John Stuart Mill

Context: The question of what counts as a self-regarding action and what actions, whether of omission or commission, constitute harmful actions subject to regulation, continues to exercise interpreters of Mill. He did not consider giving offence to constitute "harm"; an action could not be restricted because it violated the conventions or morals of a given society.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Mill believed that "the struggle between Liberty and Authority is the most conspicuous feature in the portions of history." For him, liberty in antiquity was a "contest…between subjects, or some classes of subjects, and the government."

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: However, in Mill's view, limiting the power of government was not enough:Society can and does execute its own mandates: and if it issues wrong mandates instead of right, or any mandates at all in things with which it ought not to meddle, it practises a social tyranny more formidable than many kinds of political oppression, since, though not usually upheld by such extreme penalties, it leaves fewer means of escape, penetrating much more deeply into the details of life, and enslaving the soul itself.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Mill's view on liberty, which was influenced by Joseph Priestley and Josiah Warren, is that individuals ought to be free to do as they wished unless they caused harm to others. Individuals are rational enough to make decisions about their well being. Government should interfere when it is for the protection of society. Mill explained:

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: At the beginning of the 20th century, Associate justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. made the standard of "clear and present danger" based on Mill's idea. In the majority opinion, Holmes writes:

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Holmes suggested that falsely shouting out "Fire!" in a dark theatre, which evokes panic and provokes injury, would be such a case of speech that creates an illegal danger. But if the situation allows people to reason by themselves and decide to accept it or not, any argument or theology should not be blocked.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Nowadays, Mill's argument is generally accepted by many democratic countries, and they have laws at least guided by the harm principle. For example, in American law some exceptions limit free speech such as obscenity, defamation, breach of peace, and "fighting words".

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: In 1850, Mill sent an anonymous letter (which came to be known under the title "The Negro Question"), in rebuttal to Thomas Carlyle's anonymous letter to "Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country" in which Carlyle argued for slavery. Mill supported abolishing slavery in the United States, expressing his opposition to slavery in his essay of 1869, "The Subjection of Women":

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: With this, Mill can be considered among the earliest male proponents of gender equality, having been recruited by American feminist, John Neal during his stay in London circa 1825–1827. His book "The Subjection of Women" (1861, publ.1869) is one of the earliest written on this subject by a male author. In "The Subjection of Women", Mill attempts to make a case for perfect equality.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Mill's view of opportunity stands out in its reach, but even more so for the population he foresees who could benefit from it. Mill was hopeful of the autonomy such an education could allow for its recipients and especially for women. Through the consequential sophistication and knowledge attained, individuals are able to properly act in ways that recedes away from those leading towards overpopulation.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: This stands directly in contrast with the view held by many of Mill’s contemporaries and predecessors who viewed such inclusive programs to be counter intuitive. Aiming such help at marginalized groups, such as the poor and working class, would only serve to reward them with the opportunity to move to a higher status, thus encouraging greater fertility which at its extreme could lead to overproduction.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: He talks about the role of women in marriage and how it must be changed. Mill comments on three major facets of women's lives that he felt are hindering them:

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: He argues that the oppression of women was one of the few remaining relics from ancient times, a set of prejudices that severely impeded the progress of humanity. As a Member of Parliament, Mill introduced an unsuccessful amendment to the Reform Bill to substitute the word "person" in place of "man".

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: The canonical statement of Mill's utilitarianism can be found in his book, "Utilitarianism". Although this philosophy has a long tradition, Mill's account is primarily influenced by Jeremy Bentham and Mill's father James Mill.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: This made Mill believe that "our only ultimate end" is happiness. One unique part of his utilitarian view, that is not seen in others, is the idea of higher and lower pleasures. Mill explains the different pleasures as:

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: He defines higher pleasures as mental, moral, and aesthetic pleasures, and lower pleasures as being more sensational. He believed that higher pleasures should be seen as preferable to lower pleasures since they have a greater quality in virtue. He holds that pleasures gained in activity are of a higher quality than those gained passively.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: In the General Remarks portion of his essay, he speaks how next to no progress has been made when it comes to judging what is right and what is wrong of morality and if there is such a thing as moral instinct (which he argues that there may not be). However, he agrees that in general "Our moral faculty, according to all those of its interpreters who are entitled to the name of thinkers, supplies us only with the general principles of moral judgments".

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Mill believed that for the majority of people (those with but a moderate degree of sensibility and of capacity for enjoyment) happiness is best achieved en passant, rather than striving for it directly. This meant no self-consciousness, scrutiny, self-interrogation, dwelling on, thinking about,

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: imagining or questioning on one's happiness. Then, if otherwise fortunately circumstanced, one would "inhale happiness with the air you breathe."

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Mill's early economic philosophy was one of free markets. However, he accepted interventions in the economy, such as a tax on alcohol, if there were sufficient utilitarian grounds. He also accepted the principle of legislative intervention for the purpose of animal welfare. He originally believed that "equality of taxation" meant "equality of sacrifice" and that progressive taxation penalized those who worked harder and saved more and was therefore "a mild form of robbery".

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Mill's "Principles", first published in 1848, was one of the most widely read of all books on economics in the period. As Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" had during an earlier period, "Principles" came to dominate economics teaching. In the case of Oxford University it was the standard text until 1919, when it was replaced by Marshall's "Principles of Economics".

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: In Karl Marx's critique of political economy, he mentioned Mill in the Grundrisse. Marx claimed that Mills thinking posited the categories of capital in an ahistorical fashion.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Mill is one of the few political philosophers ever to serve in government as an elected official. In his three years in Parliament, he was more willing to compromise than the "radical" principles expressed in his writing would lead one to expect.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Inheritance of capital and wealth plays a large role in development of inequality, because it provides greater opportunity for those receiving the inheritance. Mill's solution to inequality of wealth brought about by inheritance was to implement a greater tax on inheritances, because he believed the most important authoritative function of the government is Taxation, and taxation judiciously implemented could promote equality.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: Mill demonstrated an early insight into the value of the natural world—in particular in Book IV, chapter VI of "Principles of Political Economy": "Of the Stationary State" in which Mill recognised wealth beyond the material, and argued that the logical conclusion of unlimited growth was destruction of the environment and a reduced quality of life. He concludes that a stationary state could be preferable to unending economic growth:

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: I cannot, therefore, regard the stationary states of capital and wealth with the unaffected aversion so generally manifested towards it by political economists of the old school.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: If the earth must lose that great portion of its pleasantness which it owes to things that the unlimited increase of wealth and population would extirpate from it, for the mere purpose of enabling it to support a larger, but not a better or a happier population, I sincerely hope, for the sake of posterity, that they will be content to be stationary, long before necessity compel them to it.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


John Stuart Mill

Context: According to Mill, the ultimate tendency in an economy is for the rate of profit to decline due to diminishing returns in agriculture and increase in population at a Malthusian rate.

Question: 존 스튜어트 밀의 생일은 언제인가요?


List of tallest buildings in South Korea

Context: Only buildings over 180m (as determined by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat) are included.

Question: 창원시에서 가장 높은 건물은 무엇인가?


Context: This is the list of the tallest buildings by top tier administrative divisions (Provinces, Special Cities, Metropolitan Cities)

Question: 창원시에서 가장 높은 건물은 무엇인가?


Context: This lists buildings that are under construction in South Korea and are planned to rise at least . Buildings that have been topped out but are not completed are also included.

Question: 창원시에서 가장 높은 건물은 무엇인가?


Context: This lists ranks South Korea's skyscrapers over 180m that are currently proposed/approved for construction.

Question: 창원시에서 가장 높은 건물은 무엇인가?


St. Peter's Cathedral (Scranton, Pennsylvania)

Context: The church was built in 1867, as the parish church of St. Vincent de Paul. In 1883-4, a project was undertaken to remodel and embellish the church, which by now was the central church of the diocese, and on September 28, 1884, the new mother church of the diocese was consecrated by Archbishop P. J. Ryan of Philadelphia, and its name changed to the Cathedral of St. Peter, marking its new role in the still-young diocese. The cathedral complex includes the adjacent rectory (1908) and convent.

Question: 성 베드로 대성당은 어디에 있는가?


Context: In February 2008, the cathedral was chosen by EWTN's "Cathedrals Across America" series to host the globally televised Mass for the Feast of the Chair of St. Peter.

