Jane Fonda

Context: On January 27, 2007, Fonda participated in an anti-war rally and march held on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., declaring that "silence is no longer an option". She spoke at an anti-war rally earlier that day at the Navy Memorial, where members of the organization Free Republic picketed in a counter protest.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: In March 2022, Fonda launched the Jane Fonda Climate PAC, a political action committee with the purpose of ousting politicians supporting the fossil fuel industry.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: On April 5, 2005, Random House published Fonda's autobiography "My Life So Far". The book describes her life as a series of three acts, each thirty years long, and declares that her third "act" will be her most significant, partly because of her commitment to the Christian religion, and that it will determine the things for which she will be remembered.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: Fonda's autobiography was well received by book critics and noted to be "as beguiling and as maddening as Jane Fonda herself" in its review in "The Washington Post", calling her a "beautiful bundle of contradictions". "The New York Times" called the book "achingly poignant".

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: In January 2009, Fonda began chronicling her Broadway return in a blog with posts about topics ranging from her Pilates class to fears and excitement about her new play. She uses Twitter and has a Facebook page.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: In 2011, Fonda published a new book: "Prime Time: Love, health, sex, fitness, friendship, spirit – making the most of all of your life". It offers stories from her own life as well as from the lives of others, giving her perspective on how to better live what she calls "the critical years from 45 and 50, and especially from 60 and beyond".

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: On September 8, 2020, Harper Collins published Fonda's book, "What Can I Do?: The Truth About Climate Change and How to Fix It".

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: Fonda's charitable works have focused on youth and education, adolescent reproductive health, environment, human services, and the arts.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: Fonda marketed her highly-successful line of exercise videos and books in order to fund the Campaign for Economic Democracy, a California lobbying organization she founded with her second husband Tom Hayden in 1978.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: Fonda married her third husband, cable television tycoon and CNN founder Ted Turner, on December 21, 1991, at a ranch near Capps, Florida, about 20 miles east of Tallahassee. The pair separated four days into the new millennium and divorced on May 22, 2001, in Atlanta.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: Seven years of celibacy followed, then from 2007 to 2008 Fonda was the companion of widowered management consultant Lynden Gillis.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: In mid-2009, Fonda began a relationship with record producer Richard Perry. It ended in January 2017. That December, when asked what she had learned about love, Fonda told "Entertainment Tonight": "Nothing. I'm not cut out for it!"

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: Patricia Bosworth's 2011 biography of Fonda notes that, over the span of her career, she also has been rumored to be romantically linked to numerous men, including co-stars Alain Delon, Kris Kristofferson and Jimmy Smits, musician Mick Jagger, cinematographer Sven Nykvist, talk show host Geraldo Rivera, columnist Robert Scheer and slain hairdresser Jay Sebring, but most of these liaisons are unconfirmed so far.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: Fonda grew up atheist but turned to Christianity in the early 2000s. She describes her beliefs as being "outside of established religion" with a more feminist slant and views God as something that "lives within each of us as Spirit (or soul)". Fonda once refused to say "Jesus Christ" in "Grace and Frankie" and requested a script change. She practices zazen and yoga.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: As a child, Fonda suffered from a poor self-image and lacked confidence in her appearance, an issue exacerbated by her father Henry Fonda. About that, Fonda said:

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: I was raised in the '50s. I was taught by my father [actor Henry Fonda] that how I looked was all that mattered, frankly. He was a good man, and I was mad for him, but he sent messages to me that fathers should not send: Unless you look perfect, you're not going to be loved.In another interview with Oprah Winfrey, Fonda confessed, after years of struggling with her self-image, "It took me a long long time to realize we're not meant to be perfect, we're meant to be whole."

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: In adulthood, Fonda developed bulimia, which took a toll on her quality of life for many years, an issue that also affected her mother Frances Ford Seymour, who died by suicide when Fonda was 12. On the subject of her recovery from bulimia, Fonda said,

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: It was in my 40s, and if you suffer from bulimia, the older you get, the worse it gets. It takes longer to recover from a bout ... I had a career, I was winning awards, I was supporting nonprofits, I had a family. I had to make a choice: I live or I die.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: Fonda was diagnosed with breast cancer and osteoporosis in her later years. She underwent a lumpectomy in November 2010 and recovered. In April 2019, Fonda revealed she had a cancerous growth removed from her lower lip the previous year and pre-melanoma growths removed from her skin.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: In 1994, the United Nations Population Fund made Fonda a Goodwill Ambassador. In 2004, she was awarded the Women's eNews 21 Leaders for the 21st Century award as one of Seven Who Change Their Worlds. In 2007, Fonda was awarded an Honorary Palme d'Or by Cannes Film Festival President Gilles Jacob for career achievement. Only three others had received such an award – Jeanne Moreau, Alain Resnais, and Gérard Oury.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: In December 2008, Fonda was inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. In November and December 2009, she received the National German Sustainability Award and New York Women's Agenda Lifetime Achievement Award. She was also selected as the 42nd recipient (2014) of the AFI Life Achievement Award. In 2017, she received a Goldene Kamera lifetime achievement award.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: She was one of fifteen women selected to appear on the cover of the September 2019 issue of British "Vogue", by guest editor Meghan, Duchess of Sussex.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


Jane Fonda

Context: In 2019, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame and in the following year she was on the list of the BBC's 100 Women announced on November 23, 2020.

Question: متى ولدت الممثلة جين فوندا؟


2017 German federal election

Context: Federal elections were held in Germany on 24 September 2017 to elect the members of the 19th Bundestag. At stake were at least 598 seats in the Bundestag, as well as 111 overhang and leveling seats determined thereafter.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: In January 2017, party leader Sigmar Gabriel recommended Martin Schulz, the former President of the European Parliament, as their leader and chancellor candidate. The party substantially increased its support as a result; however, the CDU afterward regained its lead, with polls generally showing a 13–16% lead over the SPD.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: German law requires that a new Bundestag shall be elected on a Sunday or on a nationwide holiday between 46 and 48 months after the last Bundestag's first sitting ("Basic Law" Article 39 Section 1). In January 2017, then-President Joachim Gauck scheduled the election for 24 September 2017.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: After the election, the 19th Bundestag had to hold its first sitting within 30 days. Until that first sitting, the members of the 18th Bundestag remained in office ("Basic Law" Article 39 Section 1 and 2).

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: Germany uses the mixed-member proportional representation system, a system of proportional representation combined with elements of first-past-the-post voting. The Bundestag has 598 nominal members, elected for a four-year term; these seats are distributed between the sixteen German states in proportion to the states' population eligible to vote.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: If a voter has cast a first vote for a successful independent candidate or a successful candidate whose party failed to qualify for proportional representation, their second vote does not count to determine proportional representation; however, it does count to determine whether the elected party has exceeded the 5% threshold.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: Parties representing recognized national minorities, such as Danes, Frisians, Sorbs, and Romani people, are exempt from the 5% threshold but normally only run in state elections.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: Altogether 38 parties have managed to get on the ballot in at least one state and can therefore (theoretically) earn proportional representation in the Bundestag. Furthermore, there are several independent candidates, running for a single-member constituency. Below are the major parties that are likely to either exceed the threshold of 5% second votes or to win single-member constituencies (first votes).

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: As the CDU/CSU and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) were likely to win the most seats in the election, their leading candidates are referred to as chancellor candidates; however, this does not mean that the new Bundestag is legally bound to elect one of them as chancellor.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: The CDU/CSU and the SPD remained the two largest parties in the Bundestag, but both received a significantly lower proportion of the vote than they did in the 2013 German federal election.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: The AfD received enough votes to enter the Bundestag for the first time, taking 12.6 percent of the vote—more than double the five percent threshold required to qualify for full parliamentary status. It also won three constituency seats, which would have qualified it for proportionally-elected seats in any event.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: The FDP returned to the Bundestag with 10.7 percent of the vote. Despite improving their results slightly and thus gaining a few more seats, the Left and the Greens remained the two smallest parties in parliament.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: In the final days of the preliminary talks, the four parties had still failed to come to agreement on migration and climate issues. Preliminary talks between the parties collapsed on 20 November after the FDP withdrew, arguing that the talks had failed to produce a common vision or trust.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


2017 German federal election

Context: On 12 January, the CDU/CSU and the SPD announced that they had reached a breakthrough in the preliminary talks and agreed upon an outline document to begin formal negotiations for the grand coalition. On 21 January, the SPD held an extraordinary party conference of 642 delegates in Bonn. The conference voted in favour of accepting the conclusion of preliminary talks and launching formal coalition negotiations with the CDU/CSU. The formal coalition talks finally began on 26 January.

