Economy of China

Context: The output of China's services in 2015 ranks second worldwide after the United States. High power and telecom density has ensured that the country has remained on a high-growth trajectory over the long term. In 2015 the services sector produced 52.9% of China's annual GDP, second only to manufacturing. However, its proportion of GDP is still low compared to the ratio in more developed countries, and the agricultural sector still employs a larger workforce.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: China possesses a diversified communications system that links all parts of the country by Internet, telephone, telegraph, radio, and television.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: It is forecast by the World Tourism Organization that China's tourism industry will take up to 8.6% of world market share to become the world's top tourism industry by 2020.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Chinese business travel spending is also forecast to be the highest in the world by 2014, overtaking the United States. According to a Global Business Travel Association study, total business-travel spending is expected to reach US$195billion in 2012.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Luxury spending in China has skyrocketed, an indicator of the country's newfound wealth. For example, the Chinese bottled water industry is forecast to more than double in size in 2008, becoming a $10.5billion industry. Counterfeiting is now estimated to account for 8% of China’s gross

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: After an October 2012 ban on government agencies purchasing luxury goods, often used as "gifts", sales of luxury goods in China remained strong but slowed, even falling slightly for some luxury retailers in the 4th quarter of 2012, with sales of shark fins and edible swallow nests (once staples of lavish government banquets) down sharply.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Retail sales in China account for only 7% of global retail sales; however, Chinese buyers account for 25% of global retail sales of luxury consumer goods. Many shops in international travel destinations have specialized staff devoted to Chinese customers.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: One of the hallmarks of China's socialist economy was its promise of employment to all able and willing to work and job-security with virtually lifelong tenure. This socialist policy is known as the iron rice bowl.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: In 1979–1980, the state reformed factories by giving wage increases to workers, which was immediately offset by sharply rising inflation rates of 6–7%. The reforms also dismantled the iron rice bowl, which meant it witnessed a rise in unemployment in the economy. In 1979–80 there were twenty million unemployed people.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: In 2010, the issues of manufacturing wages caused a wildcat strike at a Honda parts plant. This resulted in wage increases both at the struck plant and other industrial plants.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: The 2010 census found that China was now half urban and rapidly aging due to the one child policy. This is expected to lead to increased demand for labor to take care of an elderly population and a reduced supply of migrant labor from the countryside.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: A law approved February 2013 will mandate a nationwide minimum wage at 40% average urban salaries to be phased in fully by 2015.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Since economic reforms began in the late 1970s, China sought to decentralize its foreign trade system to integrate itself into the international trading system. In November 1991, China joined the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) group, which promotes free trade and cooperation in the economic, trade, investment, and technology spheres. China served as APEC chair in 2001, and Shanghai hosted the annual APEC leaders meeting in October of that year.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: China's global trade exceeded $4.16trillion at the end of 2013, having broken the hundred-billion mark in 1988 and half a trillion by 2001. China global trade exceeded US$6 Trillion in 2021

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: The table below shows the average annual growth (in nominal USdollar terms) of China's foreign trade during the reform era.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Chinese imports from Russia are mainly those of energy sources, such as crude oil, which is mostly transported by rail, and electricity exports from neighboring Siberian and Far Eastern regions. In the near future, exports of both of these commodities are set to increase, as Russia is building the Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean oil pipeline with a branch going to the Chinese border, and Russian power grid monopoly UES is building some of its hydropower stations with a view of future exports to China.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Export growth has continued to be a major component supporting China's rapid economic growth. To increase exports, China pursued policies such as fostering the rapid development of foreign-invested factories, which assembled imported components into consumer goods for export and liberalizing trading rights. In its 11th Five-Year Program, adopted in 2005, China placed greater emphasis on developing a consumer demand-driven economy to sustain economic growth and address imbalances.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Another major development in the history of foreign investment in China was the establishment of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone in September 2013. The Zone is considered a testing ground for a number of economic and social reforms. Critically, foreign investment is controlled via a "negative list" approach, where FDI is permitted in all sectors unless explicitly prohibited by the inclusion of a given sector on the negative list published by the Shanghai Municipal Government.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: On 15 March 2019, China's National People's Congress adopted the Foreign Investment Law, which comes into effect on 1January 2020. Foreign investment in China comes with a number of ethical risks which pose major challenges which investors must navigate.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: A 2021 McKinsey report estimated that the Chinese economy as currently the largest consumer economy measured in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms, and that it is expected to add more consumption than any other country within the next decade. Due to this and the rapid continued growth of China's middle class, large multinational companies like Walmart, have been keen to invest in China to tap into the growing domestic consumer market.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Outward foreign direct investment is a new feature of Chinese globalization, where local Chinese firms seek to make investments in both developing and developed countries. It was reported in 2011 that there was increasing investment by capital rich Chinese firms in promising firms in the United States. Such investments offer access to expertise in marketing and distribution potentially useful in exploiting the developing Chinese domestic market.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Since 2005, Chinese companies have been actively expanding outside of China, in both developed and developing countries. In 2013, Chinese companies invested US$90billion globally in non-financial sectors, 16% more than 2012.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Between January 2009 and December 2013, China contributed a total of $161.03bn in outward FDI, creating almost 300,000 jobs. Western Europe was the largest regional recipient of Chinese outward FDI, with Germany receiving the highest number of FDI projects for any country globally.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: There are two ways Chinese companies choose to enter a foreign market: organic growth and Merge & Acquisition (M&A). Many Chinese companies would prefer M&A for the following reasons:

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: At the beginning, state-owned enterprises dominate the foreign acquisition and most of the money goes to oil and minerals. Since 2005, more and more private companies start to acquire non-raw material foreign companies. Below is a list of the top 15 outbound deals from Chinese companies:

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: However, the fast growth and M&A deals did not change consumers' low quality and low price perception of Chinese goods and brands. According to market consecutive researches by the Monogram Group, a Chicago-based advertising agency, in 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2012, American consumers' willingness to purchase Chinese products across all categories except PC remained the same or became worse during 2007–2012. The only sector in which Americans were more likely to purchase was personal computers.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Moreover, many M&A deals have failed because companies underestimated the challenges and failed to restructure the company.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Case 2: In 2004, the television manufacturer TCL acquired TV business including Thomson and RCA brand from Thomson Electronics of France to form a joint venture called TCL–Thomson Electronics (TTE). For the coming two years, the company recorded huge loss, especially in Europe. Several factors contributed to the failure:

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: From 1993 to 2010, Chinese companies have been involved as either an acquiror or acquired company in 25,284 mergers and acquisitions with a total known value of US$969billion. The number and value of deals hit a new record in 2010. The number of deals that happened in 2010 has been 3,640, which is an increase of 17% compared to 2009. The value of deals in 2010 was US$196billion, which is an increase of 25% compared to the year before.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: From 100 million to 150 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: According to a Forbes China Rich List (2007), China had 66 billionaires, the second largest number after the United States, which had 415. In the 2006 Forbes Rich List it stated that there were 15 Chinese billionaires. In the 2007 Hurun Report, it lists 106 billionaires in China. According to the latest Forbes report (2021), China has a total of 626 billionaires, after gaining 239 new billionaires since March 2020.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: According to a 2020 Brookings report, China become the largest middle-class consumption market in the world and is deemed a "priority market" for major multinational firm. It also estimates that 1.2 billion Chinese will be part of the middle class by 2027, and makeup a quarter of the world's middle class.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: On 29 October 2015, Xinhua, China's state news agency, reported a change in the existing law to a two-child policy, citing a statement from the CCP, and the new law is effective from 1January 2016 after it was passed in the standing committee of the National People's Congress on 27 December 2015.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: China's transportation policy, influenced by political, military, and economic concerns, have undergone major changes since 1949.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: Before the reform era began in the late 1970s, China's transportation links were mostly concentrated in the coastal areas and access to the inner regions was generally poor. This situation has been improved considerably since then, as railways and highways have been built in the remote and frontier regions of the northwest and southwest. At the same time, the development of international transportation was also pursued, and the scope of ocean shipping was broadened considerably.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: The Chinese economy has been characterized as being dominated by few, larger entities including Ant Group and Tencent. In recent years there has been attempts by the Xi Jinping Administration to enforce economic competition rules, and probes into Alibaba and Tencent have been launched by Chinese economic regulators.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Economy of China

Context: The crackdown on monopolies by tech giants and internet companies follows with recent calls by the Politburo against monopolistic practices by commercial retail giants like Alibaba. Comparisons have been made with similar probes into Amazon in the United States.