Question: 성 베드로 대성당은 어디에 있는가?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The United Kingdom's high literacy rate (99% at age 15 and above) is attributable to universal state education, introduced at the primary level in 1870 (Scotland 1872, free 1890) and at the secondary level in 1900. Parents are obliged to have their children educated from the ages of 5 to 16 years (18 in England as of 2013), and can continue education free of charge in the form of A-Levels, vocational training, and apprenticeship until the age of 18.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The United Kingdom's population is predominantly indigenous White British (81.88% as of the 2011 Census, however in decline), but due to migration from Commonwealth nations, Britain has become ethnically diverse. The second and third largest non-indigenous racial groups are Asian British at 7% of the population, followed by Black British people at 3% respectively.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The main language of the country is British English. Some Celtic languages, namely Scottish Gaelic and Irish, are still spoken in Scotland and Northern Ireland, respectively, and Cornish has been revived to a limited degree in Cornwall; but the predominant language in these areas is English. Welsh is widely spoken as the first language in North and West Wales, and to lesser extent in the South East Wales, where English is the dominant first language.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Roman Britain had an estimated population between 2.8 million and 3 million at the end of the second century AD. At the end of the fourth century, it had an estimated population of 3.6 million, of whom 125,000 consisted of the Roman army and their families and dependents. The urban population of Roman Britain was about 240,000 people at the end of the fourth century. Roman Britain's capital city, Londinium, is estimated to have had a population of about 60,000.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The impetus to collect population data was reinforced due to food supply concerns and war against France in the late 18th century and then beginning of the early 19th century. In 1800, the Census Act was passed, authorising the first modern census in British history to be conducted.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The first Census in 1801 revealed that the population of Great Britain was 10.5 million. Of this, England's population had grown to 8.3 million, Wales population rested at 0.6 million while Scotland had a population of 1.6 million. In Ireland, the population rested at an estimate of between 4.5 and 5.5 million inhabitants. Since 1801, a census has been conducted every decade, in Ireland this was conducted for the first time in 1821.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: In the 1990's, international migration began to contribute more proportionally to population growth, and by 1998 this had past natural increase as the main provider of growth. Liberalisation of immigration rules under the new government allowed rapid increase of the number of migrants arriving, quadrupling the number from a net migration rate of 50,000 a year, to 200,000 a year.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Such rapid immigration growth boosted the general population growth in the United Kingdom higher then what it had been in previous decades. In 2011, the population sat at around 63 million people.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The population of the UK in the last recorded census in 2011 was 63 million, of whom 31 million were male and 32 million female. The 2011 census recorded the population of England as 53.0 million, Scotland as 5.3 million, Wales as 3.1 million, and Northern Ireland as 1.8 million. As of the last recorded population estimate, it was estimated that the UK population was at a total of 67,081,234 people.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: There are 13 urban areas that exceed 500,000 inhabitants: they are centred on London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Leeds and Bradford, Southampton and Portsmouth, Sheffield, Liverpool, Leicester, Manchester, Belfast, Bristol, Newcastle upon Tyne and Nottingham.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The following table shows the total UK population estimated at census dates. Pre 1901 figures include the whole of Ireland, whereas from 1901 onwards only the population of Northern Ireland is included.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: First official data on the fertility rate of the country was first made available in 1938, However estimates of the total fertility rate can be made back all the way till 1541.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Due to migration beginning in the late 90's and especially during the 2000's lead to the overall total fertility rate of the country to rise by 0.1 in the period of 2004 to 2011.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: In 2012, the UK's total fertility rate (TFR) was 1.92 children per woman, below the replacement rate, which in the UK is 2.075. In 2001, the TFR was at a record low of 1.63, but it then increased every year until it reached a peak of 1.96 in 2008, before decreasing again. In 2012 and 2013, England and Wales's TFR decreased to 1.85. In Scotland however TFR is lower: it decreased from 1.75 in 2010 to 1.67 in 2012. Northern Ireland has the highest TFR in the UK, standing at 2.02 in 2010 and 2.03 in 2012.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The reduction of the total fertility rate of the United Kingdom has also had a effect on the mean age in which a mother gives birth to her first child.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The age in which a mother gives birth to her first child has changed depending on the time period, but more recently in the 20th and 21st century the age in which someone gives birth has been trending upwards since the 1970's.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The reduction of the fertility rate has also had an effect on the general family size of mothers in the United Kingdom, with the two being interlinked with each other. The family size of the average UK family can be estimated using with a completed family size (CFS), which is a estimate of the amount of children a woman has birthed by the end of her childbearing years.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Family size within the UK has shifted more towards two or one children in recent decades, rather then in the past when larger family sizes were more prominent and sort after. This pattern follows with other European countries, where couples have less children. Increasingly as well, there are more couples who are completely childless, which has been increasing since the 1950's.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Life expectancy has increased in the United Kingdom since the 18th century and more importantly due to the Industrial Revolution and then the Second Industrial Revolution.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Infant mortality has been on the decline since the Second Industrial Revolution, although the majority of the decline came around from the start to the end of the 20th century. In raw terms for example, infant mortality in England sat around 151 deaths to 1000 live births in 1901 but by the end of the century it had plummeted down to only 6 deaths per 1000 births.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Physical unfitness during the Boer War came into national prominence as many recruits came back to be too medically unfit for service. With this, In 1904, the "Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Physical Deterioration" was published which listed large amounts of details of the failings of the British population, and for that matter government, in sustaining a healthy population.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The current rate of infant mortality in the United Kingdom is roughly around 3.82 deaths per 1,000 live births.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Interlinked with fertility and mortality, The age structure of the United Kingdom has varied with how said variables have changed through out the country's history. Due to becoming an industrialised society through its history, the United Kingdom has undergone the 'demographic transition', that is to say, that it has gone from a high birth rate, high mortality rate society to a low birth rate, low mortality rate society under the space of two centuries, a unique phenomenon in the modern era.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The demographic ageing of the population is also not equally spread out, as people in rural areas are typically of a higher age then those living in metropolitan areas such as Greater London for example.Dependency ratios

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The United Kingdom is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe, currently as of 2020 it is the 8th most densely populated country.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: By the end of the 20th century this figure was 80% of the country. However importance of the capital declined, by the end of the 20th century, London's ranking on the most populated cities of the world had fell down to not even being in the top 20.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: In 2004, 58% of births were conceived within a married couple, 35% by non-married couples registered by both parents and 7% by non-married mothers who registered the birth alone.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: This varied from each constituent nation, Wales for example had the highest births outside of marriage at 51% in 2004, In England this percentage was 42% and in Scotland 47%. Northern Ireland had the lowest of 35% in 2004.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The Integrated Household Survey, published by the Office for National Statistics, provides the following estimates for the adult British population as of 2011:

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Other sources provide alternative estimates of the population by sexual orientation. For example, one British journal published in 2004 estimated that approximately 5% of the British population is gay. A government figure estimated in 2005 that there are 3.6 million gay people in Britain equating to 6 per cent of the population, though a report by the Equality and Human Rights Commission described that estimate as 'of questionable validity' when set against available survey estimates.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The Gender Identity Research and Education Society (GIRES) estimated in 2009 that "56,000 might potentially be transsexual people", noting that it is very difficult to make a reliable estimate which would have been 0.09% of the population at the time of the report.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The unemployment rate for the youth age bracket of 15 – 24 is currently 11.2% as of 2019, this is 13% for males and 9.2% for females.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Through the 1970's and 80's, migration to the United Kingdom was often a net negative in terms of numbers, with more people leaving the country, then entering in total.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Since 1994, net migration in numbers has been in the positives, with more people entering the country, rather then leaving.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: In the 1980's to 90's, around 12 to 13% of births were born to foreign born mothers. In 2004, this had risen to 20% of births being born to foreign born mothers.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Below is the number of births in England and Wales in 2011 by mother's country of birth, as well as their total fertility rate.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: For the overwhelming majority of its established history, the United Kingdom has been ethnically homogenous society with few minorities. Such few minorities formed in total numbers over a long period of time and the largest numerical minority which resembled over one million were Irish people.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Since 1948, the population of the country has gradually become more ethnically heterogenized nationally, while in regionally areas such as metropolitan county's this process has become a rapid occurrence. Data on ethnicity was not formally collected in-till 1991 when the census for the first time asked the ethnicity and race of the British population, however estimates can still be taken on the approximate population of the non-white/ethnic minority population for the previous decades.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: From 1997 onwards, ethnic diversity has increased rapidly since the country gained net-positive numbers of net migration in 1992 and then in 1997 with the expansion and lifting of restrictions on immigration with the New Labour government.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Academic David Coleman has produced research which demonstrates that the city of Birmingham will join London in their majority minority status during the 2020s, with regards to the general demographic decline of the White British in Britain. He also estimates that roughly around 2056 to 2066, the trend of a declining share of the white populace will result in the United Kingdom having an overall white minority.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: In 2001, the question of religious adherence was asked for the first time since 1851 in the United Kingdom Census.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The traditional religion in the United Kingdom is Christianity. In England the established church is the Church of England (Anglican). In Scotland, the Church of Scotland (a Presbyterian Church) is regarded as the 'national church' but there is not an established church.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: In Wales there is no established church, with the Church in Wales having been disestablished in 1920. Likewise, in Ireland, the Church of Ireland was disestablished in 1871. In Northern Ireland and parts of Western Scotland there are lingering sectarian divides between Roman Catholic and Protestant communities.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: In 2012 the British Social Attitudes Survey found the highest number to be non-religious (48%) followed by Christians (46%) with another six per cent identifying otherwise. Discrepancies found between surveys may be the result of differences in phrasing, question order, and data collection method.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Pew Research Center has found that by 2050 on all scenario's, the Islamic population of the United Kingdom will rise, depending on the scenario the percentage of the population which will be Islamic will either be 9.7% in a zero migration scenario, 16.7% in a medium migration scenario or 17.2% in a high migration scenario.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The United Kingdom's de facto official language is English which is spoken as a first language by 95% of the population. Six regional languages—Scots, Ulster-Scots, Welsh, Cornish, Irish and Scottish Gaelic—are protected under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Abilities in these languages (other than Cornish) for those aged three and above were recorded in the census of 2011 as follows.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Cornish is spoken by around 2,500 people. In the 2011 census, 464 respondents aged three and over in Cornwall said that Cornish was their main language, amounting to 0.09% of the total population of Cornwall aged three and over.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: After English, Polish was the second most common language given in the United Kingdom census 2011. 618,091 respondents aged three and over said that Polish was their main language, amounting to 1.01% of the total population of the United Kingdom aged three and over.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The French language is spoken in some parts of the Channel Islands although the islands, like the Isle of Man, are not part of the United Kingdom.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Each country of the United Kingdom has a separate education system, with power over education matters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland being devolved.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: Just over half of students at the leading universities of Cambridge and Oxford had attended state schools.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


Demography of the United Kingdom

Context: The Welsh Government Minister for Education is responsible to the Senedd for education in Wales. One of the most notable distinctive features of education in Wales is the emphasis on the Welsh language – lessons in which are compulsory for all until the age of 16. Whilst a significant minority of students (15.7% in the 2014\15 academic year) are taught primarily through the medium of Welsh.

Question: 영국의 현재 인구는 몇명인가요?


World population

Context: In demographics, the term world population is often used to refer to the total number of humans currently living, and was estimated to have exceeded 7.9 billion . It took over two million years of human prehistory and history for the human population to reach one billion and only 207 years more to grow to 7 billion.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The total number of births globally is currently (2015-20) 140 million/year, is projected to peak during the period 2040-45 at 141 million/year and thereafter decline slowly to 126 million/year by 2100. The total number of deaths is currently 57 million/year and is projected to grow steadily to 121 million/year by 2100.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: It is difficult for estimates to be better than rough approximations, as even modern population estimates are fraught with uncertainties on the order of 3% to 5%.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: Estimates of the population of the world at the time agriculture emerged in around 10,000 BC have ranged between 1 million and 15 million. Even earlier, genetic evidence suggests humans may have gone through a population bottleneck of between 1,000 and 10,000 people about 70,000 BC, according to the Toba catastrophe theory. By contrast, it is estimated that around 50–60 million people lived in the combined eastern and western Roman Empire in the 4th century AD.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: During the European Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically. The percentage of the children born in London who died before the age of five decreased from 74.5% in 1730–1749 to 31.8% in 1810–1829. Between 1700 and 1900, Europe's population increased from about 100 million to over 400 million. Altogether, the areas populated by people of European descent comprised 36% of the world's population in 1900.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: Population growth in the Western world became more rapid after the introduction of vaccination and other improvements in medicine and sanitation. Improved material conditions led to the population of Britain increasing from 10 million to 40 million in the 19th century. The population of the United Kingdom reached 60 million in 2006. The United States saw its population grow from around 5.3 million in 1800 to 106 million in 1920, exceeding 307 million in 2010.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The first half of the 20th century in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of major wars, famines and other disasters which caused large-scale population losses (approximately 60 million excess deaths). After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's population declined significantly – from 150 million in 1991 to 143 million in 2012 – but by 2013 this decline appeared to have halted.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: As of 2012, the global sex ratio is approximately 1.01 males to 1 female. The greater number of men is possibly due to the significant sex imbalances evident in the Indian and Chinese populations. Approximately 26.3% of the global population is aged under 15, while 65.9% is aged 15–64 and 7.9% is aged 65 or over. The median age of the world's population is estimated to be 31 years in 2020, and is expected to rise to 37.9 years by 2050.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: According to the World Health Organization, the global average life expectancy is 73.3 years as of 2020, with women living an average of 75.9 years and men approximately 70.8 years. In 2010, the global fertility rate was estimated at 2.44 children per woman. In June 2012, British researchers calculated the total weight of Earth's human population as approximately , with the average person weighing around .

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The IMF estimated nominal 2021 gross world product at US$94.94 trillion, giving an annual global per capita figure of around US$12,290. Around 9.3% of the world population live in extreme poverty, subsisting on less than US$1.9 per day; around 8.9% are undernourished. 87% of the world's over-15s are considered literate. As of April 2022, there were about 5 billion global Internet users, constituting 57% of the world population.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The Han Chinese are the world's largest single ethnic group, constituting over 19% of the global population in 2011. The world's most-spoken languages are English (1.132B), Mandarin Chinese (1.117B), Hindi (615M), Spanish (534M) and French (280M). More than three billion people speak an Indo-European language, which is the largest language family by number of speakers. Standard Arabic is a language with no native speakers, but the total number of speakers is estimated at 274 million people.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The religious composition of the world as of 2020 is estimated as follows: Christianity (31.1%), Islam (24.9%), Unaffiliated (15.6%) and Hinduism (15.2%).

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: Approximately 4.45 billion people live in these ten countries, representing around 57% of the world's population as of September 2020.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The tables below list the world's most densely populated countries, both in absolute terms and in comparison to their total populations.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: However, this rapid growth did not last. During the period 2000 – 2005, the United Nations estimates that the world's population was growing at an annual rate of 1.3% (equivalent to around 80 million people), down from a peak of 2.1% during the period 1965 – 1970. Globally, although the population growth rate has been steadily declining from its peak in 1968, growth still remains high in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: In fact, during the 2010s, Japan and some countries in Europe began to encounter negative population growth (i.e. a net decrease in population over time), due to sub-replacement fertility rates.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The table below shows historical and predicted regional population figures in millions. The availability of historical population figures varies by region.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The following table gives estimates, in millions, of population in the past. The data for 1750 to 1900 are from the UN report "The World at Six Billion" whereas the data from 1950 to 2015 are from a UN data sheet.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The UN’s first report in 1951 showed that during the period 1950-55 the crude birth rate was 36.9/1,000 population and the crude death rate was 19.1/1,000.  By the period 2015-20 both numbers had dropped significantly to 18.5/1,000 for the crude birth rate and 7.5/1,000 for the crude death rate.  UN projections for 2100 show a further decline in the crude birth rate to 11.6/1,000 and an increase in the crude death rate to 11.2/1,000.,

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: The total number of births globally is currently (2015-20) 140 million/year, is projected to peak during the period 2040-45 at 141 million/year and thereafter decline slowly to 126 million/year by 2100. The total number of deaths is currently 57 million/year and is projected to grow steadily to 121 million/year by 2100.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: According to the Russian demographer Sergey Kapitsa, the world population grew between 67,000 BC and 1965 according to the following formula:

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: According to linear interpolation and extrapolation of UNDESA population estimates, the world population has doubled, or will double, in the years listed in the tables below (with two different starting points). During the 2nd millennium, each doubling took roughly half as long as the previous doubling, fitting the hyperbolic growth model mentioned above. However, after 2024, it is unlikely that there will be another doubling of the global population in the 21st century.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


World population

Context: Robust population data only exist for the last two or three centuries. Until the late 18th century, few governments had ever performed an accurate census. In many early attempts, such as in Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire, the focus was on counting merely a subset of the population for purposes of taxation or military service. Thus, there is a significant margin of error when estimating ancient global populations.

