Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: On 14 August 2018, Ramaphosa appointed Dr. Silas Ramaite as the Acting National Director of Public Prosecutions (NDPP) following the ruling by the Constitutional Court that Director Shaun Abrahams had been appointed unlawfully by the former president, Jacob Zuma.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: South Africa made world headlines because of attacks against foreign nationals within the borders of the country, with many South Africans blaming foreign nationals for the country's socio-economic issues.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: On 10 June 2021, Ramaphosa announced that his government would raise the threshold for the amount of electricity that private companies could produce without a license - from 1 Megawatt to 100 Megwatts. The decision was taken in order to respond to the increasing challenges faced by the country during the ongoing energy crisis, and to give "oomph" in Ramaphosa's words, to South Africa's economic recovery.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: On 11 February 2022, Ramaphosa announces that his government will formalise the South African cannabis industry, seeking to grow both production and exports.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Ramaphosa launched the Youth Employment Service (YES) initiative as a means to employ one million youth and giving them more experience in the working field, with the South African Government even introducing the Employment Tax Incentive, which would reduce employer's costs when hiring youth.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: On 14 August 2018, President Ramaphosa addressed the launch of the Sanitation Appropriate For Education (SAFE) initiative in Pretoria to respond to the sanitary challenges facing the country's poorest schools.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Ramaphosa made his first international trip as President of South Africa to the Republic of Angola and met with President João Lourenço in his capacity as chairperson of the SADC to talk about peace and defence.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: On 20 March 2018, Ramaphosa made a trip to Kigali, Rwanda along with Foreign Minister Lindiwe Sisulu, and met with President Paul Kagame and spoke about restoring relations between South Africa and Rwanda, later participating as panelists on the African Continental Free Trade Area Business Forum (ACFTABF) ahead of the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit. The following day, Ramaphosa signed the Kigali Declaration on the establishment of the ACFTABF at the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Ramaphosa hosted the 11th BRICS summit for 25–27 July 2018, at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: In January 2019, Ramaphosa congratulated Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro following his second inauguration.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: On 10 May 2021, Ramaphosa said that the ANC condemned "in the strongest possible terms" the potential evictions of Palestinian families from their homes in Israeli-occupied East Jerusalem and the "brutal attacks on Palestinian protesters" at Al-Aqsa Mosque.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Ramaphosa has been internationally praised for his response to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa with the BBC commenting that, in this regard, "Ramaphosa has emerged as a formidable leader — composed, compassionate, but seized by the urgency of the moment." In October 2020, Ramaphosa began a period of self-isolation after a guest at a dinner party he attended tested positive for coronavirus.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: On 12 December 2021, Minister in the Presidency, Mondli Gungubele announced that Ramaphosa had tested positive for COVID-19, and deputy president, David Mabuza would take over "all responsibilities" for the following week.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Ramaphosa publicly declared in South Africa on 24 May 2018 that he would be donating half of his salary (R3.6 million annually) to charity in honour of late former South African president Nelson Mandela. He said the gesture was aimed at encouraging the wealthy to dedicate some of their pay to help build the nation. The donation was set to be managed by the Nelson Mandela Foundation (NMF).

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: In 2011, Ramaphosa paid for a 20-year master franchise agreement to run 145 McDonald's restaurants in South Africa. Shortly after the 2014 general election, Ramaphosa announced that he was going to disinvest from Shanduka to fulfil his new responsibilities as deputy president without the possibility of conflict of interest. McDonald's South Africa announced that there would be a process underway to replace Ramaphosa as the current development licensee of the fast-food chain operation in South Africa.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: In 2014, after Ramaphosa became Deputy President of South Africa, the Register of Members' Interests, tabled in Parliament, revealed his wealth. Over and above the more than R76 million he had accumulated in the company shares, the documents showed that he owned 30 properties in Johannesburg and two apartments in Cape Town. The register also confirmed Ramaphosa's resignation from his directorship at Lonmin, for which he had been criticised over the Marikana massacre in 2012.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: In 2017, Ramaphosa co-wrote a book on the breed, "Cattle of the Ages, Stories, and Portraits of the Ankole Cattle of Southern Africa".

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: During the Marikana Commission, it also emerged that Lonmin management solicited Ramaphosa, as Lonmin shareholder and ANC heavyweight, to coordinate "concomitant action" against "criminal" protesters and therefore is seen by many as being responsible for the massacre.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Under the investigation of Farlam committee, Ramaphosa said that Lonmin lobbied government and the SAPS firstly to secure a massive police presence at Lonmin and secondly to characterise what was taking place as a criminal rather than an industrial relations event.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: The Marikana Commission of Inquiry ultimately found that given the deaths that had already occurred, his intervention did not cause the increase in police on site, nor did he know the operation would take place on 16 August.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: In August 2017, Ramaphosa was involved in a scandal that alleged he had been in several extramarital affairs and was involved in paying money to individuals while maintaining the affairs. Ramaphosa later denied the allegations claiming they were politically motivated to derail his presidential campaign.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: On 9 February 2020 about US$4-million in cash was stolen from President Cyril Ramaphosa’s Phala Phala game farm in Limpopo.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Among others, Ramaphosa has received honorary doctorates from the University of Natal, the University of Port Elizabeth, the University of Cape Town, the University of the North, the National University of Lesotho, National University of Ireland Galway the University of Massachusetts Boston and the University of Pennsylvania.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Ramaphosa was included in the 2007 "Time" 100, an annual list of 100 men and women whose power, talent or moral example is transforming the world.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Ramaphosa received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 2009, presented by Awards Council member Archbishop Desmond Tutu at an awards ceremony at St. George's Cathedral in Cape Town, South Africa.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: In his role as a businessman, Ramaphosa is a member of the Coca-Cola Company International Advisory Board as well as the Unilever Africa Advisory Council. He was also the first deputy chairman of the Commonwealth Business Council.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Along with the ex-president of Finland, Martti Ahtisaari, he was appointed an inspector of the Irish Republican Army weapon dumps in Northern Ireland. Ramaphosa is the honorary consul general for Iceland in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: Ramaphosa is a very private person and not much is known about his personal life. Ramaphosa was previously married to Hope Ramaphosa (1978–1989) with whom he has a son, and later married and divorced, the now late businesswoman Nomazizi Mtshotshisa (1991–1993). In 1996, he married Tshepo Motsepe, a medical doctor and the sister of South African mining billionaire Patrice Motsepe. Ramaphosa has five known children.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: He owns a luxury mansion at the foot of Lion's Head in Cape Town. Ramaphosa is known to be one of the richest people in South Africa, with an estimated net worth of more than $450 million and has appeared in financial magazines such as "Forbes Africa" and "Bloomberg".

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Cyril Ramaphosa

Context: He is a polyglot, and is known for including a variety of South African languages when delivering most of his speeches.

Question: বর্তমানে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার রাষ্ট্রপতি কে ?


Transport

Context: Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. In other words, the action of transport is defined as a particular movement of an organism or thing from a point A (a place in space) to a point B.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport enables trade between people, which is essential for the development of civilizations.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, and pipelines and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Means of transport are any of the different kinds of transport facilities used to carry people or cargo. They may include vehicles, riding animals, and pack animals. Vehicles may include wagons, automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, helicopters, watercraft, spacecraft, and aircraft.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: A mode of transport is a solution that makes use of a certain type of vehicle, infrastructure, and operation. The transport of a person or of cargo may involve one mode or several of the modes, with the latter case being called inter-modal or multi-modal transport. Each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages, and will be chosen on the basis of cost, capability, and route.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Governments deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose, including financing, legalities, and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use large amounts of land. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow and restrain urban sprawl.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Human-powered transport, a form of sustainable transport, is the transport of people and/or goods using human muscle-power, in the form of walking, running, and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to enhance human power. Human-powered transport remains popular for reasons of cost-saving, leisure, physical exercise, and environmentalism; it is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Although humans are able to walk without infrastructure, the transport can be enhanced through the use of roads, especially when using the human power with vehicles, such as bicycles and inline skates. Human-powered vehicles have also been developed for difficult environments, such as snow and water, by watercraft rowing and skiing; even the air can be entered with human-powered aircraft.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Animal-powered transport is the use of working animals for the movement of people and commodities. Humans may ride some of the animals directly, use them as pack animals for carrying goods, or harness them, alone or in teams, to pull sleds or wheeled vehicles.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: A fixed-wing aircraft, commonly called an airplane, is a heavier-than-air craft where movement of the air in relation to the wings is used to generate lift. The term is used to distinguish this from rotary-wing aircraft, where the movement of the lift surfaces relative to the air generates lift. A gyroplane is both fixed-wing and rotary wing. Fixed-wing aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large airliners and military cargo aircraft.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Two things necessary for aircraft are air flow over the wings for lift and an area for landing. The majority of aircraft also need an airport with the infrastructure for maintenance, restocking, and refueling and for the loading and unloading of crew, cargo, and passengers. While the vast majority of aircraft land and take off on land, some are capable of take-off and landing on ice, snow, and calm water.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: The aircraft is the second fastest method of transport, after the rocket. Commercial jets can reach up to , single-engine aircraft . Aviation is able to quickly transport people and limited amounts of cargo over longer distances, but incurs high costs and energy use; for short distances or in inaccessible places, helicopters can be used. As of April 28, 2009, "The Guardian" article notes that "the WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any time."