Question: 2010 నాటికీ వ్యవసాయ రంగంలో చైనా దేశం ఎన్నో స్థానంలో ఉంది?


Rami Malek

Context: Malek is part of an all-star ensemble cast in David O. Russell's "Amsterdam;" the film was produced in early 2021 and will be released November 2022. In December 2021, Malek was announced as having joined the ensemble cast of Christopher Nolan's "Oppenheimer".

Question: రోబో చిత్ర కథానాయకుడు ఎవరు?


Rami Malek

Context: He has also garnered attention for his fashion sense, particularly for his bold color choices and "quirky touches".

Question: రోబో చిత్ర కథానాయకుడు ఎవరు?


Rami Malek

Context: Over time, Malek's prominence in the industry has grown. In 2015, "The Hollywood Reporter" included him on Next Gen 2015, its annual list of stars who are 35 and under and "on the rise." "Time" magazine named Malek one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2019 under the category of Artists.

Question: రోబో చిత్ర కథానాయకుడు ఎవరు?


Rami Malek

Context: In 2009, Malek moved into a house in the Laurel Canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles, alongside his brother. He purchased a neighboring house in 2021. In an interview, during the 2019 BAFTA Awards, he said he was searching for a house in London after "falling in love" with the city. Malek has been in a relationship with his "Bohemian Rhapsody" co-star, Lucy Boynton, since 2018.

Question: రోబో చిత్ర కథానాయకుడు ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: Despite the progress made by Indian feminist movements, women living in modern India still face many issues of discrimination. India's patriarchal culture has made the process of gaining land-ownership rights and access to education challenging. In the past two decades, there has also emerged a trend of sex-selective abortion. To Indian feminists, these are seen as injustices worth struggling against and feminism is often misunderstood by Indians as female domination rather than equality.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: As in the West, there has been some criticism of feminist movements in India. They have especially been criticised for focusing too much on privileged women, and neglecting the needs and representation of poorer or lower caste women. This has led to the creation of caste-specific feminist organisations and movements.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: In India, of communities recognised in the national Constitution as Scheduled Tribes, "some ... [are] matriarchal and matrilineal" "and thus have been known to be more egalitarian." According to interviewer Anuj Kumar, Manipur, "has a matriarchal society", but this may not be a scholarly assessment. Manipur was ruled by strong dynasties and the need for expansions of borders, crushing any outsider threats, etc. engaged the men. So, women had to take charge of home-front.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: The male and female dichotomy of polar opposites with the former oppressing the latter at all times is refuted in the Indian context because it was men who initiated social reform movements against various social evils. Patriarchy is just one of the hierarchies. Relational hierarchies between women within the same family are more adverse. Here women are pitted against one another. Not all women are powerless at all times.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: The efforts of Bengali reformers included abolishing sati, which was a widow's death by burning on her husband's funeral pyre, abolishing the custom of child marriage, abolishing the disfiguring of widows, introducing the marriage of upper caste Hindu widows, promoting women's education, obtaining legal rights for women to own property, and requiring the law to acknowledge women's status by granting them basic rights in matters such as adoption.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: Several Indian states were ruled by women during British colonial advance including Jhansi (Rani Laxmibai), Kittur (Rani Chennama), Bhopal (Quidisa Begum) and Punjab (Jind Kaur).

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: After independence, the All India Women's Conference continued to operate and in 1954 the Indian Communist Party formed its own women's wing known as the National Federation of Indian Women. However, feminist agendas and movements became less active right after India's 1947 independence, as the nationalist agendas on nation building took precedence over feminist issues.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: In 1966 Indira Gandhi became the first woman Prime Minister of India. She served as prime minister of India for three consecutive terms (1966–77) and a fourth term from 1980 until she was assassinated in 1984.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: Section 53A of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Indian law, 1973 lays down certain provisions for medical examination of the accused. Section 164A of the Code of Criminal Procedure deals with the medical examination of the victim.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: Mary Roy won a lawsuit in 1986, against the inheritance legislation of her Keralite Syrian Christian community in the Supreme Court. The judgement ensured equal rights for Syrian Christian women with their male siblings in regard to their ancestral property. Until then, her Syrian Christian community followed the provisions of the Travancore Succession Act of 1916 and the Cochin Succession Act, 1921, while elsewhere in India the same community followed the Indian Succession Act of 1925.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: In 1991, the Kerala High Court restricted entry of women above the age of 10 and below the age of 50 from Sabarimala Shrine as they were of the menstruating age. However, on 28 September 2018, the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban on the entry of women. It said that discrimination against women on any grounds, even religious, is unconstitutional.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: The new law has made it mandatory for all government and privately run hospitals in India to give free first aid and medical treatment to victims of rape. The 2013 law also increased the age of consent from 16 years to 18 years, and any sexual activity with anyone less than age of 18, irrespective of consent, now constitutes statutory rape.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: In May 2013, the Supreme Court of India held that the two-finger test on a rape victim violates her right to privacy, and asked the Delhi government to provide better medical procedures to confirm sexual assault.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a sari amounted to cruelty, which led to the wife being granted a divorce. In 2016 a judgment of the Delhi high court was made public in which it was ruled that the eldest female member of a Hindu Undivided Family can be its "Karta".

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: In 2018 the Supreme Court of India struck down a law making it a crime for a man to have sex with a married woman without the permission of her husband. Prior to November 2018, women were forbidden to climb Agasthyarkoodam. A court ruling removed the prohibition.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: Despite "on-paper" advancements, many problems still remain which inhibit women from fully taking advantage of new rights and opportunities in India.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: India is also a patriarchal society, which, by definition, describes cultures in which males as fathers or husbands are assumed to be in charge and the official heads of households. A patrilineal system governs the society, where descent and inheritance are traced through the male line and men are generally in control of the distribution of family resources.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: In 2018 the Supreme Court of India struck down a law making it a crime for a man to have sex with a married woman without the permission of her husband.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: Another issue that concerns women is the dress code expected of them. Islam requires both men and women to dress modestly; this concept is known as "hijab" and covers a wide interpretation of behavior and garments. There is mixed opinion among feminists over extremes of externally imposed control. Women from other religions are also expected to follow dress codes.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a sari amounts to cruelty inflicted by the husband and can be a ground to seek divorce. The wife was thus granted a divorce on the ground of cruelty as defined under section 27(1)(d) of Special Marriage Act, 1954.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: Hindu mythology reveals that patriarchy, the idea that men are superior to women, was invented. The epic, Mahabharata, for example, refers to a time when there was no concept of marriage. Men and women were free to go to anyone. Feminism, the idea that men and women are equal is, however, discovered in Hinduism as the scriptures point to the difference between the soul and the flesh. The soul has no gender. Gender comes from the flesh.

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


Feminism in India

Context: Feminism did not gain meaning or become an operational principle in Indian life until the country gained independence in 1947 and adopted a democratic government. The Indian Constitution then granted equality, freedom from discrimination based on gender or religion, and guaranteed religious freedoms. Also, seven five-year plans were developed to provide health, education, employment, and welfare to women. The sixth five-year plan even declared women "partners in development".

Question: భారతదేశంలో బాలికల హక్కుల కోసం పోరాడిన మొదటి మహిళ ఎవరు?


