History of the Internet

Context: The IANA function was originally performed by USC Information Sciences Institute (ISI), and it delegated portions of this responsibility with respect to numeric network and autonomous system identifiers to the Network Information Center (NIC) at Stanford Research Institute (SRI International) in Menlo Park, California. ISI's Jonathan Postel managed the IANA, served as RFC Editor and performed other key roles until his premature death in 1998.

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History of the Internet

Context: The RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) was established as the first RIR in May 1992. The second RIR, the Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC), was established in Tokyo in 1993, as a pilot project of the Asia Pacific Networking Group.

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History of the Internet

Context: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the largest and most visible of several loosely related ad-hoc groups that provide technical direction for the Internet, including the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).

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History of the Internet

Context: The IETF is a loosely self-organized group of international volunteers who contribute to the engineering and evolution of Internet technologies. It is the principal body engaged in the development of new Internet standard specifications. Much of the work of the IETF is organized into "Working Groups". Standardization efforts of the Working Groups are often adopted by the Internet community, but the IETF does not control or patrol the Internet.

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History of the Internet

Context: Request for Comments (RFCs) are the main documentation for the work of the IAB, IESG, IETF, and IRTF. RFC 1, "Host Software", was written by Steve Crocker at UCLA in April 1969, well before the IETF was created. Originally they were technical memos documenting aspects of ARPANET development and were edited by Jon Postel, the first RFC Editor.

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History of the Internet

Context: ISOC provides financial and organizational support to and promotes the work of the standards settings bodies for which it is the organizational home: the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF). ISOC also promotes understanding and appreciation of the Internet model of open, transparent processes and consensus-based decision-making.

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History of the Internet

Context: The IETF, with financial and organizational support from the Internet Society, continues to serve as the Internet's ad-hoc standards body and issues Request for Comments.

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History of the Internet

Context: Due to its prominence and immediacy as an effective means of mass communication, the Internet has also become more politicized as it has grown. This has led in turn, to discourses and activities that would once have taken place in other ways, migrating to being mediated by internet.

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History of the Internet

Context: Examples include political activities such as public protest and canvassing of support and votes, but also:

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History of the Internet

Context: On February 26, 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by applying Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 of the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech. They both stand for the same concept."

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History of the Internet

Context: On March 12, 2015, the FCC released the specific details of the net neutrality rules. On April 13, 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new "Net Neutrality" regulations.

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History of the Internet

Context: On December 14, 2017, the FCC repealed their March 12, 2015 decision by a 3–2 vote regarding net neutrality rules.

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History of the Internet

Context: E-mail has often been called the killer application of the Internet. It predates the Internet, and was a crucial tool in creating it. Email started in 1965 as a way for multiple users of a time-sharing mainframe computer to communicate. Although the history is undocumented, among the first systems to have such a facility were the System Development Corporation (SDC) Q32 and the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) at MIT.

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History of the Internet

Context: The ARPANET computer network made a large contribution to the evolution of electronic mail. An experimental inter-system transferred mail on the ARPANET shortly after its creation. In 1971 Ray Tomlinson created what was to become the standard Internet electronic mail addressing format, using the @ sign to separate mailbox names from host names.

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History of the Internet

Context: A number of protocols were developed to deliver messages among groups of time-sharing computers over alternative transmission systems, such as UUCP and IBM's VNET email system. Email could be passed this way between a number of networks, including ARPANET, BITNET and NSFNET, as well as to hosts connected directly to other sites via UUCP. See the history of SMTP protocol.

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History of the Internet

Context: In 1999, Napster became the first peer-to-peer file sharing system. Napster used a central server for indexing and peer discovery, but the storage and transfer of files was decentralized. A variety of peer-to-peer file sharing programs and services with different levels of decentralization and anonymity followed, including: Gnutella, eDonkey2000, and Freenet in 2000, FastTrack, Kazaa, Limewire, and BitTorrent in 2001, and Poisoned in 2003.

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History of the Internet

Context: File hosting allowed for people to expand their computer's hard drives and "host" their files on a server. Most file hosting services offer free storage, as well as larger storage amount for a fee. These services have greatly expanded the internet for business and personal use.

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History of the Internet

Context: Google Drive, launched on April 24, 2012, has become the most popular file hosting service. Google Drive allows users to store, edit, and share files with themselves and other users. Not only does this application allow for file editing, hosting, and sharing. It also acts as Google's own free-to-access office programs, such as Google Docs, Google Slides, and Google Sheets. This application served as a useful tool for University professors and students, as well as those who are in need of Cloud storage.

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History of the Internet

Context: Dropbox, released in June 2007 is a similar file hosting service that allows users to keep all of their files in a folder on their computer, which is synced with Dropbox's servers. This differs from Google Drive as it is not web-browser based. Now, Dropbox works to keep workers and files in sync and efficient.

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History of the Internet

Context: Mega, having over 200 million users, is an encrypted storage and communication system that offers users free and paid storage, with an emphasis on privacy. Being three of the largest file hosting services, Google Drive, Dropbox, and Mega all represent the core ideas and values of these services.

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History of the Internet

Context: The earliest form of online piracy began with a P2P (peer to peer) music sharing service named Napster, launched in 1999. Sites like LimeWire, The Pirate Bay, and BitTorrent allowed for anyone to engage in online piracy, sending ripples through the media industry. With online piracy came a change in the media industry as a whole.

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History of the Internet

Context: There are nearly insurmountable problems in supplying a historiography of the Internet's development. The process of digitization represents a twofold challenge both for historiography in general and, in particular, for historical communication research. A sense of the difficulty in documenting early developments that led to the internet can be gathered from the quote:

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The Simpsons

Context: The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of American life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie. The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society, television, and the human condition.

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The Simpsons

Context: The family also owns a dog, Santa's Little Helper, and a cat, Snowball V, renamed Snowball II in "I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot". Both pets have had starring roles in several episodes.

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The Simpsons

Context: The creators originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town. A number of them have gained expanded roles and subsequently starred in their own episodes. According to Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the comedy show "SCTV".

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: At the end of 2007, the writers of "The Simpsons" went on strike together with the other members of the Writers Guild of America, East. The show's writers had joined the guild in 1998.

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The Simpsons

Context: Episodes will quite often feature guest voices from a wide range of professions, including actors, athletes, authors, bands, musicians and scientists. In the earlier seasons, most of the guest stars voiced characters, but eventually more started appearing as themselves. Tony Bennett was the first guest star to appear as himself, appearing briefly in the season two episode "Dancin' Homer". "The Simpsons" holds the world record for "Most Guest Stars Featured in a Television Series".

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: Several different U.S. and international studios animate "The Simpsons". Throughout the run of the animated shorts on "The Tracey Ullman Show", the animation was produced domestically at Klasky Csupo. With the debut of the series, because of an increased workload, Fox subcontracted production to several local and foreign studios. These are AKOM, Anivision, Rough Draft Studios, USAnimation, and Toonzone Entertainment.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: The production staff at the U.S. animation studio, Film Roman, draws storyboards, designs new characters, backgrounds, props and draws character and background layouts, which in turn become animatics to be screened for the writers at Gracie Films for any changes to be made before the work is shipped overseas. The overseas studios then draw the inbetweens, ink and paint, and render the animation to tape before it is shipped back to the United States to be delivered to Fox three to four months later.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: The series began high-definition production in Season 20; the first episode, "Take My Life, Please", aired February 15, 2009. The move to HDTV included a new opening sequence. Matt Groening called it a complicated change because it affected the timing and composition of animation.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: "The Simpsons" opening sequence is one of the show's most memorable hallmarks. The standard opening has gone through three iterations (a replacement of some shots at the start of the second season, and a brand new sequence when the show switched to high-definition in 2009).

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: One of the most distinctive aspects of the opening is that three of its elements change from episode to episode: Bart writes different things on the school chalkboard, Lisa plays different solos on her saxophone (or occasionally a different instrument), and different gags accompany the family as they enter their living room to sit on the couch.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: One of Bart's early hallmarks was his prank calls to Moe's Tavern owner Moe Szyslak in which Bart calls Moe and asks for a gag name. Moe tries to find that person in the bar, but soon realizes it is a prank call and angrily threatens Bart. These calls were apparently based on a series of prank calls known as the Tube Bar recordings, though Groening has denied any causal connection.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: "The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Quotations" includes several quotations from the show. As well as "cheese-eating surrender monkeys", Homer's lines, "Kids, you tried your best and you failed miserably. The lesson is never try", from "Burns' Heir" (season five, 1994) as well as "Kids are the best, Apu. You can teach them to hate the things you hate. And they practically raise themselves, what with the Internet and all", from "Eight Misbehavin' (season 11, 1999), entered the dictionary in August 2007.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: Many quotes/scenes have become popular Internet memes, including Jasper Beardley's quote "That's a paddlin from "The PTA Disbands" (season 6, 1995) and "Steamed Hams" from "22 Short Films About Springfield" (season 7, 1996).

