Context: The Ancient Ones is the oldest school of Tibetan Buddhism and the original order founded by Padmasambhava (8th century) and Śāntarakṣita (725–788). Whereas other schools categorize their teachings into the three yānas or "vehicles", Hīnayāna, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna, the Nyingma tradition classifies its teachings into Nine Yānas, among the highest of which is Dzogchen. Terma "treasures" (revealed texts) are of particular significance to the Nyingma school. Nyingmapa called as “Red Sect” as well, is the oldest and used to be the largest sect of Tibetan Buddhism. “The second Buddha” --- Padma Sambhava, had founded Nyingmapa in A.D. 11th. Century. After that, Longchenpa, one of the Nyingmapa leader had revised the discipline a little bit in the 14th. Century. The devotees could get married.

Tibetan Buddhism


Context: At the beginning of the Bangladesh war of independence in April 1971, Bangladesh Forces and Bangladesh Government in exile were both established. After the oath ceremony was held at Meherpur, Kushtia, the government-in-exile set up its headquarters at 8 Theatre Road, in Kolkata (then Calcutta), India. The first Bangladesh President to take oath of office was Syed Nazrul Islam with Tajuddin Ahmad as the first Prime Minister. After the war ended, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman became the Prime Minister with the election of the first parliament a year later in January, 1972.

President of Bangladesh


Context: Alexander William Younger (born 4 July 1963) is a career British intelligence officer for the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) who, from November 2014 has served as the Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service, succeeding Sir John Sawers on his retirement.

Alex Younger


Context: A native of Goa is called a Goan. Goa has a population of 1.459 million residents, making it India's fourth smallest (after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh). The population has a growth rate of 8.23% per decade. There are 394 people for each square kilometre of land which is higher than national average 382 per km2. Goa is the state with highest proportion of urban population with 62.17% of the population living in urban areas. The sex ratio is 973 females to 1,000 males. The birth rate is 15.70 per 1,000 people in 2007. Goa also is the state with lowest proportion of Scheduled Tribes at 0.04%. A relatively small Goan-Portuguese mixed race population resulted from Portuguese colonization, one estimate being that less than 100 mestiço families left in 1961 when Portugal lost the colony. Estimates put the migrant, or non-Goan, population at 20% of the population, with a state Government study projecting that by 2021 the migrant community will outnumber the native population.

Goa


Context: Vidya Balan (pronounced ; born 1 January 1979) is an Indian actress. Known for pioneering a change in the concept of a Hindi film heroine with her portrayals of strong-willed women, she is the recipient of several awards, including a National Film Award, six Filmfare Awards, and six Screen Awards. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2014.

Vidya Balan


Context: Karenjit Kaur Vohra (born May 13, 1981), known by her stage name Sunny Leone (), is a Canadian-born Indian-American actress and model, currently active in Indian film industry. She is a former pornstar. She has an American citizenship. She has also used the stage name Karen Malhotra. She was named "Penthouse" Pet of the Year in 2003, was a contract performer for Vivid Entertainment, and was named by "Maxim" as one of the 12 top porn stars in 2010.

Sunny Leone


Context: Field Marshal has been the highest rank in the British Army since 1736. A five-star rank with NATO code OF-10, it is equivalent to an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal Navy or a Marshal of the Royal Air Force in the Royal Air Force (RAF). A Field Marshal's insignia consists of two crossed batons surrounded by yellow leaves below St Edward's Crown. Like Marshals of the RAF and Admirals of the Fleet, Field Marshals traditionally remain officers for life, though on half-pay when not in an appointment. The rank has been used sporadically throughout its history and was vacant during parts of the 18th and 19th centuries (when all former holders of the rank were deceased). After the Second World War, it became standard practice to appoint the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (later renamed Chief of the General Staff) to the rank on his last day in the post. Army officers occupying the post of Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of all the British Armed Forces, were usually promoted to the rank upon their appointment.

Field marshal (United Kingdom)


Context: Sharafi died at his residence on 2 November 2010 at the age of 86. He was buried in the Martyred Intellectuals' Graveyard.

Kalim Sharafi


Context: The 5th National Council of BNP in December 2008 named Alamgir senior joint secretary general, a post previously held by Tarique Rahman (now the vice-chairman of the BNP).

Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir


Context: The Minister of Transport administers his functions through the Ministry of Transport and a range of other government agencies. The current Minister of Transport is Loke Siew Fook, whose term began on 18 May 2018. The current Deputy Minister of Transport is Kamarudin Jaffar, whose term began on 2 July 2018.

Ministry of Transport (Malaysia)


Context: The Khilafat movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Mohammad Ali Jauhar and Abul Kalam Azad to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims, as an effective political authority. It was a protest against the humiliating sanctions placed on the caliph and Ottoman Empire after the First World War by the Treaty of Sèvres.

Khilafat Movement


Context: In March 2011, Noor was elected President of the West Bengal Youth Congress. She was supported by the Indian Youth Congress general-secretary Rahul Gandhi and defeated Arindam Bhattacharya (supported by Deepa Dasmunsi). In December 2013, she succeeded her uncle Abu Hasem Khan Choudhury as the party's president for the Malda district.

Mausam Noor


Context: Durgeshnandini (, "Doorgeshnondini", "Daughter of the Feudal Lord") is a Bengali historical romance novel written by Indian writer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1865. "Durgeshnandini" is a story of the love triangle between Jagat Singh, a Mughal General, Tilottama, the daughter of a Bengali feudal lord and Ayesha, the daughter of a rebel Pathan leader against whom Jagat Singh was fighting. The story is set in the backdrop of Pathan-Mughal conflicts that took place in south-western region of modern-day Indian state of Paschimbanga (West Bengal) during the reign of Akbar.

Durgeshnandini


Context: Israel is a republic with a President as head of state. However, the President's powers are largely ceremonial; the Prime Minister holds the real power. The official residence of the Prime Minister, "Beit Aghion" is in Jerusalem. The current Prime Minister is Benjamin Netanyahu of Likud, the ninth person to hold the position (excluding caretakers).

Prime Minister of Israel


Context: Since 2016, the periodic table has 118 confirmed elements, from element 1 (hydrogen) to 118 (oganesson). Elements 113, 115, 117 and 118, the most recent discoveries, were officially confirmed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in December 2015. Their proposed names, nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts) and oganesson (Og) respectively, were announced by the IUPAC in June 2016 and made official in November 2016.

Periodic table


Context: West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2016 was held for 294 seats (out of 295 seats) of the Vidhan Sabha in the state of West Bengal in India. All India Trinamool Congress won the elections with a landslide two-third majority under Mamata Banerjee winning 211 seats out of total 293, who has been elected as Chief Minister West Bengal for the second term. All India Trinamool Congress won with an enhanced majority contesting alone and became the first ruling party to win without an ally since 1962 in West Bengal. In October 2016, the West Bengal government banned the Durga Puja festival immersion after 4:00 pm. Durga Puja was to take place on 12 October and Muharram on 13 October. This was seen by a section of the West Bengal population as another example of the "Muslim Appeasement" policy of Banerjee's government. The Calcutta High Court overturned the decision and called it "a bid to appease minorities".

Mamata Banerjee


Context: The word "chromosome" () comes from the Greek ("chroma", "colour") and ("soma", "body"), describing their strong staining by particular dyes. The term was coined by von Waldeyer-Hartz, referring to the term chromatin, which was introduced by Walther Flemming.

Chromosome


Context: North played junior cricket together with Mike Hussey at the Wanneroo Districts Cricket Club between 1994 and 1996. North had a very successful junior career that included playing for several Academy and national junior sides. North posted scores of 200 not out and 132 in a youth Test match against Pakistan in 1997. He made his first-class debut for the Australian Cricket Academy against a Matabeleland Invitation XI in Bulawayo during the Academy's tour of Zimbabwe in 1999.

Marcus North


Context: India lies on the Indian Plate, the northern portion of the Indo-Australian Plate, whose continental crust forms the Indian subcontinent. The country is situated north of the equator between 8°04' to 37°06' north latitude and 68°07' to 97°25' east longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of . India measures from north to south and from east to west. It has a land frontier of and a coastline of .

Geography of India


Context: Dispur ( ) is the capital of the state of Assam in India.

Dispur


Context: Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed, circa 1439, a printing system by adapting existing technologies to printing purposes, as well as making inventions of his own. Printing in East Asia had been prevalent since the Tang dynasty, and in Europe, woodblock printing based on existing screw presses was common by the 14th century. Gutenberg's most important innovation was the development of hand-molded metal printing matrices, thus producing a movable type-based printing press system. His newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities. Movable type had been hitherto unknown in Europe. In Europe, the two inventions, the hand mould and the printing press, together drastically reduced the cost of printing books and other documents, particularly in short print runs.

Printing press


Context: The original Bengali collection of 156/157 poems was published on August 14, 1910. The English "Gitanjali" or "Song Offerings" is a collection of 103 English poems of Tagore's own English translations of his Bengali poems first published in November 1912 by the Indian Society of London. It contained translations of 53 poems from the original Bengali Gitanjali, as well as 50 other poems which were from his drama "Achalayatan" and eight other books of poetry — mainly "Gitimalya" (17 poems), "Naivedya" (15 poems) and "Kheya" (11 poems).

