History of the Internet

Context: The IETF is a loosely self-organized group of international volunteers who contribute to the engineering and evolution of Internet technologies. It is the principal body engaged in the development of new Internet standard specifications. Much of the work of the IETF is organized into "Working Groups". Standardization efforts of the Working Groups are often adopted by the Internet community, but the IETF does not control or patrol the Internet.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: Request for Comments (RFCs) are the main documentation for the work of the IAB, IESG, IETF, and IRTF. RFC 1, "Host Software", was written by Steve Crocker at UCLA in April 1969, well before the IETF was created. Originally they were technical memos documenting aspects of ARPANET development and were edited by Jon Postel, the first RFC Editor.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: ISOC provides financial and organizational support to and promotes the work of the standards settings bodies for which it is the organizational home: the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF). ISOC also promotes understanding and appreciation of the Internet model of open, transparent processes and consensus-based decision-making.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: The IETF, with financial and organizational support from the Internet Society, continues to serve as the Internet's ad-hoc standards body and issues Request for Comments.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: Due to its prominence and immediacy as an effective means of mass communication, the Internet has also become more politicized as it has grown. This has led in turn, to discourses and activities that would once have taken place in other ways, migrating to being mediated by internet.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: Examples include political activities such as public protest and canvassing of support and votes, but also:

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: On February 26, 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by applying Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 of the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech. They both stand for the same concept."

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: On March 12, 2015, the FCC released the specific details of the net neutrality rules. On April 13, 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new "Net Neutrality" regulations.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: On December 14, 2017, the FCC repealed their March 12, 2015 decision by a 3–2 vote regarding net neutrality rules.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: E-mail has often been called the killer application of the Internet. It predates the Internet, and was a crucial tool in creating it. Email started in 1965 as a way for multiple users of a time-sharing mainframe computer to communicate. Although the history is undocumented, among the first systems to have such a facility were the System Development Corporation (SDC) Q32 and the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) at MIT.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: The ARPANET computer network made a large contribution to the evolution of electronic mail. An experimental inter-system transferred mail on the ARPANET shortly after its creation. In 1971 Ray Tomlinson created what was to become the standard Internet electronic mail addressing format, using the @ sign to separate mailbox names from host names.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: A number of protocols were developed to deliver messages among groups of time-sharing computers over alternative transmission systems, such as UUCP and IBM's VNET email system. Email could be passed this way between a number of networks, including ARPANET, BITNET and NSFNET, as well as to hosts connected directly to other sites via UUCP. See the history of SMTP protocol.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: In 1999, Napster became the first peer-to-peer file sharing system. Napster used a central server for indexing and peer discovery, but the storage and transfer of files was decentralized. A variety of peer-to-peer file sharing programs and services with different levels of decentralization and anonymity followed, including: Gnutella, eDonkey2000, and Freenet in 2000, FastTrack, Kazaa, Limewire, and BitTorrent in 2001, and Poisoned in 2003.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: File hosting allowed for people to expand their computer's hard drives and "host" their files on a server. Most file hosting services offer free storage, as well as larger storage amount for a fee. These services have greatly expanded the internet for business and personal use.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: Google Drive, launched on April 24, 2012, has become the most popular file hosting service. Google Drive allows users to store, edit, and share files with themselves and other users. Not only does this application allow for file editing, hosting, and sharing. It also acts as Google's own free-to-access office programs, such as Google Docs, Google Slides, and Google Sheets. This application served as a useful tool for University professors and students, as well as those who are in need of Cloud storage.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: Dropbox, released in June 2007 is a similar file hosting service that allows users to keep all of their files in a folder on their computer, which is synced with Dropbox's servers. This differs from Google Drive as it is not web-browser based. Now, Dropbox works to keep workers and files in sync and efficient.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: Mega, having over 200 million users, is an encrypted storage and communication system that offers users free and paid storage, with an emphasis on privacy. Being three of the largest file hosting services, Google Drive, Dropbox, and Mega all represent the core ideas and values of these services.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: The earliest form of online piracy began with a P2P (peer to peer) music sharing service named Napster, launched in 1999. Sites like LimeWire, The Pirate Bay, and BitTorrent allowed for anyone to engage in online piracy, sending ripples through the media industry. With online piracy came a change in the media industry as a whole.

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


History of the Internet

Context: There are nearly insurmountable problems in supplying a historiography of the Internet's development. The process of digitization represents a twofold challenge both for historiography in general and, in particular, for historical communication research. A sense of the difficulty in documenting early developments that led to the internet can be gathered from the quote:

Question: 인터넷은 언제 처음 도래했나요?


Shanghai

Context: The city has various nicknames in English, including "Pearl of the Orient" and "Paris of the East". This is similar to Ho Chi Minh City (also known as Saigon), in Vietnam, which has also been nicknamed as "Paris of the Orient", due to Vietnam's historical French status.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Shanghai

Context: During the Tang and Song dynasties, Qinglong Town () in modern Qingpu District was a major trading port. Established in 746 (the fifth year of the Tang Tianbao era), it developed into what historically called a "giant town of the Southeast", with thirteen temples and seven pagodas. Mi Fu, a scholar and artist of the Song dynasty, served as its mayor. The port experienced thriving trade with provinces along the Yangtze and the Chinese coast, as well as with foreign countries such as Japan and Silla.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Shanghai

Context: The most pleasant seasons are generally spring, although changeable and often rainy, and autumn, which is usually sunny and dry. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 34% in March to 54% in August, the city receives 1,895 hours of bright sunshine annually. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from on 31 January 1977 (unofficial record of was set on 19 January 1893) to on 21 July 2017 at a weather station in Xujiahui.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Shanghai

Context: One distinctive cultural element is the shikumen (, "stone storage door") residence, typically two- or three-story gray brick houses with the front yard protected by a heavy wooden door in a stylistic stone arch. Each residence is connected and arranged in straight alleys, known as longtang (). The house is similar to western-style terrace houses or townhouses, but distinguishes by the tall, heavy brick wall and archway in front of each house.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Shanghai

Context: The shikumen is a cultural blend of elements found in Western architecture with traditional Jiangnan Chinese architecture and social behavior. Like almost all traditional Chinese dwellings, it has a courtyard, which reduces outside noise. Vegetation can be grown in the courtyard, and it can also allow for sunlight and ventilation to the rooms.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Shanghai

Context: Seven of the districts govern suburbs, satellite towns, and rural areas farther away from the urban core: Baoshan, Minhang, Jiading, Jinshan, Songjiang, Qingpu, and Fengxian.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Shanghai

Context: Chongming District comprises the islands of Changxing and Hengsha and most—but not all—of Chongming Island.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Shanghai

Context: The former district of Nanhui was absorbed into Pudong District in 2009. In 2011, Luwan District merged with Huangpu District. , these county-level divisions are further divided into the following 210 township-level divisions: 109 towns, 2 townships, and 99 subdistricts. Those are in turn divided into the following village-level divisions: 3,661 neighborhood committees and 1,704 village committees.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Shanghai

Context: The $4.4 billion theme park and resort in Pudong features a castle that is the biggest among Disney's resorts. More than 11 million people visited the resort in its first year of operation.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Shanghai

Context: The city is the home of the New Development Bank, a multilateral development bank established by the BRICS states.

Question: 중국에서 가장 큰 도시는 어디인가?


Emperor Gaozu of Tang

Context: His daughter Pingyang sold her possessions to raise an army for him. She persuaded several other leaders to fight under her banner. They took several towns and her army swelled until she had 70,000 troops under her command.

Question: 당나라를 세운 사람은 누구인가?


Emperor Gaozu of Tang

Context: Meanwhile, Li Yuan wrote another rebel leader, Li Mi the Duke of Wei, who was near Luoyang, trying to see if Li Mi would be willing to follow him, but Li Mi, believing in his own strength, had his secretary Zu Junyan () write Li Yuan for him in this way:

Question: 당나라를 세운 사람은 누구인가?


Emperor Gaozu of Tang

Context: In spring 619, Wang Shichong at Luoyang had Yang Tong yield the throne to him, ending the Sui dynasty and establishing a new state of Zheng.

Question: 당나라를 세운 사람은 누구인가?


Emperor Gaozu of Tang

Context: In 620, Li Fuwei captured much of the territory of another agrarian ruler, Li Zitong, the Emperor of Wu, in the lower Yangtze River region, in the name of Tang Dynasty. Li Zitong, in turn, defeated and took over the territory of Shen Faxing the Prince of Liang, roughly modern Zhejiang.

Question: 당나라를 세운 사람은 누구인가?


