Joseon

Context: developed in 1442. This work made it possible for scientists to calculate and accurately predict all the major heavenly phenomena, such as solar eclipses and other stellar movements. Honcheonsigye is an astronomical clock created by Song I-yeong in 1669. The clock has an armillary sphere with a diameter of 40 cm. The sphere is activated by a working clock mechanism, showing the position of celestial objects at any given time.

Question: জসিয়ন রাজবংশের শেষ রাজা কে ছিল ?


Joseon

Context: Gangnido, a Korean-made map of the world was created in 1402 by Kim Sa-hyeong (김사형, 金士衡), Yi Mu (이무, 李茂) and Yi Hoe (이회, 李撓). The map was created in the second year of the reign of Taejong of Joseon. The map was made by combining Chinese, Korean and Japanese maps.

Question: জসিয়ন রাজবংশের শেষ রাজা কে ছিল ?


Joseon

Context: The scientific and technological advance in the late Joseon period was less progressed than the early Joseon period.

Question: জসিয়ন রাজবংশের শেষ রাজা কে ছিল ?


Joseon

Context: 16th-century court physician, Heo Jun wrote a number of medical texts, his most significant achievement being Dongui Bogam, which is often noted as the defining text of Traditional Korean medicine. The work spread to China and Japan, where it is still regarded as one of the classics of Oriental medicine today.

Question: জসিয়ন রাজবংশের শেষ রাজা কে ছিল ?


Joseon

Context: The following is a simplified relation of Joseon royalty (Korean Imperial Family) during the late period of the dynasty:

Question: জসিয়ন রাজবংশের শেষ রাজা কে ছিল ?


Assyria

Context: Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , "māt Aššur"; ) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and then as a territorial state and eventually an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.

Question: প্রাচীন আসিরিয় সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Assyria

Context: Some regions of the Assyrian Empire were not incorporated into the provincial system but were still subjected to the rule of the Assyrian kings. Such vassal states could be ruled indirectly through allowing established local lines of kings to continue ruling in exchange for tribute or through the Assyrian kings appointing their own vassal rulers. Through the "ilku" system, the Assyrian kings could also grant arable lands to individuals in exchange for goods and military service.

Question: প্রাচীন আসিরিয় সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Assyria

Context: Another language sometimes used in ancient Assyria as a language of scholarship and culture, though only in written form, was the ancient Sumerian language. At the height of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, various other local languages were also spoken within the imperial borders, though none achieved the same level of official recognition as Aramaic.

Question: প্রাচীন আসিরিয় সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Assyria

Context: In order to support large buildings, they were often built on top of foundation platforms or on mud brick foundations. Floors were typically made of rammed earth, covered in important rooms with carpets or reed mats. Floors in locations that were exposed to the elements, such as outside on terraces or in courtyards, were paved with stone slabs or backed bricks. Roofs, particularly in larger rooms, were supported through the use of wooden beams.

Question: প্রাচীন আসিরিয় সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Assyria

Context: Though these churches have been distinct for centuries, they still follow much of the same liturgical, spiritual and theological foundation. There are also Assyrian followers of various denominations of Protestantism, chiefly due to missions by American missionaries of the Presbyterian Church.

Question: প্রাচীন আসিরিয় সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Dwarkanath Tagore

Context: Dwarkanath Tagore (, "Darokanath Ţhakur"; 1794–1846) was one of the first Indian industrialists to form an enterprise with British partners. He was the son of Ramlochon Tagore, the founder of the Jorasanko branch of the Tagore family. He was also the grandfather of Rabindranath Tagore.

Question: প্রিন্স দ্বারকানাথ ঠাকুরের মায়ের নাম কি ছিল ?


Dwarkanath Tagore

Context: Dwarkanath Tagore was a descendant of Rarhiya Brahmins of the Kushari (Sandilya gotra) division. Their ancestors were called Pirali Brahmin.

Question: প্রিন্স দ্বারকানাথ ঠাকুরের মায়ের নাম কি ছিল ?


Dwarkanath Tagore

Context: In 1832 Tagore purchased the first Indian coal mine in Raniganj, which eventually became the Bengal Coal Company. Very large schooners were engaged in shipments. This made Dwarkanath extremely rich, and there are legends about the extent of his wealth. "As a zamindar Dwarkanath was mercilessly efficient and businesslike, but not generous".

Question: প্রিন্স দ্বারকানাথ ঠাকুরের মায়ের নাম কি ছিল ?


Dwarkanath Tagore

Context: Dwarkanath Tagore died "at the peak of his fortune" on the evening of 1 August 1846 at the St. George's Hotel in London during a tremendous thunderstorm with hail the size of walnuts.

Question: প্রিন্স দ্বারকানাথ ঠাকুরের মায়ের নাম কি ছিল ?


Dwarkanath Tagore

Context: "Descended from the highest Brahmin caste of India his family can prove a long and undoubted pedigree. But it is not on account of this nobility that we now review his life but on far better grounds. However gifted, his claims rest on a higher pedestal – he was the benefactor of his country... [T]hey testified to his merits in the encouragement of every public and private undertaking likely to benefit India."

Question: প্রিন্স দ্বারকানাথ ঠাকুরের মায়ের নাম কি ছিল ?


Samanid Empire

Context: The Samanid Empire () also known as the Samanian Empire, Samanid dynasty, Samanid amirate, or simply Samanids) was a Sunni Iranian empire, from 819 to 999. The empire was centred in Khorasan and Transoxiana; at its greatest extent encompassing modern-day Afghanistan, huge parts of Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and parts of Kazakhstan and Pakistan.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: The Samanid Empire is part of the Iranian Intermezzo, which saw the creation of a Persianate culture and identity that brought Iranian speech and traditions into the fold of the Islamic world. This later contributed to the formation of the Turko-Persian culture.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Ilyas died in 856, and his son Ibrahim ibn Ilyas became his successor. The Tahirid governor of Khorasan, Muhammad ibn Tahir, subsequently appointed him as the commander of his army, and sent him on an expedition against the Saffarid ruler Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar in Sistan. After facing defeat in battle near Pushang in 857, he fled to Nishapur, only to be captured by Ya'qub al-Saffar and sent to Sistan as a hostage.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Before Ismail Samani's major victory against the Saffarids, he had made various expeditions in Transoxiana; in 892, he put an end to the Principality of Ushrusana by seizing all of its lands. During the same period, he put an end to the Bukhar Khudas in Bukhara. In 893, Ismail Samani invaded the territories of the Karluk Turks, taking Talas and converting the Nestorian church there into a mosque. The same year, he conducted a campaign to gather slaves, taking ten to fifteen thousand captives.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Ismail is known in history as a competent general and a strong ruler; many stories about him are written in Arabic and Persian sources. Furthermore, because of his campaigns in the north, his empire was so safe from enemy incursions that the defences of Bukhara and Samarkand went unused. However, this later had consequences; at the end of the dynasty, the walls—earlier strong, but now falling apart—were greatly missed by the Samanids, who were constantly under attack by the Karakhanids and other enemies.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: In 943 several Samanid army officers, angry at Nasr's support of Isma'ili missionaries, formed a conspiracy to murder him. Nasr's son Nuh I, however, learned of the conspiracy. He went to a banquet designed to organize the plot and had the head of their leader cut off. To appease the other officers, he promised to stop the Isma'ili missionaries from continuing their activities. He then convinced his father to abdicate, who died of tuberculosis after a few months.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Alp Tigin, nominal vassal of the Samanids, conquered Ghazna in 962 from the Lawik dynasty. The fifth of these commanders was Sebüktigin, who governed Ḡazna for twenty years till 387 AH/997 CE with the title (as it appears from his tomb inscription) of al-ḥājeb al-ajall (most noble commander). He would later be the founder of an independent dynasty based in Ghazna, following the decline of the Samanid Empire in the 990s.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: The power of the Samanids began to crumble in the latter half of the 10th century. In 962, one of the ghulams, Alp Tigin, commander of the army in Khorasan, seized Ghazna and established himself there. His successors, however, including Sebük Tigin, continued to rule as Samanid "governors". With the weakened Samanids facing rising challenges from the Karakhanids for control of Transoxiana, Sebük later took control of all the provinces south of the Oxus and established the Ghaznavid Empire.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Fleeing to Khorasan yet again, Isma'il attempted to reenter Transoxiana in the end of 1004. The Karakhanids stopped this and Isma'il was nearly killed. Following this, he sought the hospitality of an Arab tribe near Merv. Their chief, however, killed Isma'il in 1005. His death marked the defeat of the last attempt to restore the Samanid state. Descendants of the Samanid family continued to live in Transoxiana where they were well regarded, but their power was relatively broken.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Along with several other states, the Samanid Empire was part of the Iranian Intermezzo, or "Persian renaissance". This period has been described as having a key importance in the formation of the Islamic civilization, both politically and culturally. In political terms, it saw an effective break up of the Abbasid power and the rise of several successor states such as the Samanids and Buyids while in cultural terms, it witnessed the rise of new Persian as an administrative and literary language.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Like in the Abbasid Caliphate, Turkic slaves could rise to high office in the Samanid state, which would sometimes give them enough power to nearly make the ruler their puppet.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: The Samanids revived Persian culture by patronizing Rudaki, Bal'ami and Daqiqi. The Samanids determinedly propagated Sunni Islam, and repressed Ismaili Shiism but were more tolerant of Twelver Shiism. Islamic architecture and Islamo-Persian culture was spread deep into the heartlands of Central Asia by the Samanids. Following the first complete translation of the Qur'an into Persian in the 9th century, populations under the Samanid empire began accepting Islam in significant numbers.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Although the Zoroastrian population had previously been suppressed by the Abbasid Caliphate, according to Al-Masudi, the Samanid empire still had fire-temples that were still being venerated by the present Zoroastrian population. Despite the fact that the Samanids professed Sunni Islam, however, they were much more tolerant towards its Zoroastrian population than the previous empires.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Through zealous missionary work as many as 30,000 tents of Turks came to profess Islam and later under the Ghaznavids more than 55,000 under the Hanafi school of thought. The mass conversion of the Turks to Islam eventually led to a growing influence of the Ghaznavids, who would later rule the region.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Under Nuh II, a Hanafi work, which was being used to contest Ismailism, was translated into Persian.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Agriculture and trading were the economic bases of the Samanid State. The Samanids heavily engaged in trade with Europe. Thousands of Samanid coins have been found in the Baltic and Scandinavia.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: During the 9th and 10th centuries, there was a large amount of growth in literature, mostly in poetry. It was during the Samanid period that Persian literature appeared in Transoxiana and was formally recognized. The advancement of an Islamic New Persian literature thus started in Transoxiana and Khorasan instead of Fars, the homeland of the Persians. The best known poets of the Samanid period were Rudaki (d. 941), Daqiqi (d. 977) and Ferdowsi (d. 1020).