Gitanjali


Context: In Garuda Purana, Linga Purana and Padma Purana, Lakshmi is said to have been born as daughter of the divine sage Bhrigu and his wife Khyati and was named "Bhargavi". According to Vishnu Purana, the universe was created when the "Devas"(god) and "Asuras"(evil) churn the cosmic ocean of milk(Ksheera Sagara). Lakshmi came out of the ocean bearing lotus, along with divine cow Kamadhenu, Varuni, Parijat tree, Apsaras, Chandra(the moon) and Dhanvantari with Amrita(nectar of immortality). When she appeared, she had a choice to go to Devas or Asuras. She chose Devas' side and among thirty deities, she chose to be with Vishnu. Thereafter, in all three worlds, the lotus-bearing goddess was celebrated.

Lakshmi


Context: Muawiyah I (; 602 – 26 April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. He was the first who established the Umayyad dynasty in Islam of the caliphate, and was the second caliph from the Umayyad clan, the first being Uthman ibn Affan.

Muawiyah I


Context: Kohinoor Akhter (known by her stage name Shuchanda) is a Bangladeshi film actress and director. She started her career in the mid 1960s and acted in about 100 movies. She won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Director for the film "Hajar Bachhor Dhore" (2005).

Shuchanda


Context: Samad was born on 3 April 1928 in Kolkata, West Bengal, British India. She studied in Sakhawat Memorial School and Nari Shikshika Mandir. She went to Lady Brabourne College and Ashutosh College. She married her cousin, Mirza Abdus Samad, in 1946. He finished her M.A. from the University of Calcutta in 1959.

Laila Samad


Context: Indians widely describe Gandhi as the father of the nation. Origin of this title is traced back to a radio address (on Singapore radio) on 6 July 1944 by Subhash Chandra Bose where Bose addressed Gandhi as "The Father of the Nation". On 28 April 1947, Sarojini Naidu during a conference also referred Gandhi as "Father of the Nation".

Mahatma Gandhi


Context: Google announces major incremental upgrades to Android on a yearly basis. The updates can be installed on devices over-the-air. The latest major release is 9 "Pie".

Android (operating system)


Context: Chemists frequently refer to chemical compounds using chemical formulae or molecular structure of the compound. There has been a phenomenal growth in the number of chemical compounds being synthesized (or isolated), and then reported in the scientific literature by professional chemists around the world. An enormous number of chemical compounds are possible through the chemical combination of the known chemical elements. As of May 2011, about sixty million chemical compounds are known. The names of many of these compounds are often nontrivial and hence not very easy to remember or cite accurately. Also it is difficult to keep the track of them in the literature. Several international organizations like IUPAC and CAS have initiated steps to make such tasks easier. CAS provides the abstracting services of the chemical literature, and provides a numerical identifier, known as CAS registry number to each chemical substance that has been reported in the chemical literature (such as chemistry journals and patents). This information is compiled as a database and is popularly known as the Chemical substances index. Other computer-friendly systems that have been developed for substance information, are: SMILES and the International Chemical Identifier or InChI.

Chemical substance


Context: Release to Manufacturing (RTM) (built on November 1, 2006 with a build number of 6000.16386) is the version of Windows Vista that ships to customers. Microsoft announced this build had been finalized on November 8, 2006, after over five years of development.

Development of Windows Vista


Context: Captain Amarinder Singh (born 11 March 1942) is an Indian politician, who is currently the 26th Chief Minister of Punjab. An elected Member of the Legislative Assembly from Patiala, he was also the president of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee, the state division of the Indian National Congress. He has also previously served as the Chief Minister of Punjab from 2002-2007. His father was the last Maharaja of the princely state of Patiala. He also served in the Indian Army from 1963 to 1966. In 1980, he won a seat in the Lok Sabha for the first time. He currently also serves as the chairman of the Punjab Urdu Academy.

Amarinder Singh


Context: Sheba Prokashoni was founded in May, 1963. Its name may have derived from the first syllables of Shegun Bagan, now renamed as Shegun Bagicha, the neighbourhood of Dhaka city where its offices are located. The literal meaning of "Sheba" is "service."

Sheba Prokashoni


Context: Jinn (, '), also Romanized as djinn or Anglicized as genies"' (with the more broad meaning of spirits or demons, depending on source), are supernatural creatures in early pre-Islamic Arabian and later Islamic mythology and theology. Jinn are not a strictly Islamic concept; rather, they may be various pagan beings integrated into Islam. Since jinn are not inevitably evil (nor good), Islam was able to adapt spirits from other religions during its expansion.

Jinn


Context: The UK political system is a multi-party system. Since the 1920s, the two dominant parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics, the Liberal Party was the other major political party, along with the Conservatives. While coalition and minority governments have been an occasional feature of parliamentary politics, the first-past-the-post electoral system used for general elections tends to maintain the dominance of these two parties, though each has in the past century relied upon a third party, such as the Liberal Democrats, to deliver a working majority in Parliament. A Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government held office from 2010 until 2015, the first coalition since 1945. The coalition ended following parliamentary elections on 7 May 2015, in which the Conservative Party won an outright majority of 330 seats in the House of Commons, while their coalition partners lost all but eight seats.

Politics of the United Kingdom


Context: Lalon also known as Lalon Sain, Lalon Shah, Lalon Fakir or Mahatma Lalon (; c. 1772 – 17 October 1890; Bengali: 1 Kartik 1179) was a prominent Bengali philosopher, Baul saint, mystic, songwriter, social reformer and thinker from the Indian subcontinent. Regarded as an icon of Bengali culture, he inspired and influenced many poets, social and religious thinkers including Rabindranath Tagore, Kazi Nazrul Islam, and Allen Ginsberg although he "rejected all distinctions of caste and creed". Widely celebrated as an epitome of religious tolerance, he was also accused of heresy during his lifetime and after his death. In his songs, Lalon envisioned a society where all religions and beliefs would stay in harmony. He founded the institute known as Lalon Akhrah in Cheuriya, about from Kushtia railway station. His disciples dwell mostly in Bangladesh and West Bengal. Every year on the occasion of his death anniversary, thousands of his disciples and followers assemble at Lalon Akhrah, and pay homage to him through celebration and discussion of his songs and philosophy for three days.

Lalon


Context: By 1845, newly opened trade routes to Delhi re-established Bahawalpur as a commercial centre. The city was known in the late 19th century as a centre for the production of silk goods, "lungis", and cotton goods. The city's silk was noted to be of higher quality than silk works from Benares or Amritsar.  An 1866 crisis over succession to the Bahawalpur throne markedly increased British influence in the princely state. Bahawalpur was constituted as a municipality in 1874. The city's Noor Mahal palace was completed in 1875. In 1878, Bahawalpur's 4,285 foot long Empress Bridge was opened as the only rail crossing over the Sultej River. Bahawalpur's Sadiq Egerton College was founded in 1886. Bahalwapur's Nawabs celebrated the Golden Jubillee of Queen Victoria in 1887 in a state function at the Noor Mahal palace. Two hospitals were established in the city in 1898. In 1901, the population of the city was 18,546.

Bahawalpur


Context: The 1986 World Series was the 83rd edition of Major League Baseball's championship series, and the conclusion of the 1986 Major League Baseball season. A best-of-seven playoff, it pitted the National League (NL) champion New York Mets against the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox. The Mets won the Series in the seventh game, after overcoming a deficit of two runs with two outs and no one on base in the bottom of the 10th inning of Game 6. This was a game in which the Red Sox were twice one strike away from victory, and known for the famous error by Boston's first baseman Bill Buckner after their lead had already been blown. Game 6 has been cited in the legend of the "Curse of the Bambino" to explain the major comeback. It was also the first World Series to use the designated hitter only in games played at the American League representative's stadium, a policy which has continued since (prior to this, since 1976, the DH would be used in all parks in the World Series for even-numbered years, but in odd-numbered years, the DH rule would not be in effect).

1986 World Series


Context: In 1999 he founded Aamir Khan Productions, whose first film, "Lagaan" (2001), was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and earned him a National Film Award for Best Popular Film and two more Filmfare Awards (Best Actor and Best Film). After a four-year absence from the screen, Khan returned to portray leading roles, notably in the 2006 box-office hits "Fanaa" and "Rang De Basanti". He made his directorial debut with "Taare Zameen Par" (2007), a major success that garnered him the Filmfare Awards for Best Film and Best Director. Khan's greatest global success came with the thriller "Ghajini" (2008), the comedy-drama "3 Idiots" (2009), the action film "Dhoom 3" (2013), the satire "PK" (2014), and the sports biopic "Dangal" (2016), each having held the record for being the highest-grossing Indian film, while "Secret Superstar" (2017) held the record for being highest-grossing Indian film featuring a female protagonist. Khan won his third Best Actor award at Filmfare for "Dangal". His films are known for dealing with social issues in Indian society, and they often combine the entertainment and production values of commercial masala films with the believable narratives and strong messages of parallel cinema.

