Metal detector

Context: These machines were initially very large, complex, and operated on vacuum tubes , however, they were useful, and as a result, their popularity grew. Most notably, after world war these early metal detectors were used to locate and clear landmines and unexploded bombs throughout Europe.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Gerhard Fischer developed a portable metal detector in 1925. Fischer's model was first marketed commercially in 1931, and he was responsible for the first large-scale hand-held metal detector development.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Gerhard Fisher studied electronics at the University of Dresden before immigrating to the United States. When working as a Research Engineer in Los Angeles, California, he came up with the concept of a portable metal detector while working with aircraft radio detection finders. Fisher shared the concept with Albert Einstein, who foresaw the widespread use of hand-held metal detectors.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Dr. Gerhard Fisher, the founder of Fisher Research Laboratory, was contracted by the Federal Telegraph Company and Western Air Express to establish airborne direction finding equipment in the late 1920s. He received some of the first patents in the area of radio-based airborne direction finding. He came across some unusual errors in the course of his work, and once he figured out what was wrong, he had the foresight to apply the solution to a totally unrelated area, metal and mineral detection."

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Fisher received the patent for the first portable metal detector in 1925, and in 1931, he marketed his first Fisher device to the general public, and he established a famous Fisher Labs company that started to manufacture and develop hand-held metal detectors and sell it commercially.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Despite the fact that Fisher was the first to receive a patent for a metal detector, he was only one of many who improved and mastered the device. Charles Garrett, the founder of Garrett Metal Detectors, was another key figure in the creation of today's metal detectors.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Garrett, an electrical engineer by profession, began metal detecting as a pastime in the early 1960s. He tried a number of machines on the market but couldn't find one that could do what he needed. As a result, he started developing his own metal detector. He was able to develop a system that removed oscillator drift, as well as many special search coils that he patented, both of which effectively revolutionized metal detector design at the time.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: In the 1960s, the first industrial metal detectors were produced, and they were widely used for mineral prospecting and other industrial purposes. De-mining (the detection of landmines), the detection of weapons such as knives and guns (particularly in airport security), geophysical prospecting, archaeology, and treasure hunting are just some of the applications.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Metal detectors are also used to detect foreign bodies in food, as well as steel reinforcement bars in concrete and pipes, as well as wires buried in walls or floors in the building industry.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Transistors, discriminators, modern search coil designs, and wireless technology, all of which were developed in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, have had a significant impact on the advancement of metal detectors as we know them today. Both of these factors, as well as others, have contributed to the metal detector's current status as a lightweight, compact, easy-to-use, deep-seeking system.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: The invention of a tunable induction device was the most significant technological advancement in detectors. Two electro-magnetically tuned coils were used in this method. One coil serves as an RF transmitter, while the other serves as a receiver; in some situations, these coils may be tuned to frequencies ranging from 3 to 100 kHz.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Unfortunately, ground mineralization interference affects high frequency as well. This selectivity, or discrimination, allowed the development of detectors that could detect desirable metals while ignoring undesirable metals.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Even with discriminators, avoiding undesirable metals was difficult because some of them have similar phase responses (for example, tinfoil and gold), particularly in alloy form. As a result, tuning out those metals incorrectly increased the chance of missing a valuable discovery. Discriminators also had the downside of lowering the sensitivity of the devices.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Since the beginning of the invention of the metal detector and its commercial sale, many manufacturers of metal detectors were established during the twentieth century in the United States of America.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: These companies provided dozens of new products and various multi-purpose metal detectors suitable for all prospectors categories from beginners to professionals, and these companies contributed to the development of device technology and its features. By providing improvements and additions to the general design of metal detectors.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Dr. Gerhard R. Fisher, the engineer and inventor who was the first to obtain a patent for the metal detector, founded Fisher Research Labs in 1931. Fisher Research Labs began in Fisher's garage and has grown from there. Fisher Labs, the world's oldest metal detector company, uses cutting-edge technologies to create reliable devices.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Dr. Fisher was a Research Engineer in Los Angeles in the late 1920s when he received the first patent for aircraft radio direction finders. He was a German refugee who studied electronics at the University of Dresden. Dr. Albert Einstein was impressed with his groundbreaking work in aviation. Dr. Einstein expected the widespread use of radio direction finders in the air, on land, and at sea after seeing a demonstration of Fisher's equipment.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Fisher Research Labs was built in Fisher's garage in Palo Alto, California, in 1931. He and four coworkers created the "Metallascope", a tough, user-friendly metal detector. It was an ungainly unit, with two wide, flat wooden boxes containing basic copper coils, five vacuum tubes, and a few assorted parts, by today's standards of lightweight handheld detectors. The Metallascope quickly captured the nation's and, within a brief period, the world's imagination.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: To meet the increasing demand for the Metallascope, also known as the M-Scope, Fisher Labs relocated to a small building at 745 Emerson St. in Palo Alto in 1936. Dr. Fisher received a patent for his invention not long ago. For all forms of electronic metal detection, the M-Scope became the agreed standard.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: It was used by geologists to find ore, fortune seekers to find treasure, service companies to identify underground tubing, timber mills to detect metal inclusions in sawn logs, and law enforcement to discover lost and concealed weapons.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Fisher relocated to a larger apartment in Palo Alto in 1939, shortly before World War II, at 1961 University Ave. Fisher Research Labs was called upon to devote its scientific expertise to the war effort during World War II and the Korean Conflict, but the M-Scope industry was never ignored.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Fisher Labs relocated to a new manufacturing plant in Belmont, California, in 1961. Dr. Fisher's reputation and career had left an indelible imprint on the world of electronics by the time he retired in 1967. Fisher Research Labs expanded and relocated to Los Banos, Calif., in 1974, where it remained until 2006, when it was purchased by First Texas Holdings Corporation. First Texas relocated the firm to El Paso, Texas.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Fisher was the pioneer in metal detection technology and it is the first to introduce new innovations and technologies in metal detection, treasure detection and security products. The company invented or enhanced existed technologies in electromagnetic engineering for devices.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Search systems in Fisher's metal detectors include multiple search technologies that rely on electromagnetic technology including VLF, Pulse Induction and other derived technologies for detection of metal using a special features for metal discrimination through signal based Target ID or acoustic output based on metal type.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Some devices incorporate a mechanism to select predefined settings known as search modes or detection modes that offer a different system for multiple purposes and conditions based on ground terrain, soil type and other factors.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Metal detectors from the Bounty Hunter business are plain, fast, and inexpensive devices for the hobby of searching for gold and lost metal items such as rings, coins, and so on.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: The Bounty Hunter corporation is headquartered in El Paso, Texas, and its parent company, First Texas, comprises several metal detector manufacturers, such as Fisher Labs and Teknetics, as well as firms that specialize in other areas, such as night vision systems.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: The company produces a wide range of metal detector models with various features, including metal detectors for kids, coin shooting detectors for amateurs, and even gold prospectors metal detectors.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: All of the company's metal detectors use electromagnetic equipment, such as very low technology VLF with a search coil system, and they have a search area and a very shallow depth of less than 2 meters underground.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Throughout its existence, the company has manufactured approximately 55 products, including various devices and related accessories in various models, as well as search coils for various purposes.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Multiple search technologies based on electromagnetic technology are available in Bounty Hunter's metal detectors, including VLF, Pulse Induction, and other derived technologies for metal detection using special features.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Metal detector

Context: Some systems provide a mechanism for selecting predefined settings called search modes or detection modes, which have a different method for different purposes and conditions depending on ground terrain, soil type, and other variables.

Question: 금속 탐지기를 처음 개발한 사람은 누구인가?


Hanwha Eagles

Context: The Eagles made it back to the Korean Series in 2006, again falling short. The Eagles did not make the KBO playoffs for eleven years, from 2008 through 2017, despite going through five managers during that time, including the KBO's two winningest managers, Kim Eung-ryong (2013–2014) and Kim Sung-keun (2015–2017).

Question: 한화 이글스 구단주는 누구인가요?


Hanwha Eagles

Context: The Eagles have three retired numbers on their roster. Those are for the slugger Chang Jong-hoon (35), and the pitchers Jung Min-cheul (23) and Song Jin-woo (21).

Question: 한화 이글스 구단주는 누구인가요?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The Japanese invasions of Korea of 1592–1598 or Imjin War involved two separate yet linked invasions: an initial invasion in 1592 (Imjin Disturbance), a brief truce in 1596, and a second invasion in 1597 (Chongyu War). The conflict ended in 1598 with the withdrawal of Japanese forces from the Korean Peninsula after a military stalemate in Korea's southern provinces.

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: In Korean, the first invasion (1592–1593) is called the "Japanese Disturbance of Imjin" (倭 亂 ; "wae" "ran"), where 1592 is an "imjin" year in the sexagenary cycle. The second invasion (1597–1598) is called the "Second War of Jeong-yu" (丁酉). Collectively, the invasions are referred to as the Imjin War.