Question: من هو الحزب الفائز بالإنتخابات الألمانية في 2018؟


Kuwait national football team

Context: Kuwait's 20–0 win over Bhutan in 2000 was at the time the biggest ever victory in international football. It was surpassed in 2001, when Australia beat American Samoa 31–0.

Question: متى شاركت الكويت في منافسات كأس العالم لكرة القدم؟


Kuwait national football team

Context: Kuwait's biggest win was against Bhutan which ended in a thrilling 20–0 win, which was the biggest win until Australia won 31–0 against American Samoa in 2001. Kuwait's most successful years were between 1970 and 1990 which had players like Jasem Yaqoub, Faisal Al-Dakhil, and Saad Al-Houti.

Question: متى شاركت الكويت في منافسات كأس العالم لكرة القدم؟


Kuwait national football team

Context: On 30 October 2007, Kuwait was suspended by FIFA from all participation in international football, on the grounds of governmental interference in the national football association. The ban lasted less than 2 weeks.

Question: متى شاركت الكويت في منافسات كأس العالم لكرة القدم؟


Kuwait national football team

Context: On 7 December 2017, it was announced that Kuwait would host the 2017 Gulf Cup tournament after Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain, all withdrew when the tournament was previously set to be hosted by Qatar because of the Qatari diplomatic crisis, so it was moved to Kuwait to please all withdrawn parties to participate.

Question: متى شاركت الكويت في منافسات كأس العالم لكرة القدم؟


Kuwait national football team

Context: All Kuwait matches are broadcast with full commentary on Kuwait TV Sport. These matches are live and exclusive. beIN Sports broadcast Kuwait matches live and exclusive. So broadcast exclusively on 3 different channels, which is not exclusive. Dubai Sports broadcast Kuwait matches only in special events like the Gulf Cup, Asian Cup and others.

Question: متى شاركت الكويت في منافسات كأس العالم لكرة القدم؟


Kuwait national football team

Context: "**Gold background colour indicates that the tournament was won. Red border colour indicates tournament was held on home soil."

Question: متى شاركت الكويت في منافسات كأس العالم لكرة القدم؟


Axis leaders of World War II

Context: Various countries fought side by side with the Axis powers for a common cause. These countries were not signatories of the Tripartite Pact and thus not formal members of the Axis.

Question: من كان يقود قوات المحورفي الحرب العالمية الثانية؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: On 29 May 2008, the Associated Press reported that two Norwegian opposition parties had come out in favour of the new bill, assuring its passage in the Storting. Prior to this, there were some disagreements with members of the current three-party governing coalition on whether the bill had enough votes to pass.

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: Lesbian, gay and bisexual people can serve openly in the Armed Forces. They have had full rights and anti-discrimination protections since 1979. Transgender persons may serve openly as well.

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: Section 5 of the "Act on the Prohibition of Discrimination on the grounds of Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Gender Expression" (), enacted in 2013, states as follows:

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: According to the Oslo Police District, 238 bias-motivated crimes had occurred in Oslo in 2018, of which 20 percent related to LGBT status; the remaining relating to ethnicity (57%), religion (17%), disability (3%) or anti-Semitism (3%).

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: The Norwegian Institute of Social Research reported in 2019 that LGBT people were more at risk of experiencing hate speech. 15% of LGBT respondents reported having been the target of personal threats, mostly online, compared to 4% among the general population.

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: In November 2020, the Storting amended the country's hate speech law to protect bisexual and transgender people. The law has protected gay and lesbian people from hate speech since 1981.

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: In 2000, the Norwegian Psychiatric Association overwhelmingly voted for the position statement that "homosexuality is no disorder or illness, and can therefore not be subject to treatment. A 'treatment' with the only aim of changing sexual orientation from homosexual to heterosexual must be regarded as ethical malpractice, and should have no place in the health system".

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: In 2015, media reported that there were calls to have a taxi station moved from near the entrance to Oslo's oldest gay pub. Several Muslims claimed that pictures had been taken of them entering the pub by taxi drivers parked at the station; some of these pictures were later distributed widely within Muslim communities.

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: In July 2020, the Norwegian Government announced that it would give LGBT refugees, alongside vulnerable women and children, priority. The rules only apply for the transfer of refugees from one asylum country to another for permanent resettlement.

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: Five different polls conducted by Gallup Europe, Sentio, Synovate MMI, Norstat and YouGov in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2012 and 2013 concluded that 61%, 63%, 66%, 58%, 70% and 78%, respectively, of the Norwegian population supported gender-neutral marriage laws.

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: The Norwegian Directorate for Children, Youth and Family Affairs (Bufdir) found that the proportion of people with hostile attitudes towards LGBT+ people has been steadily decreasing; in 2017 7.8% expressed hostile attitudes towards gay people while 11% expressed hostile attitudes towards transgender people.

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: In the 2020s some tabloid newspapers have been criticized for regularly publishing transphobic content; for example journalism expert has criticized the newspaper "Klassekampen" for contributing to "incitement and hatred against transgender people."

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


LGBT rights in Norway

Context: 2021 also saw the formation of anti-transgender groups such as Kvinneaktivistene and a Norwegian branch of Women's Declaration International (formerly WHRC).

Question: ما أول دولة أصدرت قانون يحمي  المثليين في العالم؟


OPEC

Context: Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. Ecuador, Indonesia and Qatar are former OPEC members. A larger group called OPEC+ was formed in late 2016 to have more control on the global crude oil market.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: The organizational logic that underpins OPEC is that it is in the collective interest of its members to limit the world oil supply in order to reap higher prices. However, the main problem within OPEC is that it is individually rational for members to cheat on commitments and produce as much oil as possible.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: At various times, OPEC members have displayed apparent anti-competitive cartel behavior through the organization's agreements about oil production and price levels. Economists often cite OPEC as a textbook example of a cartel that cooperates to reduce market competition, as in this definition from OECD's "Glossary of Industrial Organisation Economics and Competition Law":

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: The embargo also meant that a section of the Non-Aligned Movement saw power as a source of hope for their developing countries. The Algerian president Houari Boumédiène expressed this hope in a speech at the UN's sixth Special Session, in April 1974:

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: OPEC's international aid activities date from well before the 1973–1974 oil price surge. For example, the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development has operated since 1961.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: Lower demand triggered by the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis saw the price of oil fall back to 1986 levels. After oil slumped to around US$10/bbl, joint diplomacy achieved a gradual slowing of oil production by OPEC, Mexico and Norway. After prices slumped again in Nov. 2001, OPEC, Norway, Mexico, Russia, Oman and Angola agreed to cut production on 1 Jan. 2002 for 6 months. OPEC contributed 1.5 million barrels a day (mbpd) to the approximately 2 mbpd of cuts announced.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: In June 2003, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and OPEC held their first joint workshop on energy issues. They have continued to meet regularly since then, "to collectively better understand trends, analysis and viewpoints and advance market transparency and predictability."

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: In spite of global oversupply, on 27 November 2014 in Vienna, Saudi oil minister Ali Al-Naimi blocked appeals from poorer OPEC members for production cuts to support prices. Naimi argued that the oil market should be left to rebalance itself competitively at lower price levels, strategically rebuilding OPEC's long-term market share by ending the profitability of high-cost US shale oil production. As he explained in an interview:

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: In December 2017, Russia and OPEC agreed to extend the production cut of 1.8 mbpd until the end of 2018.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: Qatar announced it would withdraw from OPEC effective 1 January 2019. According to the "New York Times", this was a strategic response to the Qatar diplomatic crisis which Qatar was involved with Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: On 29 June 2019, Russia again agreed with Saudi Arabia to extend by six to nine months the original production cuts of 2018.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: In October 2019, Ecuador announced it would withdraw from OPEC on 1 January 2020 due to financial problems facing the country.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: In December 2019, OPEC and Russia agreed one of the deepest output cuts so far to prevent oversupply in a deal that will last for the first three months of 2020.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: In April 2020, OPEC and a group of other oil producers, including Russia, agreed to extend production cuts until the end of July. The cartel and its allies agreed to cut oil production in May and June by 9.7 million barrels a day, equal to around 10% of global output, in an effort to prop up prices, which had previously fallen to record lows.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: As of January 2020, OPEC has 13 member countries: five in the Middle East (Western Asia), seven in Africa, and one in South America. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), OPEC's combined rate of oil production (including gas condensate) represented 44% of the world's total in 2016, and OPEC accounted for 81.5% of the world's "proven" oil reserves.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: Approval of a new member country requires agreement by three-quarters of OPEC's existing members, including all five of the founders. In October 2015, Sudan formally submitted an application to join, but it is not yet a member.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: In May 2008, Indonesia announced that it would leave OPEC when its membership expired at the end of that year, having become a net importer of oil and being unable to meet its production quota. It rejoined the organization in January 2016, but announced another "temporary suspension" of its membership at year-end when OPEC requested a 5% production cut.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: Qatar left OPEC on 1 January 2019, after joining the organization in 1961, to focus on natural gas production, of which it is the world's largest exporter in the form of liquified natural gas (LNG).