DuckTales

Context: In February 2015, Disney XD announced the revival of the show, with the intention of rebooting the series. The rebooted series premiered on August 12, 2017 and concluded on March 15, 2021.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: The show also featured a range of additional voice actors who voiced several minor characters, most frequently including the following:

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: Also, the episode "Ducky Horror Picture Show" was released with the "Goof Troop" episode "FrankenGoof" on a VHS cassette entitled "Monster Bash" in 1993.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: 10 VHS cassettes, each containing two or three episodes, were released in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: The episodes are in the order that they originally aired (except for the five-part serial "Treasure of the Golden Suns", placed at the beginning of Volume 2). None of the DVD sets contain any special features.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: There are currently no plans to release the rest of the series, or the seven episodes missing between the first two sets.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: The entire series is currently available for purchase on Amazon Instant Video in Germany, with the episodes split into eight different seasons.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: iTunes and Amazon Instant Video in the United States currently offer the entire series (except the episode "Sphinx for the Memories") for purchase in SD format, split into six volumes at $9.99 per volume.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: The series has been available to stream on Disney+ since its launch on November 12, 2019, however some episodes are out of order and the episodes "Sphinx for the Memories" and "Launchpad's Civil War" are missing.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: The series theme song was written by Mark Mueller, an ASCAP award-winning pop music songwriter who also wrote the theme song to ""; Mueller was paid a little over $1000 to write the tune.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: The full version contains a second verse, and it includes a guitar solo, which is performed with a wah-wah pedal to make it sound like duck-like noises. It also has a fadeout ending, unlike the other versions. There is also a rare extended version that was used in the read-along cassettes in 1987. It has a sequence order of verse-chorus-bridge-chorus-instrumental break-chorus.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: "" was released nationwide in the United States on August 3, 1990 by Walt Disney Pictures and Disney MovieToons, Disney TV Animation division and Disney France. The film follows Scrooge McDuck and his nephews as they try to defeat the evil warlock Merlock from taking over the legendary magic lamp.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: The film was well-received by critics and audiences, but was considered a financial disappointment by Disney and several planned sequels were abandoned as a result.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: In May 2015, Terry McGovern (the original voice of Launchpad McQuack) stated on Facebook that the entire voice cast would be replaced, stating he felt "heartsick" at the news.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: An app was released by Disney in the late summer/early fall of 2013 called "", where the player tries to get Scrooge back his money that was stolen by Flintheart Glomgold, Magica de Spell, and the Beagle Boys.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: Scrooge McDuck, Launchpad McQuack, Webby Vanderquack, Magica De Spell, and Gizmoduck appeared in "Disney Emoji Blitz" in 2017.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: In 2019, Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck, Scrooge McDuck, Gizmoduck, Donald Duck, and Launchpad McQuack were added to "Disney Heroes: Battle Mode". Magica De Spell was added to the game in January 2020.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: On August 29, 2007, Gemstone released a trade paperback of "Scrooge's Quest" and on October 7, 2008, it was followed by "The Gold Odyssey"; together they collect the majority of the Disney Comics run.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: However, the show's theme song (written by Mark Mueller and originally sung by Jeff Pescetto) remained in English for several episodes. The first Russian version of the song was replaced midway through the series with an alternate rendition that contained completely different lyrics.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: The series screened in New Zealand weekday afternoons on TVNZ. When TV3 started airing in November 1989 they took over the rights to Disney properties previously held by TVNZ, and as a result "Ducktales" was later repeated on TV3.

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: The series aired in India on Doordarshan, dubbed in Hindi. The title track for the original series was sung in Hindi by Amit Kumar. The features were dubbed and the episodes have voice cast of Chetan Shasital, Javed Jaffery, Rakshanda Khan and others. In many countries, the theme song was performed by well-known singers (like in Finland, where it was sung by Pave Maijanen, or in Germany, where it was sung by Thomas Anders in English).

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


DuckTales

Context: In France, the series was called "La bande à Picsou" ("McDuck's gang"). The French name of Scrooge McDuck is "Balthazar Picsou". Scrooge's last name "Picsou" comes from a French expression "Pique-Sou" emphasizing Scrooge's stingy behavior. Huey, Dewey, and Louie are called "Fifi", "Riri" and "Loulou".

Question: టెలివిజన్ లో ప్రసారమైన మొదటి కామిక్ చిత్రం ఏమిటి?


Planet

Context: According to the best available theory, planets form when a nebula collapses to create a protostar and a surrounding protoplanetary disk, in which planets grow by the process of accretion.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Historically, planets have had religious associations. Multiple cultures identified celestial bodies visible to the naked eye with gods, and these connections with mythology and folklore persist in the schemes for naming newly-discovered Solar System bodies.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: The idea of planets has evolved over its history, from the divine lights of antiquity to the earthly objects of the scientific age. The concept has expanded to include worlds not only in the Solar System, but in hundreds of other extrasolar systems. The consensus definition as to what counts as a planet vs. other objects orbiting the sun has changed several times, previously encompassing asteroids and dwarf planets like Pluto.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: In 499 CE, the Indian astronomer Aryabhata propounded a planetary model that explicitly incorporated Earth's rotation about its axis, which he explains as the cause of what appears to be an apparent westward motion of the stars. He also believed that the orbits of planets are elliptical.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Aryabhata's followers were particularly strong in South India, where his principles of the diurnal rotation of Earth, among others, were followed and a number of secondary works were based on them.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: In 1500, Nilakantha Somayaji of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics, in his "Tantrasangraha", revised Aryabhata's model. In his "Aryabhatiyabhasya", a commentary on Aryabhata's "Aryabhatiya", he developed a planetary model where Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn orbit the Sun, which in turn orbits Earth, similar to the Tychonic system later proposed by Tycho Brahe in the late 16th century. Most astronomers of the Kerala school who followed him accepted his planetary model.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: In the 11th century, the transit of Venus was observed by Avicenna, who established that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun. In the 12th century, Ibn Bajjah observed "two planets as black spots on the face of the Sun", which was later identified as a transit of Mercury and Venus by the Maragha astronomer Qotb al-Din Shirazi in the 13th century. Ibn Bajjah could not have observed a transit of Venus, because none occurred in his lifetime.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: In 1992, astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail announced the discovery of planets around a pulsar, PSR B1257+12. This discovery is generally considered to be the first definitive detection of a planetary system around another star. Then, on October 6, 1995, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz of the Geneva Observatory announced the first definitive detection of an exoplanet orbiting an ordinary main-sequence star (51 Pegasi).

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: With the discovery during the latter half of the 20th century of more objects within the Solar System and large objects around other stars, disputes arose over what should constitute a planet. There were particular disagreements over whether an object should be considered a planet if it was part of a distinct population such as a belt, or if it was large enough to generate energy by the thermonuclear fusion of deuterium.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: A growing number of astronomers argued for Pluto to be declassified as a planet, because many similar objects approaching its size had been found in the same region of the Solar System (the Kuiper belt) during the 1990s and early 2000s. Pluto was found to be just one small body in a population of thousands.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Some of them, such as Quaoar, Sedna, Eris, and Haumea were heralded in the popular press as the tenth planet. The announcement of Eris in 2005, an object 27% more massive than Pluto, created the impetus for an official definition of a planet.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: This definition has not been universally accepted. Dwarf planets had been proposed as a category of small planet (as opposed to planetoids as sub-planetary objects), and planetary geologists continue to treat them as planets despite the IAU definition.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: The 2006 IAU definition presents some challenges for exoplanets because the language is specific to the Solar System and the criteria of roundness and orbital zone clearance are not presently observable for exoplanets. There is no official definition of exoplanets, but the IAU's working group on the topic adopted a provisional statement in 2018, stating as follows:

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: The IAU definition is not fully accepted by all astronomers and planetary scientists. Planetary scientists are often interested in planetary geology rather than dynamics: a celestial body may have a dynamic (planetary) geology at approximately the mass required for its mantle to become plastic under its own weight (hydrostatic equilibrium), which results in the body acquiring a round shape. This is adopted as the hallmark of planethood by geophysical definitions, for example:

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: In the Solar System, this mass is generally less than the mass required for a body to clear its orbit, and thus some objects that are considered "planets" under geophysical definitions are not considered as such under the IAU definition, such as Ceres and Pluto. Proponents of such definitions often argue that location should not matter and that planethood should be defined by the intrinsic properties of an object.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Geophysical definitions also often do not require planets to orbit stars, so that round satellites such as our moon or Jupiter's Galilean moons are also considered planets. They are then sometimes called "satellite planets".

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Some other words have been used for the bodies meeting geophysical definitions of "planet", such as "planetary-mass object", "planemo", or "world".