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Beginning in March 1591, the Kyūshū "daimyōs" and their labor forces constructed Nagoya Castle in Nagoya, Saga (modern-day Karatsu, Saga, not to be confused with present day Nagoya city in Aichi Prefecture) as the center for the mobilization of the invasion forces. In 1592, Hideyoshi sent a letter to the Philippines demanding tribute from the Spanish governor general and stating that Japan had already received tribute from Korea (which was a misunderstanding) and the Ryukyus.

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The Ming Chinese army was the largest in Asia, with a total of around 845,000 troops. However, in 1592 the Imperial Army was engaged in wars with the Mongols and in crushing a rebellion in the northwest. The Ming army was capable of considerable feats of organization, for example bringing 400 artillery guns across 480 km of harsh landscape to provide firepower against the Mongols.

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Japanese soldiers also relied on their advantage in ranged combat. One of the Japanese commanders wrote home in 1592:

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The next day, using what they had learned from observing the retreating Korean troops, the Japanese began sending troops to the other shore over the shallow points in the river, in a systematic manner, and at this sight the Koreans abandoned the city overnight. On July 20, 1592, the First and Third Divisions entered the deserted city of Pyongyang. In the city, they managed to capture 100,000 tons of military supplies and grain.

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The Korean navy relied on a network of local fishermen and scouting boats to receive intelligence of the enemy movements. On the dawn of July 21, 1592, Yi Sun-sin and Yi Eok-gi set sail with 24 panokseons, 15 small warships, and 46 boats (i.e. fishing boats), and arrived at the waters of Gyeongsang Province by sunset. The Japanese had been sailing up and down the Korean coast, looting and burning all of the seaside villages, and did not expect opposition from the Korean navy.

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: On August 16, 1592, Yi Sun-sin led their fleet to the harbor of Angolpo, where 42 Japanese vessels were docked, in the Battle of Angolpo. After a brief skirmish he ordered a false retreat to the open ocean. The Japanese fleet pursued the Korean fleet, with the flagship taking the lead. However, as the Japanese ships reached the open sea, Admiral Yi ordered the panokseon warships to encircle the Japanese fleet. Surrounded, the Japanese fleet was destroyed.

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: There were three main types of Korean "righteous army" militias during the war: the surviving and leaderless Korean regular soldiers, the patriotic yangbans (aristocrats) and commoners, and Buddhist monks. By the summer of 1592, there were about 22,200 Korean guerrillas serving the Righteous Army, who tied up much of the Japanese force.

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Soon after retaking Pyongyang, Li Rusong also succeeded in retaking the major city of Kaesong on January 19, 1592, and met only minor resistance from the Japanese defenders.

Question: 조선이 일본의 침략을 받을 당시 조선의 지도자는 누구였나?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: "Byte" in 1989 listed Illustrator 88 as among the "Distinction" winners of the Byte Awards, stating that with it Adobe had "pulled ahead" of previously industry-dominant competitor Aldus FreeHand.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: Early versions of the software did not support working in preview mode and users needed to have two windows open on their desktop in order to have a live preview of their work. One window would show the work in progress and the other window would show a preview of the work in progress.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: With the introduction of Illustrator 7 in 1997, Adobe made critical changes in the user interface with regard to path editing (and also to converge on the same user interface as Adobe Photoshop), and many users opted not to upgrade. Illustrator also began to support TrueType, effectively ending the "font wars" between PostScript Type 1 and TrueType. Like Photoshop, Illustrator also began supporting plug-ins, greatly and quickly extending its abilities.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: Adobe bought Aldus in 1994 for Page Maker. As part of the transaction, the Federal Trade Commission issued a complaint of Adobe Systems on October 18, 1994, ordering a divestiture of FreeHand to "remedy the lessening of competition resulting from the acquisition" because of Adobe's Illustrator software. As a result, Macromedia acquired Free Hand in 1995 from its original developer, Altsys, and continued its development through 2004.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: Illustrator Version 9 included a tracing feature, similar to that within Adobe's discontinued product Streamline.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: Illustrator CS (aka version 11), released by Adobe for Mac and Windows in October 2003, was the first version to include 3-dimensional capabilities allowing users to extrude or revolve shapes to create simple 3D objects.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: Illustrator CS3 included interface updates to the Control Bar, the ability to align individual points, multiple Crop Areas, the Color Guide panel and the Live Color feature among others. CS3 was released on March 27, 2007.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: CS5 was released in April 2010. Along with a number of enhancements to existing functionality, Illustrator CS5's new features include a Perspective Grid tool taken from FreeHand, a Bristle Brush (for more natural and painterly looking strokes) and a comprehensive update to strokes, referred to by Adobe as "Beautiful Strokes".

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: In 2011 the Adobe Illustrator team developed a vector drawing app for iPad and iPhone, called Adobe Ideas. The app had many of the features of Adobe Illustrator, yet it was a free download. This allowed professionals to sketch and ideate "on the go" and allowed anyone to access world-class vector drawing capabilities. As a result, Facebook and social media posts appeared from all over the world with vector drawings from Adobe Ideas from pros and novices alike.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: Version CS6 was the 16th generation of Adobe Illustrator. Adobe added many more features and several bug fixes such as a new user interface, layer panels, RGB codes, and color ramp to increase performance. CS6 was released on April 23, 2012.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: Compatibility with Inkscape: Inkscape's native format is SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), which is supported by Adobe Illustrator, but the two implementations are not fully compatible. Inkscape also exports to PS, EPS and PDF, formats which Illustrator can recognize.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: A sidebar that appears at the left of the screen with a variety of tools to select, create, and manipulate objects or artworks in Illustrator. These tools can be selected as following: drawing, typing, painting, reshaping, slicing and cutting, symbolism, moving and zooming, and graph. Some tools have a small triangle at the bottom right of the toolbox icon. A small triangle has the option to view or expand some hidden tools by holding down the mouse button on the triangle.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Adobe Illustrator

Context: Illustrator Draw is a free-form vector drawing app for Android and iOS users. Along with Illustrator, it is currently marketed by Adobe through Creative Cloud. Drawings made with the Illustrator Draw app can be exported to the desktop programs of Adobe Illustrator.