Aamir Khan


Context: During the 2015 Cricket World Cup, Dhoni became the first Indian captain to win all group stages matches in such a tournament. India achieved wins against arch-rivals Pakistan, South Africa (whom they hadn't beaten before in a World Cup game), the United Arab Emirates, the West Indies, Ireland and Zimbabwe. In the match against Zimbabwe at Eden Park, he made 85 not out chasing 288 and had an unbeaten partnership of 195 with Suresh Raina. This is the highest score by an Indian captain on New Zealand soil. Beating Bangladesh in the quarter finals, he became the third overall and the first non-Australian captain to win 100 ODI matches. In an unsuccessful effort against eventual champions Australia in the semi finals, he made 65 as India were unable to defend their title.

MS Dhoni


Context: Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost. The word "engineer" (Latin "ingeniator") is derived from the Latin words "ingeniare" ("to create, generate, contrive, devise") and "ingenium" ("cleverness"). The foundational qualifications of an engineer typically include a four-year bachelor's degree in an engineering discipline, or in some jurisdictions, a master's degree in an engineering discipline plus four to six years of peer-reviewed professional practice (culminating in a project report or thesis) and passage of engineering board examinations.

Engineer


Context: Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini (; ; 4 / 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat ( , ') or by his kunya Abu Ammar ( , '), was a Palestinian political leader. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004. Ideologically an Arab nationalist, he was a founding member of the Fatah political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004.

Yasser Arafat


Context: Steam locomotives were first developed in Great Britain during the early 19th century and used for railway transport until the middle of the 20th century. The first steam locomotive, made by Richard Trevithick, first operated on 21 February 1804, three years after the road locomotive he made in 1801. The first commercially successful steam locomotive was created in 1812–13 by John Blenkinsop. Built by George Stephenson and his son Robert's company Robert Stephenson and Company, the "Locomotion" No. 1 is the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public rail line, the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825. George also built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use locomotives, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, which opened in 1830. Stephenson established his company as the pre-eminent builder of steam locomotives for railways in the United Kingdom, the United States, and much of Europe.

Steam locomotive


Context: The Sino-Nepalese War (, ), also known as the Sino-Gorkha war, was an invasion of Tibet by Nepal from 1788-1792. The war was initially fought between Nepalese and Tibetan armies over a trade dispute related to a long-standing problem of low-quality coins manufactured by Nepal for Tibet. The Nepalese Army under Bahadur Shah plundered Tibet under Qing rule and Tibetans signed the Treaty of Kerung paying annual tribute to Nepal. However, Tibetans requested for Chinese intervention and Sino-Tibetan forces under Fuk'anggan raided Nepal up to Nuwakot only to face strong Nepalese counterattack. Thus, both countries signed the Treaty of Betrawati.

Sino-Nepalese War


Context: The largest university and one of the oldest in the Americas is Universidad de Chile. The roots of the University date back to the year 1622, as on 19 August the first university in Chile under the name of Santo Tomás de Aquino was founded. On 28 July 1738, it was named the Real Universidad de San Felipe in honor of King Philip V of Spain. In the vernacular, it is also known as Casa de Bello (Spanish: House of Bello – after their first Rector, Andrés Bello). On 17 April 1839, after Chile's independence from the Kingdom of Spain, it was renamed the Universidad de Chile, and reopened on 17 September 1843.

Santiago


Context: The Matsya Purana (IAST: Matsya Purāṇa) is one of the eighteen major Puranas (Mahapurana), and among the oldest and better preserved in the Puranic genre of Sanskrit literature in Hinduism. The text is a Vaishnavism text named after the half-human and half-fish avatar of Vishnu. However, the text has been called by the 19th-century Sanskrit scholar Horace Hayman Wilson, "although a Shaivism (Shiva-related) work, it is not exclusively so"; the text has also been referred to one that simultaneously praises various Hindu gods and goddesses.

Matsya Purana


Context: Producer Lauren Shuler Donner had developed the film as far back as 1997. In 1999, Paul Hunter was attached to direct, followed by Tarsem Singh in 2001. Warner Bros. hoped Singh could begin filming in 2002 with Nicolas Cage attached to star in the lead role but Singh ended up dropping out, a move that inspired dueling lawsuits from Tarsem and Warners. Keanu Reeves became attached in 2002. Alan Moore, original creator of John Constantine, had been disappointed by the previous adaptations of his other comics "From Hell" and "The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen", refused credit for the film and asked that his royalties be distributed among the other creators.

Constantine (film)


Context: Fasting in Islam, known as Sawm () or Siyām () , the Arabic words for fasting, also commonly known as "Rūzeh" or "Rōzah" () in some Muslim countries, is the practice of abstaining, usually from food and drink. The observance of "Sawm" during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan is the fourth of the Five Pillars of Islam.

Fasting in Islam


Context: The Fourth Dalai Lama, Yonten Gyatso (1589–1617) was a Mongolian, the great-grandson of Altan Khan who was a descendant of Kublai Khan and King of the Tümed Mongols who had already been converted to Buddhism by the Third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso (1543–1588). This strong connection caused the Mongols to zealously support the Gelugpa sect in Tibet, strengthening their status and position but also arousing intensified opposition from the Gelugpa's rivals, particularly the Tsang Karma Kagyu in Shigatse and their Mongolian patrons and the Bönpo in Kham and their allies. Being the newest school, unlike the older schools the Gelugpa lacked an established network of Tibetan clan patronage and were thus more reliant on foreign patrons. At the age of 10 with a large Mongol escort he travelled to Lhasa where he was enthroned. He studied at Drepung and became its abbot but being a non-Tibetan he met with opposition from some Tibetans, especially the Karma Kagyu who felt their position was threatened by these emerging events; there were several attempts to remove him from power. Yonten Gyatso died at the age of 27 under suspicious circumstances and his chief attendant Sonam Rapten went on to discover the 5th Dalai Lama, became his "chagdzo" or manager and after 1642 he went on to be his regent, the Desi.

Dalai Lama


Context: Katwa subdivision has 3 police stations, 5 community development blocks, 5 panchayat samitis, 46 gram panchayats, 388 mouzas, 373 inhabited villages, 2 municipalities and 1 census town. The municipalities are at Katwa and Dainhat. The census town is: Panuhat. The subdivision has its headquarters at Katwa.

Katwa subdivision


Context: Saws were at first serrated materials such as flint, obsidian, sea shells and shark teeth. In ancient Egypt, open (unframed) saws made of copper are documented as early as the Early Dynastic Period, circa 3,100–2,686 BC. Many copper saws were found in tomb No. 3471 dating to the reign of Djer in the 31st century BC. Saws have been used for cutting a variety of materials, including humans ("see" Death by sawing). Models of saws have been found in many contexts throughout Egyptian history. Particularly useful are tomb wall illustrations of carpenters at work that show sizes and the use of different types. Egyptian saws were at first serrated, hardened copper which cut on both pull and push strokes. As the saw developed, teeth were raked to cut only on the pull stroke and set with the teeth projecting only on one side, rather than in the modern fashion with an alternating set. Saws were also made of bronze and later iron. In the Iron Age, frame saws were developed holding the thin blades in tension. The earliest known sawmill is the Roman Hierapolis sawmill from the third century AD and was for sawing stone.

Saw


Context: Assam, a northeastern state of India, is divided into 33 administrative geographical units called "districts". Assam has 33 districts. Before 2015 it had 27 districts in total. On 15 August 2015, CM Tarun Gogoi formed 5 districts more, for a total of 32 districts. On 26 January 2016, 2 more districts were formed, but due to administrative infrastructure problem these districts are still non-functional. After his tenure, new CM Sarbananda Sonowal formed a new one, for a total of 33 districts.

List of districts of Assam


Context: David Andrew Warner (born 27 October 1986) is an Australian international cricketer and a former captain of the Australian national team in Limited overs cricket. An left-handed opening batsman, Warner is the first Australian cricketer in 132 years to be selected for a national team in any format without experience in first-class cricket. He plays for New South Wales and the Sydney Thunder in domestic cricket.

David Warner (cricketer)


Context: The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and the South Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N.

Atlantic Ocean


Context: The Ikhwan (, (The) Brethren), also Akhwan, was the first Saudi army made up of traditionally nomadic tribesmen which formed a significant military force of the ruler Ibn Saud and played an important role in establishing him as ruler of most of the Arabian Peninsula in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Ikhwan later became the Saudi Arabian National Guard.

Ikhwan


Context: The Infestation Hypothesis is the second episode of the fifth season of "The Big Bang Theory" that first aired on CBS on September 22, 2011. It is the 89th episode overall. In it, Sheldon (Jim Parsons) becomes worried when Penny acquires a new chair, while Leonard (Johnny Galecki) tries to make his long distance relationship with Priya work. The episode was watched by nearly 12 million viewers in the U.S. and received mixed reviews.

The Infestation Hypothesis


Context: Ramakrishna Paramahansa ; 18 February 1836 – 16 August 1886), born Gadadhar Chatterjee or Gadadhar Chattopadhyay, was an Indian Hindu mystic and saint in 19th century Bengal. Ramakrishna experienced spiritual ecstasies from a young age, and was influenced by several religious traditions, including devotion toward the goddess Kali, Tantra ("shakta"), Vaishnava ("bhakti"), and Advaita Vedanta. Reverence and admiration for him among Bengali elites led to the formation of the Ramakrishna Mission by his chief disciple Swami Vivekananda.