Emperor Gaozu of Tang

Context: Also in 621, Li Xiaogong defeated Xiao Xian the Emperor of Liang, who had controlled the modern Hubei, Hunan, and Guangxi region, forcing Xiao Xian to surrender. On another front, Li Fuwei's lieutenant Fu Gongshi defeated Li Zitong, forcing him to surrender as well. Liang and Wu territory were seized by Tang.

Question: 당나라를 세운 사람은 누구인가?


Satellite

Context: A satellite is an object that is intentionally placed into orbit. These objects are called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as Earth's Moon.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: A few large space stations, including the International Space Station, have been launched in parts and assembled in orbit. Over a dozen space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites of the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, a few asteroids, a comet and the Sun.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Satellites are used for many purposes. Among several other applications, they can be used to make star maps and maps of planetary surfaces, and also take pictures of planets they are launched into. Common types include military and civilian Earth observation satellites, communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and space telescopes. Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Satellites can operate by themselves or as part of a larger system, a satellite formation or satellite constellation.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Satellite orbits have a large range depending on the purpose of the satellite, and are classified in a number of ways. Well-known (overlapping) classes include low Earth orbit, polar orbit, and geostationary orbit.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: A launch vehicle is a rocket that places a satellite into orbit. Usually, it lifts off from a launch pad on land. Some are launched at sea from a submarine or a mobile maritime platform, or aboard a plane (see air launch to orbit).

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Satellites are usually semi-independent computer-controlled systems. Satellite subsystems attend many tasks, such as power generation, thermal control, telemetry, attitude control, scientific instrumentation, communication, etc.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The first published mathematical study of the possibility of an artificial satellite was Newton's cannonball, a thought experiment by Isaac Newton to explain the motion of natural satellites, in his "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" (1687). The first fictional depiction of a satellite being launched into orbit was a short story by Edward Everett Hale, "The Brick Moon" (1869). The idea surfaced again in Jules Verne's "The Begum's Fortune" (1879).

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: In 1903, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935) published "Exploring Space Using Jet Propulsion Devices", which is the first academic treatise on the use of rocketry to launch spacecraft. He calculated the orbital speed required for a minimal orbit, and that a multi-stage rocket fueled by liquid propellants could achieve this.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: In 1928, Herman Potočnik (1892–1929) published his sole book, "The Problem of Space Travel – The Rocket Motor". He described the use of orbiting spacecraft for observation of the ground and described how the special conditions of space could be useful for scientific experiments.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: In a 1945 "Wireless World" article, the English science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke described in detail the possible use of communications satellites for mass communications. He suggested that three geostationary satellites would provide coverage over the entire planet.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: In February 1954 Project RAND released "Scientific Uses for a Satellite Vehicle", written by R.R. Carhart. This expanded on potential scientific uses for satellite vehicles and was followed in June 1955 with "The Scientific Use of an Artificial Satellite", by H.K. Kallmann and W.W. Kellogg.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: In the context of activities planned for the International Geophysical Year (1957–58), the White House announced on 29 July 1955 that the U.S. intended to launch satellites by the spring of 1958. This became known as Project Vanguard. On 31 July, the Soviets announced that they intended to launch a satellite by the fall of 1957.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Sputnik 2 was launched on 3 November 1957 and carried the first living passenger into orbit, a dog named Laika.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: In early 1955, following pressure by the American Rocket Society, the National Science Foundation, and the International Geophysical Year, the Army and Navy were working on Project Orbiter with two competing programs. The army used the Jupiter C rocket, while the civilian/Navy program used the Vanguard rocket to launch a satellite. Explorer 1 became the United States' first artificial satellite on 31 January 1958.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Early satellites were constructed to unique designs. With advancements in technology, multiple satellites began to be built on single model platforms called satellite buses. The first standardized satellite bus design was the HS-333 geosynchronous (GEO) communication satellite launched in 1972. Beginning in 1997, FreeFlyer is a commercial off-the-shelf software application for satellite mission analysis, design and operations.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Fixed satellite services handle hundreds of billions of voice, data, and video transmission tasks across all countries and continents between certain points on the Earth's surface.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Mobile satellite systems help connect remote regions, vehicles, ships, people and aircraft to other parts of the world and/or other mobile or stationary communications units, in addition to serving as navigation systems.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Scientific research satellites provide meteorological information, land survey data (e.g. remote sensing), Amateur (HAM) Radio, and other different scientific research applications such as earth science, marine science, and atmospheric research.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The commonly used altitude classifications of geocentric orbit are Low Earth orbit (LEO), Medium Earth orbit (MEO) and High Earth orbit (HEO). Low Earth orbit is any orbit below 2,000 km. Medium Earth orbit is any orbit between 2,000 and 35,786 km. High Earth orbit is any orbit higher than 35,786 km.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The satellite's functional versatility is embedded within its technical components and its operations characteristics. Looking at the "anatomy" of a typical satellite, one discovers two modules. Note that some novel architectural concepts such as Fractionated spacecraft somewhat upset this taxonomy.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The structural subsystem provides the mechanical base structure with adequate stiffness to withstand stress and vibrations experienced during launch, maintain structural integrity and stability while on station in orbit, and shields the satellite from extreme temperature changes and micro-meteorite damage.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The telemetry subsystem (aka Command and Data Handling, C&DH) monitors the on-board equipment operations, transmits equipment operation data to the earth control station, and receives the earth control station's commands to perform equipment operation adjustments.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The power subsystem may consist of solar panels to convert solar energy into electrical power, regulation and distribution functions, and batteries that store power and supply the satellite when it passes into the Earth's shadow. Nuclear power sources (Radioisotope thermoelectric generator) have also been used in several successful satellite programs including the Nimbus program (1964–1978).

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The thermal control subsystem helps protect electronic equipment from extreme temperatures due to intense sunlight or the lack of sun exposure on different sides of the satellite's body (e.g. optical solar reflector)

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The attitude and orbit control subsystem consists of sensors to measure vehicle orientation, control laws embedded in the flight software, and actuators (reaction wheels, thrusters). These apply the torques and forces needed to re-orient the vehicle to the desired altitude, keep the satellite in the correct orbital position, and keep antennas pointed in the right directions.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The second major module is the communication payload, which is made up of transponders. A transponder is capable of :