Question: 어도비는 몇 년도에 출시되었는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The new king, Amulius, feared Romulus and Remus would take back the throne, so he ordered them to be drowned. A she-wolf (or a shepherd's wife in some accounts) saved and raised them, and when they were old enough, they returned the throne of Alba Longa to Numitor.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The Roman poet Virgil recounted this legend in his classical epic poem the "Aeneid", where the Trojan prince Aeneas is destined by the gods to found a new Troy. In the epic, the women also refuse to go back to the sea, but they were not left on the Tiber. After reaching Italy, Aeneas, who wanted to marry Lavinia, was forced to wage war with her former suitor, Turnus. According to the poem, the Alban kings were descended from Aeneas, and thus Romulus, the founder of Rome, was his descendant.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The city of Rome grew from settlements around a ford on the river Tiber, a crossroads of traffic and trade. According to archaeological evidence, the village of Rome was probably founded some time in the 8th century BC, though it may go back as far as the 10th century BC, by members of the Latin tribe of Italy, on the top of the Palatine Hill.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The Etruscans, who had previously settled to the north in Etruria, seem to have established political control in the region by the late 7th century BC, forming an aristocratic and monarchical elite. The Etruscans apparently lost power by the late 6th century BC, and at this point, the original Latin and Sabine tribes reinvented their government by creating a republic, with much greater restraints on the ability of rulers to exercise power.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Roman tradition and archaeological evidence point to a complex within the Forum Romanum as the seat of power for the king and the beginnings of the religious center there as well. Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome succeeding Romulus, began Rome's building projects with his royal palace, the Regia, and the complex of the Vestal virgins.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Other magistrates of the Republic include tribunes, quaestors, aediles, praetors and censors. The magistracies were originally restricted to patricians, but were later opened to common people, or plebeians. Republican voting assemblies included the "comitia centuriata" (centuriate assembly), which voted on matters of war and peace and elected men to the most important offices, and the "comitia tributa" (tribal assembly), which elected less important offices.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The Romans gradually subdued the other peoples on the Italian peninsula, including the Etruscans. The last threat to Roman hegemony in Italy came when Tarentum, a major Greek colony, enlisted the aid of Pyrrhus of Epirus in 281 BC, but this effort failed as well. The Romans secured their conquests by founding Roman colonies in strategic areas, thereby establishing stable control over the region of Italy they had conquered.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: In the 3rd century BC Rome faced a new and formidable opponent: Carthage. Carthage was a rich, flourishing Phoenician city-state that intended to dominate the Mediterranean area. The two cities were allies in the times of Pyrrhus, who was a menace to both, but with Rome's hegemony in mainland Italy and the Carthaginian thalassocracy, these cities became the two major powers in the Western Mediterranean and their contention over the Mediterranean led to conflict.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The First Punic War began in 264 BC, when the city of Messana asked for Carthage's help in their conflicts with Hiero II of Syracuse. After the Carthaginian intercession, Messana asked Rome to expel the Carthaginians. Rome entered this war because Syracuse and Messana were too close to the newly conquered Greek cities of Southern Italy and Carthage was now able to make an offensive through Roman territory; along with this, Rome could extend its domain over Sicily.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Although the Romans had experience in land battles, defeating this new enemy required naval battles. Carthage was a maritime power, and the Roman lack of ships and naval experience made the path to the victory a long and difficult one for the Roman Republic. Despite this, after more than 20 years of war, Rome defeated Carthage and a peace treaty was signed. Among the reasons for the Second Punic War was the subsequent war reparations Carthage acquiesced to at the end of the First Punic War.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: After defeating the Macedonian and Seleucid Empires in the 2nd century BC, the Romans became the dominant people of the Mediterranean Sea. The conquest of the Hellenistic kingdoms brought the Roman and Greek cultures in closer contact and the Roman elite, once rural, became a luxurious and cosmopolitan one. At this time Rome was a consolidated empire—in the military view—and had no major enemies.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Foreign dominance led to internal strife. Senators became rich at the provinces' expense; soldiers, who were mostly small-scale farmers, were away from home longer and could not maintain their land; and the increased reliance on foreign slaves and the growth of "latifundia" reduced the availability of paid work.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Lucius Cornelius Sulla was born into a poor family that used to be a patrician family. He had a good education but became poor when his father died and left none of his will. Sulla joined the theater and found many friends there, prior to becoming a general in the Jugurthine war.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: After Marius's retirement, Rome had a brief peace, during which the Italian "socii" ("allies" in Latin) requested Roman citizenship and voting rights. The reformist Marcus Livius Drusus supported their legal process but was assassinated, and the "socii" revolted against the Romans in the Social War. At one point both consuls were killed; Marius was appointed to command the army together with Lucius Julius Caesar and Sulla.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Marius died in 86 BC, due to age and poor health, just a few months after seizing power. Cinna exercised absolute power until his death in 84 BC. After returning from his Eastern campaigns, Sulla had a free path to reestablish his own power. In 83 BC he made his second march in Rome and began a time of terror: thousands of nobles, knights and senators were executed. Sulla also held two dictatorships and one more consulship, which began the crisis and decline of Roman Republic.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The Julio-Claudians continued to rule Rome after Augustus' death and remained in power until the death of Nero in 68 AD. Augustus' favorites to succeed him were already dead in his senescence: his nephew Marcellus died in 23 BC, his friend and military commander Agrippa in 12 BC and his grandson Gaius Caesar in 4 AD. Influenced by his wife, Livia Drusilla, Augustus appointed her son from another marriage, Tiberius, as his heir.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The Flavians were the second dynasty to rule Rome. By 68 AD, the year of Nero's death, there was no chance of a return to the Roman Republic, and so a new emperor had to arise. After the turmoil in the Year of the Four Emperors, Titus Flavius Vespasianus (anglicized as Vespasian) took control of the empire and established a new dynasty. Under the Flavians, Rome continued its expansion, and the state remained secure.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Marcus Aurelius, known as the Philosopher, was the last of the Five Good Emperors. He was a stoic philosopher and wrote the "Meditations". He defeated barbarian tribes in the Marcomannic Wars as well as the Parthian Empire. His co-emperor, Lucius Verus, died in 169 AD, probably from the Antonine Plague, a pandemic that killed nearly five million people through the Empire in 165–180 AD.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: From Nerva to Marcus Aurelius, the empire achieved an unprecedented status. The powerful influence of laws and manners had gradually cemented the union of the provinces. All the citizens enjoyed and abused the advantages of wealth. The image of a free constitution was preserved with decent reverence. The Roman senate appeared to possess the sovereign authority, and devolved on the emperors all the executive powers of government. The Five Good Emperors' rule is considered the golden era of the Empire.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: A disastrous scenario emerged after the death of Alexander Severus: the Roman state was plagued by civil wars, external invasions, political chaos, pandemics and economic depression. The old Roman values had fallen, and Mithraism and Christianity had begun to spread through the populace. Emperors were no longer men linked with nobility; they usually were born in lower-classes of distant parts of the Empire. These men rose to prominence through military ranks, and became emperors through civil wars.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: In 284 AD, Diocletian was hailed as Imperator by the eastern army. Diocletian healed the empire from the crisis, by political and economic shifts. A new form of government was established: the Tetrarchy. The Empire was divided among four emperors, two in the West and two in the East. The first tetrarchs were Diocletian (in the East), Maximian (in the West), and two junior emperors, Galerius (in the East) and Flavius Constantius (in the West). To adjust the economy, Diocletian made several tax reforms.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Voting power in the Republic depended on class. Citizens were enrolled in voting "tribes", but the tribes of the richer classes had fewer members than the poorer ones, all the "proletarii" being enrolled in a single tribe. Voting was done in class order, from top down, and stopped as soon as most of the tribes had been reached, so the poorer classes were often unable to cast their votes.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Women in ancient Rome shared some basic rights with their male counterparts, but were not fully regarded as citizens and were thus not allowed to vote or take part in politics. At the same time the limited rights of women were gradually expanded (due to emancipation) and women reached freedom from "pater familias", gained property rights and even had more juridical rights than their husbands, but still no voting rights, and were absent from politics.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Beginning at age 12, students went to secondary schools, where the teacher (now called a "grammaticus") taught them about Greek and Roman literature. At the age of 16, some students went on to rhetoric school (where the teacher, usually Greek, was called a "rhetor"). Education at this level prepared students for legal careers, and required that the students memorize the laws of Rome. Pupils went to school every day, except religious festivals and market days. There were also summer holidays.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The class struggles of the Roman Republic resulted in an unusual mixture of democracy and oligarchy. The word republic comes from the Latin "res publica", which literally translates to "public business". Roman laws traditionally could only be passed by a vote of the Popular assembly (Comitia Tributa). Likewise, candidates for public positions had to run for election by the people. However, the Roman Senate represented an oligarchic institution, which acted as an advisory body.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: By the 3rd century BC, the Romans abandoned the hoplite formation in favor of a more flexible system in which smaller groups of 120 (or sometimes 60) men called "maniples" could maneuver more independently on the battlefield. Thirty maniples arranged in three lines with supporting troops constituted a legion, totalling between 4,000 and 5,000 men.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The early Republican legion consisted of five sections, each of which was equipped differently and had different places in formation: the three lines of manipular heavy infantry ("hastati", "principes" and "triarii)", a force of light infantry ("velites"), and the cavalry ("equites"). With the new organization came a new orientation toward the offensive and a much more aggressive posture toward adjoining city-states.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Until the late Republican period, the typical legionary was a property-owning citizen farmer from a rural area (an "adsiduus") who served for particular (often annual) campaigns, and who supplied his own equipment and, in the case of "equites", his own mount. Harris suggests that down to 200 BC, the average rural farmer might participate in six or seven campaigns. Freedmen, slaves, and urban citizens served only in rare emergencies.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Following the end of a term as praetor or consul, a Senator might be appointed by the Senate as a "propraetor" or "proconsul" (depending on the highest office held before) to govern a foreign province. More junior officers (down to but not including the level of centurion) were selected by their commanders from their own "clientelae" or those recommended by political allies among the Senatorial elite.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Industrial and manufacturing activities were small. The largest such activities were the mining and quarrying of stones, which provided basic construction materials for the buildings of that period. In manufacturing, production was on a relatively small scale, and generally consisted of workshops and small factories that employed at most dozens of workers. However, some brick factories employed hundreds of workers.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Some economists consider the Roman Empire a market economy, similar in its degree of capitalistic practices to 17th century Netherlands and 18th century England.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Roman months had three important days: the calends (first day of each month, always in plural), the ides (13th or 15th of the month), and the nones (ninth day before the ides, inclusive, i.e. 5th or 7th of the month). Other days were counted backwards from the next one of these days. For example, what we call February 6, the Romans called "ante diem VIII idus Februarias" (inclusively the eighth day before the ides of February, which was February 13).

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Roman painting styles show Greek influences, and surviving examples are primarily frescoes used to adorn the walls and ceilings of country villas, though Roman literature includes mentions of paintings on wood, ivory, and other materials. Several examples of Roman painting have been found at Pompeii, and from these art historians divide the history of Roman painting into four periods.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The first style of Roman painting was practiced from the early 2nd century BC to the early- or mid-1st century BC. It was mainly composed of imitations of marble and masonry, though sometimes including depictions of mythological characters.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Portrait sculpture during the period utilized youthful and classical proportions, evolving later into a mixture of realism and idealism. During the Antonine and Severan periods, ornate hair and bearding, with deep cutting and drilling, became popular. Advancements were also made in relief sculptures, usually depicting Roman victories.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Latin literature was, from its start, influenced heavily by Greek authors. Some of the earliest extant works are of historical epics telling the early military history of Rome. As the Republic expanded, authors began to produce poetry, comedy, history, and tragedy.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Most religious rituals featured musical performances, with "tibiae" (double pipes) at sacrifices, cymbals and tambourines at orgiastic cults, and rattles and hymns across the spectrum. Some music historians believe that music was used at almost all public ceremonies. Music historians are not certain if Roman musicians made a significant contribution to the theory or practice of music.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The graffiti, brothels, paintings, and sculptures found in Pompeii and Herculaneum suggest that the Romans had a sex-saturated culture.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Butcher's meat such as beef was an uncommon luxury. The most popular meat was pork, especially sausages. Fish was more common than meat, with a sophisticated aquaculture and large-scale industries devoted to oyster farming. The Romans also engaged in snail farming and oak grub farming. Some fish were greatly esteemed and fetched high prices, such as mullet raised in the fishery at Cosa, and "elaborate means were invented to assure its freshness".