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Land transport covers all land-based transport systems that provide for the movement of people, goods, and services. Land transport plays a vital role in linking communities to each other. Land transport is a key factor in urban planning. It consists of two kinds, rail and road.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Rail transport is where a train runs along a set of two parallel steel rails, known as a railway or railroad. The rails are anchored perpendicular to ties (or sleepers) of timber, concrete, or steel, to maintain a consistent distance apart, or gauge. The rails and perpendicular beams are placed on a foundation made of concrete or compressed earth and gravel in a bed of ballast. Alternative methods include monorail and maglev.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: A road is an identifiable route, way, or path between two or more places. Roads are typically smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel; though they need not be, and historically many roads were simply recognizable routes without any formal construction or maintenance. In urban areas, roads may pass through a city or village and be named as streets, serving a dual function as urban space easement and route.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: The most common road vehicle is the automobile; a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. Other users of roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians. As of 2010, there were 1.015 billion automobiles worldwide.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Road transport offers complete freedom to road users to transfer the vehicle from one lane to the other and from one road to another according to the need and convenience. This flexibility of changes in location, direction, speed, and timings of travel is not available to other modes of transport. It is possible to provide door-to-door service only by road transport.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Automobiles provide high flexibility with low capacity, but require high energy and area use, and are the main source of harmful noise and air pollution in cities; buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility. Road transport by truck is often the initial and final stage of freight transport.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Water transport is movement by means of a watercraft—such as a barge, boat, ship, or sailboat—over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal, or river. The need for buoyancy is common to watercraft, making the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance, and appearance.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Although it is slow compared to other transport, modern sea transport is a highly efficient method of transporting large quantities of goods. Commercial vessels, nearly 35,000 in number, carried 7.4 billion tons of cargo in 2007. Transport by water is significantly less costly than air transport for transcontinental shipping; short sea shipping and ferries remain viable in coastal areas.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Pipeline transport sends goods through a pipe; most commonly liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes can also send solid capsules using compressed air. For liquids/gases, any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry, water, and beer, while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Cable transport is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an internal power source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions include aerial tramways, elevators, and ski lifts; some of these are also categorized as conveyor transport.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Spaceflight is transport out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space by means of a spacecraft. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely used except to put satellites into orbit and conduct scientific experiments. However, man has landed on the moon, and probes have been sent to all the planets of the Solar System.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Suborbital spaceflight is the fastest of the existing and planned transport systems from a place on Earth to a distant "other place" on Earth. Faster transport could be achieved through part of a low Earth orbit or by following that trajectory even faster, using the propulsion of the rocket to steer it.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Infrastructure is the fixed installations that allow a vehicle to operate. It consists of a roadway, a terminal, and facilities for parking and maintenance. For rail, pipeline, road, and cable transport, the entire way the vehicle travels must be constructed. Air and watercraft are able to avoid this, since the airway and seaway do not need to be constructed. However, they require fixed infrastructure at terminals.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Vehicles are most commonly staffed by a driver. However, some systems, such as people movers and some rapid transits, are fully automated. For passenger transport, the vehicle must have a compartment, seat, or platform for the passengers. Simple vehicles, such as automobiles, bicycles, or simple aircraft, may have one of the passengers as a driver.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: As the population of the world increases, cities grow in size and population—according to the United Nations, 55% of the world's population live in cities, and by 2050 this number is expected to rise to 68%. Public transport policy must evolve to meet the changing priorities of the urban world. The institution of policy enforces order in transport, which is by nature chaotic as people attempt to travel from one place to another as fast as possible. This policy helps to reduce accidents and save lives.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Relocation of travelers and cargo are the most common uses of transport. However, other uses exist, such as the strategic and tactical relocation of armed forces during warfare, or the civilian mobility construction or emergency equipment.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Passenger transport, or travel, is divided into public and private transport. Public transport is scheduled services on fixed routes, while private is vehicles that provide ad hoc services at the riders desire. The latter offers better flexibility, but has lower capacity and a higher environmental impact. Travel may be as part of daily commuting or for business, leisure, or migration.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Taxis and buses can be found on both ends of the public transport spectrum. Buses are the cheapest mode of transport but are not necessarily flexible, and taxis are very flexible but more expensive. In the middle is demand-responsive transport, offering flexibility whilst remaining affordable.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: International travel may be restricted for some individuals due to legislation and visa requirements.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: An ambulance is a vehicle used to transport people from or between places of treatment, and in some instances will also provide out-of-hospital medical care to the patient. The word is often associated with road-going "emergency ambulances", which form part of emergency medical services, administering emergency care to those with acute medical problems.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: "Air medical services" is a comprehensive term covering the use of air transport to move patients to and from healthcare facilities and accident scenes. Personnel provide comprehensive prehospital and emergency and critical care to all types of patients during aeromedical evacuation or rescue operations, aboard helicopters, propeller aircraft, or jet aircraft.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Air freight has become more common for products of high value; while less than one percent of world transport by volume is by airline, it amounts to forty percent of the value. Time has become especially important in regards to principles such as postponement and just-in-time within the value chain, resulting in a high willingness to pay for quick delivery of key components or items of high value-to-weight ratio. In addition to mail, common items sent by air include electronics and fashion clothing.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Other environmental impacts of transport systems include traffic congestion and automobile-oriented urban sprawl, which can consume natural habitat and agricultural lands. By reducing transport emissions globally, it is predicted that there will be significant positive effects on Earth's air quality, acid rain, smog, and climate change.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: While electric cars are being built to cut down CO2 emission at the point of use, an approach that is becoming popular among cities worldwide is to prioritize public transport, bicycles, and pedestrian movement. Redirecting vehicle movement to create 20-minute neighbourhoods that promotes exercise while greatly reducing vehicle dependency and pollution. Some policies are levying a congestion charge to cars for travelling within congested areas during peak time.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: There are various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that are promoting sustainable transport in order to meet the defined goals. These include SDG 3 on health (increased road safety), SDG 7 on energy, SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth, SDG 9 on resilient infrastructure, SDG 11 on sustainable cities (access to transport and expanded public transport), SDG 12 on sustainable consumption and production (ending fossil fuel subsidies), and SDG 14 on oceans, seas, and marine resources.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Humans' first ways to move included walking, running, and swimming. The domestication of animals introduced a new way to lay the burden of transport on more powerful creatures, allowing the hauling of heavier loads, or humans riding animals for greater speed and duration. Inventions such as the wheel and the sled (U.K. sledge) helped make animal transport more efficient through the introduction of vehicles.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: The first forms of road transport involved animals, such as horses (domesticated in the 4th or the 3rd millennium BCE), oxen (from about 8000 BCE), or humans carrying goods over dirt tracks that often followed game trails.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Many early civilizations, including those in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley, constructed paved roads. In classical antiquity, the Persian and Roman empires built stone-paved roads to allow armies to travel quickly. Deep roadbeds of crushed stone underneath kept such roads dry. The medieval Caliphate later built tar-paved roads.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: With the development of the combustion engine and the automobile around 1900, road transport became more competitive again, and mechanical private transport originated. The first "modern" highways were constructed during the 19th century with macadam. Later, tarmac and concrete became the dominant paving materials.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: In 1903 the Wright brothers demonstrated the first successful controllable airplane, and after World War I (1914–1918) aircraft became a fast way to transport people and express goods over long distances.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


Transport

Context: Early in U.S. history, private joint-stock corporations owned most aqueducts, bridges, canals, railroads, roads, and tunnels. Most such transport infrastructure came under government control in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, culminating in the nationalization of inter-city passenger rail-service with the establishment of Amtrak. Recently, however, a movement to privatize roads and other infrastructure has gained some ground and adherents.