Question: 전 세계에서 가장 인구가 많은 나라는 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: Lee majored in Professional Motion Pictures and Art at Konkuk University and graduated from the university in 2016.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: At 15, Lee began his modelling career at the Seoul Collection walkway in 2005, making him the youngest male model to debut in the Seoul Collection program at Seoul Fashion Week. Since then, he has walked in a number of fashion shows.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: Lee trained as an idol group member for three months, and had signed on with an agency to debut. However, he quit after the agency broke their promise of debuting him as an actor. He took part in a selection for actors at SBS TV station when he was in middle school.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: Lee started to gain recognition following his supporting role in the hit drama "Secret Garden" where he played a talented young composer with a surly attitude and a forbidden crush on the second male lead.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: In 2011, he appeared in MBC's sitcom ' where he gained further popularity. Lee also co-starred in the film ' in 2012, a loose remake of the critically acclaimed 1986 film "Top Gun".

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: Lee's breakout role came as a high school student in the teen drama "School 2013". He received his first acting award for the role at the 2012 KBS Drama Awards under the category Best New Actor. He also ranked fifth according to a survey entitled 'Actors Who Lit Up 2013' by Gallup Korea.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: In 2014, he starred in teen romantic comedy "Hot Young Bloods", playing a cheesy womanizer. Lee then starred in hit medical drama "Doctor Stranger", playing a North Korean defector who works as a doctor in South Korea. The drama was a success in China, gaining 400 million views.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: Lee next starred in "Pinocchio" opposite actress Park Shin-hye, and played the protagonist Choi Dal-po, a first year reporter at a broadcasting company who struggles with the idea of justice and truth in a world where everyone wants to hide the facts. "Pinocchio" was another hit, with a reported revenue of 6.2 billion won (US$5.62 million) for broadcasting rights in just one year.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: Lee's performances in the dramas "Doctor Stranger" and "Pinocchio" earned him acting accolades, including the Male Top Excellence Award at the 8th Korea Drama Awards.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: He also became the youngest actor to win the Best Actor award at the 27th Grimae Awards, chosen by television cinematographers.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: In December 2015, Lee left his previous agency Wellmade Yedang and signed an exclusive contract with YG Entertainment on 10 May 2016.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: In July 2016, Lee returned to the Korean small screen with MBC's fantasy thriller "W" alongside Han Hyo-joo. The drama topped popularity charts in Korea and Lee won the "Daesang" (Grand Prize) at the year-end MBC Drama Awards. The same year, he co-starred in the promotional web drama "First Seven Kisses" for Lotte Duty Free.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: In 2017, Lee starred in the crime film "VIP", marking his first lead role as a villain. Lee then starred in the supernatural-procedural drama "While You Were Sleeping" alongside Bae Suzy in September.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: In July of the same year, Lee was appointed Goodwill Ambassador for Korean tourism by the Korea Tourism Organization. The organization also released promotional videos featuring the actor, titled "8 Episodes of Korea", which focused on tourist spots in 10 different regions including Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Jeju and Gyeongju.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: In 2018, Lee was cast in the three-episode drama "The Hymn of Death", a remake of the 1991 film "Death Song". Lee signed with new management agency YNK Entertainment once his contract with YG Entertainment ended on 31 March 2018, but terminated his contract five months later. and established his own agency "A-man Project".

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: In 2019, he starred in his first romantic comedy drama "Romance Is a Bonus Book" alongside Lee Na-young.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: In 2021, after finishing his military duty, he made a comeback with a cameo in "". Lee later confirmed for the official film "Decibel" alongside Kim Rae-won, Lee Sang-hee, and Cha Eun-woo. Later in September 2021, Lee confirmed the MBC drama "Big Mouth" with Im Yoon-ah, coming back three years after his discharge from the military. It will air in 2022.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: Lee is best friends with fellow model-actor and "School 2013" co-star Kim Woo-bin, whom he has known since their modeling days.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: Lee began his mandatory military service on 8 March 2019. Lee was deemed unfit to enlist as an active duty soldier as a result of going through a car accident when he was 16 and tore his anterior cruciate ligament. Therefore, he was confirmed to work as a public service officer, and was expected to be discharged on 31 December 2020.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Lee Jong-suk

Context: On March 7, 2022, Lee donated 100 million won to the Hope Bridge Disaster Relief Association to help the victims of the massive wildfire that started in Uljin, Gyeongbuk and has spread to Samcheok, Gangwon.

Question: 이종성의 고향은 어디인가?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: The religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece, to the islands and coasts of Ionia in Asia Minor, to Magna Graecia (Sicily and southern Italy), and to scattered Greek colonies in the Western Mediterranean, such as Massalia (Marseille). Early Italian religions such as the Etruscan religion were influenced by Greek religion and subsequently influenced much of the ancient Roman religion.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: "There was no centralization of authority over Greek religious practices and beliefs; change was regulated only at the civic level. Thus, the phenomenon we are studying is not in fact an organized “religion.” Instead we might think of the beliefs and practices of Greeks in relation to the gods as a group of closely related “religious dialects” that resembled each other far more than they did those of non-Greeks."

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: While being immortal, the gods were certainly not all-good or even all-powerful. They had to obey fate, known to Greek mythology as the Moirai, which overrode any of their divine powers or wills. For instance, in mythology, it was Odysseus' fate to return home to Ithaca after the Trojan War, and the gods could only lengthen his journey and make it harder for him, not stop him.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: The gods acted like humans and had human vices. They interacted with humans, sometimes even spawning children with them. At times certain gods would be opposed to others, and they would try to outdo each other. In the "Iliad", Aphrodite, Ares and Apollo support the Trojan side in the Trojan War, while Hera, Athena and Poseidon support the Greeks (see theomachy).

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Some gods were specifically associated with a certain city. Athena was associated with Athens, Apollo with Delphi and Delos, Zeus with Olympia and Aphrodite with Corinth. But other gods were also worshipped in these cities. Other deities were associated with nations outside of Greece; Poseidon was associated with Ethiopia and Troy, and Ares with Thrace.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Identity of names was not a guarantee of a similar cultus; the Greeks themselves were well aware that the Artemis worshipped at Sparta, the virgin huntress, was a very different deity from the Artemis who was a many-breasted fertility goddess at Ephesus. Though worship of the major deities spread from one locality to another, and though most larger cities had temples to several major gods, the identification of different gods with different places remained strong to the end.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Ancient sources for Greek religion tell a good deal about cult but very little about creed, in no small measure because the Greeks in general considered what one believed to be much less importance than what one did.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Some Greeks, such as the philosophers Pythagoras and Plato, also embraced the idea of reincarnation, though this was only accepted by a few. Epicurus taught that the soul was simply atoms which were dissolved at death, so one ceased to exist on dying.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: There was no set Greek cosmogony, or creation myth. Different religious groups believed that the world had been created in different ways. One Greek creation myth was told in Hesiod's "Theogony". It stated that at first there was only a primordial deity called Chaos, after which came various other primordial gods, such as Gaia, Tartarus and Eros, who then gave birth to more gods, the Titans, who then gave birth to the first Olympians.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: One ceremony was pharmakos, a ritual involving expelling a symbolic scapegoat such as a slave or an animal, from a city or village in a time of hardship. It was hoped that by casting out the ritual scapegoat, the hardship would go with it.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: It has been suggested that the Chthonic deities, distinguished from Olympic deities by typically being offered the holocaust mode of sacrifice, where the offering is wholly burnt, may be remnants of the native Pre-Hellenic religion, and that many of the Olympian deities may come from the Proto-Greeks who overran the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula in the late third millennium BC.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: One rite of passage was the amphidromia, celebrated on the fifth or seventh day after the birth of a child. Childbirth was extremely significant to Athenians, especially if the baby was a boy.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: The temple interiors did not serve as meeting places, since the sacrifices and rituals dedicated to the respective deity took place outside them, at altars within the wider precinct of the sanctuary, which might be large. As the centuries passed both the inside of popular temples and the area surrounding them accumulated statues and small shrines or other buildings as gifts, and military trophies, paintings and items in precious metals, effectively turning them into a type of museum.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Some sanctuaries offered oracles, people who were believed to receive divine inspiration in answering questions put by pilgrims. The most famous of these by far was the female priestess called the Pythia at the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, and that of Zeus at Dodona, but there were many others. Some dealt only with medical, agricultural or other specialized matters, and not all represented gods, like that of the hero Trophonius at Livadeia.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Many of the Greek statues well known from Roman marble copies were originally temple cult images, which in some cases, such as the Apollo Barberini, can be credibly identified. A very few actual originals survive, for example, the bronze Piraeus Athena ( high, including a helmet). The image stood on a base, from the 5th century often carved with reliefs.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: It used to be thought that access to the "cella" of a Greek temple was limited to the priests, and it was entered only rarely by other visitors, except perhaps during important festivals or other special occasions. In recent decades this picture has changed, and scholars now stress the variety of local access rules. Pausanias was a gentlemanly traveller of the 2nd-century AD who declares that the special intention of his travels around Greece was to see cult images, and usually managed to do so.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Those who were not satisfied by the public cult of the gods could turn to various mystery religions that operated as cults into which members had to be initiated in order to learn their secrets.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Here, they could find religious consolations that traditional religion could not provide: a chance at mystical awakening, a systematic religious doctrine, a map to the afterlife, a communal worship, and a band of spiritual fellowship.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Some of these mysteries, like the mysteries of Eleusis and Samothrace, were ancient and local. Others were spread from place to place, like the mysteries of Dionysus. During the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire, exotic mystery religions became widespread, not only in Greece, but all across the empire. Some of these were new creations, such as Mithras, while others had been practiced for hundreds of years before, like the Egyptian mysteries of Osiris.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: The Mycenaeans perhaps treated Poseidon, to them a god of earthquakes as well as the sea, as their chief deity, and forms of his name along with several other Olympians are recognizable in records in Linear B, while Apollo and Aphrodite are absent. Only about half of the Mycenaean pantheon seems to survive the Greek Dark Ages. The archaeological evidence for continuity in religion is far clearer for Crete and Cyprus than the Greek mainland.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Greek religious concepts may also have absorbed the beliefs and practices of earlier, nearby cultures, such as Minoan religion, and other influences came from the Near East, especially via Cyprus. Herodotus, writing in the 5th century BC, traced many Greek religious practices to Egypt.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: After the huge Roman conquests beyond Greece, new cults from Egypt and Asia became popular in Greece as well as the western empire.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