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Ancient Rome boasted impressive technological feats, using many advancements that were lost in the Middle Ages and not rivaled again until the 19th and 20th centuries. An example of this is insulated glazing, which was not invented again until the 1930s. Many practical Roman innovations were adopted from earlier Greek designs. Advancements were often divided and based on craft. Artisans guarded technologies as trade secrets.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Roman civil engineering and military engineering constituted a large part of Rome's technological superiority and legacy, and contributed to the construction of hundreds of roads, bridgess, aqueducts, public baths, theatres and arenas. Many monuments, such as the Colosseum, Pont du Gard, and Pantheon, remain as testaments to Roman engineering and culture.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The Romans were renowned for their architecture, which is grouped with Greek traditions into "Classical architecture". Although there were many differences from Greek architecture, Rome borrowed heavily from Greece in adhering to strict, formulaic building designs and proportions. Aside from two new orders of columns, composite and Tuscan, and from the dome, which was derived from the Etruscan arch, Rome had relatively few architectural innovations until the end of the Republic.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The Romans constructed numerous aqueducts to supply water to cities and industrial sites and to aid in their agriculture. By the third century, the city of Rome was supplied by 11 aqueducts with a combined length of . Most aqueducts were constructed below the surface, with only small portions above ground supported by arches. Sometimes, where valleys deeper than had to be crossed, inverted siphons were used to convey water across a valley.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The Romans also made major advancements in sanitation. Romans were particularly famous for their public baths, called "thermae", which were used for both hygienic and social purposes. Many Roman houses came to have flush toilets and indoor plumbing, and a complex sewer system, the "Cloaca Maxima", was used to drain the local marshes and carry waste into the Tiber river.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Ancient Rome is the progenitor of Western civilization. The customs, religion, law, technology, architecture, political system, military, literature, languages, alphabet, government and many factors and aspects of western civilization are all inherited from Roman advancements. The rediscovery of Roman culture revitalized Western civilization, playing a role in the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: As regards to the data on the pigmentation of eyes, hair, and skin, the following results were obtained from the study on ancient DNA of 11 individuals of the Iron Age/Republican period, coming from Latium and Abruzzo, and 27 individuals of Medieval/Early Modern period, coming from Latium.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: In the Iron Age/Republic period, the eye color is blue in 27% of those examined and dark in the remaining 73%. Hair color is 9% blond, or dark blond, and 91% dark brown or black. The skin color is intermediate for 82%, intermediate or dark for 9%, and dark or very dark for the remaining 9%.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: By contrast, the following results were obtained for the Medieval/Early Modern period: the eye color is blue in 26% of those examined and dark in the remaining 74%. Hair color is 22% blond or dark blond, 11% red, and 67% dark brown or black. The skin color is pale for 15%, intermediate for 68%, intermediate or dark for 10%, and dark or very dark for the remaining 7%.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: Although there has been a diversity of works on ancient Roman history, many of them are lost. As a result of this loss, there are gaps in Roman history, which are filled by unreliable works, such as the "Historia Augusta" and other books from obscure authors. However, there remains a number of reliable accounts of Roman history.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: The first historians used their works for the lauding of Roman culture and customs. By the end of Republic, some historians distorted their histories to flatter their patrons—especially at the time of Marius's and Sulla's clash. Caesar wrote his own histories to make a complete account of his military campaigns in Gaul and during the Civil War.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Ancient Rome

Context: In the Empire, the biographies of famous men and early emperors flourished, examples being "The Twelve Caesars" of Suetonius, and Plutarch's "Parallel Lives". Other major works of Imperial times were that of Livy and Tacitus.

Question: 고재 로마는 언제 무너졌는가?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: The Dutch RD coordinate system ("Rijksdriehoeksmeting") is also in common use. For transformation to and from geographical coordinates there is an official procedure RDNAPTRANS™ and approximate as well as precise tools available. The west–east coordinate is between 0 and 280 km, and the south–north coordinate between 300 and 620 km.

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: The central point is the "Onze-Lieve-Vrouwentoren" (Our Lady's Tower) in Amersfoort, with RD coordinates (155,000.00, 463,000.00 m) and geographic coordinates approximately .

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: Climate: temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters (European mainland), tropical (Caribbean islands)

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: Natural hazards: flooding by sea and rivers is a constant danger. The extensive system of dikes, dams, and sand dunes protect nearly one-half of the total area from being flooded during the heavy autumn storms from the north-west.

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: Environment – current issues: water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and fertilisers such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: In November 2016, the Netherlands and Belgium agreed to cede small, uninhabited parcels of land to reflect a change in course of the river Meuse (or Maas, in Dutch). The land swap is to take effect as of 2018.

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: The predominant wind direction in the European Netherlands is southwest, which causes a mild maritime climate, with moderately warm summers and cool winters, and typically high humidity. This is especially true close to the Dutch coastline, where the difference in temperature between summer and winter, as well as between day and night is noticeably smaller than it is in the southeast of the country.

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: Warm days—maximum temperature above —are usually found in April to October, but in some parts of the country these warm days can also occur in March, or even sometimes in November or February (usually not in , however). Summer days—maximum temperature above —are usually measured in from May until September, tropical days—maximum temperature above —are rare and usually occur only in June to August.

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: Precipitation throughout the year is distributed relatively equally each month. Summer and autumn months tend to gather a little more precipitation than the other months, mainly because of the intensity of the rainfall rather than the frequency of rain days (this is especially the case in summer when lightning is also much more frequent).

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: The number of sunshine hours is affected by the fact that because of the geographical latitude, the length of the days varies between barely eight hours in December and nearly 17 hours in June.

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Geography of the European Netherlands

Context: The following table are based on mean measurements by the KNMI weather station in De Bilt between 1991 and 2020. The highest recorded temperature was , reached on 25 July 2019 in Gilze-Rijen. The lowest temperature in the Netherlands was recorded at Winterswijk on 27 January 1942, when the temperature dropped to .

Question: 네덜란드 지리 좌표는 무엇인가요?


Galaxy

Context: A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. The word is derived from the Greek "" (), literally 'milky', a reference to the Milky Way galaxy that contains the Solar System. Galaxies range in size from dwarfs with just a few hundred million () stars to giants with one hundred trillion () stars, each orbiting its galaxy's center of mass.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral, or irregular. Many are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centers. The Milky Way's central black hole, known as Sagittarius A*, has a mass four million times greater than the Sun. As of March 2016, GN-z11 is the oldest and most distant galaxy observed. It has a comoving distance of 32 billion light-years from Earth, and is seen as it existed just 400 million years after the Big Bang.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In the astronomical literature, the capitalized word "Galaxy" is often used to refer to our galaxy, the Milky Way, to distinguish it from the other galaxies in our universe. The English term "Milky Way" can be traced back to a story by Chaucer :

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: For example, Messier 109 (or "M109") is a spiral galaxy having the number 109 in the catalog of Messier. It also has the designations NGC 3992, UGC 6937, CGCG 269-023, MCG +09-20-044, and PGC 37617 (or LEDA 37617). Millions of fainter galaxies are known by their identifiers in sky surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, in which M109 is cataloged as SDSS J115735.97+532228.9.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: The realization that "we live in a galaxy that is one among many" parallels major discoveries about the Milky Way and other nebulae.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Greek philosopher Democritus (450–370 BCE) proposed that the bright band on the night sky known as the Milky Way might consist of distant stars.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In 1750, English astronomer Thomas Wright, in his "An Original Theory or New Hypothesis of the Universe", correctly speculated that it might be a rotating body of a huge number of stars held together by gravitational forces, akin to the Solar System but on a much larger scale, and that the resulting disk of stars could be seen as a band on the sky from our perspective inside it. In his 1755 treatise, Immanuel Kant elaborated on Wright's idea about the Milky Way's structure.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In 1734, philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg in his "Principia" speculated that there might be galaxies outside our own that were formed into galactic clusters that were minuscule parts of the universe that extended far beyond what we could see. These views "are remarkably close to the present-day views of the cosmos."

