Repeating decimal

Context: The reason for the cyclic behavior is apparent from an arithmetic exercise of long division of : the sequential remainders are the cyclic sequence . See also the article 142,857 for more properties of this cyclic number.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: A fraction which is cyclic thus has a recurring decimal of even length that divides into two sequences in nines' complement form. For example starts '142' and is followed by '857' while (by rotation) starts '857' followed by "its" nines' complement '142'.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: The rotation of the repetend of a cyclic number always happens in such a way that each successive repetend is a bigger number than the previous one. In the succession above, for instance, we see that 0.142857... < 0.285714... < 0.428571... < 0.571428... < 0.714285... < 0.857142... This, for cyclic fractions with long repetends, allows us to easily predict what the result of multiplying the fraction by any natural number n will be, as long as the repetend is known.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: A "proper prime" is a prime "p" which ends in the digit 1 in base 10 and whose reciprocal in base 10 has a repetend with length "p" − 1. In such primes, each digit 0, 1..., 9 appears in the repeating sequence the same number of times as does each other digit (namely, times). They are:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: 61, 131, 181, 461, 491, 541, 571, 701, 811, 821, 941, 971, 1021, 1051, 1091, 1171, 1181, 1291, 1301, 1349, 1381, 1531, 1571, 1621, 1741, 1811, 1829, 1861... .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: If a prime "p" is both full reptend prime and safe prime, then will produce a stream of "p" − 1 pseudo-random digits. Those primes are

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: To find the period of , we can check whether the prime "p" divides some number 999...999 in which the number of digits divides "p" − 1. Since the period is never greater than "p" − 1, we can obtain this by calculating . For example, for 11 we get

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: Those reciprocals of primes can be associated with several sequences of repeating decimals. For example, the multiples of can be divided into two sets, with different repetends. The first set is:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: In general, the set of proper multiples of reciprocals of a prime "p" consists of "n" subsets, each with repetend length "k", where "nk" = "p" − 1.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: For an arbitrary integer "n", the length "L"("n") of the decimal repetend of divides "φ"("n"), where "φ" is the totient function. The length is equal to if and only if 10 is a primitive root modulo "n".

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: In particular, it follows that if and only if "p" is a prime and 10 is a primitive root modulo "p". Then, the decimal expansions of for "n" = 1, 2, ..., "p" − 1, all have period "p" − 1 and differ only by a cyclic permutation. Such numbers "p" are called full repetend primes.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: The period (repetend length) "L"(49) must be a factor of "λ"(49) = 42, where "λ"("n") is known as the Carmichael function. This follows from Carmichael's theorem which states that if "n" is a positive integer then "λ"("n") is the smallest integer "m" such that

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: The period of is usually "pT""p", where "T""p" is the period of . There are three known primes for which this is not true, and for those the period of is the same as the period of because "p"2 divides 10"p"−1−1. These three primes are 3, 487, and 56598313 .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: If "p" and "q" are primes other than 2 or 5, the decimal representation of the fraction repeats. An example is :

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: The period "T" of is LCM("T""p", "T""q"), where "T""p" is the period of and "T""q" is the period of .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: If "p", "q", "r", etc. are primes other than 2 or 5, and "k", "ℓ", "m", etc. are positive integers, then

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: where "Tpk", "Tqℓ", "Trm"... are respectively the period of the repeating decimals , , ... as defined above.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: An integer that is not coprime to 10 but has a prime factor other than 2 or 5 has a reciprocal that is eventually periodic, but with a non-repeating sequence of digits that precede the repeating part. The reciprocal can be expressed as:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: The procedure below can be applied in particular if the repetend has "n" digits, all of which are 0 except the final one which is 1. For instance for "n" = 7:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: So this particular repeating decimal corresponds to the fraction , where the denominator is the number written as "n" 9s. Knowing just that, a general repeating decimal can be expressed as a fraction without having to solve an equation. For example, one could reason:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: It is possible to get a general formula expressing a repeating decimal with an "n"-digit period (repetend length), beginning right after the decimal point, as a fraction:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: If the repeating decimal is between 0 and 1, and the repeating block is "n" digits long, first occurring right after the decimal point, then the fraction (not necessarily reduced) will be the integer number represented by the "n"-digit block divided by the one represented by "n" 9s. For example,

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: If the repeating decimal is as above, except that there are "k" (extra) digits 0 between the decimal point and the repeating "n"-digit block, then one can simply add "k" digits 0 after the "n" digits 9 of the denominator (and, as before, the fraction may subsequently be simplified). For example,

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: Any repeating decimal not of the form described above can be written as a sum of a terminating decimal and a repeating decimal of one of the two above types (actually the first type suffices, but that could require the terminating decimal to be negative). For example,

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: It follows that any repeating decimal with period "n", and "k" digits after the decimal point that do not belong to the repeating part, can be written as a (not necessarily reduced) fraction whose denominator is (10"n" − 1)10"k".

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: Conversely the period of the repeating decimal of a fraction will be (at most) the smallest number "n" such that 10"n" − 1 is divisible by "d".

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: For example, the fraction has "d" = 7, and the smallest "k" that makes 10"k" − 1 divisible by 7 is "k" = 6, because 999999 = 7 × 142857. The period of the fraction is therefore 6.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: In the generated fraction, the digit formula_17 will be repeated formula_16 times, and the digit formula_19 will be repeated formula_14 times.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: The symbol formula_23 in the examples above denotes the absence of digits of part formula_13 in the decimal, and therefore formula_25 and a corresponding absence in the generated fraction.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: A repeating decimal can also be expressed as an infinite series. That is, a repeating decimal can be regarded as the sum of an infinite number of rational numbers. To take the simplest example,

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: The above series is a geometric series with the first term as and the common factor . Because the absolute value of the common factor is less than 1, we can say that the geometric series converges and find the exact value in the form of a fraction by using the following formula where "a" is the first term of the series and "r" is the common factor.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: The cyclic behavior of repeating decimals in multiplication also leads to the construction of integers which are cyclically permuted when multiplied by certain numbers. For example, . 102564 is the repetend of and 410256 the repetend of .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: Various features of repeating decimals extend to the representation of numbers in all other integer bases, not just base 10:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: For example, in duodecimal, = 0.6, = 0.4, = 0.3 and = 0.2 all terminate; = 0. repeats with period length 4, in contrast with the equivalent decimal expansion of 0.2; = 0. has period 6 in duodecimal, just as it does in decimal.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: which is 0.base12. 10base12 is 12base10, 102base12 is 144base10, 21base12 is 25base10, A5base12 is 125base10.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: For a rational (and base ) there is the following algorithm producing the repetend together with its length:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: The subsequent line calculates the new remainder of the division modulo the denominator . As a consequence of the floor function codice_1 we have

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: Because all these remainders are non-negative integers less than , there can be only a finite number of them with the consequence that they must recur in the codice_2 loop. Such a recurrence is detected by the associative array codice_3. The new digit is formed in the yellow line, where is the only non-constant. The length of the repetend equals the number of the remainders (see also section Every rational number is either a terminating or repeating decimal).

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: Repeating decimals (also called decimal sequences) have found cryptographic and error-correction coding applications. In these applications repeating decimals to base 2 are generally used which gives rise to binary sequences. The maximum length binary sequence for (when 2 is a primitive root of "p") is given by:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: These sequences of period "p" − 1 have an autocorrelation function that has a negative peak of −1 for shift of . The randomness of these sequences has been examined by diehard tests.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Caracas

Context: Some areas of the city have a grid layout, either inherited from the colony or developed during the urban projects of the 20th century. Other areas, built on the mountain slopes, do not follow this pattern, but adapt to the irregularities of the terrain. These elevated areas enjoy a temperate temperature throughout the year.

Question: 베네수엘라에서 가장 큰 도시는 무엇인가?


Caracas

Context: During the 1960s, President Rómulo Betancourt followed the same policy as the Marcos Pérez Jiménez government: promoting immigration, especially from Latin America and from other parts of the world. These policies were maintained until the late 1980s, with a notable influx of Argentines, Uruguayans, Chileans, Cubans, Peruvians, Ecuadorians, Chinese, and Arabs. Towards the beginning of the 1980s, immigration was marked by a strong exodus of Colombians.

Question: 베네수엘라에서 가장 큰 도시는 무엇인가?


Caracas

Context: The multiethnic, cultural and racial mix has marked the city throughout history. Its ethnic composition is very diverse.

Question: 베네수엘라에서 가장 큰 도시는 무엇인가?