Ancient Greek religion

Context: Early revivalists, with varying degrees of commitment, were the Englishmen John Fransham (1730–1810), interested in Neoplatonism, and Thomas Taylor (1758–1835), who produced the first English translations of many Neoplatonic philosophical and religious texts.

Question: 신화에는 그리스 신들이 몇 명이나 있을까?


History of terrorism

Context: The history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism. Scholars agree that terrorism is a disputed term, and very few of those labeled terrorists describe themselves as such. It is common for opponents in a violent conflict to describe the other side as terrorists or as practicing terrorism.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: In the 20th century, terrorism continued to be associated with a vast array of anarchist, socialist, fascist and nationalist groups, many of them engaged in 'third world' independence struggles. Some scholars also labeled as terrorist the systematic internal violence and intimidation practiced by states such as the Stalinist Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: Though many have been proposed, there is no consensus definition of the term "terrorism." This in part derives from the fact that the term is politically and emotionally charged, "a word with intrinsically negative connotations that is generally applied to one's enemies and opponents."

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: Revolutionary terror is not terrorism. To make a moral equivalence between the Revolution's year II and September 2001 is historical and philosophical nonsense ... The violence exercised on 11 September 2001 aimed neither at equality nor liberty. Nor did the preventive war announced by the president of the United States.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The Sons of Liberty was a clandestine group that formed in Boston and New York City in the 1770s. It had a political agenda of independence of Britain's American colonies. The groups engaged in several acts that could be considered terroristic and used the deeds for propaganda purposes.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: In the 19th century, powerful, stable, and affordable explosives were developed, global integration reached unprecedented levels and often radical political movements became widely influential. The use of dynamite, in particular, inspired anarchists and was central to their strategic thinking.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: One of the earliest groups to utilize modern terrorist techniques was arguably the Fenian Brotherhood and its offshoot the Irish Republican Brotherhood. They were both founded in 1858 as revolutionary, militant nationalist and Catholic groups, both in Ireland and amongst the émigré community in the United States.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: After centuries of continued British rule in Ireland, and being influenced most recently from the devastating effects of the 1840s Great Famine, these revolutionary fraternal organisations were founded with the aim of establishing an independent republic in Ireland, and began carrying out frequent acts of violence in metropolitan Britain to achieve their aims through intimidation.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The first police unit to combat terrorism was established in 1883 by the Metropolitan Police, initially as a small section of the Criminal Investigation Department. It was known as the Special Irish Branch, and was trained in counter terrorism techniques to combat the Irish Republican Brotherhood. The unit's name was changed to Special Branch as the unit's remit steadily widened over the years.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: Revolutionary nationalism continued to motivate political violence in the 20th century, much of it directed against Western powers. The Irish Republican Army campaigned against the British in the 1910s and their tactics inspired Zionist groups such as the Hagannah, Irgun and Lehi to in their guerilla war against the Palestine Mandate throughout the 1930s. Like the IRA and the Zionist groups, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt used bombings and assassinations as part of their tactics.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: Militant suffragettes of the Women's Social and Political Union carried out a series of politically motivated bombing and arson attacks nationwide as part of their campaign for women's suffrage. There were three phases of WSPU militancy in 1905, 1908, and, most significantly, between 1912 and 1914. These action ranged from civil disobedience and destruction of public property to arson and bombings. Most notably, The WSPU bombed Government Minister and future Prime Minister David Lloyd George's house

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: Political assassinations continued, resulting in the assassinations of King Umberto I of Italy, killed in July 1900 and US President William McKinley in September 1901. Political violence became especially widespread in Imperial Russia, and several ministers were killed in the opening years of the 20th century. The highest-ranking was prime minister Pyotr Stolypin, killed in 1911 by Dmitry Bogrov, a spy for the secret police in several anarchist, socialist and other revolutionary groups.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: On June 28, 1914, Gavrilo Princip, one of a group of six assassins, shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Sarajevo, the capital of the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The assassinations produced widespread shock across Europe, setting in motion a series of events which led to World War I.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: In the 1930's and 1940's, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union practiced state terror systematically and on a massive and unprecedented scale. Meanwhile, the Stalin regime branded its opponents with the label "terrorist".

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The campaign has seen classification as a terrorist campaign, with both suffragettes themselves and the authorities referring to arson and bomb attacks as terrorism. Contemporary press reports also referred to attacks as "terrorist" incidents in both the United Kingdom and in the United States,

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The attack was notable enough to be reported on in the press in the United States, with the "New York Times" reporting on the disaster two days after with the headline "Big Portsmouth Fire Loss". The report also disclosed that at a previous police raid on a suffragette headquarters, "papers were discovered disclosing a plan to fire the yard".

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: In an action called the Easter Rising or Easter Rebellion, on April 24, 1916, members of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army seized the Dublin General Post Office and several other buildings, proclaiming an independent Irish Republic. The rebellion failed militarily but was a success for physical force Irish republicanism, leaders of the uprising becoming heroes in Ireland after their eventual sentence of capital punishment by the British government.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: Shortly after the rebellion, Michael Collins and others founded the Irish Republican Army (IRA), which from 1916 to 1923 carried out numerous attacks against the British authorities. For example, it attacked over 300 police stations simultaneously just before Easter 1920, and, in November 1920, publicly killed a dozen police officers and burned down the Liverpool docks and warehouses, an action that became known as Bloody Sunday.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: After years of warfare, London agreed to the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty creating a Irish Free State encompassing 26 of the island's 32 counties. IRA tactics were an inspiration to other groups, including the Palestine Mandate's Zionists, and to British special operations during World War II.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The IRA are considered by some the innovators of modern insurgency tactics as the British would replicate and build upon the tactics used against them in World War II against the Germans and Italians. Tony Geraghty in "The Irish War: The Hidden Conflict Between the IRA and British Intelligence" wrote:

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: From January 1939 to March 1940, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) carried out a campaign of bombing and sabotage against the civil, economic, and military infrastructure of Britain. It was known as the S-Plan or Sabotage Campaign. During the campaign, the IRA carried out almost 300 attacks and acts of sabotage in the United Kingdom, killing seven people and injuring 96. Most of the casualties occurred in the Coventry bombing on 25 August 1939.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: Some of the tactics of the guerrilla, partisan, and resistance movements organised and supplied by the Allies during World War II, according to historian M. R. D. Foot, can be considered terrorist. Colin Gubbins, a key leader within the Special Operations Executive (SOE), made sure the organization drew much of its inspiration from the IRA.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The work of the SOE received recognition in 2009 with a memorial in London, however there are differing views on the morality of the SOE's actions; the British military historian John Keegan writing:

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: In the 1974 Ma'alot massacre 22 Israeli high-school students, aged 14 to 16 from Safed were killed by three members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Before reaching the school, the trio shot and killed two Arab women, a Jewish man, his pregnant wife, and their 4-year-old son, and wounded several others.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The "Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional" (FALN, "Armed Forces of National Liberation") is a nationalist group founded in Puerto Rico in 1974. Over the decade that followed the group used bombings and targeted killings of civilians and police in pursuit of an independent Puerto Rico. The FALN in 1975 took responsibility for four nearly simultaneous bombings in New York City. The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has classified the FALN as a terrorist organization.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The April 19, 1995, Oklahoma City bombing was directed at the U.S. government, according to the prosecutor at the murder trial of Timothy McVeigh, who was convicted of carrying out the crime. The bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City claimed 168 lives and left over 800 people injured. McVeigh, who was convicted of first degree murder and executed, said his motivation was revenge for U.S. government actions at Waco and Ruby Ridge.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The Iranian Embassy siege took place in 1980, after a group of six armed men stormed the Iranian embassy in South Kensington, London. The government ordered the Special Air Service (SAS), a special forces regiment of the British Army, to conduct an assault—Operation Nimrod—to rescue the remaining hostages. This response set the tone for how Western governments would respond to terrorism. Replacing an era of negotiation with one of military intervention.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: Chechen separatists, led by Shamil Basayev, carried out several attacks on Russian targets between 1994 and 2006. In the June 1995 Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis, Basayev-led separatists took over 1,000 civilians hostage in a hospital in the southern Russian city of Budyonnovsk. When Russian special forces attempted to free the hostages, 105 civilians and 25 Russian troops were killed.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: In the 21st century, most victims of terrorist attacks have been killed in Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Syria, Pakistan, India, Somalia or Yemen.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: In 2013 the British government branded the killing of a serviceman in a Woolwich street, a terrorist attack. One of his attackers made political statements which were later broadcast with blood still on his hands from the attack. The two men responsible for the attack remained on the scene until incapacitated by armed police. They were later tried and found guilty of murder.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: On 7 January 2015, two Islamist gunmen forced their way into and opened fire in the Paris headquarters of "Charlie Hebdo shooting", killing twelve: staff cartoonists Charb, Cabu, Philippe Honoré, Tignous and Georges Wolinski, economist Bernard Maris, editors Elsa Cayat and Mustapha Ourrad, guest Michel Renaud, maintenance worker Frédéric Boisseau and police officers Brinsolaro and Merabet, and wounding eleven, four of them seriously.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: During the attack, the gunmen shouted "Allahu akbar" ("God is great" in Arabic) and also "the Prophet is avenged". President François Hollande described it as a "terrorist attack of the most extreme barbarity". The two gunmen were identified as Saïd Kouachi and Chérif Kouachi, French Muslim brothers of Algerian descent.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: On 13 November, 28 hours after the Beirut attack, three groups of ISIS terrorists performed mass killings in various places in Paris' Xe and XIe arrondissements. They killed a total of more than 130 citizens. Hostages were taken in the concert hall "Le Bataclan" for three hours, and ninety were killed before the special police entered. President François Hollande immediately started the emergency threat procedure, for the first time on the entire French territory since the Algeria events in 1960.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: On the morning of 22 March 2016, three coordinated suicide bombings occurred in Belgium: two at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, and one at Maalbeek metro station in central Brussels. They are referred to as the 2016 Brussels attacks. Thirty-two civilians and three perpetrators were killed, and more than 300 people were injured. Another bomb was found during a search of the airport. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attacks.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: On 22 May 2017 a suicide bomber attacked Manchester Arena during an Ariana Grande concert. Twenty-three people died, including the attacker, and 139 were wounded, more than half of them children.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The 2008 Mumbai attacks were more than ten coordinated shooting and bombing attacks across Mumbai, India's largest city, by Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistani Islamic terrorist organization with ties to ISI, Pakistan's secret service. The six main targets were

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: The attacks, which drew widespread condemnation across the world, began on 26 November 2008 and lasted until 29 November, killing at least 173 people and wounding at least 308.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


History of terrorism

Context: 2001 also saw the second acknowledged act of bioterrorism with the 2001 anthrax attacks (the first being intentional food poisoning conducted in The Dalles, Oregon by Rajneeshee followers in 1984), when letters carrying anthrax spores were posted to several major American media outlets and two Democratic Party politicians. This resulted in several of the first fatalities attributed to a bioterror attack.

Question: 공포정치를 가장 먼저 시작한 지도자는 누구인가?


Absolute zero

Context: The laws of thermodynamics indicate that absolute zero cannot be reached using only thermodynamic means, because the temperature of the substance being cooled approaches the temperature of the cooling agent asymptotically, and a system at absolute zero still possesses quantum mechanical zero-point energy, the energy of its ground state at absolute zero. The kinetic energy of the ground state cannot be removed.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: Scientists and technologists routinely achieve temperatures close to absolute zero, where matter exhibits quantum effects such as Bose–Einstein condensate, superconductivity and superfluidity.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: The implication is that the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches a constant value. An adiabat is a state with constant entropy, typically represented on a graph as a curve in a manner similar to isotherms and isobars.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: The Nernst postulate identifies the isotherm T = 0 as coincident with the adiabat S = 0, although other isotherms and adiabats are distinct. As no two adiabats intersect, no other adiabat can intersect the T = 0 isotherm. Consequently no adiabatic process initiated at nonzero temperature can lead to zero temperature. (≈ Callen, pp. 189–190)

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: Perfect crystals never occur in practice; imperfections, and even entire amorphous material inclusions, can and do get "frozen in" at low temperatures, so transitions to more stable states do not occur.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: thus, as "T" decreases, Δ"G" and Δ"H" approach each other (so long as Δ"S" is bounded). Experimentally, it is found that all spontaneous processes (including chemical reactions) result in a decrease in "G" as they proceed toward equilibrium. If Δ"S" and/or "T" are small, the condition Δ"G" < 0 may imply that Δ"H" < 0, which would indicate an exothermic reaction. However, this is not required; endothermic reactions can proceed spontaneously if the "T"Δ"S" term is large enough.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: Moreover, the slopes of the derivatives of Δ"G" and Δ"H" converge and are equal to zero at "T" = 0. This ensures that Δ"G" and Δ"H" are nearly the same over a considerable range of temperatures and justifies the approximate empirical Principle of Thomsen and Berthelot, which states that "the equilibrium state to which a system proceeds is the one that evolves the greatest amount of heat", i.e., an actual process is the "most exothermic one". (Callen, pp. 186–187)

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of weakly interacting bosons confined in an external potential and cooled to temperatures very near absolute zero. Under such conditions, a large fraction of the bosons occupy the lowest quantum state of the external potential, at which point quantum effects become apparent on a macroscopic scale.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: This state of matter was first predicted by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in 1924–25. Bose first sent a paper to Einstein on the quantum statistics of light quanta (now called photons). Einstein was impressed, translated the paper from English to German and submitted it for Bose to the "Zeitschrift für Physik", which published it. Einstein then extended Bose's ideas to material particles (or matter) in two other papers.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: Seventy years later, in 1995, the first gaseous condensate was produced by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado at Boulder NIST-JILA lab, using a gas of rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvin (nK) ().

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: A record cold temperature of 450 ± 80 picokelvin (pK) () in a BEC of sodium atoms was achieved in 2003 by researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The associated black-body (peak emittance) wavelength of 6,400 kilometers is roughly the radius of Earth.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: On 3 January 2013, physicists announced that for the first time they had created a quantum gas made up of potassium atoms with a negative temperature in motional degrees of freedom.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: The value of −240 °C, or "431 divisions [in Fahrenheit's thermometer] below the cold of freezing water" was published by George Martine in 1740.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: This close approximation to the modern value of −273.15 °C for the zero of the air thermometer was further improved upon in 1779 by Johann Heinrich Lambert, who observed that might be regarded as absolute cold.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: Values of this order for the absolute zero were not, however, universally accepted about this period. Pierre-Simon Laplace and Antoine Lavoisier, in their 1780 treatise on heat, arrived at values ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 below the freezing point of water, and thought that in any case it must be at least 600 below. John Dalton in his "Chemical Philosophy" gave ten calculations of this value, and finally adopted −3,000 °C as the natural zero of temperature.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Absolute zero

Context: The average temperature of the universe today is approximately , or about -270.42 degrees celsius, based on measurements of cosmic microwave background radiation.