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In 1745, Pierre Louis Maupertuis conjectured that some nebula-like objects were collections of stars with unique properties, including a glow exceeding the light its stars produced on their own, and repeated Johannes Hevelius's view that the bright spots were massive and flattened due to their rotation.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In 1750, Thomas Wright correctly speculated that the Milky Way was a flattened disk of stars, and that some of the nebulae visible in the night sky might be separate Milky Ways.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Toward the end of the 18th century, Charles Messier compiled a catalog containing the 109 brightest celestial objects having nebulous appearance. Subsequently, William Herschel assembled a catalog of 5,000 nebulae. In 1845, Lord Rosse constructed a new telescope and was able to distinguish between elliptical and spiral nebulae. He also managed to make out individual point sources in some of these nebulae, lending credence to Kant's earlier conjecture.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In 1912, Vesto Slipher made spectrographic studies of the brightest spiral nebulae to determine their composition. Slipher discovered that the spiral nebulae have high Doppler shifts, indicating that they are moving at a rate exceeding the velocity of the stars he had measured. He found that the majority of these nebulae are moving away from us.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In 1920 a debate took place between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis (the Great Debate), concerning the nature of the Milky Way, spiral nebulae, and the dimensions of the universe. To support his claim that the Great Andromeda Nebula is an external galaxy, Curtis noted the appearance of dark lanes resembling the dust clouds in the Milky Way, as well as the significant Doppler shift.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In 1944, Hendrik van de Hulst predicted that microwave radiation with wavelength of 21 cm would be detectable from interstellar atomic hydrogen gas; and in 1951 it was observed. This radiation is not affected by dust absorption, and so its Doppler shift can be used to map the motion of the gas in our galaxy. These observations led to the hypothesis of a rotating bar structure in the center of our galaxy. With improved radio telescopes, hydrogen gas could also be traced in other galaxies.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In the 1970s, Vera Rubin uncovered a discrepancy between observed galactic rotation speed and that predicted by the visible mass of stars and gas. Today, the galaxy rotation problem is thought to be explained by the presence of large quantities of unseen dark matter.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: A 2016 study published in "The Astrophysical Journal," led by Christopher Conselice of the University of Nottingham, used 20 years of Hubble images to estimate that the observable universe contained at least two trillion () galaxies. However, later observations with the New Horizons space probe from outside the zodiacal light reduced this to roughly 200 billion ().

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Galaxies come in three main types: ellipticals, spirals, and irregulars. A slightly more extensive description of galaxy types based on their appearance is given by the Hubble sequence. Since the Hubble sequence is entirely based upon visual morphological type (shape), it may miss certain important characteristics of galaxies such as star formation rate in starburst galaxies and activity in the cores of active galaxies.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: The largest galaxies are giant ellipticals. Many elliptical galaxies are believed to form due to the interaction of galaxies, resulting in a collision and merger. They can grow to enormous sizes (compared to spiral galaxies, for example), and giant elliptical galaxies are often found near the core of large galaxy clusters.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Spiral galaxies resemble spiraling pinwheels. Though the stars and other visible material contained in such a galaxy lie mostly on a plane, the majority of mass in spiral galaxies exists in a roughly spherical halo of dark matter which extends beyond the visible component, as demonstrated by the universal rotation curve concept.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is a large disk-shaped barred-spiral galaxy about 30 kiloparsecs in diameter and a kiloparsec thick. It contains about two hundred billion (2×1011) stars and has a total mass of about six hundred billion (6×1011) times the mass of the Sun.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Recently, researchers described galaxies called super-luminous spirals. They are very large with an upward diameter of 437,000 light-years (compared to the Milky Way's 100,000 light-year diameter). With a mass of 340 billion solar masses, they generate a significant amount of ultraviolet and mid-infrared light. They are thought to have an increased star formation rate around 30 times faster than the Milky Way.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Despite the prominence of large elliptical and spiral galaxies, most galaxies are dwarf galaxies. They are relatively small when compared with other galactic formations, being about one hundredth the size of the Milky Way, with only a few billion stars. Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies have recently been discovered that are only 100 parsecs across.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Many dwarf galaxies may orbit a single larger galaxy; the Milky Way has at least a dozen such satellites, with an estimated 300–500 yet to be discovered. Dwarf galaxies may also be classified as elliptical, spiral, or irregular. Since small dwarf ellipticals bear little resemblance to large ellipticals, they are often called dwarf spheroidal galaxies instead.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: A study of 27 Milky Way neighbors found that in all dwarf galaxies, the central mass is approximately 10 million solar masses, regardless of whether it has thousands or millions of stars. This suggests that galaxies are largely formed by dark matter, and that the minimum size may indicate a form of warm dark matter incapable of gravitational coalescence on a smaller scale.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Interactions between galaxies are relatively frequent, and they can play an important role in galactic evolution. Near misses between galaxies result in warping distortions due to tidal interactions, and may cause some exchange of gas and dust.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Collisions occur when two galaxies pass directly through each other and have sufficient relative momentum not to merge. The stars of interacting galaxies usually do not collide, but the gas and dust within the two forms interacts, sometimes triggering star formation. A collision can severely distort the galaxies' shapes, forming bars, rings or tail-like structures.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Starburst galaxies are characterized by dusty concentrations of gas and the appearance of newly formed stars, including massive stars that ionize the surrounding clouds to create H II regions. These stars produce supernova explosions, creating expanding remnants that interact powerfully with the surrounding gas. These outbursts trigger a chain reaction of star-building that spreads throughout the gaseous region. Only when the available gas is nearly consumed or dispersed does the activity end.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Starbursts are often associated with merging or interacting galaxies. The prototype example of such a starburst-forming interaction is M82, which experienced a close encounter with the larger M81. Irregular galaxies often exhibit spaced knots of starburst activity.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: The standard model for an active galactic nucleus is based on an accretion disc that forms around a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the galaxy's core region. The radiation from an active galactic nucleus results from the gravitational energy of matter as it falls toward the black hole from the disc. The AGN's luminosity depends on the SMBH's mass and the rate at which matter falls onto it.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In about 10% of these galaxies, a diametrically opposed pair of energetic jets ejects particles from the galaxy core at velocities close to the speed of light. The mechanism for producing these jets is not well understood.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Blazars are believed to be active galaxies with a relativistic jet pointed in the direction of Earth. A radio galaxy emits radio frequencies from relativistic jets. A unified model of these types of active galaxies explains their differences based on the observer's position.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Possibly related to active galactic nuclei (as well as starburst regions) are low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs). The emission from LINER-type galaxies is dominated by weakly ionized elements. The excitation sources for the weakly ionized lines include post-AGB stars, AGN, and shocks. Approximately one-third of nearby galaxies are classified as containing LINER nuclei.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Quasars (/ˈkweɪzɑr/) or quasi-stellar radio sources, are the most energetic and distant members of active galactic nuclei. Extremely luminous, they were first identified as high redshift sources of electromagnetic energy, including radio waves and visible light, that appeared more similar to stars than to extended sources similar to galaxies. Their luminosity can be 100 times that of the Milky Way.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Galaxies have magnetic fields of their own. They are strong enough to be dynamically important, as they:

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Evidence for the appearance of galaxies very early in the Universe's history was found in 2006, when it was discovered that the galaxy IOK-1 has an unusually high redshift of 6.96, corresponding to just 750 million years after the Big Bang and making it the most distant and earliest-to-form galaxy seen at that time.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: In June 2015, astronomers reported evidence for Population III stars in the Cosmos Redshift 7 galaxy at . Such stars are likely to have existed in the very early universe (i.e., at high redshift), and may have started the production of chemical elements heavier than hydrogen that are needed for the later formation of planets and life as we know it.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Within a billion years of a galaxy's formation, key structures begin to appear. Globular clusters, the central supermassive black hole, and a galactic bulge of metal-poor Population II stars form. The creation of a supermassive black hole appears to play a key role in actively regulating the growth of galaxies by limiting the total amount of additional matter added. During this early epoch, galaxies undergo a major burst of star formation.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: During the following two billion years, the accumulated matter settles into a galactic disc. A galaxy will continue to absorb infalling material from high-velocity clouds and dwarf galaxies throughout its life. This matter is mostly hydrogen and helium. The cycle of stellar birth and death slowly increases the abundance of heavy elements, eventually allowing the formation of planets.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: The Milky Way galaxy and the nearby Andromeda Galaxy are moving toward each other at about 130 km/s, and—depending upon the lateral movements—the two might collide in about five to six billion years. Although the Milky Way has never collided with a galaxy as large as Andromeda before, evidence of past collisions of the Milky Way with smaller dwarf galaxies is increasing.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Such large-scale interactions are rare. As time passes, mergers of two systems of equal size become less common. Most bright galaxies have remained fundamentally unchanged for the last few billion years, and the net rate of star formation probably also peaked about ten billion years ago.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, produce new generations of stars as long as they have dense molecular clouds of interstellar hydrogen in their spiral arms. Elliptical galaxies are largely devoid of this gas, and so form few new stars. The supply of star-forming material is finite; once stars have converted the available supply of hydrogen into heavier elements, new star formation will come to an end.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Clusters of galaxies consist of hundreds to thousands of galaxies bound together by gravity. Clusters of galaxies are often dominated by a single giant elliptical galaxy, known as the brightest cluster galaxy, which, over time, tidally destroys its satellite galaxies and adds their mass to its own.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: The peak radiation of most stars lies in the visible spectrum, so the observation of the stars that form galaxies has been a major component of optical astronomy. It is also a favorable portion of the spectrum for observing ionized H II regions, and for examining the distribution of dusty arms.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: The dust present in the interstellar medium is opaque to visual light. It is more transparent to far-infrared, which can be used to observe the interior regions of giant molecular clouds and galactic cores in great detail. Infrared is also used to observe distant, red-shifted galaxies that were formed much earlier. Water vapor and carbon dioxide absorb a number of useful portions of the infrared spectrum, so high-altitude or space-based telescopes are used for infrared astronomy.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Galaxy