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Although Persian was the most-favored language, Arabic continued to enjoy a high status and was still popular among the members of the Samanid family. For example, al-Tha'alibi wrote an Arabic anthology named "Yatimat al-dahr" ("The Unique Pearl"). The fourth section of the anthology included a detailed account of the poets that lived under the Samanids. It also states that the poets of Khwarazm mostly wrote in Arabic.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Another prominent poet was Shahid Balkhi, born in the village of Jakhudanak near Balkh. Not much is known about his life, but he is mentioned as being one of the best poets in the court of Nasr II, and one of the best scholars of the age. He was also a student of Rudaki, and had close relations with him. He died in 936, a few years before Rudaki's death. His death saddened Rudaki, who afterwards wrote an emotional elegy about him.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: In the 9th and 10th centuries, intellectual life in Transoxiana and Khorasan reached a high level. In the words of N.N. Negmatov, "It was inevitable that the local Samanid dynasty, seeking support among its literate classes, should cultivate and promote local cultural traditions, literacy and literature."

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: Due to extensive excavations at Nishapur, Iran, in the mid-twentieth century, Samanid pottery is well-represented in Islamic art collections around the world. These ceramics are largely made from earthenware and feature either calligraphic inscriptions of Arabic proverbs, or colorful figural decorations. The Arabic proverbs often speak to the values of "Adab" culture—hospitality, generosity, and modesty.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: A Bukharian historian writing in 943 stated that Ismail Samani: was indeed worthy and right for padishahship. He was an intelligent, just, compassionate person, one possessing reason and prescience...he conducted affairs with justice and good ethics. Whoever tyrannized people he would punish...In affairs of state he was always impartial.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: The celebrated scholar Nizam al-Mulk, in his famous work "Siyasatnama", stated that Ismail Samani: was extremely just, and his good qualities were many. He had pure faith in God (to Him be power and glory) and he was generous to the poor – to name only one of his notable virtues.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Samanid Empire

Context: The Somoni currency of Tajikistan is named after the Samanids. A notable airline based in Dushanbe is also named Somon Air. Also, the highest mountain in Tajikistan and in the former Soviet Union is named after Ismail Samani. The mountain was formerly known as "Stalin Peak" and "Communism Peak" but in 1998 the name was officially changed to Ismoil Somoni Peak.

Question: সামানি সাম্রাজ্যের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা কে ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: Maulana Bhashani was popularly known by the honorary title Mozlum Jananeta (Leader of the Oppressed) for his lifelong stance advocating for the poor. He gained nationwide mass popularity among the peasants and helped to build East Pakistan Peasant Association. Owing to his political leaning to the left, often dubbed Islamic Socialism, he was also called 'The Red Maulana'.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: The split of the left-wing camp into pro-Moscow and pro-Peking factions eventually led to the break-up of NAP into two separate parties; the pro-Moscow faction being led by Muzaffar Ahmed. After Pakistan's 1965 war with India, he showed some support for Field Marshal Ayub Khan's regime for its China-leaning foreign policy; but later he provided leadership to a mass uprising against the regime in 1968–69 with support from Fatima Jinnah.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani was born in Dhangara village in Sirajganj, Bengal Presidency in the year 1880. He was the son of Sharafat Ali Khan. Between 1907 and 1909 he received a religious education at the Darul Uloom Deoband. The association of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi and other progressive Islamic thinkers inspired Bhashani to oppose British imperialism. In 1909 he started teaching in a primary school at Kagmaree, Tangail.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: After the establishment of India and Pakistan in 1947, following the exit of the British, Bhashani planned his anti-establishment course of action. On 23 June 1949, he founded East Pakistan Awami Muslim League. Bhasani was elected its president with Shamsul Huq as its General Secretary. On 24 July 1949 he organised the first meeting of Awami Muslim League at Armanitola, Dhaka, during which Yar Mohammad Khan contributed and finally established the party in Dhaka.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: On 31 January 1952 he formed the "All Party Language Movement Committee" at the Dhaka Bar Library. He campaigned for the recognition of Bangla as a national language in Pakistan. The National Democratic Front was established under his leadership on 4 December 1953. He renamed the Awami Muslim League as the Awami League by removing "Muslim" from its official name in the council session of Awami League held on 21–23 October 1953.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: In May 1954 Bhashani went to Stockholm. He was barred from returning to East Pakistan by the government of Iskander Mirza and branded a communist. Between 7 and 23 May 1956, Bhashani went on a hunger strike to demand food for famine affected people.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: During the Kagmaree Conference of Awami League held on 7–8 February 1957, Bhashani left the West Pakistani authority which had acted negatively against East Pakistan. On 24–25 July 1957, Bhashani convened the conference of All Pakistan Democratic Activists. On 25 July he formed the East Pakistan National Awami Party (NAP). Bhashani was elected the President with Mahmudul Huq Osmani, the General Secretary.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: According to Ehtisham, Bhashani played a crucial role in the opposition decision to nominate Fatima Jinnah as a candidate in the 1965 Pakistani presidential election, instead of Azam Khan. Fatima Jinnah was initially scornful of an opposition attempt to nominate her, however on Bhashani's personal intervention, she agreed to be their joint candidate.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: Despite this pledged support for Fatima Jinnah, Bhashani was controversially alleged to have become inactive during the Opposition's Presidential campaign ostensibly because of Ayub Khan's pro-China leanings; Sherbaz Khan Mazari later alleged that Bashani was bribed by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: In 1969 Bhashani launched a movement for the withdrawal of the Agartala Conspiracy Case and the release of Sheikh Mujib. American journalist Dan Coggin, writing for "Time", credited Bhashani, "as much as any one man", for instigating the 1969 Mass uprising in East Pakistan that culminated in the collapse of the Ayub Khan regime. In 1970 Bhasani called for the independence of East Pakistan consistent with the 1940 Lahore Resolution.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: Bhasani with his National Awami party had organised an International Kisan conference from 23–25 March 1970 in Toba Tek Singh District. During the conference he asked the Government of Pakistan to hold a referendum, asking the population if they wanted Islamic Socialism. He warned that there might be guerrilla warfare if the military government failed to do so.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: Moulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani was the Chairman of Sorbodoliyo Songram Parisad in 1971. Bhashani asked China to aid Bangladesh in its liberation war. His request was not answered by China.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: Following independence, Bhashani wanted to play the role of a responsible opposition. The progressive forces quickly gathered around him and strengthened his NAP with Kazi Zafar Ahmed as its General Secretary. But soon factional differences among the progressive forces emerged and weakened Bhashani's position.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: Bhashani was highly critical of the oppressive style of the Awami League and BAKSAL government. He also warned Sheikh Mujibur Rahman against his move towards a one party state and declaring himself as lifelong president. Bhashani was deeply shocked at the killing of Mujib, for whom he had a lot of fatherly affection, and his family members. The person who conveyed the news of Mujib's demise described how Bhashani cried and then went to his prayer room to offer prayer.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: At the time, the government of Bangladesh unofficially supported Bhashani's Farakka Long March. Navy Chief Rear Admiral M. H. Khan was in charge of providing logistics. Hundreds of thousands of people from all walks of life from all over the country gathered in Rajshahi to participate in the Long March.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: Bhashani's Farakka Long March was the first popular movement against India by Bangladeshi people who demanded a rightful distribution of the Ganges' water. Since then the Farakka Long March Day has been observed on 16 March every year in Bangladesh.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: On 25 February 1972, Bhashani started publishing a weekly "Haq Katha" and it soon achieved wide circulation. It was outspoken about the irregularities and misrule of Awami League government established after independence of Bangladesh. It was a pro-Chinese and socialist weekly. It was edited by Irfanul Bari, Bhashani's subordinate. The weekly was subvsequently banned by Sheikh Mujib.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani