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: The cable television network FXX, a sibling of 20th Television and formerly the Fox network, has exclusive cable and digital syndication rights for "The Simpsons." Original contracts had previously stated that syndication rights for "The Simpsons" would not be sold to cable until the series conclusion, at a time when cable syndication deals were highly rare. The series has been syndicated to local broadcast stations in nearly all markets throughout the United States since September 1994.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: After Disney acquired both 20th Television and FX Networks, it was announced that "The Simpsons" would air on the company's Freeform channel starting October 2, 2019.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: The season 3 premiere "Stark Raving Dad", which features Michael Jackson as the voice of Leon Kompowsky, was pulled out of rotation in 2019 by Matt Groening, James L. Brooks and Al Jean after HBO aired the documentary "Leaving Neverland", in which two men share details into how Jackson allegedly abused them as children. It is therefore unavailable on Disney+. However, the episode is still available on "The Complete Third Season" DVD box set released on August 26, 2003.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: In July 2017, all episodes from seasons 4 to 19 were made available for purchase on the iTunes Store in Canada.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: As of the twenty-first season (2009–2010), "The Simpsons" became the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, having surpassed the 1955–1975 run of "Gunsmoke". On April 29, 2018, "The Simpsons" also surpassed "Gunsmoke"s 635-episode count with the episode "Forgive and Regret."

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: "The Simpsons" is both the longest-running and the highest ranking animated series to feature on TV Time's top 50 most followed TV shows ever.

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: In a 2021 interview with "NME", Jean was quoted as saying, "To people who say "The Simpsons" isn't as good as it used to be, I would say I think the world isn't as good as it used to be. But we're declining at a slower rate".

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


The Simpsons

Context: In 2003, about 500 companies around the world were licensed to use "Simpsons" characters in their advertising. As a promotion for "The Simpsons Movie", twelve 7-Eleven stores were transformed into Kwik-E-Marts and sold "The Simpsons" related products. These included "Buzz Cola", "Krusty-O" cereal, pink doughnuts with sprinkles, and "Squishees".

Question: متى تم عرض مسلسل سمبسون لي أول مرة ؟


Rosetta

Context: Rosetta or Rashid (; "" ;   ; "ti-Rashit", Ancient Greek: Βολβιτίνη "Bolbitinē") is a port city of the Nile Delta, east of Alexandria, in Egypt's Beheira governorate. The Rosetta Stone was discovered there in 1799.

Question: متى تأسست مدينة الرشيد ؟


Rosetta

Context: Founded around in the 9th century, Rosetta boomed with the decline of Alexandria following the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, only to wane in importance after Alexandria's revival. During the 19th century, it was a popular British tourist destination, known for its Ottoman mansions, citrus groves and relative cleanliness.

Question: متى تأسست مدينة الرشيد ؟


Rosetta

Context: The name of the town most likely comes from an Arabic name "Rašīd" (meaning "guide") and was transcribed and corrupted in numerous ways – the name "Rexi" was used by the Crusaders in Middle Ages and "Rosetta" or "Rosette" ("little rose" in Italian and French respectively) was used by the French at the time of Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in Egypt. The latter lent its name to the Rosetta Stone (), which was found by French soldiers at the nearby Fort Julien in 1799.

Question: متى تأسست مدينة الرشيد ؟


Rosetta

Context: There is no evidence that the city's name comes from Egyptian, and the Coptic form most likely is just a late transcription of the Arabic name.

Question: متى تأسست مدينة الرشيد ؟


Rosetta

Context: Following the establishment of the Fatimid state in 969, and the establishment of the city of Cairo as the new capital of the country, foreign trade was active that was no longer limited to Alexandria only. Rather, Rashid and Damietta participated in it, especially in the beginnings of the Fatimid state, which made urbanism restart.

Question: متى تأسست مدينة الرشيد ؟


Rosetta

Context: Under the Mamelukes, the city became an important commercial center, and remained so throughout Ottoman rule, until the eventual resurgence of the importance of Alexandria following the construction of the Mahmoudiyah canal in 1820.

Question: متى تأسست مدينة الرشيد ؟


Rosetta

Context: Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh), but blowing winds from the Mediterranean Sea greatly moderate the temperatures, typical to the Egypt's north coast, making its summers moderately hot and humid, with winters that are mild and moderately wet when sleet and hail are also common.

Question: متى تأسست مدينة الرشيد ؟


Rosetta

Context: Rafah, Alexandria, Abu Qir, Rosetta, Baltim, Kafr el-Dawwar and Mersa Matruh are the wettest places in Egypt.

Question: متى تأسست مدينة الرشيد ؟


James Bradley

Context: He took orders on becoming vicar of Bridstow in Herefordshire in the following year, and a small sinecure living in Wales was also procured for him by his friend Samuel Molyneux. He resigned his ecclesiastical preferments in 1721, when appointed to the Savilian chair of astronomy at Oxford, while as reader on experimental philosophy from 1729 to 1760, he delivered 79 courses of lectures at the Ashmolean Museum.

Question: من هو العالم الذي ينسب اليه اكتساف نوسان الأرض؟


James Bradley

Context: In 1742, Bradley was appointed to succeed Edmond Halley as Astronomer Royal; his reputation enabled him to apply successfully for a set of instruments costing £1,000; and with an 8-foot quadrant completed for him in 1750 by John Bird, he accumulated at Greenwich in ten years materials of inestimable value for the reform of astronomy. A crown pension of £250 a year was conferred upon him in 1752.

Question: من هو العالم الذي ينسب اليه اكتساف نوسان الأرض؟


James Bradley

Context: Bradley retired in broken health, nine years later, to the Cotswold village of Chalford in Gloucestershire. He had medical attention from a local doctor, and Daniel Lysons from Oxford. He died at Skiveralls House on 13 July 1762. He was buried in the churchyard of Holy Trinity church, Minchinhampton in Gloucestershire. His wife died before him, in 1757. He was survived by one daughter.

Question: من هو العالم الذي ينسب اليه اكتساف نوسان الأرض؟


James Bradley

Context: In 1722 Bradley measured the angular diameter of Venus with a large aerial telescope with an objective focal length of .

Question: من هو العالم الذي ينسب اليه اكتساف نوسان الأرض؟


James Bradley

Context: Bradley's discovery of the aberration of light was made while attempting to detect stellar parallax. Bradley worked with Samuel Molyneux until Molyneux's death in 1728, trying to measure the parallax of Gamma Draconis.

Question: من هو العالم الذي ينسب اليه اكتساف نوسان الأرض؟


James Bradley

Context: Calculation showed that if there had been any appreciable motion due to parallax, then the star should have reached its most southerly apparent position in December, and its most northerly apparent position in June. What Bradley found instead was an apparent motion that reached its most southerly point in March, and its most northerly point in September; and that could not be accounted for by parallax: the cause of a motion with the pattern actually seen was at first obscure.

Question: من هو العالم الذي ينسب اليه اكتساف نوسان الأرض؟


James Bradley

Context: This discovery of what became known as the aberration of light was, for all realistic purposes, conclusive evidence for the movement of the Earth, and hence for the correctness of Aristarchus', Copernicus', and Kepler's theories; it was announced to the Royal Society in January 1729. The theory of the aberration also gave Bradley a means to improve on the accuracy of the previous estimate of the speed of light, which had previously been estimated by the work of Ole Rømer and others.

Question: من هو العالم الذي ينسب اليه اكتساف نوسان الأرض؟


James Bradley

Context: The publication of Bradley's observations was delayed by disputes about their ownership; but they were finally issued by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, in two folio volumes (1798, 1805). The insight and industry of Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel were, however, needed for the development of their fundamental importance.