Context: Ultraviolet and X-ray telescopes can observe highly energetic galactic phenomena. Ultraviolet flares are sometimes observed when a star in a distant galaxy is torn apart from the tidal forces of a nearby black hole. The distribution of hot gas in galactic clusters can be mapped by X-rays. The existence of supermassive black holes at the cores of galaxies was confirmed through X-ray astronomy.

Question: 은하수가 많은 별들로 이루어져 있다는 사실은 누가 발견했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: At the age of roughly 10, Hus was sent away to a monastery. The exact reason is not known; some claim that his father had died, others say he went there due to his devotion to God. He impressed the teachers with his studies, and they recommended him to move to Prague, one of the largest cities in Bohemia at that time. Hus apparently supported himself by securing employment in Prague, which allowed him to fulfill his basic necessities, and access to the Prague Library.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: Hus denounced the moral failings of clergy, bishops, and even the papacy from his pulpit. Archbishop Zbyněk Zajíc tolerated this, and even appointed Hus a preacher at the clergy's biennial synod. On 24 June 1405, Pope Innocent VII directed the Archbishop to counter Wycliffe's teachings, especially the doctrine of impanation in the Eucharist. The archbishop complied by issuing a synod decree against Wycliffe, as well as forbidding any further attacks on the clergy.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: In 1409, the Council of Pisa tried to end the schism by electing Alexander V as Pope, but Gregory and Benedict did not submit. (Alexander was declared an "antipope" by the Council of Constance in 1418.) Hus, his followers, and Wenceslaus IV transferred their allegiance to Alexander V. Under pressure from

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: King Wenceslaus IV, Archbishop Zajíc did the same. Zajíc then lodged an accusation of "ecclesiastical disturbances" against Wycliffites in Prague with Alexander V.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: On 20 December 1409, Alexander V issued a papal bull that empowered the Archbishop to proceed against Wycliffism in Prague. All copies of Wycliffe's writings were to be surrendered and his doctrines repudiated, and free preaching discontinued. After the publication of the bull in 1410, Hus appealed to Alexander V, but in vain. The Wycliffe books and valuable manuscripts were burned, and Hus and his adherents were excommunicated by Alexander V.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: Alexander V died in 1410, and was succeeded by John XXIII (also later declared an antipope). In 1411, John XXIII proclaimed a crusade against King Ladislaus of Naples, the protector of rival Pope Gregory XII. This crusade was preached in Prague as well. John XXIII also authorized indulgences to raise money for the war. Priests urged the people on and these crowded into churches to give their offerings. This traffic in indulgences was a sign of the corruption of the Church needing remediation.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: After Hus left Prague for the country, he realized what a gulf there was between university education and theological speculation and the life of uneducated country priests and the laymen entrusted to their care. Therefore he started to write many texts in Czech, such as basics of the Christian faith or preachings, intended mainly for the priests whose knowledge of Latin was poor.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: After the most vehement opponents of Hus had left Prague, his adherents occupied the whole ground. Hus wrote his treatises and preached in the neighborhood of Kozí Hrádek. Bohemian Wycliffism was carried into Poland, Hungary, Croatia, and Austria. But in January 1413, a general council in Rome condemned the writings of Wycliffe and ordered them to be burned.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: He asked to be exempted from recanting doctrines which he had never taught. Other doctrines, which the assembly considered erroneous, he was not willing to revoke and to act differently would be against his conscience. These words found no favorable reception. After the trial on 8 June, several other attempts were purportedly made to induce him to recant, which he resisted.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: The condemnation of Jan Hus took place on 6 July 1415 in the presence of the assembly of the council in the cathedral. After the High Mass and Liturgy, Hus was led into the church. The Bishop of Lodi (then Giacomo Balardi Arrigoni) delivered an oration on the duty of eradicating heresy; various theses of Hus and Wycliffe and a report of his trial were then read.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: At the place of execution, he knelt down, spread out his hands and prayed aloud. The executioner undressed Hus and tied his hands behind his back with ropes. His neck was bound with a chain to a stake around which wood and straw had been piled up so that it covered him to the neck. At the last moment, the imperial marshal, von Pappenheim, in the presence of the Count Palatine, asked Hus to recant and thus save his own life. Hus declined, stating:

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: Anecdotally, it has been claimed that the executioners had trouble intensifying the fire. An old woman then came to the stake and threw a relatively small amount of brushwood on it. Upon seeing her act, a suffering Hus then exclaimed, "O Sancta Simplicitas!". It is said that when he was about to expire, he cried out, "Christ, son of the Living God, have mercy on us!" (a variant of the Jesus Prayer). Hus's ashes were later thrown into the Rhine river as a means of preventing the veneration of his remains.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: Responding with horror to the execution of Hus, the people of Bohemia moved even more rapidly away from Papal teachings. Rome then pronounced a crusade against them (1 March 1420): Pope Martin V issued a Papal bull authorizing the execution of all supporters of Hus and Wycliffe. King Wenceslaus IV died in August 1419 and his brother, Sigismund of Hungary, was unable to establish a real government in Bohemia due to the Hussite revolt.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: Nearly six centuries later in 1999, Pope John Paul II expressed "deep regret for the cruel death inflicted" on Hus and added "deep sorrow" for Hus's death and praised his "moral courage". Cardinal Miloslav Vlk of the Czech Republic was instrumental in crafting John Paul II's statement.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: Hus was also, unlike the vast majority of preachers at the time, an advocate for women and feminism. He believed women were given rights in the Bible. Hus stated that "Women were made in the image of God and should fear no man." He allowed women to preach and serve in battle, and they later fought in the Hussite wars.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: Jan Hus was a key contributor to Protestantism, whose teachings had a strong influence on the states of Europe and on Martin Luther. The Hussite Wars resulted in the Basel Compacts which allowed for a reformed Church in the Kingdom of Bohemia—almost a century before such developments would take place in the Lutheran Reformation. The Unitas Fratrum (or Moravian Church) is the modern day home of Hus's followers. Hus's extensive writings earned him a prominent place in Czech literary history.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: In 1883 the Czech composer Antonin Dvorak composed his Hussite Overture based on melodies used by Hussite soldiers. It was often performed by the German conductor Hans von Bülow.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: Professor Thomas Garrigue Masaryk used Hus's name in his speech at Geneva University on 6 July 1915, for defense against Austria and in July 1917 for the title of the first corps of troops of his legions in Russia.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: Today, the Jan Hus Memorial is located at the Prague Old Town Square (), and there are many smaller memorials in other towns throughout the Czech Republic.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: In New York City, a church in Brooklyn (located at 153 Ocean Avenue), and a church and a theatre in Manhattan (located at 351 East 74th Street) are named for Hus: respectively the John Hus Moravian Church and the Jan Hus Playhouse. Although the Manhattan's church and theatre share a single building and management, the Playhouse's productions are usually non-religious or non-denominational.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Jan Hus

Context: A statue of Jan Hus was erected at the Union Cemetery in Bohemia, New York (on Long Island) by Czech immigrants to the New York area in 1893.

Question: 얀 후스는 어디 대학교에서 공부했나요?


