Capital punishment in India

Context: This study by Project 39A, National Law University, Delhi contains findings from a study of all capital cases decided by trial courts of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra between 2000 and 2015. Analysing 215 judgments (43 from Delhi, 82 from Madhya Pradesh, and 90 from Maharashtra), the study demonstrates the normative and procedural gaps in death penalty sentencing framework that have been the legacy of the Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, May 1980  judgment.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Since 2016, Project 39A at the National Law University Delhi annually releases a death penalty statistics report. The report covers movements in the death row population in India as well as political and legal developments in the administration of the death penalty and the criminal justice system. The 162 death sentences imposed by trial courts in 2018 is the highest in a calendar year since 2000. The number dropped to 102 in 2019.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: This fact speaks to larger concerns with data on the criminal justice system in India, when the country doesn't even have the records of the number of people on whom it has imposed the highest punishment under law in India.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: On 27 April 1995, Auto Shankar was hanged in Salem Central Jail at Salem, Tamil Nadu. On 14 August 2004, Dhananjoy Chatterjee was hanged for the murder (following a rape) of 14-year-old Hetal Parekh at her apartment residence in Bhowanipore, West Bengal on 5 March 1990. Chatterjee, whose mercy plea was rejected on 4 August 2004, was kept at Alipore Central Jail in Kolkata, West Bengal for nearly 14 years.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: On 27 May 1997 Kamta Pasad Tiwary was hanged in Jabalpur Central Jail for raping and murdering an 8-year-old girl in 1991.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Since 2000, eight executions have been carried out in India - Dhananjoy Chatterjee in 2004, Ajmal Kasab in 2012, Afzal Guru in 2013, Yakub Memon in 2015, and Mukesh Singh, Akshay Thakur, Vinay Sharma and Pawan Gupta in 2020. While Singh, Thakur, Sharma, Gupta and Chatterjee were convicted for rape and murder, Kasab, Guru and Memon were convicted under terrorism-related charges. All of these executions have been fraught with controversies.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: While the mercy petition of Chatterjee was pending before the President of India, support for the rejection of the mercy petition as well as his execution was drummed up in West Bengal by various political groups and organisations. The efforts were helmed by Mira Bhattacharjee, wife of the then Chief Minister Buddhadev Bhattarcharjee. Public meetings were held by senior members of parties along with Mrs. Bhattacharjee demanding that the execution be carried out urgently.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: Afzal Guru was convicted of conspiracy in connection with the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and was sentenced to death. The Supreme Court of India upheld the sentence, ruling that the attack "shocked the conscience of the society at large." Afzal was scheduled to be executed on 20 October 2006, but the sentence was stayed. He was hanged on 9 February 2013 at Delhi's Tihar Central Jail.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


Capital punishment in India

Context: The four adult perpetrators Mukesh Singh, Akshay Thakur, Vinay Sharma and Pawan Gupta of the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder who survived to trial were sentenced to death by hanging on 13 September 2013. They were executed at 5:30 a.m. on 20 March 2020, after a lengthy legal battle.

Question: మొదటిగా మరణ శిక్ష అనుభవించిన భారతీయుడు ఎవరు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Human bones from the Neolithic show presence of the bacteria. There has also been a claim of evidence of lesions characteristic of tuberculosis in a 500,000-year-old Homo erectus fossil, although this finding is controversial.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Although relatively little is known about its frequency before the 19th century, its incidence is thought to have peaked between the end of the 18th century and the end of the 19th century. Over time, the various cultures of the world gave the illness different names: "phthisis" (Greek), "consumptio" (Latin), "yaksma" (India), and "chaky oncay" (Incan), each of which make reference to the "drying" or "consuming" effect of the illness, cachexia.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In the 19th century, TB's high mortality rate among young and middle-aged adults and the surge of Romanticism, which stressed feeling over reason, caused many to refer to the disease as the "romantic disease".

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In 2008, evidence for tuberculosis infection was discovered in human remains from the Neolithic era dating from 9,000 years ago, in Atlit Yam, a settlement in the eastern Mediterranean. This finding was confirmed by morphological and molecular methods; to date it is the oldest evidence of tuberculosis infection in humans.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Evidence of the infection in humans was also found in a cemetery near Heidelberg, in the Neolithic bone remains that show evidence of the type of angulation often seen with spinal tuberculosis. Some authors call tuberculosis the first disease known to mankind.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: The Ebers papyrus, an important Egyptian medical treatise from around 1550 BC, describes a pulmonary consumption associated with the cervical lymph nodes. It recommended that it be treated with the surgical lancing of the cyst and the application of a ground mixture of acacia seyal, peas, fruits, animal blood, insect blood, honey and salt.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: The Old Testament mentions a consumptive illness that would affect the Jewish people if they stray from God. It is listed in the section of curses given before they enter the land of Canaan.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: The first references to tuberculosis in non-European civilization is found in the Vedas. The oldest of them (Rigveda, 1500 BC) calls the disease "yaksma". The Atharvaveda calls it "balasa". It is in the Atharvaveda that the first description of scrofula is given. The "Sushruta Samhita", written around 600 BC, recommends that the disease be treated with breast milk, various meats, alcohol and rest. The Yajurveda advises affected individuals to move to higher altitudes.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: The (c. 400 BCE – 260 CE) "Huangdi Neijing" classic Chinese medical text, traditionally attributed to the mythical Yellow Emperor, describes a disease believed to be tuberculosis, called "xulao bing" (虛癆病 "weak consumptive disease"), characterized by persistent cough, abnormal appearance, fever, a weak and fast pulse, chest obstructions, and shortness of breath.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: The (c. 200–250 CE) "Shennong Bencaojing" pharmacopeia, attributed to the legendary inventor of agriculture Shennong "Divine Farmer", also refers to tuberculosis

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: The "Zhouhou beiji fang" 肘后备急方 "Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies", attributed to the Daoist scholar Ge Hong (263–420), uses the name of "shizhu" 尸疰 "corpse disease; tuberculosis" and describes the symptoms and contagion:

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: This passage refers to the cause of TB in ancient medical terminology of "jiuchong" 九蟲 "Nine Worms" and "gu" 蠱 "supernatural agents causing disease", and "qi". The Nine Worms generically meant "bodily parasites; intestinal worms" and were associated with the "sanshi" 三尸 "Three Corpses" or "sanchong" 三蟲 "Three Worms", which were believed to be biospiritual parasites that live in the human body and seek to hasten their host's death.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Daoist medical texts give different lists and descriptions of the Nine Worms. The "Boji fang" 博濟方 "Prescriptions for Universal Dispensation", collected by Wang Gun王袞 (fl. 1041), calls the supposed TB pathogen "laochong" 癆蟲 "tuberculosis worms".

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In addition, Daoist healers would burn talismans in order to fumigate the clothes and belongings of the deceased, and would warn the tuberculosis victim's family to throw away everything into a "changliu shui" 長流水 "everflowing stream". According to Liu Ts'un-yan, "This proves that the priests of the time actually wanted to destroy all the belongings of the deceased, using charms as a camouflage."

