Efficient-market hypothesis

Context: At the International Organization of Securities Commissions annual conference, held in June 2009, the hypothesis took center stage. Martin Wolf, the chief economics commentator for the "Financial Times", dismissed the hypothesis as being a useless way to examine how markets function in reality. Economist Paul McCulley said the hypothesis had not failed, but was "seriously flawed" in its neglect of human nature.

Question: 効率的市場仮説とはなんですか？


Timur

Context: Timur's armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and were feared throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe, sizable parts of which his campaigns laid waste. Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population at the time. Of all the areas he conquered, Khwarazm suffered the most from his expeditions, as it rose several times against him.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur was the grandfather of the Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg, who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449, and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur (1483–1530), founder of the Mughal Empire, which then ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Through his father, Timur claimed to be a descendant of Tumanay Khan, a male-line ancestor he shared with Genghis Khan. Tumanay's great-great-grandson Qarachar Noyan was a minister for the emperor who later assisted the latter's son Chagatai in the governorship of Transoxiana.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Though there are not many mentions of Qarachar in 13th and 14th century records, later Timurid sources greatly emphasised his role in the early history of the Mongol Empire. These histories also state that Genghis Khan later established the "bond of fatherhood and sonship" by marrying Chagatai's daughter to Qarachar. Through his alleged descent from this marriage, Timur claimed kinship with the Chagatai Khans.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: It was in this period that Timur reduced the Chagatai khans to the position of figureheads while he ruled in their name. Also during this period, Timur and his brother-in-law Amir Husayn, who were at first fellow fugitives and wanderers, became rivals and antagonists. The relationship between them became strained after Husayn abandoned efforts to carry out Timur's orders to finish off Ilya Khoja (former governor of Mawarannah) close to Tashkent.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: As with the title of Khan, Timur similarly could not claim the supreme title of the Islamic world, Caliph, because the "office was limited to the Quraysh, the tribe of the Prophet Muhammad". Therefore, Timur reacted to the challenge by creating a myth and image of himself as a "supernatural personal power" ordained by God. Otherwise he was described as a spiritual descendant of Ali, thus taken lineage of both to Genghis Khan and the Quraysh.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur spent the next 35 years in various wars and expeditions. He not only consolidated his rule at home by the subjugation of his foes, but sought extension of territory by encroachments upon the lands of foreign potentates. His conquests to the west and northwest led him to the lands near the Caspian Sea and to the banks of the Ural and the Volga. Conquests in the south and south-West encompassed almost every province in Persia, including Baghdad, Karbala and Northern Iraq.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: One of the most formidable of Timur's opponents was another Mongol ruler, a descendant of Genghis Khan named Tokhtamysh. After having been a refugee in Timur's court, Tokhtamysh became ruler both of the eastern Kipchak and the Golden Horde. After his accession, he quarreled with Timur over the possession of Khwarizm and Azerbaijan. However, Timur still supported him against the Russians and in 1382 Tokhtamysh invaded the Muscovite dominion and burned Moscow.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: While on his march towards Delhi, Timur was opposed by the Jat peasantry, who would loot caravans and then disappear in the forests, Timur had 2,000 Jats killed and many taken captive. But the Sultanate at Delhi did nothing to stop his advance.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Before the end of 1399, Timur started a war with Bayezid I, sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and the Mamluk sultan of Egypt Nasir-ad-Din Faraj. Bayezid began annexing the territory of Turkmen and Muslim rulers in Anatolia. As Timur claimed sovereignty over the Turkoman rulers, they took refuge behind him.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: In 1400, Timur invaded Armenia and Georgia. Of the surviving population, more than 60,000 of the local people were captured as slaves, and many districts were depopulated. He also sacked Sivas in Asia Minor.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Then Timur turned his attention to Syria, sacking Aleppo, and Damascus. The city's inhabitants were massacred, except for the artisans, who were deported to Samarkand.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur invaded Baghdad in June 1401. After the capture of the city, 20,000 of its citizens were massacred. Timur ordered that every soldier should return with at least two severed human heads to show him. When they ran out of men to kill, many warriors killed prisoners captured earlier in the campaign, and when they ran out of prisoners to kill, many resorted to beheading their own wives.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: In the meantime, years of insulting letters had passed between Timur and Bayezid. Both rulers insulted each other in their own way while Timur preferred to undermine Bayezid's position as a ruler and play down the significance of his military successes.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Finally, Timur invaded Anatolia and defeated Bayezid in the Battle of Ankara on 20 July 1402. Bayezid was captured in battle and subsequently died in captivity, initiating the twelve-year Ottoman Interregnum period. Timur's stated motivation for attacking Bayezid and the Ottoman Empire was the restoration of Seljuq authority. Timur saw the Seljuks as the rightful rulers of Anatolia as they had been granted rule by Mongol conquerors, illustrating again Timur's interest with Genghizid legitimacy.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: In December 1402, Timur besieged and took the city of Smyrna, a stronghold of the Christian Knights Hospitalers, thus he referred to himself as "ghazi" or "Warrior of Islam". A mass beheading was carried out in Smyrna by Timur's soldiers.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: With the Treaty of Gallipoli in February 1402, Timur was furious with the Genoese and Venetians, as their ships ferried the Ottoman army to safety in Thrace. As Lord Kinross reported in "The Ottoman Centuries", the Italians preferred the enemy they could handle to the one they could not.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: While Timur was still in Anatolia, Qara Yusuf assaulted Baghdad and captured it in 1402. Timur returned to Persia and sent his grandson Abu Bakr ibn Miran Shah to reconquer Baghdad, which he proceeded to do. Timur then spent some time in Ardabil, where he gave Ali Safavi, leader of the Safaviyya, a number of captives. Subsequently, he marched to Khorasan and then to Samarkhand, where he spent nine months celebrating and preparing to invade Mongolia and China.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur eventually planned to invade China. To this end Timur made an alliance with surviving Mongol tribes based in Mongolia and prepared all the way to Bukhara. Engke Khan sent his grandson Öljei Temür Khan, also known as "Buyanshir Khan" after he converted to Islam while at the court of Timur in Samarkand.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur preferred to fight his battles in the spring. However, he died en route during an uncharacteristic winter campaign. In December 1404, Timur began military campaigns against Ming China and detained a Ming envoy. He became ill while encamped on the farther side of the Syr Daria and died at Farab on 17 February 1405, before ever reaching the Chinese border. After his death the Ming envoys such as Fu An and the remaining entourage were released by his grandson Khalil Sultan.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Geographer Clements Markham, in his introduction to the narrative of Clavijo's embassy, states that, after Timur died, his body "was embalmed with musk and rose water, wrapped in linen, laid in an ebony coffin and sent to Samarkand, where it was buried". His tomb, the Gur-e-Amir, still stands in Samarkand, though it has been heavily restored in recent years.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur had twice previously appointed an heir apparent to succeed him, both of whom he had outlived. The first, his son Jahangir, died of illness in 1376. The second, his grandson Muhammad Sultan, had died from battle wounds in 1403. After the latter's death, Timur did nothing to replace him. It was only when he was on his own death-bed that he appointed Muhammad Sultan's younger brother, Pir Muhammad as his successor.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Pir Muhammad was unable to gain sufficient support from his relatives and a bitter civil war erupted amongst Timur's descendants, with multiple princes pursuing their claims. It was not until 1409 that Timur's youngest son, Shah Rukh was able to overcome his rivals and take the throne as Timur's successor.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur had forty-three wives and concubines, all of these women were also his consorts. Timur made dozens of women his wives and concubines as he conquered their fathers' or erstwhile husbands' lands.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Dawlat Tarkan Agha, Burhan Agha, Jani Beg Agha, Tini Beg Agha, Durr Sultan Agha, Munduz Agha, Bakht Sultan Agha, Nowruz Agha, Jahan Bakht Agha, Nigar Agha, Ruhparwar Agha, Dil Beg Agha, Dilshad Agha, Murad Beg Agha, Piruzbakht Agha, Khoshkeldi Agha, Dilkhosh Agha, Barat Bey Agha, Sevinch Malik Agha, Arzu Bey Agha, Yadgar Sultan Agha, Khudadad Agha, Bakht Nigar Agha, Qutlu Bey Agha, and another Nigar Agha .

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur was a practicing Sunni Muslim, possibly belonging to the Naqshbandi school, which was influential in Transoxiana. His chief official religious counsellor and adviser was the Hanafi scholar 'Abdu 'l-Jabbar Khwarazmi. In Tirmidh, he had come under the influence of his spiritual mentor Sayyid Baraka, a leader from Balkh who is buried alongside Timur in Gur-e-Amir.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur upbraided him for this verse and said, "By the blows of my well tempered sword I have conquered the greater part of the world to enlarge Samarkand and Bukhara, my capitals and residences; and you, pitiful creature, would exchange these two cities for a mole." Hafez, undaunted, replied, "It is by similar generosity that I have been reduced, as you see, to my present state of poverty." It is reported that the King was pleased by the witty answer and the poet departed with magnificent gifts.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: There is a shared view that Timur's real motive for his campaigns was his imperialistic ambition, as expressed by his statement: "The whole expanse of the inhabited part of the world is not large enough to have two kings." However, besides Iran, Timur simply plundered the states he invaded with a purpose of enriching his native Samarqand and neglected the conquered areas, which may have resulted in a relatively quick disintegration of his Empire after his death.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur used Persian expressions in his conversations often, and his motto was the Persian phrase "rāstī rustī" (, meaning "truth is safety" or "veritas salus"). He is credited with the invention of the Tamerlane chess variant, played on a 10×11 board.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: In return, Henry III of Castile sent a famous embassy to Timur's court in Samarkand in 1403–06, led by Ruy González de Clavijo, with two other ambassadors, Alfonso Paez and Gomez de Salazar. On their return, Timur affirmed that he regarded the king of Castile "as his very own son".