Novel

Context: A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, typically written in prose and published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the for "new", "news", or "short story of something new", itself from the , a singular noun use of the neuter plural of "novellus", diminutive of "novus", meaning "new". Some novelists, including Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Ann Radcliffe, John Cowper Powys, preferred the term "romance" to describe their novels.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Works of fiction that include marvellous or uncommon incidents are also novels, including "The Lord of the Rings", "To Kill a Mockingbird", and "Frankenstein". "Romances" are works of fiction whose main emphasis is on marvellous or unusual incidents, and should not be confused with the romance novel, a type of genre fiction that focuses on romantic love.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Recent technological developments have led to many novels also being published in non-print media: this includes audio books, web novels, and ebooks. Another non-traditional fiction format can be found in some graphic novels. While these comic book versions of works of fiction have their origins in the 19th century, they have only become popular more recently.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: A novel is a long, fictional narrative which describes intimate human experiences. The novel in the modern era usually makes use of a literary prose style. The development of the prose novel at this time was encouraged by innovations in printing, and the introduction of cheap paper in the 15th century.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The novel is today the longest genre of narrative prose fiction, followed by the novella. However, in the 17th century, critics saw the romance as of epic length and the novel as its short rival. A precise definition of the differences in length between these types of fiction, is, however, not possible. The philosopher and literary critic György Lukács argued that the requirement of length is connected with the notion that a novel should encompass the totality of life.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Urbanization and the spread of printed books in Song Dynasty (960–1279) China led to the evolution of oral storytelling into fictional novels by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Parallel European developments did not occur until after the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1439, and the rise of the publishing industry over a century later allowed for similar opportunities. The modern European novel is often said to have begun with "Don Quixote" in 1605.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Originally, romance literature was written in Old French, Anglo-Norman and Occitan, later, in English, Italian and German. During the early 13th century, romances were increasingly written as prose.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The shift from verse to prose dates from the early 13th century. The "Prose Lancelot" or "Vulgate Cycle" includes passages from that period. This collection indirectly led to Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur" of the early 1470s. Prose became increasingly attractive because it enabled writers to associate popular stories with serious histories traditionally composed in prose, and could also be more easily translated.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Popular literature also drew on themes of romance, but with ironic, satiric or burlesque intent. Romances reworked legends, fairy tales, and history, but by about 1600 they were out of fashion, and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in "Don Quixote" (1605). Still, the modern image of the medieval is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre, and the word "medieval" evokes knights, distressed damsels, dragons, and such tropes.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The term "chapbook" is also in use for present-day publications, commonly short, inexpensive booklets.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Heroic Romance is a genre of imaginative literature, which flourished in the 17th century, principally in France.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: A second tradition of satirical romances can be traced back to Heinrich Wittenwiler's "Ring" (c. 1410) and to François Rabelais' "Gargantua and Pantagruel" (1532–1564), which parodied and satirized heroic romances, and did this mostly by dragging them into the low realm of the burlesque. "Don Quixote" modified the satire of romances: its hero lost contact with reality by reading too many romances in the Amadisian tradition.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Other important works of the tradition are Paul Scarron's "Roman Comique" (1651–57), the anonymous French "Rozelli" with its satire on Europe's religions, Alain-René Lesage's "Gil Blas" (1715–1735), Henry Fielding's "Joseph Andrews" (1742) and "Tom Jones" (1749), and Denis Diderot's "Jacques the Fatalist" (1773, printed posthumously in 1796).

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: A market of literature in the modern sense of the word, that is a separate market for fiction and poetry, did not exist until the late seventeenth century. All books were sold under the rubric of "History and politicks" in the early 18th century, including pamphlets, memoirs, travel literature, political analysis, serious histories, romances, poetry, and novels.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: That fictional histories shared the same space with academic histories and modern journalism had been criticized by historians since the end of the Middle Ages: fictions were "lies" and therefore hardly justifiable at all. The climate, however, changed in the 1670s.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The rise of the modern novel as an alternative to the chivalric romance began with the publication of Miguel de Cervantes' "Novelas Exemplares" (1613). It continued with Scarron's "Roman Comique" (the first part of which appeared in 1651), whose heroes noted the rivalry between French romances and the new Spanish genre.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Late 17th-century critics looked back on the history of prose fiction, proud of the generic shift that had taken place, leading towards the modern novel/novella. The first perfect works in French were those of Scarron and Madame de La Fayette's "Spanish history" "Zayde" (1670). The development finally led to her "Princesse de Clèves" (1678), the first novel with what would become characteristic French subject matter.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The idea of the "rise of the novel" in the 18th century is especially associated with Ian Watt's influential study "The Rise of the Novel" (1957). In Watt's conception, a rise in fictional realism during the 18th century came to distinguish the novel from earlier prose narratives.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The rising status of the novel in eighteenth century can be seen in the development of philosophical and experimental novels.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Philosophical fiction was not exactly new. Plato's dialogues were embedded in fictional narratives and his "Republic" is an early example of a Utopia. Ibn Tufail's 12th century "Philosophus Autodidacticus" with its story of a human outcast surviving on an island, and the 13th century response by Ibn al-Nafis, "Theologus Autodidactus" are both didactic narrative works that can be though of as early examples of a philosophical and a theological novel, respectively.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The rise of the word novel at the cost of its rival, the romance, remained a Spanish and English phenomenon, and though readers all over Western Europe had welcomed the novel(la) or short history as an alternative in the second half of the 17th century, only the English and the Spanish had, however, openly discredited the romance.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The late 18th century brought an answer with the Romantic Movement's readiness to reclaim the word romance, with the gothic romance, and the historical novels of Walter Scott. "Robinson Crusoe" now became a "novel" in this period, that is a work of the new realistic fiction created in the 18th century.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Sentimental novels relied on emotional responses, and feature scenes of distress and tenderness, and the plot is arranged to advance emotions rather than action. The result is a valorization of "fine feeling", displaying the characters as models of refined, sensitive emotional affect. The ability to display such feelings was thought at this time to show character and experience, and to help shape positive social life and relationships.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: An example of this genre is Samuel Richardson's "Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded" (1740), composed "to cultivate the Principles of Virtue and Religion in the Minds of the Youth of Both Sexes", which focuses on a potential victim, a heroine that has all the modern virtues and who is vulnerable because her low social status and her occupation as servant of a libertine who falls in love with her. She, however, ends in reforming her antagonist.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Male heroes adopted the new sentimental character traits in the 1760s. Laurence Sterne's Yorick, the hero of the "Sentimental Journey" (1768) did so with an enormous amount of humour. Oliver Goldsmith's "Vicar of Wakefield" (1766) and Henry Mackenzie's "Man of Feeling" (1771) produced the far more serious role models.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: These works inspired a sub- and counterculture of pornographic novels, for which Greek and Latin authors in translations had provided elegant models from the last century. Pornography includes John Cleland's "Fanny Hill" (1748), which offered an almost exact reversal of the plot of novels that emphasised virtue. The prostitute Fanny Hill learns to enjoy her work and establishes herself as a free and economically independent individual, in editions one could only expect to buy under the counter.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Less virtuous protagonists can also be found in satirical novels, like Richard Head's "English Rogue" (1665), that feature brothels, while women authors like Aphra Behn had offered their heroines alternative careers as precursors of the 19th-century femmes fatales.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The genre evolves in the 1770s with, for example, Werther in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "The Sorrows of Young Werther" (1774) realising that it is impossible for him to integrate into the new conformist society, and Pierre Choderlos de Laclos in "Les Liaisons dangereuses" (1782) showing a group of aristocrats playing games of intrigue and amorality..

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The situation changed again from 1660s into the 1690s when works by French authors were published in Holland out of the reach of French censors. Dutch publishing houses pirated fashionable books from France and created a new market of political and scandalous fiction. This led to a market of European rather than French fashions in the early 18th century.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: An important development in Britain, at the beginning of the century, was that new journals like "The Spectator" and "The Tatler" reviewed novels. In Germany Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's "Briefe, die neuste Literatur betreffend" (1758) appeared in the middle of the century with reviews of art and fiction. By the 1780s such reviews played had an important role in introducing new works of fiction to the public.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The very word romanticism is connected to the idea of romance, and the romance genre experienced a revival, at the end of the 18th century, with gothic fiction, that began in 1764 with Horace Walpole's "The Castle of Otranto", subtitled (in its second edition) "A Gothic Story". Subsequent important gothic works are Ann Radcliffe's "The Mysteries of Udolpho" (1794) and 'Monk' Lewis's "The Monk" (1795).

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The new romances challenged the idea that the novel involved a realistic depiction of life, and destabilized the difference the critics had been trying to establish, between serious classical art and popular fiction. Gothic romances exploited the grotesque, and some critics thought that their subject matter deserved less credit than the worst medieval tales of Arthurian knighthood.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The romances of de Sade, "Les 120 Journées de Sodome" (1785), Poe's "Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque" (1840), Mary Shelley, "Frankenstein" (1818), and E.T.A. Hoffmann, "Die Elixiere des Teufels" (1815), would later attract 20th-century psychoanalysts and supply the images for 20th- and 21st-century horror films, love romances, fantasy novels, role-playing computer games, and the surrealists.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: A number of European novelists were similarly influenced during this period by the earlier romance tradition, along with the Romanticism, including Victor Hugo, with novels like "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" (1831) and "Les Misérables" (1862), and Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov with "A Hero of Our Time" (1840).