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Instead of being de-orbited, most satellites in the first six decades of spaceflight were either left in their current orbit or moved to a graveyard orbit. As of 2002, the FCC requires all geostationary satellites to commit to moving to a graveyard orbit at the end of their operational life prior to launch.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: In cases of uncontrolled de-orbiting, the major variable is the solar flux, and minor variables are the components and form factor of the satellite itself, as well as gravitational perturbations generated by the Sun and the Moon. The nominal breakup altitude due to aerodynamic forces and temperatures is 78 km, with a range between 72 and 84 km. Solar panels, however, are destroyed before any other component at altitudes between 90 and 95 km.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: After the late 2010s, and especially after the advent and operational fielding of large satellite internet constellations—where on-orbit active satellites more than doubled over a period of five years—the companies building the constellations began to propose regular planned deorbiting of the older satellites that reach end of life, as a part of the regulatory process of obtaining a launch license.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: By the early 2000s, and particularly after the advent of CubeSats and increased launches of microsats—frequently launched to the lower altitudes of low Earth orbit (LEO)—satellites began to more frequently be designed to demise, or breakup and burnup entirely in the atmosphere.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: For example, SpaceX Starlink satellites, the first large satellite internet constellation to exceed 1000 active satellites on orbit in ~2020, are designed to be 100% demisable and burn up completely on atmospheric reentry at end of life, or in the event of an early satellite failure.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Orbital Sciences Corporation launched a satellite into orbit on the Pegasus in 1990. SpaceX launched a satellite into orbit on the Falcon 1 in 2008. Rocket Lab launched three cubesats into orbit on the Electron in 2018.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: †-note: Both Chile and Belarus used Russian companies as principal contractors to build their satellites, they used Russian-Ukrainian manufactured rockets and launched either from Russia or Kazakhstan.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Since the mid-2000s, satellites have been hacked by militant organizations to broadcast propaganda and to pilfer classified information from military communication networks.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Due to the low received signal strength of satellite transmissions, they are prone to jamming by land-based transmitters. Such jamming is limited to the geographical area within the transmitter's range. GPS satellites are potential targets for jamming, but satellite phone and television signals have also been subjected to jamming.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Also, it is very easy to transmit a carrier radio signal to a geostationary satellite and thus interfere with the legitimate uses of the satellite's transponder. It is common for Earth stations to transmit at the wrong time or on the wrong frequency in commercial satellite space, and dual-illuminate the transponder, rendering the frequency unusable. Satellite operators now have sophisticated monitoring that enables them to pinpoint the source of any carrier and manage the transponder space effectively.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: During the last five decades, space agencies have sent thousands of space crafts, space capsules, or satellites to the universe. In fact, weather forecasters make predictions on the weather and natural calamities based on observations from these satellites.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Issues like space debris, radio and light pollution are increasing in magnitude and at the same time lack progress in national or international regulation.<ref name="10.1038/s41550-022-01655-6"></ref> Space debris poses dangers to spacecraft (including satellites) in or crossing geocentric orbits and have the potential to drive a Kessler syndrome which could potentially curtail humanity from conducting space endeavors in the future by making such nearly impossible.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Some notable satellite failures that polluted and dispersed radioactive materials are Kosmos 954, Kosmos 1402 and the Transit 5-BN-3.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Generally liability has been covered by the Liability Convention. Using wood as an alternative material has been posited in order to reduce pollution and debris from satellites that reenter the atmosphere.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: An Earth observation satellite or Earth remote sensing satellite is a satellite used or designed for Earth observation (EO) from orbit, including spy satellites and similar ones intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, cartography and others. The most common type are Earth imaging satellites, that take satellite images, analogous to aerial photographs; some EO satellites may perform remote sensing without forming pictures, such as in GNSS radio occultation.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The United States Army Ballistic Missile Agency launched the first American satellite, Explorer 1, for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory on January 31, 1958. The information sent back from its radiation detector led to the discovery of the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts. The TIROS-1 spacecraft, launched on April 1, 1960 as part of NASA's Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) program, sent back the first television footage of weather patterns to be taken from space.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: In 2008, more than 150 Earth observation satellites were in orbit, recording data with both passive and active sensors and acquiring more than 10 terabits of data daily. By 2021, that total had grown to over 950, with the largest number of satellites operated by US-based company Planet Labs.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: To get (nearly) global coverage with a low orbit, a polar orbit is used. A low orbit will have an orbital period of roughly 100 minutes and the Earth will rotate around its polar axis about 25° between successive orbits. The ground track moves towards the west 25° each orbit, allowing a different section of the globe to be scanned with each orbit. Most are in Sun-synchronous orbits.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: A geostationary orbit, at , allows a satellite to hover over a constant spot on the earth since the orbital period at this altitude is 24 hours. This allows uninterrupted coverage of more than 1/3 of the Earth per satellite, so three satellites, spaced 120° apart, can cover the whole Earth except the extreme polar regions. This type of orbit is mainly used for meteorological satellites.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: A weather satellite is a type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. These meteorological satellites, however, see more than clouds and cloud systems. City lights, fires, effects of pollution, auroras, sand and dust storms, snow cover, ice mapping, boundaries of ocean currents, energy flows, etc., are other types of environmental information collected using weather satellites.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: Weather satellite images helped in monitoring the volcanic ash cloud from Mount St. Helens and activity from other volcanoes such as Mount Etna. Smoke from fires in the western United States such as Colorado and Utah have also been monitored.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: These types of satellites are almost always in Sun-synchronous and "frozen" orbits. A sun-synchronous orbit passes over each spot on the ground at the same time of day, so that observations from each pass can be more easily compared, since the sun is in the same spot in each observation. A "frozen" orbit is the closest possible orbit to a circular orbit that is undisturbed by the oblateness of the Earth, gravitational attraction from the sun and moon, solar radiation pressure, and air drag.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Earth exploration-satellite service (also: Earth exploration-satellite radiocommunication service) is – according to "Article 1.51" of the ITU Radio Regulations (RR) – defined as:

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: A radiocommunication service between earth stations and one or more space stations, which may include links between space stations, in which:

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: This "radiocommunication service" is classified in accordance with "ITU Radio Regulations" (article 1) as follows:

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to "Article 5" of the ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2012).

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service-allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national Tables of Frequency Allocations and Utilisations which is with-in the responsibility of the appropriate national administration. The allocation might be primary, secondary, exclusive, and shared.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Satellite

Context: However, military usage, in bands where there is civil usage, will be in accordance with the ITU Radio Regulations.

Question: 역사상 최초로 궤도에 오른 인공위성은 무엇인가?


Forbes

Context: The magazine is well known for its lists and rankings, including of the richest Americans (the Forbes 400), of the America's Wealthiest Celebrities, of the world's top companies (the Forbes Global 2000), Forbes list of the World's Most Powerful People, and The World's Billionaires. The motto of "Forbes" magazine is "Change the World". Its chair and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes, and its CEO is Mike Federle. In 2014, it was sold to a Hong Kong-based investment group, Integrated Whale Media Investments.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: Bruce Forbes took over on his father's death, and his strengths lay in streamlining operations and developing marketing. During his tenure, 1954–1964, the magazine's circulation nearly doubled.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: In January 2010, "Forbes" reached an agreement to sell its headquarters building on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan to New York University; terms of the deal were not publicly reported, but Forbes was to continue to occupy the space under a five-year sale-leaseback arrangement. The company's headquarters moved to the Newport section of downtown Jersey City, New Jersey, in 2014.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: Isaac Stone Fish wrote in the "Washington Post", "Since that purchase, there have been several instances of editorial meddling on stories involving China that raise questions about Forbes magazine's commitment to editorial independence."

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: On August 26, 2021, Forbes announced their plans to go public via a merger with a special-purpose acquisition company called Magnum Opus Acquisition, and starting to trade at the New York Stock Exchange as FRBS. In February 2022, it was announced that Cryptocurrency exchange Binance would acquire a $200 million stake in Forbes as a result of the SPAC floatation.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: Apart from "Forbes" and its lifestyle supplement, "Forbes Life", other titles include "Forbes Asia" and 45 local language editions, including:

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: The company formerly published "American Legacy" magazine as a joint venture, although that magazine separated from Forbes on May 14, 2007.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: The company also formerly published "American Heritage" and "Invention & Technology" magazines. After failing to find a buyer, Forbes suspended publication of these two magazines as of May 17, 2007. Both magazines were purchased by the American Heritage Publishing Company and resumed publication as of the spring of 2008.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: In 2013, Forbes licensed its brand to Ashford University, and assisted them launch the Forbes School of Business & Technology. Forbes Media CEO Mike Federle justified the licensing in 2018, stating that "Our licensing business is almost a pure-profit business, because it's an annual annuity." Forbes would launch limited promotions for the school in limited issues. Forbes would never formally endorse the school.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: On January 6, 2014, "Forbes" magazine announced that, in partnership with app creator Maz, it was launching a social networking app called "Stream". Stream allows Forbes readers to save and share visual content with other readers and discover content from "Forbes" magazine and Forbes.com within the app.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: Currently, the website also blocks internet users using ad blocking software from accessing articles, demanding that the website be put on the ad blocking software's whitelist before access is granted. Forbes argues that this is done because customers using ad blocking software do not contribute to the site's revenue. Malware attacks have been noted to occur from Forbes site.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: In November 2019, Forbes launched its streaming platform Forbes8, an on-demand video network debuting a slate of original content aimed at entrepreneurs. The network currently features thousands of videos and according to Forbes is "a Netflix for entrepreneurs". In 2020, the network announced the release of several documentary series including Forbes Rap Mentors, Driven Against the Odds, Indie Nation and Titans on the Rocks.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Forbes

Context: Launched as an invite-only platform, Forbes Business Council is open to SMEs and MSMEs across the globe. There is a fee to join the Councils. The platform helps entrepreneurs and founders connect with like-minded people, collaborate, as well as publish posts on Forbes.com.