Question: من هو العالم الذي ينسب اليه اكتساف نوسان الأرض؟


Israel

Context: In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state, and as the . The country has a parliamentary system, proportional representation, and universal suffrage. The prime minister serves as head of government and the Knesset is the unicameral legislature. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with a population of over 9 million people . It has the world's 29th-largest economy by nominal GDP, and ranks nineteenth in the Human Development Index.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: The oldest evidence of early humans in the territory of modern Israel, dating to 1.5 million years ago, was found in Ubeidiya near the Sea of Galilee. Other notable Paleolithic sites include the caves Tabun, Qesem and Manot. The oldest fossils of anatomically modern humans found outside Africa are the Skhul and Qafzeh hominins, who lived in the area that is now northern Israel 120,000 years ago. Around 10th millennium BCE, the Natufian culture existed in the area.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: The Kingdom of Israel was the more prosperous of the two kingdoms and soon developed into a regional power; during the days of the Omride dynasty, it controlled Samaria, Galilee, the upper Jordan Valley, the Sharon and large parts of the Transjordan. It was destroyed around 720 BCE, when it was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Kingdom of Judah later became a client state of first the Neo-Assyrian Empire and then the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: In 634–641 CE, the region, including Jerusalem, was conquered by the Arabs who had recently adopted Islam. Control of the region transferred between the Rashidun Caliphs, Umayyads, Abbasids, Fatimids, Seljuks, Crusaders, and Ayyubids throughout the next three centuries.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Thanks to Joseph Saragossi who had arrived in the closing years of the 15th century, Safed and its environs had developed into the largest concentration of Jews in Palestine. With the help of the Sephardic immigration from Spain, the Jewish population had increased to 10,000 by the early 16th century.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: After a year of fighting, a ceasefire was declared and temporary borders, known as the Green Line, were established. Jordan annexed what became known as the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Egypt occupied the Gaza Strip. The UN estimated that more than 700,000 Palestinians were expelled by or fled from advancing Israeli forces during the conflict—what would become known in Arabic as the "Nakba" ("catastrophe"). Some 156,000 remained and became Arab citizens of Israel.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Israel is located in the Levant area of the Fertile Crescent region. The country is at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, bounded by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank to the east, and Egypt and the Gaza Strip to the southwest. It lies between latitudes 29° and 34° N, and longitudes 34° and 36° E.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: There are four different phytogeographic regions in Israel, due to the country's location between the temperate and tropical zones, bordering the Mediterranean Sea in the west and the desert in the east. For this reason, the flora and fauna of Israel are extremely diverse. There are 2,867 known species of plants found in Israel. Of these, at least 253 species are introduced and non-native. There are 380 Israeli nature reserves.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: The Israeli Ministry of Environmental Protection has reported that climate change "will have a decisive impact on all areas of life, including: water, public health, agriculture, energy, biodiversity, coastal infrastructure, economics, nature, national security, and geostrategy", and will have the greatest effect on vulnerable populations such as the poor, the elderly, and the chronically ill.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Israel has four major metropolitan areas: Gush Dan (Tel Aviv metropolitan area; population 3,854,000), Jerusalem metropolitan area (population 1,253,900), Haifa metropolitan area (population 924,400), and Beersheba metropolitan area (population 377,100).

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Israel's largest municipality, in population and area, is Jerusalem with residents in an area of . Israeli government statistics on Jerusalem include the population and area of East Jerusalem, which is widely recognized as part of the Palestinian territories under Israeli occupation. Tel Aviv and Haifa rank as Israel's next most populous cities, with populations of and , respectively.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Israel has 16 cities with populations over 100,000. In all, there are 77 Israeli localities granted "municipalities" (or "city") status by the Ministry of the Interior, four of which are in the West Bank. Two more cities are planned: Kasif, a planned city to be built in the Negev, and Harish, originally a small town that is being built into a large city since 2015.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Israel has one official language, Hebrew. Arabic had been an official language of the State of Israel; in 2018 to having a 'special status in the state' with its use by state institutions to be set in law. Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken every day by the majority of the population. Arabic is spoken by the Arab minority, with Hebrew taught in Arab schools.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Israel comprises a major part of the Holy Land, a region of significant importance to all Abrahamic religions – Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Druze and Baháʼí Faith.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: The religious affiliation of Israeli Jews varies widely: a social survey from 2016 made by Pew Research indicates that 49% self-identify as Hiloni (secular), 29% as Masorti (traditional), 13% as Dati (religious) and 9% as Haredi (ultra-Orthodox). Haredi Jews are expected to represent more than 20% of Israel's Jewish population by 2028.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Israel is a parliamentary democracy with universal suffrage. A member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority becomes the prime minister—usually this is the chair of the largest party. The prime minister is the head of government and head of the cabinet.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: The Basic Laws of Israel function as an uncodified constitution. In 2003, the Knesset began to draft an official constitution based on these laws.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Israel has no official religion, but the definition of the state as "Jewish and democratic" creates a strong connection with Judaism, as well as a conflict between state law and religious law. Interaction between the political parties keeps the balance between state and religion largely as it existed during the British Mandate.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: On 19 July 2018, the Israeli Parliament passed a Basic Law that characterizes the State of Israel as principally a "," and Hebrew as its official language. The bill ascribes "special status" to the Arabic language. The same bill gives Jews a unique right to national self-determination, and views the developing of Jewish settlement in the country as "a national interest," empowering the government to "take steps to encourage, advance and implement this interest."

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Tourism, especially religious tourism, is an important industry in Israel, with the country's temperate climate, beaches, archaeological, other historical and biblical sites, and unique geography also drawing tourists. Israel's security problems have taken their toll on the industry, but the number of incoming tourists is on the rebound. In 2017, a record of 3.6 million tourists visited Israel, yielding a 25 percent growth since 2016 and contributed NIS 20 billion to the Israeli economy.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Ten Israeli films have been final nominees for Best Foreign Language Film at the Academy Awards since the establishment of Israel. The 2009 movie "Ajami" was the third consecutive nomination of an Israeli film. Palestinian Israeli filmmakers have made a number of films dealing with the Arab-Israeli conflict and the status of Palestinians within Israel, such as Mohammed Bakri's 2002 film "Jenin, Jenin" and "The Syrian Bride".

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Continuing the strong theatrical traditions of the Yiddish theatre in Eastern Europe, Israel maintains a vibrant theatre scene. Founded in 1918, Habima Theatre in Tel Aviv is Israel's oldest repertory theater company and national theater.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Israel

Context: Israel has the highest number of museums per capita in the world. Several Israeli museums are devoted to Islamic culture, including the Rockefeller Museum and the L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art, both in Jerusalem. The Rockefeller specializes in archaeological remains from the Ottoman and other periods of Middle East history. It is also the home of the first hominid fossil skull found in Western Asia, called Galilee Man. A cast of the skull is on display at the Israel Museum.

Question: كم تبلغ عدد قوات الجيش الإسرائيليي ؟


Jerusalem

Context: A city called "Rušalim" in the execration texts of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (c. 19th century BCE) is widely, but not universally, identified as Jerusalem. Jerusalem is called "Urušalim" in the Amarna letters of Abdi-Heba (1330s BCE).

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The name "Jerusalem" is variously etymologized to mean "foundation (Semitic "yry"' 'to found, to lay a cornerstone') of the god Shalem"; the god Shalem was thus the original tutelary deity of the Bronze Age city.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Shalim or Shalem was the name of the god of dusk in the Canaanite religion, whose name is based on the same root S-L-M from which the Hebrew word for "peace" is derived ("Shalom" in Hebrew, cognate with Arabic "Salam"). The name thus offered itself to etymologizations such as "The City of Peace", "Abode of Peace", "Dwelling of Peace" ("founded in safety"), or "Vision of Peace" in some Christian authors.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The ending "-ayim" indicates the dual, thus leading to the suggestion that the name "Yerushalayim" refers to the fact that the city initially sat on two hills.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The form "Yerushalem" or "Yerushalayim" first appears in the Bible, in the Book of Joshua. According to a Midrash, the name is a combination of two names united by God, "Yireh" ("the abiding place", the name given by Abraham to the place where he planned to sacrifice his son) and "Shalem" ("Place of Peace", the name given by high priest Shem).

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: One of the earliest extra-biblical Hebrew writing of the word Jerusalem is dated to the sixth or seventh century BCE and was discovered in Khirbet Beit Lei near Beit Guvrin in 1961. The inscription states: "I am Yahweh thy God, I will accept the cities of Judah and I will redeem Jerusalem", or as other scholars suggest: "Yahweh is the God of the whole earth. The mountains of Judah belong to him, to the God of Jerusalem". An older example on papyrus is known from the previous century.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In extra-biblical inscriptions, the earliest known example of the "-ayim" ending was discovered on a column about 3 km west of ancient Jerusalem, dated to the first century BCE.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: An ancient settlement of Jerusalem, founded as early as the Bronze Age on the hill above the Gihon Spring, was, according to the Bible, named Jebus. Called the "Fortress of Zion" ("metsudat Zion"), it was renamed as the "City of David", and was known by this name in antiquity. Another name, "Zion", initially referred to a distinct part of the city, but later came to signify the city as a whole, and afterwards to represent the whole biblical Land of Israel.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In Greek and Latin, the city's name was transliterated "Hierosolyma" (Greek: Ἱεροσόλυμα; in Greek "hieròs", "ἱερός", means holy), although the city was renamed Aelia Capitolina for part of the Roman period of its history.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: For historians and archaeologists, it is Jerusalem's South-East Hill, known as the City of David, that is taken into consideration when discussing the age of Jerusalem, since it is the most widely accepted site considered to be where permanent settlement began in ancient Jerusalem.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Shuafat has an intermittent settlement history, in part from periods other than Jerusalem's, with 7,000-year-old architectural findings from the Chalcolithic, then from the Second Temple period (2nd–1st century BCE, a fortified agricultural settlement) and the short period between the end of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–70) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135), being re-inhabited on a smaller scale during the 2nd–4th centuries CE.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The South-Eastern Hill, the location of the City of David archaeological site, is the initial nucleus of historical Jerusalem. There, the Gihon Spring attracted shepherds who camped near the water between 6000 and 7000 years ago, leaving behind ceramics and flint artifacts during the Chalcolithic, or Copper Age (c. 4500–3500 BCE).