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Hippocrates, in Book 1 of his "Of the Epidemics," describes the characteristics of the disease: fever, colourless urine, cough resulting in a thick sputa, and loss of thirst and appetite. He notes that most of those affected became delirious before they succumbed to the disease. Hippocrates and many other at the time believed phthisis to be hereditary in nature. Aristotle disagreed, believing the disease was contagious.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Pliny the Younger wrote a letter to Priscus in which he details the symptoms of phthisis as he saw them in Fannia:

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Galen proposed a series of therapeutic treatments for the disease, including: opium as a sleeping agent and painkiller; blood letting; a diet of barley water, fish, and fruit. He also described the phyma (tumor) of the lungs, which is thought to correspond to the tubercles that form on the lung as a result of the disease.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Vitruvius noted that "cold in the windpipe, cough, plurisy, phthisis, [and] spitting blood", were common diseases in regions where the wind blew from north to northwest, and advised that walls be so built as to shelter individuals from the winds.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Aretaeus was the first person to rigorously describe the symptoms of the disease in his text "De causis et signis diuturnorum morborum":

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In his other book "De curatione diuturnorum morborum", he recommends that affected individuals travel to high altitudes, travel by sea, eat a good diet and drink plenty of milk.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Prior to this study, the first evidence of the disease in South America was found in remains of the Arawak culture around 1050 BC. The most significant finding belongs to the mummy of an 8 to 10-year-old Nascan child from Hacienda Agua Sala, dated to 700 AD. Scientists were able to isolate evidence of the bacillus.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: During the Middle Ages, no significant advances were made regarding tuberculosis. Avicenna and Rhazes continued to consider to believe the disease was both contagious and difficult to treat. Arnaldus de Villa Nova described etiopathogenic theory directly related to that of Hippocrates, in which a cold humor dripped from the head into the lungs.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In Medieval Hungary, the Inquisition recorded the trials of pagans. A document from the 12th century recorded an explanation of the cause of illness. The pagans said that tuberculosis was produced when a dog-shaped demon occupied the person's body and started to eat his lungs. When the possessed person coughed, then the demon was barking, and getting close to his objective, which was to kill the victim.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Paracelsus advanced the belief that tuberculosis was caused by a failure of an internal organ to accomplish its alchemical duties. When this occurred in the lungs, stony precipitates would develop causing tuberculosis in what he called the "tartaric" process.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In 1720, Benjamin Marten proposed in "A New Theory of Consumptions more Especially of Phthisis or Consumption of the Lungs" that the cause of tuberculosis was some type of "animalcula"—microscopic living beings that are able to survive in a new body (similar to the ones described by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1695). The theory was roundly rejected and it took another 162 years before Robert Koch demonstrated it to be true.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In the 18th and 19th century, tuberculosis (TB) had become epidemic in Europe, showing a seasonal pattern. In the 18th century, TB had a mortality rate as high as 900 deaths (800–1000) per 100,000 population per year in Western Europe, including in places like London, Stockholm and Hamburg. Similar death rate occurred in North America. In the United Kingdom, epidemic TB may have peaked around 1750, as suggested by mortality data.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: At the time, tuberculosis was called "the robber of youth," because the disease had higher death rate among young people. Other names included "the" "Great White Plague" and "the White Death", where the "white" was due to the extreme anaemic pallor of those infected. In addition, TB has been called by many as the "Captain of All These Men of Death".

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In large cities the poor had high rates of tuberculosis. Public-health physicians and politicians typically blamed both the poor themselves and their ramshackle tenement houses (conventillos) for the spread of the dreaded disease. People ignored public-health campaigns to limit the spread of contagious diseases, such as the prohibition of spitting on the streets, the strict guidelines to care for infants and young children, and quarantines that separated families from ill loved ones.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Though removed from the cultural movement, the scientific understanding advanced considerably. By the end of the 19th century, several major breakthroughs gave hope that a cause and cure might be found.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In 1869, Jean Antoine Villemin demonstrated that the disease was indeed contagious, conducting an experiment in which tuberculous matter from human cadavers was injected into laboratory rabbits, which then became infected.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: On 24 March 1882, Robert Koch revealed the disease was caused by an infectious agent. In 1895, Wilhelm Röntgen discovered the X-ray, which allowed physicians to diagnose and track the progression of the disease, and although an effective medical treatment would not come for another fifty years, the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis began to decline.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Villemin's experiments had confirmed the contagious nature of the disease and had forced the medical community to accept that tuberculosis was indeed an infectious disease, transmitted by some etiological agent of unknown origin. In 1882, Prussian physician Robert Koch utilized a new staining method and applied it to the sputum of tuberculosis patients, revealing for the first time the causal agent of the disease: "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", or Koch's bacillus.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: After numerous attempts he was able to incubate the bacteria in coagulated blood serum at 37 degrees Celsius. He then inoculated laboratory rabbits with the bacteria and observed that they died while exhibiting symptoms of tuberculosis, proving that the bacillus, which he named "tuberculosis bacillus", was in fact the cause of tuberculosis.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: He made his result public at the Physiological Society of Berlin on 24 March 1882, in a famous lecture entitled "Über Tuberculose", which was published three weeks later. Since 1882, 24 March has been known as World Tuberculosis Day.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: On 20 April 1882, Koch presented an article entitled "Die Ätiologie der Tuberculose" in which he demonstrated that "Mycobacterium" was the single cause of tuberculosis in all of its forms.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In 1890 Koch developed tuberculin, a purified protein derivative of the bacteria. Data on experimental inquiry published in Deutsche Landwirthschafts-Zeitung provided immediate practical industry benefits in the form of the Tuberculin test as an aide to diagnosis in both sick and healthy cattle. Tuberculin proved to be an ineffective means of immunization but in 1908, Charles Mantoux found it was an effective intradermic test for diagnosing tuberculosis.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: The advancement of scientific understanding of tuberculosis, and its contagious nature created the need for institutions to house affected individuals.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: The first proposal for a tuberculosis facility was made in paper by George Bodington entitled "An essay on the treatment and cure of pulmonary consumption, on principles natural, rational and successful" in 1840. In this paper, he proposed a dietary, rest, and medical care program for a hospital he planned to found in Maney. Attacks from numerous medical experts, especially articles in "The Lancet", disheartened Bodington and he turned to plans for housing the insane.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Around the same time in the United States, in late October and early November 1842, Dr. John Croghan, the owner of Mammoth Cave, brought 15 tuberculosis patients into the cave in the hope of curing the disease with the constant temperature and purity of the cave air. Patients were lodged in stone huts, and each was supplied with a slave to bring meals. One patient, A. H. P. Anderson, wrote glowing reviews of the cave experience:

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: By late January, early February 1843, two patients were dead and the rest had left. Departing patients died anywhere from three days to three weeks after resurfacing; John Croghan died of tuberculosis at his Louisville residence in 1849.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: Peter Dettweiler went on to found his own sanatorium at Falkenstein in 1877 and in 1886 published findings claiming that 132 of his 1022 patients had been completely cured after staying at his institution. Eventually, sanatoriums began to appear near large cities and at low altitudes, like the Sharon Sanatorium in 1890 near Boston.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: At the beginning of the 20th century, tuberculosis was one of the UK's most urgent health problems. A royal commission was set up in 1901, The Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Relations of Human and Animal Tuberculosis. Its remit was to find out whether tuberculosis in animals and humans was the same disease, and whether animals and humans could infect each other. By 1919, the Commission had evolved into the UK's Medical Research Council.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In 1902, the International Conference on Tuberculosis convened in Berlin. Among various other acts, the conference proposed the Cross of Lorraine be the international symbol of the fight against tuberculosis. National campaigns spread across Europe and the United States to tamp down on the continued prevalence of tuberculosis.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: The promotion of Christmas Seals began in Denmark during 1904 as a way to raise money for tuberculosis programs. It expanded to the United States and Canada in 1907–1908 to help the National Tuberculosis Association (later called the American Lung Association).