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: According to Clavijo, Timur's good treatment of the Spanish delegation contrasted with the disdain shown by his host toward the envoys of the "lord of Cathay" (i.e., the Yongle Emperor), the Chinese ruler. Clavijo's visit to Samarkand allowed him to report to the European audience on the news from Cathay (China), which few Europeans had been able to visit directly in the century that had passed since the travels of Marco Polo.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: In addition, Byzantine John VII Palaiologos who was a regent during his uncle's absence in the West, sent a Dominican friar in August 1401 to Timur, to pay his respect and propose paying tribute to him instead of the Turks, once he managed to defeat them.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Tamerlane virtually exterminated the Church of the East, which had previously been a major branch of Christianity but afterwards became largely confined to a small area now known as the Assyrian Triangle.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur became a relatively popular figure in Europe for centuries after his death, mainly because of his victory over the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid. The Ottoman armies were at the time invading Eastern Europe and Timur was seen as an ally.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur is officially recognized as a national hero in Uzbekistan. His monument in Tashkent now occupies the place where Karl Marx's statue once stood.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Muhammad Iqbal, a philosopher, poet and politician in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement, composed a notable poem entitled "Dream of Timur", the poem itself was inspired by a prayer of the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II:

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: In 1794, Sake Dean Mahomed published his travel book, "The Travels of Dean Mahomet". The book begins with the praise of Genghis Khan, Timur, and particularly the first Mughal emperor, Babur. He also gives important details on the then incumbent Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: The earliest known history of his reign was Nizam ad-Din Shami's "Zafarnama", which was written during Timur's lifetime. Between 1424 and 1428, Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi wrote a second "Zafarnama" drawing heavily on Shami's earlier work. Ahmad ibn Arabshah wrote a much less favorable history in Arabic. Arabshah's history was translated into Latin by the Dutch Orientalist Jacobus Golius in 1636.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: As Timurid-sponsored histories, the two "Zafarnama"s present a dramatically different picture from Arabshah's chronicle. William Jones remarked that the former presented Timur as a "liberal, benevolent and illustrious prince" while the latter painted him as "deformed and impious, of a low birth and detestable principles".

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Timur arguably had a significant impact on the Renaissance culture and early modern Europe. His achievements both fascinated and horrified Europeans from the fifteenth century to the early nineteenth century.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: European views of Timur were mixed throughout the fifteenth century, with some European countries calling him an ally and others seeing him as a threat to Europe because of his rapid expansion and brutality.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Timur

Context: Other Europeans viewed Timur as a barbaric enemy who presented a threat to both European culture and the religion of Christianity. His rise to power moved many leaders, such as Henry III of Castile, to send embassies to Samarkand to scout out Timur, learn about his people, make alliances with him, and try to convince him to convert to Christianity in order to avoid war.

Question: ティムールは何歳で死去した


Microsoft Foundation Class Library

Context: Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC) is a C++ object-oriented library for developing desktop applications for Windows.

Question: Microsoft Foundation Classはいつ開発された？


Microsoft Foundation Class Library

Context: One quirk of MFC is the use of "Afx" as the prefix for many functions, macros and the standard precompiled header name "stdafx.h". During early development, what became MFC was called "Application Framework Extensions" and abbreviated "Afx". The name Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) was adopted too late in the release cycle to change these references.

Question: Microsoft Foundation Classはいつ開発された？


Microsoft Foundation Class Library

Context: MFC 8.0 was released with Visual Studio 2005. MFC 9.0 was released with Visual Studio 2008. On April 7, 2008, Microsoft released an update to the MFC classes as an out-of-band update to Visual Studio 2008 and MFC 9. The update features new user interface constructs, including the ribbons and associated UI widgets, fully customizable toolbars, docking panes which can either be freely floated or docked to any side and document tabs.

Question: Microsoft Foundation Classはいつ開発された？


Microsoft Foundation Class Library

Context: MFC was initially a feature of the commercial versions of Visual Studio. As such, it is not included in the freeware Visual C++ Express. The Community edition of Visual Studio, introduced in 2014, however, includes MFC.

Question: Microsoft Foundation Classはいつ開発された？


Microsoft Foundation Class Library

Context: Object Windows Library (OWL), designed for use with Borland's Turbo C++ compiler, was a competing product introduced by Borland around the same time. Eventually, Borland discontinued OWL development and licensed the distribution of the MFC headers, libraries and DLLs from Microsoft for a short time, though it never offered fully integrated support for MFC. Borland later released Visual Component Library to replace the OWL framework.

Question: Microsoft Foundation Classはいつ開発された？


Microsoft Foundation Class Library

Context: MFC is a library that wraps portions of the Windows API in C++ classes, including functionality that enables them to use a default application framework. Classes are defined for many of the handle-managed Windows objects and also for predefined windows and common controls.

Question: Microsoft Foundation Classはいつ開発された？


Microsoft Foundation Class Library

Context: The macros for serialization, exceptions, and RTTI predated availability of these features in Microsoft C++ by a number of years. 32-bit versions of MFC, for Windows NT 3.1 and later Windows operating systems, used compilers that implemented the language features and updated the macros to simply wrap the language features instead of providing customized implementations, realizing upward compatibility.