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: Some commentators consider the United States to have been a de facto member of OPEC during its formal occupation of Iraq, due to its leadership of the Coalition Provisional Authority, which governed the country in 2003–2004. However, no U.S. representative attended OPEC meetings during this period in an official capacity.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: Since the 1980s, representatives from Egypt, Mexico, Norway, Oman, Russia, and other oil-exporting nations have attended many OPEC meetings as observers. This arrangement serves as an informal mechanism for coordinating policies.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: A number of non-OPEC member countries also participate in the organisation's initiatives such as voluntary supply cuts in order to further bind policy objectives between OPEC and non-OPEC members. This loose grouping of countries, known as OPEC+, includes Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mexico, Oman, Philippines, Russia, Sudan and South Sudan.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: As one area in which OPEC members have been able to cooperate productively over the decades, the organization has significantly improved the quality and quantity of information available about the international oil market. This is especially helpful for a natural-resource industry whose smooth functioning requires months and years of careful planning.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: In April 2001, OPEC collaborated with five other international organizations (APEC, Eurostat, IEA, , UNSD) to improve the availability and reliability of oil data. They launched the Joint Oil Data Exercise, which in 2005 was joined by IEF and renamed the Joint Organisations Data Initiative (JODI), covering more than 90% of the global oil market. GECF joined as an eighth partner in 2014, enabling JODI also to cover nearly 90% of the global market for natural gas.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: Since 2007, OPEC has published the "World Oil Outlook" (WOO) annually, in which it presents a comprehensive analysis of the global oil industry including medium- and long-term projections for supply and demand. OPEC also produces an "Annual Statistical Bulletin" (ASB), and publishes more-frequent updates in its "Monthly Oil Market Report" (MOMR) and "OPEC Bulletin".

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: A "crude oil benchmark" is a standardized petroleum product that serves as a convenient reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil, including standardized contracts in major futures markets since 1983. Benchmarks are used because oil prices differ (usually by a few dollars per barrel) based on variety, grade, delivery date and location, and other legal requirements.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: The OPEC Reference Basket of Crudes has been an important benchmark for oil prices since 2000. It is calculated as a weighted average of prices for petroleum blends from the OPEC member countries: Saharan Blend (Algeria), Girassol (Angola), Djeno (Republic of the Congo) Rabi Light (Gabon), Iran Heavy (Islamic Republic of Iran), Basra Light (Iraq), Kuwait Export (Kuwait), Es Sider (Libya), Bonny Light (Nigeria), Arab Light (Saudi Arabia), Murban (UAE), and Merey (Venezuela).

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: North Sea Brent Crude Oil is the leading benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils, and is used to price approximately two-thirds of the world's traded crude oil. Other well-known benchmarks are West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Dubai Crude, Oman Crude, and Urals oil.

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: The US Energy Information Administration, the statistical arm of the US Department of Energy, defines spare capacity for crude oil market management "as the volume of production that can be brought on within 30 days and sustained for at least 90 days ... OPEC spare capacity provides an indicator of the world oil market's ability to respond to potential crises that reduce oil supplies."

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


OPEC

Context: In November 2014, the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated that OPEC's "effective" spare capacity, adjusted for ongoing disruptions in countries like Libya and Nigeria, was and that this number would increase to a peak in 2017 of . By November 2015, the IEA changed its assessment "with OPEC's spare production buffer stretched thin, as Saudi Arabia – which holds the lion's share of excess capacity – and its [Persian] Gulf neighbours pump at near-record rates."

Question: متى انضمت ايران الى منظمة (الأوبك)؟


STEREO

Context: Contact with STEREO-B was lost in 2014 after entering an uncontrolled spin preventing its solar panels from generating enough power, but STEREO-A is still operational.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: Even as the angle increases, the addition of an Earth-based view, e.g., from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, still provided full-Sun observations for several years. In 2015, contact was lost for several months when the STEREO spacecraft passed behind the Sun. They then started to approach Earth again, with closest approach sometime in 2023. They will not be recaptured into Earth orbit.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: NASA used its Deep Space Network, first weekly and later monthly, to try to re-establish communications.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: After a silence of 22 months, contact was regained at 22:27 UTC on August 21, 2016, when the Deep Space Network established a lock on STEREO-B for 2.4 hours.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: Engineers planned to work and develop software to fix the spacecraft, but once its computer was powered up, there would only have been about 2 minutes to upload the fix before STEREO-B entered failure mode again. Further, while the spacecraft was power-positive at the time of contact, its orientation would drift, and power levels fall. Two-way communication was achieved, and commands to begin recovering the spacecraft were sent through the rest of August and September.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: Six attempts at communication between September 27 and October 9, 2016, failed, and a carrier wave was not detected after September 23. Engineers determined that during an attempt to despin the spacecraft, a frozen thruster fuel valve probably led to the spin increasing rather than decreasing. As STEREO-B moved along its orbit, it was hoped that its solar panels may again generate enough power to charge the battery.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: Four years after the initial loss of contact, NASA terminated periodic recovery operations effective October 17, 2018.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: STEREO program scientist Madhulika Guhathakurta expected "great advances" in theoretical solar physics and space weather forecasting with the advent of constant 360° views of the Sun. STEREO's observations are incorporated into forecasts of solar activity for airlines, power companies, satellite operators, and others.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: STEREO has also been used to discover 122 eclipsing binaries and study hundreds more variable stars. STEREO can look at the same star for up to 20 days.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: On July 23, 2012, STEREO-A was in the path of the CME of the solar storm of 2012. This CME, if it were to collide with Earth's magnetosphere, is estimated to have caused a geomagnetic storm of similar strength to the Carrington Event, the most intense geomagnetic storm in recorded history. STEREO-A's instrumentation was able to collect and relay a significant amount of data about the event without being harmed.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: Each of the spacecraft carries cameras, particle experiments and radio detectors in four instrument packages:

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: Each STEREO spacecraft had a dry mass of and a launch mass of . In their stowed configuration, each had a length, width and height of . Upon solar-array deployment, its width increased to . With all of its instrument booms and antennae deployed, its dimensions are . The solar panels can produce an average of 596 watts of power, and the spacecraft consumes an average of 475 watts.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: The STEREO spacecraft are 3-axis-stabilized, and each has a primary and backup miniature inertial measurement unit (MIMU) provided by Honeywell. These measure changes to a spacecraft's attitude, and each MIMU contains three ring laser gyroscopes to detect angular changes. Additional attitude information is provided by the star tracker and the SECCHI Guide Telescope.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: STEREO also carries Actel FPGAs that use triple modular redundancy for radiation hardening. The FPGAs hold the P24 MISC and CPU24 soft microprocessors.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


STEREO

Context: For data storage, each spacecraft carries a solid-state recorder able to store up to 1 gigabyte each. Its main processor collects and stores on the recorder images and other data from STEREO's instruments, which can then be sent back to Earth. The spacecraft have an X-band downlink capacity of between 427 and 750 kbit/s.

Question: متى تم إطلاق مسبار ستيريو آي الفضائي ؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: His film roles include Jay Porter in "...And Justice for All" (1979), Jinx Latham in "Mr. Mom" (1983), Sully in "There's Something About Mary" (1998), Mayor Augustus Maywho in "How the Grinch Stole Christmas" (2000), Tom Manning in "Hellboy" (2004) and its sequel "" (2008), Sid Garner in "The Hangover" trilogy (2009–2013), Francis Silverberg in "The Accountant" (2016), and Georgy Malenkov in "The Death of Stalin" (2017).