Context: Bhashani is regarded as the proponent of anti-imperialist, non-communal and left-leaning politics by his admirers in present-day Bangladesh and beyond. In 2013, the Awami League Government of Bangladesh reduced his presence in school curricula. In 2004, Bhashani was ranked number 8 in BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time.

Question: মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী কত সালে মারা যান ?


Al-Mansur

Context: Abd Allah ibn Muhammad (; ), better known simply as by his laqab al-Mansur (; , ), and by his kunya Abu Ja'far () was the second Abbasid caliph, reigning from 136 AH to 158 AH (754 CE – 775 CE) succeeding his brother Saffah (). He is known for founding the 'Round City' of Madinat al-Salam, which was to become the core of imperial Baghdad.

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Al-Mansur

Context: Modern historians regard Al-Mansur as one of the greatest caliphs of the Abbasid Caliphate, one of the largest polities in world history, for his role in stabilizing and institutionalizing the dynasty.

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Al-Mansur

Context: According to "The Meadows of Gold", a history book in Arabic written around 947 CE, Al-Mansur's dislike of the Umayyad dynasty is well documented and he has been reported saying:

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Al-Mansur

Context: "The Umayyads held the government which had been given to them with a firm hand, protecting, preserving and guarding the gift granted them by God. But then their power passed to their effeminate sons, whose only ambition was the satisfaction of their desires and who chased after pleasures forbidden by Almighty God...Then God stripped them of their power, covered them with shame and deprived them of their worldly goods".

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Al-Mansur

Context: Mansur's first wife was a Yemeni woman from a royal family; his second was a descendant of a hero of the early Muslim conquests; his third was an Iranian servant. He also had a minimum of three concubines: an Arab, a Byzantine, nicknamed the “restless butterfly," and a Kurd.

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Al-Mansur

Context: In 762 two descendants of Hasan ibn Ali rebelled in Medina and Basra. Al-Mansur's troops defeated the rebels first in Medina and then in Basra. This would be the last major uprising against the caliph Al-Mansur.

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Al-Mansur

Context: In 764 Al-Mansur's son Al-Mahdi was made the designated heir to the caliphate, taking precedence over Al-Mansur's nephew Isa ibn Musa, who had been named the designated successor when Al-Mansur was crowned caliph. This change in succession was opposed by parts of the Abbasid family and some allies of Isa ibn Musa in Khurasan, but was supported by the Abbasid army. Al-Mansur had cultivated support for his son's accession since 754, while undermining Isa ibn Musa's position within the Abbasid military.

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Al-Mansur

Context: In 763 Al-Mansur sent his troops to conquer Al-Andalus for the Abbasid empire. But the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Rahman I successfully defended his territory. Al-Mansur withdrew and thereafter focused his troops of holding the eastern part of his empire on lands that were once part of Persia.

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Al-Mansur

Context: Al-Mansur's treatment of his Christian subjects was severe; he "collected from them capitation with much vigor and impressed upon them marks of slavery."

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Al-Mansur

Context: When al-Mansur died, the caliphate's treasury contained 600,000,000 dirhams and fourteen million dinars. On his deathbed, Mansur said, “We have sacrificed the life to come for a mere dream!”

Question: আবু জাফর আবদাল্লাহ ইবনে মুহাম্মদ আল মনসুর কোন দেশের নাগরিক ছিলেন ?


Demographics of Antarctica

Context: Antarctica has no permanent residents. It contains research stations and field camps that are staffed seasonally or year-round, and former whaling settlements. Approximately 12 nations, all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, send personnel to perform seasonal (summer) or year-round research on the continent and in its surrounding oceans.

Question: বর্তমানে (২০১৯) অ্যান্টার্কটিকার শীতকালীন মোট জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Demographics of Antarctica

Context: At least 11 children have been born in Antarctica. The first was Emilio Marcos Palma, born on 7 January 1978 to Argentine parents at Esperanza, Hope Bay, near the tip of the Antarctic peninsula. The first girl born on the Antarctic continent was Marisa De Las Nieves Delgado, born on May 27, 1978. The birth occurred at Fortín Sargento Cabral, Base Esperanza (Argentine Army).

Question: বর্তমানে (২০১৯) অ্যান্টার্কটিকার শীতকালীন মোট জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Marriage

Context: Anthropologists have proposed several competing definitions of marriage in an attempt to encompass the wide variety of marital practices observed across cultures. Even within Western culture, "definitions of marriage have careened from one extreme to another and everywhere in between" (as Evan Gerstmann has put it).

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In "The History of Human Marriage" (1891), Edvard Westermarck defined marriage as "a more or less durable connection between male and female lasting beyond the mere act of propagation till after the birth of the offspring." In "The Future of Marriage in Western Civilization" (1936), he rejected his earlier definition, instead provisionally defining marriage as "a relation of one or more men to one or more women that is recognized by custom or law".

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The anthropological handbook "Notes and Queries" (1951) defined marriage as "a union between a man and a woman such that children born to the woman are the recognized legitimate offspring of both partners." In recognition of a practice by the Nuer people of Sudan allowing women to act as a husband in certain circumstances (the ghost marriage), Kathleen Gough suggested modifying this to "a woman and one or more other persons."

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Economic anthropologist Duran Bell has criticized the legitimacy-based definition on the basis that some societies do not require marriage for legitimacy. He argued that a legitimacy-based definition of marriage is circular in societies where illegitimacy has no other legal or social implications for a child other than the mother being unmarried.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Monogamy is a form of marriage in which an individual has only one spouse during their lifetime or at any one time (serial monogamy).

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In the countries which do not permit polygamy, a person who marries in one of those countries a person while still being lawfully married to another commits the crime of bigamy. In all cases, the second marriage is considered legally null and void. Besides the second and subsequent marriages being void, the bigamist is also liable to other penalties, which also vary between jurisdictions.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Polygamy is a marriage which includes more than two spouses. When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, the relationship is called polygyny, and there is no marriage bond between the wives; and when a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry, and there is no marriage bond between the husbands. If a marriage includes multiple husbands or wives, it can be called group marriage.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Marriages are classified according to the number of legal spouses an individual has. The suffix "-gamy" refers specifically to the number of spouses, as in bi-gamy (two spouses, generally illegal in most nations), and poly-gamy (more than one spouse).