Question: Microsoft Foundation Classはいつ開発された？


Bus

Context: Buses may be used for scheduled bus transport, scheduled coach transport, school transport, private hire, or tourism; promotional buses may be used for political campaigns and others are privately operated for a wide range of purposes, including rock and pop band tour vehicles.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Horse-drawn buses were used from the 1820s, followed by steam buses in the 1830s, and electric trolleybuses in 1882. The first internal combustion engine buses, or motor buses, were used in 1895. Recently, interest has been growing in hybrid electric buses, fuel cell buses, and electric buses, as well as buses powered by compressed natural gas or biodiesel. As of the 2010s, bus manufacturing is increasingly globalised, with the same designs appearing around the world.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: His transport scheme was a huge success, although not as he had intended as most of his passengers did not visit his spa. He turned the transport service into his principal lucrative business venture and closed the mill and spa. Nantes citizens soon gave the nickname "omnibus" to the vehicle. Having invented the successful concept Baudry moved to Paris and launched the first omnibus service there in April 1828. A similar service was introduced in London in 1829.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Regular intercity bus services by steam-powered buses were pioneered in England in the 1830s by Walter Hancock and by associates of Sir Goldsworthy Gurney, among others, running reliable services over road conditions which were too hazardous for horse-drawn transportation.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: The first mechanically propelled omnibus appeared on the streets of London on 22 April 1833. Steam carriages were much less likely to overturn, they travelled faster than horse-drawn carriages, they were much cheaper to run, and caused much less damage to the road surface due to their wide tyres.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: However, the heavy road tolls imposed by the turnpike trusts discouraged steam road vehicles and left the way clear for the horse bus companies, and from 1861 onwards, harsh legislation virtually eliminated mechanically propelled vehicles from the roads of Great Britain for 30 years, the Locomotive Act of that year imposing restrictive speed limits on "road locomotives" of in towns and cities, and in the country.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: The first such vehicle, the Electromote, was made by his brother Dr. Ernst Werner von Siemens and presented to the public in 1882 in Halensee, Germany. Although this experimental vehicle fulfilled all the technical criteria of a typical trolleybus, it was dismantled in the same year after the demonstration.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Max Schiemann opened a passenger-carrying trolleybus in 1901 near Dresden, in Germany. Although this system operated only until 1904, Schiemann had developed what is now the standard trolleybus current collection system. In the early days, a few other methods of current collection were used. Leeds and Bradford became the first cities to put trolleybuses into service in Great Britain on 20 June 1911.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: In Siegerland, Germany, two passenger bus lines ran briefly, but unprofitably, in 1895 using a six-passenger motor carriage developed from the 1893 Benz Viktoria. Another commercial bus line using the same model Benz omnibuses ran for a short time in 1898 in the rural area around Llandudno, Wales.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: The first mass-produced bus model was the B-type double-decker bus, designed by Frank Searle and operated by the London General Omnibus Company – it entered service in 1910, and almost 3,000 had been built by the end of the decade. Hundreds saw military service on the Western Front during the First World War.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: The Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company, which rapidly became a major manufacturer of buses in the US, was founded in Chicago in 1923 by John D. Hertz. General Motors purchased a majority stake in 1925 and changed its name to the Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company. They then purchased the balance of the shares in 1943 to form the GM Truck and Coach Division.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Bus manufacturing may be by a single company (an integral manufacturer), or by one manufacturer's building a bus body over a chassis produced by another manufacturer.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Transit buses used to be mainly high-floor vehicles. However, they are now increasingly of low-floor design and optionally also 'kneel' air suspension and have ramps to provide access for wheelchair users and people with baby carriages, sometimes as electrically or hydraulically extended under-floor constructs for level access. Prior to more general use of such technology, these wheelchair users could only use specialist para-transit mobility buses.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Accessible vehicles also have wider entrances and interior gangways and space for wheelchairs. Interior fittings and destination displays may also be designed to be usable by the visually impaired. Coaches generally use wheelchair lifts instead of low-floor designs. In some countries, vehicles are required to have these features by disability discrimination laws.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Guided buses are fitted with technology to allow them to run in designated guideways, allowing the controlled alignment at bus stops and less space taken up by guided lanes than conventional roads or bus lanes. Guidance can be mechanical, optical, or electromagnetic. Extensions of the guided technology include the Guided Light Transit and Translohr systems, although these are more often termed 'rubber-tyred trams' as they have limited or no mobility away from their guideways.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Transit buses are normally painted to identify the operator or a route, function, or to demarcate low-cost or premium service buses. Liveries may be painted onto the vehicle, applied using adhesive vinyl technologies, or using decals. Vehicles often also carry bus advertising or part or all of their visible surfaces (as mobile billboard). Campaign buses may be decorated with key campaign messages; these can be to promote an event or initiative.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Early bus manufacturing grew out of carriage coach building, and later out of automobile or truck manufacturers. Early buses were merely a bus body fitted to a truck chassis. This body+chassis approach has continued with modern specialist manufacturers, although there also exist integral designs such as the Leyland National where the two are practically inseparable. Specialist builders also exist and concentrate on building buses for special uses or modifying standard buses into specialised products.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: As with the rest of the automotive industry, into the 20th century, bus manufacturing increasingly became globalized, with manufacturers producing buses far from their intended market to exploit labour and material cost advantages. As with the cars, new models are often exhibited by manufacturers at prestigious industry shows to gain new orders. A typical city bus costs almost US$450,000.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Transit buses, used on public transport bus services, have utilitarian fittings designed for efficient movement of large numbers of people, and often have multiple doors. Coaches are used for longer-distance routes. High-capacity bus rapid transit services may use the bi-articulated bus or tram-style buses such as the Wright StreetCar and the Irisbus Civis.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Buses and coach services often operate to a predetermined published public transport timetable defining the route and the timing, but smaller vehicles may be used on more flexible demand responsive transport services.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Buses play a major part in the tourism industry. Tour buses around the world allow tourists to view local attractions or scenery. These are often open-top buses, but can also be regular buses or coaches.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Buses and coaches are also a common component of the wider package holiday industry, providing private airport transfers (in addition to general airport buses) and organised tours and day trips for holidaymakers on the package.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Tour buses can also be hired as chartered buses by groups for sightseeing at popular holiday destinations. These private tour buses may offer specific stops, such as all the historical sights, or allow the customers to choose their own itineraries. Tour buses come with professional and informed staff and insurance, and maintain state governed safety standards. Some provide other facilities like entertainment units, luxurious reclining seats, large scenic windows, and even lavatories.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Public long-distance coach networks are also often used as a low-cost method of travel by students or young people travelling the world. Some companies such as Topdeck Travel were set up specifically to use buses to drive the hippie trail or travel to places such as North Africa.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: In many tourist or travel destinations, a bus is part of the tourist attraction, such as the North American tourist trolleys, London's AEC Routemaster heritage routes, or the customised buses of Malta, Asia, and the Americas. Another example of tourist stops is the homes of celebrities, such as tours based near Hollywood. There are several such services between 6000 and 7000 Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Due to the costs involved in owning, operating, and driving buses and coaches, many bus and coach use a private hire of vehicles from charter bus companies, either for a day or two or a longer contract basis, where the charter company provides the vehicles and qualified drivers.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Buses are often used for advertising, political campaigning, , public relations, or promotional purposes. These may take the form of temporary charter hire of service buses, or the temporary or permanent conversion and operation of buses, usually of second-hand buses. Extreme examples include converting the bus with displays and decorations or awnings and fittings. Interiors may be fitted out for exhibition or information purposes with special equipment or audio visual devices.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: In some sparsely populated areas, it is common to use brucks, buses with a cargo area to transport both passengers and cargo at the same time. They are especially common in the Nordic countries.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Knight Bus in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban is a full-sized triple decker bus used only as a prop for the movie.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Euro Bus Expo is a trade show, which is held biennially at the UK's National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham. As the official show of the Confederation of Passenger Transport, the UK's trade association for the bus, coach and light rail industry, the three-day event offers visitors from Europe and beyond the chance to see and experience the very latest vehicles and product and service innovations right across the industry.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Busworld Kortrijk in Kortrijk, Belgium, is the leading bus trade fair in Europe. It is also held biennially.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Most public or private buses and coaches, once they have reached the end of their service with one or more operators, are sent to the wrecking yard for breaking up for scrap and spare parts. Some buses which are not economical to keep running as service buses are often converted for use other than revenue-earning transport. Much like old cars and trucks, buses often pass through a dealership where they can be bought privately or at auction.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Some buses that have reached the end of their service that are still in good condition are sent for export to other countries.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Some retired buses have been converted to static or mobile cafés, often using historic buses as a tourist attraction. There are also catering buses: buses converted into a mobile canteen and break room. These are commonly seen at external filming locations to feed the cast and crew, and at other large events to feed staff. Another use is as an emergency vehicle, such as high-capacity ambulance bus or mobile command centre.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Some organisations adapt and operate playbuses or learning buses to provide a playground or learning environments to children who might not have access to proper play areas. An ex-London AEC Routemaster bus has been converted to a mobile theatre and catwalk fashion show.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Bus

Context: Some buses meet a destructive end by being entered in banger races or at demolition derbys. A larger number of old retired buses have also been converted into mobile holiday homes and campers.

Question: バスを発明したのは誰


Ba'ath Party

Context: Following the break-up of the UAR, the Baʿath Party was reconstituted. However, during the UAR period, military activists had established the Military Committee that took control of the Baʿath Party away from civilian hands. In the meantime, in Iraq, the local Baʽath Party branch had taken power by orchestrating and leading the Ramadan Revolution, only to lose power a couple of months later. The Military Committee, with Aflaq's consent, took power in Syria in the 8th of March Revolution of 1963.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: A power struggle quickly developed between the civilian faction led by ʿAflaq, al-Bitar, and Munīf ar-Razzāz and the Military Committee led by Salah Jadid and Hafez al-Assad. As relations between the two factions deteriorated, the Military Committee initiated the 1966 Syrian coup d'état, which ousted the National Command led by al-Razzāz, ʿAflaq, and their supporters. The 1966 coup split the Baʿath Party between the Iraqi-dominated Baʿath movement and the Syrian-dominated Baʿath movement.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: The 4th National Congress, held in August 1960, criticized the leadership of Aflaq and Bitar, called for the reestablishment of the Syrian Regional Branch and deemphasized the party's commitment to Arab nationalism while emphasizing more the socialist character of the party. A year later, during the UAR's nadir in Syria, the Syrian General Abd al-Karim al-Nahlawi launched a coup on 28 September 1961, which led to the reestablishment of the Syrian Arab Republic.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: The organizational structure of the Ba'ath Party was created at the 2nd National Congress (1954) by amending the party's Internal Regulations (), which had been previously approved at the party's 1st National Congress (1947). The organizational structure ran from top to bottom, and members were forbidden to initiate contacts between groups on the same level of the organisation, i.e., all contacts had to pass through a higher command level.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: The Military Organization was made up of branches similar to those in the Ba'ath's civilian sector. However, unlike the civilian sector, the Military Organization was controlled by a separate Military Bureau and held periodical Military Congresses. The Military Organization and the Civilian Organization converged at the Regional Congress.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: To express his heartfelt belief in Arab nationalism, Aflaq coined the term "one Arab nation with an eternal message" (). Party ideology, and Ba'athism in general, was not based on concepts such as the purity of the Arab race or ethnic chauvinism, but on idealistic concepts borrowed from the enlightenment era. According to author Tabitha Petran, the basic tenet of the party's ideology was:

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: The party initially consisted of a majority of Shia Muslims, as Rikabi recruited supporters mainly from his friends and family, but slowly became Sunni dominated. The Regional Branch, and other parties of pan-Arab inclination, had difficulties in recruiting Shia members. Most Shi'ites considered pan-Arab ideology as a Sunni project, since the majority of Arabs are Sunnis.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: Shuqyar during a government-imposed exile to Southern Jordan, used his spare time reading Marxist and Leninist literature. While he never became a communist, Shuqyar began to support communist concepts. On his return from exile he tried to persuade the Regional Branch to join in an electoral front with the Jordanian Communist Party. However, the Regional Branch leaders Rimawi, Na'was, Gharbiyah and Munif al-Razzaz opposed such an idea, and because of it, Shuqyar left the Ba'ath Party.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: Rimawi and Na'was were elected to the National Command at the 2nd National Congress (held in 1952). At the 6th and 7th National Congress, the Regional Branch elected Razzaz to the National Command.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: The Lebanese Regional Branch was formed in 1949–1950. During the existence of the UAR, the Regional Branch was split into two factions, those supporting Nasser and those opposing him. However, in April 1960, the UAR denied the Regional Branch organ "As Sahafäh" access into the UAR-ruled Syria.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: At the 7th National Congress the National Command in collaboration with the Military Committee either expelled or removed leftists such as those found in the Lebanese Regional Branch from leadership position, and in the most severe cases, expelled them from the party. The Lebanese Regional Branch managed to elect three members to the National Command at the 7th National Congress; Majdalani, al-Ali and Abd al-Majid Rafi.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: The Ba'ath faced considerable competition from ideological competitors, notably the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP), which supported the establishment of a Greater Syria. The Ba'ath Party's main adversary was the SCP, whose support for class struggle and internationalism was anathema to the Ba'ath. In addition to parliamentary-level competition, all these parties (as well as Islamists) competed in street-level activity and sought to recruit support among the military.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: By the end of 1957, the SCP was able to weaken the Ba'ath Party to such an extent that the Ba'ath Party drafted a bill in December that called for a union with Egypt, a move that proved to be very popular. The Ba'ath leadership dissolved the party in 1958, gambling that the illegalisation of certain parties would hurt the SCP more than it would the Ba'ath.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: While the Ba'ath Party had attained power, there was a problem; internal infighting. The Military Committee, which was itself a tiny minority of the already small Ba'ath Party membership, was forced to rule by force. The Ba'ath Party had only 2,500 members by mid-1963, the party lacked a popular base. Even if membership expanded, the authoritarian way of ruling it had introduced when coming to power would get worse, not better.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Ba'ath Party

Context: Another problem was that the civilian wing was riven by infighting between the radical socialist and moderate faction, while the military stood more unified. Whatever the case, the Syrian Regional Command slowly amassed its powers by weakening the National Command. This all came to a head in the 1966 Syrian coup d'état.

Question: バアス党のスローガンはなんですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: Frederick Trump (born Friedrich Trump ; 14 March 1869 – 30 May 1918) was a German–American barber, businessman, and patriarch of the Trump family.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: Trump worked as a hotel manager and was beginning to acquire real estate in Queens when he died in the 1918 flu pandemic. He was the father of three, including Frederick and John, and was the paternal grandfather of the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: Friedrich Trump was born in Kallstadt, Palatinate, then part of the Kingdom of Bavaria, to Christian Johannes Trump (1829–1877) and Katharina Kober (1836–1922). Confessionally, the village was Protestant in contrast to the Bavarian mainland, which was overwhelmingly Catholic.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: Trump's earliest known male ancestor is Johann Philipp Drumpft (1667–1707, parents or place of birth not recorded), who married Juliana Maria Rodenroth. The couple had a son, Johann Sebastian Trump (1699–1756). Johann Sebastian's son Johann Paul Trump (1727–1792) was born in Bobenheim am Berg.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: The first link to Kallstadt can be established for Johann Sebastian's grandson Johannes Trump (1789–1836) who was born in Bobenheim am Berg and married in Kallstadt, where he also died. The Palatinate, then a relatively impoverished region, has been known for its viticulture since the Roman Empire.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: From 1816 to 1918, when Bavaria became the Free State of Bavaria, the Palatinate was part of the Kingdom of Bavaria. In 1871, Bavaria became a part of the newly formed German Empire. During periods of war and anti-German discrimination in the United States, Trump's son Fred later denied his German heritage, claiming his father had been a Swede from Karlstad, Sweden. This version was repeated by Fred's son Donald in his 1987 autobiography.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: After being sick with emphysema for 10 years, Trump's father, Christian Johannes, died on July 6, 1877, at the age of 48, leaving the family in severe debt from medical expenses. While five of the six children worked in the family grape fields, Friedrich was considered too sickly to endure such hard labor. In 1883, then aged 14, he was sent to nearby Frankenthal by his mother to work as a barber's apprentice and learn the trade.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: He bought all the necessary supplies, sold off his remaining properties in Monte Cristo and Seattle, and transferred his 40 acres in the Pine Lake Plateau to his sister Louise. In 1900, Louise sold the property for $250. In the winter following Trump's departure from Monte Cristo, the town suffered some of the worst avalanches and floods in its short history, and this time, Rockefeller refused to reconstruct the almost vital railroad to Everett.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: According to Blair's account, when Trump left for the Yukon, he had no plans to do actual mining. He likely travelled the White Pass route, which included the notorious "Dead Horse trail", so named because drivers whipped animals of transport until they dropped dead on the trail and were left to decompose. In the spring of 1898, Trump and another miner named Ernest Levin opened a tent restaurant along the trail. Blair writes that "a frequent dish was fresh-slaughtered, quick-frozen horse".

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: In May 1898, Trump and Levin moved to Bennett, British Columbia, a town known for prospectors building boats in order to travel to Dawson. In Bennett, Trump and Levin opened the Arctic Restaurant and Hotel, which offered fine dining, lodging and sex in a sea of tents. The Arctic was also originally housed in a tent, but demand for the hotel and restaurant grew until it occupied a two-story building. A letter to the "Yukon Sun" newspaper described the Arctic:

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: For single men the Arctic has excellent accommodations as well as the best restaurant in Bennett, but I would not advise respectable women to go there to sleep as they are liable to hear that which would be repugnant to their feelings – and uttered, too, by the depraved of their own sex.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: The Arctic House was one of the largest and most extravagant restaurants in that region of the Klondike, offering fresh fruit and ptarmigan in addition to the staple of horse meat. The Arctic was open 24 hours a day and advertised "Rooms for ladies", which included beds and scales for measuring gold dust. The local Canadian Mounties were known to tolerate vice so long as it was conducted discreetly.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: In 1900, the White Pass and Yukon Route, a railroad between Skagway, Alaska and Whitehorse, Yukon, was completed. Trump founded the White Horse Restaurant and Inn in White Horse. They moved the building by barge, relocated on Front Street, and were operational by June.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: Trump returned to Kallstadt in 1901 as a wealthy man. Biographer Blair said that "the business of seeing to his customers' need for food, drink and female companionship had been good to him." He quickly met and proposed to Elisabeth Christ (1880–1966), the daughter of a former neighbor; she was eleven years younger than Trump. Trump's mother disapproved of Christ because she considered her family to be of a lower social class. Trump and Christ married on August 26, 1902, and moved to New York City.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: He and his family returned to New York on 30 June 1905. Their son Fred was born on 11 October 1905, in Bronx, New York. The family lived at 539 East 177th Street. In 1907, their second son, John, was born. Later that year the family moved to Woodhaven, Queens. While living in Queens, Trump opened a barber shop at 60 Wall Street in Manhattan.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: In 1908, Trump bought real estate on Jamaica Avenue in Woodhaven. Two years later, he moved his family into the building on the land, renting out several rooms. He also worked as a hotel manager at the Medallion Hotel on 6th Avenue and 23rd Street. Trump intended to continue buying more land, but during World War I he kept a low profile because of the pervasive Germanophobia in the US due to the war. German-born citizens came under suspicion.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: The family story of his death is that "on May 29, 1918, while walking with his son Fred, Trump suddenly felt extremely sick and was rushed to bed. The next day, he was dead. What was first diagnosed as pneumonia turned out to be one of the early cases of the Spanish flu, which caused millions of deaths around the world."

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Frederick Trump

Context: At his death his net holdings included a 2-story, 7-room home in Queens; 5 vacant lots; $4,000 in savings; $3,600 in stocks; and 14 mortgages. Altogether his net worth was $31,359, this would be well over half a million in today's dollars. His wife and son Fred continued his real estate projects under the Elizabeth Trump & Son moniker.

Question: フレデリック・トランプが初めて企業したのはレストランですか？


Karl Christian Gmelin

Context: He was the author of the three-volume "Flora Badensis Alsatica" (1805–08). Some plants with the specific epithet of "gmelinii" commemorate his name.