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Ceres, Orcus, Pluto, and Eris continued the Roman and Greek scheme; however, the other consensus dwarf planets are named after gods and goddesses from other cultures (e.g. Quaoar is named after a Tongva god). Objects beyond Neptune follow various naming conventions depending on their orbits: those in the 2:3 resonance with Neptune (the plutinos) are given names from underworld myths, while others are given names from creation myths.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Non-European cultures use other planetary-naming systems. India uses a system based on the Navagraha, which incorporates the seven traditional planets ("Surya" for the Sun, "Chandra" for the Moon, "Budha" for Mercury, "Shukra" for Venus, "Mangala" for Mars, "" for Jupiter, and "Shani" for Saturn) and the ascending and descending lunar nodes "Rahu" and "Ketu".

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: China and the countries of eastern Asia historically subject to Chinese cultural influence (such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam) use a naming system based on the five Chinese elements: water (Mercury), metal (Venus), fire (Mars), wood (Jupiter) and earth (Saturn).

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: In Arabic, Mercury is عُطَارِد ("ʿUṭārid", cognate with Ishtar / Astarte), Venus is الزهرة ("az-Zuhara", "the bright one", an epithet of the goddess Al-'Uzzá), Earth is الأرض ("al-ʾArḍ", from the same root as eretz), Mars is اَلْمِرِّيخ ("al-Mirrīkh", meaning "featherless arrow" due to its retrograde motion), Jupiter is المشتري ("al-Muštarī", "the reliable one", from Akkadian) and Saturn is زُحَل ("Zuḥal", "withdrawer").

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: The number of geophysical planets in the Solar System is unknown – previously considered to be potentially in the hundreds, but now only estimated at only the low double digits. These include the eight classical planets, as well as two more populations. Nine objects are generally agreed to be dwarf planets, with some others being disputed candidates. Dwarf planets are gravitationally rounded, but do not clear their orbits. In increasing order of average distance from the Sun, they are , , , , , , , and .

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: There are also at least nineteen planetary-mass moons or satellite planets, i.e. moons large enough to take on ellipsoidal shapes. The nineteen generally agreed are:

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: There are types of planets that do not exist in the Solar System: super-Earths and mini-Neptunes, which could be rocky like Earth or a mixture of volatiles and gas like Neptune—the dividing line between the two is currently thought to occur at about twice the mass of Earth. There are hot Jupiters that orbit very close to their star and may evaporate to become chthonian planets, which are the leftover cores.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: The rough estimate of 1 in 5 Sun-like stars having an "Earth-sized" planet in the habitable zone suggests that the nearest would be expected to be within 12 light-years distance from Earth.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: The frequency of occurrence of such terrestrial planets is one of the variables in the Drake equation, which estimates the number of intelligent, communicating civilizations that exist in the Milky Way.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Although each planet has unique physical characteristics, a number of broad commonalities do exist among them. Some of these characteristics, such as rings or natural satellites, have only as yet been observed in planets in the Solar System, whereas others are also commonly observed in extrasolar planets.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: All of the Solar System planets except Mercury have substantial atmospheres because their gravity is strong enough to keep gases close to the surface. The larger giant planets are massive enough to keep large amounts of the light gases hydrogen and helium, whereas the smaller planets lose these gases into space. The composition of Earth's atmosphere is different from the other planets because the various life processes that have transpired on the planet have introduced free molecular oxygen.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Planetary atmospheres are affected by the varying insolation or internal energy, leading to the formation of dynamic weather systems such as hurricanes (on Earth), planet-wide dust storms (on Mars), a greater-than-Earth-sized anticyclone on Jupiter (called the Great Red Spot), and holes in the atmosphere (on Neptune). At least one extrasolar planet, HD 189733 b, has been claimed to have such a weather system, similar to the Great Red Spot but twice as large.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: Hot Jupiters, due to their extreme proximities to their host stars, have been shown to be losing their atmospheres into space due to stellar radiation, much like the tails of comets. These planets may have vast differences in temperature between their day and night sides that produce supersonic winds, although the day and night sides of HD 189733 b appear to have very similar temperatures, indicating that that planet's atmosphere effectively redistributes the star's energy around the planet.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: In 2004, a team of astronomers in Hawaii observed an extrasolar planet around the star HD 179949, which appeared to be creating a sunspot on the surface of its parent star. The team hypothesized that the planet's magnetosphere was transferring energy onto the star's surface, increasing its already high 7,760 °C temperature by an additional 400 °C.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: The four giant planets are also orbited by planetary rings of varying size and complexity. The rings are composed primarily of dust or particulate matter, but can host tiny 'moonlets' whose gravity shapes and maintains their structure. Although the origins of planetary rings is not precisely known, they are believed to be the result of natural satellites that fell below their parent planet's Roche limit and were torn apart by tidal forces.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Planet

Context: No secondary characteristics have been observed around extrasolar planets. The sub-brown dwarf Cha 110913-773444, which has been described as a rogue planet, is believed to be orbited by a tiny protoplanetary disc and the sub-brown dwarf OTS 44 was shown to be surrounded by a substantial protoplanetary disk of at least 10 Earth masses.

Question: భూమి తరువాత నాలుగో గ్రహం పేరు ఏంటి?


Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)

Context: In states where there are two houses, there is a State Legislative Council, and a State Legislative Assembly. In such a case, the Legislative Council is the upper house, while the Legislative Assembly is the lower house of the state legislature.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అధిక శాసనసభ సభ్యులు కలిగిన రాష్ట్రం ఏది?


Context: The Governor shall not be a member of the Legislature or Parliament, shall not hold any office of profit, and shall be entitled to emoluments and allowances. (Article 158 of the Indian constitution).

Question: భారతదేశంలో అధిక శాసనసభ సభ్యులు కలిగిన రాష్ట్రం ఏది?


Context: One MLA can be nominated from Anglo-Indian community in the states of Tamil Nadu and Jharkhand. Up to three MLAs can be nominated in the union territory of Puducherry by the central government and unlike the states the nominated MLAs in Puducherry enjoy equal powers as elected MLAs.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అధిక శాసనసభ సభ్యులు కలిగిన రాష్ట్రం ఏది?


Context: The qualifications to become a member of the Legislative Assembly are largely similar to the qualifications to be a member of Parliament.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అధిక శాసనసభ సభ్యులు కలిగిన రాష్ట్రం ఏది?


Context: The most important function of the legislature is law-making. The state legislature has the power to make laws on all items on which Parliament cannot legislate. Some of these items are police, prisons, irrigation, agriculture, local governments, public health, Pilgrimage, and burial grounds. Some topics on which both Parliament and states can make laws are education, marriage and divorce, forests, and the protection of wild animals and birds.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అధిక శాసనసభ సభ్యులు కలిగిన రాష్ట్రం ఏది?


Context: As regards money bills, the position is the same. Bills can originate only in the Legislative Assembly. The Legislative Council can either pass the bill within 14 days of the date of the receipt of the Bill or suggest changes to it within 14 days. These changes may or may not be accepted by the Assembly.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అధిక శాసనసభ సభ్యులు కలిగిన రాష్ట్రం ఏది?


Context: The state legislature, besides making laws, has one electoral power, in electing the President of India. Elected members of the Legislative Assembly along with the elected members of Parliament are involved in this process.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అధిక శాసనసభ సభ్యులు కలిగిన రాష్ట్రం ఏది?


Context: Some parts of the Constitution can be amended by Parliament with the approval of half of the state legislatures. Thus the state legislatures take part in the process of amendment to the Constitution.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అధిక శాసనసభ సభ్యులు కలిగిన రాష్ట్రం ఏది?


Speed of sound

Context: The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At , the speed of sound in air is about , or one kilometre in or one mile in . It depends strongly on temperature as well as the medium through which a sound wave is propagating. At , the speed of sound is about .