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: As the novel became a platform of modern debate, national literatures were developed that link the present with the past in the form of the historical novel. Alessandro Manzoni's "I Promessi Sposi" (1827) did this for Italy, while novelists in Russia and the surrounding Slavonic countries, as well as Scandinavia, did likewise.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Later works like Samuel Beckett's trilogy "Molloy" (1951), "Malone Dies" (1951) and "The Unnamable" (1953), as well as Julio Cortázar's "Rayuela" (1963) and Thomas Pynchon's "Gravity's Rainbow" (1973) all make use of the stream-of-consciousness technique. On the other hand, Robert Coover is an example of those authors who, in the 1960s, fragmented their stories and challenged time and sequentiality as fundamental structural concepts.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: While the reader of so-called serious literature will follow public discussions of novels, popular fiction production employs more direct and short-term marketing strategies by openly declaring a work's genre. Popular novels are based entirely on the expectations for the particular genre, and this includes the creation of a series of novels with an identifiable brand name. e.g. the Sherlock Holmes series by Arthur Conan Doyle.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Popular literature holds a larger market share. Romance fiction had an estimated $1.375 billion share in the US book market in 2007. Inspirational literature/religious literature followed with $819 million, science fiction/fantasy with $700 million, mystery with $650 million and then classic literary fiction with $466 million.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Crime became a major subject of 20th and 21st century genre novelists and crime fiction reflects the realities of modern industrialized societies. Crime is both a personal and public subject: criminals each have their personal motivations; detectives, see their moral codes challenged. Patricia Highsmith's thrillers became a medium of new psychological explorations. Paul Auster's "New York Trilogy" (1985–1986) is an example of experimental postmodernist literature based on this genre.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Fantasy is another major area of commercial fiction, and a major example is J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" (1954/55), a work originally written for young readers that became a major cultural artefact. Tolkien in fact revived the tradition of European epic literature in the tradition of Beowulf, the North Germanic Edda and the Arthurian Cycles.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: A major development in this century has been novels published as ebooks, and the growth of web fiction, which is available primarily or solely on the Internet. A common type is the web serial: unlike most modern novels, web fiction novels are frequently published in parts over time. Ebooks are often published with a paper version. Audio books (a recording of a book reading) have also become common this century.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: Audiobooks have been available since the 1930s in schools and public libraries, and to a lesser extent in music shops. Since the 1980s this medium has become more widely available, including more recently online.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: The development of ebooks and web novels has led to a rapid expansion of self-published works in recent years. Authors who self-publish can make more money than through a traditional publisher.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Novel

Context: However, despite the challenges from digital media print remains "the most popular book format among U.S. consumers, with more than 60 percent of adults having read a print book in the last twelve months".

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 소설은무엇인가?


Hwang Jini (TV series)

Context: Hwang Jini () is a Korean drama broadcast on KBS2 in 2006. The series was based on the tumultuous life of Hwang Jini, who lived in 16th-century Joseon and became the most famous gisaeng in Korean history. Lead actress Ha Ji-won won the Grand Prize (Daesang) at the 2006 KBS Drama Awards for her performance.

Question: 기생은 한국에서 사회계급상 어디에 속하나요?


Hwang Jini (TV series)

Context: The series was popular in the ratings, giving rise to a boom in gisaeng-themed entertainment—musicals, TV dramas, films, even cartoons.

Question: 기생은 한국에서 사회계급상 어디에 속하나요?


Hwang Jini (TV series)

Context: Jini then falls in love with Kim Eun-ho, son of a powerful nobleman, but his parents refuse to accept the relationship due to the difference in their social status. Jini's first love ends in tragedy when in a futile attempt to elope with her, Eun-ho catches pneumonia and dies.

Question: 기생은 한국에서 사회계급상 어디에 속하나요?


Hwang Jini (TV series)

Context: The shooting schedule for "Hwang Jini" was particularly arduous for a television series, sometimes going on for seven days without a break. In addition to such popular younger actors as Ha Ji-won, Wang Bit-na, Kim Jaewon and Jang Keun-suk, the series featured many noted veteran Korean actors, including Kim Young-ae and Kim Bo-yeon. The costumes (designed by Kim Hye-sun), dances and music in the series were noted for their flamboyance and sensuality.

Question: 기생은 한국에서 사회계급상 어디에 속하나요?


Hwang Jini (TV series)

Context: Monthly screenings of selected episodes were held at the Korea Society in New York City from November 2008 to February 2009.

Question: 기생은 한국에서 사회계급상 어디에 속하나요?


Hwang Jini (TV series)

Context: The series was also widely available via several major viewing services in the U.S. as of November 2015.

Question: 기생은 한국에서 사회계급상 어디에 속하나요?


Repeating decimal

Context: Any number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers is said to be irrational. Their decimal representation neither terminates nor infinitely repeats but extends forever without repetition (see § #Every rational number is either a terminating or repeating decimal). Examples of such irrational numbers are and .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: There are several notational conventions for representing repeating decimals. None of them are accepted universally.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: In English, there are various ways to read repeating decimals aloud. For example, 1.2 may be read "one point two repeating three four", "one point two repeated three four", "one point two recurring three four", "one point two repetend three four" or "one point two into infinity three four".

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: In order to convert a rational number represented as a fraction into decimal form, one may use long division. For example, consider the rational number :

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: etc. Observe that at each step we have a remainder; the successive remainders displayed above are 56, 42, 50. When we arrive at 50 as the remainder, and bring down the "0", we find ourselves dividing 500 by 74, which is the same problem we began with. Therefore, the decimal repeats: ...

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: For any given divisor, only finitely many different remainders can occur. In the example above, the 74 possible remainders are 0, 1, 2, ..., 73. If at any point in the division the remainder is 0, the expansion terminates at that point. Then the length of the repetend, also called "period", is defined to be 0.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: If 0 never occurs as a remainder, then the division process continues forever, and eventually, a remainder must occur that has occurred before. The next step in the division will yield the same new digit in the quotient, and the same new remainder, as the previous time the remainder was the same. Therefore, the following division will repeat the same results. The repeating sequence of digits is called "repetend" which has a certain length greater than 0, also called "period".

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: Each repeating decimal number satisfies a linear equation with integer coefficients, and its unique solution is a rational number. To illustrate the latter point, the number above satisfies the equation , whose solution is . The process of how to find these integer coefficients is described below.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 6, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 6, 6, 1, 0, 16, 1, 18, 0, 6, 2, 22, 1, 0, 6, 3, 6, 28, 1, 15, 0, 2, 16, 6, 1, 3, 18, 6, 0, 5, 6, 21, 2, 1, 22, 46, 1, 42, 0, 16, 6, 13, 3, 2, 6, 18, 28, 58, 1, 60, 15, 6, 0, 6, 2, 33, 16, 22, 6, 35, 1, 8, 3, 1, ... .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: For comparison, the lengths "ℓ"2("n") of the binary repetends of the fractions , "n" = 1, 2, 3, ..., are:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: 0, 0, 2, 0, 4, 2, 3, 0, 6, 4, 10, 2, 12, 3, 4, 0, 8, 6, 18, 4, 6, 10, 11, 2, 20, 12, 18, 3, 28, 4, 5, 0, 10, 8, 12, 6, 36, 18, 12, 4, 20, 6, 14, 10, 12, 11, ... (=["n"], if "n" not a power of 2 else =0).

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 6, 142857, 0, 1, 0, 09, 3, 076923, 714285, 6, 0, 0588235294117647, 5, 052631578947368421, 0, 047619, 45, 0434782608695652173913, 6, 0, 384615, 037, 571428, 0344827586206896551724137931, 3, ... .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: 0, 1, 0, 6, 2, 6, 16, 18, 22, 28, 15, 3, 5, 21, 46, 13, 58, 60, 33, 35, 8, 13, 41, 44, 96, 4, 34, 53, 108, 112, 42, 130, 8, 46, 148, 75, 78, 81, 166, 43, 178, 180, 95, 192, 98, 99, 30, 222, 113, 228, 232, 7, 30, 50, 256, 262, 268, 5, 69, 28, ... .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: 3, 11, 37, 101, 41, 7, 239, 73, 333667, 9091, 21649, 9901, 53, 909091, 31, 17, 2071723, 19, 1111111111111111111, 3541, 43, 23, 11111111111111111111111, 99990001, 21401, 859, 757, 29, 3191, 211, ... .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: 7, 3, 103, 53, 11, 79, 211, 41, 73, 281, 353, 37, 2393, 449, 3061, 1889, 137, 2467, 16189, 641, 3109, 4973, 11087, 1321, 101, 7151, 7669, 757, 38629, 1231, ... .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: A fraction in lowest terms with a prime denominator other than 2 or 5 (i.e. coprime to 10) always produces a repeating decimal. The length of the repetend (period of the repeating decimal segment) of is equal to the order of 10 modulo "p". If 10 is a primitive root modulo "p", the repetend length is equal to "p" − 1; if not, the repetend length is a factor of "p" − 1. This result can be deduced from Fermat's little theorem, which states that .

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: If the repetend length of for prime "p" is equal to "p" − 1 then the repetend, expressed as an integer, is called a cyclic number.

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?


Repeating decimal

Context: Every "proper" multiple of a cyclic number (that is, a multiple having the same number of digits) is a rotation:

Question: 분수로 표현이 불가능한 비율이 있는가?