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: Tambor has done voice acting for "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie" (2004), "Monsters vs. Aliens" (2009), "Tangled" (2010), and "Trolls" (2016). For his voice role in "The Lionhearts" (1998), he was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award. From 2002 to 2003, he was an announcer for "Hollywood Squares".

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: Tambor was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Eileen (born Salzberg), a homemaker, and Bernard Tambor, a flooring contractor. He grew up in a Conservative Jewish family with roots in Hungary and Ukraine. Tambor is a graduate of Abraham Lincoln High School and San Francisco State University, where he studied acting and then went on to receive a master's degree from Wayne State University.

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: Tambor played Hank Kingsley, the narcissistic sidekick of fictional talk show host Larry Sanders on "The Larry Sanders Show". Tambor received four Emmy nominations for his performance on the show—all of which he would lose, to Michael Richards for "Seinfeld", David Hyde Pierce for "Frasier", and his co-star Rip Torn. The character’s famous catch phrase was "Hey Now!".

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: Beginning in 2003, Tambor starred in the television comedy "Arrested Development" as George Bluth, Sr. and in some episodes as his twin brother Oscar Bluth. The show was cancelled in 2006, after three seasons, but a fourth season was released on Netflix in 2013.

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: In 2004, Tambor received his fifth Emmy nomination for his work on the show. He lost to David Hyde Pierce for the final season of the sitcom "Frasier". Tambor was nominated for a sixth time in 2005 but lost to Brad Garrett for the final season of "Everybody Loves Raymond". The second episode of "Arrested Development"'s third season lampooned this loss: Tambor's character's son describes his acting ability by saying, "It's a wonderful performance, Dad. You're a regular Brad Garrett."

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: Tambor served as the announcer (and occasional square) for the game show "Hollywood Squares" in 2002 and 2003. He was the voice of King Neptune in 2004's "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie". In the spring of 2005, he starred as George Aaronow in the Broadway revival of "Glengarry Glen Ross".

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: For several years, based on his availability, Tambor has taught a class for actors. He was a longtime teaching associate of acting coach Milton Katselas.

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: In 2009, Tambor appeared in the animated film "Monsters vs. Aliens" and in the comedy "The Hangover". In 2009, Tambor began playing the recurring character Len Trexler in the sardonic comedy "Archer", an animated television series on the FX network. He is a major love interest to Malory Archer played by Jessica Walter – the two formerly playing husband and wife in "Arrested Development".

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: Tambor replaced Kelsey Grammer as Georges in the Broadway revival of the musical "La Cage aux Folles" on February 15, 2011, but withdrew from the production after the February 24 performance. Also in 2011, Tambor starred in an indie comedy, "Lucky". That same year, he had a minor role in the film "Paul" with Simon Pegg and Nick Frost, reprised his "Hangover" role for its sequel, and was featured in "Flypaper", with Patrick Dempsey and Ashley Judd.

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: In 2012, Tambor co-starred as Walt, Pete's aspiring musician father on the sitcom "Bent" starring Amanda Peet and David Walton. In May 2013 he returned to "Arrested Development" for season 4 and subsequently, season 5 in 2018–2019.

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: For the show's second season, Tambor again received positive reviews, as well as a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy, and wins for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series and the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Comedy Series.

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: Following allegations of sexual harassment, Tambor said he would not return for the show's fifth season, which was later confirmed on February 15, 2018, when Amazon confirmed to "Deadline" that Tambor was not coming back and that the harassment investigation was recently concluded.

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: Tambor and his wife Kasia have a son Gabriel Kasper, younger daughter Eve Julia, and twin sons Hugo Bernard and Eli Nicholas, born on October 4, 2009. He has an adult daughter from an earlier relationship.

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Jeffrey Tambor

Context: In 2007, Tambor was reported to be a Scientologist. However, in February 2008, he expressed concern about "Internet reports" about his alleged involvement with Scientology and stated that he "took some Scientology classes at one time, studied Scientology for a while, but no more. I have nothing against it, but I am no longer a Scientologist."

Question: متى ولد الممثل جيفري تامبور؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: Feed manufacturing refers to the process of producing animal feed from raw agricultural products. Fodder produced by manufacturing is formulated to meet specific animal nutrition requirements for different species of animals at different life stages. According to the American Feed Industry Association (AFIA), there are four basic steps:

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: The FDA regulates human food and animal feed for poultry, livestock, swine, and fish. Additionally, the FDA regulates pet food, which they estimate feeds over 177 million dogs, cats, and horses in America. Similar to human foods, animal feeds must be unadulterated and wholesome, prepared under good sanitary conditions, and truthfully be labeled to provide the required information to the consumer.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: A 2007 study highlighted the recent trends in the use of DDGS, as many producers are including 20% DDGS in diets of swine in all categories. Although 20% is the recommended level of inclusion, some producers are successfully using greater inclusion rates. Inclusion rate of up to 35% DDGS has been used in diets fed to nursery pigs and finishing pigs.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: reported that the easiest and most popular way to feed birds is to use pelleted feeds. Aside from the convenience to the farmer, pelleted feeds enable the bird to eat more at a time. In addition, some researchers also found improvement of feed conversion, decreased feed wastage, improved palatability and destruction of pathogens when birds were fed with pellet feed as compared to birds fed with mash feed.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: Commercial manufacturing of pelleted feed usually involves a series of major processes including grinding, mixing and pelleting. The produced pellets are then tested as to pellet durability index (PDI) to determine quality. To enhance good health and growth, antibiotics are often added to the pelleted feed.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: All of this data shows that both fine and coarse particle sizes do have different functions in poultry feed. Appropriate proportions of these two ingredients must be used with respect to the live performance of the broilers. compared the performance of non-pelleted feed to pellets with fine particles and found that the addition of coarse particles improved feed conversion and body weight. Similar results were also obtained by other researchers like and .

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: Livestock includes beef cattle, dairy cattle, horses, goats, sheep and llamas. There is no specific requirement of feed intake for each livestock because their feed continuously varies based on the animals' age, sex, breed, environment, etc. However, basic nutrient requirements of a livestock's feed must consist of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: The suggested that the crude protein required in livestock feed should be less than 7%. Lactating ruminants, especially dairy cattle require the highest amount of protein, especially for milk synthesis. Minerals including calcium, phosphorus and selenium are required by livestock for maintaining growth, reproduction and bone health.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: Like other animals, livestock also require appropriate proportions of fine and coarse particles in their feed. Theoretically, finer particles will be easier to digest in the rumen, however the presence of coarse particles might increase the amount of starch entering the small intestine, thus increasing energetic efficiency.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: reported that milk performance was significantly better when the cattle were fed with ground corn. Aldrich compared the digestibility of various corn particle sizes and distribution and concluded that to have 80% digestibility, a particle size of 0.5 mm should be used (for 16 hr incubation).

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: A research team from the University of Maryland and the USDA studied the development, fermentation in rumen and starch digestion sites in dairy cow feeding on corn grain from different harvests and differently processing, and concluded that digestion, metabolism and heat energy were higher for high moisture corn compared to dry corn. Grinding increased DMI and resulted in increased yields of milk, protein, lactose and non-fat solids.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: Corn, sorghum, wheat and barley are the most used cereals in the preparation of feed for the livestock, poultry, swine, and fish industry. Roller and hammer mills are the two types of processing equipment generally used to grind grains into smaller particle sizes.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Feed manufacturing

Context: According to , GMD and GSD are accurate descriptors of particle size distribution when the particle size distribution is expressed as log data, and are distributed log normally. Studies have shown that grinding different grains with the same mill under similar conditions results in products with different particle sizes. The hardness of a grain sample is related to the percentage of fine particles obtained after grinding, with a higher percentage of fine particles from lower hardness grains.

Question: مما يصنع العلف ؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: In the United States, term limits, also referred to as "rotation in office", restrict the number of terms of office an officeholder may serve. At the federal level, the 22nd Amendment to the United States Constitution limits the president of the United States to two four-year terms. State government offices in some, but not all, states are term-limited, including executive, legislative, and judicial offices.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: The Articles of Confederation, adopted in 1781, established term limits for the delegates to the Continental Congress, mandating in Article V that "no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years."