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure in ordinary air, deviating slightly from ideal behavior.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Sound waves in solids are composed of compression waves (just as in gases and liquids), and a different type of sound wave called a shear wave, which occurs only in solids. Shear waves in solids usually travel at different speeds than compression waves, as exhibited in seismology. The speed of compression waves in solids is determined by the medium's compressibility, shear modulus and density. The speed of shear waves is determined only by the solid material's shear modulus and density.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In fluid dynamics, the speed of sound in a fluid medium (gas or liquid) is used as a relative measure for the speed of an object moving through the medium. The ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound (in the same medium) is called the object's Mach number. Objects moving at speeds greater than the speed of sound ("") are said to be traveling at supersonic speeds.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Sir Isaac Newton's 1687 "Principia" includes a computation of the speed of sound in air as . This is too low by about 15%. The discrepancy is due primarily to neglecting the (then unknown) effect of rapidly-fluctuating temperature in a sound wave (in modern terms, sound wave compression and expansion of air is an adiabatic process, not an isothermal process). This error was later rectified by Laplace.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Derham used a telescope from the tower of the church of St. Laurence, Upminster to observe the flash of a distant shotgun being fired, and then measured the time until he heard the gunshot with a half-second pendulum. Measurements were made of gunshots from a number of local landmarks, including North Ockendon church. The distance was known by triangulation, and thus the speed that the sound had travelled was calculated.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The transmission of sound can be illustrated by using a model consisting of an array of spherical objects interconnected by springs.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In real material terms, the spheres represent the material's molecules and the springs represent the bonds between them. Sound passes through the system by compressing and expanding the springs, transmitting the acoustic energy to neighboring spheres. This helps transmit the energy in-turn to the neighboring sphere's springs (bonds), and so on.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The speed of sound through the model depends on the stiffness/rigidity of the springs, and the mass of the spheres. As long as the spacing of the spheres remains constant, stiffer springs/bonds transmit energy quicker, while larger spheres transmit the energy slower.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In a real material, the stiffness of the springs is known as the "elastic modulus", and the mass corresponds to the material density. Given that all other things being equal (ceteris paribus), sound will travel slower in spongy materials, and faster in stiffer ones. Effects like dispersion and reflection can also be understood using this model.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: A practical example can be observed in Edinburgh when the "One o'Clock Gun" is fired at the eastern end of Edinburgh Castle. Standing at the base of the western end of the Castle Rock, the sound of the Gun can be heard through the rock, slightly before it arrives by the air route, partly delayed by the slightly longer route. It is particularly effective if a multi-gun salute such as for "The Queen's Birthday" is being fired.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: These different waves (compression waves and the different polarizations of shear waves) may have different speeds at the same frequency. Therefore, they arrive at an observer at different times, an extreme example being an earthquake, where sharp compression waves arrive first and rocking transverse waves seconds later.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The speed of sound in mathematical notation is conventionally represented by "c", from the Latin "celeritas" meaning "velocity".

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Thus, the speed of sound increases with the stiffness (the resistance of an elastic body to deformation by an applied force) of the material and decreases with an increase in density. For ideal gases, the bulk modulus "K" is simply the gas pressure multiplied by the dimensionless adiabatic index, which is about 1.4 for air under normal conditions of pressure and temperature.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: For general equations of state, if classical mechanics is used, the speed of sound "c" can be derived as follows:

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Consider the sound wave propagating at speed formula_3 through a pipe aligned with the formula_4 axis and with a cross-sectional area of formula_5. In time interval formula_6 it moves length formula_7. In steady state, the mass flow rate formula_8 must be the same at the two ends of the tube, therefore the mass flux formula_9 is constant and formula_10. Per Newton's second law, the pressure-gradient force provides the acceleration:

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: If relativistic effects are important, the speed of sound is calculated from the relativistic Euler equations.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In a non-dispersive medium, the speed of sound is independent of sound frequency, so the speeds of energy transport and sound propagation are the same for all frequencies. Air, a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, constitutes a non-dispersive medium. However, air does contain a small amount of CO2 which "is" a dispersive medium, and causes dispersion to air at ultrasonic frequencies ().

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In a dispersive medium, the speed of sound is a function of sound frequency, through the dispersion relation. Each frequency component propagates at its own speed, called the phase velocity, while the energy of the disturbance propagates at the group velocity. The same phenomenon occurs with light waves; see optical dispersion for a description.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The speed of sound is variable and depends on the properties of the substance through which the wave is travelling. In solids, the speed of transverse (or shear) waves depends on the shear deformation under shear stress (called the shear modulus), and the density of the medium. Longitudinal (or compression) waves in solids depend on the same two factors with the addition of a dependence on compressibility.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In fluids, only the medium's compressibility and density are the important factors, since fluids do not transmit shear stresses. In heterogeneous fluids, such as a liquid filled with gas bubbles, the density of the liquid and the compressibility of the gas affect the speed of sound in an additive manner, as demonstrated in the hot chocolate effect.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In gases, adiabatic compressibility is directly related to pressure through the heat capacity ratio (adiabatic index), while pressure and density are inversely related to the temperature and molecular weight, thus making only the completely independent properties of "temperature and molecular structure" important (heat capacity ratio may be determined by temperature and molecular structure, but simple molecular weight is not sufficient to determine it).

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Sound propagates faster in low molecular weight gases such as helium than it does in heavier gases such as xenon. For monatomic gases, the speed of sound is about 75% of the mean speed that the atoms move in that gas.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In non-ideal gas behavior regimen, for which the Van der Waals gas equation would be used, the proportionality is not exact, and there is a slight dependence of sound velocity on the gas pressure.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Humidity has a small but measurable effect on the speed of sound (causing it to increase by about 0.1%–0.6%), because oxygen and nitrogen molecules of the air are replaced by lighter molecules of water. This is a simple mixing effect.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In the Earth's atmosphere, the chief factor affecting the speed of sound is the temperature. For a given ideal gas with constant heat capacity and composition, the speed of sound is dependent "solely" upon temperature; see Details below. In such an ideal case, the effects of decreased density and decreased pressure of altitude cancel each other out, save for the residual effect of temperature.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Since temperature (and thus the speed of sound) decreases with increasing altitude up to , sound is refracted upward, away from listeners on the ground, creating an acoustic shadow at some distance from the source. The decrease of the speed of sound with height is referred to as a negative sound speed gradient.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: However, there are variations in this trend above . In particular, in the stratosphere above about , the speed of sound increases with height, due to an increase in temperature from heating within the ozone layer. This produces a positive speed of sound gradient in this region. Still another region of positive gradient occurs at very high altitudes, in the aptly-named thermosphere above .

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The approximate speed of sound in dry (0% humidity) air, in metres per second, at temperatures near , can be calculated from

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: This equation is derived from the first two terms of the Taylor expansion of the following more accurate equation:

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Dividing the first part, and multiplying the second part, on the right hand side, by gives the alternative form

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: A graph comparing results of the two equations is to the right, using the slightly more accurate value of for the speed of sound at .

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: For an ideal gas, "K" (the bulk modulus in equations above, equivalent to C, the coefficient of stiffness in solids) is given by

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Using the ideal gas law to replace "p" with "nRT"/"V", and replacing "ρ" with "nM"/"V", the equation for an ideal gas becomes

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: This equation applies only when the sound wave is a small perturbation on the ambient condition, and the certain other noted conditions are fulfilled, as noted below. Calculated values for "c"air have been found to vary slightly from experimentally determined values.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Newton famously considered the speed of sound before most of the development of thermodynamics and so incorrectly used isothermal calculations instead of adiabatic. His result was missing the factor of "γ" but was otherwise correct.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In addition, we switch to the Celsius temperature , which is useful to calculate air speed in the region near

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The above derivation includes the first two equations given in the "Practical formula for dry air" section above.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: For sound propagation, the exponential variation of wind speed with height can be defined as follows:

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In the 1862 American Civil War Battle of Iuka, an acoustic shadow, believed to have been enhanced by a northeast wind, kept two divisions of Union soldiers out of the battle, because they could not hear the sounds of battle only (six miles) downwind.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In fact, assuming an ideal gas, the speed of sound "c" depends on temperature only, not on the pressure or density (since these change in lockstep for a given temperature and cancel out). Air is almost an ideal gas. The temperature of the air varies with altitude, giving the following variations in the speed of sound using the standard atmosphere—"actual conditions may vary".