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Permanent houses only appeared on the South-Eastern Hill several centuries later, with a small village emerging around 3000–2800 BCE, during the Early Bronze Age I or II. Some call the site of this first settlement, the Ophel ridge. The city's inhabitants at this time were Canaanites, who are believed by scholars to have evolved into the Israelites via the development of a distinct Yahweh-centric monotheistic belief system.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The Execration Texts (c. 19th century BCE), which refer to a city called "rwš3lmm", variously transcribed as "Rušalimum"/"Urušalimum"/"Rôsh-ramen" and the Amarna letters (c. 14th century BCE) may be the earliest mention of the city. Nadav Na'aman argues its fortification as the centre of a kingdom dates to around the 18th century BCE.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In the Late Bronze Age (c. 1550-1200 BCE), Jerusalem was the capital of an Egyptian vassal city-state, a modest settlement governing a few outlying villages and pastoral areas, with a small Egyptian garrison and ruled by appointees such as king Abdi-Heba, At the time of Seti I (r. 1290–1279 BCE) and Ramesses II (r. 1279–1213 BCE), major construction took place as prosperity increased.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: When the Assyrians conquered the Kingdom of Israel in 722 BCE, Jerusalem was strengthened by a great influx of refugees from the northern kingdom.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The First Temple period ended around 586 BCE, as Nebuchadnezzar's Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and laid waste to Solomon's Temple and the city.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: This period, when Canaan formed part of the Egyptian empire, corresponds in biblical accounts to Joshua's invasion, but almost all scholars agree that the Book of Joshua holds little historical value for early Israel.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In 538 BCE, the Persian King Cyrus the Great invited the Jews of Babylon to return to Judah to rebuild the Temple. Construction of the Second Temple was completed in 516 BCE, during the reign of Darius the Great, 70 years after the destruction of the First Temple.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Sometime soon after 485 BCE Jerusalem was besieged, conquered and largely destroyed by a coalition of neighbouring states. In about 445 BCE, King Artaxerxes I of Persia issued a decree allowing the city (including its walls) to be rebuilt. Jerusalem resumed its role as capital of Judah and center of Jewish worship.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In the 5th century, the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, ruled from the recently renamed Constantinople, maintained control of the city. Within the span of a few decades, Jerusalem shifted from Byzantine to Persian rule, then back to Roman-Byzantine dominion. Following Sassanid Khosrau II's early 7th century push through Syria, his generals Shahrbaraz and Shahin attacked Jerusalem () aided by the Jews of Palaestina Prima, who had risen up against the Byzantines.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem reached a peak in size and population at the end of the Second Temple Period, when the city covered and had a population of 200,000.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Over the next four hundred years, Jerusalem's prominence diminished as Arab powers in the region vied for control of the city. Jerusalem was captured in 1073 by the Seljuk Turkish commander Atsız. After Atsız was killed, the Seljuk prince Tutush I granted the city to Artuk Bey, another Seljuk commander. After Artuk's death in 1091 his sons Sökmen and Ilghazi governed in the city up to 1098 when the Fatimids recaptured the city.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: A messianic Karaite movement to gather in Jerusalem took place at the turn of the millennium, leading to a "Golden Age" of Karaite scholarship there, which was only terminated by the Crusades.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: From 1229 to 1244, Jerusalem peacefully reverted to Christian control as a result of a 1229 treaty agreed between the crusading Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and al-Kamil, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, that ended the Sixth Crusade. The Ayyubids retained control of the Muslim holy places, and Arab sources suggest that Frederick was not permitted to restore Jerusalem's fortifications.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In 1244, Jerusalem was sacked by the Khwarezmian Tatars, who decimated the city's Christian population and drove out the Jews. The Khwarezmian Tatars were driven out by the Ayyubids in 1247.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: From 1260 to 1516/17, Jerusalem was ruled by the Mamluks. In the wider region and until around 1300, many clashes occurred between the Mamluks on one side, and the crusaders and the Mongols, on the other side. The area also suffered from many earthquakes and black plague. When Nachmanides visited in 1267 he found only two Jewish families, in a population of 2,000, 300 of whom were Christians, in the city. The well-known and far-traveled lexicographer Fairuzabadi (1329–1414) spent ten years in Jerusalem.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In 1917 after the Battle of Jerusalem, the British Army, led by General Edmund Allenby, captured the city. In 1922, the League of Nations at the Conference of Lausanne entrusted the United Kingdom to administer Palestine, neighbouring Transjordan, and Iraq beyond it.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: After the establishment of the state of Israel, Jerusalem was declared its capital city. Jordan formally annexed East Jerusalem in 1950, subjecting it to Jordanian law, and in 1953 declared it the "second capital" of Jordan. Only the United Kingdom and Pakistan formally recognized such annexation, which, in regard to Jerusalem, was on a "de facto" basis. Some scholars argue that the view that Pakistan recognized Jordan's annexation is dubious.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: During the 1948 war, the Jewish residents of Eastern Jerusalem were expelled by Jordan's Arab Legion. Jordan allowed Arab Palestinian refugees from the war to settle in the vacated Jewish Quarter, which became known as "Harat al-Sharaf". In 1966 the Jordanian authorities relocated 500 of them to the Shua'fat refugee camp as part of plans to turn the Jewish quarter into a public park.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The annexation of East Jerusalem was met with international criticism. The Israeli Foreign Ministry disputes that the annexation of Jerusalem was a violation of international law. The final status of Jerusalem has been one of the most important areas of discord between Palestinian and Israeli negotiators for peace. Areas of discord have included whether the Palestinian flag can be raised over areas of Palestinian custodianship and the specificity of Israeli and Palestinian territorial borders.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Following the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel extended its jurisdiction and administration over East Jerusalem, establishing new municipal borders.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In April 2017, the Russian Foreign Ministry announced it viewed Western Jerusalem as Israel's capital in the context of UN-approved principles which include the status of East Jerusalem as the capital of the future Palestinian state. On 15 December 2018, Australia officially recognized West Jerusalem as Israel's capital, but said their embassy in Tel Aviv would stay until a two-state resolution was settled.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The Palestinian National Authority views East Jerusalem as occupied territory according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 242. The Palestinian Authority claims Jerusalem, including the Haram al-Sharif, as the capital of the State of Palestine, The PLO claims that West Jerusalem is also subject to permanent status negotiations. However, it has stated that it would be willing to consider alternative solutions, such as making Jerusalem an open city.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The PLO's position is that East Jerusalem, as defined by the pre-1967 municipal boundaries, shall be the capital of Palestine and West Jerusalem the capital of Israel, with each state enjoying full sovereignty over its respective part of the city and with its own municipality. A joint "development council" would be responsible for coordinated development.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Some states, such as Russia and China, recognize the Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital. United Nations General Assembly Resolution 58/292 affirmed that the Palestinian people have the right to sovereignty over East Jerusalem.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The Jerusalem City Council is a body of 31 elected members headed by the mayor, who serves a five-year term and appoints eight deputies. The former mayor of Jerusalem, Uri Lupolianski, was elected in 2003. In the November 2008 city elections, Nir Barkat was elected. In November 2018, Moshe Lion was elected mayor.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In biblical times, Jerusalem was surrounded by forests of almond, olive and pine trees. Over centuries of warfare and neglect, these forests were destroyed. Farmers in the Jerusalem region thus built stone terraces along the slopes to hold back the soil, a feature still very much in evidence in the Jerusalem landscape.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Water supply has always been a major problem in Jerusalem, as attested to by the intricate network of ancient aqueducts, tunnels, pools and cisterns found in the city.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem is east of Tel Aviv and the Mediterranean Sea. On the opposite side of the city, approximately away, is the Dead Sea, the lowest body of water on Earth. Neighboring cities and towns include Bethlehem and Beit Jala to the south, Abu Dis and Ma'ale Adumim to the east, Mevaseret Zion to the west, and Ramallah and Giv'at Ze'ev to the north.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Mount Herzl, at the western side of the city near the Jerusalem Forest, serves as the national cemetery of Israel.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The city is characterized by a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: "Csa"), with hot, dry summers, and mild, wet winters. Snow flurries usually occur once or twice a winter, although the city experiences heavy snowfall every three to four years, on average, with short-lived accumulation.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The highest recorded temperature in Jerusalem was on 28 and 30 August 1881, and the lowest temperature recorded was on 25 January 1907.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Most of the air pollution in Jerusalem comes from vehicular traffic. Many main streets in Jerusalem were not built to accommodate such a large volume of traffic, leading to traffic congestion and more carbon monoxide released into the air. Industrial pollution inside the city is sparse, but emissions from factories on the Israeli Mediterranean coast can travel eastward and settle over the city.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem's population size and composition has shifted many times over its 5,000-year history. Since medieval times, the Old City of Jerusalem has been divided into Jewish, Muslim, Christian, and Armenian quarters.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Most population data before 1905 is based on estimates, often from foreign travellers or organisations, since previous census data usually covered wider areas such as the Jerusalem District. These estimates suggest that since the end of the Crusades, Muslims formed the largest group in Jerusalem until the mid-nineteenth century.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Between 1838 and 1876, a number of estimates exist which conflict as to whether Jews or Muslims were the largest group during this period, and between 1882 and 1922 estimates conflict as to exactly when Jews became an absolute majority of the population.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Demographics and the Jewish-Arab population divide play a major role in the dispute over Jerusalem. In 1998, the Jerusalem Development Authority proposed expanding city limits to the west to include more areas heavily populated with Jews.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem had a population of 804,400 in 2011, of which Jews comprised 499,400 (62.1%), Muslims 281,100 (34.9%), Christians 14,700 (1.8%), and 9,000 (1.1%) were not classified by religion.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem had a population of 882,700 in 2016, of which Jews comprised 536,600 (60.8%), Muslims 319,800 (36.2%), Christians 15,800 (1.8%), and 10,300 unclassified (1.2%).

