deok-Hui provided the voice of Ash in the first five seasons and first two movies of the Korean adaption of the "Pokémon" anime, which was dubbed by Seoul Broadcasting System. An Hyeon-Seo replaced Deok-Hui in Pokémon movies three through five. Lee Seon-ho replaced Hyeon-Seo in season 6 and in the sixth Pokémon movie.

Question: 『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』の主人公の出身地の名前は？


Ash Ketchum

Context: In the first episode of the twenty-third season (), Ash at the age of six asked his mother if he can go to Professor Oak's Pokémon Summer Camp which she happily signed him up. However, Ash missed the camp due to breaking his alarm clock and overslept.

Question: 『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』の主人公の出身地の名前は？


Ash Ketchum

Context: In episode 7 of the seventeenth season (), "Giving Chase at the Rhyhorn Race!", Ash attends Professor Oak's Pokémon Summer Camp, where he had previously met his childhood friend Serena. At one point during the camp, Serena had hurt her knee from falling over after being startled by a Poliwag. Ash had used his handkerchief to wrap up her injury, which she had kept, and returns to Ash in this episode.

Question: 『ポケットモンスター 赤・緑』の主人公の出身地の名前は？