Question: 포브스 매거진은 언제 창간했나요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister heads the executive branch of the federal government of Australia and is also accountable to federal parliament under the principles of responsible government. Anthony Albanese of the Labor Party became prime minister on 23 May 2022.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: Thirty-one people have served as prime minister, the first of whom was Edmund Barton taking office on 1 January 1901 following federation. The longest-serving prime minister was Robert Menzies, who served over 18 years, and the shortest-serving was Frank Forde, who served one week. There is no legislated line of succession, however convention determines that the governor-general shall commission the deputy prime minister on a caretaker basis in the event of a vacancy.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: Despite the importance of the office of prime minister, the Constitution does not mention the office by name. The conventions of the Westminster system were thought to be sufficiently entrenched in Australia by the authors of the Constitution that it was deemed unnecessary to detail these. Indeed, prior to Federation in 1901 the terms "premier" and "prime minister" were used interchangeably for the head of government in a colony.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: If a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by the House of Representatives, or the House passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the prime minister is bound by convention to either resign or immediately advise the governor-general to dissolve the House of Representatives and hold a fresh election.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: Excluding the brief transition periods during changes of government or leadership elections, there have only been a handful of cases where someone other than the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives was prime minister:

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: Most of the prime minister's power derives from being the head of government. In practice, the Federal Executive Council acts to ratify all executive decisions made by the government and requires the support of the prime minister. The powers of the prime minister are to direct the governor-general through advice to grant royal assent to legislation, to dissolve and prorogue parliament, to call elections and to make government appointments, which the governor-general follows according to convention.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: The Constitution divides power between the federal government and the states, and the prime minister is constrained by this.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: As of 1 July 2019, Australia's prime minister is paid a total salary of $549,250. This is made up of the 'base salary' received by all Members of Parliament ($211,250) plus a 160 percent 'additional salary' for the role of prime minister. Increases in the base salary of MPs and senators are determined annually by the independent Remuneration Tribunal.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: During his first term, Rudd had a staff at The Lodge consisting of a senior chef and an assistant chef, a child carer, one senior house attendant, and two junior house attendants. At Kirribilli House in Sydney, there are a full-time chef and a full-time house attendant.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: The official residences are fully staffed and catered for both the prime minister and their family. In addition, both have extensive security facilities. These residences are regularly used for official entertaining, such as receptions for Australian of the Year finalists.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: The prime minister receives a number of transport amenities for official business. The Royal Australian Air Force's Airbus A330 MRTT, or KC30-A, transports the prime minister within Australia and overseas. The call-sign for the aircraft is "Envoy". For ground travel, the prime minister is transported in an armoured BMW 7 Series model. It is referred to as "C-1", or Commonwealth One, because of its number plate. It is escorted by police vehicles from state and federal authorities.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: Politicians, including prime ministers, are usually granted certain privileges after leaving office, such as office accommodation, staff assistance, and a Life Gold Pass which entitles the holder to travel within Australia for "non-commercial" purposes at government expense. In 2017, then prime minister Malcolm Turnbull said the pass should be available only to former prime ministers, though he would not use it when he was no longer PM.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: The deputy prime minister becomes acting prime minister if the prime minister is unable to undertake the role for a short time, for example if they are ill, overseas or on leave (and if both are unavailable, then another senior minister takes on this role). The "Acts Interpretation Act 1901" confers upon acting ministers "the same power and authority with respect to the absent Minister's statutory responsibilities".

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: If the prime minister were to die, then the deputy prime minister would be appointed prime minister by the governor-general until the government votes for another member to be its leader. This happened when Harold Holt disappeared in 1967, when John McEwen was appointed prime minister. On the other two occasions that the prime minister has died in office, in 1939 and 1945, Earle Page and Frank Forde, respectively, were appointed prime minister.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: Prime ministers have been granted numerous honours, typically after their period as prime minister has concluded, with a few exceptions.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: Non-titular honours were also bestowed on former prime ministers, usually the Order of the Companions of Honour. This honour was awarded to Bruce (1927), Lyons (1936), Hughes (1941), Page (1942), Menzies (1951), Holt (1967), McEwen (1969), Gorton (1971), McMahon (1972), and Fraser (1977), mostly during office as prime minister.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: In almost all occasions these honours were only accepted by non-Labor/conservative prime ministers. However, appointment to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom was accepted by all prime ministers until 1983 (with the exception of Alfred Deakin, Chris Watson and Gough Whitlam), with Malcolm Fraser being the last prime ministerial appointee.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: John Howard was also appointed to the Order of Merit, whose appointments are within the personal gift of the Queen, in 2012.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: In addition to these honours, all deceased former prime ministers of Australia currently have federal electorates named after them, with the exception of Joseph Cook (a Division of Cook does exist, but it is named after explorer James Cook). The most recently created of these electorates is the Division of Hawke, named in honour of the recently deceased Bob Hawke in 2021.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: The most recent death of a former prime minister was Bob Hawke (served from 1983 to 1991) on 16 May 2019, aged 89.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: The longest-serving prime minister was Robert Menzies, who served in office twice: from 26 April 1939 to 28 August 1941, and again from 19 December 1949 to 26 January 1966. In total Robert Menzies spent 18 years, 5 months and 12 days in office. He served under the United Australia Party and the Liberal Party respectively.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Prime Minister of Australia

Context: The shortest-serving prime minister was Frank Forde, who was appointed to the position on 6 July 1945 after the death of John Curtin, and served until 13 July 1945 when Ben Chifley was elected leader of the Australian Labor Party.

Question: 오스트레일리아 현재 총리는 누구인가요?


Brunei dollar

Context: Early currency in Brunei included cowrie shells. Brunei is also famous for its bronze teapots, which were used as currency in barter trade along the coast of northern Borneo. The Spanish-American silver dollar brought over by the Manila galleons was in wide use for Brunei's international trade from the 16th to 19th centuries; the 19th century Straits dollar was itself derived from the same coin.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: Brunei issued tin coins denominated in pitis in AH1285 (AD1868). These were followed by a one cent coin in AH1304 (AD1888). This cent was one hundredth of a Straits dollar.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: As a protectorate of Britain in the early 20th century, Brunei used the Straits dollar from 1906, the Malayan dollar from 1939 and the Malaya and British Borneo dollar from 1953 until 1967, when it began issuing its own currency.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: Coins were used in Brunei from the 10th century. The Straits dollar was also used in Brunei from 1906.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: The last coin to be issued before the introduction of the Straits Settlements currency was the ‘Duit Bintang’, otherwise known as the ‘Star coin’ or the 'Star Cent'. It is called the Star coin because of the star imprinted on the obverse of the coin. It was minted in Birmingham, England, in 1887. It was made from copper.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: With the introduction of the Straits Settlements currency, the previously used coins were taken out of circulation. They were, however still used with certain exchange rates.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: The Straits dollar was introduced in Brunei in 1906. It was later replaced by the Malayan dollar which was introduced to British colonies and Brunei in 1939. It replaced the Straits dollar at par with a 1:1 exchange rate. The Malayan dollar was issued by the Board of Commissioners of Currency in Malaya. The board stopped issuing the Malayan dollar during the Japanese invasion during World War II. The Malayan dollar had the portrait of King George VI in front of the note.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: In 1952, the board was renamed the Board of Commissioners of Malaya and British Borneo. The board then began to issue notes to Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, British North Borneo, and Brunei in 1953. This was known as the Malaya and British Borneo dollar.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: In 1967, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents. Except for the bronze 1 cent, the coins were struck in cupro-nickel. In 1986, copper-clad steel replaced bronze. Later, in 2008, the 1 cent coins switched compositions to brass.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: Five series of notes have been issued. The colours of $1, $5, and $10 notes have been the same for all the series of banknotes.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: First series (1967) – currency with the portrait of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin III, the 28th ruler of Brunei.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: Second series – This series was the same as the first series with exception that the portrait of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin was replaced by the portrait of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, the 29th and current ruler of Brunei. All subsequent currency has the portrait of Hassanal Bolkiah. In addition, two new higher denominations were issued in 1979.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: Third series – the post independence series. This series was gradually being replaced by the fourth series.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: Polymer banknotes were introduced in (2004) due to high cases of banknote forgery. All of them are polymer. The $100 note of this series has won a gold medal award for its security features in the 22nd National Print Award in Australia in May 2005.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: The S$10,000 and B$10,000 notes are the world's most valuable banknotes, worth USD 8000 as of September 2014 (that are officially in circulation). They are worth eight times as much as the next most valuable, the 1000 Swiss franc note (USD 1063). From 6 November 2020, AMBD has announced it will stop printing B$10,000 notes to reduce the risk of money laundering. Brunei has also stopped the issuance of B$10,000 and is in the process of withdrawing it from active circulation.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: To commemorate the 65th birthday of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. Shortly after the notes were issued, the Braille dots on the upper left front corner of the new polymer notes are not raised. The Braille dots cannot be felt tactilely, and they are not accurately rendered as Braille numbers corresponding to the denominations. Specifically, the spacing of the dots is wrong, and they lack the lead-in character that indicates that numbers follow.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: This was issued during the silver jubilee (25th anniversary) of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah acceding to the throne. The design is of the 1989 series of currency.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: On 27 June 2007, Singapore and Brunei celebrated the 40th anniversary of the Currency Interchangeability Agreement (since 12 June 1967) by joint-issuing commemorative $20 notes.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: The two authorities issue distinct versions of the new $20 notes. They are both yellow, 149 × 72 mm in size, and made of polymer. The reverses are almost identical except that the Brunei version has their state title in Jawi script, while the Singaporean version has the state title of Brunei in Latin script. The obverse of the Singaporean version is similar to the current Portrait Series, whereas the obverse of the Brunei version is similar to the $50 and $100 of the 2004 series.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: There is a limited edition set, which consists of both versions in a folder, with matching serial number. The notes have "40th Anniversary Currency Interchangeability Agreement" overprinted on obverse. In addition, the Singaporean version has the two countries' state crests above the commemorative text. Only 12,000 sets are available, 10,000 from the Monetary Authority of Singapore, and 2,000 from the Brunei Currency and Monetary Board.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: In 2017, both Brunei and Singapore issued $50 polymer banknotes in commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of its Currency Interchangeability Agreement.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


Brunei dollar

Context: In 2017, the Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam ("Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam") issued a $50 polymer banknote to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Sultan Hassan al-Bolkiah's accession to the throne.