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: According to Peace Now, approvals for building in Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem have expanded by 60% since Trump became U.S. president in 2017. Since 1991, Palestinians who make up the majority of the residents in the area have only received 30% of the building permits.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem has been sacred to Judaism for roughly 3000 years, to Christianity for around 2000 years, and to Islam for approximately 1400 years. The 2000 Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem lists 1204 synagogues, 158 churches, and 73 mosques within the city. Despite efforts to maintain peaceful religious coexistence, some sites, such as the Temple Mount, have been a continuous source of friction and controversy.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Historically, Jerusalem's economy was supported almost exclusively by religious pilgrims, as it was far from the major ports of Jaffa and Gaza. Jerusalem's religious and cultural landmarks today remain the top draw for foreign visitors, with the majority of tourists visiting the Western Wall and the Old City, In 2010, Jerusalem was named the top leisure travel city in Africa and the Middle East by "Travel + Leisure magazine".

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem has traditionally had a low-rise skyline. About 18 tall buildings were built at different times in the downtown area when there was no clear policy over the matter. One of them, Holyland Tower 1, Jerusalem's tallest building, is a skyscraper by international standards, rising 32 stories. Holyland Tower 2, which has been approved for construction, will reach the same height.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem is served by highly developed communication infrastructures, making it a leading logistics hub for Israel.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Another work in progress is a new high-speed rail line from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, which became partially operational in 2018 and is expected to be completed in 2019. Its terminus will be a new underground station ( deep) serving the International Convention Center and the Central Bus Station, and is planned to be extended eventually to Malha station. Israel Railways operates train services to Malha train station from Tel Aviv via Beit Shemesh.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem is served by Ben Gurion Airport, some northwest of the Jerusalem, on the route to Tel Aviv. The Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway runs non-stop from Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station to the airport and began operation in 2018.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem is home to several prestigious universities offering courses in Hebrew, Arabic and English.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Other institutions of higher learning in Jerusalem are the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance and Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, whose buildings are located on the campuses of the Hebrew University.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem is the state broadcasting center of Israel. The Israel Broadcasting Authority's main office is located in Jerusalem, as well as the TV and radio studios for Israel Radio, Channel 2, Channel 10, and part of the radio studios of BBC News. The Jerusalem Post and The Times of Israel are also headquartered in Jerusalem. Local newspapers include Kol Ha'Ir and The Jerusalem Times. God TV, an international Christian television network is also based in the city.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: In basketball, Hapoel Jerusalem is one of the top teams in the top division. The club has won Israel's championship in 2015, the State Cup four times, and the ULEB Cup in 2004.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: The Jerusalem Marathon, established in 2011, is an international marathon race held annually in Jerusalem in the month of March. The full 42-kilometer race begins at the Knesset, passes through Mount Scopus and the Old City's Armenian Quarter, and concludes at Sacher Park. In 2012, the Jerusalem Marathon drew 15,000 runners, including 1,500 from fifty countries outside Israel.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Jerusalem

Context: A popular non-competitive sports event is the Jerusalem March, held annually during the Sukkot festival.

Question: ماهو تعداد سكان القدس ؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: Areas generally east of I-65 are above the flood plain, and are composed of gently rolling hills. The southernmost parts of Jefferson County are in the scenic and largely undeveloped Knobs region, which is home to Jefferson Memorial Forest.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: Another primary business and industrial district is located in the suburban area east of the city on Hurstbourne Parkway.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: Of the 287,012 households, 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were not families. About 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: The age distribution is 24.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.60 males.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: The median income for a household in 2017 was $51,960. For non-family households the median income was $32,446, and for family households was $67,965. In 2017, males had a median income of $36,326 while females had a median income of $30,464. The latest available data for per capita income comes from 2006, and was $23,304 for the county. About 9.5% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line in 2017, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those ages 65 or over.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: The city is home to two megachurches. Southeast Christian Church, with its main campus in Middletown and three others in the surrounding region, is, , the seventh-largest church in the United States. St. Stephen Church is the 38th largest in the US, and has the largest African American congregation in Kentucky.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: In September, in nearby Bardstown, is the annual Kentucky Bourbon Festival, which celebrates the history and art of distilling bourbon whiskey. The suburb of Jeffersontown is also the home of the annual Gaslight Festival, a series of events spread over a week. Attendance is estimated at 200,000-300,000 for the week.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: Another art-related event that occurs every month is the First Friday Hop. A free TARC bus takes art lovers to many downtown area (especially East Market District/NuLu) independent art galleries on the first Friday of every month.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: Iroquois Park is the home of the renovated Iroquois Amphitheater, which hosts a variety of musical concerts in a partially covered outdoor setting.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: Horse racing is also a major attraction. Churchill Downs is home to the Kentucky Derby, the largest sporting event in the state, as well as the Kentucky Oaks which together cap the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. Churchill Downs has also hosted the renowned Breeders' Cup on eight occasions, most recently in 2011.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: Further from the downtown area is the Jefferson Memorial Forest, which at is the largest municipal urban forest in the United States., The forest is designated as a National Audubon Society wildlife refuge and offers over of various hiking trails.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: Otter Creek Outdoor Recreation Area, owned and operated by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, is another large park in nearby Brandenburg, Kentucky. The park's namesake, Otter Creek, winds along the eastern side of the park. A scenic bend in the Ohio River, which divides Kentucky from Indiana, can be seen from northern overlooks within the park. The park is a mountain biking destination, with trails maintained by a local mountain bike organization.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: Violent crime is most concentrated west of downtown, especially in the Russell neighborhood. The West End, located north of Algonquin Parkway and West of 9th Street, had 32 of the city's 79 murders in 2007.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: WAVE 3, an NBC affiliate, was Kentucky's first TV station. Another prominent TV station is ABC affiliate WHAS 11, formerly owned by the (who also owned "The Courier-Journal"), which hosts the regionally notable annual fundraiser, the WHAS Crusade for Children. CBS affiliate WLKY 32 and Fox affiliate WDRB 41 (along with its dual The CW/MyNetworkTV affiliated sister station WBKI 58) round out the major television stations in the city.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: The most popular radio stations are WGZB-FM and 84 WHAS 840 AM. The latter was designated by the FCC as a clear-channel station, and was formerly owned by the Binghams (now iHeartMedia), and is a talk radio station that also broadcasts regional sports.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: The McAlpine Locks and Dam is located on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, near the downtown area. The locks were constructed to allow shipping past the Falls of the Ohio. In 2001 over 55 million tons of commodities passed through the locks.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Louisville, Kentucky

Context: In addition, Leeds has been recognized as a "friendship city". The two cities have engaged in many cultural exchange programs, particularly in the fields of nursing and law, and cooperated in several private business developments, including the Frazier History Museum.