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: says George Washington did not set the informal precedent for a two-term limit for the Presidency. He only meant he was too worn out to personally continue in office. It was Thomas Jefferson who made it a principle in 1808. He made many statements calling for term limits in one form or another.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: The fact that "perpetuity in office" was not approached until the 20th century is due in part to the influence of rotation in office as a popular 19th-century concept. "Ideas are, in truth, forces", and rotation in office enjoyed such normative support, especially at the local level, that it altered political reality.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: During the US Civil War, the Constitution of the Confederate States limited its president to a single six-year term. Only Jefferson Davis served as Confederate President, and he did not complete a full term in office before surrendering to the Union.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: The practice of nomination rotation for the House of Representatives began to decline after the Civil War. It took a generation or so before the direct primary system, civil service reforms, and the ethic of professionalism worked to eliminate rotation in office as a common political practice. By the turn of the 20th century the era of incumbency was coming into full swing.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: A total of 8 presidents served two full terms and declined a third and three presidents served one full term and refused a second. After World War II, however, an officeholder class had developed to the point that congressional tenure rivaled that of the U.S. Supreme Court, where tenure is for life.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: A movement in favor of term limits took hold in the early 1990s, and reached its apex in 1992-94, a period when 17 states enacted term limits through state legislation or state constitutional amendments.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Many of the laws enacted limited terms for both the state legislature and in the state's delegation to Congress; as they pertain to Congress, these laws were struck down as unconstitutional by U.S. Supreme Court in "U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton" (1995), in which the court ruled, on a 5–4 vote, that state governments cannot limit the terms of members of the national government.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Where rotation in the legislative branch has withstood court challenges, term limits continue to garner popular support. As of 2002, the advocacy group "U.S. Term Limits" found that in the 17 states where state legislators served in rotation, public support for term limits ranged from 60 to 78 percent.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: As of 2013, term limits at the federal level are restricted to the executive branch and some agencies. Judicial appointments at the federal level are made for life, and are not subject to election or to term limits. The U.S. Congress remains (since the Thornton decision of 1995) without electoral limits.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Defeated in Congress and overridden by the Supreme Court, the federal term limit movement was brought to a halt. The term limits intended simultaneously to reform state legislatures (as distinguished from the federal congressional delegations) remain in force, however, in fifteen states.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: In 2007 Larry J. Sabato revived the debate over term limits by arguing in "A More Perfect Constitution" that the success and popularity of term limits at the state level suggests that they should be adopted at the federal level as well. He specifically put forth the idea of congressional term limits and suggested a national constitutional convention be used to accomplish the amendment, since the Congress would be unlikely to propose and adopt any amendment that limits its own power.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Some state legislators have also expressed their opinions on term limits. It is confirmed that in the following five states—and there may be others—state lawmakers approved resolutions asking Congress to propose a federal constitutional amendment to limit the number of terms which members of Congress may serve:

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Some state lawmakers have officially expressed to Congress a desire for a federal constitutional amendment to limit terms of Supreme Court justices as well as of judges of federal courts below the Supreme Court level. While there might be others, below are three known examples:

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Term limits for state officials have existed since colonial times. The Pennsylvania Charter of Liberties of 1682, and the colonial frame of government of the same year, both authored by William Penn, provided for triennial rotation of the provincial council—the upper house of the colonial legislature. The Delaware Constitution of 1776 limited the governor to a single three-year term; currently, the governor of Delaware can serve two four-year terms.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Uniquely, Virginia prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms, although former governors are eligible to serve again as governor after a specified period (currently, four years) out of office. Several other states formerly had this "no succession" rule (which was part of Virginia's original constitution in 1776), but all have eliminated the prohibition except Virginia by 2000 (including Mississippi, which repealed it in 1986, and Kentucky, which repealed it in 1992).

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: The governors of the following states and territories are limited to two consecutive terms, but are eligible to run again after four years out of office: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, West Virginia, American Samoa, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Equivalently, the Governors of Indiana and Oregon are limited to serving 8 out of any 12 years. Conversely, the Governors of Montana and Wyoming are limited to two terms, serving 8 out of any 16 years.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Finally, the governors of the following states and territory are limited to two terms for life during a person’s lifetime period: Arkansas, California, Delaware, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Oklahoma. Former Governor of California Jerry Brown, however, served four non-consecutive terms because his first two terms were before limits were passed in California, and the limits did not apply to individuals' prior terms.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: The governors of New Hampshire and Vermont may serve unlimited two-year terms. The governors (or equivalent) in the following states, district, and territory may serve unlimited four-year terms: Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, North Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The Governor of Utah was previously limited to serving three terms, but all term limit laws have since been repealed by the legislature.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Fifteen state legislatures currently have term limits. The earliest state legislative term limit was enacted in 1990, and the most recent was enacted in 2000; term limits only went into effect years after they were enacted.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: A two-term limit was imposed on New York City Council members and citywide elected officials (except for district attorneys) in New York City after a 1993 referendum (see the Charter of the City of New York, § 1138). On November 3, 2008, however, when Michael Bloomberg was in his second term of mayor, the City Council approved the extension of the two-term limit to a three-term limit; one year later, he was elected to a third term. The two-term limit was reinstated after a referendum in 2010.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Research shows that legislative term limits increase legislative polarization, reduce the legislative skills of politicians, reduce the legislative productivity of politicians, weaken legislatures vis-à-vis the executive, and reduce voter turnout. Parties respond to the implementation of term limits by recruiting candidates for office on more partisan lines. States that implement term limits in the state legislatures are associated with also developing more powerful House speakers.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Term limits in the United States

Context: Term limits have not reduced campaign spending, reduced the gender gap in political representation, increased the diversity of law-makers, or increased the constituent service activities of law-makers. Term limits have been linked to lower growth in revenues and expenditures.