Caracas

Context: In 2013, the World Economic Forum evaluated countries in terms of how successful they were in advertizing campaigns to attract foreign visitors. Out of the 140 countries evaluated, Venezuela came last. A major factor that has contributed to the lack of foreign visitors has been poor transport for tourists. Venezuela has limited railway systems and airlines. High crime rates and the negative attitude of the Venezuelan population towards tourism also contributed to the poor evaluation.

Question: 베네수엘라에서 가장 큰 도시는 무엇인가?


Caracas

Context: According to Article 3 of the Capital District Law, the legislative function is exercised directly by the Republic through the National Assembly of Venezuela.

Question: 베네수엘라에서 가장 큰 도시는 무엇인가?


Caracas

Context: The Central University of Venezuela ("Universidad Central de Venezuela", UCV) is a public university founded in 1721: it is the oldest university in Venezuela. The university campus was designed by architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva and declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000.

Question: 베네수엘라에서 가장 큰 도시는 무엇인가?


Caracas

Context: The system inaugurated in 1983 has 71 km and with five lines, being one of the longest in Latin America and expansions of it are being built towards the towns of Guarenas and Guatire. The expansion plans also include the extension to the Baruta and Hatillo municipalities, as well as other metrocable systems in the city center.

Question: 베네수엘라에서 가장 큰 도시는 무엇인가?


Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life

Context: Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life is a three-part television documentary presented by Richard Dawkins which explores what reason and science might offer in major events of human lives. He argues that ideas about the soul and the afterlife, of sin and God's purpose have shaped human thinking for thousands of years. He believes science can provide answers to some of these old questions we used to entrust to religion.

Question: 리처드 도킨스는 언제 태어났는가?


Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life

Context: In the second episode, Dawkins investigates different beliefs about death and afterlife. He brings together neuroscience, evolutionary and genetic theory to examine what happens as we age and why humans crave life after death.

Question: 리처드 도킨스는 언제 태어났는가?


Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life

Context: In the third and final episode, Dawkins examines how both religious and non-religious people struggle to find meaning in their lives. Segments of the episode are anchored to aspects of the lives of writers Leo Tolstoy, Graham Greene, and Albert Camus (specifically "The Myth of Sisyphus").

Question: 리처드 도킨스는 언제 태어났는가?


Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Context: The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (; SP; ) or Swiss Socialist Party (, ; PS), is a political party in Switzerland. The SP has had two representatives on the Federal Council since 1960 and received the second highest total number of votes in the 2019 Swiss federal election.

Question: 스위스 사회당은 언제 창당했나요?


Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Context: Unlike most other Swiss parties, the SP is the largest pro-European party in Switzerland and supports Swiss membership of the European Union. Additionally, it is strongly opposed to capitalism and maintains a long-term goal of "overcoming capitalism". The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an associate member of the Party of European Socialists.

Question: 스위스 사회당은 언제 창당했나요?


Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Context: The party's historical archives are hosted today by the Swiss Social Archives which was in 1906 by Paul Pflüger. At a 1912 party conference in Neuenburg, the question of women's suffrage was debated for the first time. The SP accepted a proposal which committed the party to take any opportunity to "agitate for the introduction of women's suffrage."

Question: 스위스 사회당은 언제 창당했나요?


Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Context: In the 1970s and 1980s, the SP gained new followers from the new social movements that arose from the protests of 1968, but lost part of their traditional voter base in the working class. This change led to fierce internal disputes and led to a decline in electoral success. After serious losses in the 1987 Swiss federal election, the SP was only the third-largest party in the National Council. This resulted in the foundation of a breakaway Democratic-Social Party, which was not a success.

Question: 스위스 사회당은 언제 창당했나요?


Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Context: In June 1997, the party conference chose Zurich city councillor, Ursula Koch as party president (the first woman to hold the role), rather than the favourite . In the 1999 Swiss federal election, Koch was also elected to the Federal Council. She resigned as party president and Federal councillor in 2000, due to internal party pressure. Her successor was Christiane Brunner, who led the party until 2004.

Question: 스위스 사회당은 언제 창당했나요?


Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Context: The SP is composed of around 900 sections across Switzerland, which exists at cantonal and municipal levels. Each of the 32,000 party members are registered in a local section and thus are members of both the cantonal and national parties. Local sections elect delegates to attend the regular party members' conferences; these delegates are entitled to vote in cantonal party conferences.

Question: 스위스 사회당은 언제 창당했나요?


Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Context: Each of the 26 cantonal sections (Valais is divided into two sections, namely "Oberwallis" and "Valais Romand") elect delegates for national party conferences. The number of delegates for each canton is equivalent to the number of seats that the canton has in the National Assembly.

Question: 스위스 사회당은 언제 창당했나요?


Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Context: The SP supports classical social-democratic policies, as well as some democratic socialist ones. To that rule, the SP stands for a government offering strong public services. The SP is against far-reaching economic liberalism and is in favor of social progressivism, environmental policy with climate change mitigation, for an open foreign policy and a national security policy based on pacifism.

Question: 스위스 사회당은 언제 창당했나요?


Synthetic fiber

Context: Nylon, the first synthetic fiber in the "fully synthetic" sense of that term, was developed by Wallace Carothers, an American researcher at the chemical firm DuPont in the 1930s. It soon made its debut in the United States as a replacement for silk, just in time for the introduction of rationing during World War II. Its novel use as a material for women's stockings overshadowed more practical uses, such as a replacement for the silk in parachutes and other military uses like ropes.

Question: 인공적으로 섬유를 만들 수 있게 한 최초의 공학자는 누구인가요?


Synthetic fiber

Context: The first polyester fiber was patented in Britain in 1928 by the International General Electric company. It was also produced by British chemists working at the Calico Printers' Association, John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson, in 1941. They produced and patented one of the first polyester fibers which they named Terylene, also known as Dacron, equal to or surpassing nylon in toughness and resilience. ICI and DuPont went on to produce their own versions of the fiber.

Question: 인공적으로 섬유를 만들 수 있게 한 최초의 공학자는 누구인가요?


Synthetic fiber

Context: Synthetic fibers are made from synthesized polymers of small molecules. The compounds that are used to make these fibers come from raw materials such as petroleum-based chemicals or petrochemicals. These materials are polymerized into a chemical that bonds two adjacent carbon atoms. Differint chemical compounds are used to produce different types of synthetic fibers.

Question: 인공적으로 섬유를 만들 수 있게 한 최초의 공학자는 누구인가요?


Synthetic fiber

Context: Synthetic fibers account for about half of all fiber usage, with applications in every field of fiber and textile technology. Although many classes of fibers based on synthetic polymers have been evaluated as potentially valuable commercial products, four of them - nylon, polyester, acrylic and polyolefin - dominate the market. These four account for approximately 98 percent by volume of synthetic fiber production, with polyester alone accounting for around 60 percent.

Question: 인공적으로 섬유를 만들 수 있게 한 최초의 공학자는 누구인가요?


Synthetic fiber

Context: Compared to natural fibers, many synthetic fibers are more water-resistant and stain-resistant. Some are even specially enhanced to withstand damage from water or stains.

Question: 인공적으로 섬유를 만들 수 있게 한 최초의 공학자는 누구인가요?


Cold War

Context: In "The Observer" of 10 March 1946, Orwell wrote, "after the Moscow conference last December, Russia began to make a 'cold war' on Britain and the British Empire."

Question: 2차 세계대전이후 소비에트 연방은 왜 미국과 냉전채제에 돌입하였는가?