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Polygyny usually grants wives equal status, although the husband may have personal preferences. One type of de facto polygyny is concubinage, where only one woman gets a wife's rights and status, while other women remain legal house mistresses.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Fox argues that "the major difference between polygyny and monogamy could be stated thus: while plural mating occurs in both systems, under polygyny several unions may be recognized as being legal marriages while under monogamy only one of the unions is so recognized. Often, however, it is difficult to draw a hard and fast line between the two."

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: As polygamy in Africa is increasingly subject to legal limitations, a variant form of "de facto" (as opposed to legal or "de jure") polygyny is being practiced in urban centers. Although it does not involve multiple (now illegal) formal marriages, the domestic and personal arrangements follow old polygynous patterns. The de facto form of polygyny is found in other parts of the world as well (including some Mormon sects and Muslim families in the United States).

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In some societies such as the Lovedu of South Africa, or the Nuer of the Sudan, aristocratic women may become female 'husbands.' In the Lovedu case, this female husband may take a number of polygamous wives. This is not a lesbian relationship, but a means of legitimately expanding a royal lineage by attaching these wives' children to it. The relationships are considered polygynous, not polyandrous, because the female husband is in fact assuming masculine gendered political roles.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Religious groups have differing views on the legitimacy of polygyny. It is allowed in Islam and Confucianism. Judaism and Christianity have mentioned practices involving polygyny in the past, however, outright religious acceptance of such practices was not addressed until its rejection in later passages. They do explicitly prohibit polygyny today.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: A child marriage is a marriage where one or both spouses are under the age of 18. It is related to child betrothal and teenage pregnancy.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In the year 1552 CE, John Somerford and Jane Somerford Brereton were both married at the ages of 3 and 2, respectively. Twelve years later, in 1564, John filed for divorce.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: While child marriage is observed for both boys and girls, the overwhelming majority of child spouses are girls. In many cases, only one marriage-partner is a child, usually the female, due to the importance placed upon female virginity. Causes of child marriage include poverty, bride price, dowry, laws that allow child marriages, religious and social pressures, regional customs, fear of remaining unmarried, and perceived inability of women to work for money.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Today, child marriages are widespread in parts of the world; being most common in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, with more than half of the girls in some countries in those regions being married before 18. The incidence of child marriage has been falling in most parts of the world. In developed countries, child marriage is outlawed or restricted.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Girls who marry before 18 are at greater risk of becoming victims of domestic violence, than those who marry later, especially when they are married to a much older man.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Several kinds of same-sex marriages have been documented in Indigenous and lineage-based cultures. In the Americas, We'wha (Zuni), was a "lhamana" (male individuals who, at least some of the time, dress and live in the roles usually filled by women in that culture); a respected artist, We'wha served as an emissary of the Zuni to Washington, where he met President Grover Cleveland. We'wha had at least one husband who was generally recognized as such.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: There is wide cross-cultural variation in the social rules governing the selection of a partner for marriage. There is variation in the degree to which partner selection is an individual decision by the partners or a collective decision by the partners' kin groups, and there is variation in the rules regulating which partners are valid choices.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The United Nations World Fertility Report of 2003 reports that 89% of all people get married before age forty-nine. The percent of women and men who marry before age forty-nine drops to nearly 50% in some nations and reaches near 100% in other nations.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In other cultures with less strict rules governing the groups from which a partner can be chosen the selection of a marriage partner may involve either the couple going through a selection process of courtship or the marriage may be arranged by the couple's parents or an outside party, a matchmaker.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Some people want to marry a person that is older or younger than them. This may impact marital stability and partners with more than a 10-year gap in age tend to experience social disapproval In addition, older women (older than 35) have increased health risks when getting pregnant (which may only be an issue if the couple indeed intends on having children).

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Some people want to marry a person with higher or lower status than them. Others want to marry people who have similar status. In many societies, women marry men who are of higher social status. There are marriages where each party has sought a partner of similar status. There are other marriages in which the man is older than the woman.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Some persons also wish to engage in transactional relationship for money rather than love (thus a type of marriage of convenience). Such people are sometimes referred to as gold diggers. Separate property systems can however be used to prevent property of being passed on to partners after divorce or death.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Higher income men are more likely to marry and less likely to divorce. High income women are more likely to divorce.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: An Avunculate marriage is a marriage that occurs between an uncle and his niece or between an aunt and her nephew. Such marriages are illegal in most countries due to incest restrictions. However, a small number of countries have legalized it, including Argentina, Australia, Austria, Malaysia, and Russia.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Religion has commonly weighed in on the matter of which relatives, if any, are allowed to marry. Relations may be by consanguinity or affinity, meaning by blood or by marriage. On the marriage of cousins, Catholic policy has evolved from initial acceptance, through a long period of general prohibition, to the contemporary requirement for a dispensation. Islam has always allowed it, while Hindu texts vary widely.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Insofar as regular marriages following prescriptive rules occur, lineages are linked together in fixed relationships; these ties between lineages may form political alliances in kinship dominated societies. French structural anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss developed alliance theory to account for the "elementary" kinship structures created by the limited number of prescriptive marriage rules possible.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: A pragmatic (or 'arranged') marriage is made easier by formal procedures of family or group politics. A responsible authority sets up or encourages the marriage; they may, indeed, engage a professional matchmaker to find a suitable spouse for an unmarried person. The authority figure could be parents, family, a religious official, or a group consensus. In some cases, the authority figure may choose a match for purposes other than marital harmony.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In some societies, ranging from Central Asia to the Caucasus to Africa, the custom of bride kidnapping still exists, in which a woman is captured by a man and his friends. Sometimes this covers an elopement, but sometimes it depends on sexual violence. In previous times, "raptio" was a larger-scale version of this, with groups of women captured by groups of men, sometimes in war; the most famous example is The Rape of the Sabine Women, which provided the first citizens of Rome with their wives.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Other marriage partners are more or less imposed on an individual. For example, widow inheritance provides a widow with another man from her late husband's brothers.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In rural areas of India, child marriage is practiced, with parents often arranging the wedding, sometimes even before the child is born. This practice was made illegal under the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In some cultures, dowries and bride wealth continue to be required today. In both cases, the financial arrangements are usually made between the groom (or his family) and the bride's family; with the bride often not being involved in the negotiations, and often not having a choice in whether to participate in the marriage.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In Early modern Britain, the social status of the couple was supposed to be equal. After the marriage, all the property (called "fortune") and expected inheritances of the wife belonged to the husband.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: A dowry is "a process whereby parental property is distributed to a daughter at her marriage (i.e. "inter vivos") rather than at the holder's death ("mortis causa")… A dowry establishes some variety of conjugal fund, the nature of which may vary widely. This fund ensures her support (or endowment) in widowhood and eventually goes to provide for her sons and daughters."

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Direct Dowry contrasts with bride wealth, which is paid by the groom or his family to the bride's parents, and with indirect dowry (or dower), which is property given to the bride herself by the groom at the time of marriage and which remains under her ownership and control.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: When the rates applied by the tax code are not based income averaging, but rather on the "sum" of individuals' incomes, higher rates will usually apply to each individual in a two-earner households in a progressive tax systems. This is most often the case with high-income taxpayers and is another situation called a marriage penalty.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Conversely, when progressive tax is levied on the individual with no consideration for the partnership, dual-income couples fare much better than single-income couples with similar household incomes. The effect can be increased when the welfare system treats the same income as a shared income thereby denying welfare access to the non-earning spouse. Such systems apply in Australia and Canada, for example.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Early theories explaining the determinants of postmarital residence connected it with the sexual division of labor. However, to date, cross-cultural tests of this hypothesis using worldwide samples have failed to find any significant relationship between these two variables. However, Korotayev's tests show that the female contribution to subsistence does correlate significantly with matrilocal residence in general. However, this correlation is masked by a general polygyny factor.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Marriage laws refer to the legal requirements which determine the validity of a marriage, which vary considerably between countries.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares that "Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses."