Question: 브루나이의 화폐는 무엇인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: The president of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar () is the head of state and constitutional head of government of Myanmar. The president leads the Cabinet of Myanmar, the executive branch of the Burmese government. The current president is Myint Swe, who assumed the presidency in an acting capacity through a military coup d'état on 1 February 2021.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: The president is elected by members of parliament, not by the general population; specifically the Presidential Electoral College, a three-committee body composed of members of parliament, elects the president. Each of the three committees, made up of Amyotha Hluttaw, Pyithu Hluttaw members of parliament, or military-appointed lawmakers, nominates a candidate for presidency.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: The president is the head of state and head of government. The position of President was created in 1948, with the adoption of the Burmese Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom. Since then, eleven people have held the office (with two of them doing so on multiple occasions).

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: Due to the country's long period of military rule, it has not been uncommon for the prime minister to be a serving (or recently retired) military officer. The actual power of the prime minister has considerably varied over time, differing based on who holds the office. In 2004, a power struggle between the then–head of state, Senior General Than Shwe, chairman of the State Peace and Development Council, and his President, General Khin Nyunt, resulted in the prime minister being dismissed and arrested.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: The Constitution of Myanmar sets the principle qualifications that the candidate must meet to be eligible to the office of the President. in Chapter 1: The President, Part I: The Federation of Myanmar in the Constitution of Myanmar. President has to be:

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: Moreover, upon taking oath in office, the president is constitutionally forbidden from taking part in any political party activities (Chapter III, 64).

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: The president is not directly elected by Burmese voters; instead, they are indirectly elected by the Presidential Electoral College (), an electoral body made of three separate committees. One committee is composed of MPs who represent the proportions of MPs elected from each Region or State; another is composed of MPs who represent the proportions of MPs elected from each township population; the third is of military-appointed MPs personally nominated by the Defence Services' commander-in-chief.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: This process is similar to the one prescribed by the 1947 Constitution, in which MPs from the Parliament's Chamber of Nationalities and Chamber of Deputies elected the president by secret ballot. The President was then responsible for appointing a prime minister (on the advice of the Chamber of Deputies), who was constitutionally recognised as the head of government and led the Cabinet.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: Before independence, Myanmar had two quasi-constitutions, The government of Burma Act, 1935 and Constitution of Burma under Japanese occupation, 1943. After independence, Myanmar adopted three constitutions in 1947, 1974 and 2008. The 2008 constitution is the present constitution of Myanmar.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: Prior to 1863, different regions of modern-day Burma were governed separately. From 1862 to 1923, the colonial administration, housed in Rangoon's Secretariat building, was headed by a chief commissioner (1862–1897) or a lieutenant-governor (1897–1923), who headed the administration, underneath the governor-general of India.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: From 31 January 1862 to 1 May 1897, British Burma was headed by a chief commissioner. The subsequent expansion of British Burma, with the acquisitions of Upper Burma and the Shan States throughout this period increased the demands of the position, and led to an upgrade in the colonial leadership and an expansion of government (Burma was accorded a separate government and legislative council in 1897).

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: Burma became independent in 1948. There was a president from 1948 to 1962, and then 1974 and 1988. Between 1962 and 1974 and between 1988 and 2011, Burma was headed by military regimes. The office of the president was restored in 2011.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: Approved in a 1973 referendum, the 1974 constitution was the second constitution to be written. It created a unicameral legislature called the People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw), represented by members of the Burma Socialist Programme Party The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma. Each term was 4 years. Ne Win became the president at this time.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: Upon taking power in September 1988, the military based State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) suspended the 1974 constitution. The SLORC called a constitutional convention in 1993, but it was suspended in 1996 when the National League for Democracy (NLD) boycotted it, calling it undemocratic. The constitutional convention was again called in 2004, but without the NLD. Myanmar remained without a constitution until 2008.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: On 9 April 2008, the military government of Myanmar (Burma) released its proposed constitution for the country to be put to a vote in public referendum on 10 May 2008, as part of its roadmap to democracy. The constitution is hailed by the military as heralding a return to democracy, but the opposition sees it as a tool for continuing military control of the country.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


President of Myanmar

Context: On 15 March 2016, the Assembly of the Union elected Htin Kyaw as the 9th president of Myanmar. He resigned on 21 March 2018 and Myint Swe became acting president.

Question: 2019년 미얀마의 지도자는 누구인가?


Narmer

Context: The Egyptian presence in Canaan is best demonstrated by the presence of pottery made from Egyptian Nile clay and found in Canaan, as well as pottery made from local clay, but in the Egyptian style. The latter suggests the existence of Egyptian colonies rather than just trade.

Question: 고대 이집트 문명의 첫 번째 왕은 누구인가?


Narmer

Context: The nature of Egypt's role in Canaan has been vigorously debated, between scholars who suggest a military invasion and others proposing that only trade and colonization were involved. Although the latter has gained predominance, the presence of fortifications at Tell es-Sakan dating to the Dynasty 0 through early Dynasty 1 period, and built almost entirely using an Egyptian style of construction, demonstrate that there must have also been some kind of Egyptian military presence.

Question: 고대 이집트 문명의 첫 번째 왕은 누구인가?


Nazi Party

Context: The first table below describes the organizational structure for the "Gaue" that existed before their dissolution in 1945. Information on former "Gaue" (that were either renamed, or dissolved by being divided or merged with other "Gaue") is provided in the second table.

Question: 나치의 약칭은 무엇인가요?


Nazi Party

Context: When it came to power in 1933, the Nazi Party had over members. In 1939, the membership total rose to 5.3 million with 81% being male and 19% being female. It continued to attract many more and by 1945 the party reached its peak of 8 million with 63% being male and 37% being female (about 10% of the German population of 80 million).

Question: 나치의 약칭은 무엇인가요?


Nazi Party

Context: Under Beneš decree No. 16/1945 Coll., in case of citizens of Czechoslovakia membership of the Nazi Party was punishable by between five and twenty years of imprisonment.

Question: 나치의 약칭은 무엇인가요?


Nazi Party

Context: The design, with the centred swastika disc, served as the party flag from 1920. Between 1933 (when the Nazi Party came to power) and 1935, it was used as the National flag () and Merchant flag (), but interchangeably with the . In 1935, the black-white-red horizontal tricolour was scrapped (again) and the was instituted as the national flag, and remained as such until 1945. The flag with the centred disk continued to be used after 1935, but exclusively as the , the flag of the party.

Question: 나치의 약칭은 무엇인가요?


Keio University

Context: It is the oldest institute of western higher education in Japan. Its founder, Fukuzawa Yukichi, originally established it as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo.

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Keio University

Context: The university has eleven campuses in Tokyo and Kanagawa. It has ten undergraduate faculties: Letters, Economics, Law, Business and Commerce, Medicine, Science and Technology, Policy Management, Environment and Information Studies, Nursing and Medical Care, and Pharmacy. There are fourteen graduate schools (listed below) and both on- and off-campus research institutes and facilities.

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Keio University

Context: There are 1,908 international students in May 1, 2021, with 874 undergraduate students (3.1% of total undergraduate students (=28,667) ), 861 graduate students (18.0% of total graduate students (=4,802) ) and 173 other students. China is the country which provides the most international students with 1,016, followed by South Korea (436), France (66), Taiwan (51), the United States (36), Indonesia (34), and Germany (29).

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Keio University

Context: The Kei-So baseball rivalry, which dates back more than a century, is especially famous because of its importance in Japanese baseball history. The most famous Kei-So baseball game, which was played on October 16, 1943, was made into a movie titled "" in 2008.