Question: পরিবহণ শব্দটির অর্থ কী ?


National Games of China

Context: The forerunner of the Games was the Chinese National Games, first held in 1910 during the Qing dynasty. This tournament ran until 1948 and the competition was relaunched under its current name in 1959, following the formation of the People's Republic of China. On the other hand, the Chinese National Games continues to be held by the Republic of China which is now based in Taiwan.

Question: গণচীনের জাতীয় খেলা কী ?


Trojan War

Context: In later ages playwrights, historians, and other intellectuals would create works inspired by the Trojan War. The three great tragedians of Athens—Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides—wrote a number of dramas that portray episodes from the Trojan War. Among Roman writers the most important is the 1st century BC poet Virgil; in Book 2 of his "Aeneid", Aeneas narrates the sack of Troy.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: The following summary of the Trojan War follows the order of events as given in Proclus' summary, along with the "Iliad", "Odyssey", and "Aeneid", supplemented with details drawn from other authors.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: According to Greek mythology, Zeus had become king of the gods by overthrowing his father Cronus; Cronus in turn had overthrown his father Uranus. Zeus was not faithful to his wife and sister Hera, and had many relationships from which many children were born. Since Zeus believed that there were too many people populating the earth, he envisioned Momus or Themis, who was to use the Trojan War as a means to depopulate the Earth, especially of his demigod descendants.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Finally, one of the suitors, Odysseus of Ithaca, proposed a plan to solve the dilemma. In exchange for Tyndareus' support of his own suit towards Penelope, he suggested that Tyndareus require all of Helen's suitors to promise that they would defend the marriage of Helen, regardless of whom he chose. The suitors duly swore the required oath on the severed pieces of a horse, although not without a certain amount of grumbling.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Paris, under the guise of a supposed diplomatic mission, went to Sparta to get Helen and bring her back to Troy. Before Helen could look up to see him enter the palace, she was shot with an arrow from Eros, otherwise known as Cupid, and fell in love with Paris when she saw him, as promised by Aphrodite. Menelaus had left for Crete to bury his uncle, Crateus.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: According to one account, Hera, still jealous over the judgement of Paris, sent a storm. The storm caused the lovers to land in Egypt, where the gods replaced Helen with a likeness of her made of clouds, Nephele. The myth of Helen being switched is attributed to the 6th century BC Sicilian poet Stesichorus, while for Homer the Helen in Troy was one and the same. The ship then landed in Sidon. Paris, fearful of getting caught, spent some time there and then sailed to Troy.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Paris' abduction of Helen had several precedents. Io was taken from Mycenae, Europa was taken from Phoenicia, Jason took Medea from Colchis, and the Trojan princess Hesione had been taken by Heracles, who gave her to Telamon of Salamis. According to Herodotus, Paris was emboldened by these examples to steal himself a wife from Greece, and expected no retribution, since there had been none in the other cases.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: According to Homer, Menelaus and his ally, Odysseus, traveled to Troy, where they unsuccessfully sought to recover Helen by diplomatic means.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Menelaus then asked Agamemnon to uphold his oath, which, as one of Helen's suitors, was to defend her marriage regardless of which suitor had been chosen. Agamemnon agreed and sent emissaries to all the Achaean kings and princes to call them to observe their oaths and retrieve Helen.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Since Menelaus's wedding, Odysseus had married Penelope and fathered a son, Telemachus. In order to avoid the war, he feigned madness and sowed his fields with salt. Palamedes outwitted him by placing Telemachus, then an infant, in front of the plough's path. Odysseus turned aside, unwilling to kill his son, so revealing his sanity and forcing him to join the war.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: According to Homer, however, Odysseus supported the military adventure from the beginning, and traveled the region with Pylos' king, Nestor, to recruit forces.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Pausanias said that, according to Homer, Achilles did not hide in Skyros, but rather conquered the island, as part of the Trojan War.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: The Achaean forces first gathered at Aulis. All the suitors sent their forces except King Cinyras of Cyprus. Though he sent breastplates to Agamemnon and promised to send 50 ships, he sent only one real ship, led by the son of Mygdalion, and 49 ships made of clay. Idomeneus was willing to lead the Cretan contingent in Mycenae's war against Troy, but only as a co-commander, which he was granted. The last commander to arrive was Achilles, who was then 15 years old.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Following a sacrifice to Apollo, a snake slithered from the altar to a sparrow's nest in a plane tree nearby. It ate the mother and her nine chicks, then was turned to stone. Calchas interpreted this as a sign that Troy would fall in the tenth year of the war.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Some scholars have regarded the expedition against Telephus and its resolution as a derivative reworking of elements from the main story of the Trojan War, but it has also been seen as fitting the story-pattern of the "preliminary adventure" that anticipates events and themes from the main narrative, and therefore as likely to be "early and integral".