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: A marriage bestows rights and obligations on the married parties, and sometimes on relatives as well, being the sole mechanism for the creation of affinal ties (in-laws). These may include, depending on jurisdiction:

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: These rights and obligations vary considerably between societies, and between groups within society. These might include arranged marriages, family obligations, the legal establishment of a nuclear family unit, the legal protection of children and public declaration of commitment.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In many countries today, each marriage partner has the choice of keeping his or her property separate or combining properties. In the latter case, called community property, when the marriage ends by divorce each owns half. In lieu of a will or trust, property owned by the deceased generally is inherited by the surviving spouse.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Marriage is an institution that is historically filled with restrictions. From age, to race, to social status, to consanguinity, to gender, restrictions are placed on marriage by society for reasons of benefiting the children, passing on healthy genes, maintaining cultural values, or because of prejudice and fear. Almost all cultures that recognize marriage also recognize adultery as a violation of the terms of marriage.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: To prohibit incest and eugenic reasons, marriage laws have set restrictions for relatives to marry. Direct blood relatives are usually prohibited to marry, while for branch line relatives, laws are wary.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Kinship relations through marriage is also called "affinity," relationships that arise in one's group of origin, can also be called one's descent group. Some cultures in kinship relationships may be considered to extend out to those who they have economic or political relationships with; or other forms of social connections. Within some cultures they may lead you back to gods or animal ancestors (totems). This can be conceived of on a more or less literal basis.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: South Africa under apartheid also banned interracial marriage. The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949 prohibited marriage between persons of different races, and the Immorality Act of 1950 made sexual relations with a person of a different race a crime.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The establishment of recognition in law for the marriages of same-sex couples is one of the most prominent objectives of the LGBT rights movement.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Polygyny is widely practiced in mostly Muslim and African countries. In the Middle Eastern region, Israel, Turkey and Tunisia are notable exceptions.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In most other jurisdictions, polygamy is illegal. For example, In the United States, polygamy is illegal in all 50 states.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Several countries such as India and Sri Lanka, permit only their Islamic citizens to practice polygamy. Some Indians have converted to Islam in order to bypass such legal restrictions. Predominantly Christian nations usually do not allow polygamous unions, with a handful of exceptions being the Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Zambia.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In various jurisdictions, a civil marriage may take place as part of the religious marriage ceremony, although they are theoretically distinct. Some jurisdictions allow civil marriages in circumstances which are notably not allowed by particular religions, such as same-sex marriages or civil unions.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The opposite case may happen as well. Partners may not have full juridical acting capacity and churches may have less strict limits than the civil jurisdictions. This particularly applies to minimum age, or physical infirmities.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: It is possible for two people to be recognized as married by a religious or other institution, but not by the state, and hence without the legal rights and obligations of marriage; or to have a civil marriage deemed invalid and sinful by a religion. Similarly, a couple may remain married in religious eyes after a civil divorce.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Most sovereign states and other jurisdictions limit legally recognized marriage to opposite-sex couples and a diminishing number of these permit polygyny, child marriages, and forced marriages. In modern times, a growing number of countries, primarily developed democracies, have lifted bans on, and have established legal recognition for, the marriages of interfaith, interracial, and same-sex couples. In some areas, child marriages and polygamy may occur in spite of national laws against the practice.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Each religious authority has rules for the manner in which marriages are to be conducted by their officials and members. Where religious marriages are recognised by the state, the officiator must also conform with the law of the jurisdiction.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In a small number of jurisdictions marriage relationships may be created by the operation of the law alone. Unlike the typical ceremonial marriage with legal contract, wedding ceremony, and other details, a common-law marriage may be called "marriage by habit and repute (cohabitation)." A de facto common-law marriage without a license or ceremony is legally binding in some jurisdictions but has no legal consequence in others.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: People have proposed arguments against marriage for reasons that include political, philosophical and religious criticisms; concerns about the divorce rate; individual liberty and gender equality; questioning the necessity of having a personal relationship sanctioned by government or religious authorities; or the promotion of celibacy for religious or philosophical reasons.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Some critics object to what they see as propaganda in relation to marriage – from the government, religious organizations, the media – which aggressively promote marriage as a solution for all social problems; such propaganda includes, for instance, marriage promotion in schools, where children, especially girls, are bombarded with positive information about marriage, being presented only with the information prepared by authorities.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Many of the world's major religions look with disfavor on sexual relations outside marriage. There are non-secular states that sanction criminal penalties for sexual intercourse before marriage. Sexual relations by a married person with someone other than his/her spouse is known as adultery. Adultery is considered in many jurisdictions to be a crime and grounds for divorce.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In some countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Kuwait, Maldives, Morocco, Oman, Mauritania, United Arab Emirates, Sudan, Yemen, any form of sexual activity outside marriage is illegal.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: An issue that is a serious concern regarding marriage and which has been the object of international scrutiny is that of sexual violence within marriage. Throughout much of the history, in most cultures, sex in marriage was considered a 'right', that could be taken by force (often by a man from a woman), if 'denied'. As the concept of human rights started to develop in the 20th century, and with the arrival of second-wave feminism, such views have become less widely held.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Throughout history, and still today in many countries, laws have provided for extenuating circumstances, partial or complete defenses, for men who killed their wives due to adultery, with such acts often being seen as crimes of passion and being covered by legal defenses such as provocation or defense of family honor.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: While international law and conventions recognize the need for consent for entering a marriage – namely that people cannot be forced to get married against their will – the right to obtain a divorce is not recognized; therefore holding a person in a marriage against their will (if such person has consented to entering in it) is not considered a violation of human rights, with the issue of divorce being left at the appreciation of individual states.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In the EU, the last country to allow divorce was Malta, in 2011. Around the world, the only countries to forbid divorce are Philippines and Vatican City, although in practice in many countries which use a fault-based divorce system obtaining a divorce is very difficult. The ability to divorce, in law and practice, has been and continues to be a controversial issue in many countries, and public discourse involves different ideologies such as feminism, social conservatism, religious interpretations.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Historically, and still in many countries, children born outside marriage suffered severe social stigma and discrimination. In England and Wales, such children were known as bastards and whoresons.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: There are significant differences between world regions in regard to the social and legal position of non-marital births, ranging from being fully accepted and uncontroversial to being severely stigmatized and discriminated.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: While in most Western countries legal inequalities between children born inside and outside marriage have largely been abolished, this is not the case in some parts of the world.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Children born outside marriage have become more common, and in some countries, the majority. Recent data from Latin America showed figures for non-marital childbearing to be 74% for Colombia, 69% for Peru, 68% for Chile, 66% for Brazil, 58% for Argentina, 55% for Mexico. In 2012, in the European Union, 40% of births were outside marriage, and in the United States, in 2013, the figure was similar, at 41%. In the United Kingdom 48% of births were to unmarried women in 2012; in Ireland the figure was 35%.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: During the first half of the 20th century, unmarried women in some Western countries were coerced by authorities to give their children up for adoption. This was especially the case in Australia, through the forced adoptions in Australia, with most of these adoptions taking place between the 1950s and the 1970s. In 2013, Julia Gillard, then Prime Minister of Australia, offered a national apology to those affected by the forced adoptions.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Some married couples choose not to have children. Others are unable to have children because of infertility or other factors preventing conception or the bearing of children. In some cultures, marriage imposes an "obligation" on women to bear children. In northern Ghana, for example, payment of bridewealth signifies a woman's requirement to bear children, and women using birth control face substantial threats of physical abuse and reprisals.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Religions develop in specific geographic and social milieux. Religious attitudes and practices relating to marriage vary, but have many similarities.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The Baháʼí Faith encourages marriage and views it as a mutually strengthening bond. A Baháʼí marriage is contingent on the consent of all living parents.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Modern Christianity bases its views on marriage upon the teachings of Jesus and the Paul the Apostle. Many of the largest Christian denominations regard marriage as a sacrament, sacred institution, or covenant.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The Christian Church performed marriages in the narthex of the church prior to the 16th century, when the emphasis was on the marital contract and betrothal. Subsequently, the ceremony moved inside the sacristy of the church.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Christians often marry for religious reasons, ranging from following the biblical injunction for a "man to leave his father and mother and cleave to his wife, and the two shall become one", to accessing the Divine grace of the Roman Catholic Sacrament.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The Roman Catholic tradition of the 12th and 13th centuries defined marriage as a sacrament ordained by God, signifying the mystical marriage of Christ to his Church.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The matrimonial covenant, by which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life, is by its nature ordered toward the good of the spouses and the procreation and education of offspring; this covenant between baptized persons has been raised by Christ the Lord to the dignity of a sacrament.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Since the 16th century, five competing models have shaped marriage in the Western tradition, as described by John Witte, Jr.:

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) believe that "marriage between a man and a woman is ordained of God and that the family is central to the Creator's plan for the eternal destiny of His children." Their view of marriage is that family relationships can endure beyond the grave. This is known as 'eternal marriage' which can be eternal only when authorized priesthood holders perform the sealing ordinance in sacred temples.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Although many Christian denominations do not currently perform same-sex marriages, many do, such as the Presbyterian Church (USA), some dioceses of the Episcopal Church, the Metropolitan Community Church, Quakers, United Church of Canada, and United Church of Christ congregations, and some Anglican dioceses, for example. Same-sex marriage is recognized by various religious denominations.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Islam also commends marriage, with the age of marriage being whenever the individuals feel ready, financially and emotionally.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: For a Muslim wedding to take place, the bridegroom and the guardian of the bride ("wali") must both agree on the marriage. Should the guardian disagree on the marriage, it may not legally take place. If the "wali" of the girl is her father or paternal grandfather, he has the right to force her into marriage even against her proclaimed will, if it is her first marriage. A guardian who is allowed to force the bride into marriage is called "wali mujbir".