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In the United States, concern about the spread of tuberculosis played a role in the movement to prohibit public spitting except into spittoons.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In Italy, Salvioli's diffusing vaccine (; VDS) was used from 1948 until 1976. It was developed by Professor Gaetano Salvioli (1894–1982) of the University of Bologna.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: During the Nazi occupation of Poland, SS-Obergruppenführer Wilhelm Koppe organized the execution of more than 30,000 Polish patients with tuberculosis – little knowing or caring that a cure was nearly at hand. In Canada, doctors continued to surgically remove TB in the indigenous patients during the 1950s and 60s, even though the procedure was no longer performed on non-Indigenous patients.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


History of tuberculosis

Context: In response to the resurgence of tuberculosis, the World Health Organization issued a declaration of a global health emergency in 1993. Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide.

Question: క్షయ వ్యాధికి విరుగుడు ఏ దేశంలో కనుగొన్నారు?


Voting age

Context: (see list below). Most countries have set a minimum voting age, often set in their constitution. In a number of countries voting is compulsory for those eligible to vote, while in most it is optional.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: Demands to reduce the voting age to 16 years were again brought forward by activists of the school strike for climate movement in several countries (including Germany and the UK).

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: On 21 October 2019, Greens MP Bandt introduced a bill in the House of Representatives to lower the voting age to 16.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: A report suggesting that consideration be given to reducing the voting age to 16 in the Australian Capital Territory in Canberra, Australia was tabled in the territorial legislature on 26 September 2007 and defeated.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: As part of their 2021 coalition deal, the SPD, Greens and FDP agreed to lower the voting age to 16 within the course of the 20th Bundestag.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: The New Zealand Green Party MP Sue Bradford announced on 21 June 2007 that she intended to introduce her "Civics Education and Voting Age Bill" on the next occasion upon which a place became available for the consideration of Members' Bills.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: When this happened on 25 July Bradford abandoned the idea, citing an adverse public reaction. The Bill would have sought to reduce the voting age to 16 in New Zealand and make civics education part of the compulsory curriculum in schools.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: The Votes at 16 coalition, a group of political and charitable organisations supporting a reduction of the voting age to 16, was launched on 29 January 2003. At that time a Private Member's Bill was also proposed in the House of Lords by Lord Lucas, and received a Second Reading on 9 January.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: On 27 February 2006, the report of the Power Inquiry called for a reduction of the voting age, and of the candidacy age for the House of Commons, to 16. On the same day the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, indicated in an article in "The Guardian" that he favoured a reduction provided it was made concurrently with effective citizenship education.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: During the Youth Parliament debates of 30 October 2009 in the House of Commons, Votes at 16 was debated and young people of that age group voted for it overwhelmingly as a campaign priority. In April 2015, Labour announced that it would support the policy if it won an overall majority in the 2015 general election, which it failed to do.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: There was some criticism about not reducing the voting age to 16 years for the referendum on the membership in the European Union in 2016.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: The Scottish National Party conference voted unanimously on 27 October 2007 for a policy of reducing the voting age to 16 (the age of majority in Scotland), as well as in favour of a campaign for the necessary power to be devolved to the Scottish Parliament.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: In June 2015, the Scottish Parliament voted unanimously to reduce the voting age to 16 for elections for the Scottish Parliament and for Scottish local government elections.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: Major reforms were recommended in November 2017 in the 'A Parliament That Works For Wales' report, by the expert panel on Assembly Electoral Reform led by Professor Laura McAllister. It included increasing the size of the Assembly, adapting/ changing the electoral system and of course reducing the age of voting to 16.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: The Welsh Assembly's Commission, the corporate body, introduced on 12 February 2019 a bill to reduce the voting age to 16 and change the name to Senedd.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: The National Assembly for Wales passed the Senedd and Election (Wales) Act on 27 November 2019. A vote to remove this enfranchisement was defeated by 41 votes to 11.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: The first election to include the biggest enfranchisement in Welsh politics since 1969 was the 2021 Senedd election.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: The Welsh Government also legislated for the enfranchisement of 16 and 17-year-olds in the Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act, which received royal assent on 20 January 2021. The changes will be in place by May 2022 for local Welsh elections.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: Moves to lower the voting age to 16 were successful in each of the three British Crown dependencies from 2006 to 2008. The Isle of Man was the first to amend its law, when on 12 July 2006 it reduced the voting age to 16 for its general elections, with the House of Keys approving the move by 19 votes to 4.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: Jersey followed suit on 4 July 2007, when it approved in principle a reduction of the voting age to 16. The States of Jersey voted narrowly in favour, by 25 votes to 21, and the legislative amendments were adopted on 26 September. The law was sanctioned by Order in Council on 12 December, and was brought into force on 1 April, in time for the general elections in late 2008.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: On 31 October 2007, a proposal for a reduction made by the House Committee of the States of Guernsey, and approved by the States' Policy Committee, was adopted by the assembly by 30 votes to 15. An Order in Council sanctioning the law was made on 12 December, and it was registered at the Court of Guernsey on 19 December. It came into force immediately, and the voting age was accordingly reduced in time for the 2008 Guernsey general election.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: Alderney and Sark, each part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, have autonomy in deciding the question. Both have yet to favour a reduction to 16.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: Currently, the Maine Green Independent Party, the state branch of the Green Party of the United States, calls for the lowering of the voting age to 17. Youth suffrage appears to be gaining ground in Massachusetts; three of the four Democratic United States Senate candidates in 2010 supported lowering the voting age.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: On 3 April 2019, Andrew Yang became the first major presidential candidate to advocate for the United States to lower its voting age to 16. At 16, Americans do not have hourly limits imposed on their work, and they pay taxes. According to Yang, their livelihoods are directly impacted by legislation, and they should therefore be allowed to vote for their representatives.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: In May 2020, Oakland City Council President Rebecca Kaplan authored Oakland Measure QQ, which proposed lowering the voting age to 16, for school board elections. The Oakland City Council voted unanimously to put this measure on the ballot. On 6 November 2020, the city of Oakland, California voted to pass Oakland Measure QQ, making Oakland the largest United States city to partially enfranchise sixteen year old voters. This ballot measure passed with 67.88% of the vote.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: A request to lower the voting age to 16 was made during consideration of revisions to the Constitution of Venezuela in 2007. Cilia Flores, president of the National Assembly, announced that the Mixed Committee for Constitutional Reform had found the idea acceptable. Following approval in the legislature the amendment formed part of the package of constitutional proposals, and was defeated in the 2007 referendum.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: There are occasional calls for a maximum voting age, on the grounds that older people have less of a stake in the future of the country or jurisdiction.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: The only known maximum voting age is in the Holy See, where the franchise for electing a new Pope in the Papal Conclave is restricted to Cardinals under the age of 80.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: non-federal elections: Quebec in 1963, Manitoba on 10 October 1969, Ontario in 1971, Nova Scotia in 1973 following reduction to age 19 in 1970 and British Columbia in 1992 following reduction to 19 in 1952

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: The following are political parties and other campaigning organisations that have either endorsed a lower voting age or who favour its removal.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Voting age

Context: In 2013, the Constitutional Convention was asked to consider reducing the voting age to 17 and recommended lowering it to 16. The then government agreed to hold a referendum, but in 2015 postponed it indefinitely to give priority to other referendums.