Ramakrishna


Context: Tashkent (; , "Тошкент", تاشكېنت, ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, as well as the most populated city in ex-Soviet Central Asia (though the larger urban centers of Urumqi in China and Kabul in Afghanistan lie well within the geographic region of Central Asia) with a population in 2018 of 2,485,900. It is located in the north-east of the country close to the Kazakhstan border.

Tashkent


Context: Tarini Khuro is a fictional character created by Satyajit Ray. Literally it means "respected uncle Tarini". "Khuro" in old colloquial Bengali means paternal uncle. The full name of Tarini khuro is Tarini Charan Bandopadhyay. Tarini khuro's adventure stories have a touch of supernatural forces in them. Ray's earlier creations were Feluda and Professor Shonku. This character is central to about fifteen stories written by Ray.

Tarini Khuro


Context: The Vedas are a large body of Hindu texts originating in ancient India, with its Samhita and Brahmanas complete before about 800 BCE. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit hymns, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. Hindus consider the Vedas to be "apauruṣeya", which means "not of a man, superhuman" and "impersonal, authorless". The knowledge in the Vedas is believed in Hinduism to be eternal, uncreated, neither authored by human nor by divine source, but seen, heard and transmitted by sages.

Hindu texts


Context: Wrestling represents one of the oldest forms of combat. The origins of wrestling go back 15,000 years through cave drawings. Babylonian and Egyptian reliefs show wrestlers using most of the holds known in the present-day sport. Literary references to it occur as early as the Old Testament and the ancient Indian Vedas. In the Book of Genesis, the Patriarch Jacob is said to have wrestled with God or an angel. The Iliad, in which Homer recounts the Trojan War of the 13th or 12th century BC, also contains mentions of wrestling. Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata contain references to martial arts including wrestling. In ancient Greece wrestling occupied a prominent place in legend and literature; wrestling competition, brutal in many aspects, served as the focal sport of the ancient Olympic Games. The ancient Romans borrowed heavily from Greek wrestling, but eliminated much of its brutality.

Wrestling


Context: After World War I Hussein refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, in protest at the Balfour Declaration and the establishment of British and French mandates in Syria, Iraq, and Palestine. He later refused to sign the Anglo-Hashemite Treaty and thus deprived himself of British support when his kingdom was invaded by Ibn Saud. In March 1924, when the Ottoman Caliphate was abolished, Hussein proclaimed himself Caliph of all Muslims. In October 1924, facing defeat by Ibn Saud, he abdicated and was succeeded as king by his eldest son Ali. His sons Faisal and Abdullah were made rulers of Iraq and Transjordan respectively in 1921.

Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca


Context: Bhoja II (910–912) was overthrown by Mahipala I (912–944). Several feudatories of the empire took advantage of the temporary weakness of the Gurjara-Pratiharas to declare their independence, notably the Paramaras of Malwa, the Chandelas of Bundelkhand, the Kalachuris of Mahakoshal, the Tomaras of Haryana, and the Chahamanas of Shakambhari. The south Indian Emperor Indra III (c. 914–928) of the Rashtrakuta dynasty briefly captured Kannauj in 916, and although the Pratiharas regained the city, their position continued to weaken in the 10th century, partly as a result of the drain of simultaneously fighting off Turkic attacks from the west, the attacks from the Rashtrakuta dynasty from the south and the Pala advances in the east. The Gurjara-Pratiharas lost control of Rajasthan to their feudatories, and the Chandelas captured the strategic fortress of Gwalior in central India around 950. By the end of the 10th century the Gurjara-Pratihara domains had dwindled to a small state centered on Kannauj.

Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty


Context: Following the discovery of Petra by the Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812, Charles Montagu Doughty, an English traveler, heard of a similar site near Mada'in Saleh, a fortified Ottoman town on the Hajj road from Damascus. In order to access the site, Doughty joined the Hajj caravan, and reached the site of the ruins in 1876, recording the visit in his journal which was published as "Travels in Arabia Deserta". Doughty described the Ottoman fort, where he resided for two months, and noted that Bedouin tribesmen had a permanent encampment just outside of the building.

Mada'in Saleh


Context: Yogi Adityanath (born Ajay Mohan Bisht on 5 June 1972) is an Indian monk and Hindu nationalist politician who is the current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, in office since 19 March 2017.

Yogi Adityanath


Context: Hinduism as it is commonly known can be subdivided into a number of major currents. Of the historical division into six darsanas (philosophies), two schools, Vedanta and Yoga, are currently the most prominent. Classified by primary deity or deities, four major Hinduism modern currents are Vaishnavism (Vishnu), Shaivism (Shiva), Shaktism (Devi) and Smartism (five deities treated as same). These deity-centered denominations feature a synthesis of various philosophies such as Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta, as well as shared spiritual concepts such as moksha, dharma, karma, samsara, ethical precepts such as ahimsa, texts (Upanishads, Puranas, Mahabharata, Agamas), ritual grammar and rites of passage.

Hindu denominations


Context: Mamata Banerjee (Bengali: also known as "Didi", born 5 January 1955) is an Indian politician of Bengali descent who serves as the 8th and current Chief Minister of West Bengal since 2011. She is the first woman to hold the office. She founded the party All India Trinamool Congress (AITC or TMC) in 1998 after separating from the Indian National Congress, and became its chairperson. She is often referred to as Didi (meaning: "elder sister" in Hindi and Bengali).

Mamata Banerjee


Context: Narayana Kasturi's biography states Sathya Sai Baba performed many miracles (healings, levitation, materialization of fruit, sweets, pencils, pictures etc. and clairvoyance). At approximately age 14, Sathya Sai Baba made a claim that he was the reincarnation of the fakir, Sai Baba of Shirdi. To validate his claim it is alleged that jasmine flowers were dropped onto the ground and that they miraculously arranged themselves into the words "Sai Baba" in Telugu. At that time, he began his spiritual mission.

Sathya Sai Baba movement


Context: Mahasthangarh ( "Môhasthangôṛ") is one of the earliest urban archaeological sites so far discovered in Bangladesh. The village Mahasthan in Shibganj thana of Bogra District contains the remains of an ancient city which was called Pundranagara or Paundravardhanapura in the territory of Pundravardhana. A limestone slab bearing six lines in Prakrit in Brahmi script, discovered in 1931, dates Mahasthangarh to at least the 3rd century BC. The fortified area was in use until the 18th century AD.

Mahasthangarh


Context: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. It tells of a young girl named Alice falling through a rabbit hole into a fantasy world populated by peculiar, anthropomorphic creatures. The tale plays with logic, giving the story lasting popularity with adults as well as with children. It is considered to be one of the best examples of the literary nonsense genre. Its narrative course, structure, characters, and imagery have been enormously influential in both popular culture and literature, especially in the fantasy genre.

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland


Context: Seoul (, like "soul"; ; ), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. With surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province, Seoul forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area, home to roughly half of the country's population. Seoul is ranked as the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world and is larger than London and Paris.

Seoul


Context: Avijit Roy (; 12 September 1972 – 26 February 2015) was a Bangladeshi-American online activist, writer and blogger known for creating and administrating the "Mukto-Mona," an Internet community for freethinkers, rationalists, skeptics, atheists and humanists of mainly Bengali and other South Asian descent. Roy was an advocate of free expression in Bangladesh, coordinating international protests against government censorship and imprisonment of atheist bloggers. He was hacked to death by machete-wielding assailants in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 26 February 2015; Islamic militant organization Ansarullah Bangla Team claimed responsibility for the attack.

Avijit Roy


Context: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (); (17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), shortened as Sheikh Mujib or just Mujib, was a Bangladeshi politician and statesman. He is the founding father of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. He served as the first President of Bangladesh and later as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 17 April, 1971 until his assassination on 15 August, 1975. He is considered to be the driving force behind the independence of Bangladesh. He is popularly dubbed with the title of Bangabandhu ( "Friend of Bengal") by the people of Bangladesh. He became a leading figure in and eventually the leader of the Awami League, founded in 1949 as an East Pakistan-based political party in Pakistan. Mujib is credited as an important figure in efforts to gain political autonomy for East Pakistan and later as the central figure behind the Bangladesh Liberation Movement and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. Thus, he is regarded Jatir Janak or Jatir Pita ( or , both meaning "Father of the Nation") of Bangladesh. His daughter Sheikh Hasina is the current leader of the Awami League and also the Prime Minister of Bangladesh.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman


Context: Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's "The Avengers" and 2015's "", and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Don Cheadle, Tom Holland, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Anthony Mackie, Sebastian Stan, Danai Gurira, Letitia Wright, Dave Bautista, Zoe Saldana, Josh Brolin, and Chris Pratt. In the film, the Avengers and the Guardians of the Galaxy attempt to stop Thanos from amassing the all-powerful Infinity Stones, and wiping out half of all life in the universe.

Avengers: Infinity War


Context: In 1982, William A. Porter and Bernard A. Newcomb founded TradePlus in Palo Alto, California, with $15,000 in capital. In 1991, Porter and Newcomb founded a new company, E-Trade Securities, Inc., with several hundred thousand dollars of startup capital from TradePlus. E*Trade offered its trading services via America Online and Compuserve. In 1994 its revenues neared $11 million, up from $850,000 in 1992.