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In Shia Islam, marriage may take place without the presence of witnesses as is often the case in temporary Nikah mut‘ah (prohibited in Sunni Islam), but with the consent of both the bride and the groom. Following the marriage, they may consummate their marriage.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Among ancient Hebrews, marriage was a domestic affair and not a religious ceremony; the participation of a priest or rabbi was not required.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Betrothal ("erusin"), which refers to the time that this binding contract is made, is distinct from marriage itself ("nissu'in"), with the time between these events varying substantially.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In biblical times, a wife was regarded as personal property, belonging to her husband; the descriptions of the Bible suggest that she would be expected to perform tasks such as spinning, sewing, weaving, manufacture of clothing, fetching of water, baking of bread, and animal husbandry. However, wives were usually looked after with care, and men with more than one wife were expected to ensure that they continue to give the first wife food, clothing, and marital rights.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Since a wife was regarded as property, her husband was originally free to divorce her for any reason, at any time. Divorcing a woman against her will was also banned by Gershom ben Judah for Ashkenazi Jews. A divorced couple were permitted to get back together, unless the wife had married someone else after her divorce.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The Buddhist view of marriage considers marriage a secular affair and thus not a sacrament. Buddhists are expected to follow the civil laws regarding marriage laid out by their respective governments. Gautama Buddha, being a kshatriya was required by Shakyan tradition to pass a series of tests to prove himself as a warrior, before he was allowed to marry.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In a Sikh marriage, the couple walks around the "Guru Granth Sahib" holy book four times, and a holy man recites from it in the kirtan style. The ceremony is known as 'Anand Karaj' and represents the holy union of two souls united as one.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Sex is considered a pious and sacred activity for the Wiccans. In some traditions sex is ritualized in performing in the form of the Great Rite, whereby a High Priest and High Priestess invoke the God and Goddesses to possess them before performing sexual intercourse with one another. It is to raise magical energy for the use of spell work. It is said that it is used symbolically, using the athame to symbolize the penis and the chalice to symbolize the vagina.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Marriage, like other close relationships, exerts considerable influence on health. Married people experience lower morbidity and mortality across such diverse health threats as cancer, heart attacks, and surgery. Research on marriage and health is part of the broader study of the benefits of social relationships.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Social ties provide people with a sense of identity, purpose, belonging, and support. Simply being married, as well as the quality of one's marriage, have been linked to diverse measures of health.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The health-protective effect of marriage is stronger for men than women. Marital status—the simple fact of being married—confers more health benefits to men than women.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Women's health is more strongly impacted than men's by marital conflict or satisfaction, such that unhappily married women do not enjoy better health relative to their single counterparts. Most research on marriage and health has focused on heterosexual couples; more work is needed to clarify the health impacts of same-sex marriage.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In most societies, the death of one of the partners terminates the marriage, and in monogamous societies, this allows the other partner to remarry, though sometimes after a waiting or mourning period.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In some societies, a marriage can be annulled, when an authority declares that a marriage never happened. Jurisdictions often have provisions for void marriages or voidable marriages.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: A statutory right of two married partners to mutually consent to divorce was enacted in western nations in the mid-20th century. In the United States, no-fault divorce was first enacted in California in 1969 and the final state to legalize it was New York in 1989.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: About 45% of marriages in Britain and, according to a 2009 study, 46% of marriages in the U.S. end in divorce.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Many cultures have legends concerning the origins of marriage. The way in which a marriage is conducted and its rules and ramifications have changed over time, as has the institution itself, depending on the culture or demographic of the time.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The first recorded evidence of marriage ceremonies uniting a man and a woman dates back to approximately 2350 BC, in ancient Mesopotamia. Wedding ceremonies, as well as dowry and divorce, can be traced back to Mesopotamia and Babylonia.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Among ancient Germanic tribes, the bride and groom were roughly the same age and generally older than their Roman counterparts, at least according to Tacitus:

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The youths partake late of the pleasures of love, and hence pass the age of puberty unexhausted: nor are the virgins hurried into marriage; the same maturity, the same full growth is required: the sexes unite equally matched and robust, and the children inherit the vigor of their parents.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: From the early Christian era (30 to 325 CE), marriage was thought of as primarily a private matter, with no uniform religious or other ceremony being required. However, bishop Ignatius of Antioch writing around 110 to bishop Polycarp of Smyrna exhorts, "[I]t becomes both men and women who marry, to form their union with the approval of the bishop, that their marriage may be according to God, and not after their own lust."

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In 12th-century Europe, women took the surname of their husbands and starting in the second half of the 16th century parental consent along with the church's consent was required for marriage.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The age of marriage was not absolute, however, as child marriages occurred throughout the Middle Ages and later, with just some of them including:

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: As part of the Protestant Reformation, the role of recording marriages and setting the rules for marriage passed to the state, reflecting Martin Luther's view that marriage was a "worldly thing". By the 17th century, many of the Protestant European countries had a state involvement in marriage.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In England, under the Anglican Church, marriage by consent and cohabitation was valid until the passage of Lord Hardwicke's Act in 1753. This act instituted certain requirements for marriage, including the performance of a religious ceremony observed by witnesses.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: As part of the Counter-Reformation, in 1563 the Council of Trent decreed that a Roman Catholic marriage would be recognized only if the marriage ceremony was officiated by a priest with two witnesses. The Council also authorized a Catechism, issued in 1566, which defined marriage as "The conjugal union of man and woman, contracted between two qualified persons, which obliges them to live together throughout life."

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In the early modern period, John Calvin and his Protestant colleagues reformulated Christian marriage by enacting the Marriage Ordinance of Geneva, which imposed "The dual requirements of state registration and church consecration to constitute marriage" for recognition.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In England and Wales, since 1837, civil marriages have been recognized as a legal alternative to church marriages under the Marriage Act 1836. In Germany, civil marriages were recognized in 1875. This law permitted a declaration of the marriage before an official clerk of the civil administration, when both spouses affirm their will to marry, to constitute a legally recognized valid and effective marriage, and allowed an optional private clerical marriage ceremony.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: In contemporary English common law, a marriage is a voluntary contract by a man and a woman, in which by agreement they choose to become husband and wife. Edvard Westermarck proposed that "the institution of marriage has probably developed out of a primeval habit".

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: Since the late twentieth century, major social changes in Western countries have led to changes in the demographics of marriage, with the age of first marriage increasing, fewer people marrying, and more couples choosing to cohabit rather than marry. For example, the number of marriages in Europe decreased by 30% from 1975 to 2005. As of 2000, the average marriage age range was 25–44 years for men and 22–39 years for women.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Marriage

Context: The New Marriage Law of 1950 radically changed Chinese marriage traditions, enforcing monogamy, equality of men and women, and choice in marriage; arranged marriages were the most common type of marriage in China until then. Starting October 2003, it became legal to marry or divorce without authorization from the couple's work units. Although people with infectious diseases such as AIDS may now marry, marriage is still illegal for the mentally ill.