Physics

Context: Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, with its main goal being to understand how the universe behaves. A scientist who specializes in the field of physics is called a physicist.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism, solid-state physics, and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Natural philosophy has its origins in Greece during the Archaic period (650 BCE – 480 BCE), when pre-Socratic philosophers like Thales rejected non-naturalistic explanations for natural phenomena and proclaimed that every event had a natural cause. They proposed ideas verified by reason and observation, and many of their hypotheses proved successful in experiment; for example, atomism was found to be correct approximately 2000 years after it was proposed by Leucippus and his pupil Democritus.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: The Western Roman Empire fell in the fifth century, and this resulted in a decline in intellectual pursuits in the western part of Europe. By contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire) resisted the attacks from the barbarians, and continued to advance various fields of learning, including physics.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: In the sixth century, Isidore of Miletus created an important compilation of Archimedes' works that are copied in the Archimedes Palimpsest.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Islamic scholarship inherited Aristotelian physics from the Greeks and during the Islamic Golden Age developed it further, especially placing emphasis on observation and "a priori" reasoning, developing early forms of the scientific method.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: The translation of "The Book of Optics" had a huge impact on Europe. From it, later European scholars were able to build devices that replicated those Ibn al-Haytham had built, and understand the way light works. From this, important inventions such as eyeglasses, magnifying glasses, telescopes, and cameras were developed.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Physics became a separate science when early modern Europeans used experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are now considered to be the laws of physics.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: By the 19th century, physics was realized as a discipline distinct from philosophy and the other sciences. Physics, as with the rest of science, relies on philosophy of science and its "scientific method" to advance our knowledge of the physical world. The scientific method employs "a priori reasoning" as well as "a posteriori" reasoning and the use of Bayesian inference to measure the validity of a given theory.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: The development of physics has answered many questions of early philosophers, but has also raised new questions. Study of the philosophical issues surrounding physics, the philosophy of physics, involves issues such as the nature of space and time, determinism, and metaphysical outlooks such as empiricism, naturalism and realism.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Many physicists have written about the philosophical implications of their work, for instance Laplace, who championed causal determinism, and Schrödinger, who wrote on quantum mechanics. The mathematical physicist Roger Penrose had been called a Platonist by Stephen Hawking, a view Penrose discusses in his book, "The Road to Reality". Hawking referred to himself as an "unashamed reductionist" and took issue with Penrose's views.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: These central theories are important tools for research into more specialised topics, and any physicist, regardless of their specialisation, is expected to be literate in them. These include classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, and special relativity.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: While physics aims to discover universal laws, its theories lie in explicit domains of applicability.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Mathematics provides a compact and exact language used to describe the order in nature. This was noted and advocated by Pythagoras, Plato, Galileo, and Newton.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Physics uses mathematics to organise and formulate experimental results. From those results, precise or estimated solutions are obtained, or quantitative results, from which new predictions can be made and experimentally confirmed or negated. The results from physics experiments are numerical data, with their units of measure and estimates of the errors in the measurements. Technologies based on mathematics, like computation have made computational physics an active area of research.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Applied physics is a general term for physics research, which is intended for a particular use. An applied physics curriculum usually contains a few classes in an applied discipline, like geology or electrical engineering. It usually differs from engineering in that an applied physicist may not be designing something in particular, but rather is using physics or conducting physics research with the aim of developing new technologies or solving a problem.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: The approach is similar to that of applied mathematics. Applied physicists use physics in scientific research. For instance, people working on accelerator physics might seek to build better particle detectors for research in theoretical physics.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Physics is used heavily in engineering. For example, statics, a subfield of mechanics, is used in the building of bridges and other static structures. The understanding and use of acoustics results in sound control and better concert halls; similarly, the use of optics creates better optical devices. An understanding of physics makes for more realistic flight simulators, video games, and movies, and is often critical in forensic investigations.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: But there is also considerable interdisciplinarity, so many other important fields are influenced by physics (e.g., the fields of econophysics and sociophysics).

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Physicists use the scientific method to test the validity of a physical theory. By using a methodical approach to compare the implications of a theory with the conclusions drawn from its related experiments and observations, physicists are better able to test the validity of a theory in a logical, unbiased, and repeatable way. To that end, experiments are performed and observations are made in order to determine the validity or invalidity of the theory.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: A scientific law is a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relation that expresses a fundamental principle of some theory, such as Newton's law of universal gravitation.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Physicists who work at the interplay of theory and experiment are called phenomenologists, who study complex phenomena observed in experiment and work to relate them to a fundamental theory.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Theoretical physics has historically taken inspiration from philosophy; electromagnetism was unified this way. Beyond the known universe, the field of theoretical physics also deals with hypothetical issues, such as parallel universes, a multiverse, and higher dimensions. Theorists invoke these ideas in hopes of solving particular problems with existing theories; they then explore the consequences of these ideas and work toward making testable predictions.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Experimental physics expands, and is expanded by, engineering and technology. Experimental physicists who are involved in basic research, design and perform experiments with equipment such as particle accelerators and lasers, whereas those involved in applied research often work in industry, developing technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transistors. Feynman has noted that experimentalists may seek areas that have not been explored well by theorists.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Since the 20th century, the individual fields of physics have become increasingly specialised, and today most physicists work in a single field for their entire careers. "Universalists" such as Einstein (1879–1955) and Lev Landau (1908–1968), who worked in multiple fields of physics, are now very rare.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: The major fields of physics, along with their subfields and the theories and concepts they employ, are shown in the following table.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Particle physics is the study of the elementary constituents of matter and energy and the interactions between them. In addition, particle physicists design and develop the high-energy accelerators, detectors, and computer programs necessary for this research. The field is also called "high-energy physics" because many elementary particles do not occur naturally but are created only during high-energy collisions of other particles.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the constituents and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those in nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter–matter and light–matter interactions on the scale of single atoms and molecules. The three areas are grouped together because of their interrelationships, the similarity of methods used, and the commonality of their relevant energy scales. All three areas include both classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments; they can treat their subject from a microscopic view (in contrast to a macroscopic view).

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Atomic physics studies the electron shells of atoms. Current research focuses on activities in quantum control, cooling and trapping of atoms and ions, low-temperature collision dynamics and the effects of electron correlation on structure and dynamics. Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus (see hyperfine splitting), but intra-nuclear phenomena such as fission and fusion are considered part of nuclear physics.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Molecular physics focuses on multi-atomic structures and their internal and external interactions with matter and light. Optical physics is distinct from optics in that it tends to focus not on the control of classical light fields by macroscopic objects but on the fundamental properties of optical fields and their interactions with matter in the microscopic realm.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter. In particular, it is concerned with the "condensed" phases that appear whenever the number of particles in a system is extremely large and the interactions between them are strong.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: The most familiar examples of condensed phases are solids and liquids, which arise from the bonding by way of the electromagnetic force between atoms. More exotic condensed phases include the superfluid and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in certain atomic systems at very low temperature, the superconducting phase exhibited by conduction electrons in certain materials, and the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Astrophysics and astronomy are the application of the theories and methods of physics to the study of stellar structure, stellar evolution, the origin of the Solar System, and related problems of cosmology. Because astrophysics is a broad subject, astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: The discovery by Karl Jansky in 1931 that radio signals were emitted by celestial bodies initiated the science of radio astronomy. Most recently, the frontiers of astronomy have been expanded by space exploration. Perturbations and interference from the earth's atmosphere make space-based observations necessary for infrared, ultraviolet, gamma-ray, and X-ray astronomy.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Physical cosmology is the study of the formation and evolution of the universe on its largest scales. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity plays a central role in all modern cosmological theories. In the early 20th century, Hubble's discovery that the universe is expanding, as shown by the Hubble diagram, prompted rival explanations known as the steady state universe and the Big Bang.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: The Big Bang was confirmed by the success of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1964. The Big Bang model rests on two theoretical pillars: Albert Einstein's general relativity and the cosmological principle. Cosmologists have recently established the ΛCDM model of the evolution of the universe, which includes cosmic inflation, dark energy, and dark matter.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: IBEX is already yielding new astrophysical discoveries: "No one knows what is creating the ENA (energetic neutral atoms) ribbon" along the termination shock of the solar wind, "but everyone agrees that it means the textbook picture of the heliosphere—in which the Solar System's enveloping pocket filled with the solar wind's charged particles is plowing through the onrushing 'galactic wind' of the interstellar medium in the shape of a comet—is wrong."

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: In condensed matter physics, an important unsolved theoretical problem is that of high-temperature superconductivity. Many condensed matter experiments are aiming to fabricate workable spintronics and quantum computers.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: Although much progress has been made in high-energy, quantum, and astronomical physics, many everyday phenomena involving complexity, chaos, or turbulence are still poorly understood. Complex problems that seem like they could be solved by a clever application of dynamics and mechanics remain unsolved; examples include the formation of sandpiles, nodes in trickling water, the shape of water droplets, mechanisms of surface tension catastrophes, and self-sorting in shaken heterogeneous collections.

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Physics

Context: These complex phenomena have received growing attention since the 1970s for several reasons, including the availability of modern mathematical methods and computers, which enabled complex systems to be modeled in new ways. Complex physics has become part of increasingly interdisciplinary research, as exemplified by the study of turbulence in aerodynamics and the observation of pattern formation in biological systems. In the 1932 "Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics", Horace Lamb said:

Question: 물리학자란 어떤 연구를하는 학자인가?


Michael Jackson

Context: Michael maintained ties to the Jackson 5. The Jackson 5 were later described as "a cutting-edge example of black crossover artists". They were frustrated by Motown's refusal to allow them creative input. Jackson's performance of their top five single "Dancing Machine" on "Soul Train" popularized the robot dance.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: The Jackson 5 left Motown in 1975, signing with Epic Records and renaming themselves the Jacksons. Their younger brother Randy joined the band around this time; Jermaine stayed with Motown and pursued a solo career. The Jacksons continued to tour internationally, and released six more albums between 1976 and 1984. Michael, the group's main songwriter during this time, wrote songs such as "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" (1978), "This Place Hotel" (1980), and "Can You Feel It" (1980).