Question: జపాన్ లో  ఓటు వేయడానికి కనీస వయసు ఎంత ఉండాలి?


Independence Day (Algeria)

Context: Independence Day, observed annually on 5 July, is a National Holiday in Algeria commemorating colonial Algerian independence from France on 5 July 1962.

Question: అల్జీరియాకి స్వాతంత్రం ఎప్పుడు వచ్చింది ?


Independence Day (Algeria)

Context: The Algerian War of Independence began in November 1954 and ended in 1962. The war was very brutal and long, and was the most recent major turning point in Algeria's history. Although often fratricidal, it ultimately united Algerians and seared the value of independence and the philosophy of anticolonialism into the national consciousness. Abusive tactics of the French Army remains a controversial subject in France to this day.

Question: అల్జీరియాకి స్వాతంత్రం ఎప్పుడు వచ్చింది ?


Independence Day (Algeria)

Context: French President Charles De Gaulle pronounced Algeria an independent country on 3 July. The decision was published in the official journal the following day, and Algerian leaders declared 5 July, the anniversary of the French arrival in Algiers, to be Independence Day.

Question: అల్జీరియాకి స్వాతంత్రం ఎప్పుడు వచ్చింది ?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Serzh Azati Sargsyan (, ; born 30 June 1954) is an Armenian politician who served as the third President of Armenia from 2008 to 2018, and twice as the Prime Minister of Armenia from 2007 to 2008 and again from 17 to 23 April 2018, when he was forced to resign in the 2018 Armenian revolution.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: He won the February 2008 presidential election with the backing of the ruling Republican Party of Armenia, a party in which he serves as chairman, and took office in April 2008. On 18 February 2013, he was re-elected as president and served the entire term.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Starting in 1979, Sargsyan held several positions in the Stepanakert Komsomol Committee: first as division head, then second secretary and first secretary (his long-time political ally Robert Kocharyan served as his deputy). He then became the Stepanakert City Committee Propaganda Division Head, the Nagorno-Karabakh Regional Committee Communist Organizations' Unit Instructor, and finally became assistant to Genrikh Poghosyan, the First Secretary of the Nagorno-Karabakh Regional Committee.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Sargsyan, with President Kocharyan's backing, was viewed as the strongest contender for the post of the President of Armenia in the February 2008 presidential election. Full provisional results showed him winning about 53% of the vote, a first round majority, well ahead of second place candidate Levon Ter-Petrosyan. The 2008 Presidential election was hailed as largely democratic by OSCE, the European Union (EU) and Western monitors.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Ter-Petrosyan's supporters, disputing the official results, held large protests in Yerevan for over a week following the election, until they were violently broken up on 1 March; ten people (eight protestors and two police officers) were killed, and a state of emergency was imposed for 20 days, ending on 20 March 2008.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: During Sargsyan's presidency the record of the freedom of speech and the freedom of press in general also improved in Armenia. Internet penetration rose sharply

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: – from 6.2 percent in 2008 to 37 percent in 2011, providing greater access to online media, which rapidly grew in number, including blogosphere – with over 10,000 bloggers in 2011.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: After the elections Sargsyan also authorized opposition rallies to take place in Yerevan and pledged to comply with the Council of Europe's demands for an end to the government's crackdown on the opposition.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Civil society also grew considerably during Sargsyan's presidency, with the number of non-governmental organizations growing at a higher rate and with civic activists succeeding in raising public awareness and holding important campaigns in the sphere of human rights, environmental protection and social justice. However, according to Freedom House, public advocacy still had limited impact on public policy.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Sargsyan made his first address in front of the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York on 25 September 2008. In his speech he referenced the 2008 South Ossetia conflict and emphasized the need for the United Nations to help bring peaceful resolution to armed conflicts around the world, including the one in Nagorno-Karabakh. He also mentioned how Azerbaijan's military buildup along with increasing war rhetoric and threats risked causing renewed problems in the South Caucasus.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Sargsyan blames the Azerbaijani side for hampering the peace process and for pursuing an openly anti-Armenian stance. According to him, the anti-Armenian policies of Azerbaijan, such as "state-supported falsifications of history", "hostile propaganda against Armenia and Armenians" and "military build-up" prove that Azerbaijan does not want peace.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Sargsyan has also clearly stated:The Armenophobic and aggressive stance of Azerbaijan reinforces our conviction that Nagorno-Karabakh has no future within Azerbaijan. Moreover, Azerbaijan has neither legal nor political or moral grounds to claim over Nagorno-Karabakh.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Our belief is that the settlement of the Karabakh conflict should be based on human rights and the will of the Karabakh people… It is the only way to achieve lasting, feasible, and peaceful settlement. The alternative to this settlement is the forcing of the Karabakh people back into Azerbaijan, which will inevitably lead to attempts of new ethnic cleansing of Armenians in Karabakh. There is no alternative here.”

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Responding to the persistent war rhetoric of Azerbaijan, Sargsyan has condemned it as a violation of the norms of the international law, as the parties had signed a truce which Azerbaijan, the "defeated aggressor", had asked for.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: He repeatedly said that his country is categorically against the resumption of military hostilities, but at the same time is ready to counter any military aggression. In 2014, Sargsyan stated "We don't want war and never wanted, but at that time [i.e. during Nagorno-Karabakh war] we had to defend our Motherland. If the time comes again, this time our blow will be final and deadly."

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: In this regard, Sargsyan declared that in the case of military aggression from Azerbaijan "Armenia will have no other choice but to recognize the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic "de jure" and to employ all its capabilities to ensure the security of the people of Artsakh."

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: As for the position of Armenia concerning the independence of Kosovo, Sargsyan stated that "Armenia's possible recognition of Kosovo's independence will not strain the Armenian-Russian relations" but also noted that the "Kosovo recognition issue needs serious discussion... Armenia has always been an adherent to the right of nations to self-determination and in this aspect we welcome Kosovo's independence."