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Keio University

Context: In June 2017, the school's election committee unconventionally selected "Haseyama Akira", a legal history professor who only won second place at the general election amongst teachers and staffs, to be the school's new president, breaking a 50-year convention.

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Keio University

Context: In late 2019, both the American football team and the cheerleading club suspended club activities for "inappropriate behaviours".

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Keio University

Context: In January 2020, it was reported that a former member of the school president's secretarial staff had installed camera in a female toilet stall on Mita campus, filming over a thousand videos over 3 months.

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Keio University

Context: On the other hand, the top 3 largest expenses in 2010 were "Compensation and benefits", "Education & Research" and "Investment", with 65 billion yen, 52 billion yen and 33 billion yen respectively. The total asset value in 2010 was about 364 billion yen with increase of 5 billion yen. In addition, the total amount of assets under management was approximately 109 billion yen in 2010, composed by mainly cash, deposit with banks and marketable securities.

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Keio University

Context: The university tuition fee system in Japan is different from other countries and very complicated. In most Japanese universities, there are more payment requirements in the first year such as "entrance fees", and less in the rest of the years. There are several types of fees (some require to pay only once and some require to pay once or twice every year) and so-called "course fee" is officially only one of those fees.

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Keio University

Context: Although it is acceptable to pay twice with half in spring and half in autumn, the "entrance fee" is necessary to be paid before enrollment. The entrance fee for undergraduate study is 200,000 yen and the one for graduate study is 310,000 yen.

Question: 일본에서 가장 오래된 학교는 무엇인가?


Penny Black

Context: Initially, Hill specified that the stamps should be 3/4 inch square, but altered the dimensions to 3/4 inch wide by 7/8 inch tall (approx 19 x 22 mm) to accommodate the writing at the bottom. The word "POSTAGE" at the top of the design distinguishes it from a revenue stamp, which had long been used in the UK; "ONE PENNY." at the bottom shows the amount pre-paid for postage of the stamped letter. The background to the portrait consists of finely engraved engine turnings.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 우표는 무엇인가?


Penny Black

Context: Although the stamps were not officially issued for sale until 6 May 1840, some offices such as those in Bath sold the stamps unofficially before that date. There are covers postmarked 2 May, and a single example is known on cover dated 1 May 1840. All London post offices received official supplies of the new stamps but other offices throughout the United Kingdom did not, continuing to accept payments for postage in cash for a period.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 우표는 무엇인가?


Penny Black

Context: Imprimatur sheets are from among the first sheets of stamps printed from a finished printing plate. The actual imprimatur (Let it be printed) refers to the written permission of the Inland Revenue officials entered on the back of the sheet of stamps. In the 19th century, it was common for officials to remove some stamps from each sheet to present as gifts to dignitaries and other important people. Individual stamps from an Imprimatur sheet can thus be found for sale on the open market.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 우표는 무엇인가?


Penny Black

Context: The stamps were printed in imperforate sheets, to be carefully cut with scissors for sale and use. As a result, stamps with badly cut margins, or no margins, are common and worth very little, while examples with four clear margins are rare and valuable, and fetch very high prices, especially if in mint condition.

Question: 세상에서 가장 오래된 우표는 무엇인가?


Rikers Island

Context: The net expansion of the island enabled the jail facilities to also expand. The original penitentiary building, completed in 1935, was called HDM or the House of Detention for Men; it became a maximum security facility called the James A. Thomas Center and closed due to structural issues in 2000.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: During the AIDS crisis in the 1980s and 1990s, at the request of the Association for Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT) and the Executive Director Yolanda Serrano, the prison granted early release to terminal HIV-positive inmates so that they could die peacefully in their own homes.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: The prison housed juvenile inmates until 2018. The move was prompted by a law passed by New York state in 2017 requiring that juvenile inmates under 18 be housed separately from adults.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: In the months following, there had been plans to build an additional facility on the island that consisted of 1,500 beds. In November 2016, New York City Department of Correction Commissioner Joseph Ponte said, "As we look at construction and now with the...kind of the movement to close Rikers all those things politically have to be taken into consideration. So the 1,500 bed facility on Rikers is still at...at a kind of pause right now".

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: In February 2008, correctional officer Lloyd Nicholson was indicted after he allegedly used a select group of teenage inmates as enforcers under a regime called "the program", as well as allegedly beating inmates himself. However, "the program" has been known to exist for well over a decade and is unique to the adolescents. The inmates use it as a test for other inmates and a system of control amongst themselves.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: A "Village Voice" article lists a roll call of 2008 scandals at Rikers, including the case of officers who allegedly passed accused cop killer Lee Woods marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol; the February indictment of correctional officer Lloyd Nicholson who used inmates as "enforcers", and the April 27 suicide of 18-year-old Steven Morales (who allegedly killed his infant daughter) in the high-security closed-custody unit.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: Graham and Lewis were found guilty on all charges by a Bronx jury on May 14, 2012. It took the jury approximately three hours to deliberate a guilty verdict. Lewis was able to retire in December 2009 with her pension. Graham was terminated from the Department of Correction following the guilty verdict. Each faced up to four years in prison, however, Graham and Lewis were both sentenced to 500 hours of community service and ordered to pay $1,000.00 in fines on August 7, 2012, when they were sentenced.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: The solitary confinement unit at Rikers is commonly referred to as "Bing", the inmates kept there known as "Bing monsters".

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: Since 2014, Mayor de Blasio has begun to take action against the abuse by adding surveillance cameras and improving care for mentally ill prisoners.<ref name="NYT 11/20"></ref>

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: Jason Echevarria suffered from bipolar disorder and was housed in the unit reserved for mentally ill inmates. At one point, he had been placed in solitary confinement after several suicide attempts.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: Terrence Pendergrass was demoted and suspended without pay, following the incident, and in December 2014, he was convicted of one count of denying Echevarria medical care, resulting in death. In June 2015, Terrence Pendergrass was sentenced to five years in prison. In November 2015, Echevarria's family was awarded a $3.8 million settlement regarding the matter.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


Rikers Island

Context: Bradley Ballard, who suffered from schizophrenia and diabetes, was sent to Rikers in June 2013 on a parole violation for failure to report an address change. In July, he was sent to the psychiatric prison ward at Bellevue Hospital Center, where he stayed for 38 days before being sent back to Rikers.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 교도소는 어디인가?


North America

Context: North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. Because it is on the North American Tectonic Plate, Greenland is included as a part of North America geographically.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Owing to Europe's colonization of the Americas, most North Americans speak European languages such as English, Spanish or French, and their cultures commonly reflect Western traditions. However, in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Central America, there are indigenous populations continuing their cultural traditions and speaking their own languages.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: For Waldseemüller, no one should object to the naming of the land after its discoverer. He used the Latinized version of Vespucci's name (Americus Vespucius), but in its feminine form "America", following the examples of "Europa", "Asia" and "Africa". Later, other mapmakers extended the name "America" to the northern continent, dropping the usage of "Parias". In 1538, Gerard Mercator used "America" on his map of the world for all the Western Hemisphere.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Mercator on his map called North America "America or New India" ("America sive India Nova"). The Spanish Empire called its territories in North and South America "Las Indias"; the state body overseeing them was the Council of the Indies.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The United Nations formally recognizes "North America" as comprising three areas: Northern America, Central America, and the Caribbean. This has been formally defined by the UN Statistics Division.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: "Northern America", as a term distinct from "North America", excludes Central America, which itself may or may not include Mexico (see ). In the limited context of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the term covers Canada, the United States, and Mexico, which are the three signatories of that treaty.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Romania, Greece, and the countries of Latin America use a six-continent model, with the Americas viewed as a single continent and "North America" designating a subcontinent comprising Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Saint Pierre et Miquelon (politically part of France), and often Greenland, and Bermuda.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: North America has been historically referred to by other names. Spanish North America (New Spain) was often referred to as "Northern America", and this was the first official name given to Mexico.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The southern part of the North American continent is composed of two regions. These are Central America and the Caribbean. The north of the continent maintains recognized regions as well. In contrast to the common definition of "North America", which encompasses the whole continent, the term "North America" is sometimes used to refer only to Mexico, Canada, the United States, and Greenland.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The term Northern America refers to the northernmost countries and territories of North America: the United States, Bermuda, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Canada, and Greenland. Although the term does not refer to a unified region, Middle America—not to be confused with the Midwestern United States—groups the regions of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Before the Central American isthmus formed, the region had been underwater. The islands of the West Indies delineate a submerged former land bridge, which had connected North and South America via what are now Florida and Venezuela.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The vast majority of North America is on the North American Plate. Parts of western Mexico, including Baja California, and of California, including the cities of San Diego, Los Angeles, and Santa Cruz, lie on the eastern edge of the Pacific Plate, with the two plates meeting along the San Andreas fault. The southernmost portion of the continent and much of the West Indies lie on the Caribbean Plate, whereas the Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates border the North American Plate on its western frontier.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The western mountains are split in the middle into the main range of the Rockies and the coast ranges in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, with the Great Basin—a lower area containing smaller ranges and low-lying deserts—in between. The highest peak is Denali in Alaska.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The geology of Alaska is typical of that of the cordillera, while the major islands of Hawaii consist of Neogene volcanics erupted over a hot spot.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Volcanic eruptions are common in the region. In 1968 the Arenal Volcano, in Costa Rica, erupted and killed 87 people. Fertile soils from weathered volcanic lavas have made it possible to sustain dense populations in agriculturally productive highland areas.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Central America has many mountain ranges; the longest are the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, the Cordillera Isabelia, and the Cordillera de Talamanca. Between the mountain ranges lie fertile valleys that are suitable for the people; in fact, most of the population of Honduras, Costa Rica, and Guatemala live in valleys. Valleys are also suitable for the production of coffee, beans, and other crops.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: North America is a very large continent that extends from north of the Arctic Circle to south of the Tropic of Cancer. Greenland, along with the Canadian Shield, is tundra with average temperatures ranging from , but central Greenland is composed of a very large ice sheet. This tundra radiates throughout Canada, but its border ends near the Rocky Mountains (but still contains Alaska) and at the end of the Canadian Shield, near the Great Lakes.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Climate west of the Cascade Range is described as being temperate weather with average precipitation .