E-Trade


Context: Talhah was born c.594, the son of Ubaydallah ibn Uthman of the Taym clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. His mother, al-Saaba bint Abdullah, was from the Hadram tribe.

Talhah


Context: Mitra's father, the celebrated littérateur, Saurindra Mohan Mukherjee, was a close associate of the Tagore family of Jorasanko. Suchitra Mitra's natural aptitude in music was recognised by Pankaj Mullick, who gave her a first lesson in Rabindra Sangeet. From her childhood, as the youngest member of her family, Suchitra cultivated her love for the songs and poetry of Tagore. She had an unerring ear for music and a natural gift of voice and expression. She was born in a running train near station Gujhandi, so her nickname was Goju.

Suchitra Mitra


Context: Biswas is the only singer who sang Rabindra Sangeet in Sanskrit, English, German, French, and Russian. He got trained at Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata for learning rudiments of foreign languages .

Debabrata Biswas


Context: Tagore began his career in short stories in 1877—when he was only sixteen—with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman"). With this, Tagore effectively invented the Bengali-language short story genre. The four years from 1891 to 1895 are known as Tagore's "Sadhana" period (named for one of Tagore's magazines). This period was among Tagore's most fecund, yielding more than half the stories contained in the three-volume "Galpaguchchha" (or "Golpoguchchho"; "Bunch of Stories"), which itself is a collection of eighty-four stories. Such stories usually showcase Tagore's reflections upon his surroundings, on modern and fashionable ideas, and on interesting mind puzzles (which Tagore was fond of testing his intellect with). Tagore typically associated his earliest stories (such as those of the ""Sadhana"" period) with an exuberance of vitality and spontaneity; these characteristics were intimately connected with Tagore's life in the common villages of, among others, Patisar, Shajadpur, and Shilaida while managing the Tagore family's vast landholdings. There, he beheld the lives of India's poor and common people; Tagore thereby took to examining their lives with a penetrative depth and feeling that was singular in Indian literature up to that point. In particular, such stories as "Kabuliwala" ("The Fruitseller from Kabul", published in 1892), "Kshudita Pashan" ("The Hungry Stones") (August 1895), and "Atottju"("The Runaway", 1895) typified this analytic focus on the downtrodden.

Works of Rabindranath Tagore


Context: Bangladesh elects on national level a legislature with one house or chamber. The unicameral Jatiyo Sangshad, meaning national parliament, has 350 members of which 300 members are directly elected through a national election for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies while 50 memberships are reserved for the women who are selected by the ruling party or coalition. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. The president who is the head of the state is elected by the National Parliament. The president of Bangladesh is a ceremonial post and he/she does not exercise any control over the running of the state.

Elections in Bangladesh


Context: Salimullah Khan's first book "Bangladesh: Jatiyo Obosthar Chalchitro" (1983) was a critique of Abdur Razzaq's famous lecture: "Bangladesh: State of the Nation". Upon publication, it came under censure of Ahmed Sofa. Salimullah Khan wrote on Lalon Shah, Ramaprasad Chanda, Jasimuddin, Roquia Sakhawat Hussain, Ahmed Sofa, Abul Hasan, Tareque Masud and some of his contemporaries.

Salimullah Khan


Context: WSC decided to place a greater emphasis on one-day cricket than it had previously been given in Australia. A one-day series, the "International Cup" featuring the Australian, West Indian and World teams, was played alongside six Supertests in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. The first day/night match, played at Melbourne's VFL Park, attracted some curiosity value, but generally the paying public were indifferent to the series. Many took a lead from the hostile press, and official cricket benefited from a dramatic Test series played between Australia and a touring Indian team. The ACB's masterstroke was the appointment of the 41-year-old Bobby Simpson as Australian captain, after a ten-year retirement from first-class cricket. He led a team of relatively unknown youngsters (with the exception of fast bowler Jeff Thomson, who did not sign up for the WSC) to a 3–2 series victory which was not decided until the final Test in Adelaide. Big crowds attended the Tests, and the media coverage was very supportive of the ACB throughout the summer.

World Series Cricket


Context: After the 1991 general election, the twelfth amendment to the constitution restored the parliamentary republic and Begum Khaleda Zia became Bangladesh's first female prime minister. Zia, a former first lady, led a BNP government from 1990 to 1996. In 1991 her finance minister, Saifur Rahman, began a major program to liberalize the Bangladeshi economy.

Bangladesh


Context: Manohar Gopalkrishna Prabhu Parrikar (born 13 December 1955) is an Indian politician and leader of Bharatiya Janata Party who has been Chief Minister of Goa since 14 March 2017. Previously he was Chief Minister of Goa from 2000 to 2005 and from 2012 to 2014.

Manohar Parrikar


Context: The use of petroleum dates back to ancient China more than 2000 years ago. In I Ching, one of the earliest Chinese writings cites the use of oil in its raw state without refining was first discovered, extracted, and used in China in the first century BCE. In addition, the Chinese were the first to use petroleum as fuel as the early as the fourth century BCE.

History of the petroleum industry


Context: In 2009, China Oceanwide Holdings Group, a private investment firm based in Beijing, bought 29% of Legend Holdings, the parent company of Lenovo, for 2.76 billion yuan. , 65% of Lenovo stock was held by the general public, 29% by Legend Holdings, 5.8% by Mr. Yang, and 0.2% by other directors.

Lenovo


Context: Alim-ud-Din (Urdu: علیم الدین; 15 December 1930 – 12 July 2012) was a Pakistani cricketer who played 25 Tests for Pakistan between 1954 and 1962. His name is sometimes rendered Alimuddin. A fast-scoring, right-handed opening batsman and occasional right-arm leg break bowler, he was the youngest player ever to appear in first-class cricket, aged 12 years and 73 days. In international cricket, he scored 1,091 runs at the average of 25.37, including two centuries and seven fifties. In 1954, he was a member of the Pakistani squad which toured England and recorded Pakistan's first Test match win. Former Pakistani captain Mushtaq Mohammad said about him that he was "a thorough gentleman as well as a great cricketer for Pakistan".

Alimuddin (cricketer)


Context: Ghostwritten is the first novel published by English author David Mitchell. Published in 1999, it won the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize and was widely acclaimed. The story takes place mainly around East Asia, but also moves through Russia, Britain, the USA and Ireland. It is written episodically; each chapter details a different story and central character, although they are all interlinked through seemingly coincidental events. Many of the themes from "Ghostwritten" continue in Mitchell’s subsequent novels, "number9dream" and "Cloud Atlas", and a character later appears in "The Bone Clocks."

Ghostwritten (novel)


Context: South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs) (abv. 24 PGS (S)) or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas is a district in the Indian State of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore. It is the largest district of West Bengal state by area and second largest by population. It is the sixth most populous district in India (out of 640). On one side is the urban fringe of Kolkata and on the other, the remote riverine villages in the Sundarbans.

South 24 Parganas


Context: Only after his accidental death in 1954 did a readership emerge that not only was comfortable with Jibanananda's style and diction but also enjoyed his poetry. Questions about the obscurity of his poetic message were no longer raised. By the time his birth centenary was celebrated in 1999, Jibanananda Das was the most popular and well-read poet of Bengali literature. Even when the last quarter of the 20th century ushered in the post-modern era, Jibanananda Das continued to be relevant to the new taste and fervour. This was possible because his poetry underwent many cycles of change, and later poems contain post-modern elements.

Jibanananda Das


Context: Sher Shah Suri, during his five-year rule from 1540 to 1545, set up a new civic and military administration and issued a coin of silver, weighing 178 grains, which was termed the "Rupiya". The silver coin remained in use during the Mughal period, Maratha era as well as in British India. Among the earliest issues of paper rupees include the "Bank of Hindostan" (1770–1832), the "General Bank of Bengal and Bihar" (1773–75, established by Warren Hastings), and the "Bengal Bank" (1784–91).

History of the rupee


Context: Zhou Enlai (; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served along with Chairman Mao Zedong and was instrumental in the Communist Party's rise to power, and later in consolidating its control, forming foreign policy, and developing the Chinese economy.

Zhou Enlai


Context: Other than municipality area, each subdivision contains community development blocks which in turn are divided into rural areas and census towns. In total there are 48 urban units: 27 municipalities and 20 census towns and 1 cantonment board.

North 24 Parganas district


Context: Science (from the Latin word "scientia", meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

Science


Context: The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) killed nearly 9,000 people and injured nearly 22,000. It occurred at <time datetime="2015-04-25 11:26"></time> on 25 April 2015, with a magnitude of 7.8M or 8.1M and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of VIII ("Severe"). Its epicenter was east of Gorkha District at Barpak, Gorkha, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately . It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake. The ground motion recorded in the capital of Nepal was of low frequency which, along with its occurrence at an hour where many people in rural areas were working outdoors, decreased the loss of property and human lives.

April 2015 Nepal earthquake


Context: In 1981, Sen published "Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation" (1981), a book in which he argued that famine occurs not only from a lack of food, but from inequalities built into mechanisms for distributing food. Sen also argued that the Bengal famine was caused by an urban economic boom that raised food prices, thereby causing millions of rural workers to starve to death when their wages did not keep up.

