List of world records in chess

Context: The worst result in a simultaneous exhibition given by a master occurred in 1951, when International Master Robert Wade gave a simultaneous exhibition against 30 Russian schoolboys, aged 14 and under. After 7 hours of play, Wade had lost 20 games and drawn the remaining 10.

Question: Сколько длился самый длинный шахматный матч в мире в 20 веке?


List of world records in chess

Context: The record for the most games played in a blindfold simultaneous exhibition is 48, set by Timur Gareyev in December 2016, when he played 48 opponents over 20 hours, scoring 35 wins, 7 draws and 6 losses.

Question: Сколько длился самый длинный шахматный матч в мире в 20 веке?


List of world records in chess

Context: 20,500 players played simultaneously on December 24, 2010, in Ahmadabad, India. Then-World Champion Viswanathan Anand was a guest of honor for this event and participated in the simul.

Question: Сколько длился самый длинный шахматный матч в мире в 20 веке?


List of world records in chess

Context: On February 8–9, 2011, Iranian grandmaster Ehsan Ghaem-Maghami played for 25 hours against 604 players, winning 580 (97.35%) of the games, drawing 16, and losing 8.

Question: Сколько длился самый длинный шахматный матч в мире в 20 веке?


List of world records in chess

Context: Leonard Barden's daily chess column for the "London Evening Standard" began in June 1956, and was published daily in the printed newspaper until July 30, 2010, a total run of 54 years and 1 month. It then continued online until January 31, 2020, for a total of 63 years, 7 months and 27 days without missing a day.

Question: Сколько длился самый длинный шахматный матч в мире в 20 веке?


Millencolin

Context: Millencolin continued to tour and in 1995 brought out their second full-length album, "Life on a Plate". This coincided with Millencolin beginning to tour outside of Scandinavia. At the end of 1995, the US record company Epitaph wanted to release "Life on a Plate" in the US, and the band agreed. They then toured further afield, touring Japan, Australia, Brazil and Canada, and played as part of the 1997 Warped Tour.

Question: Кто является солистом группы Millencolin?


Millencolin

Context: "Kingwood", released in March 2005, marked the band's return to a faster and more traditional punk rock sound, collaborating it with their recently founded rock sound, and completed a world tour in follow up of the album. The album debuted at No. 2 in the Swedish chart.

Question: Кто является солистом группы Millencolin?


Millencolin

Context: On 22 October 2007 the band entered the studio to start writing and recording songs for their seventh album "Machine 15".

Question: Кто является солистом группы Millencolin?


Millencolin

Context: The band has hosted a skateboard contest at their own skatepark in Örebro, Sweden named the Millencolin Open. They say they started this annual contest because skateboarding is what brought them together and now they have the chance to make something good of their town and of skateboarding.

Question: Кто является солистом группы Millencolin?


Millencolin

Context: They wrote and released a single dedicated to their hometown football club Örebro SK titled "Örebro" in 2009. It was played in the stadium for the first time on 11 May 2009 in the home game against Hammarby Fotboll.

Question: Кто является солистом группы Millencolin?


Millencolin

Context: In 2010, they toured in Canada and South America, where they played "Pennybridge Pioneers" in its entirety. They also played the 2011 Soundwave Festival in Australia.

Question: Кто является солистом группы Millencolin?


Millencolin

Context: The band had announced on Facebook earlier that a limited edition "yellow bird" toy would be available at the festival, but due to a delay in production the sale of these items was only possible on future tours. A limited edition (500 copies only) vinyl release of "Carry You" single (from the compilation album "The Melancholy Connection") was available for sale at the festival.

Question: Кто является солистом группы Millencolin?


List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles

Context: The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With a lineup that consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group has been regarded as the foremost and most influential music band in popular music history. The group received various awards and nominations during their career as a band, and has received more since their break-up.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Academy Awards, commonly known as the "Oscars", are a set of awards given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences annually for excellence of cinematic achievements.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The American Music Awards have been awarded annually since 1973 and determined by a poll of music buyers. The Beatles have received one nomination, plus one special award determined by an Internet poll.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Awit Awards are music awards in the Philippines given annually by the Philippine Association of the Record Industry (PARI) to recognize the outstanding achievements in the music industry. The Beatles won one award.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The "Billboard" Music Awards honor artists for commercial performance in the U.S., based on record charts published by "Billboard". The awards are based on sales data by Nielsen SoundScan and radio information by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems. The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007, until its reintroduction in 2011.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Brit Awards, originally known as the BPI Awards, were created by the British Phonographic Industry. The Beatles have received four awards. (The initial awards covered the 25-year period from 1952 to 1977. Since 1982, the awards have been an annual event.)

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Echo Music Prize, established in 1992, are held annually and are granted by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie. The Beatles have received two nominations.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Fryderyk is an annual award ceremony in Poland, presented by the Związek Producentów Audio Video, the IFPI Poland, since 1994. The Beatles have received one nomination.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award is presented to those who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording. The Beatles won the award in 2014.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Grammy Trustees Award is presented to individuals who, during their careers in music, have made significant contributions, other than performance, to the field of recording. The Beatles won the award in 1972.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Grammy Hall of Fame was established by The Recording Academy's National Trustees in 1973 to honor recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance that are at least 25 years old.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Ivor Novello Awards are presented annually in London by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA). The Beatles' songs were awarded fourteen times, while the group has received a Special Award.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) presents the Japan Gold Disc Awards, honoring music sales in the country. The Beatles have received twelve awards.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: Launched in 2001, the Meteor Music Awards are awarded for achievements in the Irish and international record industry. The Beatles has received one award.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) is an award show by the cable network MTV to honor the top music videos of the year. It was first held at the end of the summer of 1984, and originally was an alternative to the Grammy Award in the video category. The Beatles have received one award out of two nominations.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Q Awards are a British annual awards held by music magazine "Q", established in 1990. The Beatles have won one time.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, established in 1983 and located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, is dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential musicians, bands, producers, and others that have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the area of rock and roll. The Beatles were inducted in 1988.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The UK Music Hall of Fame was an awards ceremony to honour musicians for their lifetime contributions to music in the United Kingdom. The first ceremony inducted five founder members selected by committee of music experts, one for every decade since the 1950s. The Beatles were awarded for the 1960s.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The Vocal Group Hall Of Fame was founded in 1997 to honor the greatest vocal groups of all time who have achieved worldwide recognition by way of their recordings, television appearances and other entertainment media. The Beatles were inducted in 2004.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Context: The World Music Awards, established in 1989, are held annually and honour worldwide sales figures. The Beatles have received two competitive awards and the Diamond Award, given to recording artists who have sold over 100 million albums throughout their career.

Question: Сколько Грэмми выиграли The Beatles?


Soviet women in World War II

Context: Soviet women played an important role in World War II (whose Eastern Front was known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union). While most toiled in industry, transport, agriculture and other civilian roles, working double shifts to free up enlisted men to fight and increase military production, a sizable number of women served in the army. The majority were in medical units.

Question: Сколько советских снайперов-женщин воевало во Второй мировой войне?


Soviet women in World War II

Context: At first, when Germany attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, thousands of women who volunteered were turned away. However, after massive losses in the face of Operation Barbarossa, attitudes had to be changed, ensuring a greater role for women who wanted to fight. In the early stages of the war, the fastest route to advancement in the military for women was service in medical and auxiliary units.

Question: Сколько советских снайперов-женщин воевало во Второй мировой войне?


Soviet women in World War II

Context: The 586th Fighter Aviation Regiment: This unit was the first to take part in combat (April 16, 1942) of the three female regiments and take part in 4,419 combat missions (125 air battles and 38 kills). Lydia Litvyak and Yekaterina Budanova were assigned to the unit before joining the 437th IAP in the fighting over Stalingrad and became the world's only two female fighter aces (with 5 each, although soviet propaganda claims 12 and 11 victories respectively), both flying the Yak-1 fighter.

Question: Сколько советских снайперов-женщин воевало во Второй мировой войне?


Soviet women in World War II

Context: The 125th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment: Marina Raskova commanded this unit until her death in combat, and then the unit was assigned to Valentin Markov. It started service as the 587th Bomber Aviation Regiment until it was given the Guards designation in September 1943.