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Agamemnon refused, and the other commanders threatened to make Palamedes commander of the expedition. According to some versions, Agamemnon relented and performed the sacrifice, but others claim that he sacrificed a deer in her place, or that at the last moment, Artemis took pity on the girl, and took her to be a maiden in one of her temples, substituting a lamb. Hesiod says that Iphigenia became the goddess Hecate.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Medon took control of Philoctetes's men. While landing on Tenedos, Achilles killed king Tenes, son of Apollo, despite a warning by his mother that if he did so he would be killed himself by Apollo. From Tenedos, Agamemnon sent an embassy to the Priam king of Troy composed of Menelaus and Odysseus, asking for Helen's return. The embassy was refused.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Philoctetes stayed on Lemnos for ten years, which was a deserted island according to Sophocles' tragedy "Philoctetes", but according to earlier tradition was populated by Minyans.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: He also took Lesbos and Phocaea, then Colophon, and Smyrna, and Clazomenae, and Cyme; and afterwards Aegialus and Tenos, the so-called Hundred Cities; then, in order, Adramytium and Side; then Endium, and Linaeum, and Colone. He took also Hypoplacian Thebes and Lyrnessus, and further Antandrus, and many other cities.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Kakrides comments that the list is wrong in that it extends too far into the south. Other sources talk of Achilles taking Pedasus, Monenia, Mythemna (in Lesbos), and Peisidice.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Among the loot from these cities was Briseis, from Lyrnessus, who was awarded to him, and Chryseis, from Hypoplacian Thebes, who was awarded to Agamemnon. Achilles captured Lycaon, son of Priam, while he was cutting branches in his father's orchards. Patroclus sold him as a slave in Lemnos, where he was bought by Eetion of Imbros and brought back to Troy. Only 12 days later Achilles slew him, after the death of Patroclus.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Ajax son of Telamon laid waste the Thracian peninsula of which Polymestor, a son-in-law of Priam, was king. Polymestor surrendered Polydorus, one of Priam's children, of whom he had custody. He then attacked the town of the Phrygian king Teleutas, killed him in single combat and carried off his daughter Tecmessa. Ajax also hunted the Trojan flocks, both on Mount Ida and in the countryside.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Numerous paintings on pottery have suggested a tale not mentioned in the literary traditions. At some point in the war Achilles and Ajax were playing a board game ("petteia"). They were absorbed in the game and oblivious to the surrounding battle. The Trojans attacked and reached the heroes, who were only saved by an intervention of Athena.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Odysseus was sent to Thrace to return with grain, but came back empty-handed. When scorned by Palamedes, Odysseus challenged him to do better. Palamedes set out and returned with a shipload of grain.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Odysseus had never forgiven Palamedes for threatening the life of his son. In revenge, Odysseus conceived a plot where an incriminating letter was forged, from Priam to Palamedes, and gold was planted in Palamedes' quarters. The letter and gold were "discovered", and Agamemnon had Palamedes stoned to death for treason.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: However, Pausanias, quoting the "Cypria", says that Odysseus and Diomedes drowned Palamedes, while he was fishing, and Dictys says that Odysseus and Diomedes lured Palamedes into a well, which they said contained gold, then stoned him to death.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Palamedes' father Nauplius sailed to the Troäd and asked for justice, but was refused. In revenge, Nauplius traveled among the Achaean kingdoms and told the wives of the kings that they were bringing Trojan concubines to dethrone them. Many of the Greek wives were persuaded to betray their husbands, most significantly Agamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra, who was seduced by Aegisthus, son of Thyestes.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Near the end of the ninth year since the landing, the Achaean army, tired from the fighting and from the lack of supplies, mutinied against their leaders and demanded to return to their homes. According to the "Cypria", Achilles forced the army to stay. According to Apollodorus, Agamemnon brought the Wine Growers, daughters of Anius, son of Apollo, who had the gift of producing by touch wine, wheat, and oil from the earth, in order to relieve the supply problem of the army.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: After the tenth year, it was prophesied that Troy could not fall without Heracles' bow, which was with Philoctetes in Lemnos. Odysseus and Diomedes retrieved Philoctetes, whose wound had healed. Philoctetes then shot and killed Paris.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: The Greeks retrieved Pelop's bones, and sent Odysseus to retrieve Neoptolemus, who was hiding from the war in King Lycomedes's court in Scyros. Odysseus gave him his father's arms. Eurypylus, son of Telephus, leading, according to Homer, a large force of "Kêteioi", or Hittites or Mysians according to Apollodorus, arrived to aid the Trojans. Eurypylus killed Machaon and Peneleos, but was slain by Neoptolemus.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Disguised as a beggar, Odysseus went to spy inside Troy, but was recognized by Helen. Homesick, Helen plotted with Odysseus. Later, with Helen's help, Odysseus and Diomedes stole the Palladium.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: The end of the war came with one final plan. Odysseus devised a new ruse—a giant hollow wooden horse, an animal that was sacred to the Trojans. It was built by Epeius and guided by Athena, from the wood of a cornel tree grove sacred to Apollo, with the inscription: "The Greeks dedicate this thank-offering to Athena for their return home". The hollow horse was filled with soldiers led by Odysseus. The rest of the army burned the camp and sailed for Tenedos.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: When the Trojans discovered that the Greeks were gone, believing the war was over, they "joyfully dragged the horse inside the city", while they debated what to do with it. Some thought they ought to hurl it down from the rocks, others thought they should burn it, while others said they ought to dedicate it to Athena.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: The Trojans, fuelled with desperation, fought back fiercely, despite being disorganized and leaderless. With the fighting at its height, some donned fallen enemies' attire and launched surprise counterattacks in the chaotic street fighting. Other defenders hurled down roof tiles and anything else heavy down on the rampaging attackers. The outlook was grim though, and eventually the remaining defenders were destroyed along with the whole city.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Neoptolemus killed Priam, who had taken refuge at the altar of Zeus of the Courtyard. Menelaus killed Deiphobus, Helen's husband after Paris' death, and also intended to kill Helen, but, overcome by her beauty, threw down his sword and took her to the ships.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Ajax the Lesser raped Cassandra on Athena's altar while she was clinging to her statue. Because of Ajax's impiety, the Acheaens, urged by Odysseus, wanted to stone him to death, but he fled to Athena's altar, and was spared.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Antenor, who had given hospitality to Menelaus and Odysseus when they asked for the return of Helen, and who had advocated so, was spared, along with his family. Aeneas took his father on his back and fled, and, according to Apollodorus, was allowed to go because of his piety.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: The Greeks then burned the city and divided the spoils. Cassandra was awarded to Agamemnon. Neoptolemus got Andromache, wife of Hector, and Odysseus was given Hecuba, Priam's wife.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Aethra, Theseus' mother, and one of Helen's handmaids, was rescued by her grandsons, Demophon and Acamas.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: The journey of the Trojan survivor Aeneas and his resettling of Trojan refugees in Italy are the subject of the Latin epic poem the "Aeneid" by Virgil. Writing during the time of Augustus, Virgil has his hero give a first-person account of the fall of Troy in the second of the "Aeneid"s twelve books; the Trojan Horse, which does not appear in the "Iliad", became legendary from Virgil's account.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Aeneas leads a group of survivors away from the city, among them his son Ascanius (also known as Iulus), his trumpeter Misenus, father Anchises, the healer Iapyx, his faithful sidekick Achates, and Mimas as a guide. His wife Creusa is killed during the sack of the city. Aeneas also carries the Lares and Penates of Troy, which the historical Romans claimed to preserve as guarantees of Rome's own security.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: The glorious and rich city Homer describes was believed to be Troy VI by many twentieth century authors, and destroyed about 1275 BC, probably by an earthquake. Its successor, Troy VIIa, was destroyed around 1180 BC; it was long considered a poorer city, and dismissed as a candidate for Homeric Troy, but since the excavation campaign of 1988, it has come to be regarded as the most likely candidate.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: That most Achaean heroes did not return to their homes and founded colonies elsewhere was interpreted by Thucydides as being due to their long absence. Nowadays the interpretation followed by most scholars is that the Achaean leaders driven out of their lands by the turmoil at the end of the Mycenaean era preferred to claim descent from exiles of the Trojan War.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: The inspiration provided by these events produced many literary works, far more than can be listed here. The siege of Troy provided inspiration for many works of art, most famously Homer's "Iliad", set in the last year of the siege. Some of the others include "Troädes" by Euripides, "Troilus and Criseyde" by Geoffrey Chaucer, "Troilus and Cressida" by William Shakespeare, "Iphigenia" and "Polyxena" by Samuel Coster, "Palamedes" by Joost van den Vondel and "Les Troyens" by Hector Berlioz.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Trojan War

Context: Films based on the Trojan War include "Helen of Troy" (1956), "The Trojan Horse" (1961) and "Troy" (2004). The war has also been featured in many books, television series, and other creative works.

Question: ট্রয় যুদ্ধে কোন দল জয়ী হয় ?


Devika Rani

Context: Devika Rani Choudhuri (30 March 1908 – 9 March 1994), usually known as Devika Rani, was an Indian actress who was active in Hindi films during the 1930s and 1940s. Widely acknowledged as the first lady of Indian cinema, Devika Rani had a successful film career that spanned 10 years.

Question: দেবিকা রাণী চৌধুরীর মায়ের নাম কী ?


Devika Rani

Context: Devika Rani was born as Devika Rani Choudhury on 30 March 1908 in Waltair near Visakhapatnam in present-day Andhra Pradesh, into an extremely affluent and educated Bengali family, the daughter of Col. Dr. Manmathnath Choudhury by his wife Leela Devi Choudhury.

Question: দেবিকা রাণী চৌধুরীর মায়ের নাম কী ?


Devika Rani

Context: After the critical success of "Karma", the couple returned to India in 1934. Although the Hindi version of the film, released in India in 1934, flopped without a trace, Himanshu Rai had established the required networks in Europe, and was able to start a film studio named Bombay Talkies, partnering with Niranjan Pal, a Bengali playwright and screenwriter who he had met previously in London and Franz Osten, who directed several of Rai's films.

Question: দেবিকা রাণী চৌধুরীর মায়ের নাম কী ?


Devika Rani

Context: Upon inception, Bombay Talkies was one of the "best-equipped" film studios in the country. The studio would serve as a launch pad for future actors including Dilip Kumar, Leela Chitnis, Madhubala, Raj Kapoor, Ashok Kumar and Mumtaz. The studio's first film "Jawani Ki Hawa" (1935), a crime thriller, starring Devika Rani and Najm-ul-Hassan, was shot fully on a train.

Question: দেবিকা রাণী চৌধুরীর মায়ের নাম কী ?


Devika Rani

Context: She died of bronchitis on 9 March 1994—a year after Roerich died—in Bangalore. At her funeral, Devika Rani was given full state honors. Following her death, the estate was on litigation for many years as the couple had no legal claimants; Devika Rani remained childless throughout her life. In August 2011, the Government of Karnataka acquired the estate after the Supreme Court of India passed the verdict in favour of them.

Question: দেবিকা রাণী চৌধুরীর মায়ের নাম কী ?


Devika Rani

Context: Although she was influenced by German actress Marlene Dietrich, her acting style was compared to Greta Garbo, thus leading to Devika Rani being named the "Indian Garbo".

Question: দেবিকা রাণী চৌধুরীর মায়ের নাম কী ?