Question: هل سبق وحكم أي رئيس الأمريكي الولايات المتحدة لأكثر من ولايتين؟


Yemen national football team

Context: The Yemen national football team (), is the national team of Yemen and is controlled by the Yemen Football Association.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: When the nation was split into North Yemen and South Yemen before 1990, two national teams existed. After unification, the Yemen national football team is considered the successor of the North Yemen national football team. See the article "South Yemen national football team" for details on the South Yemen team.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: Despite being the 5th most populated country in the Middle East, and Yemen's successes at the Youth teams such as the U23, U20 and U17 Yemen, so far, Yemen has never achieved the same success as those with smaller populations like the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Syria, Jordan and Oman.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: North Yemen debuted at the 1965 Pan Arab Games in Cairo, Egypt in August 1965. It lost the first game 9–0 to Sudan, then lost 16–1 to Libya. After losing 4–0 to Syria, North Yemen won for the first time by defeating Oman 2–1 in the last game in the group. North Yemen did not advance.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: In April 1966, the team entered the 1966 Arab Cup in Baghdad, Iraq. It was placed in Group 2. North Yemen lost its first match 4–1 to Syria on 1 April, and then 7–0 to Palestine three days later. On 5 April, they lost their last match 13–0 to Libya, and were eliminated, finishing bottom of the group.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: Also in 1966, North Yemen entered the Games of the Emerging Forces in Cambodia. They lost their opener 5–3 against Palestine. The remaining games in their group were lost 8–0 to the hosts Cambodia, 9–0 to North Vietnam, 14–0 to North Korea and 6–0 to China.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: In August 1985, North Yemen competed at the 1985 Pan Arab Games in Rabat, Morocco and was placed in a group with Saudi Arabia, Algeria and the United Arab Emirates. They lost 2–0 to the Saudis on 5 August, 3–1 to Algeria on 7 August, and then, on 9 August, beat the UAE 2–1 for their first ever victory.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: On 15 October 1985, North Yemen played opposition from outside Asia and Africa for the first time, losing a friendly 2–0 to Mexico at home. The game against Mexico was regarded historic, as Mexico was host of the 1986 FIFA World Cup.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: In the 1990, the North and South of Yemen re-united which prompted what is now the national team of Yemen to be merged from North Yemen. Their first international game, as a unified country, was a 1–0 win against Malaysia on 8 September 1990 in Kuala Lumpur.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: Upon being a new country, they entered the footballing world with a different viewpoint. Their captains alternated between matches to promote a "unified" Yemen. Due to the ongoing political conflict in Yemen, many sought football as an escape.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: Starting in 1993, their first big task would be the qualification to the 1994 FIFA World Cup, because they did not enter the AFC Asian Cup in 1992, nor the Arab Cup. Yemen lost three games, against China once, and Iraq twice. They drew with Jordan twice, and won against China and Pakistan. This placed them third, five points from Iraq who were first, and ultimately ended their first ever World Cup qualification campaign.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: The qualification campaign for the 1996 Asian Cup saw them get thrashed by Saudi Arabia as they lost 4–0 in the first leg, but put a fight in the second leg as they lost 1–0. Despite finishing last, on points with Kyrgyzstan, Yemen's only redeeming event was the narrow 1–0 win against Kyrgyzstan, despite getting beat 3–1 in the return leg.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: However, for the Yemenis, disappointment would strike as they bombed their next big competition, the 2002 Arab Cup. This would be their first appearance since 1966 when they played as North Yemen, in which they also failed losing all three games and having a goal difference of −23. In 2012, it would be a different story as they drew 2–2 with Asian powerhouse Saudi Arabia but losing to Lebanon 4–2, Bahrain 3–1 and Syria 0–4.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: The qualification for the 2004 AFC Asian Cup would arrive as the next test for Yemen. The Yemenis would soon discover that this qualification was going better than expected. However, as fate would have it, the Yemenis were left stranded on the cusp of qualification as they were beat to the last spot by Indonesia by 3 points, despite them having a worse goal difference.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: Yemen would next look towards the qualification campaign of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. But the Yemenis would soon end it on a short note, as they finished bottom of the group with 5 points under Thailand, United Arab Emirates and North Korea (who won the group with 11 points) and one win, two draws and three losses.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: A short time later would find the Yemenis preparing for the 18th Arabian Gulf Cup. Despite, as expected, finishing the group last, they finished with two losses against United Arab Emirates and Oman and the lone draw to Kuwait. However, the Yemenis would exit proudly because they did not receive the thrashing many were expecting and lost due to a 1-goal margin with the winning goals coming the second half.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: Months later would see Yemen enter the qualification campaign of the 2007 AFC Asian Cup and were knocked out, once again, with mixed results. While Japan and Saudi Arabia qualified comfortably, Yemen achieved their only two wins against India. However, their losses to Japan were minimal as both goals (consolation and winning) came in stoppage time.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: Yemen started off the new year by hosting the 20th Arabian Gulf Cup for the first time. As hosts, they played in the May 22 Stadium in Aden against Saudi Arabia and lost 0–4. Yemen would go on and lose 2–1 and 0–3 to Qatar and Kuwait respectively thus crashing out of the group stages only scoring one goal while conceding nine.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: The qualification campaign for the 2011 Asian Cup was acceptable for Yemeni' standards. Despite being grouped with Japan and Bahrain, and Hong Kong, they achieved two wins, one draw and three losses. They opened with a surprise narrow-defeat of 2–1 to Japan and finished with the surprise of, once again, holding Japan to the last minute for a 3–2 defeat.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: Ten years later of their last participation, they entered the 2012 Arab Cup where they were grouped with Morocco, Bahrain and Libya. To the bewilderment of many football experts, Bahrain finished last with Yemen finishing third with three points.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: However, in 2013, Yemen would participate in the 21st Arabian Gulf Cup, and they would record their worst run in the tournament where they were grouped with Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. They didn't record any goal and conceded six goals losing all three games.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


Yemen national football team

Context: As recent record showed, the Yemenis finished with their worst World Cup qualification campaign for the 2014 World Cup. They faced Iraq which they lost 2–0. The return leg was played in the United Arab Emirates due to the civil unrest in Yemen. This match saw Yemen and Iraq play out to a draw which ended Iraq going through 2–0 on aggregate and thus knocking Yemen out in the knock-out stages.

Question: متى شاركت  اليمن في كأس آسيا  لكرة القدم أول مرة ؟


First Zionist Congress

Context: The conference was covered by the international press, making a significant impression; the publicity subsequently inspired the antisemitic forgery "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion".

Question: متى تم انعقاد المؤتمر الصهيوني الثاني؟


First Zionist Congress

Context: Herzl was elected President of the Congress, with Max Nordau, and Samuel Pineles elected first, second and third Vice Presidents respectively.

Question: متى تم انعقاد المؤتمر الصهيوني الثاني؟


First Zionist Congress

Context: Following a festive opening in which the representatives arrived in formal dress, tails and white tie, the Congress moved to the agenda. The principal items on the agenda were the presentation of Herzl's plans, the establishment of the Zionist Organization and the declaration of Zionism's goals-the Basel program.

Question: متى تم انعقاد المؤتمر الصهيوني الثاني؟


First Zionist Congress

Context: In addition, it was agreed that one representative was to be appointed for each of Britain, America and Palestine. This was proposed to take place later at publicly convened assemblies.

Question: متى تم انعقاد المؤتمر الصهيوني الثاني؟


First Zionist Congress

Context: The program, which came to be known as the Basel Program, set out the goals of the Zionist movement. It was adopted on the following terms:

Question: متى تم انعقاد المؤتمر الصهيوني الثاني؟


First Zionist Congress

Context: According to Israel Zangwill it was Max Nordau who came up with the phrase "a publicly and legally assured home" to avoid antagonising the Sultan "too deeply".

Question: متى تم انعقاد المؤتمر الصهيوني الثاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the Lords Spiritual, consisting of the most senior bishops of the Church of England; and the Lords Temporal, consisting mainly of life peers, appointed by the sovereign, and of 92 hereditary peers, sitting either by virtue of holding a royal office, or by being elected by their fellow hereditary peers. Prior to the opening of the Supreme Court in October 2009, the House of Lords also performed a judicial role through the Law Lords.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The House of Commons is an elected chamber with elections to 650 single-member constituencies held at least every five years under the first-past-the-post system. By constitutional convention, all government ministers, including prime minister, are members of the House of Commons or, less commonly, the House of Lords and are thereby accountable to the respective branches of the legislature. Most cabinet ministers are from the Commons, whilst junior ministers can be from either house.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: With the global expansion of the British Empire, the UK Parliament has shaped the political systems of many countries as ex-colonies and so it has been called the "Mother of Parliaments".

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: In theory, the UK's supreme legislative power is officially vested in the Crown-in-Parliament. However, the Crown normally acts on the advice of the prime minister, and the powers of the House of Lords are limited to only delaying legislation; thus power is "de facto" vested in the House of Commons.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Many small constituencies, known as pocket or rotten boroughs, were controlled by members of the House of Lords, who could ensure the election of their relatives or supporters. During the reforms of the 19th century, beginning with the Reform Act 1832, the electoral system for the House of Commons was progressively regularised. No longer dependent on the Lords for their seats, MPs grew more assertive.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The supremacy of the British House of Commons was reaffirmed in the early 20th century. In 1909, the Commons passed the so-called "People's Budget," which made numerous changes to the taxation system which were detrimental to wealthy landowners. The House of Lords, which consisted mostly of powerful landowners, rejected the Budget. On the basis of the Budget's popularity and the Lords' consequent unpopularity, the Liberal Party narrowly won two general elections in 1910.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The Parliament Act 1911, as it became, prevented the Lords from blocking a money bill (a bill dealing with taxation), and allowed them to delay any other bill for a maximum of three sessions (reduced to two sessions in 1949), after which it could become law over their objections. However, regardless of the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949, the House of Lords has always retained the unrestricted power to veto any bill outright which attempts to extend the life of a parliament.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The Government of Ireland Act 1920 created the parliaments of Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland and reduced the representation of both parts at Westminster. The number of Northern Ireland seats was increased again after the introduction of direct rule in 1973. The Irish Free State became independent in 1922, and in 1927 parliament was renamed the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Further reforms to the House of Lords were made in the 20th century. The Life Peerages Act 1958 authorised the regular creation of life peerage dignities. By the 1960s, the regular creation of hereditary peerage dignities had ceased; thereafter, almost all new peers were life peers only.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The House of Lords is known formally as, "The Right Honourable The Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament Assembled," the Lords Spiritual being bishops of the Church of England and the Lords Temporal being Peers of the Realm. The Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are considered separate "estates," but they sit, debate and vote together.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The State Opening of Parliament is an annual event that marks the commencement of a session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is held in the House of Lords Chamber. Before 2012, it took place in November or December, or, in a general election year, when the new Parliament first assembled. From 2012 onwards, the ceremony has taken place in May or June.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The monarch reads a speech, known as the Speech from the Throne, which is prepared by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, outlining the Government's agenda for the coming year. The speech reflects the legislative agenda for which the Government intends to seek the agreement of both Houses of Parliament.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: After the monarch leaves, each Chamber proceeds to the consideration of an "Address in Reply to Her Majesty's Gracious Speech." But, first, each House considers a bill "pro forma" to symbolise their right to deliberate independently of the monarch. In the House of Lords, the bill is called the Select Vestries Bill, while the Commons equivalent is the Outlawries Bill. The Bills are considered for the sake of form only, and do not make any actual progress.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Both houses of the British Parliament are presided over by a speaker, the Speaker of the House for the Commons and the Lord Speaker in the House of Lords.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: For the Commons, the approval of the Sovereign is theoretically required before the election of the Speaker becomes valid, but it is, by modern convention, always granted. The Speaker's place may be taken by the Chairman of Ways and Means, the First Deputy Chairman, or the Second Deputy Chairman. (The titles of those three officials refer to the Committee of Ways and Means, a body which no longer exists.)