Question: Сколько советских снайперов-женщин воевало во Второй мировой войне?


Soviet women in World War II

Context: Women crewed the majority of the anti-aircraft batteries employed in Stalingrad. Some batteries, including the 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, also engaged in ground combat.

Question: Сколько советских снайперов-женщин воевало во Второй мировой войне?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: Alla Borisovna Pugacheva, sometimes Pugachova (, ; born 15 April 1949), is а Soviet and Russian musical performer. Her career started in 1965 and continues to this day, even though she does not give live performances anymore. For her "clear mezzo-soprano and a full display of sincere emotions", she enjoys an iconic status across the former Soviet Union as the most successful Soviet performer in terms of record sales and popularity.

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: Pugacheva's repertoire includes over 500 songs in Russian, English, German, French, Kazakh, Hebrew, Finnish, Ukrainian, and her discography has more than 100 records, CDs and DVDs. In addition to Russia and the former Soviet Union, Pugacheva's albums were released in Japan, Korea, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria. Pugacheva has sold more than 250 million records.

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: She became a People's Artist of the USSR in 1991, a Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in 1995, and was decorated as a Chevalier of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" II, III and IV degrees. She represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997, where she finished in 15th place.<ref name="http://allapugacheva.pro/vsem-shou-shou"></ref>

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: Pugacheva was born to Boris Mikhailovich Pugachëv and Zinaida Arkhipovna (born Odegova) Pugachëva in Moscow, on 15 April 1949. In 1956, she enrolled in music school No.31, and attended the Ippolitov-Ivanov music college. She went on to study at school No.496, finishing her studies there in 1964. She then studied in the choral-conducting department of the college. Pugacheva recorded her first track "Robot" in 1965, for a morning programme on Radio Yunost.

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: In the late 1970s, Pugacheva became one of Russia's most beloved artists for her "clear mezzo-soprano and a full display of genuine emotions".

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev awarded Pugacheva the 3rd Degree Order of Merit for the Fatherland on her 60th birthday (15 April 2009).

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: In 1985, Pugacheva married producer Yevgeniy Boldin, with whom she had numerous professional collaborations. She had a working and romantic relationship with a young musician and singer, Vladimir Kuzmin during this period. In 1993, she divorced Yevgeniy Boldin stating that their professional lives interfered too much with their personal life.

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: On 23 December 2011, Alla Pugacheva married Maxim Galkin. The couple has twins delivered by a surrogate mother. Their names are Liza and Harry.

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: In March 2014, Pugacheva signed a petition against the persecution of Andrei Makarevich who protested against annexation of Crimea and War in Donbas.

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Alla Pugacheva

Context: In March 2022, Pugacheva and Galkin left Russia for Israel following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Question: Сколько детей у Аллы Пугачевой?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: On his father's recommendation, Brecht sought to avoid being conscripted into the army by exploiting a loophole which allowed for medical students to be deferred. He subsequently registered for a medical course at Munich University, where he enrolled in 1917. There he studied drama with Arthur Kutscher, who inspired in the young Brecht an admiration for the iconoclastic dramatist and cabaret star Frank Wedekind.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: From July 1916, Brecht's newspaper articles began appearing under the new name "Bert Brecht" (his first theatre criticism for the "Augsburger Volkswille" appeared in October 1919). Brecht was drafted into military service in the autumn of 1918, only to be posted back to Augsburg as a medical orderly in a military VD clinic; the war ended a month later.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: In July 1919, Brecht and Paula Banholzer (who had begun a relationship in 1917) had a son, Frank. In 1920 Brecht's mother died. Frank died in 1943, fighting for Nazi Germany on the Eastern Front.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Some time in either 1920 or 1921, Brecht took a small part in the political cabaret of the Munich comedian Karl Valentin. Brecht's diaries for the next few years record numerous visits to see Valentin perform. Brecht compared Valentin to Charlie Chaplin, for his "virtually complete rejection of mimicry and cheap psychology". Writing in his "Messingkauf Dialogues" years later, Brecht identified Valentin, along with Wedekind and Büchner, as his "chief influences" at that time:

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht's first full-length play, "Baal" (written 1918), arose in response to an argument in one of Kutscher's drama seminars, initiating a trend that persisted throughout his career of creative activity that was generated by a desire to counter another work (both others' and his own, as his many adaptations and re-writes attest). "Anyone can be creative," he quipped, "it's rewriting other people that's a challenge." Brecht completed his second major play, "Drums in the Night", in February 1919.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Between November 1921 and April 1922 Brecht made acquaintance with many influential people in the Berlin cultural scene. Amongst them was the playwright Arnolt Bronnen with whom he established a joint venture, the Arnolt Bronnen / Bertolt Brecht Company. Brecht changed the spelling of his first name to Bertolt to rhyme with Arnolt.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: In 1923 Brecht's marriage to Zoff began to break down (though they did not divorce until 1927). Brecht had become involved with both Elisabeth Hauptmann and Helene Weigel. Brecht and Weigel's son, Stefan, was born in October 1924.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: At this time Brecht revised his important "transitional poem", "Of Poor BB". In 1925, his publishers provided him with Elisabeth Hauptmann as an assistant for the completion of his collection of poems, "Devotions for the Home" ("Hauspostille", eventually published in January 1927). She continued to work with him after the publisher's commission ran out.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: The emphasis on Reason and didacticism, the sense that the new subject matter demanded a new dramatic form, the use of songs to interrupt and comment: all these are found in his notes and essays of the 1920s, and he bolstered them by citing such Piscatorial examples as the step-by-step narrative technique of "Schweik" and the oil interests handled in "Konjunktur" ('Petroleum resists the five-act form').

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: In 1930 Brecht married Weigel; their daughter Barbara Brecht was born soon after the wedding. She also became an actress and would later share the copyrights of Brecht's work with her siblings.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: This collective adapted John Gay's "The Beggar's Opera", with Brecht's lyrics set to music by Kurt Weill. Retitled "The Threepenny Opera" ("Die Dreigroschenoper") it was the biggest hit in Berlin of the 1920s and a renewing influence on the musical worldwide. One of its most famous lines underscored the hypocrisy of conventional morality imposed by the Church, working in conjunction with the established order, in the face of working-class hunger and deprivation:

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: The masterpiece of the Brecht/Weill collaborations, "Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny" ("Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny"), caused an uproar when it premiered in 1930 in Leipzig, with Nazis in the audience protesting. The "Mahagonny" opera would premier later in Berlin in 1931 as a triumphant sensation.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: When war seemed imminent in April 1939, he moved to Stockholm, Sweden, where he remained for a year. After Hitler invaded Norway and Denmark, Brecht left Sweden for Helsinki, Finland, where he lived and waited for his visa for the United States until 3 May 1941. During this time he wrote the play "Mr Puntila and his Man Matti" ("Herr Puntila und sein Knecht Matti") with Hella Wuolijoki, with whom he lived in .

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: During the war years, Brecht became a prominent writer of the Exilliteratur. He expressed his opposition to the National Socialist and Fascist movements in his most famous plays: "Life of Galileo", "Mother Courage and Her Children", "The Good Person of Szechwan", "The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui", "The Caucasian Chalk Circle", "Fear and Misery of the Third Reich", and many others.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: "Hangmen Also Die!" was Brecht's only script for a Hollywood film. The money he earned from writing the film enabled him to write "The Visions of Simone Machard", "Schweik in the Second World War" and an adaptation of Webster's "The Duchess of Malfi".

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht's reluctance to speak publicly in support of Carola Neher, who died in a gulag prison in the USSR after being arrested during the 1936 purges, was much criticised by Russian emigrants in the West.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: He lived in Zurich in Switzerland for a year. In February 1948 in Chur, Brecht staged an adaptation of Sophocles' "Antigone", based on a translation by Hölderlin. It was published under the title "Antigonemodell 1948", accompanied by an essay on the importance of creating a "non-Aristotelian" form of theatre.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Though he was never a member of the Communist Party, Brecht had been schooled in Marxism by the dissident communist Karl Korsch. Korsch's version of the Marxist dialectic influenced Brecht greatly, both his aesthetic theory and theatrical practice. Brecht received the Stalin Peace Prize in 1954.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht wrote very few plays in his final years in East Berlin, none of them as famous as his previous works. He dedicated himself to directing plays and developing the talents of the next generation of young directors and dramaturgs, such as Manfred Wekwerth, Benno Besson and Carl Weber. At this time he wrote some of his most famous poems, including the "Buckow Elegies".