Question: ما هي اكبر مدن ولاية كنتاكي؟


Rikers Island

Context: The net expansion of the island enabled the jail facilities to also expand. The original penitentiary building, completed in 1935, was called HDM or the House of Detention for Men; it became a maximum security facility called the James A. Thomas Center and closed due to structural issues in 2000.

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: During the AIDS crisis in the 1980s and 1990s, at the request of the Association for Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT) and the Executive Director Yolanda Serrano, the prison granted early release to terminal HIV-positive inmates so that they could die peacefully in their own homes.

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: The prison housed juvenile inmates until 2018. The move was prompted by a law passed by New York state in 2017 requiring that juvenile inmates under 18 be housed separately from adults.

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: In the months following, there had been plans to build an additional facility on the island that consisted of 1,500 beds. In November 2016, New York City Department of Correction Commissioner Joseph Ponte said, "As we look at construction and now with the...kind of the movement to close Rikers all those things politically have to be taken into consideration. So the 1,500 bed facility on Rikers is still at...at a kind of pause right now".

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: In February 2008, correctional officer Lloyd Nicholson was indicted after he allegedly used a select group of teenage inmates as enforcers under a regime called "the program", as well as allegedly beating inmates himself. However, "the program" has been known to exist for well over a decade and is unique to the adolescents. The inmates use it as a test for other inmates and a system of control amongst themselves.

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: A "Village Voice" article lists a roll call of 2008 scandals at Rikers, including the case of officers who allegedly passed accused cop killer Lee Woods marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol; the February indictment of correctional officer Lloyd Nicholson who used inmates as "enforcers", and the April 27 suicide of 18-year-old Steven Morales (who allegedly killed his infant daughter) in the high-security closed-custody unit.

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: Graham and Lewis were found guilty on all charges by a Bronx jury on May 14, 2012. It took the jury approximately three hours to deliberate a guilty verdict. Lewis was able to retire in December 2009 with her pension. Graham was terminated from the Department of Correction following the guilty verdict. Each faced up to four years in prison, however, Graham and Lewis were both sentenced to 500 hours of community service and ordered to pay $1,000.00 in fines on August 7, 2012, when they were sentenced.

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: The solitary confinement unit at Rikers is commonly referred to as "Bing", the inmates kept there known as "Bing monsters".

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: Since 2014, Mayor de Blasio has begun to take action against the abuse by adding surveillance cameras and improving care for mentally ill prisoners.<ref name="NYT 11/20"></ref>

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: Jason Echevarria suffered from bipolar disorder and was housed in the unit reserved for mentally ill inmates. At one point, he had been placed in solitary confinement after several suicide attempts.

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: Terrence Pendergrass was demoted and suspended without pay, following the incident, and in December 2014, he was convicted of one count of denying Echevarria medical care, resulting in death. In June 2015, Terrence Pendergrass was sentenced to five years in prison. In November 2015, Echevarria's family was awarded a $3.8 million settlement regarding the matter.

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Rikers Island

Context: Bradley Ballard, who suffered from schizophrenia and diabetes, was sent to Rikers in June 2013 on a parole violation for failure to report an address change. In July, he was sent to the psychiatric prison ward at Bellevue Hospital Center, where he stayed for 38 days before being sent back to Rikers.

Question: ما هو أكبر سجن في العالم لسنة 2019؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: The Volcanic Seven Summits are the highest volcanoes on each of the seven continents, just as the Seven Summits are the highest peaks on each of the seven continents. Summiting all seven is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first postulated as such in 1999.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: Two of the Volcanic Seven Summits are also in the Seven Summits list. Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Elbrus, which were formed volcanically, are the highest peaks of their respective continents.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: Due to different interpretations of continental borders (geological, geographical, geopolitical) several definitions for the highest summits per continent and the number of continents are possible. The number of seven continents used here is based on the continent model used in Western Europe and the United States. The continents as defined here are on a geological and geographical basis, not geopolitical.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: No serious dispute exists as to the highest volcanoes in Africa, North America, and Antarctica—respectively, Kilimanjaro, Pico de Orizaba, and Mount Sidley.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: Although there are a few minor and inactive volcanoes on the Australian mainland, this list recognizes that the island of New Guinea is part of the Australian continent. Numerous scientific papers written in the 1970s and 1980s confirm that Mount Giluwe in Papua New Guinea is in fact an old eroded volcano,

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: Even if this continent is defined instead as Oceania (thus adding New Zealand and Polynesia including Hawaii), Giluwe remains the highest volcano since it exceeds the elevation of Mauna Kea in Hawaii and any volcano in New Zealand.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: The generally accepted geographical border between Europe and Asia runs along the crest of the Ural Mountains in central Russia and of the Caucasus along the southern border of Russia. Since the massive twin-peaked stratovolcano of Mount Elbrus rises just north of the crest, it is the highest summit in Europe and also the highest volcano.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: Although Aconcagua, the highest peak in South America and the highest peak in the western hemisphere, does have a volcanic origin, its current high point is due to geological processes rather than being strictly volcanic. Due to this, Aconcagua is not considered to be a volcano on its own, at least not as a member of Volcanic Seven Summits.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: Defining the second highest volcanoes on each continent is a bit more complicated, because the continental definitions become critical.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: The problem between Australia and Oceania: Mount Hagen in Papua New Guinea is certainly the second highest volcano on the Australian continent, but expanding the continental definition to span also the broad definition of Oceania drops Hagen to 4th behind Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on the Island of Hawaii.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: In Europe, Kazbek is the second highest volcano. It lies on the border of Russia and Georgia, whose European status is sometimes disputed, although Kazbek lies entirely on the European side of the Caucasus watershed. The Terek River rises to the south and west of Kazbek but drains northwards to Russia.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Volcanic Seven Summits

Context: Territory claimed by New Zealand. However, most nations do not recognize Antarctic territorial claims.

Question: اين توجد اعلى قمة بركان في العالم ؟


Lobes of liver

Context: The falciform ligament, visible on the front of the liver, makes a superficial division of the right and left lobes of the liver. From the underside, the two additional lobes are located on the right lobe. A line can be imagined running from the left of the vena cava and all the way forward to divide the liver and gallbladder into two halves. This line is called Cantlie's line and is used to mark the division between the two lobes.

Question: كم عدد قطع الكبد ؟


Lobes of liver

Context: The lobes of the liver are further divided into eight liver segments in the Couinaud system. These are also known as hepatic segments that are surgically resectable.

Question: كم عدد قطع الكبد ؟


Lobes of liver

Context: The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric, and left hypochondriac regions of the abdomen. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity.

Question: كم عدد قطع الكبد ؟


Lobes of liver

Context: The right lobe is six times the size of the left lobe. It occupies the right hypochondrium, on its posterior surface by the ligamentum venosum for the cranial (upper) half and by the ligamentum teres hepatis (Round ligament of liver) for the caudal (under) half. The ligamentum teres hepatis turns around the inferior margin of the liver to come out ventral in the falciform ligament.

Question: كم عدد قطع الكبد ؟


Lobes of liver

Context: The right lobe is functionally separated from the left lobe by the middle hepatic vein. From a functional perspective (one that takes the arterial, portal venous, and systemic venous anatomy into account) the falciform ligament separates the medial and lateral segments of the left hepatic lobe.

Question: كم عدد قطع الكبد ؟


Lobes of liver

Context: The right lobe is of a somewhat quadrilateral form. Its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the fossa for the portal vein, the fossa for the gall-bladder and the fossae for the inferior vena cava. These separate the right lobe into two smaller lobes on its left posterior part: the quadrate lobe and the caudate lobe.

Question: كم عدد قطع الكبد ؟


Lobes of liver

Context: The quadrate lobe is an area of the liver situated on the undersurface of the medial segment left lobe (Couinaud segment IVb), bounded in front by the anterior margin of the liver, behind by the porta hepatis, on the right by the fossa for the gall-bladder, and on the left by the fossa for the umbilical vein.

Question: كم عدد قطع الكبد ؟


Lobes of liver

Context: The caudate lobe (posterior hepatic segment I) is situated upon the posterosuperior surface of the liver on the right lobe of the liver, opposite the tenth and eleventh thoracic vertebrae.

Question: كم عدد قطع الكبد ؟


Lobes of liver

Context: Budd–Chiari syndrome, caused by occlusion of hepatic venous outflow, can lead to hypertrophy of the caudate lobe due to its own caval anastomosis that allows for continued function of this lobe of the liver.

Question: كم عدد قطع الكبد ؟


Book of Exodus

Context: God gives Moses instructions for the construction of the tabernacle so that God may dwell permanently among his chosen people, along with instructions for the priestly vestments, the altar and its appurtenances, procedures for ordination of priests, and the daily sacrifice offerings. Aaron becomes the first hereditary high priest. God gives Moses the two tablets of stone containing the words of the ten commandments, written with the "finger of God".