Devika Rani

Context: Rani's attire, both in films and sometimes in real life, were considered "risque" at that time. In his book "Bless You Bollywood!: A tribute to Hindi Cinema on completing 100 years", Tilak Rishi mentions that Devika Rani was known as the "Dragon Lady" for her "smoking, drinking, cursing and hot temper".

Question: দেবিকা রাণী চৌধুরীর মায়ের নাম কী ?


Devika Rani

Context: In 1958, the Government of India honoured Devika Rani with a Padma Shri, the country's fourth highest civilian honour. She became the first ever recipient of the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the country's highest award for films, when it was instituted in 1969.

Question: দেবিকা রাণী চৌধুরীর মায়ের নাম কী ?


Devika Rani

Context: A postage stamp commemorating her life was released by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology in February 2011.

Question: দেবিকা রাণী চৌধুরীর মায়ের নাম কী ?


Theism

Context: Atheism is commonly understood as non-acceptance or rejection of theism in the broadest sense of theism, i.e. non-acceptance or rejection of belief in God or gods. The claim that the existence of any deity is unknown or unknowable is agnosticism.

Question: নাস্তিক্যবাদ দর্শনের ঠিক বিপরীত দর্শনের নাম কী ?


Theism

Context: The term "theism" derives from the Greek "theos" or "theoi" meaning "god" or "gods". The term "theism" was first used by Ralph Cudworth (1617–1688). In Cudworth's definition, they are "strictly and properly called Theists, who affirm, that a perfectly conscious understanding being, or mind, existing of itself from eternity, was the cause of all other things".

Question: নাস্তিক্যবাদ দর্শনের ঠিক বিপরীত দর্শনের নাম কী ?


Theism

Context: Some modern day monotheistic religions include Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí Faith, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, Arya samaj (hinduism) and Eckankar.

Question: নাস্তিক্যবাদ দর্শনের ঠিক বিপরীত দর্শনের নাম কী ?


Theism

Context: In practice, polytheism is not just the belief that there are multiple gods; it usually includes belief in the existence of a specific pantheon of distinct deities.

Question: নাস্তিক্যবাদ দর্শনের ঠিক বিপরীত দর্শনের নাম কী ?


Theism

Context: The distinction between these two beliefs may be ambiguous and unhelpful, or a significant point of division. Pantheism may be understood a type of Nontheism, where the physical universe takes on some of the roles of a theistic God, and other roles of God viewed as unnecessary.

Question: নাস্তিক্যবাদ দর্শনের ঠিক বিপরীত দর্শনের নাম কী ?


Theism

Context: Deism typically rejects supernatural events (such as prophecies, miracles, and divine revelations) prominent in organized religion. Instead, Deism holds that religious beliefs must be founded on human reason and observed features of the natural world, and that these sources reveal the existence of a supreme being as creator.

Question: নাস্তিক্যবাদ দর্শনের ঠিক বিপরীত দর্শনের নাম কী ?


Theism

Context: Autotheism is the viewpoint that divinity, whether also external or not, is inherently within 'oneself' and that one has the ability to become godlike. Indian religions like Buddhism and Jainism are Autotheistic. This can be in a selfless way, a way following the implications of statements attributed to ethical, philosophical, and religious leaders (such as Mahavira).

Question: নাস্তিক্যবাদ দর্শনের ঠিক বিপরীত দর্শনের নাম কী ?


Theism

Context: Autotheism can also refer to the belief that one's self is a deity, within the context of subjectivism. Hindus use the term, "aham Brahmāsmi" which means, "I am Brahman".

Question: নাস্তিক্যবাদ দর্শনের ঠিক বিপরীত দর্শনের নাম কী ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Part IV of Chapter 1 of the Australian Constitution briefly deals with eligibility for voting and election to the federal Australian Parliament. It does not prescribe how elections should be conducted. Election campaigns and associated political advertisements are subject to some regulation. Public funding of political parties and party registration was introduced in 1983.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Voting for the federal and each state and territory parliament is compulsory for Australian citizens over the age of 18. Voting is almost entirely conducted using paper ballots. The informal vote is not usually significant, but a donkey vote is more common, and may have a deciding impact in marginal seats.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Voting for the federal and each state and territory parliament is compulsory for Australian citizens over the age of 18.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: The Parliament of South Australia is a bicameral legislature. The House of Assembly (lower house) comprises 47 members elected by preferential voting every 4 years from single member electorates. The Legislative Council (upper house) comprises 22 members elected by proportional representation of single transferable vote every 8 years.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: The Parliament of Queensland is unicameral, consisting of the Legislative Assembly of 93 members elected for a 4 year term from single member electorates using fully preferential voting.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: The Parliament of Western Australia consists of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly has 57 members elected for a four year term, unless dissolved earlier, from single member electorates using fully preferential voting. The Legislative Council has 37 members elected for a fixed term of 4 years, in a 'whole of state' electorate using preferential proportional representation.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Elections in Australia (Commonwealth, State or Territory) are organised by their respective electoral commissions, as follows:

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Enrolment on the electoral roll, known in some other countries as registration, is compulsory for all Australian citizens aged 18 years and over. Residents in Australia who had been enrolled as British subjects on 25 January 1984 continue to be enrolled and vote. (Almost 163,000 voters were recorded as British subjects on the electoral roll in 2009.)

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Each jurisdiction has its own laws and customs as to when elections in the jurisdiction will take place. However, state and territory elections cannot, by federal law, take place within a week before or after a federal election.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: The terms of senators representing the states are of fixed duration (unless Parliament is dissolved in a double dissolution), and elections must occur within a year before the term expires. The terms of senators representing the territories are not fixed, and are tied to the dates of elections for the House of Representatives. Where a House is dissolved early, House and Senate elections may be asynchronous until either the House is again dissolved sufficiently early or a double dissolution occurs.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: By Westminster convention, the decision as to the type of election and date on which an election is to take place is that of the Prime Minister, who 'advises' the Governor-General to set the process in motion by dissolving the House of Representatives (if it has not expired) and then issuing writs for election.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Writs for the election of House of Representatives and territory senators are issued by the Governor-General, while writs for the election of state senators are issued by the respective state governors.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Voting in federal, state and territory elections is compulsory for all persons on the electoral roll. Voting can take place by a person attending in person at any polling place in their State on the election day or in early voting locations, or by applying for and mailing in a postal vote. Absentee voting is also available, but not proxy voting.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: At the 2007 federal election there were 7,723 polling places open for voting. In remote areas, mobile polling places have been used since the 1980s. The visually impaired can use electronic voting machines.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Voting is almost entirely conducted by paper ballot. If more than one election takes place at the same time (for example, for the House of Representatives and the Senate), separate ballot papers are used. These are usually of different colours and are deposited into separate boxes.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: How-to-vote cards are usually handed out at polling places by party volunteers. They suggest how a party supporter might vote for other candidates or parties. Electors now routinely receive how-to-vote materials through the mail or by other means.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: In practice, privacy arrangements allow informal and protest votes to take place. At the 2010 federal election more than 1.5 million people did not vote or voted incorrectly. Academic Brian Costar from Swinburne University claims the rate of donkey votes in Australia is around 2% of all votes, but the figure is hard to determine accurately.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Most polling places are schools, community halls or churches. Supporters of these places very commonly take advantage of the large number of visitors undertaking fund raising activity, often including raffles, cake stalls and sales of democracy sausages.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Many voters use elections to reaffirm their party allegiance. Party affiliation has declined in recent decades. Voters who voted for the same party each election made up 72% of the electorate in 1967. This figure had declined to 45% by 2007. Minor parties have played a greater role in the politics of Australia since proportional representation was progressively introduced.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Elections in Australia are seen by parties as a chance to develop and refine policies. Rather than a procedure where the best policies win the day, elections are contests where parties fight for power. Elections are not part of the process in which specific decisions on policy are made. Control of policy and platforms are wholly determined within the party.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Candidate selection, in Australia typically called preselection, is a significant factor in the democratic process in Australia because the majority of voters base their decision at election time on the party rather than the candidate. In Australia the decision of who may be a candidate is decided by the party in any manner they choose. It can range from a postal vote to the whole party membership through to a decision made by a small select committee.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Television is the preferred medium for campaign news in Australia. At the 2004 federal election more than three-quarters of money spent on advertising was television based.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: Incumbent candidates and government have significant benefits compared to non-incumbents. These include substantial allowances and access to staff whose travel is covered by parliamentary allowances.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: The Australian Election Study coordinated by the Australian National University was introduced in 1987. The series of surveys are conducted post election and provide a unique take on political behaviour during election campaigns.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: In Queensland, the threshold for public funding is 6% of the primary vote. The threshold in Victoria, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory is 4%. South Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory do not have public funding for parties and candidates at elections.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Elections in Australia

Context: A series of conventions has evolved covering the conduct of the business of government by ministers, their departments of state, and the Public Service during the "caretaker period" of the election. This period begins after the announcement of the election date, when the Governor-General of Australia dissolves the federal parliament on advice from the Prime Minister. It ends after the election result is known and clear, when a newly elected government is sworn into office.