Amartya Sen


Context: Chittagong Division is subdivided into eleven districts (zilas) and thence into 99 sub-districts (upazilas). The first six districts listed below comprise the north-western portion (37.6%) of the division, while the remaining five comprise the south-eastern portion (62.4%), the two portions being separated by the lower (or Bangladeshi) stretch of the Feni River; the upland districts of Khagrachhari, Rangamati and Bandarban together comprise that area previously known as the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Before 1995, the four districts of Sylhet Division were also a part of Chittagong Division.

Chittagong Division


Context: Drought in India has resulted in tens of millions of deaths over the course of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on the climate of India: a favorable southwest summer monsoon is critical in securing water for irrigating Indian crops. In some parts of India, the failure of the monsoons result in water shortages, resulting in below-average crop yields. This is particularly true of major drought-prone regions such as southern and eastern Maharashtra, northern Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat, Telangana and Rajasthan.

Drought in India


Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

Context: At Hogwarts, a magical Sorting Hat sorts the first-years among four school Houses (Gryffindor, Slytherin, Hufflepuff and Ravenclaw) that best suit their personalities and talents. Draco joins Slytherin, known for dark wizards, while Harry, Ron, and Hermione are sorted into Gryffindor.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: Hermione warns the boys against investigating further and instead directs Harry's attention to his first Quidditch match. His broomstick's attempts to buck him off and Snape's strange behaviour during the match convinces Hermione he jinxed Harry's broom. Harry receives an anonymous Christmas gift – his father's invisibility cloak. Using it to explore the school, he discovers the Mirror of Erised, which shows what the viewer most desires. Harry sees his parents.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: Other members of staff include: the dumpy Herbology teacher and Head of Hufflepuff House Professor Sprout, Professor Flitwick, the tiny and excitable Charms teacher and Head of Ravenclaw House, the soporific History of Magic teacher, Professor Binns, a ghost who does not seem to have noticed his own death, and Madam Hooch, the Quidditch coach, who is strict, but a considerate and methodical teacher. The poltergeist Peeves wanders around the castle causing trouble wherever he can.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: Rowling also imagined a supporting cast of adults. The headmaster of Hogwarts is the powerful, but kind wizard Albus Dumbledore, who becomes Harry's confidant. Rowling described him as "the epitome of goodness". His right hand is severe Minerva McGonagall, the friendly half-giant Rubeus Hagrid, who saved Harry from the Dursley family and the sinister Severus Snape. Professor Quirrell is also featured in the novel.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: The main antagonists are Draco Malfoy, an elitist, bullying classmate, and Lord Voldemort, the most powerful evil wizard who becomes disembodied when he tries to kill baby Harry. According to a 1999 interview with Rowling, the character of Voldemort was created as a literary foil for Harry and his backstory was intentionally not fleshed-out at first:

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" won two publishing industry awards given for sales rather than literary merit, the British Book Awards Children's Book of the Year and the Booksellers' Association / "Bookseller" Author of the Year. By March 1999 UK editions had sold just over 300,000 copies and the story was still the UK's best-selling title in December 2001. A Braille edition was published in May 1998 by the Scottish Braille Press.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: Platform, from which the Hogwarts Express left London, was commemorated in the real-life King's Cross railway station with a sign and a trolley apparently passing through the wall.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: A year later, the US edition was selected as an American Library Association Notable Book, a "Publishers Weekly" Best Book of 1998 and a New York Public Library 1998 Best Book of the Year and won "Parenting Magazine"'s Book of the Year Award for 1998, the "School Library Journal" Best Book of the Year and the American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults. In 2012 it was ranked number 3 on a list of the top 100 children's novels published by "School Library Journal".

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: In May 2008, Scholastic announced the creation of a 10th Anniversary Edition of the book that was released on 1 October 2008 to mark the tenth anniversary of the original American release. For the fifteenth anniversary of the books, Scholastic re-released "Sorcerer's Stone", along with the other six novels in the series, with new cover art by Kazu Kibuishi in 2013.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: Librarian Nancy Knapp and marketing professor Stephen Brown noted the liveliness and detail of descriptions, especially of shop scenes such as Diagon Alley. Tad Brennan commented that Rowling's writing resembles that of Homer: "rapid, plain, and direct in expression." Stephen King admired "the sort of playful details of which only British fantasists seem capable" and concluded that they worked because Rowling enjoys a quick giggle and then moves briskly forward.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: An illustrated version of "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" was released on 6 October 2015, with illustrations by Jim Kay. The book carries over 100 illustrations and will be followed by illustrated versions of all seven books from the series by the same artist.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: In May 2020, a reading podcast by Spotify was created and entitled "Harry Potter at Home: Readings". Each chapter is narrated by a celebrity guest from the "Harry Potter" and "Wizarding World" franchises.

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Context: Five unique video games by different developers were released between 2001 and 2003 by Electronic Arts, that were loosely based on the film and book:

Question: জে. কে. রাউলিং রচিত হ্যারি পটার সিরিজ কোন প্রকাশনা সংস্থা থেকে প্রকাশিত হয় ?


Lobster

Context: Lobsters have long bodies with muscular tails, and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others. Highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important, and are often one of the most profitable commodities in coastal areas they populate.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Commercially important species include two species of "Homarus" (which look more like the stereotypical lobster) from the northern Atlantic Ocean, and scampi (which look more like a shrimp, or a "mini lobster") — the Northern Hemisphere genus "Nephrops" and the Southern Hemisphere genus "Metanephrops".

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Lobsters, like snails and spiders, have blue blood due to the presence of hemocyanin, which contains copper. In contrast, vertebrates and many other animals have red blood from iron-rich hemoglobin. Lobsters possess a green hepatopancreas, called the tomalley by chefs, which functions as the animal's liver and pancreas.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Lobsters of the family Nephropidae are similar in overall form to a number of other related groups. They differ from freshwater crayfish in lacking the joint between the last two segments of the thorax, and they differ from the reef lobsters of the family Enoplometopidae in having full claws on the first three pairs of legs, rather than just one. The distinctions from fossil families such as the Chilenophoberidae are based on the pattern of grooves on the carapace.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Analysis of the neural gene complement revealed extraordinary development of the chemosensory machinery, including a profound diversification of ligand-gated ion channels and secretory molecules.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Lobsters live up to an estimated 45 to 50 years in the wild, although determining age is difficult: it is typically estimated from size and other variables. Newer techniques may lead to more accurate age estimates.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Lobsters live in all oceans, on rocky, sandy, or muddy bottoms from the shoreline to beyond the edge of the continental shelf. They generally live singly in crevices or in burrows under rocks.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: In general, lobsters are long, and move by slowly walking on the sea floor. However, when they flee, they swim backward quickly by curling and uncurling their abdomens. A speed of has been recorded. This is known as the caridoid escape reaction.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Symbiotic animals of the genus "Symbion", the only known member of the phylum Cycliophora, live exclusively on lobster gills and mouthparts. Different species of "Symbion" have been found on the three commercially important lobsters of the North Atlantic Ocean: "Nephrops norvegicus", "Homarus gammarus", and "Homarus americanus".

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Lobster is commonly served boiled or steamed in the shell. Diners crack the shell with lobster crackers and fish out the meat with lobster picks. The meat is often eaten with melted butter and lemon juice. Lobster is also used in soup, bisque, lobster rolls, "cappon magro", and dishes such as lobster Newberg and lobster Thermidor.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Cooks boil or steam live lobsters. When a lobster is cooked, its shell's color changes from blue to orange because the heat from cooking breaks down a protein called crustacyanin, which suppresses the orange hue of the chemical astaxanthin, which is also found in the shell.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: According to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the mean level of mercury in American lobster between 2005 and 2007 was 0.107ppm.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: During the mid to late Roman period, lobster became a popular mid range delicacy. The price of lobster could vary widely due to a variety of factors, but evidence indicates that lobster was regularly transported inland over long distances to meet popular demand. A mosaic found in the ruins of Pompeii suggests that the spiny lobster was of considerable interest to the Roman population during the early imperial period.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Lobster was a popular food among the Moche people of Peru during the period between 50 CE and 800 CE. Besides its use as food, lobster shells were also used to create a light pink dye, ornaments, and tools. A mass-produced lobster shaped effigy vessel dated to this period attests to the popularity of lobster at this time, though the purpose of this vessel has not been identified.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: The Viking period saw an increase of lobster and other shellfish consumption among northern Europeans. This can be attributed to the overall increase of marine activity at this time due to the development of better boats and the increasing cultural investment in building ships and training sailors. The consumption of marine life went up overall in this period, and the consumption of lobster went up in accordance with this general trend.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Unlike fish, however, lobster had to be cooked within two days of leaving salt water, limiting the availability of lobster to inland dwellers. Thus lobster more than fish became a food primarily available to the relatively well off, at least among non-coastal dwellers.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: The French household guidebook "Le Ménagier de Paris," published in 1393, includes no less than five recipes including lobster, which vary in elaboration. A guidebook intended to provide advice for women running upper class households, "Le Ménagier de Paris" is similar to its predecessor in that it indicates the popularity of lobster as a food among the upper classes.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: That lobster was first mentioned in cookbooks during the 1300s and that it is only mentioned in two during this century should not be taken as an implication that lobster was not widely consumed before or during this time. Recipe collections were virtually non existent before the 1300s, and only a handful exist for the medieval period as a whole.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: As a crustacean, lobster remains a taboo food in the dietary laws of Judaism and certain streams of Islam.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Lobsters are caught using baited one-way traps with a color-coded marker buoy to mark cages. Lobster is fished in water between , although some lobsters live at . Cages are of plastic-coated galvanized steel or wood. A lobster fisher may tend as many as 2,000 traps.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: Around year 2000, owing to overfishing and high demand, lobster aquaculture expanded. However, as of 2008, no lobster aquaculture operation had achieved commercial success, mainly because of lobsters' tendency towards cannibalism and the slow growth of the species.