Question: ما هو ثاني أسفار العهد القديم التناخ؟


Book of Exodus

Context: While Moses is with God, Aaron casts a golden calf, which the people worship. God informs Moses of their apostasy and threatens to kill them all, but relents when Moses pleads for them. Moses comes down from the mountain, smashes the stone tablets in anger, and commands the Levites to massacre the unfaithful Israelites. God commands Moses to construct two new tablets. Moses ascends the mountain again, where God dictates the Ten Commandments for Moses to write on the tablets.

Question: ما هو ثاني أسفار العهد القديم التناخ؟


Book of Exodus

Context: Moses descends from the mountain with a transformed face; from that time onwards he must hide his face with a veil. Moses assembles the Hebrews and repeats to them the commandments he has received from God, which are to keep the Sabbath and to construct the Tabernacle. The Israelites do as they are commanded. From that time God dwells in the Tabernacle and orders the travels of the Hebrews.

Question: ما هو ثاني أسفار العهد القديم التناخ؟


Languages of Canada

Context: The following table details the population of each province and territory, with summary national totals, by mother tongue as reported in the Canada 2016 Census.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Source: Statistics Canada, "Mother tongue by age (Total), 2016 counts for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 Census ".

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: In 2011, 28.4 million Canadians had knowledge of English while only 21.6 million Canadians spoke it most often at home.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: The percentage of the population who speak French both by mother tongue and home language has decreased over the past three decades. Whereas the number of those who speak English at home is higher than the number of people whose mother tongue is English, the opposite is true for Francophones. There are fewer people who speak French at home, than learned French after birth.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: In 1991, due to linguistic assimilation of Francophones outside Quebec, over one million Canadians who claimed English as their mother tongue were of French ethnic origin (1991 Census).

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Bilingualism with regard to nonofficial languages also increased, most individuals speaking English plus an immigrant language such as Punjabi or Mandarin.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: English–French bilingualism is highest among members of local linguistic minorities. It is very uncommon for Canadians to be capable of speaking only the minority official language of their region (French outside Quebec or English in Quebec). Only 1.5% of Canadians are able to speak only the minority official language, and of these most (90%) live in the bilingual belt.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: As the table below shows, rates of bilingualism are much higher among individuals who belong to the linguistic minority group for their region of Canada, than among members of the local linguistic majority. For example, within Quebec around 37% of bilingual Canadians are Francophones, whereas Francophones only represent 4.5% of the population outside Quebec.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: French-speaking Canadians from outside Quebec and English-speaking Quebecers are, together, the official language minority communities. These communities are:

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Given the destruction of Indigenous state structures, academics usually classify Indigenous peoples of Canada by region into "culture areas", or by their language family.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: "Glottolog" 4.3 (2020) counted 13 independent Indigenous language families and/or isolates in Canada. A potential fourteenth family, that of the sign languages of the Plateau, possibly hosting languages like Secwepemcékst and Ktunaxa Sign Language, remains unlisted by Glottolog. It remains unknown to academia the extent which sign languages are spoken and how they relate to and across linguistic families.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Spoken until about 1760, this pidgin was spoken between Breton and Basque fishermen and NunatuKavummiut of NunatuKavut (Labrador).

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: A pidgin trade language based on Haida, known as Haida Jargon, was used in the 1830s in and around Haida Gwaii. It was used by speakers of English, Haida, Coast Tsimshian, Heiltsuk, and other languages.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: As a result of cultural contact between the Gwich'in (formerly called "Loucheaux") and Europeans (predominately French coureurs des bois and voyageurs), a pidgin language was historically used across Gwich'in Nành, Denendeh. The language is often called in English "Jargon Loucheux" using the traditional French syntax.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Michif (also known as Mitchif, Mechif, Michif-Cree, Métif, Métchif, and French Cree) is a mixed language which evolved within the Prairie Métis community. It is based on elements of Cree, Ojibwa, Assiniboine, and French. Michif is today spoken by less than 1,000 individuals in Saskatchewan, Manitoba and North Dakota. At its peak, around 1900, Michif was understood by perhaps three times this number.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Based in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and likely one precursor to Chinook Wawa, Nootka Jargon was a trade language derived from Nuučaan̓uł, English, Spanish, and Russian, as well as other local languages.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Spoken predominately in the Liard and Dehcho Countries of Denendeh, the nouns of the language generally consisted of English, Dënësųłınë́ Yatıé, Sahtúgot’įné / Shíhgot’įne Yatı̨́ / K’ashógot’įne Goxedǝ́, and Dene Yatıé/Zhatıé, whereas the verbs and pronouns are derived from French. Adverbs are typically pulled from Dënësųłınë́ and Gwich’in. There is, however, a lot of variation in Slavey Jargon. Gwich’in verbs can be mixed with French nouns or phonemically modified French sentences exist.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Spoken alongside the Basque/Breton–Inuit Belle Isle pidgin was another pidgin language that developed in the 16th century amongst the Basque in coastal areas along the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Strait of Belle Isle as the result of contact between Basque whalers and local Algonquian peoples, notably the Mi'kmaq. The name "Souriquois" has an obscure history and most likely refers to region around Souris and the Basque suffix "koa", perhaps from "zurikoa" “that of the whites."

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Born out of the Oneida Nation, OSL is a mixed language, descended primarily from both Prairie Sign Language (or Hand Talk) and the oral Oneida language, with some additions from ASL. Onʌyota'a:ká (or Oneida) Sign Language is a young and growing language, spreading especially amongst deaf Oneida citizens.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Inuit Sign Language, also known as Atgangmuurngniq or Uukturausingit, is a critically endangered language with some 50 speakers remaining. It is a language isolate and has only be found by researchers in Nunavut; however, there are theories it extends across the Arctic Circle. Little is known about its history, but efforts are being made to document and revitalize the language.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Maritime Sign Language is a BANZSL language. It was used as the language of education for Deaf populations in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island before ASL became available in the mid-20th century. It is still remembered by some elderly people but is moribund. The language, living alongside ASL, has produced a unique dialect of ASL in The Maritimes due to mixing of the languages. The exact number of speakers is unknown.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Another trade pidgin that may have become a separate language, Plateau Sign Language replaced Plains Sign Talk in the Columbia Plateau and surrounding regions of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. It is now extinct.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Called "ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam" in the Ktunaxa language, Ktunaxa Sign Language has historically been spoken in Ktunaxa ɁamakaɁis (Ktunaxa Country).

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Perhaps related to or descended from the old Plateau Sign Language, Secwepemcékst or Secwépemc Sign Language is spoken by a small number of Secwépemc citizens.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Acadian French is a unique form of Canadian French which incorporates not only distinctly Canadian phrases but also nautical terms, English loanwords, linguistic features found only in older forms of French as well as ones found in the Maritimer English dialect.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: A sub-dialect of Acadian French, Brayon French is spoken by those in Madawaska County of New Brunswick. The language is a mix of Acadian and Quebec French with influence from the local Mi'kmaw and Maliseet languages, with only slight differentiation from the more standard Acadian French.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: As the most spoken variety of French in Canada, Québec French contains a significant number of dialects, generally grouped in two: the "old" dialects of the territories at the time of the British conquest and the "new" dialects that arose post-conquest.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Around 1615 as the coureurs des bois moved past the city of Québec, those who settled in Ndakinna (Abenaki Country) developed unique features still found today, especially in the Bois-Francs region South of the St. Lawrence.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Originally the dialect of the French-speaking working class in Montréal, the cultural renaissance connected to the Quiet Revolution have resulted in Joual being spoken by people across the educational and economic spectrum.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Although quite similar to Québec French, the dialect of the Ontarois or Franco-Ontarians maintains distinctive features. These include the progressive disappearance of the subjunctive, the use of the possessive "á", the transfer of rules from English to French, e.g., "J’ai vu un film sur/à la télévision" which comes from "I saw a film on television", or "Je vais à la maison/chez moi" coming from "I'm going home," and the loaning of English conjunctions such as "so" for "ça fait que" or "alors".