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht's subsequent commentary on those events, however, offered a very different assessment—in one of the poems in the "Elegies", "Die Lösung" (The Solution), a disillusioned Brecht writes a few months later:

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: And elect another?</poem>Brecht's involvement in agitprop and lack of clear condemnation of purges resulted in criticism from many contemporaries who became disillusioned in communism earlier. Fritz Raddatz who knew Brecht for a long time described his attitude as "broken", "escaping the problem of Stalinism", ignoring his friends being murdered in the USSR, keeping silence during show trials such as Slánský trial.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht died on 14 August 1956 of a heart attack at the age of 58. He is buried in the Dorotheenstadt Cemetery on Chausseestraße in the Mitte neighbourhood of Berlin, overlooked by the residence he shared with Helene Weigel.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht developed the combined theory and practice of his "Epic theatre" by synthesizing and extending the experiments of Erwin Piscator and Vsevolod Meyerhold to explore the theatre as a forum for political ideas and the creation of a critical aesthetics of dialectical materialism.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht's modernist concern with drama-as-a-medium led to his refinement of the "epic form" of the drama. This dramatic form is related to similar modernist innovations in other arts, including the strategy of divergent chapters in James Joyce's novel "Ulysses", Sergei Eisenstein's evolution of a constructivist "montage" in the cinema, and Picasso's introduction of cubist "collage" in the visual arts.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht used his poetry to criticize European culture, including Nazis, and the German bourgeoisie. Brecht's poetry is marked by the effects of the First and Second World Wars.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Throughout his theatric production, poems are incorporated into this plays with music. In 1951, Brecht issued a recantation of his apparent suppression of poetry in his plays with a note titled "On Poetry and Virtuosity". He writes:

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht's most influential poetry is featured in his "Manual of Piety (Devotions)", establishing him as a noted poet.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Besides being an influential dramatist and poet, some scholars have stressed the significance of Brecht's original contributions in political and social philosophy.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht's collaborations with Kurt Weill have had some influence in rock music. The "Alabama Song" for example, originally published as a poem in Brecht's "Hauspostille" (1927) and set to music by Weill in "Mahagonny", has been recorded by The Doors, on their self-titled debut album, as well as by David Bowie and various other bands and performers since the 1960s.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht's son, Stefan Brecht, became a poet and theatre critic interested in New York's avant-garde theatre.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht's plays were a focus of the Schauspiel Frankfurt when Harry Buckwitz was general manager, including the world premiere of "Die Gesichte der Simone Machard" in 1957.

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Entries show: "English-language translation of title" ("German-language title") [year written] / [year first produced]

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Bertolt Brecht

Context: Brecht wrote hundreds of poems throughout his life. He began writing poetry as a young boy, and his first poems were published in 1914. His poetry was influenced by folk-ballads, French "chansons", and the poetry of Rimbaud and Villon. The last collection of new poetry by Brecht published in his lifetime was the 1939 "Svendborger Gedichte".

Question: В каком театре работал Бертольт Брехт?


Pope John Paul II

Context: According to Wojtyła's fellow student the future Austrian Cardinal Alfons Stickler, in 1947 during his sojourn at the "Angelicum", Wojtyła visited Padre Pio, who heard his confession and told him that one day he would ascend to "the highest post in the Church". Cardinal Stickler added that Wojtyła believed that the prophecy was fulfilled when he became a Cardinal.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Wojtyła returned to Poland in the summer of 1948 for his first pastoral assignment in the village of Niegowić, from Kraków, at the Church of the Assumption. He arrived at Niegowić at harvest time, where his first action was to kneel and kiss the ground. He repeated this gesture, which he adopted from Jean Marie Baptiste Vianney, throughout his papacy.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1959, Wojtyła began an annual tradition of saying a Midnight Mass on Christmas Day in an open field at Nowa Huta, the so-called model workers' town outside Kraków that was without a church building. Baziak died in June 1962 and on 16 July, Wojtyła was selected as "Vicar Capitular" "(temporary administrator)" of the Archdiocese until an archbishop could be appointed.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: He also participated in the assemblies of the Synod of Bishops. On 13 January 1964, Pope Paul VI appointed him Archbishop of Kraków. On 26 June 1967, Paul VI announced Wojtyła's promotion to the College of Cardinals. Wojtyła was named cardinal priest of the titulus of San Cesareo in Palatio.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1967, he was instrumental in formulating the encyclical "Humanae vitae", which dealt with the same issues that forbid abortion and artificial birth control.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: According to a contemporary witness, Wojtyła was against the distribution of a letter around Kraków in 1970, stating that the Polish Episcopate was preparing for the 50th anniversary of the Polish–Soviet War.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: During 1974–1975, Wojtyła served Pope Paul VI as consultor to the Pontifical Council for the Laity, as recording secretary for the 1974 synod on evangelism and by participating extensively in the original drafting of the 1975 apostolic exhortation, "Evangelii nuntiandi".

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In August 1978, following the death of Pope Paul VI, Wojtyła voted in the papal conclave, which elected John Paul I. John Paul I died after only 33 days as pope, triggering another conclave.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The second conclave of 1978 started on 14 October, ten days after the funeral. It was split between two strong candidates for the papacy: Cardinal Giuseppe Siri, the conservative Archbishop of Genoa, and the liberal Archbishop of Florence, Cardinal Giovanni Benelli, a close friend of John Paul I.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: During his pontificate, John Paul II made journeys to 129 countries, travelling more than while doing so. He consistently attracted large crowds, some among the largest ever assembled in human history, such as the Manila World Youth Day, which gathered up to four million people, the largest papal gathering ever, according to the Vatican. John Paul II's earliest official visits were to the Dominican Republic and Mexico in January 1979.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In June 1979, John Paul II travelled to Poland, where ecstatic crowds constantly surrounded him. This first papal trip to Poland uplifted the nation's spirit and sparked the formation of the Solidarity movement in 1980, which later brought freedom and human rights to his troubled homeland.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Poland's Communist leaders intended to use the pope's visit to show the people that although the pope was Polish it did not alter their capacity to govern, oppress, and distribute the goods of society. They also hoped that if the pope abided by the rules they set, that the Polish people would see his example and follow them as well. If the pope's visit inspired a riot, the Communist leaders of Poland were prepared to crush the uprising and blame the suffering on the pope.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: When Pope John Paul II kissed the ground at the Warsaw airport he began the process by which Communism in Poland—and ultimately elsewhere in Europe—would come to an end.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On later trips to Poland, he gave tacit support to the Solidarity organisation. These visits reinforced this message and contributed to the collapse of East European Communism that took place between 1989/1990 with the reintroduction of democracy in Poland, and which then spread through Eastern Europe (1990–1991) and South-Eastern Europe (1990–1992).

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: As an extension of his successful work with youth as a young priest, John Paul II pioneered the international World Youth Days. John Paul II presided over nine of them: Rome (1985 and 2000), Buenos Aires (1987), Santiago de Compostela (1989), Częstochowa (1991), Denver (1993), Manila (1995), Paris (1997), and Toronto (2002). Total attendance at these signature events of the pontificate was in the tens of millions.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The Great Jubilee of 2000 was a call to the church to become more aware and to embrace her missionary task for the work of evangelization.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: From the beginning of my Pontificate, my thoughts had been on this Holy Year 2000 as an important appointment. I thought of its celebration as a providential opportunity during which the Church, thirty-five years after the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, would examine how far she had renewed herself, in order to be able to take up her evangelising mission with fresh enthusiasm.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II also made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land for the Great Jubilee of 2000. During his visit to the Holy Land, John Paul II visited many sites of the Rosary, including the following locations: Bethany Beyond the Jordan (Al-Maghtas), at the Jordan river, where John the Baptist baptized Jesus; Manger Square and the Church of the Nativity in the town of Bethlehem, the location of Jesus' birth; and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, the site of Jesus' burial and resurrection.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II was considered a conservative on doctrine and issues relating to human sexual reproduction and the ordination of women.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: While he was visiting the United States in 1977, the year before becoming pope, Wojtyła said: "All human life, from the moments of conception and through all subsequent stages, is sacred."