Question: অস্ট্রেলিয়ায় কত বছর অন্তর সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: Crystals can be classified in other ways, including crystal families and lattice systems. These make use of space groups, lattices, and point groups. The various classifications are often confused: in particular the trigonal crystal system is often confused with the rhombohedral lattice system, and the term "crystal system" is sometimes used to mean one of the others.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: Spaces with fewer than three dimensions have the same number of crystal systems, crystal families, and lattice systems. In one-dimensional space, there is one crystal system. In 2D space, there are four crystal systems: oblique, rectangular, square, and hexagonal.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: A crystal family is determined by lattices and point groups. It is formed by combining crystal systems that have space groups assigned to a common lattice system. In three dimensions, the crystal families and systems are identical, except the hexagonal and trigonal crystal systems, which are combined into one hexagonal crystal family. The six crystal families are triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, hexagonal, and cubic.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: A lattice system is a group of lattices with the same set of lattice point groups, which are subgroups of the arithmetic crystal classes. Space groups and crystals are classified as lattice systems according to their Bravais lattices. The 14 Bravais lattices are grouped into seven lattice systems: triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, rhombohedral, hexagonal, and cubic.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: Five of the crystal systems are essentially the same as five of the lattice systems, while the hexagonal and trigonal crystal systems differ.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: Most point groups are assigned to a single lattice system, in which case both the crystal and lattice systems have the same name. However, five point groups are assigned to two lattice systems, rhombohedral and hexagonal, because both exhibit threefold rotational symmetry. These point groups are assigned to the trigonal crystal system.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: The relation between three-dimensional crystal families, crystal systems and lattice systems is shown in the following table:

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: "Note: there is no "trigonal" lattice system. To avoid confusion of terminology, the term "trigonal lattice" is not used."

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: The crystal structures of chiral biological molecules (such as protein structures) can only occur in the 65 enantiomorphic space groups (biological molecules are usually chiral).

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: There are seven different kinds of crystal systems, and each kind of crystal system has four different kinds of centerings (primitive, base-centered, body-centered, face-centered). However, not all of the combinations are unique; some of the combinations are equivalent while other combinations are not possible due to symmetry reasons. This reduces the number of unique lattices to the 14 Bravais lattices.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: The distribution of the 14 Bravais lattices into lattice systems and crystal families is given in the following table.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice is a category of translative symmetry groups (also known as lattices) in three directions.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: where "n"1, "n"2, and "n"3 are integers and a1, a2, and a3 are three non-coplanar vectors, called "primitive vectors".

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: These lattices are classified by the space group of the lattice itself, viewed as a collection of points; there are 14 Bravais lattices in three dimensions; each belongs to one lattice system only. They represent the maximum symmetry a structure with the given translational symmetry can have.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: All crystalline materials (not including quasicrystals) must, by definition, fit into one of these arrangements.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: For convenience a Bravais lattice is depicted by a unit cell which is a factor 1, 2, 3, or 4 larger than the primitive cell. Depending on the symmetry of a crystal or other pattern, the fundamental domain is again smaller, up to a factor 48.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: The Bravais lattices were studied by Moritz Ludwig Frankenheim in 1842, who found that there were 15 Bravais lattices. This was corrected to 14 by A. Bravais in 1848.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: The four-dimensional unit cell is defined by four edge lengths ("a", "b", "c", "d") and six interaxial angles ("α", "β", "γ", "δ", "ε", "ζ"). The following conditions for the lattice parameters define 23 crystal families

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Crystal system

Context: The names here are given according to Whittaker. They are almost the same as in Brown "et al", with exception for names of the crystal families 9, 13, and 22. The names for these three families according to Brown "et al" are given in parenthesis.

Question: স্ফটিক মোট কয় রকমের হয় ?


Whooping cough

Context: Pertussis is caused by the bacterium "Bordetella pertussis". It is spread easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. People are infectious from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits. Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days. Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat. This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: The illness usually starts with mild respiratory symptoms include mild coughing, sneezing, or a runny nose (known as the catarrhal stage). After one or two weeks, the coughing classically develops into uncontrollable fits, sometimes followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound, as the person tries to inhale. About 50% of children and adults "whoop" at some point in diagnosed pertussis cases during the paroxysmal stage.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: This stage usually lasts two to eight weeks, or sometimes longer. A gradual transition then occurs to the convalescent stage, which usually lasts one to four weeks. This stage is marked by a decrease in paroxysms of coughing, although paroxysms may occur with subsequent respiratory infection for many months after the onset of pertussis.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Symptoms of pertussis can be variable, especially between immunized and non-immunized people. Those that are immunized can present with a more mild infection; they may only have the paroxysmal cough for a couple of weeks, and it may lack the "whooping" characteristic. Although immunized people have a milder form of the infection, they can spread the disease to others who are not immune.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: The time between exposure and the development of symptoms is on average 7–14 days (range 6–20 days), rarely as long as 42 days.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Pertussis is caused by the bacterium "Bordetella pertussis". It is an airborne disease (through droplets) that spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Uncertainties have existed of "B. pertussis" and whooping cough as a zoonotic disease since around 1910 but in the 1930s, knowledge was gained that the bacteria lost their virulent power when repeatedly spread on agar media. This explained the difficulties to reproduce results from different studies as the pre-inoculating handlings of the bacteria were not standardized among scientists.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Today it is established that at least some primate species are highly susceptible to "B. pertussis" and develop clinical whooping cough in high incidence when exposed to low inoculation doses. The bacteria may be present in wild animal populations, but this is not confirmed by laboratory diagnosis, although whooping cough is known among wild gorillas. Several zoos also have a long-standing custom of vaccinating their primates against whooping cough.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: After the bacteria are inhaled, they initially adhere to the ciliated epithelium in the nasopharynx. Surface proteins of "B. pertussis", including filamentous hemaglutinin and pertactin, mediate attachment to the epithelium. The bacteria then multiply. In infants, who experience more severe disease, the bacteria spread down to the lungs.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: A physician's overall impression is most effective in initially making the diagnosis. Single factors are much less useful. In adults with a cough of less than 8 weeks, vomiting after coughing or a "whoop" is supportive. If there are no bouts of coughing or there is a fever the diagnosis is unlikely. In children who have a cough of less than 4 weeks vomiting after coughing is somewhat supportive but not definitive.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Methods used in laboratory diagnosis include culturing of nasopharyngeal swabs on a nutrient medium (Bordet–Gengou medium), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct fluorescent antibody (DFA), and serological methods (e.g. complement fixation test). The bacteria can be recovered from the person only during the first three weeks of illness, rendering culturing and DFA useless after this period, although PCR may have some limited usefulness for an additional three weeks.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Serology may be used for adults and adolescents who have already been infected for several weeks to determine whether antibody against pertussis toxin or another virulence factor of "B. pertussis" is present at high levels in the blood of the person.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: The primary method of prevention for pertussis is vaccination. Evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics in those who have been exposed, but are without symptoms. Preventive antibiotics, however, are still frequently used in those who have been exposed and are at high risk of severe disease (such as infants).