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Climate in coastal California is described to be Mediterranean, with average temperatures in cities like San Francisco ranging from over the course of the year.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Stretching from the East Coast to eastern North Dakota, and stretching down to Kansas, is the humid continental climate featuring intense seasons, with a large amount of annual precipitation, with places like New York City averaging .

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Starting at the southern border of the humid continental climate and stretching to the Gulf of Mexico (whilst encompassing the eastern half of Texas) is the humid subtropical climate. This area has the wettest cities in the contiguous United States, with annual precipitation reaching in Mobile, Alabama.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Notable North American fauna include the bison, black bear, jaguar, cougar, prairie dog, turkey, pronghorn, raccoon, coyote and monarch butterfly.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Notable plants that were domesticated in North America include tobacco, maize, squash, tomato, sunflower, blueberry, avocado, cotton, chile pepper

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The Mayan culture was still present in southern Mexico and Guatemala when the Spanish conquistadors arrived, but political dominance in the area had shifted to the Aztec Empire, whose capital city Tenochtitlan was located further north in the Valley of Mexico. The Aztecs were conquered in 1521 by Hernán Cortés.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Demographically, North America is ethnically diverse. Its three main groups are Whites, Mestizos and Blacks. There is a significant minority of Indigenous Americans and Asians among other less numerous groups.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: A significant number of Indigenous languages are spoken in North America, with 372,000 people in the United States speaking an indigenous language at home, about 225,000 in Canada and roughly 6 million in Mexico. In the United States and Canada, there are approximately 150 surviving indigenous languages of the 300 spoken prior to European contact.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: According to the same study, the religiously unaffiliated (including agnostics and atheists) make up about 17% of the population of Canada and the United States. Those with no religious affiliation make up about 24% of the United States population, and 24% of Canada's total population.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The top ten largest North American metropolitan areas by population as of 2013, based on national census numbers from the United States and census estimates from Canada and Mexico.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: North America's GDP per capita was evaluated in October 2016 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to be $41,830, making it the richest continent in the world, followed by Oceania.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The Caribbean trade bloc – CARICOM – came into agreement in 1973 when it was signed by 15 Caribbean nations. As of 2000, CARICOM trade volume was US$96 billion. CARICOM also allowed for the creation of a common passport for associated nations. In the past decade the trade bloc focused largely on Free Trade Agreements and under the CARICOM Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN) free trade agreements have been signed into effect.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The Pan-American Highway route in the Americas is the portion of a network of roads nearly in length which travels through the mainland nations. No definitive length of the Pan-American Highway exists because the US and Canadian governments have never officially defined any specific routes as being part of the Pan-American Highway, and Mexico officially has many branches connecting to the US border. However, the total length of the portion from Mexico to the northern extremity of the highway is roughly .

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: A shared telephone system known as the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is an integrated telephone numbering plan of 24 countries and territories: the United States and its territories, Canada, Bermuda, and 17 Caribbean nations.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The distinctiveness of French language and culture has been codified in Canadian law, so that both English and French are designated official languages. The U.S. has no official language, but its national language is English.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The Anglophone Caribbean states have witnessed and participated in the decline of the British Empire and its influence on the region, and its replacement by the economic influence of Northern America in the Anglophone Caribbean. This is partly due to the relatively small populations of the English-speaking Caribbean countries, and also because many of them now have more people living abroad than those remaining at home.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: Greenland has experienced many immigration waves from Northern Canada, e .g. the Thule People. Therefore, Greenland shares some cultural ties with the indigenous peoples of Canada. Greenland is also considered Nordic and has strong Danish ties due to centuries of colonization by Denmark.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The U.S. and Canada have major sports teams that compete against each other, including baseball, basketball, hockey, and soccer/football.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


North America

Context: The following table shows the most prominent sports leagues in North America, in order of average revenue. Canada has a separate Canadian Football League from the U.S. teams.

Question: 북아메리카에는 몇 개의 나라가 있는가?