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II was an outspoken opponent of the death penalty, although previous popes had accepted the practice. At a papal mass in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States he said:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: A sign of hope is the increasing recognition that the dignity of human life must never be taken away, even in the case of someone who has done great evil. Modern society has the means of protecting itself, without definitively denying criminals the chance to reform. I renew the appeal I made most recently at Christmas for a consensus to end the death penalty, which is both cruel and unnecessary.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: During that visit, John Paul II convinced the then governor of Missouri, Mel Carnahan, to reduce the death sentence of convicted murderer Darrell J. Mease to life imprisonment without parole. John Paul II's other attempts to reduce the sentence of death-row inmates were unsuccessful. In 1983, John Paul II visited Guatemala and unsuccessfully asked the country's president, Efraín Ríos Montt, to reduce the sentence for six left-wing guerrillas sentenced to death.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 2002, John Paul II again travelled to Guatemala. At that time, Guatemala was one of only two countries in Latin America (the other being Cuba) to apply capital punishment. John Paul II asked the Guatemalan president, Alfonso Portillo, for a moratorium on executions.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: At the same time, however, John Paul II was an enthusiastic supporter of European integration; in particular, he supported his native Poland's entry into the bloc. On 19 May 2003, three weeks before a referendum was held in Poland on EU membership, the Polish pope addressed his compatriots and urged them to vote for Poland's EU membership at St. Peter's Square in Vatican City State. While some conservative, Catholic politicians in Poland opposed EU membership, John Paul II said:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: I know that there are many in opposition to integration. I appreciate their concern about maintaining the cultural and religious identity of our nation. However, I must emphasise that Poland has always been an important part of Europe. Europe needs Poland. The Church in Europe needs the Poles' testimony of faith. Poland needs Europe.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The Polish pope compared Poland's entry into the EU to the Union of Lublin, which was signed in 1569 and united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one nation and created an elective monarchy.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Although generally accepting the theory of evolution, John Paul II made one major exception—the human soul. "If the human body has its origin in living material which pre-exists it, the spiritual soul is immediately created by God."

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1984 and 1986, through Cardinal Ratzinger (future Pope Benedict XVI) as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, John Paul II officially condemned aspects of liberation theology, which had many followers in Latin America.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Visiting Europe, Salvadoran Archbishop Óscar Romero unsuccessfully attempted to obtain a Vatican condemnation of the right-wing El Salvadoran regime for violations of human rights during the Salvadoran Civil War and its support of death squads, and expressed his frustration in working with clergy who cooperated with the government. He was encouraged by John Paul II to maintain episcopal unity as a top priority.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II was the first pontiff to denounce Mafia violence in Southern Italy. In 1993, during a pilgrimage to Agrigento, Sicily, he appealed to the Mafiosi: "I say to those responsible: 'Convert! One day, the judgment of God will arrive!'" In 1994, John Paul II visited Catania and told victims of Mafia violence to "rise up and cloak yourself in light and justice!"

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1995, the Mafia bombed two historical churches in Rome. Some believed that this was the mob's vendetta against the pope for his denunciations of organised crime.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Between 1990 and 1991, a 34-nation coalition led by the United States waged a war against Saddam Hussein's Iraq, which had invaded and annexed Kuwait. John Paul II was a staunch opponent of the Gulf War. Throughout the conflict, he appealed to the international community to stop the war, and after it was over led diplomatic initiatives to negotiate peace in the Middle East. In his 1991 encyclical Centesimus Annus, John Paul II harshly condemned the conflict:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: No, never again war, which destroys the lives of innocent people, teaches how to kill, throws into upheaval even the lives of those who do the killing and leaves behind a trail of resentment and hatred, thus making it all the more difficult to find a just solution of the very problems which provoked the war.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: What is happening in your countries is a terrible tragedy that must end. During the African Synod, we, the pastors of the church, felt the duty to express our consternation and to launch an appeal for forgiveness and reconciliation. This is the only way to dissipate the threats of ethnocentrism that are hovering over Africa these days and that have so brutally touched Rwanda and Burundi.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1986, the Pope approved the release of a document from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith regarding "Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons". While not neglecting to comment on homosexuality and moral order, the letter issued multiple affirmations of the dignity of homosexual persons.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II completed a full-scale reform of the Catholic Church's legal system, Latin and Eastern, and a reform of the Roman Curia.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 18 October 1990, when promulgating the "Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches", John Paul II stated

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1998 John Paul II issued the motu proprio "Ad tuendam fidem", which amended two canons (750 and 1371) of the 1983 Code of Canon Law and two canons (598 and 1436) of the 1990 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II promulgated the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (CCEO) on 18 October 1990, by the document "Sacri Canones". The CCEO came into force of law on 1 October 1991. It is the codification of the common portions of the Canon Law for the 23 of the 24 "sui iuris" churches in the Catholic Church that are the Eastern Catholic Churches. It is divided into 30 titles and has a total of 1540 canons.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II promulgated the apostolic constitution "Pastor bonus" on 28 June 1988. It instituted a number of reforms in the process of running the Roman Curia. "Pastor bonus" laid out in considerable detail the organisation of the Roman Curia, specifying precisely the names and composition of each dicastery, and enumerating the competencies of each dicastery. It replaced the previous special law, "Regimini Ecclesiæ universæ", which was promulgated by Paul VI in 1967.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 11 October 1992, in his apostolic constitution "Fidei depositum" ("The Deposit of Faith"), John Paul ordered the publication of the "Catechism of the Catholic Church".

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: He declared the publication to be "a sure norm for teaching the faith … a sure and authentic reference text for teaching Catholic doctrine and particularly for preparing local catechisms". It was "meant to encourage and assist in the writing of new local catechisms [both applicable and faithful]" rather than replacing them.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II has been credited with inspiring political change that not only led to the collapse of Communism in his native Poland and eventually all of Eastern Europe, but also in many countries ruled by dictators. In the words of Joaquín Navarro-Valls, John Paul II's press secretary:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Before John Paul II's pilgrimage to Latin America, during a meeting with reporters, he criticised Augusto Pinochet's regime as "dictatorial". In the words of "The New York Times", he used "unusually strong language" to criticise Pinochet and asserted to journalists that the church in Chile must not only pray, but actively fight for the restoration of democracy in Chile.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Some have erroneously accused John Paul II of affirming Pinochet's regime by appearing with the Chilean ruler in public. However, Cardinal Roberto Tucci, the organiser of John Paul II's visits, revealed that Pinochet tricked the pontiff by telling him he would take him to his living room, while in reality he took him to his balcony. Tucci says that the pontiff was "furious".

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II visited Haiti on 9 March 1983, when the country was ruled by Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier. He bluntly criticised the poverty of the country, directly addressing Baby Doc and his wife, Michèle Bennett in front of a large crowd of Haitians:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Yours is a beautiful country, rich in human resources, but Christians cannot be unaware of the injustice, the excessive inequality, the degradation of the quality of life, the misery, the hunger, the fear suffered by the majority of the people.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II's visit inspired massive protests against the Duvalier dictatorship. In response to the visit, 860 Catholic priests and church workers signed a statement committing the church to work on behalf of the poor. In 1986, Duvalier was deposed in an uprising.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The collapse of the dictatorship of General Alfredo Stroessner of Paraguay was linked, among other things, to John Paul II's visit to the South American country in May 1988. Since Stroessner's taking power through a coup d'état in 1954, Paraguay's bishops increasingly criticised the regime for human rights abuses, rigged elections, and the country's feudal economy. During his private meeting with Stroessner, John Paul II told the dictator:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Politics has a fundamental ethical dimension because it is first and foremost a service to man. The Church can and must remind men—and in particular those who govern—of their ethical duties for the good of the whole of society. The Church cannot be isolated inside its temples just as men's consciences cannot be isolated from God.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Later, during a Mass, John Paul II criticised the regime for impoverishing the peasants and the unemployed, saying that the government must give people greater access to the land. Although Stroessner tried to prevent him from doing so, John Paul II met opposition leaders in the one-party state.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In December 1989, John Paul II met with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev at the Vatican and each expressed his respect and admiration for the other. Gorbachev once said: "The collapse of the Iron Curtain would have been impossible without John Paul II." On John Paul II's death, Mikhail Gorbachev said: "Pope John Paul II's devotion to his followers is a remarkable example to all of us."