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The medium in which a sound wave is travelling does not always respond adiabatically, and as a result, the speed of sound can vary with frequency.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The molecular composition of the gas contributes both as the mass (M) of the molecules, and their heat capacities, and so both have an influence on speed of sound. In general, at the same molecular mass, monatomic gases have slightly higher speed of sound (over 9% higher) because they have a higher "γ" (...) than diatomics do (). Thus, at the same molecular mass, the speed of sound of a monatomic gas goes up by a factor of

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: By far, the most important factor influencing the speed of sound in air is temperature. The speed is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature, giving an increase of about per degree Celsius. For this reason, the pitch of a musical wind instrument increases as its temperature increases.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The speed of sound is raised by humidity. The difference between 0% and 100% humidity is about at standard pressure and temperature, but the size of the humidity effect increases dramatically with temperature.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The dependence on frequency and pressure are normally insignificant in practical applications. In dry air, the speed of sound increases by about as the frequency rises from to . For audible frequencies above it is relatively constant. Standard values of the speed of sound are quoted in the limit of low frequencies, where the wavelength is large compared to the mean free path.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: As shown above, the approximate value 1000/3 = 333.33... m/s is exact a little below 5 °C and is a good approximation for all "usual" outside temperatures (in temperate climates, at least), hence the usual rule of thumb to determine how far lightning has struck: count the seconds from the start of the lightning flash to the start of the corresponding roll of thunder and divide by 3: the result is the distance in kilometers to the nearest point of the lightning bolt.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Mach number, a useful quantity in aerodynamics, is the ratio of air speed to the local speed of sound. At altitude, for reasons explained, Mach number is a function of temperature.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Aircraft flight instruments, however, operate using pressure differential to compute Mach number, not temperature. The assumption is that a particular pressure represents a particular altitude and, therefore, a standard temperature. Aircraft flight instruments need to operate this way because the stagnation pressure sensed by a Pitot tube is dependent on altitude as well as speed.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The simplest concept is the measurement made using two microphones and a fast recording device such as a digital storage scope. This method uses the following idea.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: If a sound source and two microphones are arranged in a straight line, with the sound source at one end, then the following can be measured:

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In these methods, the time measurement has been replaced by a measurement of the inverse of time (frequency).

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Kundt's tube is an example of an experiment which can be used to measure the speed of sound in a small volume. It has the advantage of being able to measure the speed of sound in any gas. This method uses a powder to make the nodes and antinodes visible to the human eye. This is an example of a compact experimental setup.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: A tuning fork can be held near the mouth of a long pipe which is dipping into a barrel of water. In this system it is the case that the pipe can be brought to resonance if the length of the air column in the pipe is equal to "(1 + 2"n")λ/4" where "n" is an integer. As the antinodal point for the pipe at the open end is slightly outside the mouth of the pipe it is best to find two or more points of resonance and then measure half a wavelength between these.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In a solid, there is a non-zero stiffness both for volumetric deformations and shear deformations. Hence, it is possible to generate sound waves with different velocities dependent

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: on the deformation mode. Sound waves generating volumetric deformations (compression) and shear deformations (shearing) are called pressure waves (longitudinal waves) and shear waves (transverse waves), respectively. In earthquakes, the corresponding seismic waves are called P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves), respectively. The sound velocities of these two types of waves propagating in a homogeneous 3-dimensional solid are respectively given by

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The last quantity is not an independent one, as . Note that the speed of pressure waves depends both on the pressure and shear resistance properties of the material, while the speed of shear waves depends on the shear properties only.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Speed of sound in semiconductor solids can be very sensitive to the amount of electronic dopant in them.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The speed of sound for pressure waves in stiff materials such as metals is sometimes given for "long rods" of the material in question, in which the speed is easier to measure. In rods where their diameter is shorter than a wavelength, the speed of pure pressure waves may be simplified and is given by:

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: where "E" is Young's modulus. This is similar to the expression for shear waves, save that Young's modulus replaces the shear modulus. This speed of sound for pressure waves in long rods will always be slightly less than the same speed in homogeneous 3-dimensional solids, and the ratio of the speeds in the two different types of objects depends on Poisson's ratio for the material.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In a fluid, the only non-zero stiffness is to volumetric deformation (a fluid does not sustain shear forces).

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In fresh water, sound travels at about at (see the External Links section below for online calculators). Applications of underwater sound can be found in sonar, acoustic communication and acoustical oceanography.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: with check value for , , . This equation has a standard error of for salinity between 25 and 40 ppt. See Technical Guides. Speed of Sound in Sea-Water for an online calculator.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: Other equations for the speed of sound in sea water are accurate over a wide range of conditions, but are far more complicated, e.g., that by V. A. Del Grosso and the Chen-Millero-Li Equation.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The speed of sound in a plasma for the common case that the electrons are hotter than the ions (but not too much hotter) is given by the formula (see here)

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: In contrast to a gas, the pressure and the density are provided by separate species: the pressure by the electrons and the density by the ions. The two are coupled through a fluctuating electric field.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: The speed of sound on Mars varies as a function of frequency. Higher frequencies travel faster than lower frequencies. Higher frequency sound from lasers travels at , while low frequency sound topped out at .

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: When sound spreads out evenly in all directions in three dimensions, the intensity drops in proportion to the inverse square of the distance. However, in the ocean, there is a layer called the 'deep sound channel' or SOFAR channel which can confine sound waves at a particular depth.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Speed of sound

Context: A similar effect occurs in the atmosphere. Project Mogul successfully used this effect to detect a nuclear explosion at a considerable distance.

Question: శూన్యంలో ధ్వని వేగం ఎంత ?


Lunar water

Context: Lunar water is water that is present on the Moon. Diffuse water molecules can persist at the Moon's sunlit surface, as discovered by NASA's SOFIA observatory in 2020. Gradually water vapor is decomposed by sunlight, leaving hydrogen and oxygen lost to outer space. Scientists have found water ice in the cold, permanently shadowed craters at the Moon's poles. Water molecules are also present in the extremely thin lunar atmosphere.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: On 18 August 1976, the Soviet Luna 24 probe landed at Mare Crisium, took samples from the depths of 118, 143, and 184 cm of the lunar regolith, and then took them to Earth. In February 1978, it was published that laboratory analysis of these samples shown they contained 0.1% water by mass. Spectral measurements shown minima near 3, 5, and 6 µm, distinctive valence-vibration bands for water molecules, with intensities two or three times larger than the noise level.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: Water may have been delivered to the Moon over geological timescales by the regular bombardment of water-bearing comets, asteroids, and meteoroids or continuously produced "in situ" by the hydrogen ions (protons) of the solar wind impacting oxygen-bearing minerals.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: The search for the presence of lunar water has attracted considerable attention and motivated several recent lunar missions, largely because of water's usefulness in rendering long-term lunar habitation feasible.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: The possibility of ice in the floors of polar lunar craters was first suggested in 1961 by Caltech researchers Kenneth Watson, Bruce C. Murray, and Harrison Brown. Although trace amounts of water were found in lunar rock samples collected by Apollo astronauts, this was assumed to be a result of contamination, and the majority of the lunar surface was generally assumed to be completely dry. However, a 2008 study of lunar rock samples revealed evidence of water molecules trapped in volcanic glass beads.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: The first direct evidence of water vapor near the Moon was obtained by the Apollo 14 ALSEP Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment, SIDE, on March 7, 1971. A series of bursts of water vapor ions were observed by the instrument mass spectrometer at the lunar surface near the Apollo 14 landing site.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: In February 1978 Soviet scientists M. Akhmanova, B. Dement'ev, and M. Markov of the published a paper claiming a detection of water fairly definitively. Their study showed that the samples returned to Earth by the 1976 Soviet probe Luna 24 contained about 0.1% water by mass, as seen in infrared absorption spectroscopy (at about wavelength), at a detection level about 10 times above the threshold.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: More suspicions about the existence of water on the Moon were generated by inconclusive data produced by "Cassini–Huygens" mission, which passed the Moon in 1999.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: The People's Republic of China's Chang'e 1 orbiter, launched in October 2007, took the first detailed photographs of some polar areas where ice water is likely to be found.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: On October 9, 2009, the Centaur upper stage of its Atlas V carrier rocket was directed to impact Cabeus crater at 11:31 UTC, followed shortly by the NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) spacecraft that flew through the ejecta plume.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: LRO laser altimeter's examination of the Shackleton crater at the lunar south pole suggests up to 22% of the surface of that crater is covered in ice.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: In May 2011, Erik Hauri et al. reported 615-1410 ppm water in melt inclusions in lunar sample 74220, the famous high-titanium "orange glass soil" of volcanic origin collected during the Apollo 17 mission in 1972. The inclusions were formed during explosive eruptions on the Moon approximately 3.7 billion years ago.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: This concentration is comparable with that of magma in Earth's upper mantle. While of considerable selenological interest, this announcement affords little comfort to would-be lunar colonists. The sample originated many kilometers below the surface, and the inclusions are so difficult to access that it took 39 years to detect them with a state-of-the-art ion microprobe instrument.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: October 26, 2020: In a paper published in Nature Astronomy, a team of scientists used SOFIA, an infrared telescope mounted inside a 747 jumbo jet, to make observations that showed unambiguous evidence of water on parts of the Moon where the sun shines. “This discovery reveals that water might be distributed across the lunar surface and not limited to the cold shadowed places near the lunar poles,” Paul Hertz, the director of NASA's astrophysics division, said.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: A dedicated on-site experiment by NASA dubbed PRIME-1 is slated to land on the Moon in December, 2022 near Shackleton Crater at the Lunar South Pole. The mission will drill for water ice.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: The hydroxyl surface groups (X–OH) formed by the reaction of protons (H+) with oxygen atoms accessible at oxide surface (X=O) could further be converted in water molecules (H2O) adsorbed onto the oxide mineral's surface. The mass balance of a chemical rearrangement supposed at the oxide surface could be schematically written as follows:

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: The formation of one water molecule requires the presence of two adjacent hydroxyl groups or a cascade of successive reactions of one oxygen atom with two protons. This could constitute a limiting factor and decreases the probability of water production if the proton density per surface unit is too low.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: While the ice deposits may be thick, they are most likely mixed with the regolith, possibly in a layered formation.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: Although free water cannot persist in illuminated regions of the Moon, any such water produced there by the action of the solar wind on lunar minerals might, through a process of evaporation and condensation, migrate to permanently cold polar areas and accumulate there as ice, perhaps in addition to any ice brought by comet impacts.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: To what extent, and at what spatial scale, direct proton exchange (protolysis) and proton surface diffusion directly occurring at the naked surface of oxyhydroxide minerals exposed to space vacuum (see surface diffusion and self-ionization of water) could also play a role in the mechanism of the water transfer towards the coldest point is presently unknown and remains a conjecture.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: 4–3.5 billion years ago, the Moon could have had sufficient atmosphere and liquid water on its surface. Warm and pressurized regions in the Moon's interior might still contain liquid water.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: Analysis of lunar ice would also provide scientific information about the impact history of the Moon and the abundance of comets and asteroids in the early Inner Solar System.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: The Moon Treaty specifically stipulates that exploitation of lunar resources is to be governed by an "international regime", but that treaty has only been ratified by a few nations, and primarily those with no independent spaceflight capabilities.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Lunar water

Context: Luxembourg and the US have granted their citizens the right to mine and own space resources, including the resources of the Moon. The US executive, as at the last year of the Trump presidency, explicitly opposes the Moon Treaty.

Question: చంద్రునిపై నీరు ఉందని పరిశోధన జరిపిన సంస్థ పేరేమిటి?


Solar System

Context: The word "solar" means "pertaining to the Sun", which is derived from the Latin word "sol", meaning Sun. The Sun is the dominant gravitational member of the Solar System, and its planetary system is maintained in a relatively stable, slowly evolving state by following isolated, gravitationally bound orbits around the Sun.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The angular momentum of the Solar System is a measure of the total amount of orbital and rotational momentum possessed by all its moving components. Although the Sun dominates the system by mass, it accounts for only about 2% of the angular momentum. The planets, dominated by Jupiter, account for most of the rest of the angular momentum due to the combination of their mass, orbit, and distance from the Sun, with a possibly significant contribution from comets.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The astronomical unit [AU] () would be the distance from the Earth to the Sun if the planet's orbit were perfectly circular. For comparison, the radius of the Sun is . Thus, the Sun occupies 0.00001% (10−5 %) of the volume of a sphere with a radius the size of Earth's orbit, whereas Earth's volume is roughly one millionth (10−6) that of the Sun. Jupiter, the largest planet, is from the Sun and has a radius of , whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is from the Sun.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: If the Sun–Neptune distance is scaled to , then the Sun would be about in diameter (roughly two-thirds the diameter of a golf ball), the giant planets would be all smaller than about , and Earth's diameter along with that of the other terrestrial planets would be smaller than a flea () at this scale.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The Sun is the Solar System's star and by far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900 Earth masses), which comprises 99.86% of all the mass in the Solar System, produces temperatures and densities in its core high enough to sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This releases an enormous amount of energy, mostly radiated into space as electromagnetic radiation peaking in visible light.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The heliosphere and planetary magnetic fields (for those planets that have them) partially shield the Solar System from high-energy interstellar particles called cosmic rays. The density of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium and the strength of the Sun's magnetic field change on very long timescales, so the level of cosmic-ray penetration in the Solar System varies, though by how much is unknown.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The interplanetary medium is home to at least two disc-like regions of cosmic dust. The first, the zodiacal dust cloud, lies in the inner Solar System and causes the zodiacal light. It may have been formed by collisions within the asteroid belt brought on by gravitational interactions with the planets; a more recent proposed origin is the planet Mars. The second dust cloud extends from about to about , and was probably created by collisions within the Kuiper belt.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The inner Solar System is the region comprising the terrestrial planets and the asteroid belt. Composed mainly of silicates and metals, the objects of the inner Solar System are relatively close to the Sun; the radius of this entire region is less than the distance between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. This region is also within the frost line, which is a little less than from the Sun.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: Ceres ( from the Sun) is the largest asteroid, a protoplanet, and a dwarf planet. It has a diameter of slightly under , and a mass large enough for its own gravity to pull it into a spherical shape. Ceres was considered a planet when it was discovered in 1801, but as further observations revealed additional asteroids, it became common to consider it as one of the minor rather than major planets. It was then reclassified again as a dwarf planet in 2006 when the IAU definition of planet was established.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The outer region of the Solar System is home to the giant planets and their large moons. The centaurs and many short-period comets also orbit in this region. Due to their greater distance from the Sun, the solid objects in the outer Solar System contain a higher proportion of volatiles, such as water, ammonia, and methane than those of the inner Solar System because the lower temperatures allow these compounds to remain solid.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The ring–moon systems of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus are like miniature versions of the Solar System; that of Neptune is significantly different, having been disrupted by the capture of its largest moon Triton.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The centaurs are icy comet-like bodies whose orbits have semi-major axes greater than Jupiter's () and less than Neptune's (). The largest known centaur, 10199 Chariklo, has a diameter of about . The first centaur discovered, 2060 Chiron, has also been classified as a comet (95P) because it develops a coma just as comets do when they approach the Sun.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: Comets are small Solar System bodies, typically only a few kilometres across, composed largely of volatile ices. They have highly eccentric orbits, generally a perihelion within the orbits of the inner planets and an aphelion far beyond Pluto. When a comet enters the inner Solar System, its proximity to the Sun causes its icy surface to sublimate and ionise, creating a coma: a long tail of gas and dust often visible to the naked eye.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: Charon, the largest of Pluto's moons, is sometimes described as part of a binary system with Pluto, as the two bodies orbit a barycentre of gravity above their surfaces (i.e. they appear to "orbit each other"). Beyond Charon, four much smaller moons, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra, orbit Pluto.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: Besides Pluto, astronomers generally agree that at least four other Kuiper belt objects are dwarf planets, and additional bodies have also been proposed:

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: (67.78 AU average from the Sun) is the largest known scattered disc object, and caused a debate about what constitutes a planet, because it is 25% more massive than Pluto and about the same diameter. It is the most massive of the known dwarf planets. It has one known moon, Dysnomia. Like Pluto, its orbit is highly eccentric, with a perihelion of 38.2 AU (roughly Pluto's distance from the Sun) and an aphelion of 97.6 AU, and steeply inclined to the ecliptic plane at an angle of 44°.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: (67.38 AU average from the Sun) is in a comparable orbit to Eris, except that it is in a 3:10 resonance with Neptune. It has one known moon, Xiangliu.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The outer boundary of the heliosphere, the "heliopause", is the point at which the solar wind finally terminates and is the beginning of interstellar space. "Voyager 1" and "Voyager 2" passed the termination shock and entered the heliosheath at 94 and 84 AU from the Sun, respectively. "Voyager 1" was reported to have crossed the heliopause in August 2012, and "Voyager 2" in December 2018.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the fluid dynamics of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as solar magnetic fields prevailing to the south, e.g. it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere. Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the bow shock, a plasma "wake" left by the Sun as it travels through the Milky Way.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The Local Bubble is a small superbubble compared to the neighbouring wider Radcliffe Wave and "Split" linear structures (formerly Gould Belt), each of which are some thousands of light-years in length. All these structures are part of the Orion Arm, which contains most of the stars in the Milky Way that are visible to the unaided eye. The density of all matter in the local neighborhood is ·pc−3.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The next closest known fusors to the Sun are the red dwarfs Barnard's Star (at 5.9 ly), Wolf 359 (7.8 ly), and Lalande 21185 (8.3 ly). The nearest brown dwarfs belong to the binary Luhman 16 system (6.6 ly), and the closest known rogue or free-floating planetary-mass object at less than 10 Jupiter masses is the sub-brown dwarf WISE 0855−0714.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: Just beyond at 8.6 ly lies Sirius, the brightest star in Earth's night sky, with roughly twice the Sun's mass, orbited by the closest white dwarf to Earth, Sirius B. Other stars within ten light-years are the binary red-dwarf system Luyten 726-8 (8.7 ly) and the solitary red dwarf Ross 154 (9.7 ly). The closest solitary Sun-like star to the Solar System is Tau Ceti at 11.9 light-years. It has roughly 80% of the Sun's mass but only about half of its luminosity.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The nearest and unaided-visible group of stars beyond the immediate celestial neighbourhood is the Ursa Major Moving Group at roughly 80 light-years, which is within the Local Bubble, like the nearest as well as unaided-visible star cluster the Hyades, which lie at its edge. The closest star-forming regions are the Corona Australis Molecular Cloud, the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex and the Taurus Molecular Cloud; the latter lies just beyond the Local Bubble and is part of the Radcliffe wave.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


Solar System

Context: The orbits of Solar System planets are nearly circular. Compared to other systems, they have smaller orbital eccentricity. Although there are attempts to explain it partly with a bias in the radial-velocity detection method and partly with long interactions of a quite high number of planets, the exact causes remain undetermined.

Question: నవగ్రహాలలో సూర్యునికి అతి దగ్గరగా ఉన్న గ్రహం ఏది?


South America

Context: South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern subregion of a single continent called America.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: Most of the population lives near the continent's western or eastern coasts while the interior and the far south are sparsely populated. The geography of western South America is dominated by the Andes mountains; in contrast, the eastern part contains both highland regions and vast lowlands where rivers such as the Amazon, Orinoco and Paraná flow. Most of the continent lies in the tropics, except for a large part of the Southern Cone located in the middle latitudes.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: The continent's cultural and ethnic outlook has its origin with the interaction of indigenous peoples with European conquerors and immigrants and, more locally, with African slaves. Given a long history of colonialism, the overwhelming majority of South Americans speak Spanish or Portuguese, and societies and states are rich in Western traditions. Relative to Europe, Asia and Africa, 20th-century South America has been a peaceful continent with few wars.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: Brazil is the largest country in South America, covering a little less than half of the continent's land area and encompassing around half of the continent's population. The remaining countries and territories are divided among four subregions: the Andean states, Caribbean South America, The Guianas, and the Southern Cone.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: An isolated volcanic island on the South American Plate, Ascension Island is geologically a part of South America. Administered as a dependency of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, the island is geopolitically a part of Africa.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: An uninhabited sub-Antarctic volcanic island located in the South Atlantic Ocean, Bouvet Island (administered by Norway) is geographically, geologically, biographically, and hydrologically associated with Antarctica, but the United Nations geoscheme has included the territory in South America instead.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: The distribution of the average temperatures in the region presents a constant regularity from the 30° of latitude south, when the isotherms tend, more and more, to be confused with the degrees of latitude.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: In temperate latitudes, winters and summers are milder than in North America. This is because the most extensive part of the continent is in the equatorial zone (the region has more areas of equatorial plains than any other region.), therefore giving the Southern Cone more oceanic influence, which moderates year round temperatures.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: The average annual temperatures in the Amazon basin oscillate around , with low thermal amplitudes and high rainfall indices. Between the Maracaibo Lake and the mouth of the Orinoco, predominates an equatorial climate of the type Congolese, that also includes parts of the Brazilian territory.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: Important factors in the determination of climates are sea currents, such as the current Humboldt and Falklands. The equatorial current of the South Atlantic strikes the coast of the Northeast and there is divided into two others: the current of Brazil and a coastal current that flows to the northwest towards the Antilles, where there it moves towards northeast course thus forming the most Important and famous ocean current in the world, the Gulf Stream.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: South America is one of the most biodiverse continents on Earth. South America is home to many unique species of animals including the llama, anaconda, piranha, jaguar, vicuña, and tapir. The Amazon rainforests possess high biodiversity, containing a major proportion of Earth's species.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: South America is thought to have been first inhabited by humans when people were crossing the Bering Land Bridge (now the Bering Strait) at least 15,000 years ago from the territory that is present-day Russia. They migrated south through North America, and eventually reached South America through the Isthmus of Panama.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: The first evidence for the existence of the human race in South America dates back to about 9000 BC, when squashes, chili peppers and beans began to be cultivated for food in the highlands of the Amazon Basin. Pottery evidence further suggests that manioc, which remains a staple food today, was being cultivated as early as 2000 BC.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: By 2000 BC, many agrarian communities had been settled throughout the Andes and the surrounding regions. Fishing became a widespread practice along the coast, helping establish fish as a primary source of food. Irrigation systems were also developed at this time, which aided in the rise of an agrarian society.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: South American cultures began domesticating llamas, vicuñas, guanacos, and alpacas in the highlands of the Andes circa 3500 BC. Besides their use as sources of meat and wool, these animals were used for transportation of goods.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: The rise of plant growing and the subsequent appearance of permanent human settlements allowed for the multiple and overlapping beginnings of civilizations in South America.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: In the central coast of Peru, around the beginning of the 1st millennium AD, Moche (100 BC – 700 AD, at the northern coast of Peru), Paracas and Nazca (400 BC – 800 AD, Peru) cultures flourished with centralized states with permanent militia improving agriculture through irrigation and new styles of ceramic art. At the Altiplano, Tiahuanaco or Tiwanaku (100 BC – 1200 AD, Bolivia) managed a large commercial network based on religion.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: Around the 7th century, both Tiahuanaco and Wari or Huari Empire (600–1200, Central and northern Peru) expanded its influence to all the Andean region, imposing the Huari urbanism and Tiahuanaco religious iconography.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: The Muisca were the main indigenous civilization in what is now Colombia. They established the Muisca Confederation of many clans, or "cacicazgos", that had a free trade network among themselves. They were goldsmiths and farmers.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: Other important Pre-Columbian cultures include: the Cañaris (in south central Ecuador), Chimú Empire (1300–1470, Peruvian northern coast), Chachapoyas, and the Aymaran kingdoms (1000–1450, Western Bolivia and southern Peru).

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: The Mapuche in Central and Southern Chile resisted the European and Chilean settlers, waging the Arauco War for more than 300 years.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?


South America

Context: In 1494, Portugal and Spain, the two great maritime European powers of that time, on the expectation of new lands being discovered in the west, signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, by which they agreed, with the support of the Pope, that all the land outside Europe should be an exclusive duopoly between the two countries.

Question: దక్షిణ అమెరికా దేశంలో అతిపెద్ద నగరం ఏది?