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: On May 14, 1984, President Ronald Reagan gave Jackson an award recognizing his support of alcohol and drug abuse charities, and in recognition of his support for the Ad Council's and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Drunk Driving Prevention campaign. Jackson allowed the campaign to use "Beat It" for its public service announcements.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In November 1983, Jackson and his brothers partnered with PepsiCo in a $5million promotional deal that broke records for a celebrity endorsement (). The first Pepsi campaign, which ran in the US from 1983 to 1984 and launched its "New Generation" theme, included tour sponsorship, public relations events, and in-store displays. Jackson helped to create the advertisement, and suggested using his song "Billie Jean", with revised lyrics, as its jingle.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: These tabloid stories inspired the name "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson came to despise. According to music journalist Joseph Vogel, the demeaning name first appeared in British tabloid "The Sun" in 1985. The name's origins come from Jacko Macacco, the name of a famous monkey used in monkey-baiting matches at the Westminster Pit in the early 1820s. "Jacko" was used in Cockney slang to refer to monkeys in general, hence a racist connotation behind the name.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: The Bad world tour ran from September 12, 1987, to January 14, 1989. In Japan, the tour had 14 sellouts and drew 570,000 people, nearly tripling the previous record for a single tour. The 504,000 people who attended seven sold-out shows at Wembley Stadium set a new Guinness World Record.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In March 1988, Jackson purchased of land near Santa Ynez, California, to build a new home, Neverland Ranch, at a cost of $17million (). He installed a Ferris wheel, a carousel, a movie theater and a zoo. A security staff of 40 patrolled the grounds. Shortly afterwards, he appeared in the first Western television advertisement in the Soviet Union.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In January 1993, Jackson performed at the Super Bowl XXVII halftime show in Pasadena, California. The NFL sought a big-name artist to keep ratings high during halftime following dwindling audience figures. It was the first Super Bowl whose half-time performance drew greater audience figures than the game. Jackson played "Jam", "Billie Jean", "Black or White", and "Heal the World". "Dangerous" rose 90 places in the album chart after the performance.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In 1995 the Anti-Defamation League and other groups complained that "Jew me, sue me, everybody do me/ Kick me, kike me, don't you black or white me", the original lyrics of "They Don't Care About Us", were antisemitic. Jackson released a version with revised words.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In late 1995, Jackson was admitted to a hospital after collapsing during rehearsals for a televised performance, caused by a stress-related panic attack. In November, Jackson merged his ATV Music catalog with Sony's music publishing division, creating Sony/ATV Music Publishing. He retained ownership of half the company, earning $95million up front () as well as the rights to more songs.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: "Earth Song" was the third single released from "HIStory", and topped the UK Singles Chart for six weeks over Christmas 1995. It became the 87th-bestselling single in the UK. At the 1996 Brit Awards, Jackson's performance of "Earth Song" was disrupted by Pulp singer Jarvis Cocker, who was protesting what Cocker saw as Jackson's "Christ-like" persona. Jackson said the stage invasion was "disgusting and cowardly".

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In 1997, Jackson released "", which contained remixes of singles from "HIStory" and five new songs. Worldwide sales stand at copies, making it the best-selling remix album of all time. It reached number one in the UK, as did the title track. In the US, the album reached number 24 and was certified platinum.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: On April 24, 2002, Jackson performed at Apollo Theater. The concert was a fundraiser for the Democratic National Committee and former President Bill Clinton. The money collected would be used to encourage citizens to vote. It raised $2.5million. The concert was called and was one of Jackson's final on-stage performances.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: On November 18, 2003, Sony released "Number Ones", a greatest hits compilation. It was certified five-times platinum by the RIAA, and nine times platinum in the UK, for shipments of at least 2.7million units.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In December 2009, The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released files on Michael Jackson. These files revealed the Bureau's role in the 2005 trial and the 1993 allegations against Jackson, among other revelations. The FBI found no evidence of criminal conduct on Jackson's behalf.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In early 2006, it was announced that Jackson had signed a contract with a Bahrain-based startup, Two Seas Records; nothing came of the deal, and Two Seas CEO Guy Holmes later said it was never finalized. That October, Fox News reported that Jackson had been recording at a studio in County Westmeath, Ireland. It was not known what Jackson was working on, or who had paid for the sessions; his publicist stated that he had left Two Seas by then.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In 2007, Jackson and Sony bought another music publishing company, Famous Music LLC, formerly owned by Viacom. The deal gave him the rights to songs by Eminem and Beck, among others. In a brief interview with the Associated Press in Tokyo, Jackson said he had no regrets about his lifelong career despite difficulties and "deliberate attempts to hurt [him]". That March, Jackson visited a US Army post in Japan, Camp Zama, to greet over 3,000 troops and their families.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In September 2007, Jackson was still working on his next album, which he never completed. For the 25th anniversary of "Thriller" in 2008, Jackson and Sony released "Thriller 25", with two remixes released as singles: "The Girl Is Mine 2008" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008". For Jackson's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a series of greatest hits albums, "King of Pop," with different tracklists for different regions.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: Jackson's memorial was held on July 7, 2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, preceded by a private family service at Forest Lawn Memorial Park's Hall of Liberty. Over 1.6million fans applied for tickets to the memorial; the 8,750 recipients were drawn at random, and each received two tickets. The memorial service was one of the most watched events in streaming history, with an estimated US audience of 31.1million and a worldwide audience of an estimated 2.5 to 3 billion.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In August 2009, the Los Angeles County Coroner ruled that Jackson's death was a homicide. Law enforcement officials charged Murray with involuntary manslaughter on February 8, 2010. In late 2011, he was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter and held without bail to await sentencing. Murray was sentenced to four years in prison.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In 2014, Jackson became the first artist to have a top ten single in the "Billboard" Hot 100 in five different decades. The following year, "Thriller" became the first album to be certified for 30million shipments by the RIAA; a year later, it was certified 33× platinum, after Soundscan added streams and audio downloads to album certifications.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: Video game developer Ubisoft released a music video game featuring Jackson for the 2010 holiday season, ";" it was among the first games to use Kinect and PlayStation Move, the motion-detecting camera systems for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In April 2011, Mohamed Al-Fayed, chairman of Fulham Football Club, unveiled a statue of Jackson outside the club stadium, Craven Cottage. It was moved to the National Football Museum in Manchester in May 2014, and removed from display in March 2019 following renewed sexual assault allegations.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In October 2011, the theater company Cirque du Soleil launched "," a $57-million production, in Montreal, with a permanent show resident in Las Vegas. A larger and more theatrical Cirque show, "," designed for residency at the Mandalay Bay resort in Las Vegas, opened on May 23, 2013, in a renovated theater.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In November 2019, it was reported that a Jackson biopic, produced by "Bohemian Rhapsody" (2018) producer Graham King, was in the works, with the screenplay written by John Logan. Jackson's estate granted King the rights to his music and will work with King. A jukebox musical, "MJ the Musical", premiered on Broadway in 2022. Actor Myles Frost won the 2022 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his portrayal of Jackson.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: Jackson was influenced by musicians including James Brown, Little Richard, Jackie Wilson, Diana Ross, Fred Astaire, Sammy Davis Jr., Gene Kelly, and David Ruffin. Little Richard had a substantial influence on Jackson, but Brown was his greatest inspiration; he later said that as a small child, his mother would wake him whenever Brown appeared on television. Jackson described being "mesmerized".

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: Jackson's vocal technique was influenced by Diana Ross; his use of the "oooh" interjection from a young age was something Ross had used on many of her songs with the Supremes. She was a mother figure to him, and he often watched her rehearse. He said he had learned a lot from watching how she moved and sang, and that she had encouraged him to have confidence in himself.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: Choreographer David Winters, who met Jackson while choreographing the 1971 Diana Ross TV special "Diana!", said that Jackson watched the musical "West Side Story" almost every week, and it was his favorite film; he paid tribute to it in "Beat It" and the "Bad" video.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In December 2009, the Library of Congress selected "Thriller" as the only music video to be preserved in the National Film Registry, as a work of "enduring importance to American culture". Huey wrote that Jackson transformed the music video into an artform and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameos, while breaking down racial barriers.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Michael Jackson

Context: In 2016, "Forbes" estimated annual gross earnings by the Jackson Estate at $825million, the largest ever recorded for a celebrity, mostly due to the sale of the Sony/ATV catalog. In 2018, the figure was $400million. It was the eighth year since his death that Jackson's annual earnings were reported to be over $100million, thus bringing Jackson's postmortem total to $2.4billion. In 2020, "Forbes" recognized Jackson as the top-earning dead celebrity each year since his death except 2012.