Question: カール・クリスティアン・グメリンは生物学者？


Rugby football

Context: Rugby football is a collective name for the family of team sports of rugby union and rugby league, as well as the earlier forms of football from which both games, as well as Australian rules football and gridiron football, evolved.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: The two variants of gridiron football — Canadian football and, to a lesser extent, American football — were once considered forms of rugby football but are seldom now referred to as such. In fact, the governing body of Canadian football, Football Canada, was known as the Canadian Rugby Union as late as 1967, more than fifty years after the sport parted ways with the established rules of rugby union or league.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: Following the 1895 split in rugby football, the two forms rugby league and rugby union differed in administration only. Soon the rules of rugby league were modified making limited tackle counts (6) and allowing for both teams shared possession of the football, resulting in two distinctly different forms of rugby.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: The Olympic form of rugby is known as Rugby Sevens (based on rugby union format). In this form of the game, each team has seven players on the field at one time playing seven-minute halves. The rules and pitch size are the same as rugby union.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: Although rugby football was codified at Rugby School, many rugby playing countries had pre-existing football games similar to rugby.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: Forms of traditional football similar to rugby have been played throughout Europe and beyond. Many of these involved handling of the ball, and scrummaging formations. For example, New Zealand had Ki-o-rahi, Australia marn grook, Japan kemari, Georgia lelo burti, the Scottish Borders Jeddart Ba' and Cornwall Cornish hurling, Central Italy Calcio Fiorentino, South Wales cnapan, East Anglia Campball, Ireland caid, an ancestor of Gaelic football, and France had La Soule.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: Distinctive features common to both rugby codes include the oval ball and throwing the ball forward is not allowed so that players can gain ground only by running with the ball or by kicking it. As the sport of rugby league moved further away from its union counterpart, rule changes were implemented with the aim of making a faster-paced and more try-oriented game. Unlike American and Canadian football, the players do not wear any sort of protection or armour.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: The main differences between the two games, besides league having teams of 13 players and union of 15, involve the tackle and its aftermath:

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: In the league code, the scrum still exists, but with greatly reduced importance as it involves fewer players and is rarely contested. Set pieces are generally started from the play-the-ball situation. Many of the rugby league positions have names and requirements similar to rugby union positions, but there are no flankers in rugby league.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: In Australia, support for both codes is concentrated in New South Wales, Queensland and the Australian Capital Territory. The same perceived class barrier as exists between the two games in England also occurs in these states, fostered by rugby union's prominence and support at private schools.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: In the United Kingdom, rugby union fans sometimes used the term "rugger" as an alternative name for the sport (see Oxford '-er'), although this archaic expression has not had currency since the 1950s or earlier. New Zealanders refer to rugby union simply as either "rugby" or "union", or even simply "football", and to rugby league as "rugby league" or "league". In the U.S., people who play rugby are sometimes called "ruggers", a term little used elsewhere except facetiously.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: Being a high contact sport, rugby union has the highest announced rates of concussions and outside England also has the highest number of catastrophic injuries out of any team sport. Research finding that during match play, concussion was reported at a higher level, and during training at a lower level, but still at a higher level than most players of another sport to receive.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: Richard Lindon and Bernardo Solano started making balls for Rugby school out of hand stitched, four-panel, leather casings and pigs' bladders. The rugby ball's distinctive shape is supposedly due to the pig's bladder, although early balls were more plum-shaped than oval. The balls varied in size in the beginning depending upon how large the pig's bladder was.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: Much larger versions of traditional balls are also available for purchase, but these are mainly for their novelty attraction.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: The Rugby League World Cup was the first World Cup of either of the Rugby codes and was first held in France in 1954, and as of 2013 occurs on a 4-year cycle. It is an international tournament that is organized by the Rugby League International Federation. The event is played in the league format and features the top 14 teams from around the world. Australia won the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, played in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: The Rugby World Cup, which was first held in New Zealand and Australia in 1987, occurs every four years. It is an international tournament organized by World Rugby. The event is played in the union format and features the top 20 teams from around the world. South Africa won the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which was played in Japan.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: Rugby shirts were formerly entirely made of cotton but are now made of a cotton and polyester mix. This material has the advantage of not absorbing as much water or mud as cotton alone. Owing to the more aggressive nature of the game, rugby clothing, in general, is designed to be much more robust and hardwearing than that worn for association football.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: With the popularity of rugby over the years, many betting establishments have made it possible for viewers of the game to place wagers on games. The various types of wagers that can be placed on games vary, however, the main types of bets that can be placed are as follows:

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Rugby football

Context: Like most team sports, both forms of rugby are vulnerable to match-fixing, particularly bets involving easily manipulated outcomes, such as conceding penalties and first point scorer. A recent example is a deliberate infringement by Ryan Tandy in order for the first points scored to be a penalty goal in a 2010 NRL match; the attempt backfired when instead of taking a shot at goal, a try was scored.

Question: ラグビーの発祥の地はどこですか？


Keith Richards

Context: In 1989, Richards was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 2004 into the UK Music Hall of Fame with the Rolling Stones. "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011. The magazine lists fourteen songs that Richards wrote with the Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Jagger on its "500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: By mid-1962 Richards had left Sidcup Art College to devote himself to music, and moved into a London flat with Jagger and Jones. His parents divorced at about the same time, resulting in his staying close to his mother and remaining estranged from his father until 1982.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: After the Rolling Stones signed to Decca Records in 1963, the band's manager, Andrew Loog Oldham, dropped the "s" from Richards's surname, believing that "Keith Richard", in his words, "looked more pop". During the late 1970s, Richards re-established the "s" in his surname.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards regards acoustic guitar as the basis for his playing, believing that the limitations of electric guitar would cause him to "lose that touch" if he stopped playing an acoustic. Richards plays acoustic guitar on many Rolling Stones tracks, including "Play with Fire", "Brown Sugar", and "Angie". All guitars on the studio versions of "Street Fighting Man" and "Jumpin' Jack Flash" feature acoustic guitars overloaded to a cassette recorder, then re-amped through a loudspeaker in the studio.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards sang in a school choirmost notably for Queen Elizabeth IIuntil adolescence's effect on his voice forced him out of it. He has sung backing vocals on every Rolling Stones album. Since "Between the Buttons" (1967), he has sung lead or co-lead on at least one track (see list below) of every Rolling Stones studio album except "Their Satanic Majesties Request", "Sticky Fingers", "It's Only Rock 'n Roll", and "Blue & Lonesome".

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards and Jagger began their songwriting partnership in 1963 at the insistence of manager Andrew Loog Oldham, who saw no long career for them in playing cover songs. The earliest Jagger/Richards collaborations were recorded by other artists, including Gene Pitney, whose rendition of "That Girl Belongs to Yesterday" was their first top ten single in the UK. They scored another top ten hit in 1964 with the debut single written for Marianne Faithfull, "As Tears Go By".

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: In his solo career, Richards has often shared co-writing credits with drummer and co-producer, Steve Jordan. Richards has stated, "I've always thought songs written by two people are better than those written by one. You get another angle on it."

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards has frequently expressed that he feels less like a creator than a conduit when writing songs: "I don't have that God aspect about it. I prefer to think of myself as an antenna. There's only one song, and Adam and Eve wrote it; the rest is a variation on a theme." Richards was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1993.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: In early 1973, Jagger and Richards developed an interest in the band Kracker, resulting in a deal whereby the band's second album was licensed for distribution outside America by Rolling Stones Records, making Kracker the first band on that label.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Since the 1980s Richards has chalked up numerous production and co-production credits on projects with other artists including Aretha Franklin, Johnnie Johnson, and Ronnie Spector, as well as on his own albums with the X-Pensive Winos (see below). In the 1990s Richards co-produced and added guitar and vocals to a recording of nyabinghi Rastafarian chanting and drumming entitled "Wingless Angels", released on Richards's own record label, Mindless Records, in 1997.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards has released few solo recordings. His first solo single, released in 1978, was a cover of Chuck Berry's "Run Rudolph Run", backed with his version of Jimmy Cliff's "The Harder They Come". In 1987, after Jagger pursued a solo recording and touring career, Richards formed the "X-Pensive Winos" with co-songwriter and co-producer Steve Jordan, whom Richards assembled for his Chuck Berry documentary "Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll".

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: During the 1960s most of Richards's recordings with artists other than the Rolling Stones were sessions for Andrew Loog Oldham's Immediate Records label. Notable exceptions were when Richards, along with Mick Jagger and numerous other guests, sang on the Beatles' 1967 TV broadcast of "All You Need Is Love", and when he played bass with John Lennon, Eric Clapton, Mitch Mitchell, Ivry Gitlis, and Yoko Ono as the Dirty Mac for "The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus" TV special filmed in 1968.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: In 2005 the Rolling Stones released "Rarities 1971–2003", which includes some rare and limited-issue recordings, but Richards has described the band's released output as the "tip of the iceberg". Many of the band's unreleased songs and studio jam sessions are widely bootlegged, as are numerous Richards solo recordings, including his 1977 Toronto studio sessions, some 1981 studio sessions, and tapes made during his 1983 wedding trip to Mexico.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards's autobiography, "Life", was published on 26 October 2010. Eleven days prior to its release, the Associated Press published an article stating that in the book Richards refers to Jagger as "unbearable" and notes that their relationship has been strained "for decades". His opinion softening by 2015, Richards still called Jagger a "snob" but added, "I still love him dearly... your friends don't have to be perfect."

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Music journalist Nick Kent attached to Richards Lord Byron's epithet of "mad, bad, and dangerous to know". Jagger thought that Richards's image had "contributed to him becoming a junkie". In 1994, Richards said his image was "like a long shadow ... Even though that was nearly twenty years ago, you cannot convince some people that I'm not a mad drug addict."