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 4 June 2004, US President George W. Bush presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honour, to John Paul II during a ceremony at the Apostolic Palace. The president read the citation that accompanied the medal, which recognised "this son of Poland" whose "principled stand for peace and freedom has inspired millions and helped to topple communism and tyranny".

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: After receiving the award, John Paul II said, "May the desire for freedom, peace, a more humane world symbolised by this medal inspire men and women of goodwill in every time and place."

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The SB then attempted to compromise Kraków priest Andrzej Bardecki, an editor of "Tygodnik Powszechny" and one of the closest friends of Cardinal Karol Wojtyła before he became pope, by planting false memoirs in his dwelling, but Piotrowski was exposed and the forgeries were found and destroyed before the SB could "discover" them.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II travelled extensively and met with believers from many divergent faiths. At the World Day of Prayer for Peace, held in Assisi on 27 October 1986, more than 120 representatives of different religions and denominations spent a day of fasting and prayer.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Although the contact between the Holy See and many Christians of the East had never totally ceased, communion had been interrupted since ancient times. Again, the history of conflict in Central Europe was a complex part of John Paul II's personal cultural heritage which made him all the more determined to react so as to attempt to overcome abiding difficulties, given that relatively speaking the Holy See and the non-Catholic Eastern Churches are close in many points of faith.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The pope had said throughout his pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, but this never occurred. He attempted to solve the problems that had arisen over centuries between the Catholic and Russian Orthodox churches, and in 2004 gave them a 1730 copy of the lost icon of Our Lady of Kazan.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Like his successors after him, John Paul II took a large number of initiatives to promote friendly relations, practical humanitarian cooperation and theological dialogue with a range of Protestant bodies. Of these the first in importance had to be with Lutheranism, given that the contention with Martin Luther and his followers was the most significant historical split in Western Christianity.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: From 15 to 19 November 1980, John Paul II visited West Germany on his first trip to a country with a large Lutheran Protestant population. In Mainz, he met with leaders of the Evangelical Church in Germany, and with representatives of other Christian denominations.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 11 December 1983, John Paul II participated in an ecumenical service in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Rome, the first papal visit ever to a Lutheran church. The visit took place 500 years after the birth of the German Martin Luther, who was first an Augustinian friar and subsequently a leading Protestant Reformer.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In his apostolic pilgrimage to Norway, Iceland, Finland, Denmark and Sweden of June 1989, John Paul II became the first pope to visit countries with Lutheran majorities. In addition to celebrating Mass with Catholic believers, he participated in ecumenical services at places that had been Catholic shrines before the Reformation: Nidaros Cathedral in Norway; near St. Olav's Church at Thingvellir in Iceland; Turku Cathedral in Finland; Roskilde Cathedral in Denmark; and Uppsala Cathedral in Sweden.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 31 October 1999, (the 482nd anniversary of Reformation Day, Martin Luther's posting of the 95 Theses), representatives of the Catholic Church's Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity and the Lutheran World Federation signed a Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, as a gesture of unity. The signing was a fruit of a theological dialogue that had been going on between the Lutheran World Federation and the Holy See since 1965.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Relations between Catholicism and Judaism improved dramatically during the pontificate of John Paul II. He spoke frequently about the Catholic Church's relationship with the Jewish faith. There can be little doubt that his attitude was shaped in part by his own experience of the terrible fate of the Jews in Poland and the rest of Central Europe in the 1930s and 1940s.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1979, John Paul II visited the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland, where many of his compatriots (mostly Jews) had perished during the German occupation there in World War II, the first pope to do so. In 1998, he issued "We Remember: A Reflection on the Shoah", which outlined his thinking on the Holocaust. He became the first pope known to have made an official papal visit to a synagogue, when he visited the Great Synagogue of Rome on 13 April 1986.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 30 December 1993, John Paul II established formal diplomatic relations between the Holy See and the State of Israel, acknowledging its centrality in Jewish life and faith.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: We are deeply saddened by the behaviour of those who in the course of history have caused these children of yours to suffer, and asking your forgiveness we wish to commit ourselves to genuine brotherhood with the people of the Covenant.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In October 2003, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) issued a statement congratulating John Paul II on entering the 25th year of his papacy. In January 2005, John Paul II became the first pope known to receive a priestly blessing from a rabbi, when Rabbis Benjamin Blech, Barry Dov Schwartz, and Jack Bemporad visited the Pontiff at Clementine Hall in the Apostolic Palace.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: With Judaism, therefore, we have a relationship which we do not have with any other religion. You are our dearly beloved brothers, and in a certain way, it could be said that you are our "elder" brothers.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In an interview with the Polish Press Agency, Michael Schudrich, chief rabbi of Poland, said that never in history did anyone do as much for Christian-Jewish dialogue as John Paul II, adding that many Jews had a greater respect for the late pope than for some rabbis. Schudrich praised John Paul II for condemning anti-Semitism as a sin, which no previous pope had done.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On John Paul II's beatification the Chief Rabbi of Rome Riccardo Di Segni said in an interview with the Vatican newspaper "L'Osservatore Romano" that "John Paul II was revolutionary because he tore down a thousand-year wall of Catholic distrust of the Jewish world." Meanwhile, Elio Toaff, the former Chief Rabbi of Rome, said that:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In his book-length interview "Crossing the Threshold of Hope" with the Italian journalist Vittorio Messori published in 1995, John Paul II draws parallels between animism and Christianity. He says:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1985, the pope visited the African country of Togo, where 60 per cent of the population espouses animist beliefs. To honour the pope, animist religious leaders met him at a Catholic Marian shrine in the forest, much to the pontiff's delight. John Paul II proceeded to call for the need for religious tolerance, praised nature, and emphasised common elements between animism and Christianity, saying:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Nature, exuberant and splendid in this area of forests and lakes, impregnates spirits and hearts with its mystery and orients them spontaneously toward the mystery of He who is the author of life. It is this religious sentiment that animates you and one can say that animates all of your compatriots.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: During the investiture of President Thomas Boni Yayi of Benin as a titled Yoruba chieftain on 20 December 2008, the reigning Ooni of Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Olubuse II, referred to John Paul II as a previous recipient of the same royal honour.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: He officially supported the project of the Great Mosque in Rome and participated in the inauguration in 1995.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II oversaw the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, which makes a special provision for Muslims; therein, it is written, "together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind's judge on the last day."

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1995, John Paul II held a meeting with 21 Jains, organised by the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue. He praised Mohandas Gandhi for his "unshakeable faith in God", assured the Jains that the Catholic Church will continue to engage in dialogue with their religion and spoke of the common need to aid the poor. The Jain leaders were impressed with the pope's "transparency and simplicity", and the meeting received much attention in the Gujarat state in western India, home to many Jains.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Could I forget that the event in St. Peter's Square took place on the day and at the hour when the first appearance of the Mother of Christ to the poor little peasants has been remembered for over sixty years at Fátima, Portugal? For in everything that happened to me on that very day, I felt that extraordinary motherly protection and care, which turned out to be stronger than the deadly bullet.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Ağca was caught and restrained by a nun and other bystanders until police arrived. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. Two days after Christmas in 1983, John Paul II visited Ağca in prison. John Paul II and Ağca spoke privately for about twenty minutes. John Paul II said, "What we talked about will have to remain a secret between him and me. I spoke to him as a brother whom I have pardoned and who has my complete trust."