Question: 마이클 잭슨은 언제 데뷔하였는가?


Tunis

Context: Because of population pressure and the rate of migration to the capital, the city continued to grow, even with the creation of new districts in the suburbs. Old buildings have gradually been renovated and upgraded and new buildings have come to influence the urban landscape. At the same time, an active policy of industrialization is developing the municipal economy.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: In 1985, the PLO's headquarters was bombed by Israeli Air Force F-15s, killing approximately 60 people.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: Following the municipal elections of 6 May 2018, Ennahdha obtained 21 seats out of 60. Nidaa Tounes came second with 17 seats. On 3 July 2018, the head of the Ennahdha list Souad Abderrahim was elected by the council as the new mayor of the capital.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: The 2008 budget adopted by the City Council is structured as follows: 61.61 million dinars for operations and 32,516 million dinars for investment. It reflects the improved financial situation of the municipality, the year 2007 was a year registering a surplus in resources that allowed the settlement of debts of the municipality and the strengthening of its credibility with respect its suppliers and public and private partners.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: Products include textiles, carpets, and olive oil. Tourism also provides a significant portion of the city's income.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: Domestic architecture (palaces and townhouses), official and civilian (libraries and administrations), religious (mosques and zaouïas), and services (commercial and fondouks) are located in the Medina. The notion of public space is ambiguous in the case of Medina where the streets are seen as an extension of the houses and subject to social tags. The concept of ownership is low however and souks often spill out onto public roads. Today, each district has its culture, and rivalries can be strong.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: The souks are a network of covered streets lined with shops and traders and artisans ordered by specialty. Clothing merchants, perfumers, fruit sellers, booksellers, and wool merchants have goods at the souks, while fishmongers, blacksmiths, and potters tend to be relegated to the periphery of the markets.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: Souk El Berka leads to Souk El Leffa, a souk that sells many carpets, blankets, and other weavings, and extends with the Souk Es Sarragine, built in the early 18th century and specializing in leather. At the periphery are the souks Et Trouk, El Blat, El Blaghgia, El Kébabgia, En Nhas (copper), Es Sabbaghine (dyeing) and El Grana that sell clothing and blankets and was occupied by Jewish merchants.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: In 1964 the Dar Ben Abdallah, a palace probably dating back to the 18th century, became the seat of the capital's Museum of Arts and Popular Traditions. In its exposition halls, it holds numerous traditional items, witnesses of the everyday lives of families of the Medina quarter.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: The Museum of the National Movement is situated in Dar Maâkal Az-Zaïm, which was the residence of nationalist Habib Bourguiba for the entirety of the fight for independence. After the advent of independence, a museum was built there to relate the details of the national struggle between 1938 and 1952.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: Other arts are also represented in the capital. The National Center of the Arts established the puppet theatre in 1976. The National School of Circus Arts was founded following a meeting between the Director of the National Theater and the Director General of the National Center for Arts of Châlons-en-Champagne (France) in 1998. In addition, various small theatres and cultural centers are scattered throughout the city and display various artistic performances.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: The city holds several festivals each year, of which the largest is the International Festival of Carthage which takes place in July and August. Founded in 1964, much of the festival is held in an old amphitheater of Carthage (with a capacity of 7,500 seats), and hosts the performances of singers, musicians, actors, dancers, and films on display on outdoor screens.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Tunis

Context: Housed in a former home of a Hafsid scholar, the library of the Khaldounia was founded in 1896 along with the creation of the educational institution. After independence and following the consolidation of programs of education, the association ceased operations but the library is now linked to the National Library, which provides for its management.

Question: 튀니지의 수도는 어디인가?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: He is known to be a moderating force during his time in the conservative Saenuri Party (GNP's successor) and does not always adopt his party's policies and convictions.

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: He graduated from the college of law in Seoul National University. He is well known for being ranked first in two major state examinations: the College Scholastic Ability Test (1982) and the National Judicial Exam (1992).

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: During his youth, he was a member of the Korean labour and student movements for 7 years, fighting for the right of labour and democratization.

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: Passing the 34th National Judicial Exam (1992) and completing courses at Judicial Research and Training Institute, he worked as a public prosecutor in Seoul, Yeoju, and Busan from 1995 to August 1998.

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: In 2000, Won was elected as a member of the National Assembly for Yangchon A District. He was re-elected twice in 2004 and 2008.

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: He served as a member of the Science, Technology, Information & Telecommunication Committee, Legislation & Judiciary Committee (2002), Unification, Foreign Affairs & Trade Committee (2004), Finance & Economy Committee (2006), and Commerce, Industry & Energy Committee (2007) in the National Assembly.

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: He has been a member of World Economic Forum since 2003 and was elected as a young global leader by WEF (2005).

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: After retiring from the national assembly in 2012, Won ran and was elected the Governor of Jeju Province in 2014. He won re-election in 2018 as an independent candidate.

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: Won resigned as governor on August 11, 2021, to focus on his second presidential campaign. He survived primary and secondary elimination of the People Power Party presidential primaries and advanced to the final runoff.

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Won Hee-ryong

Context: In April 2022, he was nominated as Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport by Yoon Suk-yeol, then-president-elect. Controversies around his use of public money on omakase, and various traffic violations he committed over the years rose during his confirmation hearing.

Question: 제주도의 현재 도지사는 누구인가요?


Belarus

Context: The term "Belorussia" (, the latter part similar but spelled and stressed differently from Росси́я, "Russia") first rose in the days of the Russian Empire, and the Russian Tsar was usually styled "the Tsar of All the Russias", as "Russia" or the "Russian Empire" was formed by three parts of Russia—the Great, Little, and White. This asserted that the territories are all Russian and all the peoples are also Russian; in the case of the Belarusians, they were variants of the Russian people.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, the term "White Russia" caused some confusion, as it was also the name of the military force that opposed the red Bolsheviks. During the period of the Byelorussian SSR, the term "Byelorussia" was embraced as part of a national consciousness. In western Belarus under Polish control, "Byelorussia" became commonly used in the regions of Białystok and Grodno during the interwar period.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The term "Byelorussia" (its names in other languages such as English being based on the Russian form) was only used officially until 1991. Officially, the full name of the country is "Republic of Belarus" (, , ). In Russia, the usage of "Belorussia" is still very common.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: In the 9th century the territory of modern Belarus became part of Kievan Rus', a vast East Slavic state ruled by the Rurikid dynasty. Upon the death of Kievan Rus' ruler Yaroslav I the Wise in 1054, the state split into independent principalities. The Battle on the Nemiga River in 1067 was one of the more notable events of the period, the date of which is considered the founding date of Minsk.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The Muscovites, led by Ivan III of Moscow, began military campaigns in 1486 in an attempt to incorporate the former lands of Kievan Rus', specifically the territories of modern-day Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: On 2 February 1386, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland were joined in a personal union through a marriage of their rulers. This union set in motion the developments that eventually resulted in the formation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, created in 1569 by the Union of Lublin.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The Statutes were initially issued in the Ruthenian language alone and later also in Polish. Around 1840 the Statutes were banned by the Russian tsar following the November Uprising. Ukrainian lands used them until 1860s.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The union between Poland and Lithuania ended in 1795 with the Third Partition of Poland by Imperial Russia, Prussia, and Austria. The Belarusian territories acquired by the Russian Empire under the reign of Catherine II were included into the Belarusian Governorate () in 1796 and held until their occupation by the German Empire during World War I.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Under Nicholas I and Alexander III the national cultures were repressed. Policies of Polonization changed by Russification, which included the return to Orthodox Christianity of Belarusian Uniates. Belarusian language was banned in schools while in neighboring Samogitia primary school education with Samogitian literacy was allowed.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: During the negotiations of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Belarus first declared independence under German occupation on 25 March 1918, forming the Belarusian People's Republic. Immediately afterwards, the Polish–Soviet War ignited, and the territory of Belarus was divided between Poland and Soviet Russia. The Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic exists as a government in exile ever since then; in fact, it is currently the world's longest serving government in exile.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The Byelorussian SSR was the hardest-hit Soviet republic in World War II; it remained in Nazi hands until 1944. The German called for the extermination, expulsion, or enslavement of most or all Belarusians for the purpose of providing more living space in the East for Germans. Most of Western Belarus became part of the "Reichskommissariat Ostland" in 1941, but in 1943 the German authorities allowed local collaborators to set up a client state, the Belarusian Central Council.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: After the war, Belarus was among the 51 founding member states of the United Nations Charter and as such it was allowed an additional vote at the UN, on top of the Soviet Union's vote. Vigorous postwar reconstruction promptly followed the end of the war and the Byelorussian SSR became a major center of manufacturing in the western USSR, creating jobs and attracting ethnic Russians. The borders of the Byelorussian SSR and Poland were redrawn, in accord with the 1919-proposed Curzon Line.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Joseph Stalin implemented a policy of Sovietization to isolate the Byelorussian SSR from Western influences. This policy involved sending Russians from various parts of the Soviet Union and placing them in key positions in the Byelorussian SSR government. After Stalin's death in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev continued his predecessor's cultural hegemony program, stating, "The sooner we all start speaking Russian, the faster we shall build communism."