Question: 절대 저온은 몇도인가?


Jell-O

Context: Jell-O is a variety of gelatin desserts (fruit-flavored gels), puddings, and no-bake cream pies. The original Jell-O gelatin dessert (genericized as jello) is the signature of the brand. Jell-O is a registered trademark of Kraft Heinz and is based in Chicago, Illinois.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: The original gelatin dessert began in Le Roy, New York, in 1897 after Pearle Bixby Wait and his wife May trademarked the name for a product made from strawberry, raspberry, orange, or lemon or lime flavoring added to sugar and granulated gelatin, which had been patented in 1845. The dessert was especially popular in the first half of the 20th century.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: Jell-O is sold prepared (ready-to-eat), or in powder form, and is available in various colors and flavors. The powder contains powdered gelatin and flavorings, including sugar or artificial sweeteners. It is dissolved in hot water, then chilled and allowed to set. Fruit, vegetables, and whipped cream can be added to make elaborate snacks that can be molded into shapes.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: Some non-gelatin pudding and pie-filling products are sold under the Jell-O brand. Ordinary Jell-O pudding is cooked on the stove top (with milk) then eaten warm or chilled, whereas Jell-O instant pudding is mixed with cold milk and chilled; it sets up without cooking. To make pie fillings, the same pudding products are prepared with less liquid.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: Gelatin was popularized in New York in the Victorian era with spectacular and complex jelly molds. Gelatin was sold in sheets and had to be purified, which was time-consuming. Gelatin desserts were the province of royalty and the relatively well-to-do. In 1845, a patent for powdered gelatin was obtained by industrialist Peter Cooper, who built the first American steam-powered locomotive, the "Tom Thumb". This powdered gelatin was easy to manufacture and easier to use in cooking.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: In 1897, in LeRoy, New York, carpenter and cough syrup manufacturer Pearle Bixby Wait trademarked a gelatin dessert called "Jell-O". Wait and his wife, May, added strawberry, raspberry, orange, and lemon flavoring to granulated gelatin and sugar. In 1899, Wait sold Jell-O to "Orator Francis Woodward", whose Genesee Pure Food Company produced the successful Grain-O health drink. Part of the legal agreement between Woodward and Wait dealt with the similar Jell-O name.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: Various elements were key to Jell-O becoming a mainstream product: new technologies, such as refrigeration, powdered gelatin and machine packaging, home economics classes, and the company's marketing.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: Initially, Woodward struggled to sell the powdered product. Beginning in 1902, to raise awareness, Woodward's Genesee Pure Food Company placed advertisements in the "Ladies' Home Journal" proclaiming Jell-O to be "America's Most Famous Dessert." Jell-O was a minor success until 1904, when Genesee Pure Food Company sent armies of salesmen into the field to distribute free Jell-O cookbooks, a pioneering marketing tactic.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: Within a decade, Genesee Pure Food Company added three new flavors, chocolate (discontinued in 1927), cherry, and peach, and it launched the brand in Canada. Celebrity testimonials and recipes appeared in advertisements featuring actress Ethel Barrymore and opera singer Ernestine Schumann-Heink. Some Jell-O illustrated advertisements were painted by Maxfield Parrish.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: In 1923, the newly rechristened Jell-O Company launched "D-Zerta", an artificially sweetened version of Jell-O. Two years later, Postum and Genesee merged, and in 1927 Postum acquired Clarence Birdseye's frozen foods company to form the General Foods Corporation.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: By 1930, there appeared a vogue in American cuisine for congealed salads, and the company introduced lime-flavored Jell-O, to complement the add-ins that cooks across the country were combining in these aspics and salads. Popular Jell-O recipes often included ingredients like cabbage, celery, green peppers, and even cooked pasta.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: In 1934, sponsorship from Jell-O made comedian Jack Benny the dessert's spokesperson. At this time Post introduced a jingle ("featured" by the agency Young & Rubicam) that was familiar over several decades, in which the spelling "J-E-L-L-O" was (or could be) sung over a rising five-note musical theme.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: The jingle was written by Don Bestor, who, at the time, was the bandleader on Jack Benny's radio show, "The Jell-O Program Starring Jack Benny."

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: In 1936, chocolate returned to the Jell-O lineup, as an instant pudding made with milk. It proved enormously popular, and over time other pudding flavors were added such as vanilla, tapioca, coconut, pistachio, butterscotch, egg custard, flan, and rice pudding.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: By the 1950s, salads became so popular that Jell-O responded with savory and vegetable flavors such as celery, Italian, mixed vegetable, and seasoned tomato. These flavors have since been discontinued.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: One savory recipe collected by the "Des Moines Register", published in Iowa, is for a tomato soup gelatin salad. The salad, served chilled, is made from lemon gelatin, tomato soup, cream cheese, stuffed olives combined with various other ingredients and seasonings.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: The baby boom saw a significant increase in sales for Jell-O. Young mothers didn't have the supporting community structures of earlier generations, so marketers were quick to promote easy-to-prepare prepackaged foods. By this time, creating a Jell-O dessert required simply boiling water, combining the water with Jell-O, and putting the mixture into Tupperware molds and refrigerating it for a short time.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: In 1964, the slogan "There's always room for Jell-O" was introduced, promoting the product as a "light dessert" that could easily be consumed even after a heavy meal.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: Throughout the 1960s through the 1980s, Jell-O's sales steadily decreased. Many Jell-O dishes, such as desserts and Jell-O salads, became special occasion foods rather than everyday items. Marketers blamed this decline on decreasing family sizes, a "fast-paced" lifestyle and women's increasing employment. By 1986, a market study concluded that mothers with young children rarely purchased Jell-O.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: To turn things around, Jell-O hired Dana Gioia to stop the decline. The marketing team revisited the Jell-O recipes published in past cookbooks and rediscovered Jigglers, although the original recipe did not use that name. Jigglers are Jell-O snacks molded into fun shapes and eaten as finger food. Jell-O launched a massive marketing campaign, notably featuring Bill Cosby as spokesman. The campaign was a huge success, causing a significant market gain.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: In the 1980s, a Jell-O advertising campaign slogan reminded consumers, "Don't forget—you have to remember to make it."

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Jell-O's family-friendly reputation was slightly tarnished by Jell-O shots and Jell-O wrestling.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: , there were over 420 million boxes of Jell-O gelatin and over 1 billion Jell-O cups sold in the United States each year. , there were more than 110 products sold under the Jell-O brand name.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: , LeRoy, New York, is known as the home of Jell-O and has the only Jell-O Museum in the world, located on the main road through the small town. Jell-O was manufactured here until General Foods closed the plant in 1964 and relocated manufacturing to Dover, Delaware. The Jell-O Gallery museum is operated by the Le Roy Historical Society at the Le Roy House and Union Free School, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: At the museum, visitors can learn about the history of the dessert from its inception. Visitors starting on East Main Street, follow Jell-O Brick Road, whose stones are inscribed with the names of former factory employees. The museum offers looks at starting materials for Jell-O, such as sturgeon bladder and calves' hooves, and various molds.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: The Jell-O plant in Mason City, Iowa, produces America's supply of ready-to-eat Jell-O gelatin dessert and pudding cups.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: Jack Benny's top-rated radio show did not break for commercials. Instead, announcer Don Wilson incorporated speeches about Jell-O into the program at appropriate places, to Jack's feigned comic annoyance. Lucille Ball's "My Favorite Husband", the radio predecessor to TV's "I Love Lucy", was another popular program sponsored by Jell-O for much of its 124-episode run. Ball's character Liz Cooper often opened the program with the lively greeting "jell-o everybody!"

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: In August 2018, Jell-O released an animated series on YouTube and Amazon Prime Video titled "JELL-O Wobz" in partnership with DreamWorksTV.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: Jell-O is mentioned in the 1936 popular song "A Fine Romance" by Dorothy Fields (with music by Jerome Kern), where it is humorously referred to as a mundane alternative to the excitement of romantic love. In 1980, the American composer William Bolcom wrote a popular humorous song about Jell-O, "Lime Jello Marshmallow Cottage Cheese Surprise", satirising its use in combined sweet and savory dishes such as Jello salad.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: The rock group Green Jellÿ was originally named Green Jellö, but had to change their name due to a lawsuit by Kraft Foods which claimed that the band was infringing the trademark for Jell-O.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Jell-O

Context: The 2002 Mormon cinema romantic comedy "The Singles Ward", which is filled with inside Mormon jokes and stereotypes, has a scene where someone slips and falls in Jell-O at a church social for young, single Mormons.