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II apologised to many groups that had suffered at the hands of the Catholic Church through the years. Before becoming pope he had been a prominent editor and supporter of initiatives such as the Letter of Reconciliation of the Polish Bishops to the German Bishops from 1965. As pope, he officially made public apologies for over 100 wrongdoings, including:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The Great Jubilee of the year 2000 included a day of Prayer for Forgiveness of the Sins of the Church on 12 March 2000.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 20 November 2001, from a laptop in the Vatican, John Paul II sent his first e-mail apologising for the Catholic sex abuse cases, the church-backed "Stolen Generations" of Aboriginal children in Australia, and to China for the behaviour of Catholic missionaries in colonial times.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II was hospitalised with breathing problems caused by a bout of influenza on 1 February 2005. He left the hospital on 10 February, but was subsequently hospitalised again with breathing problems two weeks later and underwent a tracheotomy.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: He had no close family by the time of his death; his feelings are reflected in his words written in 2000 at the end of his Last Will and Testament. Stanisław Dziwisz later said he had not burned the pontiff's personal notes despite the request being part of the will.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The death of the pontiff set in motion rituals and traditions dating back to medieval times. The Rite of Visitation took place from 4 April 2005 to 7 April 2005 at St. Peter's Basilica. John Paul II's testament, published on 7 April 2005, revealed that the pontiff contemplated being buried in his native Poland but left the final decision to The College of Cardinals, which in passing, preferred burial beneath St. Peter's Basilica, honouring the pontiff's request to be placed "in bare earth".

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The Dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, conducted the ceremony. John Paul II was interred in the grottoes under the basilica, the Tomb of the Popes. He was lowered into a tomb created in the same alcove previously occupied by the remains of John XXIII. The alcove had been empty since John XXIII's remains had been moved into the main body of the basilica after his beatification.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In early 2006, it was reported that the Vatican was investigating a possible miracle associated with John Paul II. Sister Marie Simon-Pierre, a French nun and member of the Congregation of Little Sisters of Catholic Maternity Wards, confined to her bed by

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Parkinson's disease, was reported to have experienced a "complete and lasting cure after members of her community prayed for the intercession of Pope John Paul II". , Sister Marie-Simon-Pierre, then 46, was working again at a maternity hospital run by her religious institute.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: "I was sick and now I am cured," she told reporter Gerry Shaw. "I am cured, but it is up to the church to say whether it was a miracle or not."

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 28 May 2006, Pope Benedict XVI celebrated Mass before an estimated 900,000 people in John Paul II's native Poland. During his homily, he encouraged prayers for the early canonisation of John Paul II and stated that he hoped canonisation would happen "in the near future".

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In July 2012, a Colombian man, Marco Fidel Rojas, the former mayor of Huila, Colombia, testified that he was "miraculously cured" of Parkinson's disease after a trip to Rome where he met John Paul II and prayed with him. Dr. Antonio Schlesinger Piedrahita, a renowned neurologist in Colombia, certified Fidel's healing. The documentation was then sent to the Vatican office for sainthood causes.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In September 2020, Poland unveiled a sculpture of him in Warsaw, designed by and installed outside the National Museum, holding up a meteorite. In the same month, a relic containing his blood was stolen from the Spoleto Cathedral in Italy.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: To be eligible for canonisation (being declared a saint) by the Catholic Church, two miracles must be attributed to a candidate.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The first miracle attributed to John Paul was the above mentioned healing of a man's Parkinson's disease, which was recognised during the beatification process. According to an article on the Catholic News Service (CNS) dated 23 April 2013, a Vatican commission of doctors concluded that a healing had no natural (medical) explanation, which is the first requirement for a claimed miracle to be officially documented.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 4 July 2013, Pope Francis confirmed his approval of John Paul II's canonisation, formally recognising the second miracle attributed to his intercession. He was canonised together with John XXIII. The date of the canonisation was on 27 April 2014, Divine Mercy Sunday.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The canonisation Mass for Pope John Paul II and Pope John XXIII, was celebrated by Pope Francis (with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI), on 27 April 2014 in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican (John Paul II had died on vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday in 2005). About 150 cardinals and 700 bishops concelebrated the Mass, and at least 500,000 people attended the Mass, with an estimated 300,000 others watching from video screens placed around Rome.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: On 10 October 2019, the Archdiocese of Krakow and the Polish Bishops' Conference approved "nihil obstat" the opening of the beatification cause of the parents of its patron saint John Paul II, Karol Wojtyła Sr. and Emilia Kaczorowska. It gained approval from the Holy See to open the diocesan phase of the cause on 7 May 2020.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II was widely criticised for a variety of his views. He was a target of criticism from progressives for his opposition to the ordination of women and use of contraception, and from Traditional Catholics for his support for the Second Vatican Council and its reform of the liturgy. John Paul II's response to child sexual abuse within the church has also come under heavy censure.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Priests and candidates for the priesthood often live at a level both materially and educationally superior to that of their families and the members of their own age group. It is therefore very easy for them to succumb to the temptation of thinking of themselves as better than others. When this happens, the ideal of priestly service and self-giving dedication can fade, leaving the priest dissatisfied and disheartened.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: The pope read a statement intended for the American cardinals, calling the sex abuse "an appalling sin" and said the priesthood had no room for such men.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 2002, Archbishop Juliusz Paetz, the Catholic Archbishop of Poznań, was accused of molesting seminarians. John Paul II accepted his resignation, and placed sanctions on him, prohibiting Paetz from exercising his ministry as bishop. It was reported that these restrictions were lifted, though Vatican spokesperson Federico Lombardi strenuously denied this saying "his rehabilitation was without foundation".

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 2004, John Paul II recalled Bernard Francis Law to be Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome. Law had previously resigned as archbishop of Boston in 2002 in response to the Catholic Church sexual abuse cases after church documents were revealed that suggested he had covered up sexual abuse committed by priests in his archdiocese. Law resigned from this position in November 2011.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In a 2019 interview with Mexican television, Pope Francis defended John Paul II's legacy on protecting minors against clerical sexual abuse. He said that John Paul II was "often misled," as in the case of Hans Hermann Groër. Francis said that with respect to the case of Marcial Maciel:

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: "Ratzinger was courageous, and so was John Paul II. [...] With respect to John Paul II, we have to understand certain attitudes because he came from a closed world, from behind the Iron Curtain, where communism was still in force. There was a defensive mentality. We have to understand this well, and no one can doubt the saintliness of this great man and his good will. He was great, he was great."

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II was criticised for his support of the Opus Dei prelature and the 2002 canonisation of its founder, Josemaría Escrivá, whom he called "the saint of ordinary life". Other movements and religious organisations of the church went decidedly under his wing Legion of Christ, the Neocatechumenal Way, Schoenstatt, the charismatic movement, etc. And he was accused repeatedly of taking a soft hand with them, especially in the case of Marcial Maciel, founder of the Legion of Christ.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: In 1984 John Paul II appointed Joaquín Navarro-Valls, a member of Opus Dei, as Director of the Vatican Press Office. An Opus Dei spokesman said that "the influence of Opus Dei in the Vatican has been exaggerated". Of the nearly 200 cardinals in the Catholic Church, only two are known to be members of Opus Dei.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul II was alleged to have links with Banco Ambrosiano, an Italian bank that collapsed in 1982. At the centre of the bank's failure was its chairman, Roberto Calvi, and his membership in the illegal Masonic Lodge Propaganda Due (aka P2). The Vatican Bank was Banco Ambrosiano's main shareholder, and the death of John Paul I in 1978 is rumoured to be linked to the Ambrosiano scandal.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Calvi, often referred to as "God's Banker", was also involved with the Vatican Bank, Istituto per le Opere di Religione, and was close to Bishop Paul Marcinkus, the bank's chairman. Ambrosiano also provided funds for political parties in Italy, and for both the Somoza dictatorship in Nicaragua and its Sandinista opposition. It has been widely alleged that the Vatican Bank provided money for Solidarity in Poland.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: There was strong criticism of the pope for the controversy surrounding the alleged use of charitable social programmes as a means of converting people in the Third World to Catholicism. The pope created an uproar in the Indian subcontinent when he suggested that a great harvest of faith would be witnessed on the subcontinent in the third Christian millennium.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul visited General Augusto Pinochet, Chile's military ruler. According to the United Press International, "Pope John Paul II preached the need for peaceful change and greater participation up and down Chile...but stayed away from direct confrontation with Gen. Augusto Pinochet's military regime...disappointing Pinochet's opponents who had hoped the pope would publicly condemn the regime and bless their campaign for a return to democracy."