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Soviet Belarusian communist politician Andrei Gromyko, who served as Soviet foreign minister (1957–1985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1988), was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he was replaced by Eduard Shevardnadze. In 1986, the Byelorussian SSR was contaminated with most (70%) of the nuclear fallout from the explosion at the Chernobyl power plant located 16 km beyond the border in the neighboring Ukrainian SSR.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: By the late 1980s, political liberalization led to a national revival, with the Belarusian Popular Front becoming a major pro-independence force.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: In March 1990, elections for seats in the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR took place. Though the opposition candidates, mostly associated with the pro-independence Belarusian Popular Front, took only 10% of the seats. Belarus declared itself sovereign on 27 July 1990 by issuing the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Mass protests erupted in spring 1991 and became known as the Belarusian revolution. With the support of the Communist Party, the country's name was changed to the Republic of Belarus on 25 August 1991. Stanislau Shushkevich, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus, met with Boris Yeltsin of Russia and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine on 8 December 1991 in Białowieża Forest to formally declare the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: A national constitution was adopted in March 1994 in which the functions of prime minister were given to the President of Belarus. A two-round election for the presidency on 24 June 1994 and 10 July 1994 catapulted the formerly unknown Alexander Lukashenko into national prominence. He garnered 45% of the vote in the first round and 80% in the second, defeating Vyacheslav Kebich who received 14% of the vote.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Lukashenko was officially re-elected in 2001, in 2006, in 2010, in 2015 and again in 2020, although none of those elections were considered free or fair nor democratic.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch have criticized Lukashenko's violations of human rights.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarus lies between latitudes 51° and 57° N, and longitudes 23° and 33° E. Its extension from north to south is , from west to east is . It is landlocked, relatively flat, and contains large tracts of marshy land. About 40% of Belarus is covered by forests. The country lies within two ecoregions: Sarmatic mixed forests and Central European mixed forests.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Many streams and 11,000 lakes are found in Belarus. Three major rivers run through the country: the Neman, the Pripyat, and the Dnieper. The Neman flows westward towards the Baltic sea and the Pripyat flows eastward to the Dnieper; the Dnieper flows southward towards the Black Sea.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The highest point is Dzyarzhynskaya Hara (Dzyarzhynsk Hill) at , and the lowest point is on the Neman River at . The average elevation of Belarus is above sea level. The climate features mild to cold winters, with January minimum temperatures ranging from in southwest (Brest) to in northeast (Vitebsk), and cool and moist summers with an average temperature of . Belarus has an average annual rainfall of . The country is in the transitional zone between continental climates and maritime climates.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarus borders five countries: Latvia to the north, Lithuania to the northwest, Poland to the west, Russia to the north and the east, and Ukraine to the south. Treaties in 1995 and 1996 demarcated Belarus's borders with Latvia and Lithuania, and Belarus ratified a 1997 treaty establishing the Belarus-Ukraine border in 2009. Belarus and Lithuania ratified final border demarcation documents in February 2007.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarus, by constitution, is a presidential republic with separation of powers, governed by a president and the National Assembly.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Under Lukashenko, Belarus has been considered an autocracy where power is ultimately concentrated in the hands of the president, elections are not free and judicial independence is weak.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: In the 2012 parliamentary election, 105 of the 110 members elected to the House of Representatives were not affiliated with any political party. The Communist Party of Belarus won 3 seats, and the Agrarian Party and Republican Party of Labour and Justice, one each. Most non-partisans represent a wide scope of social organizations such as workers' collectives, public associations, and civil society organizations, similar to the composition of the Soviet legislature.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: In the 2006 presidential election, Lukashenko was opposed by Alaksandar Milinkievič, who represented a coalition of opposition parties, and by Alaksandar Kazulin of the Social Democrats. Kazulin was detained and beaten by police during protests surrounding the All Belarusian People's Assembly. Lukashenko won the election with 80% of the vote; the Russian Federation and the CIS deemed the vote open and fair while the OSCE and other organizations called the election unfair.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: In the 2020 presidential election, Lukashenko won again with official results giving him 80% of the vote, leading to mass protests and numerous countries not recognizing the result, with the EU imposing sanctions.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The Byelorussian SSR was one of the two Soviet republics that joined the United Nations along with the Ukrainian SSR as one of the original 51 members in 1945. Belarus and Russia have been close trading partners and diplomatic allies since the breakup of the Soviet Union. Belarus is dependent on Russia for imports of raw materials and for its export market.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Bilateral relations with the United States are strained; the United States had not had an ambassador in Minsk since 2007 and Belarus never had an ambassador in Washington since 2008. Diplomatic relations remained tense, and in 2004, the United States passed the Belarus Democracy Act, which authorized funding for anti-government Belarusian NGOs, and prohibited loans to the Belarusian government, except for humanitarian purposes.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Lieutenant General Viktor Khrenin heads the Ministry of Defence, and Alexander Lukashenko (as president) serves as Commander-in-Chief. The armed forces were formed in 1992 using parts of the former Soviet Armed Forces on the new republic's territory. The transformation of the ex-Soviet forces into the Armed Forces of Belarus, which was completed in 1997, reduced the number of its soldiers by 30,000 and restructured its leadership and military formations.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Most of Belarus's service members are conscripts, who serve for 12 months if they have higher education or 18 months if they do not. Demographic decreases in the Belarusians of conscription age have increased the importance of contract soldiers, who numbered 12,000 in 2001. In 2005, about 1.4% of Belarus's gross domestic product was devoted to military expenditure.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The judicial system in Belarus lacks independence and is subject to political interference. Corrupt practices such as bribery often took place during tender processes, and whistleblower protection and national ombudsman are lacking in Belarus's anti-corruption system.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: As for 2019, the administrative-territorial and territorial units include 115 cities, 85 urban-type settlements, and 23,075 rural settlements.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarus has trade relations with over 180 countries. The main trading partners are Russia, which accounts for about 45% of Belarusian exports and 55% of imports, and the EU countries, which account for 25% of exports and 20% of imports.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: In 2019 the share of manufacturing in GDP was 31%, over two-thirds of this amount falls on manufacturing industries. The number of people employed in the industry is 34.7% of the working population. The growth rate is much lower than for the economy as a whole—about 2.2% in 2021. At the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Belarus was one of the world's most industrially developed states by percentage of GDP as well as the richest CIS member-state.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: In 2015, 39.3% of Belarusians were employed by state-controlled companies, 57.2% were employed by private companies (in which the government has a 21.1% stake) and 3.5% were employed by foreign companies. The country relies on Russia for various imports, including petroleum. Important agricultural products include potatoes and cattle byproducts, including meat. In 1994, Belarus's main exports included heavy machinery (especially tractors), agricultural products, and energy products.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Economically, Belarus involved itself in the CIS, Eurasian Economic Community, and Union with Russia.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: In the 1990s, however, industrial production plunged due to decreases in imports, investment, and demand for Belarusian products from its trading partners. GDP only began to rise in 1996; the country was the fastest-recovering former Soviet republic in the terms of its economy. In 2006, GDP amounted to US$83.1 billion in purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars (estimate), or about $8,100 per capita. In 2005, GDP increased by 9.9%; the inflation rate averaged 9.5%.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, under Lukashenko's leadership, Belarus has maintained government control over key industries and eschewed the large-scale privatizations seen in other former Soviet republics.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Due to its failure to protect labor rights, including passing laws forbidding unemployment or working outside of state-controlled sectors, Belarus lost its EU Generalized System of Preferences status on 21 June 2007, which raised tariff rates to their prior most favored nation levels. Belarus applied to become a member of the World Trade Organization in 1993.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The banking system of Belarus consists of two levels: Central Bank (National Bank of the Republic of Belarus) and 25 commercial banks.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: According to the 2019 census the population was 9.41 million with ethnic Belarusians constituting 84.9% of Belarus's total population. Minority groups include: Russians (7.5%), Poles (3.1%), and Ukrainians (1.7%).