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: use data from early recordings of African Nova Scotian English, Samaná English, and the recordings of former slaves to demonstrate that speech patterns were inherited from nonstandard colonial English. The dialect was extensively studied in 1992 by Shana Poplack and Sali Tagliamonte from the University of Ottawa.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: A commonality between African Nova Scotian English and African-American Vernacular English is (r)-deletion. This rate of deletion is 57% among Black Nova Scotians, and 60% among African Americans in Philadelphia. Meanwhile, in the surrounding mostly white communities of Nova Scotia, (r)-deletion does not occur.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: The varieties of English spoken by Indigenous people are phonologically influenced by their first or traditional languages. This has resulted in an identifiable dialect spectrum distinct from other Canadian English dialects. Due to the ongoing stigmatization of Indigenous cultures, Indigenous children could be wrongly diagnosed as having a speech impairment or a learning disability, when what is identified by medical professionals are simply the dialectal features.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Some written works use Indigenous English dialects. For example, Maria Campbell's "Stories of the Road Allowance People" is a collection of Métis folktales. An excerpt from that work illustrates the type of speech used by Elders in rural Métis communities during her research, but some stories were collected in Cree or other languages and translated into dialectical English by Campbell:

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Spoken across the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and PEI, this English dialect has been influenced by British and Irish English, Irish and Scottish Gaelic, and some Acadian French, as well as by Mi'kmawi'simk.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: It was not until the 1700s that social disruptions in Ireland sent thousands of Irish from the southeastern counties of Waterford, Wexford, Kilkenny, and Cork and to the Avalon peninsula in the eastern part of Newfoundland where significant Irish influence on the Newfoundland dialects may still be heard.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Some of the Irish immigrants to Newfoundland were native speakers of Irish making Newfoundland the only place outside Europe to have its own Irish dialect. Newfoundland was also the only place outside Europe to have its own distinct name in Irish: "Talamh an Éisc", which means 'land of the fish'. The Irish language is now extinct in Newfoundland.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Ottawa Valley Twang is the accent, sometimes referred to as a dialect of English, that is spoken in the Ottawa Valley, in Ontario. The Ottawa Valley is considered to be a linguistic enclave within Ontario.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: The language of English-speaking Quebecers generally aligns to Standard Canadian English, however established ethnic groups retain certain, distinctive lexical features, such as the dialects spoken by Mohawk, Cree, Inuit, Irish, Jewish, Italian, and Greek communities. Isolated fishing villages on the Basse-Côte-Nord speak Newfoundland English, and many Gaspesian English-speakers use Maritime English.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: In 1890, a private member's bill was tabled in the Canadian Senate, calling for Gaelic to be made Canada's third official language. However, the bill was defeated 42–7.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Newfoundland is home to the largest population of Irish-descendants in Canada and once hosted a thriving Irish Gaelic linguistic community. Although steep declines around the 20th century meant that the Irish language on the Island hardly remains, there exists today strong interest with consistent efforts to revive the language.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Events and institutions are increasingly supporting the language with ever larger Céilithe móra, students participating in Conradh na Gaeilge events, people playing Gaelic sports, and Irish film festivals attracting English- and Irish-speakers alike. There is also an Irish language instructor, appointed every year by the Ireland Canada University Foundation, who works at Memorial University in St. John's, where the university's Digital Learning Centre provides resources for learning the Irish language.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Some Welsh is found in Newfoundland. In part, this is as a result of Welsh settlement since the 17th century. Also, there was an influx of about 1,000 Patagonian Welsh, who migrated to Canada from Argentina after the 1982 Falklands War. Welsh-Argentines are fluent in Spanish as well as English and Welsh.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Canada is also home to Canadian Ukrainian, a distinct dialect of the Ukrainian language, spoken mostly in Western Canada by the descendants of first two waves of Ukrainian settlement in Canada who developed in a degree of isolation from their cousins in what was then Austria-Hungary, the Russian Empire, Poland, and the Soviet Union.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: Canada's Doukhobor community, especially in Grand Forks and Castlegar, British Columbia, has kept its distinct dialect of Russian. It has a lot in common with South Russian dialects, showing some common features with Ukrainian. This dialect's versions are becoming extinct in their home regions of Georgia and Russia where the Doukhobors have split into smaller groups.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: A variety of West Central German spoken by the Old Order Amish, Old Order Mennonites and other descendants of German immigrants in Canada, Pennsylvania Dutch or Deitsch is closely related to the Palatine dialects of the Upper Rhine Valley. Of the estimated 300,000 speakers, most are found across several US states, whilst there is a sizable community within Ontario.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: The public has the right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in either English or French. Immigrants who are applying for Canadian citizenship must normally be able to speak either English or French.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: The principles of bilingualism in Canada are protected in sections 16 to 23 of the "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms" of 1982 which establishes that:

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


Languages of Canada

Context: New Brunswick and Canada's three territories have all given official status to more than one language. In the case of New Brunswick, this means perfect equality. In the other cases, the recognition sometimes amounts to a formal recognition of official languages, but limited services in official languages other than English.

Question: ما هي اللغة الرسمية في كندا؟


El Escorial

Context: On 2 November 1984, UNESCO declared The Royal Seat of San Lorenzo of El Escorial a World Heritage Site. It is a popular tourist attraction, often visited by day-trippers from Madrid – more than 500,000 visitors come to El Escorial every year.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: The floor plan of the building is in the form of a gridiron. The traditional belief is that this design was chosen in honor of St. Lawrence, who, in the third century AD, was martyred by being roasted to death on a grill. St. Lawrence's feast day is 10 August, the same date as the 1557 Battle of St. Quentin.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: The Temple-of-Solomon design, if indeed it was the basis for El Escorial, was extensively modified to accommodate the additional functions Philip II intended the building to serve. Beside being a monastery, El Escorial is also a pantheon, a basilica, a convent, a school, a library, and a royal palace. All these functional demands resulted in a doubling of the building's size from the time of its original conception.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: To decorate the "reredos", the king's preferences had been Michelangelo or Titian, but both of these giants were already more than eighty years old and in frail health. Consequently, Philip consulted his foreign ambassadors for recommendations, and the result was a lengthy parade of the lesser European artists of that time, all swanning through the construction site at El Escorial seeking the king's favor.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: One chapel exhibits the famous "Crucifix" carved in white marble by Benvenuto Cellini. This statue of Christ is unusual because it was represented fully nude; although for modesty it wears one cloth covering the genitals.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: Situated next to the main altar of the Basilica, the residence of King Philip II consists of a series of austerely decorated rooms. It features a window from which the king could observe mass from his bed when incapacitated by the gout that afflicted him.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: The gallery was originally called the King's Gallery (Galería del Rey) but came to be known as the Hall of Battles (Sala de Batallas) for its fresco paintings depicting the most important Spanish military victories. These include a medieval victory over the Moors, as well as several of Philip's campaigns against the French.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: This chamber consists of twenty-six marble sepulchres containing the remains of the kings and queens regnant (the only queen regnant since Philip II being Isabella II) of the Habsburg and Bourbon dynasties, from Charles I to the present, except for Philip V and Ferdinand VI.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: The sepulchres also contain the remains of royal consorts who were parents of monarchs. The only king consort is Francis of Asis de Bourbon, husband of Queen Isabella II and father of Alphonse XII.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: The most recent monarch interred in the pantheon is King Alphonse XIII, removed there from the Church of Santa Maria in Monserrato, Rome in 1980. The remains of Alphonse XIII's wife, Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg were interred in the pantheon in 2011.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: There are two "pudrideros" at El Escorial, one for the Pantheon of the Kings and the other for the Pantheon of the Princes. These can only be visited by monks from the Monastery. In these rooms, the remains of the deceased are placed in a small leaden urn, which in turn will be placed in the marble sepulchres of the appropriate pantheon after the passage of fifty years, the estimated time necessary for the complete decomposition of the bodies.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: There has already been one exception to tradition: Elisabeth of Bourbon is for the moment the only queen in the pantheon who has not been mother to a king. That is because her only son, the presumed heir to the throne, died after her but before he could become king. But she is the great-grandmother of Philip V (by her daughter Maria Theresa of Spain) and she is an ancestor of the King of Spain.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: All of the wood used in El Escorial comes from the ancient forests of Sagua La Grande, on the so-called Golden Coast of Cuba.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: The pantheon's name in Spanish is Panteón de Infantes. Completed in 1888, this group of nine burial chapels is the final resting place of princes, princesses, and consorts other than the parents of monarchs. With floors and ceiling of white marble, the tomb of Prince John of Austria is especially notable.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: Among the more recent interments is that of Infante Alphonse in October 1992. The younger brother of King Juan Carlos I, he was buried originally in Portugal, after being killed in a still-mysterious 1956 shooting at the family home in Estoril.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: In 1994, King Juan Carlos I signed a decree raising his cousin and close personal friend Carlos, Duke of Calabria to the status of a Spanish "infante", making him eligible for interment in the Pantheon of the Princes. Upon his death in October 2015, his funeral was held at El Escorial and his body placed in the "pudridero", awaiting future interment in the pantheon.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: Consists of works of the German, Flemish, Venetian, Lombard, Ligurian and more Italian and Spanish schools from the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟


El Escorial

Context: Its eleven rooms showcase the tools, cranes and other materials used in the construction of the edifice, as well as reproductions of blueprints and documents related to the project.

Question: من هو المعماري الذي ينسب اليه تصميم  دير الإسكوريال في اسبانيا؟