Question: 젤라틴은 단백질인가요?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: In Chinese, the wars are referred to as the "Wanli Korean Campaign", after the reigning Chinese emperor, or the "Renchen War to Defend the Nation" (壬辰衛國戰爭). "Imjin" is the Korean reading of the Chinese word "renchen" (壬辰)"."

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: With Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death in September 1598, limited progress on land, and continued disruption of supply lines along the western and southern coasts by the Joseon navy, the remaining Japanese forces in Korea were ordered to withdraw back to Japan by the new governing Council of Five Elders. Final peace negotiations between the parties followed afterwards and continued for several years, ultimately resulting in the normalization of relations.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: One thousand years earlier, the Sui and Tang dynasties of China had complicated political and trading relations with the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Ming China, on the other hand, had close trading and diplomatic relations with the Joseon, which remained integrated in the imperial tributary system, but also received tribute and trade from Japan.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Ming China and Joseon Korea shared much in common. Both emerged during the fourteenth century after the end of the Yuan dynasty, embraced Confucian ideals in society, and faced similar threats (Jurchen raiders and wokou). Both had competing internal political factions, which would influence decisions made prior to and during the war. Because of close trade and common enemies, Joseon and Ming had a friendly alliance.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: By seeking to invade China, Hideyoshi was in effect claiming for Japan the role traditionally played by China in East Asia as the center of the East Asian international order. He rallied support in Japan as a man of relatively humble origins who owed his position to his military might. Finally, during the 1540s–1550s, the "wakō" had staged a series of samurai raids into Korea, some of which were so large as to be "mini-invasions". Hideyoshi mistakenly thought his enemies were weak.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: As for the military preparations, the construction of as many as 2,000 ships may have begun as early as 1586. To estimate the strength of the Korean military, Hideyoshi sent an assault force of 26 ships to the southern coast of Korea in 1587. On the diplomatic front, Hideyoshi began to establish friendly relations with China long before he had completed the unification of Japan. He also helped to police the trade routes against the wokou.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: In 1587, Hideyoshi sent his first envoy Yutani Yasuhiro, to Korea, which was during the rule of King Seonjo, to re-establish diplomatic relations between Korea and Japan (broken since the Wokou raid in 1555). Hideyoshi hoped to use as a foundation to induce the Korean court to join Japan in a war against China. Yasuhiro, with his warrior background and an attitude disdainful of the Korean officials and their customs, failed to receive the promise of future ambassadorial missions from Korea.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Around May 1589, Hideyoshi's second embassy, consisting of Sō Yoshitoshi (or Yoshitomo, 柳川調信), Yanagawa Shigenobu, and Buddhist monk Genso (玄蘇) reached Korea and secured the promise of a Korean embassy to Japan in exchange for a group of Korean rebels which had taken refuge in Japan.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Another daimyō whose military service quota has been preserved in a written record is Shimazu Yoshihiro, whose contribution broke down to:

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The core of the Ming army was the infantry, divided into five sections; those armed with guns, swords, archers with fire arrows, archers with ordinary arrows, and spearmen, backed up by the cavalry and artillery. The basic weapons for the Chinese infantry were the crossbow and the arquebus, while the cavalry were usually mounted archers. Chinese infantry wore conical iron helmets and suits of armor made from leather or iron.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: According to Turnbull, "Chinese field artillery and siege cannon were the finest in the region". Chinese artillery was made from cast iron, and were divided into several types, the most important were the "great general gun" and the "folang zhi" (佛朗支), the latter being breech-loaded artillery guns.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: One of the Chinese commanders was Li Rusong, a man who has been traditionally disparaged in Japanese accounts. In Turnbull's estimate, he was "one of Ming China's most accomplished generals". Although Li was defeated at the Battle of Pyokjeyek, his defeat was temporary. He was an able strategist who achieved his goal of forcing the Japanese out of Korea, and Japanese accounts focusing on his defeat at Pyokjeyek served to distract from his achievements.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Another Chinese naval commander was Chen Lin, a native of Guangdong who proved pivotal in defeating Japan and defending Korea. After helping win the war, Chen was celebrated as a hero in Korea and China. Chen subsequently became the founder of the Gwangdong Jin clan of Korea, and today his descendants are spread across China and Korea. Chen was given the nickname Guangdong Master for his naval and military accomplishments.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The standard Korean gun was the seungja "victory gun", a handheld shotgun-like cannon attached to a staff. Korean artillery however was much superior to Japanese artillery, and unlike the Japanese, the Koreans had built ships capable of carrying heavy cannons.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The two major security threats to Joseon and Ming China at the time were the Jurchen people, who raided along the northern borders, and the wokou, who pillaged the coastal villages and trade ships.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Korean cannon were not adapted for effective use on land, and firearms were of a less advanced design. The small arms carried by Japanese soldiers proved to be particularly effective during land engagements and sieges. This strategic difference in weapons development and implementation contributed to the trend during the war of Japanese dominance on land and Korean dominance at sea.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The Korean court managed to carry out some reforms, but they remained problematic. For example, the military training center established in 1589 in Gyeongsang Province recruited mostly men either too young or too old to be good soldiers, augmented by some adventure-seeking aristocrats and slaves buying their freedom, because able-bodied men of the right age, targeted by the policy, had higher priorities such as farming and other economic activities.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: On the other side, Joseon maintained only a few military units with no field army, and its defense depended heavily on the mobilization of the citizen soldiers in case of emergency. During the first invasion, Joseon deployed a total of 84,500 regular troops throughout, assisted by 22,000 irregular volunteers.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Ming troops never numbered more than 60,000 troops in Korea at any point of the war. Over the course of the war, the Ming sent in total 166,700 troops, and also sent 17 million "liang" worth of silver and supplies to Korea (equivalent to about half a year of revenue for the Ming Empire).

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: During siege actions, Chinese deployed rattan shields and iron pavises (large shields), reputed to be musket-proof. The Chinese used a variety of weapons, including the Chinese long bow, swords, firearms, early kinds of land mines, and early hand grenades.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The Koreans also demonstrated massive use of "hwacha" – multiple rocket-propelled arrows, notably during the Siege of Pyongyang in January 1593. It had the ability to fire up to 200 "singijeon", a type of rocket arrow, all at one time. The "hwacha" consisted of a two-wheeled cart carrying a board filled with holes into which the "singijeon" were inserted. Although the Chinese had their own rocket arrows, the Chinese opted for hand-carried "hu dun pao", or "crouching tiger cannons".

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The King asked him [Shi-eon Lee], "You have already told me about the low accuracy of Japanese muskets. Why, then, are Korean armies having great problem with defeating them?"

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: However, another Korean official, Yu Song-nyong, claims that the Japanese arquebusiers had undeniable superiority over long distances, which (along with low discipline and combat experience of the Korean army) was the main cause of defeats:

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Today, the Japanese exclusively use muskets to attack fortifications. They can reach [the target] from several hundred paces away. Our country’s bows and arrows cannot reach them. At any flat spot outside the walls, the Japanese will build earthen mounds and “flying towers.” They look down into the fortifications and fire their bullets so that the people inside the fortifications cannot conceal themselves. In the end the fortifications are taken. One cannot blame [the defenders] for their situation.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: Please arrange to send us guns and ammunition. There is absolutely no use for spears. It is vital that you arrange somehow to obtain a number of guns. Furthermore, you should certainly see to it that those person departing [for Korea] understand this situation. The arrangements for guns should receive your closest attention.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: When the troops come [to Korea] from the province of Kai, have them bring as many guns as possible, for no other equipment is needed. Give strict orders that all men, even the samurai, carry guns.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: In addition to a lack of effective naval armament, most Japanese ships were modified merchant vessels more suited for transportation of troops and equipment than fielding artillery weapons.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: The Bozhou rebellion by the Chiefdom of Bozhou, which lasted from 1589–1600, was going on in Bozhou (Zunyi, Guizhou) in southwestern China at the same time as the Imjin war in Korea. After winning the war, General Chen Lin would later return to Guizhou to quell the uprisings.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?


Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)

Context: During the period between the first and second invasions, the Korean government had a chance to examine the reasons why they had been easily overrun by the Japanese. Ryu Seong-ryong, the Prime Minister, spoke out about the Korean disadvantages.

Question: 일본은 몇년도에 한국을 침공하였는가?