Question: বিবাহ শব্দটির উৎপত্তি কোন শব্দ থেকে ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: This came as result of the Indian National Congress (INC) withdrawing its support for British reforms following the "Rowlatt Act" of 18 March 1919—which suspended the rights of political prisoners in sedition trials, and was seen as a "political awakening" by Indians and as a "threat" by the British—and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: The non-cooperation movement was among the broader movement for Indian independence from British rule and ended, as Nehru described in his autobiography, "suddenly" on 4 February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident. Subsequent independence movements were the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Though intended to be non-violent, the movement was eventually called off by Gandhi in February 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident, in which numerous policemen were murdered by a mob at Chauri Chaura, United Provinces. Nonetheless, the movement marked the transition of Indian nationalism from a middle-class basis to the masses.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: The non-cooperation movement was a reaction towards the oppressive policies of the British Indian government such as the "Rowlatt Act" of 18 March 1919, as well as towards the Jallianwala massacre of 13 April 1919.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: The "Rowlatt Act" of 1919, which suspended the rights of political prisoners in sedition trials, was seen as a "political awakening" by Indians and as a "threat" by the British. Although it was never invoked and declared void just a few years later, the Act motivated Gandhi to conceive the idea of "satyagraha" (truth), which he saw as synonymous with independence.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Gandhi, who was a preacher of nonviolence, was horrified. He lost all faith in the goodness of the British government and declared that it would be a "sin" to cooperate with the "satanic" government. Likewise, the idea of "satyagraha" was subsequently authorised by Jawaharlal Nehru, for who the massacre also endorsed "the conviction that nothing short of independence was acceptable."

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Gandhi derived his ideologies and inspiration from ongoing non-cooperation movements, particularly that by Satguru Ram Singh, who is credited as being the first Indian to use non-cooperation and boycott of British merchandise and services as a political weapon.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: In response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and other violence in Punjab, the movement sought to secure "Swaraj", independence for India. Gandhi promised Swaraj within one year if his non-cooperation programme was fully implemented. The other reason to start the non-cooperation movement was that Gandhi lost faith in constitutional methods and turned from cooperator of British rule to non-cooperator campaigning for Indian independence from colonialism.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Other causes include economic hardships to the common Indian citizen, which the nationalists attributed to the economic exploitation of India under colonial rule, the hardships faced Indian artisans due to British factory-made goods replacing handmade goods, and conscription being employed by the British Indian Army to gather enough recruits during the First World War.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: The non-cooperation movement aimed to challenge the colonial economic and power structure, and British authorities would be forced to take notice of the demands of the independence movement.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Gandhi's call was for a nationwide protest against the "Rowlatt Act". In promoting "self-reliance," his planning of the non-cooperation movement included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained the British government and also economy in India," including British industries and educational institutions.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Through non-violent means, or "Ahinsa", protesters would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts (by spinning khadi, etc.), and picket liquor shops. Moreover:

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Publicly-held meetings and strikes ("hartals") during the movement ultimately led to the first arrests of both Jawaharlal Nehru and his father, Motilal Nehru, on 6 December 1921. The calls of early political leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Congress Extremists) were called major public meetings. They resulted in disorder or obstruction of government services. The British took them very seriously and imprisoned him in Mandalay in Burma and V. O.Chidambaram Pillai received 40 years of imprisonment.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Gandhi strengthened the movement by supporting the contemporaneous Khilafat Movement, the Muslim campaign to restore the status of the Khalifa and protest the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. As such, Gandhi received extensive support from Indian-Muslim leaders like Maulana Azad, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, Abbas Tyabji, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: The eminent Hindi writer, poet, playwright, journalist, and nationalist Rambriksh Benipuri, who spent more than eight years in prison campaigning for India's independence, wrote:

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: The impact of the revolt was a total shock to British authorities and a massive support to millions of Indian nationalists. Unity in the country was strengthened and many Indian schools and colleges were made. Indian goods were encouraged.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: On 5 February 1922 a massacre took place at Chauri Chaura, a small town in the district of Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. A police officer had attacked some volunteers picketing a liquor shop. A whole crowd of peasants that had gathered there went to the police "chowki" (station). The mob set fire to the police "chowki" with some 22 policemen inside it.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Mahatma Gandhi felt that the revolt was veering off-course, and was disappointed with the rise of violent nature of the movement. He did not want the movement to degenerate into a contest of violence, with police and angry mobs attacking each other back and forth, victimizing civilians in between. Gandhi appealed to the Indian public for all resistance to end, went on a fast and on 12 February 1922 called off the non-cooperation movement.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Gandhi was also a firm believer of STS (struggle truce struggle). He believed that after a duration of struggle, there should be a resting phase by which they could recover the power and rise again more strong and powerful. Though this point is not mentioned but every movement lead by Gandhi was withdrawn by him after a year or two.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Although he had stopped the national revolt single-handedly, on 12 Feb 1922, Mahatma Gandhi was arrested. On 18 March 1922, he was imprisoned for six years for publishing seditious materials. This led to the suppression of the movement and was followed by the arrest of other leaders.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Although most Congress leaders remained firmly behind Gandhi, the determined leaders broke away, including the Ali brothers (Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Shaukat Ali). Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das formed the Swaraj Party, rejecting Gandhi's leadership. Many nationalists had felt that the non-cooperation movement should not have been stopped due to isolated incidents of violence, and most nationalists while retaining confidence in Gandhi, were discouraged.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


Non-cooperation movement

Context: Gandhi's commitment to nonviolence was redeemed when, between 1930 and 1934, tens of millions again revolted in the Salt Satyagraha which made India's cause famous worldwide for its unerring adherence to non-violence. The Satyagraha ended in success. The demands of Indians were met and the Congress was recognized as a representative of the Indian people. The "Government of India Act 1935" also gave India its first taste in democratic self-governance.

Question: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন কবে শুরু হয় ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ), or simply the Emirates ( ), is a country in Western Asia (The Middle East). It is located at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula and shares borders with Oman and Saudi Arabia, while having maritime borders in the Arabian/Persian Gulf with Qatar and Iran. Abu Dhabi is the nation's capital, while Dubai, the most populous city, is an international hub.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The United Arab Emirates has been inhabited for over 125,000 years. It has been the crossroads of trading for many civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Persia, and India.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Human rights in the country has been regarded by human rights groups, such as Amnesty International, Freedom House and Human Rights Watch, as generally substandard, with citizens criticising the regime imprisoned and tortured, families harassed by the state security apparatus, and cases of forced disappearances. Individual rights such as the freedoms of assembly, association, the press, expression, and religion are also severely repressed.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The UAE is considered a middle power. It is a member of the United Nations, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, OPEC, Non-Aligned Movement, and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: In ancient times, Al Hasa (today's Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia) was part of Al Bahreyn and adjoined Greater Oman (today's UAE and Oman). From the second century CE, there was a movement of tribes from Al Bahreyn towards the lower Gulf, together with a migration among the Azdite Qahtani (or Yamani) and Quda'ah tribal groups from south-west Arabia towards central Oman.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: In 637, Julfar (in the area of today's Ras Al Khaimah) was an important port that was used as a staging post for the Islamic invasion of the Sasanian Empire. The area of the Al Ain/Buraimi Oasis was known as Tu'am and was an important trading post for camel routes between the coast and the Arabian interior.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The southern coast of the Persian Gulf was known to the British as the "Pirate Coast", as boats of the Al Qawasim federation harassed British-flagged shipping from the 17th century into the 19th. The charge of piracy is disputed by modern Emirati historians, including the current Ruler of Sharjah, Sheikh Sultan Al Qasimi, in his 1986 book "The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf".