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Having been elected as a president for his first term in 2008, Sargsyan pledged to continue Armenia's policy towards Turkey, to normalize relations without any preconditions while continuing to strive for international recognition of the 1915 Armenian genocide.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: On 10 October 2009 the foreign ministers of Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries without any preconditions. The accord also presupposed the opening of the border between Armenia and Turkey which had been closed by Turkey in 1993. The protocols were signed in Geneva, Switzerland under the international mediation, chiefly that of the United States.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: The Armenian Diaspora was also largely opposed to this type of reconciliation with Turkey, arguing (despite Sargsyan's assurances to the contrary) that this would jeopardize the international recognition of the Armenian genocide as well as the prospects of legitimate territorial claims of Armenians from Turkey.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Sargsyan however has also stated that unlike Ankara, Yerevan remains committed to its initiative to normalizing relations with Turkey.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Major protests against Sargsyan's regime began in 2011, with the president's 2008 rival Levon Ter-Petrosyan at their helm. In a concession to protesters, Sargsyan said on 20 April 2011 that the government would recommit to a thorough investigation of the post-election violence of three years prior.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: In 1983, he married his wife, Rita Sargsyan née Dadayan, with whom he has two daughters, Anush and Satenik. They have two granddaughters, Mariam and Rita, and two grandsons, Ara and Serzh. Sargsyan is also the chairman of the Armenian Chess Federation. His wife Rita died on 20 November 2020, from COVID-19 at the age of 58.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Sargsyan has two younger brothers: Alexander (Sashik), a businessman and former member of Armenia's parliament, and Levon, a diplomat and professor at Yerevan State University.

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Serzh Sargsyan

Context: Other transcriptions of his given name are "Serge" and "Serj", of the surname "Sarkissian, Sarkisyan, Sargsyan, Sarkissyan", the transliteration is "Serž Azati Sargsyan" (see Romanization of Armenian). His name during the Soviet era was Russified as "Serzh Azatovich Sargsyan" (Серж Аза́тович Саргся́н).

Question: 2016 నాటికి ఆర్మేనియా దేశ ప్రధాన మంత్రి ఎవరు?


Sport in England

Context: Sport England is the governing body responsible for distributing funds and providing strategic guidance for sporting activity in England. There are five National Sports Centres: Bisham Abbey, Crystal Palace, Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre, Lilleshall and Plas Y Brenin National Mountain Centre in Wales. Everyday Sport is Sport England's physical activity campaign. There are 49 County Sport Partnerships in England with areas for responsibility separated by Local Authority County boundaries.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The English Institute of Sport is a nationwide network of support services, aimed at improving the standard of English athletes. Services include sports medicine, physiotherapy, sports massage, applied physiology, strength and conditioning, nutrition, psychology and Performance Lifestyle support. It is based at 8 regional hubs and other satellite centers.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The Minister for Sport and Tourism and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport have responsibility for sport in England.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Each season the most successful clubs from each of the home nations qualify for the two Europe-wide club competitions organised by UEFA, the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League (formerly the UEFA Cup). England has both produced winners of each of these competitions.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The FA hopes that the completion of the National Football Centre will go some way to improving the national team's performance.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The four home nations compete separately at international level. They take part in the main European international rugby union competition, the Six Nations Championship. England won the 2003 Rugby World Cup, the first victory in the competition by a British team (or, for that matter, any Northern Hemisphere country).

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The governing body of rugby league in the United Kingdom is the Rugby Football League. Rugby league draws most of its support from its heartlands in Yorkshire, North West England, and Cumbria. Although playing numbers have recently topped 60,000 in London and the south east.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The England national rugby league team will compete more regularly as a full test nation, in lieu of the Great Britain national rugby league team, which, following the 2007 Centenary Test Series against New Zealand only reforms as an occasional southern hemisphere touring side. However, in 2018, the Great Britain national rugby league team was reformed after a 10-year hiatus in preparation of a tour of the Southern Hemisphere.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Cricket is another popular team sport, regarded as one of the national sports of England and the second most popular and followed sport in the country.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The England national cricket team is one of the twelve Full Members of the International Cricket Council, enabling England to participate in Test, One Day Internationals and Twenty20 International matches, as well as the ICC Cricket World Cup. Cricket in England is administered by the England and Wales Cricket Board, having been overseen by the Test and County Cricket Board until 1997. It is one of only 2 countries in Europe to be full ICC members, along with the Ireland cricket team.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Cricket is a popular recreational and summer sport in England, with hundreds of clubs playing at various levels; village cricket in particular is regarded as a key aspect of English culture. The Lancashire League was formed in 1892 and is renowned for the extensive list of professional players who have participated in it, particularly during the middle of the twentieth century. It is also a popular school and university sport in the summer.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: England have won one ICC Cricket World Cup, in 2019. They previously finished as runners up in the 1979, 1987 and 1992 tournaments. In addition, England won the 2010 ICC World Twenty20 in the Caribbean.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: England enjoys a hotly contested and storied rivalry with Australia, against whom they compete for The Ashes in a contest that dates back to the nineteenth century. As of 2019, Australia are holders of the Ashes having retained the trophy in 2017–18 Ashes series, retaining the Ashes urn in a drawn series in 2019. The English cricket team also enjoys rivalries against India and the West Indies, although the latter is no longer as fierce as it was during its peak in the 1980s.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: England is also a pioneering nation in the sport of Indoor Cricket. The first organised indoor cricket league in the world took place in 1970 in North Shropshire, and the first national tournament was completed in 1976 with over 400 clubs taking part. By 1979 over 1000 clubs were taking part in indoor cricket in the UK, and it remains extremely popular today with many leagues around the country.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: On 13 March 2011, Fiba voted 17–3 in favour of Great Britain receiving their host nation spot at the 2012 Olympic games with one condition, they have until 30 June 2012 to decide on whether to merge the three nations that make up the team or disband after the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Hockey's popularity is rising fast with the women winning the Rio Olympics in 2016 and the men winning the Azlan Shah Cup in 2017.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Media support for ice hockey has improved on a national level, although the majority of news is still found on the internet. Sky Sports has been covering the Elite league for a few seasons, and starting in the 2010/2011 season they will be showing 8 live games and a highlight show every week; the reason this deal happened was due to the elite league attracting very large viewing figures and Sky seeing the Elite Ice Hockey League as a potentially big and popular league.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The Elite Ice Hockey League is well recognised around the ice hockey world, so much so that on 2 October 2010 the Boston Bruins of the NHL took on the Belfast Giants at the Giants Odyssey Arena in Belfast, Northern Ireland

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Lacrosse in England is played in both the men's (field & indoor) and women's (field) versions of the games and governed by English Lacrosse Association. Currently the England men's team are European champions and are ranked fifth in the world. The women's team are currently second in Europe (however have won the competition three out of the seven times it has been competed for); they are also ranked fourth in the World (having won silver in both the 1987 and 1991 World Championships).