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards is a keen fan of shepherd's pie, a British traditional dish. Stuart Cable, the ex-drummer of Stereophonics, recollected that he was once confronted by Richards because he had served himself a piece of the shepherd's pie meant for Richards. The dish was also mentioned by Richards in his autobiography, advising readers to add more onions after cooking the meat filling to enhance the pie's flavour.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards is interviewed on screen and appears in performance footage in the 2005 documentary film "Make It Funky!", which presents a history of New Orleans music and its influence on rhythm and blues, rock and roll, funk and jazz. In the film, Richards said that New Orleans musicians "put the roll into rock". He also performed the Fats Domino song "I'm Ready" with the house band.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Doris Richards, his mother, died of cancer at the age of 91 in England on 21 April 2007. An official statement released by a family representative stated that Richards kept a vigil by her bedside during her last days.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards made a cameo appearance as Captain Teague, the father of Captain Jack Sparrow (played by Johnny Depp), in "", released in May 2007, and won the Best Celebrity Cameo award at the 2007 Spike Horror Awards for the role.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Depp has stated that he based many of Sparrow's mannerisms on Richards. Richards reprised his role in "", released in May 2011.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: In March 2008, the fashion house Louis Vuitton unveiled an advertising campaign featuring a photo of Richards with his ebony Gibson ES-355, taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz. Richards donated the fee for his involvement to the Climate Project, an organisation for raising environmental awareness.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: On 28 October 2008, Richards appeared at the Musicians' Hall of Fame induction ceremony in Nashville, Tennessee, joining the newly inducted the Crickets on stage for performances of "Peggy Sue", "Not Fade Away", and "That'll Be the Day".

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: In 2009, a book of Richards's quotations was published, titled "What Would Keith Richards Do?: Daily Affirmations from a Rock 'n' Roll Survivor".

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: In August 2007, Richards signed a publishing deal for his autobiography, "Life", which was released on 26 October 2010.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards appeared in the 2011 documentary "Toots and the Maytals: Reggae Got Soul", which was featured on BBC and described as "The untold story of one of the most influential artists ever to come out of Jamaica".

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: In 2011, "Rolling Stone" magazine referred to Richards as the creator of "rock's greatest single body of riffs" on guitar, ranking him fourth on its list of the top 100 best guitarists. "Rolling Stone" also lists fourteen songs he co-wrote with Jagger on its "500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards has a collection of approximately 3,000 guitars. Even though he has used many different guitar models, in a 1986 "Guitar World" interview Richards joked that no matter what model he plays, "[G]ive me five minutes and I'll make 'em all sound the same." Richards has often thanked Leo Fender, and other guitar manufacturers for making the instruments, as he did during the induction ceremony of the Rolling Stones into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: Richards's amplifier preferences have changed repeatedly, but he is a long-time proponent of using low-powered amps in the studio, getting clarity plus distortion by using two amps, a larger one such as a Fender Twin run clean, along with a Fender Champ, which is overdriven. To record "Crosseyed Heart", Richards used a stock tweed Fender Champ with 8" speaker coupled with a modified Fender Harvard.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: In 1965, Richards used a Gibson Maestro fuzzbox to achieve the distinctive tone of his riff on "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"; the success of the resulting single boosted the sales of the device to the extent that all available stock had sold out by the end of 1965. In the 1970s and early 1980s Richards frequently used guitar effects such as a wah-wah pedal, a phaser, and a Leslie speaker, but he has mainly relied on combining "the right amp with the right guitar" to achieve the sound he wants.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Keith Richards

Context: On his solo recordings, Richards' backing band is credited as the "X-pensive Winos", including singer Sarah Dash, bassist and percussionist Charley Drayton, drummer Steve Jordan (who also serves as Richards's co-writer and co-producer), saxophonist Bobby Keys, keyboardist Ivan Neville, and guitarist Waddy Wachtel.

Question: キース・リチャーズはいつ生まれましたか？


Oxygen concentrator

Context: An oxygen concentrator is a device that concentrates the oxygen from a gas supply (typically ambient air) by selectively removing nitrogen to supply an oxygen-enriched product gas stream. They are used industrially and as medical devices for oxygen therapy.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Two methods in common use are pressure swing adsorption and membrane gas separation. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) concentrators utilize multiple molecular sieves consisting of zeolite minerals that adsorbs pressurized nitrogen in fast cycles.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Oxygen concentrators using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology are used widely for oxygen provision in healthcare applications, especially where liquid or pressurized oxygen is too dangerous or inconvenient, such as in homes or portable clinics. For other purposes, there are also concentrators based on nitrogen separation membrane technology.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: An oxygen concentrator takes in air and removes nitrogen from it, leaving an oxygen-enriched gas for use by people requiring medical oxygen due to low oxygen levels in their blood. Oxygen concentrators provide an economical source of oxygen in industrial processes where they are also known as oxygen gas generators or oxygen generation plants.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: At high pressure, the porous zeolite adsorbs large quantities of nitrogen, because of its large surface area and chemical characteristics. The oxygen concentrator compresses air and passes it over zeolite, causing the zeolite to adsorb the nitrogen from the air. It then collects the remaining gas, which is mostly oxygen, and the nitrogen desorbs from the zeolite under the reduced pressure to be vented.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Older units cycled for a period of about 20 seconds and supplied up to 5 litres per minute of 90+% oxygen. Since about 1999, units capable of supplying up to 10 L/min have been available.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: In membrane gas separation, membranes act as a permeable barrier which different compounds move across at different rates or do not cross at all.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Medical oxygen concentrators are used in hospitals or at home to concentrate oxygen for patients. PSA generators provide a cost-efficient source of oxygen. They are a safer, less expensive, and more convenient alternative to tanks of cryogenic oxygen or pressurised cylinders. They can be used in various industries including medical, pharmaceutical production, water treatment and glass manufacture.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: PSA generators are particularly useful in remote or inaccessible parts of the world or mobile medical facilities (military hospitals, disaster facilities).

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Since the early 2000s, many companies have produced portable oxygen concentrators. Typically, these devices produce the equivalent of one to five liters per minute of continuous oxygen flow and they use some version of pulse flow or "demand flow" to deliver oxygen only when the patient is inhaling. They can also provide pulses of oxygen either to provide higher intermittent flows or to reduce the power consumption.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Research into oxygen concentration is ongoing and modern techniques suggest that the amount of adsorbent required by medical oxygen concentrators can be potentially "reduced by a factor of three while offering ∼10–20% higher oxygen recovery compared to a typical commercial unit."

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: The FAA has approved the use of portable oxygen concentrators on commercial airlines. However, users of these devices should check in advance as to whether a particular brand or model is permitted on a particular airline. Unlike in commercial airlines, users of aircraft without cabin pressurization need oxygen concentrators which are able to deliver enough flowrate even at high altitudes.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Usually, "demand" or pulse-flow oxygen concentrators are not used by patients while they sleep. There have been problems with the oxygen concentrators not being able to detect when the sleeping patient is inhaling. Some larger portable oxygen concentrators are designed to operate in a continuous-flow mode in addition to pulse-flow mode. Continuous-flow mode is considered safe for night use when coupled with a CPAP machine.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Common models retail at around $600 - $3,000. Leasing arrangements may be available through various medical-supply companies and/or insurance agencies.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Repurposed medical oxygen concentrators or specialized industrial oxygen concentrators can be made to operate "small" oxyacetylene or other fuel gas cutting, welding and lampworking torches.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: In both clinical and emergency-care situations, oxygen concentrators have the advantage of not being as dangerous as oxygen cylinders, which can, if ruptured or leaking, greatly increase the combustion rate of fire. As such, oxygen concentrators are particularly advantageous in military or disaster situations, where oxygen tanks may be dangerous or unfeasible.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Oxygen concentrators are considered sufficiently foolproof to be supplied to individual patients as a prescription item for use in their homes. Typically they are used as an adjunct to CPAP treatment of severe sleep apnea. There also are other medical uses for oxygen concentrators, including COPD and other respiratory diseases.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: People who depend upon oxygen concentrators for home care may have life-threatening emergencies if the electricity fails during a natural disaster.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: Non-medical oxygen concentrators can be used as feed gas to a medical oxygen system, such as the oxygen system in a hospital, though governmental approval is required, such as by the FDA, and additional filtering is generally required.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Oxygen concentrator

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the demand for oxygen concentrators. During the pandemic open source oxygen concentrators were developed, locally manufactured – with prices below imported products – and used, especially during a COVID-19 pandemic wave in India.

Question: 酸素ボンベが発明されたのはいつ


Kazuyoshi Miura

Context: , often known simply as Kazu (nicknamed "King Kazu"), is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Japan Football League club Suzuka Point Getters on loan from Yokohama FC.

Question: 日本初のプロサッカー選手はだれ


Kazuyoshi Miura

Context: He returned to Verdy Kawasaki for the 1995 season and played with them until the end of the 1998 season.

Question: 日本初のプロサッカー選手はだれ


Kazuyoshi Miura

Context: He returned to Japan, however, following a brief trial with AFC Bournemouth, in the same year, and played with Kyoto Purple Sanga and Vissel Kobe.

Question: 日本初のプロサッカー選手はだれ


Kazuyoshi Miura

Context: In January 2018, he signed a new contract, and renewed it again in January 2019, January 2020, and January 2021.

Question: 日本初のプロサッカー選手はだれ


Kazuyoshi Miura

Context: On 5 August 2020, he started in a J.League Cup match against Sagan Tosu, becoming the oldest player to take to the pitch in Japan's league cup competition, at the age of 53 years, 5 months and 10 days. By doing so, he surpassed the previous record of 42 years, 10 months set in 2017 by Yukio Tsuchiya.