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Both Houses normally conduct their business in public, and there are galleries where visitors may sit.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: After each Parliament concludes, the Crown issues writs to hold a general election and elect new members of the House of Commons, though membership of the House of Lords does not change.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Laws can be made by Acts of the United Kingdom Parliament. While Acts can apply to the whole of the United Kingdom including Scotland, due to the continuing separation of Scots law many Acts do not apply to Scotland and may be matched either by equivalent Acts that apply to Scotland alone or, since 1999, by legislation set by the Scottish Parliament relating to devolved matters.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Governments have a tendency to dominate the legislative functions of Parliament, by using their in-built majority in the House of Commons, and sometimes using their patronage power to appoint supportive peers in the Lords. In practice, governments can pass any legislation (within reason) in the Commons they wish, unless there is major dissent by MPs in the governing party.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: But even in these situations, it is highly unlikely a bill will be defeated, though dissenting MPs may be able to extract concessions from the government. In 1976, Quintin Hogg, Lord Hailsham of St Marylebone created a now widely used name for this behaviour, in an academic paper called "elective dictatorship."

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Parliament controls the executive by passing or rejecting its Bills and by forcing Ministers of the Crown to answer for their actions, either at "Question Time" or during meetings of the parliamentary committees. In both cases, Ministers are asked questions by members of their Houses, and are obliged to answer.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Many votes are considered votes of confidence, although not including the language mentioned above. Important bills that form part of the Government's agenda (as stated in the Speech from the Throne) are generally considered matters of confidence. The defeat of such a bill by the House of Commons indicates that a Government no longer has the confidence of that House. The same effect is achieved if the House of Commons "withdraws Supply," that is, rejects the budget.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Several different views have been taken of Parliament's sovereignty. According to the jurist Sir William Blackstone, "It has sovereign and uncontrollable authority in making, confirming, enlarging, restraining, abrogating, repealing, reviving, and expounding of laws, concerning matters of all possible denominations, ecclesiastical, or temporal, civil, military, maritime, or criminal… it can, in short, do every thing that is not naturally impossible."

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Parliament's power has often been eroded by its own Acts. Acts passed in 1921 and 1925 granted the Church of Scotland complete independence in ecclesiastical matters. From 1973 to 2020, its power had been restricted by membership of the European Union, which has the power to make laws enforceable in each member state. In the Factortame case, the European Court of Justice ruled that British courts could have powers to overturn British legislation contravening European law.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: One well-recognised consequence of Parliament's sovereignty is that it cannot bind future Parliaments; that is, no Act of Parliament may be made secure from amendment or repeal by a future Parliament. For example, although the Act of Union 1800 states that the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland are to be united "forever," Parliament permitted southern Ireland to leave the United Kingdom in 1922.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Both Houses possess the power to punish breaches of their privilege. Contempt of Parliament—for example, disobedience of a subpoena issued by a committee—may also be punished. The House of Lords may imprison an individual for any fixed period of time, but an individual imprisoned by the House of Commons is set free upon prorogation. The punishments imposed by either House may not be challenged in any court, and the Human Rights Act does not apply.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: Until at least 2015, members of the House of Commons also had the privilege of a separate seating area in the Palace of Westminster canteen, protected by a false partition labelled "MPs only beyond this point," so that they did not have to sit with canteen staff taking a break. This provoked mockery from a newly elected 20-year-old MP who described it as "ridiculous" snobbery.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The quasi-official emblem of the Houses of Parliament is a crowned portcullis. The portcullis was originally the badge of various English noble families from the 14th century. It went on to be adopted by the kings of the Tudor dynasty in the 16th century, under whom the Palace of Westminster became the regular meeting place of Parliament. The crown was added to make the badge a specifically royal symbol.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The portcullis probably first came to be associated with the Palace of Westminster through its use as decoration in the rebuilding of the Palace after the fire of 1512. However, at the time it was only one of many symbols. The widespread use of the portcullis throughout the Palace dates from the 19th century, when Charles Barry and Augustus Pugin used it extensively as a decorative feature in their designs for the new Palace built following the disastrous 1834 fire.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Parliament of the United Kingdom

Context: The crowned portcullis came to be accepted during the 20th century as the emblem of both houses of parliament. This was simply a result of custom and usage rather than a specific decision. The emblem now appears on official stationery, publications and papers, and is stamped on various items in use in the Palace of Westminster, such as cutlery, silverware and china. Various shades of red and green are used for visual identification of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

Question: متى تأسس البرلمان البريطاني؟


Bob Dylan

Context: "Mixed-Up Confusion", recorded during the "Freewheelin"' sessions with a backing band, was released as Dylan's first single in December 1962, but then swiftly withdrawn. In contrast to the mostly solo acoustic performances on the album, the single showed a willingness to experiment with a rockabilly sound. Cameron Crowe described it as "a fascinating look at a folk artist with his mind wandering towards Elvis Presley and Sun Records".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In May 1963, Dylan's political profile rose when he walked out of "The Ed Sullivan Show". During rehearsals, Dylan had been told by CBS television's head of program practices that "Talkin' John Birch Paranoid Blues" was potentially libelous to the John Birch Society. Rather than comply with censorship, Dylan refused to appear.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: By the end of 1963, Dylan felt both manipulated and constrained by the folk and protest movements. Accepting the "Tom Paine Award" from the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee shortly after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, an intoxicated Dylan questioned the role of the committee, characterized the members as old and balding, and claimed to see something of himself and of every man in Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: The second side of "Bringing It All Back Home" contained four long songs on which Dylan accompanied himself on acoustic guitar and harmonica. "Mr. Tambourine Man" became one of his best-known songs when the Byrds recorded an electric version that reached number one in the US and UK. "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" and "It's Alright Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)" were two of Dylan's most important compositions.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In support of the album, Dylan was booked for two U.S. concerts with Al Kooper and Harvey Brooks from his studio crew and Robbie Robertson and Levon Helm, former members of Ronnie Hawkins's backing band the Hawks. On August 28 at Forest Hills Tennis Stadium, the group was heckled by an audience still annoyed by Dylan's electric sound. The band's reception on September 3 at the Hollywood Bowl was more favorable.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: On November 22, 1965, Dylan quietly married 25-year-old former model Sara Lownds. Some of Dylan's friends, including Ramblin' Jack Elliott, say that, immediately after the event, Dylan denied he was married. Journalist Nora Ephron made the news public in the "New York Post" in February 1966 with the headline "Hush! Bob Dylan is wed".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: During his 1966 tour, Dylan was described as exhausted and acting "as if on a death trip". D. A. Pennebaker, the filmmaker accompanying the tour, described Dylan as "taking a lot of amphetamine and who-knows-what-else". In a 1969 interview with Jann Wenner, Dylan said, "I was on the road for almost five years. It wore me down. I was on drugs, a lot of things ... just to keep going, you know?"