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: In 1869, the Qubaisat tribe settled at Khawr al Udayd and tried to enlist the support of the Ottomans, whose flag was occasionally seen flying there. Khawr al Udayd was claimed by Abu Dhabi at that time, a claim supported by the British. In 1906, the British Political Resident, Percy Cox, confirmed in writing to the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan ('Zayed the Great') that Khawr al Udayd belonged to his sheikhdom.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Meanwhile, onshore exploration was hindered by territorial disputes. In 1955, the United Kingdom represented Abu Dhabi and Oman in their dispute with Saudi Arabia over the Buraimi Oasis. A 1974 agreement between Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia seemed to have settled the Abu Dhabi-Saudi border dispute, but this has not been ratified. The UAE's border with Oman was ratified in 2008.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: A 19-year-old Emirati from Abu Dhabi, Abdullah Mohammed Al Maainah, designed the UAE flag in 1971. The four colours of the flag are the Pan-Arab colours of red, green, white, and black, and represent the unity of the Arab nations. It was adopted on 2 December 1971. Al Maainah went on to serve as the UAE ambassador to Chile and currently serves as the UAE ambassador to the Czech Republic.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: On 29 January 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the UAE, as a 73-year-old Chinese woman had tested positive for the disease. Two months later, in March, the government announced the closure of shopping malls, schools, and places of worship, in addition to imposing a 24-hour curfew, and suspending all Emirates passenger flights. This resulted in a major economic downturn, which eventually led to the merger of more than 50% of the UAE's federal agencies.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: On 29 August 2020, the UAE established normal diplomatic relations with Israel and with the help of the United States, they signed the Abraham Accords with Bahrain.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: On 9 February 2021, the UAE achieved a historic milestone when its probe, named Hope, successfully reached Mars' orbit. The UAE became the first country in the Arab world to reach Mars, the fifth country to successfully reach Mars, and the second country, after an Indian probe, to orbit Mars on its maiden attempt.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: On 14 May 2022, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan was elected as the UAE's new president after the death of Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The United Arab Emirates is situated in Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia; it is in a strategic location slightly south of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The UAE contains four terrestri ecoregions: Al Hajar montane woodlands, Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert, Al-Hajar foothill xeric woodlands and shrublands, and Al-Hajar montane woodlands and shrublands.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: On 28 December 2004, there was snow recorded in the UAE for the first time, in the Jebel Jais mountain cluster in Ras al-Khaimah. A few years later, there were more sightings of snow and hail. The Jebel Jais mountain cluster has experienced snow only twice since records began.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The UAE is the only country in the world that has a Ministry of Tolerance, a Ministry of Happiness, and a Ministry of Artificial Intelligence. The UAE also has a virtual ministry called the Ministry of Possibilities, designed to find solutions to challenges and improve quality of life. The UAE also has a National Youth Council, which is represented in the UAE cabinet by the Minister of Youth.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The UAE legislative is the Federal National Council which convenes nationwide elections every 4 years. The FNC consists of 40 members drawn from all the emirates. Each emirate is allocated specific seats to ensure full representation. Half are appointed by the rulers of the constituent emirates, and the other half are elected. By law, the council members have to be equally divided between males and females. The FNC is restricted to a largely consultative role.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Emirati foreign relations are motivated to a large extent by identity and relationship to the Arab world. The United Arab Emirates has strong ties with Bahrain, China, Egypt, France, India, Jordan, Pakistan Russia, Saudi Arabia and the United States.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The United Arab Emirates military force was formed in 1971 from the historical Trucial Oman Scouts, long a symbol of public order in Eastern Arabia and commanded by British officers. The Trucial Oman Scouts were turned over to the United Arab Emirates, as the nucleus of its defence forces in 1971, with the formation of the UAE, and was absorbed into the Union Defence Force.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The UAE intervened in the Libyan Civil War in support of General Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army in its conflict with the internationally recognised Government of National Accord (GNA).

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Examples of the military assets deployed include the enforcement of the no-fly-zone over Libya by sending six UAEAF F-16 and six Mirage 2000 multi-role fighter aircraft, ground troop deployment in Afghanistan, 30 UAEAF F-16s and ground troops deployment in Southern Yemen, and helping the US launch its first airstrikes against ISIL targets in Syria.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The UAE introduced a mandatory military service for adult males, since 2014, for 16 months to expand its reserve force. The highest loss of life in the history of UAE military occurred on Friday 4 September 2015, in which 52 soldiers were killed in Marib area of central Yemen by a Tochka missile which targeted a weapons cache and caused a large explosion.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The United Arab Emirates comprises seven emirates. Dubai is the most populous emirate with 35.6% of the UAE population. The Emirate of Abu Dhabi has 31.2%, meaning that over two-thirds of the UAE population lives in either Abu Dhabi or Dubai.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Abu Dhabi has an area of , which is 86.7% of the country's total area, excluding the islands. It has a coastline extending for more than and is divided for administrative purposes into three major regions.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The UAE has a federal court system. There are three main branches within the court structure: civil, criminal and Sharia law. The UAE's judicial system is derived from the civil law system and Sharia law. The court system consists of civil courts and Sharia courts. UAE's criminal and civil courts apply elements of Sharia law, codified into its criminal code and family law.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Amputation is a legal punishment in the UAE due to the Sharia courts. Crucifixion is a legal punishment in the UAE. Article 1 of the Federal Penal Code states that "provisions of the Islamic Law shall apply to the crimes of doctrinal punishment, punitive punishment and blood money." The Federal Penal Code repealed only those provisions within the penal codes of individual emirates which are contradictory to the Federal Penal Code. Hence, both are enforceable simultaneously.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: In recent history, the UAE has declared its intention to move towards a more tolerant legal code, and to phase out corporal punishment altogether. With alcohol and cohabitation laws being loosened in advance of the 2020 World Expo, Emirati laws have become increasingly acceptable to visitors from non-Muslim countries.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Sharia courts have exclusive jurisdiction over family law cases and also have jurisdiction over several criminal cases including adultery, premarital sex, robbery, alcohol consumption and related crimes. The Sharia-based personal status law regulates matters such as marriage, divorce and child custody. The Islamic personal status law is applied to Muslims and sometimes non-Muslims. Non-Muslim expatriates can be liable to Sharia rulings on marriage, divorce and child custody.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Kissing in certain public places is illegal and could result in deportation. Expats in Dubai have been deported for kissing in public. In Abu Dhabi, people have been sentenced to 80 lashes for kissing in public. A new federal law in the UAE prohibits swearing in WhatsApp and penalizes swearing by a 250,000 AED fine and imprisonment; expatriates are penalized by deportation. In July 2015, an Australian expatriate was deported for swearing on Facebook.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Homosexuality is illegal and is a capital offence in the UAE. In 2013, an Emirati man was on trial for being accused of a "gay handshake". Article 80 of the Abu Dhabi Penal Code makes sodomy punishable with imprisonment of up to 14 years, while article 177 of the Penal Code of Dubai imposes imprisonment of up to 10 years on consensual sodomy.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: In November 2020, UAE announced that it decriminalised alcohol, lifted ban on unmarried couples living together and ended clement punishment on honor killing. Foreigners living in the Emirates were allowed to follow their native country's laws on divorce and inheritance.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Apostasy is a crime punishable by death in the UAE. Blasphemy is illegal; expatriates involved in insulting Islam are liable for deportation. UAE incorporates hudud crimes of Sharia (i.e., crimes against God) into its Penal Code – apostasy being one of them. Article 1 and Article 66 of UAE's Penal Code requires hudud crimes to be punished with the death penalty; therefore, apostasy is punishable by death in the UAE.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Flogging and stoning are legal punishments in the UAE. The requirement is derived from Sharia law, and has been federal law since 2005. Some domestic workers in the UAE are victims of the country's interpretations of Sharia judicial punishments such as flogging and stoning. The annual Freedom House report on Freedom in the World has listed the United Arab Emirates as "Not Free" every year since 1999, the first year for which records are available on their website.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The Arab Organization for Human Rights has obtained testimonies from many defendants, for its report on "Forced Disappearance and Torture in the UAE", who reported that they had been kidnapped, tortured and abused in detention centres. The report included 16 different methods of torture including severe beatings, threats with electrocution and denying access to medical care.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: In 2013, 94 Emirati activists were held in secret detention centres and put on trial for allegedly attempting to overthrow the government. Human rights organizations have spoken out against the secrecy of the trial. An Emirati, whose father is among the defendants, was arrested for tweeting about the trial. In April 2013, he was sentenced to 10 months in jail. The latest forced disappearance involves three sisters from Abu Dhabi.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Repressive measures were also used against non-Emiratis in order to justify the UAE government's claim that there is an "international plot" in which UAE citizens and foreigners were working together to destabilize the country. Foreign nationals were also subjected to a campaign of deportations. There are many documented cases of Egyptians and other foreign nationals who had spent years working in the UAE and were then given only a few days to leave the country.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: In recent years, many Shia Muslim expatriates have been deported from the UAE. Lebanese Shia families in particular have been deported for their alleged sympathy for Hezbollah. According to some organizations, more than 4,000 Shia expatriates have been deported from the UAE in recent years.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: The State Security Apparatus in the UAE has been accused of a series of atrocities and human rights abuses including enforced disappearance, arbitrary arrests and torture.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?


United Arab Emirates

Context: Freedom of association is also severely curtailed. All associations and NGOs have to register through the Ministry of Social Affairs and are therefore under de facto State control. About twenty non-political groups operate on the territory without registration. All associations have to be submitted to censorship guidelines and all publications have first to be approved by the government.

Question: সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাত দেশটির সরকারি ভাষা কী ?