Question: 日本初のプロサッカー選手はだれ


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld won the PDC World Cup of Darts four times (once with Co Stompé and three times with Michael van Gerwen) and the WDF World Cup Pairs once (with Vincent van der Voort), all whilst representing the Netherlands. He also won the PDC World Pairs with Roland Scholten.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: From January to June 2008, he was the world's number one ranked player. His victory over Phil Taylor in the 2007 PDC World Championship final, added to his four previous BDO World Championships brought him level with Eric Bristow as a five-time world champion; he is one of only three players in darts history to achieve this.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: He is one of the most successful Dutch darts players to date, and has had a significant effect in raising the popularity of darts in the Netherlands. He is naturally left-handed but throws darts with his right hand.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld's World Championship debut was at the 1991 Embassy World Championship at the Lakeside Country Club. His debut at the World Championship however was short-lived as he was comfortably beaten 3–0 by Keith Sullivan of Australia.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: He started to make some progress on the British Darts Organisation circuit in the early 1990s, reaching the quarter-finals of the Belgian Open in September 1990 and the German Open in March 1991. His first semi-final came at the Swiss Open in June 1991.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld continued to make progress in the BDO Open events in 1994 after the split. Despite failing to qualify for the 1994 BDO World Championship, he reached the quarter-finals of both Dutch Open and Berlin Open, the semi-final at the Belgium Open and his first and only final in a major in 1994, at the Finnish Open where he lost to Andy Fordham.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: He continued his good run of form into the 1995 World Championship by beating Les Wallace, Dave Askew, Colin Monk and Martin Adams to reach his first World Final. Van Barneveld's run to the final would eventually come to an end as he was defeated 6–3 by Welshman Richie Burnett.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: After second round exits in 1996 and 1997 Championships, Van Barneveld claimed his first world title in the 1998 World Championship in a World Final grudge match meeting against Richie Burnett. This time Van Barneveld was the victor, edging Burnett 6–5 in an game which is often considered to be one of the greatest finals of all time having reached 5–5 in sets Van Barneveld finally took the title by winning the final set 4–2 in legs on double 8.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld exited in the first round of the World Championships in 2000, crashing out to Chris Mason, who averaged 100 and ended Van Barneveld's hopes of a hat-trick of titles, as well as avenging a semi final loss from the previous year.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld lost in the quarter-finals in 2001 (5–4 to Ted Hankey) and 2002 (5–3 to Mervyn King) before returning to the final in 2003. He clinched his third world title by beating Ritchie Davies of Wales 6–3.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld's 2004 campaign ended in the semi-finals, when Andy Fordham recovered from being 3–0 and 4–2 behind, to beat Van Barneveld 5–4.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: A fourth title followed in 2005. He never dropped a set in the first three rounds as he beat Gary Anderson, Mike Veitch and Vincent van der Voort. A 5–3 semi-final win over Darryl Fitton and 6–2 triumph over Martin Adams of England in the final brought him that fourth title.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld reached his sixth final in 2006, and was aiming to equal Bristow's record of five BDO world titles. However, his opponent, 21-year-old fellow countryman Jelle Klaasen, prevailed 7–5.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: He has also won the prestigious Winmau World Masters title twice: once in 2001 when he recorded a win in the final over Jarkko Komula of Finland and again in 2005 when he beat Göran Klemme in the final. Other major darts tournaments that he has won at least twice include The World Darts Trophy and The International Darts League.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: After playing in the BDO for twenty years, winning four World Championships, Van Barneveld announced his move from the BDO to the PDC on 15 February 2006. He cited his reasons as wanting a greater challenge, and regularly playing against players like Phil Taylor. Having started from scratch in the rankings, within twelve months he had reached world number two and became World Champion.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: His PDC debut came in the 2006 Premier League competition. He won his first match 8–1 against Baxter. On 23 March, he hit his first televised nine dart finish and faced Taylor later in the same night, fighting back for a 7–7 draw. The rematch came on Van Barneveld's 39th birthday, but this time Taylor won the deciding leg for an 8–6 victory. Van Barneveld lost in a surprise 11–3 semi-final defeat in the Premier League to fellow Dutchman Roland Scholten.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Taylor and Van Barneveld met again in the 2007 PDC World Championship final, in a match which Taylor later described as the best final he had been involved in. From three sets down, Van Barneveld came back to beat Taylor 7–6 in the sudden death leg in one of the greatest darts matches of all time to match Bristow's record of five world titles. In February 2007, Van Barneveld won the 2007 Masters of Darts tournament by beating Peter Manley 7–0 in sets in the final with a 107 three dart average.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: In the 2007 Premier League Darts, he never fared as well as he did in 2006, losing to Taylor twice, Dennis Priestley and Lloyd in the group section. He finished second but lost an error-filled encounter 11–10 to Terry Jenkins in the semi-final.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: His haul of titles in the PDC continued to grow since his switch. In addition to his four major titles (the World Championship, two UK Open Championships and the Vegas Desert Classic) – he has added eleven non-televised PDC Pro Tour titles (five UK Open Regionals and six Players Championships).

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld threw another televised nine dart finish in the 2009 PDC World Darts Championship in his quarter-final match against fellow Dutchman Klaasen on 2 January 2009. Van Barneveld hit two maximum 180s before nailing treble 20, treble 19 and double 12 to complete his nine-darter in the second leg of the sixth set.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld threw his fourth nine dart finish in the Blue Square UK Open West Midlands Regional on 29 March 2009 in the third round against Kirk Shepherd. Barney only earned £400 for this as Mervyn King snapped up the £4,000 bonus on 28 March 2009 at the Coventry Players Championship with a nine dart finish.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: In the 2009 Las Vegas Desert Classic, Barney returned to form, losing narrowly to Phil Taylor 13–11 in the final. After the game, Barney took the microphone from Sky Sports presenter Dave Clark and gave a speech about Phil Taylor.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: On 28 December 2009, he hit another nine-darter in the second round of the PDC World Championship against Brendan Dolan, becoming the first player to hit two nine-dart finishes in the PDC World Championship. He went on to reach the semi finals before losing 6–5 to Simon Whitlock. He also lost the third-place play-off 10–8 in legs to Mark Webster.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: In the 2010 PDC World Darts Championship, Simon Whitlock defeated Van Barneveld 6–5 in a close semi final encounter.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld returned to top form at the 2010 World Matchplay. In the first round against Denis Ovens on 17 July 2010, Van Barneveld hit another nine-darter. After then defeating Alan Tabern and Co Stompé, Van Barneveld defeated former World Matchplay champion, James Wade, by 17–8 in the semi final. In the final, Phil Taylor defeated Van Barneveld 18–12.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: The 2011 UK Open saw Barneveld progress to the fifth round of the competition where he was defeated 9–1 by an on form Wes Newton who was eventual runner-up.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: On the day of his first-round match in the 2011 World Matchplay Barney lost his darts. He contacted his sponsors with a S.O.S which meant they had to contact the closest supplier to deliver a new set for him. He received the set with no problems and used them to defeat Steve Brown 10–3 averaging 95.56.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld was a Sky Sports pick for the Premier League. During the tournament he produced his then highest ever televised average of 112.28 whilst defeating Kevin Painter 8–6. He went into the final round of matches knowing a win over James Wade would secure him a place in the play-offs, but could only manage to draw the match 7–7 to finish 5th in the table, out of the play-off places on leg difference.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: At the World Matchplay Van Barneveld lost to Terry Jenkins 13–10 in the last 16. In September, he broke his highest televised average for the second time this year by averaging 113.04 in a 6–1 win against Jenkins at the European Championship. He went on to the quarter-finals, where he lost 10–8 to Kim Huybrechts.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: After all 33 ProTour events of 2012 had been played, Van Barneveld finished fourth on the Order of Merit to qualify for the Players Championship Finals where he lost 6–5 to Steve Beaton in the first round.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld beat Larry Butler to qualify from his group at the Grand Slam and then came past James Wade 10–7 and Mark Webster 16–12 to reach the semi-finals, where he lost 16–12 to Taylor.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld reached the quarter final of the 2018 PDC World Darts Championship, losing to Michael van Gerwen 5–4. He reached his first premier event final for three years at the 2018 Masters, being defeated by Van Gerwen. Partnering Van Gerwen at the 2018 PDC World Cup of Darts, the Dutch duo retained their title, beating the Scotland pair of Gary Anderson and Peter Wright.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld announced on 19 November that he would retire after the 2020 PDC World Darts Championship.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld was eliminated in the second round of the 2019 PDC World Darts Championship by Darius Labanauskas. He was invited to the 2019 Premier League Darts, being eliminated after the first phase, having been bottom of the table after nine matches. Following the elimination, Van Barneveld announced his immediate retirement on 28 March, before reversing the decision a day later.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: He retired following a 3-1 defeat to American Darin Young in the first round of the 2020 PDC World Darts Championship, a result he claimed he could "never forgive" himself for.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: On 23 September 2020, Van Barneveld announced his intention to compete in the PDC Q-School for 2021, reversing his decision to retire.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: He qualified for the second phase of Q-school after winning through on points before securing his two year tour card on the last day finishing 3rd on the Order of Merit.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: On 27 February, Van Barneveld won his first tournament after his comeback at just the third time of asking, at the Players Championship 3 in Bolton. His 8-6 victory over marked his first individual PDC title since the 2014 Premier League, and first ranking title since 2013.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: In 2012, Van Barneveld, together with the seven other players who competed in the 2012 Premier League Darts recorded a charity single with Chas Hodges and his band called 'Got My Tickets for the Darts' which was written by Chas. It was released exclusively on iTunes on 18 May, the night after the play-offs at the O2 in London, where it was premiered. Proceeds from the single were donated to the Haven House Children's Hospice.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: In 2017, Van Barneveld featured in the song '180 linkerbaan' (180 left lane) by Dutch rapper Donnie (Donald Scloszkie).