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Pertussis vaccines are effective at preventing illness and are recommended for routine use by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The vaccine saved an estimated half a million lives in 2002.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: The multicomponent acellular pertussis vaccine is 71–85% effective, with greater effectiveness against more severe strains. However, despite widespread vaccination, pertussis has persisted in vaccinated populations and is today "one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in Western countries". The 21st-century resurgences in pertussis infections is attributed to a combination of waning immunity and bacterial mutations that elude vaccines.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Immunization does not confer lifelong immunity; a 2011 CDC study indicated that protection may only last three to six years. This covers childhood, which is the time of greatest exposure and greatest risk of death from pertussis.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: An effect of widespread immunization on society has been the shift of reported infections from children aged 1–9 years to infants, adolescents, and adults, with adolescents and adults acting as reservoirs for "B. pertussis" and infecting infants who have had fewer than three doses of vaccine.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Infection induces incomplete natural immunity that wanes over time. A 2005 study said estimates of the duration of infection-acquired immunity range from 7 to 20 years and the different results could be the result of differences in levels of circulating "B. pertussis", surveillance systems, and case definitions used. The study said protective immunity after vaccination wanes after 4–12 years. One study suggested that the availability of vaccine exemptions increases the number of pertussis cases.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: The antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin are typically the recommended treatment. Newer macrolides are frequently recommended due to lower rates of side effects. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) may be used in those with allergies to first-line agents or in infants who have a risk of pyloric stenosis from macrolides.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: People with pertussis are most infectious during the first two weeks following the onset of symptoms.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Effective treatments of the cough associated with this condition have not been developed. The use of over the counter cough medications is discouraged and has not been found helpful.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: While most healthy older children and adults fully recover, infection in newborns is particularly severe. Pertussis is fatal in an estimated 0.5% of US infants under one year of age. First-year infants are also more likely to develop complications, such as: apneas (31%), pneumonia (12%), seizures (0.6%) and encephalopathy (0.15%). This may be due to the ability of the bacterium to suppress the immune system.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Worldwide, whooping cough affects around 16 million people yearly. One estimate for 2013 stated it resulted in about 61,000 deaths – down from 138,000 deaths in 1990. Another estimated 195,000 child deaths yearly from the disease worldwide. This is despite generally high coverage with the DTP and DTaP vaccines. Pertussis is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. About 90% of all cases occur in developing countries.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Before vaccines, an average of 178,171 cases was reported in the U.S., with peaks reported every two to five years; more than 93% of reported cases occurred in children under 10 years of age. The actual incidence was likely much higher. After vaccinations were introduced in the 1940s, pertussis incidence fell dramatically to approximately 1,000 by 1976. Incidence rates have increased since 1980. In 2015, rates in the United States were 20,762 people.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: Pertussis is the only vaccine-preventable disease that is associated with increasing deaths in the U.S. The number of deaths increased from four in 1996 to 17 in 2001, almost all of which were infants under one year. In Canada, the number of pertussis infections has varied between 2,000 and 10,000 reported cases each year over the last ten years, and it is the most common vaccine-preventable illness in Toronto.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: In 2009 Australia reported an average of 10,000 cases a year, and the number of cases had increased. In the U.S. pertussis in adults has increased significantly since about 2004.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: In 2017, India had a reported 23,766 reported pertussis cases, making it one of the highest reported number of cases of the year. Other countries, such as Germany, had reported 16,183 cases, while Australia and China had a reported number of 12,114 and 10,390 pertussis cases.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Whooping cough

Context: In April and May 2012, pertussis was declared to be at epidemic levels in Washington, with 3,308 cases. In December 2012 Vermont declared an epidemic of 522 cases. Wisconsin had the highest incidence rate, with 3,877 cases, although it did not make an official epidemic declaration.

Question: হুপিং কাশির কারণে কি কোনো ব্যক্তির মৃত্যু হতে পারে ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: The demonstrators boarded the ships and threw the chests of tea into the Boston Harbor. The British government considered the protest an act of treason and responded harshly. The episode escalated into the American Revolution, becoming an iconic event of American history. Since then other political protests such as the Tea Party movement have referred to themselves as historical successors to the Boston protest of 1773.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: The Boston Tea Party arose from two issues confronting the British Empire in 1765: the financial problems of the British East India Company; and an ongoing dispute about the extent of Parliament's authority, if any, over the British American colonies without seating any elected representation. The North Ministry's attempt to resolve these issues produced a showdown that would eventually result in revolution.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: Another possible solution for reducing the growing mound of tea in the East India Company warehouses was to sell it cheaply in Europe. This possibility was investigated, but it was determined that the tea would simply be smuggled back into Great Britain, where it would undersell the taxed product. The best market for the East India Company's surplus tea, so it seemed, was the American colonies, if a way could be found to make it cheaper than the smuggled Dutch tea.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: In every colony except Massachusetts, protesters were able to force the tea consignees to resign or to return the tea to England. In Boston, however, Governor Hutchinson was determined to hold his ground. He convinced the tea consignees, two of whom were his sons, not to back down.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: Whether or not Samuel Adams helped plan the Boston Tea Party is disputed, but he immediately worked to publicize and defend it. He argued that the Tea Party was not the act of a lawless mob, but was instead a principled protest and the only remaining option the people had to defend their constitutional rights.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: A number of colonists were inspired by the Boston Tea Party to carry out similar acts, such as the burning of "Peggy Stewart". The Boston Tea Party eventually proved to be one of the many reactions that led to the American Revolutionary War. In his December 17, 1773, entry in his diary, John Adams wrote:

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: In February 1775, Britain passed the Conciliatory Resolution, which ended taxation for any colony that satisfactorily provided for the imperial defense and the upkeep of imperial officers. The tax on tea was repealed with the Taxation of Colonies Act 1778, part of another Parliamentary attempt at conciliation that failed.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: John Adams and many other Americans considered tea drinking to be unpatriotic following the Boston Tea Party. Tea drinking declined during and after the Revolution, resulting in a shift to coffee as the preferred hot drink.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: The Boston Tea Party has often been referenced in other political protests. When Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi led a mass burning of Indian registration cards in South Africa in 1908, a British newspaper compared the event to the Boston Tea Party. When Gandhi met with the Viceroy of India in 1930 after the Indian salt protest campaign, Gandhi took some duty-free salt from his shawl and said, with a smile, that the salt was "to remind us of the famous Boston Tea Party."

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: The Boston Tea Party Museum is located on the Congress Street Bridge in Boston. It features reenactments, a documentary, and a number of interactive exhibits. The museum features two replica ships of the period, "Eleanor" and "Beaver". Additionally, the museum possesses one of two known tea chests from the original event, part of its permanent collection.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: The American Antiquarian Society holds in its collection a vial of actual tea-infused harbor water from 1773.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


Boston Tea Party

Context: In addition it has been subject of "The Boston Tea Party", a 1976 play by Allan Albert, and "Boston Tea Party", a song by the Sensational Alex Harvey Band from "SAHB Stories", released in 1976.

Question: বোস্টন টি পার্টি মূলত কোন আইনের বিরোধিতা করার জন্য তৈরী হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: He was mainly active in the Hindi film industry as a composer, and also provided vocals for a few compositions. He served as an influence to the next generation of Indian music directors, and his songs continue to be popular in India and overseas.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: Burman received his early education in West Bengal. His father S. D. Burman was a noted music director in Hindi language films, the Mumbai-based Hindi film industry. When he was seventeen years old, R. D. Burman composed his first song, "Aye meri topi palat ke aa", which his father used in the film "Funtoosh" (1956). The tune of the song "Sar jo tera chakraaye" was also composed by him as a child; his father included it in the soundtrack of Guru Dutt's "Pyaasa" (1957).

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: In Mumbai, Burman was trained by Ustad Ali Akbar Khan (sarod) and Samta Prasad (tabla). He also considered Salil Chowdhury his guru. He served as an assistant to his father, and often played harmonica in his orchestras.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: Some of the notable films in which Burman is credited as the music assistant include "Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi" (1958), "Kaagaz Ke Phool" (1959), "Tere Ghar Ke Samne" (1963), "Bandini" (1963), "Ziddi" (1964), "Guide" (1965) and "Teen Devian" (1965). Burman also played mouth organ for his father's hit composition "Hai Apna Dil To Aawara", which was featured in the film "Solva Saal", and sung by Hemanta Mukhopadhyay.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: In 1959, Burman signed up as a music director for the film "Raaz", directed by Guru Dutt's assistant Niranjan. However, the film was never completed. The lyrics of this Guru Dutt and Waheeda Rehman-starrer film were written by Shailendra. Burman recorded two songs for the film before it was shelved. The first song was sung by Geeta Dutt and Asha Bhosle, and the second one had vocals by Shamshad Begum.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: Burman's first wife was Rita Patel, whom he had met in Darjeeling. Rita, a fan, had bet her friends that she would be able to get a film-date with Burman. The two married in 1966, and divorced in 1971. The song "Musafir Hoon Yaaron" ("I'm a Traveller") from "Parichay" (1972) was composed while he was at a hotel after the separation.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: In the 1970s, Burman became highly popular with the Kishore Kumar songs in Rajesh Khanna-starrer films. "Kati Patang" (1970), a musical hit, was the beginning of a series of the 1970s films directed by Shakti Samanta of "Aradhana" fame. Its songs "Yeh Shaam Mastani" and "Yeh Jo Mohabbat Hai", sung by Kishore Kumar, became instant hits. Apart from Kishore Kumar, Burman also composed several of the popular songs sung by Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi and Asha Bhosle.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: In 1972, Burman composed music for several films, including "Seeta Aur Geeta", "Rampur Ka Lakshman", "Mere Jeevan Saathi", "Bombay To Goa", "Apna Desh" and "Parichay". His success continued with hits such as "Yaadon Ki Baaraat" (1973), "Aap Ki Kasam" (1974), "Sholay" (1975) and "Aandhi" (1975). He also composed a song for a small documentary film called "Maa Ki Pukaar", in 1975. After his father S. D. Burman went into coma, Burman also completed the music of "Mili" (1975).