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: As of June 2021, England's Alex Russell was one of two non-North American players on a NCAA Division I roster and the only one to see game action. The graduate midfielder served as a captain for Long Island University, where he appeared in 11 games (10 starts), and recorded 20 points off 15 goals and five assists. Russell also scooped up 12 ground balls.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: In England, Scotland and Wales, the domestic game is organised by the British American Football Association (BAFA), who operate a series of league competitions as the BAFA National Leagues. The championship game is known as the BritBowl.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Tennis is the largest individual sport in England in terms of registered players and viewing audiences. Every year The Wimbledon Championships take place in London. They are the most prestigious tennis championships in the world and attract the largest global audience.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: England does not compete at the Olympic Games. Instead English athletes compete as part of Great British team, Team GB. London (the Capital of England and the UK) hosted the Summer Olympics in 1908, 1948 and 2012 making it the first city in the world to host the Summer Olympics three times.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Various athletics events which are individualistic are viewed as popular in England. In August 2014 Mo Farah became the most successful athlete in the European Athletics Championships history.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: England has produced many squash world number ones, and has been known to dominate the world rankings.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Badminton is England's most popular racket sport. It is an accessible sport where beginners can experience success early through basic rallying, but at the top level it requires high levels of power, agility and endurance. Badminton is an Olympic sport and Great Britain achieved medal success in both Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004. The All-England Championships takes place in Birmingham every year and attracts all the top players from around the world.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Although originating in Scotland, England has played a major role in the development of golf, including the origins of the Professional Golfers' Association (Great Britain & Ireland). Major golf tournaments held in England include the Open Championship (an English course hosting the event two years in every five) and the BMW PGA Championship, the flagship event of the European Tour. The Ryder Cup also originated in England, with the event being held on English courses numerous times.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The majority of the Formula One teams are based in England. Drivers from England have won eight Formula One World Championship drivers titles. Lewis Hamilton is the most notable current English driver, having won seven championships (most recently in 2020). The British Grand Prix takes place at Silverstone, most frequently in July. Major motor racing series based in the UK include the British Formula Three Championship and the British Touring Car Championship.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: English drivers (most notably Richard Burns) have achieved success in the World Rally Championship. Since 2000 the British Superbike Championship has become increasingly popular, surpassing its four-wheeled rivals in terms of spectator receipts and television coverage. Britain hosts one round of the MotoGP championship at Silverstone, and one of the Superbike World Championship at Donington Park in 2018 but has previously visited Brands Hatch and Silverstone.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: England is commonly seen as the widely dominant country for building racing cars. In addition to Formula One successes, historic names such as Lola, March, Reynard and Chevron have supplied numerous teams. Universities offering motorsport courses always back up this claim. Between the mid-1980s to the 1990s cars built in Britain were widely dominant in CART racing and the Indianapolis 500 in the United States.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: England played a key role in the evolution of modern boxing, with the codification of the rules of the sport known as the Queensberry Rules in the 19th century.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Mixed martial arts (MMA) has generally increased in popularity since being on the verge of oblivion in the early 1990s, but it has not seen anything like the popularity it has in the U.S.A duplicated in England. However, the rise of English MMA fighters have led to increased attention to the sport. In addition, Conor McGregor enjoys widespread name recognition in England, which has many residents of Irish heritage.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: At UFC 111, in Newark, New Jersey, Nottingham's Dan Hardy fought Canada's Georges St-Pierre for the UFC Welterweight Championship on 27 March 2010, becoming the first UK fighter to fight for a UFC title in the history of the organisation. Hardy lost the fight via unanimous decision. St-Pierre took Hardy down and controlled him with effective ground and pound. St-Pierre secured a tight armbar and kimura on Hardy in rounds 1 and 4. Hardy refused to tap, however, despite the danger of his arm being broken.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Commonwealth Games England (CGE) is a sports governing body that leads and manages the participation of the England team at the Commonwealth Games.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: In the early 20th century England had some of the largest sports facilities in the world, but the level of comfort and amenities they offered would be considered totally unacceptable by modern standards. After a long period of decline relative to other developed countries English facilities have made a relative improvement since the 1980s, and this is ongoing.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: English cricket grounds are smaller than the largest in some other countries, especially India and Australia, but the best of them have been modernised to a high standard, and two new international grounds have been built in recent years. The largest English cricket ground, Lord's in London, is internationally regarded as the "home of cricket". Other cricket stadiums in England include The Oval, Headingley Carnegie, Old Trafford Cricket Ground, Edgbaston and the Trent Bridge Ground.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The Belfry in the English Midlands has hosted the Ryder Cup more times than any other site. Wentworth Club near London used to hold two European Tour events each season, but now hosts just one.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: Sport is compulsory for all students up to the age of sixteen, but the amount of time devoted to it is often small and pupils often find fictitious excuses to avoid doing it.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: The leading body for physical education in the United Kingdom is the Association for Physical Education. Sportsmark is Sport England's accreditation scheme for secondary schools. The scheme recognises a school's out of hours sports provision.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Sport in England

Context: There are frequent complaints that state sector schools do too little to encourage sport and a healthy lifestyle. Since the 1980s it has become a cliché to complain about sales of school playing fields for development.

Question: ఇంగ్లాండ్ దేశ జాతీయ క్రీడ ఏది ?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish are eaten by humans in certain cultures. They are considered a delicacy in some Asian countries, where species in the Rhizostomae order are pressed and salted to remove excess water. Australian researchers have described them as a "perfect food", sustainable, and protein-rich but relatively low in food energy.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: They are also used in research, where the green fluorescent protein used by some species to cause bioluminescence has been adapted as a fluorescent marker for genes inserted into other cells or organisms.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: The stinging cells used by jellyfish to subdue their prey can injure humans. Thousands of swimmers worldwide are stung every year, with effects ranging from mild discomfort to serious injury or even death. When conditions are favourable, jellyfish can form vast swarms, which can be responsible for damage to fishing gear by filling fishing nets, and sometimes clog the cooling systems of power and desalination plants which draw their water from the sea.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: The term jellyfish broadly corresponds to medusae, that is, a life-cycle stage in the Medusozoa. The American evolutionary biologist Paulyn Cartwright gives the following general definition:

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Given that jellyfish is a common name, its mapping to biological groups is inexact. Some authorities have called the comb jellies and certain salps jellyfish, though other authorities state that neither of these are jellyfish, which they consider should be limited to certain groups within the medusozoa.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: The non-medusozoan clades called jellyfish by some but not all authorities (both agreeing and disagreeing citations are given in each case) are indicated with "???" on the following cladogram of the animal kingdom:

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish are not a clade, as they include most of the Medusozoa, barring some of the Hydrozoa. The medusozoan groups included by authorities are indicated on the following phylogenetic tree by the presence of citations. Names of included jellyfish, in English where possible, are shown in boldface; the presence of a named and cited example indicates that at least that species within its group has been called a jellyfish.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: There are over 200 species of Scyphozoa, about 50 species of Staurozoa, about 20 species of Cubozoa, and the Hydrozoa includes about 1000–1500 species that produce medusae, but many more species that do not.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Since jellyfish have no hard parts, fossils are rare. The oldest conulariid scyphozoans appeared between 635 and 577 mya in the Neoproterozoic of the Lantian Formation in China; others are found in the youngest Ediacaran rocks of the Tamengo Formation of Brazil, c. 505 mya, through to the Triassic. Cubozoans and hydrozoans appeared in the Cambrian of the Marjum Formation in Utah, USA, c. 540 mya.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: In many species of jellyfish, the rhopalia include ocelli, light-sensitive organs able to tell light from dark. These are generally pigment spot ocelli, which have some of their cells pigmented. The rhopalia are suspended on stalks with heavy crystals at one end, acting like gyroscopes to orient the eyes skyward. Certain jellyfish look upward at the mangrove canopy while making a daily migration from mangrove swamps into the open lagoon, where they feed, and back again.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Box jellyfish have more advanced vision than the other groups. Each individual has 24 eyes, two of which are capable of seeing colour, and four parallel information processing areas that act in competition, supposedly making them one of the few kinds of animal to have a 360-degree view of its environment.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Box jellyfish visual systems are both diverse and complex, comprising multiple photosystems. There is likely considerable variation in visual properties between species of box jellyfish given the significant inter-species morphological and physiological variation. Eyes tend to differ in size and shape, along with number of receptors (including opsins), and physiology across species of box jellyfish.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Box jellyfish have multiple photosystems that comprise different sets of eyes. Evidence includes immunocytochemical and molecular data that show photopigment differences among the different morphological eye types, and physiological experiments done on box jellyfish to suggest behavioral differences among photosystems. Each individual eye type constitutes photosystems that work collectively to control visually guided behaviors.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Comparative research on genetic and molecular makeup of box jellyfishes' eyes versus more derived eyes seen in vertebrates and cephalopods focuses on: lenses and crystallin composition, synapses, and Pax genes and their implied evidence for shared primordial (ancestral) genes in eye evolution.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: The lens structure of box jellyfish appears very similar to those of other organisms, but the crystallins are distinct in both function and appearance. Weak reactions were seen within the sera and there were very weak sequence similarities within the crystallins among vertebrate and invertebrate lenses. This is likely due to differences in lower molecular weight proteins and the subsequent lack of immunological reactions with antisera that other organisms' lenses exhibit.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: The primary adaptive responses to environmental variation observed in box jellyfish eyes include pupillary constriction speeds in response to light environments, as well as photoreceptor tuning and lens adaptations to better respond to shifts between light environments and darkness. Interestingly, some box jellyfish species' eyes appear to have evolved more focused vision in response to their habitat.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish range from about one millimeter in bell height and diameter, to nearly in bell height and diameter; the tentacles and mouth parts usually extend beyond this bell dimension.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: The lion's mane jellyfish, "Cyanea capillata", was long-cited as the largest jellyfish, and arguably the longest animal in the world, with fine, thread-like tentacles that may extend up to long (though most are nowhere near that large). They have a moderately painful, but rarely fatal, sting.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: The rarely encountered deep-sea jellyfish "Stygiomedusa gigantea" is another candidate for "largest jellyfish", with its thick, massive bell up to wide, and four thick, "strap-like" oral arms extending up to in length, very different from the typical fine, threadlike tentacles that rim the umbrella of more-typical-looking jellyfish, including the Lion's Mane.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish have a complex life cycle which includes both sexual and asexual phases, with the medusa being the sexual stage in most instances. Sperm fertilize eggs, which develop into larval planulae, become polyps, bud into ephyrae and then transform into adult medusae. In some species certain stages may be skipped.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: The ephyrae, usually only a millimeter or two across initially, swim away from the polyp and grow. Limnomedusae polyps can asexually produce a creeping "frustule" larval form, which crawls away before developing into another polyp. A few species can produce new medusae by budding directly from the medusan stage. Some hydromedusae reproduce by fission.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Little is known of the life histories of many jellyfish as the places on the seabed where the benthic forms of those species live have not been found. However, an asexually reproducing strobila form can sometimes live for several years, producing new medusae (ephyra larvae) each year.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: An unusual species, "Turritopsis dohrnii", formerly classified as "Turritopsis nutricula", might be effectively immortal because of its ability under certain circumstances to transform from medusa back to the polyp stage, thereby escaping the death that typically awaits medusae post-reproduction if they have not otherwise been eaten by some other organism. So far this reversal has been observed only in the laboratory.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Some small fish are immune to the stings of the jellyfish and live among the tentacles, serving as bait in a fish trap; they are safe from potential predators and are able to share the fish caught by the jellyfish. The cannonball jellyfish has a symbiotic relationship with ten different species of fish, and with the longnose spider crab, which lives inside the bell, sharing the jellyfish's food and nibbling its tissues.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Some jellyfish populations that have shown clear increases in the past few decades are invasive species, newly arrived from other habitats: examples include the Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Baltic Sea, central and eastern Mediterranean, Hawaii, and tropical and subtropical parts of the West Atlantic (including the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and Brazil).

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish blooms can have significant impact on community structure. Some carnivorous jellyfish species prey on zooplankton while others graze on primary producers. Reductions in zooplankton and ichthyoplankton due to a jellyfish bloom can ripple through the trophic levels. High density jellyfish populations can outcompete other predators and reduce fish recruitment. Increased grazing on primary producers by jellyfish can also interrupt energy transfer to higher trophic levels.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: These blooms have very real impacts on industries. Jellyfish can outcompete fish by utilizing open niches in over-fished fisheries. Catch of jellyfish can strain fishing gear and lead to expenses relating to damaged gear. Power plants have been shut down due to jellyfish blocking the flow of cooling water. Blooms have also been harmful for tourism, causing a rise in stings and sometimes the closure of beaches.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish form a component of jelly-falls, events where gelatinous zooplankton fall to the seafloor, providing food for the benthic organisms there. In temperate and subpolar regions, jelly-falls usually follow immediately after a bloom.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Most jellyfish are marine animals, although a few hydromedusae inhabit freshwater. The best known freshwater example is the cosmopolitan hydrozoan jellyfish, "Craspedacusta sowerbii". It is less than an inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, colorless and does not sting. Some jellyfish populations have become restricted to coastal saltwater lakes, such as Jellyfish Lake in Palau. Jellyfish Lake is a marine lake where millions of golden jellyfish ("Mastigias" spp.) migrate horizontally across the lake daily.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Some species explicitly adapt to tidal flux. In Roscoe Bay, jellyfish ride the current at ebb tide until they hit a gravel bar, and then descend below the current. They remain in still waters until the tide rises, ascending and allowing it to sweep them back into the bay. They also actively avoid fresh water from mountain snowmelt, diving until they find enough salt.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish are hosts to a wide variety of parasitic organisms. They act as intermediate hosts of endoparasitic helminths, with the infection being transferred to the definitive host fish after predation. Some digenean trematodes, especially species in the family Lepocreadiidae, use jellyfish as their second intermediate hosts. Fish become infected by the trematodes when they feed on infected jellyfish.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish have long been eaten in some parts of the world. Fisheries have begun harvesting the American cannonball jellyfish, "Stomolophus meleagris", along the southern Atlantic coast of the United States and in the Gulf of Mexico for export to Asia.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish are also harvested for their collagen, which is being investigated for use in a variety of applications including the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Aquaculture and fisheries of other species often suffer severe losses – and so losses of productivity – due to jellyfish.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Aristotle stated in the "Parts of Animals" IV, 6 that jellyfish (sea-nettles) were eaten in winter time in a fish stew.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: In some countries, including China, Japan, and Korea, jellyfish are a delicacy. The jellyfish is dried to prevent spoiling.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Only some 12 species of scyphozoan jellyfish belonging to the order Rhizostomeae are harvested for food, mostly in southeast Asia. Rhizostomes, especially "Rhopilema esculentum" in China ( "hǎizhé", 'sea stingers') and "Stomolophus meleagris" (cannonball jellyfish) in the United States, are favored because of their larger and more rigid bodies and because their toxins are harmless to humans.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: In China, processed jellyfish are desalted by soaking in water overnight and eaten cooked or raw. The dish is often served shredded with a dressing of oil, soy sauce, vinegar and sugar, or as a salad with vegetables. In Japan, cured jellyfish are rinsed, cut into strips and served with vinegar as an appetizer. Desalted, ready-to-eat products are also available.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Pliny the Elder reported in his "Natural History" that the slime of the jellyfish "Pulmo marinus" produced light when rubbed on a walking stick.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: The effects of stings range from mild discomfort to extreme pain and death. Most jellyfish stings are not deadly, but stings of some box jellyfish (Irukandji jellyfish), such as the sea wasp, can be deadly. Stings may cause anaphylaxis (a form of shock), which can be fatal. Jellyfish kill 20 to 40 people a year in the Philippines alone. In 2006 the Spanish Red Cross treated 19,000 stung swimmers along the Costa Brava.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