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: Van Barneveld lives in The Hague with his fiancé Julia. Raymond has three children: a son, Mike (born 1989) and daughters Daisy (born 1992) and Patty (born 1994). In October 2009, during the World Grand Prix tournament in Ireland, Van Barneveld revealed that he had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes that summer, and that it can affect his vision if his blood sugar level is too high. He is a supporter of ADO Den Haag.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


Raymond van Barneveld

Context: In January 2009, in the quarter-finals of the 2009 PDC World Darts Championship, Van Barneveld became the first player in professional darts to hit a nine darter at the PDC World Darts Championship.

Question: ライモント・ファン・バルネフェルトは何歳でダーツを始めた？


OMON

Context: OMON is much larger and better known than SOBR, another special-police branch of the National Guard of Russia. In modern contexts, OMON serves as a riot police group, or as a gendarmerie-like paramilitary force. OMON units also exist in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and other post-Soviet states. However, some post-Soviet units have changed names and acronyms. Russian-speakers commonly refer to OMON officers as omonovtsy (; singular: omonovyets – ).

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: On 5 April 2016 OMON became part of the newly-established National Guard of Russia, ending its years as part of the Ministry of the Interior (MVD).

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: Special purpose militia units were formed on May 5, 1919 in the Russian state in the structure of the “white” (Siberian) militia. Alexander Kolchak emphasized that

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: These militia units operated where open war gave way to partisan war. The detachment consisted of four foot and one horse platoons. The staff included 285 people. In those days, there was no such thing as a "“omonovets”" therefore these units were called "guards".

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: Soviet OMON originated in 1979, when the first Soviet police tactical unit was founded in preparation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow to ensure that there were no terrorist incidents like the Munich massacre during the 1972 Summer Olympics. Subsequently, the unit was to be utilized in emergencies such as high-risk arrests, hostage crises and acts of terror.

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: In January 2012, Russia's OMON was renamed from "Otryad Militsii Osobogo Naznacheniya", (Special Purpose Militia Unit) to "Otryad Mobilniy Osobogo Naznacheniya" (Special Purpose Mobile Unit), keeping the acronym.

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: In 2021 OMON officers tortured Jehovah's Witnesses in Irkutsk in an attempt to make them inform about other members.

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: Some OMON units participated in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine where they were intended to disperse riots and control civil unrest after Kyiv was captured. The failure to capture Kyiv resulted in some SOBR missions becoming redundant, they also ended up engaging in military combat and some of its personnel being killed in action or captured by the Ukrainian Armed Forces.

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: A group of OMON officers are suing for unlawful dismissal after being sacked for refusing to fight in Ukraine.

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: As riot police, OMON often uses special equipment termed riot gear to help protect themselves and attack others. Riot gear typically includes personal armor, batons, riot and tactical shields, and riot helmets. OMON also deploys specialized less-than-lethal weapons, such as water cannon, pepper spray, tear gas, sponge grenades, pistols, rifles, and shotguns which fire rubber bullets, bean bag rounds, stun grenades, and Long Range Acoustic Devices.

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: OMON vehicles include specially-equipped vans, buses and trucks of various types (often armored and sometimes equipped with mounted machine guns), as well as a limited number of armored personnel carriers such as GAZ Tigr, BTR-60, BTR-70 and BTR-80.

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: OMON's headgear remains their signature black beret (they are thus sometimes called "Black Berets"), which they share with the Naval Infantry.

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


OMON

Context: OMON, as part of the RosGvard, is transitioning to the Russian version of the ATACS LE (blue/grey) but units are still seen wearing the traditional Noch-91 uniform in all-black, and blue or gray Tigerstripe camouflage, a not uncommon sight has been a variety of Russian Army and Russian Internal Troops uniforms, often with (black) balaclava masks and/or helmets.

Question: ロシアの特殊部隊OMONはいつ設立した？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: The Fall of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire, was a decisive event in the Spanish conquest of the empire. It occurred in 1521 following extensive manipulation of local factions and exploitation of pre-existing political divisions by Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés. He was aided by indigenous allies, and his interpreter and companion La Malinche.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: The conquest of the Aztec Empire was a critical stage in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. With this conquest, Spain gained substantial access to the Pacific Ocean. Through that, the Spanish Empire could finally achieve its original oceanic goal of reaching the Asian markets.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: Cortés's army entered the city on the flower-covered causeway from Iztapalapa, associated with the god Quetzalcoatl. Cortés was amicably received by Moctezuma. The captive woman Malinalli Tenépal, also known as Doña Marina, translated from Nahuatl to Chontal Maya; the Spaniard Gerónimo de Aguilar translated from Chontal Maya to Spanish.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: At this time, the Mexica (Aztecs) began to prepare for the annual festival of Toxcatl in early May, in honor of Tezcatlipoca, otherwise known as the Smoking Mirror or the Omnipotent Power. They honored this god during the onset of the dry season so that the god would fill dry streambeds and cause rain to fall on crops. Moctezuma secured the consent of Cortés to hold the festival, and again confirmed permission with Alvarado.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: Alvarado was commissioned by Cortés to take over his post and to foresee everything related to interactions among Spaniards and the Mexica, right at the time when the Toxcatl festival was to occur. Cortés expressly instructed Alvarado to not perform any military action, during his absence. Alvarado however had an unstable temperament and engaged in inquiring where the gold of the nobility was stored.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: He tortured priests and nobles and discovered that the Aztecs were planning a revolt. Unable to assert control over events, he sequestered Moctezuma and increased the guards around the tlatoani.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: By the day of the festival, the Aztecs had gathered on the Patio of Dances. Alvarado had sixty of his men as well as many of his Tlaxcalan allies into positions around the patio. The Aztecs initiated the Serpent Dance. The euphoric dancing as well as the accompanying flute and drum playing disturbed Alvarado about the potential for revolt. He ordered the gates closed and initiated the killing of many thousands of Aztec nobles, warriors and priests.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: The massacre had the result of resolutely turning all the Aztecs against the Spanish and completely undermining Moctezuma's authority.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: Cortés failed to grasp the full extent of the situation, as the attack on the festival was the last straw for the Aztecs, who now were completely against Moctezuma and the Spanish. The military gains of the attack therefore had a serious political cost for Cortés. His new followers were greatly disturbed at the power of the Aztecs, and held Cortés to be a liar since nobody revered them and brought them food and gifts as Cortés had promised.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: The flight of the Spanish from Tenochtitlan was a crushing defeat for Cortés that was just short of annihilation. It is still remembered as "La Noche Triste," The Night of Sorrows. Popular tales say Cortés wept under a tree the night of the massacre of his troops at the hands of the Aztecs.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: Initially, Cortés resolved to fight the Aztec troops opposed to him and win the city in direct conflict. This stemmed from three errors of judgment:

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: 1. Underestimation of the Aztecs. Cortés fought the Tabascans, the Cempoalans, the Tlaxcalans and found them strong opponents, but always prevailed. He had never fought an Aztec army before and did not expect such resolve and martial skill as he encountered – although all his previous foes warned that the Mexicans were the greatest warriors they had ever seen and could not be withstood within their city.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: 3. Unprepared for enemy tactics. The Aztecs had fought for the lake cities many times before and their tactics were excellent - the use of canoes, the use of flat roofs with prepared missiles, dropping down into the lake when cornered, and destroying bridges. Cavalry could not operate in these conditions and control of the water was crucial, which Cortés did not realize at first.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: Though a flight from the city would make Cortés appear weak before his indigenous allies, it was this or death for the Spanish forces. Cortés and his men were in the center of the city, and would most likely have to fight their way out no matter what direction they took. Cortés wanted to flee to Tlaxcala, so a path directly east would have been most favorable. Nevertheless, this would require hundreds of canoes to move all of Cortés's people and supplies, which he was unable to procure in his position.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？


Fall of Tenochtitlan

Context: Cortés therefore had to choose among three land routes: north to Tlatelolco, which was the least dangerous path but required the longest trip through the city; south to Coyohuacan and Iztapalapa, two towns that would not welcome the Spanish; or west to Tlacopan, which required the shortest trip through Tenochtitlan, though they would not be welcome there either. Cortés decided on the west causeway to Tlacopan, needing the quickest route out of Tenochtitlan with all his provisions and people.

Question: アステカが滅亡した原因は何？