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Lobster

Context: The fossil record of clawed lobsters extends back at least to the Valanginian age of the Cretaceous (140 million years ago). This list contains all extant species in the family Nephropidae:

Question: গলদা-চিংড়ি কোন শ্রেণীর জীব ?


Existence of God

Context: Positions on the existence of God or deities can be divided along numerous axes, producing a variety of orthogonal classifications. Theism and atheism are positions of belief (or lack of it), while gnosticism and agnosticism are positions of knowledge (or the lack of it). Ignosticism concerns belief about God's conceptual coherence. Apatheism concerns belief about the practical importance of whether God exists.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: For the purposes of discussion, Richard Dawkins described seven "milestones" on his spectrum of theistic probability:

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The Catholic Church, following the teachings of Paul the Apostle (e.g., ), Thomas Aquinas, and the First Vatican Council, affirms that God's existence "can be known with certainty from the created world by the natural light of human reason".

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: In pantheism, God and the universe are considered to be the same thing. In this view, the natural sciences are essentially studying the nature of God. This definition of God creates the philosophical problem that a universe with God and one without God are the same, other than the words used to describe it.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The "Ethics" of Baruch Spinoza gave two demonstrations of the existence of God. The God of Spinoza is uncaused by any external force and has no free will, it is not personal and not anthropomorphic.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The atheistic conclusion is that the arguments and evidence both indicate there is insufficient reason to believe that any gods exist, and that personal subjective religious experiences say something about the human experience rather than the nature of reality itself; therefore, one has no reason to believe that a god exists.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Positive atheism (also called "strong atheism" and "hard atheism") is a form of atheism that asserts that no deities exist. The strong atheist explicitly asserts the non-existence of gods.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Negative atheism (also called "weak atheism" and "soft atheism") is any type of atheism other than positive, wherein a person does not believe in the existence of any deities, but does not explicitly assert there to be none.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims—is unknown or unknowable. Agnosticism does not define one's belief or disbelief in gods; agnostics may still identify themselves as theists or atheists.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Strong agnosticism is the belief that it is impossible for humans to know whether or not any deities exist.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Weak agnosticism is the belief that the existence or nonexistence of deities is unknown but not necessarily unknowable.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Agnostic theism is the philosophical view that encompasses both theism and agnosticism. An agnostic theist believes in the existence of a god or God, but regards the basis of this proposition as "unknown or inherently unknowable". Agnostic theists may also insist on ignorance regarding the properties of the gods they believe in.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Agnostic atheism is a philosophical position that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. Agnostic atheists are atheistic because they do not hold a belief in the existence of any deity and agnostic because they claim that the existence of a deity is either unknowable in principle or currently unknown in fact.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: An apatheist is someone who is not interested in accepting or denying any claims that gods exist or do not exist. An apatheist lives as if there are no gods and explains natural phenomena without reference to any deities. The existence of gods is not rejected, but may be designated unnecessary or useless; gods neither provide purpose to life, nor influence everyday life, according to this view.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Some philosophers have seen ignosticism as a variation of agnosticism or atheism, while others have considered it to be distinct. An ignostic maintains that he cannot even say whether he is a theist or an atheist until a sufficient definition of theism is put forth.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The term "ignosticism" was coined in the 1960s by Sherwin Wine, a rabbi and a founding figure of Humanistic Judaism. The term "igtheism" was coined by the secular humanist Paul Kurtz in his 1992 book "The New Skepticism".

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: In Karl Popper's philosophy of science, belief in a supernatural God is outside the natural domain of scientific investigation because all scientific hypotheses must be falsifiable in the natural world. The non-overlapping magisteria view proposed by Stephen Jay Gould also holds that the existence (or otherwise) of God is irrelevant to and beyond the domain of science.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: John Polkinghorne suggests that the nearest analogy to the existence of God in physics is the ideas of quantum mechanics which are seemingly paradoxical but make sense of a great deal of disparate data.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Alvin Plantinga compares the question of the existence of God to the question of the existence of other minds, claiming both are notoriously impossible to "prove" against a determined skeptic.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Philosophers, such as Wittgenstein, take a view that is considered anti-realist and oppose philosophical arguments related to God's existence. For instance, Charles Taylor contends that the real is whatever will not go away. If we cannot reduce talk about God to anything else, or replace it, or prove it false, then perhaps God is as real as anything else.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: In Vaisnavism Vishnu, or his intimate ontological form of Krishna, is equated to the personal absolute God of the Western traditions. Aspects of Krishna as "svayam bhagavan" in original Absolute Truth, "sat chit ananda", are understood originating from three essential attributes of Krishna's form, i.e., "eternal existence" or "", related to the "brahman" aspect; "knowledge" or chit, to the "paramatman"; and "bliss" or "ananda" in Sanskrit, to "bhagavan".

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Philosopher Stephen Toulmin is notable for his work in the history of ideas that features the (rational) warrant: a statement that connects the premises to a conclusion.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Joseph Hinman applied Toulmin's approach in his argument for the existence of God, particularly in his book "The Trace of God: A Rational Warrant for Belief". Instead of attempting to prove the existence of God, Hinman argues you can "demonstrate the rationally-warranted nature of belief".

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Finally, he discusses how both religious experience and belief in God is, and has always been, normative among humans: people do not need to prove the existence of God. If there is no need to prove, Hinman argues, and the Trace of God (for instance, the impact of mystical experiences on them), belief in God is rationally warranted.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: One type of cosmological, or "first cause" argument, typically called the Kalam cosmological argument, asserts that since everything that begins to exist has a cause, and the universe began to exist, the universe must have had a cause which was itself not caused. This ultimate first cause is identified with God. Christian apologist William Lane Craig gives a version of this argument in the following form:

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The ontological argument has been formulated by philosophers including St. Anselm and René Descartes. The argument proposes that God's existence is self-evident. The logic, depending on the formulation, reads roughly as follows:

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Arguments from testimony rely on the testimony or experience of witnesses, possibly embodying the propositions of a specific revealed religion. Swinburne argues that it is a principle of rationality that one should accept testimony unless there are strong reasons for not doing so.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The arguments below aim to show that a god or set of gods does not exist—by showing a creator is unnecessary or contradictory, at odds with known scientific or historical facts, or that there is insufficient proof that a god does exist.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The following empirical arguments rely on observations or experimentation to yield their conclusions.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The argument from parsimony (using Occam's razor) contends that since natural (non-supernatural) theories adequately explain the development of religion and belief in gods, the actual existence of such supernatural agents is superfluous and may be dismissed unless otherwise proven to be required to explain the phenomenon.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The argument from "historical induction" concludes that since most theistic religions throughout history (e.g. ancient Egyptian religion, ancient Greek religion) and their gods ultimately come to be regarded as untrue or incorrect, all theistic religions, including contemporary ones, are therefore most likely untrue/incorrect by induction. H. L. Mencken wrote a short piece about the topic entitled "Memorial Service" in 1922. It is implied as part of Stephen F. Roberts' popular quotation:

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: I contend that we are both atheists. I just believe in one fewer god than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all the other possible gods, you will understand why I dismiss yours.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The problem of evil contests the existence of a god who is both omnipotent and omnibenevolent by arguing that such a god should not permit the existence of evil or suffering. The theist responses are called theodicies. Similarly, the argument from poor design contends that an all-powerful, benevolent creator god would not have created lifeforms, including humans, which seem to exhibit poor design.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: The following arguments deduce, mostly through self-contradiction, the non-existence of a God as "the Creator".

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Some arguments focus on the existence of specific conceptions of God as being omniscient, omnipotent, and morally perfect.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Similar to the arguments for the existence of God, subjective arguments against God's existence mainly rely on the testimony or experience of witnesses, or the propositions of a revealed religion in general.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: According to Sinha, the following arguments were given by Samkhya philosophers against the idea of an eternal, self-caused, creator God:

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Therefore, Samkhya maintained that the various cosmological, ontological and teleological arguments could not prove God.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Existence of God

Context: Several authors have offered psychological or sociological explanations for belief in the existence of God or deities.