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: John Paul endorsed Pío Cardinal Laghi, who critics say supported the "Dirty War" in Argentina and was on friendly terms with the Argentine generals of the military dictatorship, playing regular tennis matches with Navy's representative in the junta, Admiral Emilio Eduardo Massera.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: After the 2020 report about the handling of the sexual misconduct complaints against Theodore McCarrick, some called for John Paul II's sainthood to be revoked.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


Pope John Paul II

Context: Having played the game himself as a goalkeeper, John Paul II was a fan of English football team Liverpool, where his compatriot Jerzy Dudek played in the same position.

Question: Что закончил Святой Иоа́нн Па́вел II?


United Nations Security Council

Context: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter. Its powers include establishing peacekeeping operations, enacting international sanctions, and authorizing military action. The UNSC is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions on member states.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: Resolutions of the Security Council are typically enforced by UN peacekeepers, which consist of military forces voluntarily provided by member states and funded independently of the main UN budget. , there have been 12 peacekeeping missions with over 87,000 personnel from 121 countries, with a total budget of approximately $6.3 billion.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: On 25 April 1945, the UN Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco, attended by 50 governments and a number of non-governmental organizations involved in drafting the United Nations Charter. At the conference, H. V. Evatt of the Australian delegation pushed to further restrict the veto power of Security Council permanent members. Due to the fear that rejecting the strong veto would cause the conference's failure, his proposal was defeated twenty votes to ten.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five then-permanent members of the Security Council and by a majority of the other 46 signatories. On 17 January 1946, the Security Council met for the first time at Church House, Westminster, in London, United Kingdom.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: In November/December 2014, Egypt presented a motion proposing an expansion of the NPT (non-Proliferation Treaty), to include Israel and Iran; this proposal was due to increasing hostilities and destruction in the Middle-East connected to the Syrian Conflict as well as others. All members of the Security Council are signatory to the NPT, and all permanent members are nuclear weapons states.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: The Security Council's five permanent members, below, have the power to veto any substantive resolution; this allows a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, but not to prevent or end debate.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: The block of Western democratic and generally aligned permanent members (France, the UK and the US) is styled as the "P3".

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: In the negotiations leading up to the creation of the UN, the veto power was opposed by many small countries and was in fact forced on them by the veto nations—the United States, the United Kingdom, China, France, and the Soviet Union—by threatening that the UN would otherwise not be founded. Here is a description of the situation by Francis O. Wilcox, an adviser to the US delegation to the 1945 conference:

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: , 269 vetoes had been cast since the Security Council's inception. In this period, China used the veto 9 times, France 18, the Soviet Union or Russia 128, the United Kingdom 32, and the United States 89. Roughly two-thirds of Soviet and Russian combined vetoes were in the first ten years of the Security Council's existence. Between 1996 and 2012,

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: the United States vetoed 13 resolutions, Russia 7, and China 5, while France and the United Kingdom did not use the veto.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: Along with the five permanent members, the Security Council of the United Nations has temporary members that hold their seats on a rotating basis by geographic region. Non-permanent members may be involved in global security briefings. In its first two decades, the Security Council had six non-permanent members, the first of which were Australia, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, the Netherlands and Poland. In 1965, the number of non-permanent members was expanded to ten.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: During the 2016 United Nations Security Council election, neither Italy nor the Netherlands met the required two-thirds majority for election. They subsequently agreed to split the term of the Western European and Others Group. It was the first time in over five decades that two members agreed to do so. Usually, intractable deadlocks are resolved by the candidate countries withdrawing in favour of a third member state.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: The role of president of the Security Council involves setting the agenda, presiding at its meetings and overseeing any crisis. The president is authorized to issue both Presidential Statements (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes, which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue. The presidency of the council is held by each of the members in turn for one month, following the English alphabetical order of the member states' names.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: Unlike the General Assembly, the Security Council is not bound to sessions. Each Security Council member must have a representative available at UN Headquarters at all times in case an emergency meeting becomes necessary.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: The Security Council generally meets in a designated chamber in the United Nations Conference Building in New York City. The chamber was designed by the Norwegian architect Arnstein Arneberg and was a gift from Norway. The United Nations Security Council mural by Norwegian artist Per Krohg (1952) depicts a phoenix rising from its ashes, symbolic of the world's rebirth after World War II.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: Because of the public nature of meetings in the Security Council Chamber delegations use the chamber to voice their positions in different ways, such as for example with walkouts.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: Due to the public scrutiny of the Security Council Chamber, much of the work of the Security Council is conducted behind closed doors in "informal consultations".

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: After approval by the Security Council, the UN may send peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are voluntarily provided by member states. These soldiers are sometimes nicknamed "Blue Helmets" for their distinctive gear. The peacekeeping force as a whole received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: UN peacekeepers have also drawn criticism in several postings. Peacekeepers have been accused of child rape, soliciting prostitutes, or sexual abuse during various peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan and what is now South Sudan, Burundi and Ivory Coast. Scientists cited UN peacekeepers from Nepal as the likely source of the 2010–2013 Haiti cholera outbreak, which killed more than 8,000 Haitians following the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: In his 2009 speech, Muammar Gaddafi criticized the Security Council's veto powers and the wars permanent members of the Security Council engaged in.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: The UN Charter gives all three powers of the legislative, executive and judiciary branches to the Security Council.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: In his inaugural speech at the 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in August 2012, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei criticized the United Nations Security Council as having an "illogical, unjust and completely undemocratic structure and mechanism" and called for a complete reform of the body.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: The Security Council has been criticized for failure in resolving many conflicts, including Cyprus, Sri Lanka, Syria, Kosovo, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, reflecting the wider short-comings of the UN.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: For example; at the 68th Session of the UN General Assembly, New Zealand Prime Minister John Key heavily criticized the UN's inaction on Syria, more than two years after the Syrian civil war began.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: Proposals to reform the Security Council began with the conference that wrote the UN Charter and have continued to the present day. As British historian Paul Kennedy writes, "Everyone agrees that the present structure is flawed. But consensus on how to fix it remains out of reach."

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: There has been discussion of increasing the number of permanent members. The countries which have made the strongest demands for permanent seats are Brazil, Germany, India and Japan. Japan and Germany, the main defeated powers in WWII, had been the UN's second- and third-largest funders, respectively, before China took over as the second largest funder in recent years, while Brazil and India are two of the largest contributors of troops to UN-mandated peace-keeping missions.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


United Nations Security Council

Context: In 2017, it was reported that the G4 nations were willing temporarily to forgo veto power if granted permanent UNSC seats. In September 2017, US Representatives Ami Bera and Frank Pallone introduced a resolution (H.Res.535) in the US House of Representatives (115th United States Congress), seeking support for India for permanent membership of the United Nations Security Council and India should be a permament member which will represent 1.4 billion people at the United Nations.

Question: Когда был основан Совет Безопасности ООН?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: Andriy Petrovych Klyuyev (), also spelled as Andrii Kliuiev, is a Ukrainian businessman and politician, who was ranked as 7th "Most influential person in Ukraine" in 2011 by "Korrespondent".