Guus Hiddink

Context: On the international level he has managed the Netherlands national team, South Korea national team, Russia, and Australia.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Having honed his coaching skills as an assistant manager, Hiddink took over the managerial role at PSV Eindhoven in March 1987 after also holding the assistant manager position for the club from 1983 to March 1987. Hiddink took over in March 1987, whilst the team was trailing by three points behind Ajax with ten matches remaining in the league. PSV, however, managed to win the championship six points ahead of Ajax.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Overall Hiddink's PSV side won three consecutive Eredivisie titles, three consecutive KNVB Cups and the European Cup in the historic Treble-winning season of 1987–88.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Hiddink also had a coaching stint at Turkish club Fenerbahçe in 1990, but was dismissed after one year, later joining Spanish giants Valencia.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: He was able to prevent further internal conflict in the 1998 FIFA World Cup where his team played some of the more entertaining football in that tournament. The team beat Argentina in the quarter-finals 2–1, then suffered a defeat at the hands of Brazil on penalties in the semi-final -- later finishing fourth. This loss signalled an end of another era for Hiddink, as he resigned as Netherlands national coach soon after, where he was then appointed manager of Spanish giants Real Madrid.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Hiddink became manager of Spanish La Liga side Real Madrid in the summer of 1998, replacing Jupp Heynckes, but poor league form and off-pitch remarks about the board and finances of the club prompted his termination in February 1999.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Hiddink then took over the reins at Spanish club Real Betis in 2000 for the rest of the season. His time at Real Betis ended badly, with Hiddink being sacked by May 2000.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: In the summer of 2000, rumours were rife over his future, with Scottish club Celtic among the clubs named as a potential destination. The temptation to manage another World Cup-bound international team proved irresistible to him, however, as he agreed to coach the South Korea national team on 1 January 2001.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Hiddink became manager of South Korea in January 2001. Success did not come easily with a team that had appeared in five-straight World Cups but had yet to win a single match. South Korea was one of the host nations for the 2002 FIFA World Cup tournament, along with Japan. There was an expectation that the hosts would progress to the second round of the tournament and it was clearly expressed that Hiddink's team was expected to perform to that standard as well.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: In the World Cup itself, the South Korea team achieved its first ever victory in the first stage (2–0, against Poland), and after a 1–1 draw with the U.S. and a further 1–0 victory against heavily favoured Portugal, the South Korea team qualified for the second round.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Their second round opponents were Italy, who they defeated 2–1 on the golden goal rule. The Korean public then began to dream of a semi-final berth, a dream that was realized after defeating Spain on penalties in the quarter-final. This surpassed the record of their North Korean counterparts 36 years before, who had beaten Italy to reach the quarter-finals.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: The South Korea team's run was halted by Germany, managed by Rudi Völler, in the semi-finals. As with the Netherlands team four years before in France, Hiddink led his team into fourth place after a 3–2 defeat to Turkey in the third-place playoff.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: On 22 July 2005, Hiddink became manager of the Australia national team. He announced he would manage both PSV and Australia at the same time.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: In the play-offs held with Uruguay in Montevideo on 12 November and in Sydney on 16 November 2005, both home teams won 1–0. Australia went on to win 4–2 on penalties — the first time Australia had qualified for the finals in 32 years, and the first time that any team had qualified through winning a penalty shoot-out.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: In the second round, Italy beat Australia 1–0. After controversially sending off Italian defender Marco Materazzi in the 55th minute, Spanish referee Luis Medina Cantalejo awarded Italy's Fabio Grosso a controversial penalty kick eight seconds from the end of normal time, which was converted by Francesco Totti. This put Australia out of the World Cup, marking the official end of Hiddink's tenure as Australia's national coach.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: On 10 April 2006, Hiddink announced on Dutch television that he would take over as manager of the Russia national team. He signed a two-year contract in April 2006 worth €2 million a year. His duties for Russia started after managing Australia during the 2006 World Cup.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Russia's Euro 2008 qualification hopes came into question after a 2–1 loss to Israel. However, after a win against Andorra, and England losing out to Croatia on the last match day, Russia and Hiddink secured qualification for the final stages of Euro 2008. At the tournament, the Russians managed to reach the semi-finals with victories against the Netherlands in the quarter-finals and defending champions Greece in the group stage.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Piet de Visser, a former head scout of Hiddink's club PSV and now a personal assistant to Roman Abramovich at Chelsea, recommended Hiddink to the Chelsea owner, following the departure of Avram Grant at the end of the 2007–08 Premier League season. In March 2008, however, Hiddink had already chosen to exercise the two-year extension with Russia, keeping him in the national team's head coaching role until 2010.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: In November 2009, Russia was defeated by Slovenia in a 2010 World Cup qualifying play-off, casting doubt on future ambitions. On 13 February 2010, it was confirmed that Hiddink would leave the position when his contract expired on 30 June.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: In his last game as interim coach of Chelsea, he won the 2009 FA Cup by beating Everton 2–1 at Wembley.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: He was visibly pleased at winning the Cup, and in subsequent interviews claimed it was one of his biggest achievements. Even though throughout his tenure at Chelsea various players asked him to stay, including captain John Terry, Michael Ballack and Petr Čech, Hiddink always stated that he intended to return to his post with Russia. As a parting gift, the Chelsea players gave him an engraved watch and a shirt signed by all of the players.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: On 16 February 2010, Turkish Football Federation President Mahmut Özgener and Hiddink held talks in Amsterdam. Hiddink agreed to coach the Turkey national team after his contract with Russia expired on 30 June 2010. His contract with Turkey began on 1 August 2010, and his staff included assistant manager Oğuz Çetin and goalkeeping coach Engin İpekoğlu.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: On 11 June 2013, Hiddink decided to extend his contract by one more year at Anzhi. Just two games into the 2013–14 Russian Premier League season after a 2–1 defeat at Dynamo Moscow, however, he unexpectedly resigned on 22 July 2013. He said he left because he completed his mission, which he said was to develop Anzhi in a way that it could progress without him.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: The 2015 calendar year began in March with a match against Turkey, ending in a 1–1 draw. On 29 June 2015, Hiddink left his position. Two days later, he was succeeded by his assistant, Danny Blind. It was unknown for a long time whether Hiddink was fired or left his position voluntarily, but on 21 November 2015, he said, whilst on vacation in France, that he was fired from the post.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: Chelsea ended the season in tenth place in the Premier League, climbing six positions from 16th upon Hiddink's arrival.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: On 10 September 2018, Hiddink took over the China under-21 national team but was fired in September 2019 after a string of disappointing results, culminating with a 2–0 defeat against Vietnam under-22 men's team. The coach of the Vietnamese team coincidentally was Park Hang-seo, assistant coach of South Korea's national team in the 2002 World Cup under Hiddink.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


Guus Hiddink

Context: After failing to lead the nation to 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification, Hiddink contracted COVID-19 in 2021, prompting Patrick Kluivert to step in as interim manager of the team. On 9 September 2021, Hiddink officially stepped down as head coach of Curaçao and announced his managerial retirement at the age of 74.

Question: 거스 히딩크 생일은 언젠가요?


History of science and technology in China

Context: Ancient Chinese scientists and engineers made significant scientific innovations, findings and technological advances across various scientific disciplines including the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, military technology, mathematics, geology and astronomy.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: Among the earliest inventions were the abacus, the sundial, and the Kongming lantern. The "Four Great Inventions,"the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing – were among the most important technological advances, only known to Europe by the end of the Middle Ages 1000 years later. The Tang dynasty (AD 618–906) in particular was a time of great innovation. A good deal of exchange occurred between Western and Chinese discoveries up to the Qing dynasty.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: The Jesuit China missions of the 16th and 17th centuries introduced Western science and astronomy, then undergoing its own revolution, to China, and knowledge of Chinese technology was brought to Europe. In the 19th and 20th centuries the introduction of Western technology was a major factor in the modernization of China. Much of the early Western work in the history of science in China was done by Joseph Needham and his Chinese partner, Lu Gwei-djen.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: Needham further notes that the Han dynasty, which conquered the short-lived Qin, were made aware of the need for law by Lu Jia and by Shusun Tong, as defined by the scholars, rather than the generals.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: Derived from Taoist philosophy, one of the newest longstanding contributions of the ancient Chinese are in Traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture and herbal medicine. The practice of acupuncture can be traced back as far as the 1st millennium BC and some scientists believe that there is evidence that practices similar to acupuncture were used in Eurasia during the early Bronze Age.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: Sliding calipers were invented in China almost 2,000 years ago. The Chinese civilization was the earliest civilization to experiment successfully with aviation, with the kite and Kongming lantern (proto Hot air balloon) being the first flying machines.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: By AD 300, Ge Hong, an alchemist of the Jin dynasty, conclusively recorded the chemical reactions caused when saltpetre, pine resin and charcoal were heated together, in "Book of the Master of the Preservations of Solidarity". Another early record of gunpowder, a Chinese book from "c". 850 AD, indicates:

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: "Some have heated together sulfur, realgar and saltpeter with honey; smoke and flames result, so that their hands and faces have been burnt, and even the whole house where they were working burned down."

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: These four discoveries had an enormous impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-ranging global impact. Gunpowder, for example, spread to the Arabs in the 13th century and thence to Europe. According to English philosopher Francis Bacon, writing in "Novum Organum":

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: One of the most important military treatises of all Chinese history was the "Huo Long Jing" written by Jiao Yu in the 14th century. For gunpowder weapons, it outlined the use of fire arrows and rockets, fire lances and firearms, land mines and naval mines, bombards and cannons, two stage rockets, along with different compositions of gunpowder, including 'magic gunpowder', 'poisonous gunpowder', and 'blinding and burning gunpowder' (refer to his article).

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: For the 11th century invention of ceramic movable type printing by Bi Sheng (990–1051), it was enhanced by the wooden movable type of Wang Zhen in 1298 and the bronze metal movable type of Hua Sui in 1490.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: Among the engineering accomplishments of early China were matches, dry docks, the double-action piston pump, cast iron, the iron plough, the horse collar, the multi-tube seed drill, the wheelbarrow, the suspension bridge, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the raised-relief map, the propeller, the sluice gate, and the pound lock. The Tang dynasty (AD 618–907) and Song dynasty (AD 960–1279) in particular were periods of great innovation.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: In the 7th century, book-printing was developed in China, Korea and Japan, using delicate hand-carved wooden blocks to print individual pages. The 9th century "Diamond Sutra" is the earliest known printed document. Movable type was also used in China for a time, but was abandoned because of the number of characters needed; it would not be until Johannes Gutenberg that the technique was reinvented in a suitable environment.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: Chinese astronomers were the first to record observations of a supernova, the first being the SN 185, recorded during the Han dynasty. Chinese astronomers made two more notable supernova observations during the Song Dynasty: the SN 1006, the brightest recorded supernova in history; and the SN 1054, making the Crab Nebula the first astronomical object recognized as being connected to a supernova explosion.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: Until the Song Dynasty, Chinese medicine classified drugs under the system of the "Zhenghe bencao" (Herbal of the Zhenghe Era):

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: Chinese and Arabic astronomy intermingled under Mongol rule. Muslim astronomers worked in the Chinese Astronomical Bureau established by Kublai Khan, while some Chinese astronomers also worked at the Persian Maragha observatory. Before this, in ancient times, Indian astronomers had lent their expertise to the Chinese court.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?


Context: Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi in 896, mentions the popular introduction of various Chinese herbs and aloes in Baghdad.

Question: 중국의 과학 기술을 받아들인 왕은 누구인가?