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: Mohammed Rafi received the National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for the song "Kya Hua Tera Wada" from "Hum Kisise Kum Naheen " (1977), composed by Burman. He continued to compose several popular songs for films such as "Kasme Vaade" (1978), "Ghar" (1978), "Gol Maal" (1979) and "Khubsoorat" (1980). He received his first Filmfare Best Music Director Award for "Sanam Teri Kasam" (1981). In 1981, he also composed hit music for "Rocky", "Satte Pe Satta" and "Love Story".

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: Abhijeet was given his major break by Burman in "Anand Aur Anand" (1984). Although he made his debut a long time ago, Hariharan was first noticed in a duet with Kavita Krishnamurthy in "Hai Mubarak Aaj ka Din" from "Boxer" (1984), which was composed by Burman. In 1985, Mohammed Aziz made his debut with "Shiva Ka Insaaf" (1985) under Burman.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: The trio Kishore Kumar-Rajesh Khanna-R.D.Burman have worked together in 32 films, and these films and songs continue to be popular till date. The trio were close friends. R.D.Burman composed for 40 films for Rajesh Khanna.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: R. D. Burman was a prolific contributor to the Bengali tradition of composing songs for the Durga Puja festival, many of which he later adapted for Hindi films. This includes hit songs such as "Meri bheegi bheegi si" from the film Anamika, "Pyar diwaana hota hai" from Kati Patang and "Tere bina zindagi se koi" from Aandhi.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: Burman has been credited with revolutionizing Hindi film music. He incorporated a wide range of influences from several genres in his scores. Burman's career coincided with the rise of Rajesh Khanna-starrer youth love stories. He made electronic rock popular in these popular love stories. He often mixed disco and rock elements with Bengali folk music. He also used jazz elements, which had been introduced to him by the studio pianist Kersi Lord.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: According to Douglas Wolk, Burman "wrapped sugary string swoops around as many ideas as he could squeeze in at once". Biswarup Sen describes his popular music as one featuring multicultural influences, and characterized by "frenetic pacing, youthful exuberance and upbeat rhythms".

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: On multiple occasions, Burman experimented with recording the same song with different singers. For "Kudrat" (1981), he recorded the light semi-classical version of the song "Hume tumse pyar kitna" in the voice of Kishore Kumar, while the classical version was recorded in the voice of Parveen Sultana.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: A number of Indian remix albums feature Burman's songs, which are also popular in the country's pubs and discos. Several of his compositions were re-mixed by the South Asian DJs in the United Kingdom and North America, and feature in popular albums such as Bally Sagoo's "Bollywood Flashback". Kronos Quartet's "You've Stolen My Heart" (2005) contains Burman's compositions sung by his wife Asha Bhosle. In the 2012 film "Khiladi 786", Himesh Reshammiya-composed song "Balma" is also a tribute to R.D. Burman.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: In 1995, Filmfare Awards constituted the Filmfare RD Burman Award for New Music Talent in his memory. The award is given to upcoming music talent in Hindi cinema. In 2009, the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation named a public square in Santa Cruz after Burman.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: Burman inspired many later Hindi film music composers, such as Vishal–Shekhar. Jatin–Lalit are considered to have carried on Burman's legacy through the 1990s. Notable musical assistants to Burman include Manohari Singh and Sapan Chakraborty. His instrumentalists included Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Shiv Kumar Sharma, Louis Banks, Bhupinder Singh and Kersi Lord. He is also noted for his partnership with the lyricist Gulzar, who wrote the words for several of his finest compositions.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: "Pancham Unmixed", a winner of 2 National Awards, is a 113-minute biopic on Burman, directed by Brahmanand Singh. A postage stamp, bearing Burman's likeness was released by India Post to honour him on 3 May 2013.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: In India, "Pancham Magic" from Pune and Euphony from Kolkata hosts shows most likely on 4th Jan and 27 June every year with musicians, artists or otherwise worked with Burman every year. Besides this many events are celebrated in various parts of India every now or then with new talents or people who worked with Burman.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: Out of Burman's 331 released film scores, 292 were in Hindi, 31 in Bengali, 3 in Telugu, 2 each in Tamil and Oriya, and 1 in Marathi. Burman also composed for 5 TV Serials in Hindi and Marathi.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


R. D. Burman

Context: Burman laid the foundation for numerous Hindi film music directors to pave the path for the future of music in Hindi language cinema.

Question: বলিউডের সঙ্গীত পরিচালক আর.ডি.বর্মনের জন্ম কোন শহরে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil has the longest or most persistent potential for harboring a pathogen.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: Diseases in humans that are caused by infectious agents are known as pathogenic diseases. Not all diseases are caused by pathogens, other causes are, for example, toxins, genetic disorders and the host's own immune system.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: A pathogen may be described in terms of its ability to produce toxins, enter tissue, colonize, hijack nutrients, and its ability to immunosuppress the host.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: Transmission of pathogens occurs through many different routes, including airborne, direct or indirect contact, sexual contact, through blood, breast milk, or other body fluids, and through the fecal-oral route.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: Algae are single-celled eukaryotes that are generally non-pathogenic although pathogenic varieties do exist. "Protothecosis" is a disease found in dogs, cats, cattle, and humans caused by a type of green alga known as prototheca that lacks chlorophyll. Often found in soil and sewage, the species "Prototheca wickerhami" is the cause for most human cases of the rare infection of protothecosis.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: The vast majority of bacteria, which can range between 0.15 and 700 μM in length, are harmless or beneficial to humans. However, a relatively small list of pathogenic bacteria can cause infectious diseases. Pathogenic bacteria have several ways that they can cause disease. They can either directly affect the cells of their host, produce endotoxins that damage the cells of their host, or cause a strong enough immune response that the host cells are damaged.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can function as pathogens. There are approximately 300 known fungi that are pathogenic to humans including "Candida albicans", which is the most common cause of thrush, and "Cryptococcus neoformans", which can cause a severe form of meningitis. The typical fungal spore size is <4.7 μm in length, but some spores may be larger.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: Not to be confused with virusoid or virus. Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens known. They are composed solely of a short strand of circular, single-stranded RNA that has no protein coating. All known viroids are inhabitants of higher plants, and most cause diseases, whose respective economic importance on humans vary widely.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: Viruses are small particles, typically between 20 and 300 nanometers in length, containing RNA or DNA. Viruses require a host cell to replicate. Some of the diseases that are caused by viral pathogens include smallpox, influenza, mumps, measles, chickenpox, ebola, HIV, rubella, and COVID-19.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: Pathogenic viruses are mainly from the families Adenoviridae, Coronaviridae, Picornaviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Papovaviridae, Polyomavirus, Rhabdoviridae, and Togaviridae. HIV is a notable member of the family Retroviridae which affected 37.9 million people across the world in 2018.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?


Pathogen

Context: Although bacteria can be pathogens themselves, they can also be infected by pathogens. Bacteriophages are viruses, also known as phage (plural) and phages, that infect bacteria often leading to the death of the bacteria that was infected. Common bacteriophages include T7 and Lambda phage. There are bacteriophages that infect every kind of bacteria including both gram-negative and gram-positive. Even pathogenic bacteria that infect other species, including humans, can be infected with a phage.

Question: প্যাথোজেন শব্দটির প্রথম ব্যবহার কবে হয় ?