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: Klyuyev is a former head of the Presidential Administration of Ukraine. Prior to this, he was Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine for two years. His brother Serhiy Klyuyev is also a politician and businessman.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: Andriy Klyuyev graduated from the Mining College of the Donetsk Politech Institute as a mining automation and mechanization engineer. He also earned his Candidate of Technical Sciences post-graduate degree in 1989.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: Klyuyev started working in 1983 as an underground miner at Zasyadko coal mine, before becoming a foreman at the Gorki Mine in 1984. After graduation he worked as the deputy chief and then Chief of Mine Transport at Bilorichenska Mine (Voroshylovhradvuhillya state holding in Luhansk Oblast). From 1986 to 1991 Klyuyev conducted full-time postgraduate research at his alma mater.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: From 1991 to 1994, Klyuyev headed several coal mining-related machine building companies, including "Ukrpidshipnyk" SC. Since March 2011, Ukrpodshipnik is headquartered in the same building in Ukraine as Activ Solar's Ukraine representative.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: Klyuyev and his younger brother, Serhiy Klyuyev, sold Active Bank in March 2013, as all stakes in the solar business were sold in 2008 already.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: Klyuyev has been repeatedly accused by journalists of being "a shadowy oligarch" with business links to (former President) Viktor Yanukovych's family, allegedly using his power to secure multi-billion contracts.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: Andrii and Serhiy Klyuyev were the principal beneficiaries in the Austrian holding company SLAV AG. As of February 2014, the Klyuyev brothers relationships with other entities can be found online.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: In March 2016, the Klyuyev brothers' company SLAV Handel applied for bankruptcy in Vienna at the International Court of Arbitration of Vienna International Chamber of Commerce.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: Starting in 1994, Klyuyev was a deputy chairman of the Donetsk Oblast Executive Council. From November 1995 to April 1996 he was a Deputy Head of the Donetsk Oblast State Administration, responsible for local development, trade, and consumer goods production.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: On March 11, 2010, Klyuyev was appointed the First Vice-Prime Minister in the Azarov Government, and after the Yanukovych administrative reform on December 9, 2010 he also has accepted the assignment of the Minister of Economic Development and Trade.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: In June 2019, the Central Election Commission of Ukraine refused Klyuyev to register for the 21 July 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election as a candidate for the Liberal Party of Ukraine in Electoral District 46 situated in Donetsk Oblast because he had not lived in Ukraine for 5 years.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: For his roles in destabilizing Ukraine, his role in the Victor Yanukovych government, his support for pro-Russia individuals and entities in Ukraine, abuse of office, and for embezzlement of public funds, Klyuyev is under sanctions by Switzerland since February 26, 2014, by Lichtenstein since March 3, 2014, by the European Union since March 6, 2014, by Canada since July 20, 2015, and by the United States, also since July 30, 2015.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


Andriy Klyuyev

Context: On February 21, 2018, his younger brother Serhiy had some EU sanctions removed for the 2017–2018 period, and later, in July 2018, Andrii Kliuiev had some EU sanctions lifted for 2017–2018. However, his accounts in the EU are still frozen until March 9, 2019, because of ongoing EU sanctions.

Question: Какой партии принадлежит Андрей Петрович Клюев на апрель 2019?


List of Mikoyan and MiG aircraft

Context: This is a list of aircraft produced by Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG, previously Mikoyan, a Russian aircraft manufacturer.

Question: Когда был выпущен первый МиГ-2?


M3 highway (Russia)

Context: The highway starts at the crossing of Leninsky Prospekt and Moscow Ring Road as Kiyevskoye Highway, passes south of Solntsevo and Vnukovo, then continues westward through Kaluga, Bryansk and Sevsk to the Ukrainian border. After crossing the border, the road continues as the Ukrainian M02 route to Kyiv.

Question: Как далеко от Киева до Москвы?


History of the Church of England

Context: In the 1700s and 1800s, revival movements contributed to the rise of Evangelical Anglicanism. In the 19th century, the Oxford Movement gave rise to Anglo-Catholicism, a movement that emphasises the Church of England's Catholic heritage. As the British Empire grew, Anglican churches were established in other parts of the world. These churches consider the Church of England to be a mother church, and it maintains a leading role in the Anglican Communion.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: There is evidence for Christianity in Roman Britain as early as the 3rd century. The inhabitants of the island developed a distinctive Christian tradition known as Celtic Christianity. The Roman Empire ceased to govern Britain after 409. Thereafter, the Romano-British were conquered by Germanic peoples known collectively as Anglo-Saxons. The new inhabitants practiced Anglo-Saxon paganism, and the Celtic Church was confined to Cornwall and Wales.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: By 1000, there were eighteen dioceses in England: Canterbury, Rochester, London, Winchester, Dorchester, Ramsbury, Sherborne, Selsey, Lichfield, Hereford, Worcester, Crediton, Cornwall, Elmham, Lindsey, Wells, York and Durham. To assist bishops in supervising the parishes and monasteries within their dioceses, the office of archdeacon was created. Once a year, the bishop would summon parish priests to the cathedral for a synod.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: In the late Middle Ages, Catholicism was an essential part of English life and culture. The 9,000 parishes covering all of England were overseen by a hierarchy of deaneries, archdeaconries, dioceses led by bishops, and ultimately the pope who presided over the Catholic Church from Rome.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: Protestantism had made inroads in England from 1520 onwards, but Protestants had been a persecuted minority considered heretics by both church and state. By 1534, they were Henry's greatest allies. He even chose the Protestant Thomas Cranmer to be Archbishop of Canterbury in 1533.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: In June 1553, the Church promulgated a Protestant doctrinal statement, the Forty-Two Articles. It affirmed predestination and denied the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist But three weeks later, Edward was dead.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: When Queen Mary died childless in November 1558, her half-sister became Queen Elizabeth I. The first task was to settle England's religious conflicts. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement established how the Church of England would worship and how it was to be governed. In essence, the Church was returned to where it stood in 1553 before Edward's death. The Act of Supremacy made the monarch the Church's supreme governor. The Act of Uniformity restored a slightly altered 1552 "Book of Common Prayer".

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: Clergy faced fines and imprisonment for refusing to use the liturgy. As Roman Catholics, all the bishops except one refused to swear the Oath of Supremacy and were deprived of office. Recusants were Roman Catholics who refused to attend Church of England services as required by law. Recusancy was punishable by fines of £20 a month (fifty times an artisan's wage). "Church papists" were Roman Catholics who outwardly conformed to the established church while maintaining their Catholic faith in secret.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: The prayer book's eucharistic theology was vague. The words of administration neither affirmed nor denied the real presence. Perhaps, a spiritual presence was implied, since Article 28 of the Thirty-nine Articles taught that the body of Christ was eaten "only after an heavenly and spiritual manner". Nevertheless, there was enough ambiguity to allow later theologians to articulate various versions of Anglican eucharistic theology.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: With the Restoration of Charles II, Anglicanism too was restored in a form not far removed from the Elizabethan version. One difference was that the ideal of encompassing all the people of England in one religious organisation, taken for granted by the Tudors, had to be abandoned. The 1662 revision of the Book of Common Prayer became the unifying text of the ruptured and repaired Church after the disaster that was the civil war.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: The history of Anglicanism since the 17th century has been one of greater geographical and cultural expansion and diversity, accompanied by a concomitant diversity of liturgical and theological profession and practice.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: The growth of the twin "revivals" in 19th century Anglicanism—Evangelical and Catholic—was hugely influential. The Evangelical Revival informed important social movements such as the abolition of slavery, child welfare legislation, prohibition of alcohol, the development of public health and public education. It led to the creation of the Church Army, an evangelical and social welfare association and informed piety and liturgy, most notably in the development of Methodism.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: In addition to local endowments and pew rentals, Church financing came from a few government grants, and especially from voluntary contributions. The result was that some old rural parishes were well funded, and most of the rapidly growing urban parishes were underfunded.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: The current form of military chaplain dates from the era of the First World War. A chaplain provides spiritual and pastoral support for service personnel, including the conduct of religious services at sea or in the field. The Army Chaplains Department was granted the prefix "Royal" in recognition of the chaplains' wartime service. The Chaplain General of the British Army was Bishop John Taylor Smith who held the post from 1901 to 1925.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: A movement towards unification with the Methodist Church in the 1960s failed to pass through all the required stages on the Anglican side, being rejected by the General Synod in 1972. This was initiated by the Methodists and welcomed on the part of the Anglicans but full agreement on all points could not be reached.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: However, when Margaret actually did divorce (Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon), in 1978, the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Donald Coggan, did not attack her, and instead offered support.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: On 12 March 1994 the Church of England ordained its first female priests. On 11 July 2005 a vote was passed by the Church of England's General Synod in York to allow women's ordination as bishops. Both of these events were subject to opposition from some within the church who found difficulties in accepting them. Adjustments had to be made in the diocesan structure to accommodate those parishes unwilling to accept the ministry of women priests. (See women's ordination)

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: The first black archbishop of the Church of England, John Sentamu, formerly of Uganda, was enthroned on 30 November 2005 as Archbishop of York.

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?


History of the Church of England

Context: In 2010, for the first time in the history of the Church of England, more women than men were ordained as priests (290 women and 273 men).

Question: Из-за какого события Английская церковь отделилась от католичества?