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarus has a population density of about 50 people per square kilometre (127 per sq mi); 70% of its total population is concentrated in urban areas. Minsk, the nation's capital and largest city, was home to 1,937,900 residents . Gomel, with a population of 481,000, is the second-largest city and serves as the capital of the Homiel Voblast. Other large cities are Mogilev (365,100), Vitebsk (342,400), Hrodna (314,800) and Brest (298,300).

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarus's Catholic minority is concentrated in the western part of the country, especially around Hrodna, is made up of a mixture of Belarusians and the country's Polish and Lithuanian minorities. President Lukashenko has stated that Orthodox and Catholic believers are the "two main confessions in our country".

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarus's two official languages are Russian and Belarusian; Russian is the most common language spoken at home, used by 70% of the population, while Belarusian, the official first language, is spoken at home by 23%. Minorities also speak Polish, Ukrainian and Eastern Yiddish. Belarusian, although not as widely used as Russian, is the mother tongue of 53.2% of the population, whereas Russian is the mother tongue of only 41.5%.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The Belarusian government sponsors annual cultural festivals such as the Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk, which showcases Belarusian performers, artists, writers, musicians, and actors. Several state holidays, such as Independence Day and Victory Day, draw big crowds and often include displays such as fireworks and military parades, especially in Vitebsk and Minsk. The government's Ministry of Culture finances events promoting Belarusian arts and culture both inside and outside the country.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarusian literature began with 11th- to 13th-century religious scripture, such as the 12th-century poetry of Cyril of Turaw.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The last major revival of Belarusian literature occurred in the 1960s with novels published by Vasil Bykaŭ and Uladzimir Karatkievich. An influential author who devoted his work to awakening the awareness of the catastrophes the country has suffered, was Ales Adamovich. He was named by Svetlana Alexievich, the Belarusian winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2015, as "her main teacher, who helped her to find a path of her own".

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Marc Chagall was born in Liozna (near Vitebsk) in 1887. He spent the World War I years in Soviet Belarus, becoming one of the country's most distinguished artists and a member of the modernist avant-garde and was a founder of the Vitebsk Arts College.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarusian cuisine consists mainly of vegetables, meat (particularly pork), and bread. Foods are usually either slowly cooked or stewed. Typically, Belarusians eat a light breakfast and two hearty meals later in the day. Wheat and rye bread are consumed in Belarus, but rye is more plentiful because conditions are too harsh for growing wheat. To show hospitality, a host traditionally presents an offering of bread and salt when greeting a guest or visitor.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Darya Domracheva is a leading biathlete whose honours include three gold medals at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Tennis player Victoria Azarenka became the first Belarusian to win a Grand Slam singles title at the Australian Open in 2012. She also won the gold medal in mixed doubles at the 2012 Summer Olympics with Max Mirnyi, who holds ten Grand Slam titles in doubles.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Other notable Belarusian sportspeople include cyclist Vasil Kiryienka, who won the 2015 Road World Time Trial Championship, and middle-distance runner Maryna Arzamasava, who won the gold medal in the 800m at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Andrei Arlovski, who was born in Babruysk, Byelorussian SSR, is a current UFC fighter and the former UFC heavyweight champion of the world.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarus is also known for its strong rhythmic gymnasts. Noticeable gymnasts include Inna Zhukova, who earned silver at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Liubov Charkashyna, who earned bronze at the 2012 London Olympics and Melitina Staniouta, Bronze All-Around Medalist of the 2015 World Championships. The Belorussian senior group earned bronze at the 2012 London Olympics.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: The state telecom monopoly, Beltelecom, holds the exclusive interconnection with Internet providers outside of Belarus. Beltelecom owns all the backbone channels that linked to the Lattelecom, TEO LT, Tata Communications (former Teleglobe), Synterra, Rostelecom, Transtelekom and MTS ISPs. Beltelecom is the only operator licensed to provide commercial VoIP services in Belarus.

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


Belarus

Context: Belarus has four UNESCO-designated World Heritage Sites: the Mir Castle Complex, the Nesvizh Castle, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha (shared with Poland), and the Struve Geodetic Arc (shared with nine other countries).

Question: 벨라루스의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank has been criticized as promoting inflation and harming economic development. The way it is governed has been criticized. There have been major protests against the bank. There has also been criticism of the bank’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank Group is an extended family of five international organizations, and the parent organization of the World Bank, the collective name given to the first two listed organizations, the IBRD and the IDA:

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Although many countries were represented at the Bretton Woods Conference, the United States and United Kingdom were the most powerful in attendance and dominated the negotiations. The intention behind the founding of the World Bank was to provide temporary loans to low-income countries that could not obtain loans commercially. The Bank may also make loans and demand policy reforms from recipients.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Before 1974, the reconstruction and development loans the World Bank made were relatively small. Its staff was aware of the need to instill confidence in the bank. Fiscal conservatism ruled, and loan applications had to meet strict criteria.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: From 1974 to 1980, the bank concentrated on meeting the basic needs of people in the developing world. The size and number of loans to borrowers greatly increased, as loan targets expanded from infrastructure into social services and other sectors.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank Administrative Tribunal was established in 1980, to decide on disputes between the World Bank Group and its staff where allegation of non-observance of contracts of employment or terms of appointment had not been honored.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: McNamara was succeeded by US President Jimmy Carter's nominee, Alden W. Clausen, in 1980. Clausen replaced many members of McNamara's staff and crafted a different mission emphasis. His 1982 decision to replace the bank's Chief Economist, Hollis B. Chenery, with Anne Krueger was an example of this new focus. Krueger was known for her criticism of development funding and for describing Third World governments as "rent-seeking states".

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: During the 1980s, the bank emphasized lending to service Third-World debt, and structural adjustment policies designed to streamline the economies of developing nations. UNICEF reported in the late 1980s that the structural adjustment programs of the World Bank had been responsible for "reduced health, nutritional and educational levels for tens of millions of children in Asia, Latin America, and Africa".

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: In order to promote global public goods, the World Bank tries to control communicable diseases such as malaria, delivering vaccines to several parts of the world, and joining combat forces. In 2000 the bank announced a "war on AIDS" and in 2011 the Bank joined the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Traditionally, based on a tacit understanding between the United States and Europe, the president of the World Bank has been selected from candidates nominated by the United States. This is significant because the World Bank tends to lend more readily to countries that are friendly with the United States, not because of direct U.S. influence but because of the employees of the World Bank. In 2012, for the first time, two non-US citizens were nominated.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: On 23 March 2012, U.S. President Barack Obama announced that the United States would nominate Jim Yong Kim as the next president of the Bank. Jim Yong Kim was elected on 27 April 2012 and reelected to a second five-year term in 2017. He announced that he would resign effective 1 February 2019. He was replaced on an interim basis by now-former World Bank CEO Kristalina Georgieva, then by David Malpass on 9 April 2019.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Amid the global fight with the COVID-19 pandemic, in September 2020 the World Bank announced a $12 billion plan to supply "low and middle income countries" with a vaccine once it is approved. The plan is set to affect over two billion people.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Various developments brought the Millennium Development Goals targets for 2015 within reach in some cases. For the goals to be realized, six criteria must be met: stronger and more inclusive growth in Africa and fragile states, more effort in health and education, integration of the development and environment agendas, more as well as better aid, movement on trade negotiations, and stronger and more focused support from multilateral institutions like the World Bank.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: To ensure that World Bank-financed operations do not compromise these goals but instead add to their realisation, the following environmental, social, and legal safeguards were defined: Environmental Assessment, Indigenous Peoples, Involuntary Resettlement, Physical Cultural Resources, Forests, Natural Habitats, Pest Management, Safety of Dams, Projects in Disputed Areas, Projects on International Waterways, and Performance Standards for Private Sector Activities.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: At the World Bank's 2012 annual meeting in Tokyo, a review of these safeguards was initiated, which was welcomed by several civil society organisations. As a result, the World Bank developed a new Environmental and Social Framework, which has been in implementation since 1 October 2018.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The vice presidents of the Bank are its principal managers, in charge of regions, sectors, networks and functions. There are two executive vice presidents, three senior vice presidents, and 24 vice presidents.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The boards of directors consist of the World Bank Group president and 25 executive directors. The president is the presiding officer, and ordinarily has no vote except to break a tie. The executive directors as individuals cannot exercise any power or commit or represent the Bank unless the boards specifically authorized them to do so. With the term beginning 1 November 2010, the number of executive directors increased by one, to 25.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Among notable politicians who worked for World Bank is former Afghanistan president, Ashraf Ghani. A mid-level employee, Fakhruddin Ahmed was the chief adviser of the interim Government of Bangladesh during the political crisis of 2006-2008.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The changes were brought about with the goal of making voting more universal in regards to standards, rule-based with objective indicators, and transparent among other things. Now, developing countries have an increased voice in the "Pool Model", backed especially by Europe. Additionally, voting power is based on economic size in addition to the International Development Association contributions.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: For the poorest developing countries in the world, the bank's assistance plans are based on poverty reduction strategies; by combining an analysis of local groups with an analysis of the country's financial and economic situation the World Bank develops a plan pertaining to the country in question. The government then identifies the country's priorities and targets for the reduction of poverty, and the World Bank instigates its aid efforts correspondingly.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Forty-five countries pledged US$25.1 billion in "aid for the world's poorest countries", aid that goes to the World Bank International Development Association (IDA), which distributes the loans to eighty poorer countries. Wealthier nations sometimes fund their own aid projects, including those for diseases. Robert B. Zoellick, the former president of the World Bank, said when the loans were announced on 15 December 2007, that IDA money "is the core funding that the poorest developing countries rely on".