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Dylan's next release, "Nashville Skyline" (1969) featured Nashville musicians, a mellow-voiced Dylan, a duet with Johnny Cash, and the single "Lay Lady Lay". "Variety" wrote, "Dylan is definitely doing something that can be called singing. Somehow he has managed to add an octave to his range." During one recording session, Dylan and Cash recorded a series of duets but only their version of Dylan's "Girl from the North Country" was released on the album.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In May 1969, Dylan appeared on the first episode of Johnny Cash's television show and sang a duet with Cash of "Girl from the North Country", with solos of "Living the Blues" and "I Threw It All Away". Dylan next traveled to England to top the bill at the Isle of Wight festival on August 31, 1969, after rejecting overtures to appear at the Woodstock Festival closer to his home.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In 1972, Dylan signed to Sam Peckinpah's film "Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid", providing songs and backing music for the movie, and playing "Alias", a member of Billy's gang with some historical basis. Despite the film's failure at the box office, the song "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" became one of Dylan's most covered songs.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Also in 1972, Dylan protested the move to deport John Lennon and Yoko Ono, who had been convicted of possessing cannabis, by sending a letter to the U.S. Immigration Service, in part: "Hurray for John & Yoko. Let them stay and live here and breathe. The country's got plenty of room and space. Let John and Yoko stay!"

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: After the tour, Dylan and his wife became estranged. He filled three small notebooks with songs about relationships and ruptures, and recorded the album "Blood on the Tracks" in September 1974. Dylan delayed the album's release and re-recorded half the songs at Sound 80 Studios in Minneapolis with production assistance from his brother, David Zimmerman.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Running through late 1975 and again through early 1976, the tour encompassed the release of the album "Desire", with many of Dylan's new songs featuring a travelogue-like narrative style, showing the influence of his new collaborator, playwright Jacques Levy. The 1976 half of the tour was documented by a TV concert special, "Hard Rain", and the LP "Hard Rain".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: The 1975 tour with the Revue provided the backdrop to Dylan's nearly four-hour film "Renaldo and Clara", a sprawling narrative mixed with concert footage and reminiscences. Released in 1978, the movie received poor, sometimes scathing, reviews. Later in that year, a two-hour edit, dominated by the concert performances, was more widely released. More than forty years later, a documentary about the 1975 leg of the Rolling Thunder Revue, "" was released by Netflix on June 12, 2019.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In November 1976, Dylan appeared at the Band's "farewell" concert, with Eric Clapton, Joni Mitchell, Muddy Waters, Van Morrison and Neil Young. Martin Scorsese's 1978 cinematic chronicle of the concert, "The Last Waltz", included most of Dylan's set.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Dylan's Christianity was unpopular with some fans and musicians. John Lennon, shortly before being murdered, recorded "Serve Yourself" in response to Dylan's "Gotta Serve Somebody". By 1981, Stephen Holden wrote in "The New York Times" that "neither age (he's now 40) nor his much-publicized conversion to born-again Christianity has altered his essentially iconoclastic temperament".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In late 1980, Dylan briefly played concerts billed as "A Musical Retrospective", restoring popular 1960s songs to the repertoire. "Shot of Love", recorded early the next year, featured his first secular compositions in more than two years, mixed with Christian songs. The lyrics of "Every Grain of Sand" resemble the verse of William Blake.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Between July 1984 and March 1985, Dylan recorded "Empire Burlesque". Arthur Baker, who had remixed hits for Bruce Springsteen and Cyndi Lauper, was asked to engineer and mix the album. Baker said he felt he was hired to make Dylan's album sound "a little bit more contemporary".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In 1987, Dylan starred in Richard Marquand's movie "Hearts of Fire", in which he played Billy Parker, a washed-up rock star turned chicken farmer whose teenage lover (Fiona) leaves him for a jaded English synth-pop sensation played by Rupert Everett. Dylan also contributed two original songs to the soundtrack—"Night After Night", and "Had a Dream About You, Baby", as well as a cover of John Hiatt's "The Usual". The film was a critical and commercial flop.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Dylan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in January 1988, with Bruce Springsteen's introduction declaring, "Bob freed your mind the way Elvis freed your body. He showed us that just because music was innately physical did not mean that it was anti-intellectual".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In 1990 and 1991 Dylan was described by his biographers as drinking heavily, impairing his performances on stage. In an interview with "Rolling Stone", Dylan dismissed allegations that drinking was interfering with his music: "That's completely inaccurate. I can drink or not drink. I don't know why people would associate drinking with "anything" I do, really".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In September Dylan released the new Lanois-produced album, "Time Out of Mind". With its bitter assessment of love and morbid ruminations, Dylan's first collection of original songs in seven years was highly acclaimed. One critic wrote: "the songs themselves are uniformly powerful, adding up to Dylan's best overall collection in years". This collection of complex songs won him his first solo "Album of the Year" Grammy Award.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In December 1997, U.S. President Bill Clinton presented Dylan with a Kennedy Center Honor in the East Room of the White House, paying this tribute: "He probably had more impact on people of my generation than any other creative artist. His voice and lyrics haven't always been easy on the ear, but throughout his career Bob Dylan has never aimed to please. He's disturbed the peace and discomforted the powerful".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Dylan commenced the 2000s by winning the Polar Music Prize in May 2000 and his first Oscar; his song "Things Have Changed", written for the film "Wonder Boys", won an Academy Award for Best Song in 2001.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In 2003, Dylan revisited the evangelical songs from his Christian period and participated in the CD project "". That year Dylan also released the film "Masked & Anonymous", which he co-wrote with director Larry Charles under the alias Sergei Petrov. Dylan played the central character in the film, Jack Fate, alongside a cast that included Jeff Bridges, Penélope Cruz and John Goodman. The film polarised critics: many dismissed it as an "incoherent mess"; a few treated it as a serious work of art.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: In October 2004, Dylan published the first part of his autobiography, "Chronicles: Volume One". Confounding expectations, Dylan devoted three chapters to his first year in New York City in 1961–1962, virtually ignoring the mid-1960s when his fame was at its height. He also devoted chapters to the albums "New Morning" (1970) and "Oh Mercy" (1989). The book reached number two on "The New York Times"' Hardcover Non-Fiction best seller list in December 2004 and was nominated for a National Book Award.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Nominated for three Grammy Awards, "Modern Times" won Best Contemporary Folk/Americana Album and Bob Dylan also won Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for "Someday Baby". "Modern Times" was named Album of the Year, 2006, by "Rolling Stone" magazine, and by "Uncut" in the UK. On the same day that "Modern Times" was released the iTunes Music Store released "", a digital box set containing all of his albums (773 tracks in total), along with 42 rare and unreleased tracks.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: On May 29, 2012, U.S. President Barack Obama awarded Dylan a Presidential Medal of Freedom in the White House. At the ceremony, Obama praised Dylan's voice for its "unique gravelly power that redefined not just what music sounded like but the message it carried and how it made people feel".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Dylan appeared in a commercial for the Chrysler 200 car which was screened during the 2014 Super Bowl American football game played on February 2, 2014. At the end of the commercial, Dylan says: "So let Germany brew your beer, let Switzerland make your watch, let Asia assemble your phone. We will build your car". Dylan's Super Bowl commercial generated controversy and op-ed pieces discussing the protectionist implications of his words, and whether the singer had "sold out" to corporate interests.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: "Shadows In the Night" received favorable reviews, scoring 82 on the critical aggregator Metacritic, which indicates "universal acclaim". Critics praised the restrained instrumental backings and the quality of Dylan's singing. The album debuted at number one in the UK Albums Chart in its first week of release.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: The sale of Dylan's extensive archive of about 6,000 items of memorabilia to the George Kaiser Family Foundation and the University of Tulsa was announced on March 2, 2016. It was reported the sale price was "an estimated $15 million to $20 million". The archive comprises notebooks, drafts of Dylan lyrics, recordings, and correspondence. The archive will be housed at Helmerich Center for American Research, a facility at the Gilcrease Museum.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: A massive 36-CD collection, "The 1966 Live Recordings", including every known recording of Bob Dylan's 1966 concert tour was released in November 2016. The recordings commence with the concert in White Plains New York on February 5, 1966, and end with the Royal Albert Hall concert in London on May 27. "The New York Times" reported most of the concerts had "never been heard in any form", and described the set as "a monumental addition to the corpus".

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟


Bob Dylan

Context: Dylan made a contribution to the compilation EP "Universal Love", a collection of reimagined wedding songs for the LGBT community in April 2018. The album was funded by MGM Resorts International and the songs are intended to function as "wedding anthems for same-sex couples". Dylan recorded the 1929 song "She's Funny That Way", changing the gender pronoun to "He's Funny That Way". The song has previously been recorded by Billie Holiday and Frank Sinatra.

Question: هل سبق وحصل المغني الأمريكي  بوب ديلن على جائزة نوبل للآداب؟