Question: ঈশ্বরের অস্তিত্বের পক্ষে দর্শনের কোন শাখায় আলোচনা করা হয়েছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: The Khulna Division () is the second largest of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of and a population of 15,563,000 at the 2011 Bangladesh census (preliminary returns). Its headquarters and largest city is Khulna city in Khulna District.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: The Khulna division borders to India by Presidency division of Indian State of West Bengal to the west, the Rajshahi Division to the north, the Dhaka division and the Barisal division to the east, and has a coastline on the Bay of Bengal to the south. It is part of the Ganges River delta or Greater Bengal Delta. Other rivers include the Madhumati River, the Bhairab River and the Kapotaksha River . The region also includes several islands in the Bay of Bengal.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: The Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest, is in the southern part of the delta.Khulna is in the northern part of the district, and the Mayur River is the western boundary of the metropolitan area.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: Most parts of the largest mangrove forest in the world — the Sundarban — is spread over the three most southerly districts of Satkhira, Khulna and Bagherhat.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: Khulna has six integrated general and vocational (IGV) schools and one technical school of UCEP (Underprivileged Children's Educational Programs), which is a non-profitable organization.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: The technical school is Khulna Mohsin Technical School, which is situated at 7, Junction Road, Baikali, Khulna.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: Kushtia Zilla School, Kushtia is one of the best schools in Khulna division. In higher secondary level Kushtia Govt. College, Kushtia is playing the same role as KZS, and thus in Khulna division education level increasing day by day.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: Khulna Division has highest transportation link with other area in Bangladesh as well as with India by Road Rail and Air.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: The national highway (N7) cross through Khulna Division which is connected Dhaka To Port of Mongla. The AH1 and AH41 also Cross through Khulna division. It also connect with India By Port of Benapole, Port of Dorshona , Port Of Mujibnogor, Port Of Bhomra through various Road link

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: There are several Railway route in Khulna Division which Connect various city of Bangladesh. It has also 2 international route which connect India by train.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: There are two airport in Khulna Division. One of them is functional and one under construction. The Jashore Airport is the functional airport in Khulna Division which connect Dhaka , Chattogram and Cox Bazar By air. And the Khan Jahan Ali International Airport is now under construction.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: Sixty Dome Mosque - Situated in the suburbs of Bagerhat, at the meeting-point of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, this ancient city, formerly known as Khalifatabad, was founded by the Turkish general Ulugh Khan Jahan in the 15th century. The city's infrastructure reveals considerable technical skill and an exceptional number of mosques and early Islamic monuments, many built of brick, can be seen there.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: Lalon is Bengali Baul saint. Lalon Shah was a songwriter, social reformer, and thinker. He is most popular as Lalon Shah or Lalon Fakir. He wrote many songs, and these songs are known as Lalon Geeti. Fakir Lalon was born in 1774 and died on 17 October 1890 in Kushtia district, Bangladesh. He is known as the Baul Samrat.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Khulna Division

Context: Shilaidaha Kuthibadi is a place in Kumarkhali Upazila of Kushtia District in Bangladesh. The place is famous for Kuthi Bari; a country house made by Dwarkanath Tagore. Rabindranath Tagore lived a part of life here and created some of his memorable poems while living here.

Question: খুলনা বিভাগের অন্তর্গত মোট কতগুলি জেলা আছে ?


Qing dynasty

Context: Early European writers used the term "Tartar" indiscriminately for all the peoples of Northern Eurasia but in the 17th century Catholic missionary writings established "Tartar" to refer only to the Manchus and "Tartary" for the lands they ruled.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: In English, the Qing dynasty is sometimes known as the "Manchu dynasty". It is rendered as "Ch'ing dynasty" in the once-standard Wade–Giles romanization.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: The Qing dynasty was founded not by Han Chinese, who constitute the majority of the Chinese population, but by the Manchu, descendants of a sedentary farming people known as the Jurchen, a Tungusic people who lived around the region now comprising the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang. The Manchus are sometimes mistaken for a nomadic people, which they were not.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: Two years later, Nurhaci announced the "Seven Grievances" and openly renounced the sovereignty of Ming overlordship in order to complete the unification of those Jurchen tribes still allied with the Ming emperor. After a series of successful battles, he relocated his capital from Hetu Ala to successively bigger captured Ming cities in Liaodong: first Liaoyang in 1621, then Shenyang (Manchu: Mukden) in 1625.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: Furthermore, the Khorchin proved a useful ally in the war, lending the Jurchens their expertise as cavalry archers. To guarantee this new alliance, Nurhaci initiated a policy of inter-marriages between the Jurchen and Khorchin nobilities, while those who resisted were met with military action. This is a typical example of Nurhaci's initiatives that eventually became official Qing government policy. During most of the Qing period, the Mongols gave military assistance to the Manchus.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: Meanwhile, Hong Taiji set up a rudimentary bureaucratic system based on the Ming model. He established six boards or executive level ministries in 1631 to oversee finance, personnel, rites, military, punishments, and public works. However, these administrative organs had very little role initially, and it was not until the eve of completing the conquest ten years later that they fulfilled their government roles.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: Hong Taiji died suddenly in September 1643. As the Jurchens had traditionally "elected" their leader through a council of nobles, the Qing state did not have a clear succession system. The leading contenders for power were Hong Taiji's oldest son Hooge and Hong Taiji's half brother Dorgon. A compromise installed Hong Taiji's five-year-old son, Fulin, as the Shunzhi Emperor, with Dorgon as regent and de facto leader of the Manchu nation.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: At the start of the dynasty, the Chinese empire continued to be the hegemonic power in East Asia. Although there was no formal ministry of foreign relations, the Lifan Yuan was responsible for relations with the Mongol and Tibetans in Central Asia, while the tributary system, a loose set of institutions and customs taken over from the Ming, in theory governed relations with East and Southeast Asian countries. The Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) stabilized relations with Tsarist Russia.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: In 1856, Qing authorities, in searching for a pirate, boarded a ship, the "Arrow", which the British claimed had been flying the British flag, an incident which led to the Second Opium War. In 1858, facing no other options, the Xianfeng Emperor agreed to the Treaty of Tientsin, which contained clauses deeply insulting to the Chinese, such as a demand that all official Chinese documents be written in English and a proviso granting British warships unlimited access to all navigable Chinese rivers.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: From the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qing rule.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: The Qing gentry were marked as much by their aspiration to a cultured lifestyle as by their legal status. They lived more refined and comfortable lives than the commoners and used sedan-chairs to travel any significant distance. They often showed off their learning by collecting objects such as scholars' stones,

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: Inner Mongols and Khalkha Mongols in the Qing rarely knew their ancestors beyond four generations and Mongol tribal society was not organized among patrilineal clans, contrary to what was commonly thought, but included unrelated people at the base unit of organization. The Qing tried but failed to promote the Chinese Neo-Confucian ideology of organizing society along patrimonial clans among the Mongols.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: The Abrahamic religions had arrived from Western Asia as early as the Tang dynasty but their insistence that they should be practiced to the exclusion of other religions made them less adaptable than Buddhism, which had quickly been accepted as native. Islam predominated in Central Asian areas of the empire, while Judaism and Christianity were practiced in well-established but self-contained communities.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: In the late 1840s Hong Xiuquan read Morrison's Chinese Bible, as well as Liang Afa's evangelistic pamphlet, and announced to his followers that Christianity in fact had been the religion of ancient China before Confucius and his followers drove it out. He formed the Taiping Movement, which emerged in South China as a "collusion of the Chinese tradition of millenarian rebellion and Christian messianism", "apocalyptic revolution, Christianity, and 'communist utopianism'".

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: By 1900, there were about 1,400 Catholic priests and nuns in China serving nearly 1 million Catholics. Over 3,000 Protestant missionaries were active among the 250,000 Protestant Christians in China. Western medical missionaries established clinics and hospitals, and led medical training in China. Missionaries began establishing nurse training schools in the late 1880s, but nursing of sick men by women was rejected by local tradition, so the number of students was small until the 1930s.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: Under the Qing, inherited forms of art flourished and innovations occurred at many levels and in many types. High levels of literacy, a successful publishing industry, prosperous cities, and the Confucian emphasis on cultivation all fed a lively and creative set of cultural fields.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: By the end of the nineteenth century, national artistic and cultural worlds had begun to come to terms with the cosmopolitan culture of the West and Japan. The decision to stay within old forms or welcome Western models was now a conscious choice rather than an unchallenged acceptance of tradition. Classically trained Confucian scholars such as Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei read widely and broke aesthetic and critical ground later cultivated in the New Culture Movement.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: Traditional learning flourished, especially among Ming loyalists such as Dai Zhen and Gu Yanwu, but scholars in the school of evidential learning made innovations in skeptical textual scholarship. Scholar-bureaucrats, including Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan, developed a school of practical statecraft which rooted bureaucratic reform and restructuring in classical philosophy.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: Ping-ti Ho criticized the new approach for exaggerating the Manchu character of the dynasty, which he argued had become sinified. Some scholars in China accused the American group of imposing American concerns with race and identity or even of imperialist misunderstanding to weaken China. Still others in China agree that this scholarship has opened new vistas for the study of Qing history.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?


Qing dynasty

Context: The "New Qing History" is not related to the "New Qing History", a multi-volume history authorized by the Chinese State Council in 2003.

Question: কোন সম্রাটের সময় চিন সাম্রাজ্যের আয়তন সবচেয়ে বেশি বৃদ্ধি পায় ?