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: World Bank organizes the Development Marketplace Awards, a grant program that surfaces and funds development projects with potential for development impact that are scalable and/or replicable. The grant beneficiaries are social enterprises with projects that aim to deliver social and public services to groups with the lowest incomes.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank has been assigned temporary management responsibility of the Clean Technology Fund (CTF), focused on making renewable energy cost-competitive with coal-fired power as quickly as possible, but this may not continue after UN's Copenhagen climate change conference in December 2009, because of the Bank's continued investment in coal-fired power plants. (In December 2017, Kim announced the World Bank would no longer finance fossil fuel development.)

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: A 4-degree warmer world can, and must be, avoided—we need to hold warming below 2 degrees ... Lack of action on climate change threatens to make the world our children inherit a completely different world than we are living in today. Climate change is one of the single biggest challenges facing development, and we need to assume the moral responsibility to take action on behalf of future generations, especially the poorest.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank doubled its aid for climate change adaptation from $2.3bn (£1.47bn) in 2011 to $4.6bn in 2012. The planet is now 0.8 °C warmer than in pre-industrial times. It says that 2 °C warming will be reached in 20 to 30 years.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: In December 2017, Kim announced the World Bank would no longer finance fossil fuel development, but a 2019 International Consortium of Investigative Journalists article found that the Bank continues "to finance oil and gas exploration, pipelines and refineries," that "these fossil fuel investments make up a greater share of the bank's current energy lending portfolio than renewable projects," and that the Bank "has yet to meaningfully shift away from fossil fuels."

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: EU finance ministers joined civil sector groups, including Extinction Rebellion, in November 2019 in calling for an end to World Bank funding of fossil fuels.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: In 2021, the World Bank offered support to Kazakhstan to help the country in its mission for decarbonization and carbon neutrality.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank Institute (WBI) was a "global connector of knowledge, learning and innovation for poverty reduction". It aimed to inspire change agents and prepare them with essential tools that can help achieve development results.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The Global Development Learning Network (GDLN) is a partnership of over 120 learning centers (GDLN Affiliates) in nearly 80 countries around the world. GDLN Affiliates collaborate in holding events that connect people across countries and regions for learning and dialogue on development issues.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: GDLN Asia Pacific was launched at the GDLN's East Asia and Pacific regional meeting held in Bangkok from 22 to 24 May 2006. Its vision is to become "the premier network exchanging ideas, experience and know-how across the Asia Pacific Region". GDLN Asia Pacific is a separate entity to The World Bank. It has endorsed its own Charter and Business Plan and, in accordance with the Charter, a GDLN Asia Pacific Governing Committee has been appointed.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The committee comprises China (2), Australia (1), Thailand (1), The World Bank (1), and finally, a nominee of the Government of Japan (1). The organization is currently hosted by Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand, a founding member of the GDLN Asia Pacific.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The Governing Committee has determined that the most appropriate legal status for the GDLN AP in Thailand is a "Foundation". The World Bank is engaging a solicitor in Thailand to process all documentation in order to obtain this status.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The JUSTPAL Network includes representatives of judiciaries, ministries of justice, prosecutors, anti-corruption agencies, and other justice-related entities from across the globe. It has active members from more than 50 countries.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: To facilitate fruitful exchange of reform experiences and sharing of applicable good practices, JUSTPAL has organized its activities under five Communities of Practice (COPs): Budgeting for the Justice Sector; Information Systems for Justice Services; Justice Sector Physical Infrastructure; Court Management and Administration; and Prosecution and Anti-Corruption Agencies.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: As a guideline to the World Bank's operations in any particular country, a Country Assistance Strategy is produced in cooperation with the local government and any interested stakeholders and may rely on analytical work performed by the Bank or other parties.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Clean Air Initiative (CAI) is a World Bank initiative to advance innovative ways to improve air quality in cities through partnerships in selected regions of the world by sharing knowledge and experiences. It includes electric vehicles. Initiatives like this help address and tackle pollution-related diseases.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Based on an agreement between the United Nations and the World Bank in 1981, "Development Business" became the official source for World Bank Procurement Notices, Contract Awards, and Project Approvals.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: In 1998, the agreement was renegotiated, and included in this agreement was a joint venture to create an online version of the publication. Today, "Development Business" is the primary publication for all major multilateral development banks, U.N. agencies, and several national governments, many of which have made the publication of their tenders and contracts in "Development Business" a mandatory requirement.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank or the World Bank Group is also a sitting observer in the United Nations Development Group.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank collects and processes large amounts of data and generates them on the basis of economic models. These data and models have gradually been made available to the public in a way that encourages reuse, whereas the recent publications describing them are available as open access under a Creative Commons Attribution License, for which the bank received the SPARC Innovator 2012 award.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The following table lists the top 15 DAC 5 Digit Sectors to which the World Bank has committed funding, as recorded in its International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) publications. The World Bank states on the IATI Registry website that the amounts "will cover 100% of IBRD and IDA development flows" but will not cover other development flows.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank hosts the Open Knowledge Repository (OKR) as an official open access repository for its research outputs and knowledge products. The World Bank's repository is listed in the Registry of Research Data Repositories re3data.org.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations report criticized the World Bank and other international financial institutions for focusing too much "on issuing loans rather than on achieving concrete development results within a finite period of time" and called on the institution to "strengthen anti-corruption efforts".

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Criticism of the World Bank and other organizations often takes the form of protesting, such as the World Bank Oslo 2002 Protests, the 2007 October Rebellion, and the 1999 Battle of Seattle. Such demonstrations have occurred all over the world, even among the Brazilian Kayapo people.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Another source of criticism has been the tradition of having an American head the bank, implemented because the United States provides the majority of World Bank funding. "When economists from the World Bank visit poor countries to dispense cash and advice," observed "The Economist" in 2012, "they routinely tell governments to reject cronyism and fill each important job with the best candidate available. It is good advice. The World Bank should take it."

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: In 2021, an independent inquiry of the World Bank's "Doing Business" reports by the law firm WilmerHale found that World Bank leaders, including then-Chief Executive Kristalina Georgieva and then-President Jim Yong Kim, pressured staff members of the bank to alter data to inflate the rankings for China, Saudi Arabia, Azerbaijan and the United Arab Emirates.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: A study of the period 1970-2004 found that a less-developed country would on average receive more World Bank projects during any period when it occupied one of the rotating seats on the UN Security Council.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank requires sovereign immunity from countries it deals with. Sovereign immunity waives a holder from all legal liability for their actions. It is proposed that this immunity from responsibility is a "shield which The World Bank wants to resort to, for escaping accountability and security by the people". As the United States has veto power, it can prevent the World Bank from taking action against its interests.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: World Bank favored PricewaterhouseCoopers as a consultant in a bid for privatizing the water distribution in Delhi, India.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: The World Bank has been criticized for the slow response of its Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility (PEF), a fund that was created to provide money to help manage pandemic outbreaks. The terms of the PEF, which is financed by bonds sold to private investors, prevent any money from being released from the fund until 12 weeks after the outbreak was initially detected (23 March). The COVID-19 pandemic met all other requirements for the funding to be released in January 2020.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?


World Bank

Context: Critics have argued that the terms of the PEF are too stringent, and the 12-week delay means that the funding will be much less effective than if it was released to assist governments in initially containing the outbreak. They argue that the fund prioritizes the interests of the private bondholders over public health.

Question: 세계 은행의 위치는 어디인가?