Jellyfish

Context: Jellyfish in large quantities can fill and split fishing nets and crush captured fish. They can clog cooling equipment, disabling power stations in several countries; jellyfish caused a cascading blackout in the Philippines in 1999, as well as damaging the Diablo Canyon Power Plant in California in 2008. They can also stop desalination plants and ships' engines.

Question: జేల్లిఫీష్ లను మొదటగా ఎప్పుడు గుర్తించారు?


History of leprosy

Context: Snakes were also used, according to Pliny, Aretaeus of Cappadocia, and Theodorus. Gaucher recommended treatment with cobra venom. Boinet, in 1913, tried increasing doses of bee stings (up to 4000). Scorpions and frogs were used occasionally instead of snakes. The excreta of "Anabas" (the climbing fish) was also tried.

Question: భారతదేశంలో మొదట ఏ వ్యాధికి ఔషధాన్ని కనుగొన్నారు?


History of leprosy

Context: Alternative treatments included scarification with or without the addition of irritants including arsenic and hellebore. Castration was also practiced in the Middle Ages.

Question: భారతదేశంలో మొదట ఏ వ్యాధికి ఔషధాన్ని కనుగొన్నారు?


History of leprosy

Context: The first parenteral administration was given by the Egyptian doctor Tortoulis Bey, personal physician to the Sultan Hussein Kamel of Egypt. He had been using subcutaneous injections of creosote for tuberculosis. In 1894 he administered subcutaneous injection of chaulmoogra oil to a 36 year-old Egyptian Copt who had been unable to tolerate oral treatment. After 6 years and 584 injections, the patient was declared cured.

Question: భారతదేశంలో మొదట ఏ వ్యాధికి ఔషధాన్ని కనుగొన్నారు?


History of leprosy

Context: Heiser and Mercado in 1913 administered the oil by injection to two patients, with the result that they were cured of the disease. Since the doctors had been using the oil in conjunction with other materials, the results were not clear. Two additional patients were treated by injections of oil alone and appeared to be cured of the disease. The following year, Heiser reported on an additional 12 patients, but the results were mixed.

Question: భారతదేశంలో మొదట ఏ వ్యాధికి ఔషధాన్ని కనుగొన్నారు?


Computer

Context: A broad range of industrial and consumer products use computers as control systems. Simple special-purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls are included, as are factory devices like industrial robots and computer-aided design, as well as general-purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices like smartphones. Computers power the Internet, which links billions of other computers and users.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, mostly using one-to-one correspondence with fingers. The earliest counting device was probably a form of tally stick. Later record keeping aids throughout the Fertile Crescent included calculi (clay spheres, cones, etc.) which represented counts of items, probably livestock or grains, sealed in hollow unbaked clay containers. The use of counting rods is one example.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The Antikythera mechanism is believed to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer, according to Derek J. de Solla Price. It was designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to approximately . Devices of comparable complexity to the Antikythera mechanism would not reappear until the fourteenth century.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The sector, a calculating instrument used for solving problems in proportion, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various functions, such as squares and cube roots, was developed in the late 16th century and found application in gunnery, surveying and navigation.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The planimeter was a manual instrument to calculate the area of a closed figure by tracing over it with a mechanical linkage.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: In the 1770s, Pierre Jaquet-Droz, a Swiss watchmaker, built a mechanical doll (automaton) that could write holding a quill pen. By switching the number and order of its internal wheels different letters, and hence different messages, could be produced. In effect, it could be mechanically "programmed" to read instructions. Along with two other complex machines, the doll is at the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and still operates.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: By 1938, the United States Navy had developed an electromechanical analog computer small enough to use aboard a submarine. This was the Torpedo Data Computer, which used trigonometry to solve the problem of firing a torpedo at a moving target. During World War II similar devices were developed in other countries as well.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: Early digital computers were electromechanical; electric switches drove mechanical relays to perform the calculation. These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes. The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1939, was one of the earliest examples of an electromechanical relay computer.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: Zuse's next computer, the Z4, became the world's first commercial computer; after initial delay due to the Second World War, it was completed in 1950 and delivered to the ETH Zurich. The computer was manufactured by Zuse's own company, , which was founded in 1941 as the first company with the sole purpose of developing computers.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The idea of the integrated circuit was first conceived by a radar scientist working for the Royal Radar Establishment of the Ministry of Defence, Geoffrey W.A. Dummer. Dummer presented the first public description of an integrated circuit at the Symposium on Progress in Quality Electronic Components in Washington, D.C. on 7 May 1952.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: These smartphones and tablets run on a variety of operating systems and recently became the dominant computing device on the market. These are powered by System on a Chip (SoCs), which are complete computers on a microchip the size of a coin.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The term "hardware" covers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible physical objects. Circuits, computer chips, graphic cards, sound cards, memory (RAM), motherboard, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and "mice" input devices are all hardware.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: When unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data is processed and sent to output devices. The input devices may be hand-operated or automated. The act of processing is mainly regulated by the CPU. Some examples of input devices are:

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The means through which computer gives output are known as output devices. Some examples of output devices are:

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets (decodes) the program instructions, transforming them into control signals that activate other parts of the computer. Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of execution of some instructions to improve performance.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: A key component common to all CPUs is the program counter, a special memory cell (a register) that keeps track of which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The control system's function is as follows— this is a simplified description, and some of these steps may be performed concurrently or in a different order depending on the type of CPU:

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: Since the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program. Instructions that modify the program counter are often known as "jumps" and allow for loops (instructions that are repeated by the computer) and often conditional instruction execution (both examples of control flow).

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The sequence of operations that the control unit goes through to process an instruction is in itself like a short computer program, and indeed, in some more complex CPU designs, there is another yet smaller computer called a microsequencer, which runs a microcode program that causes all of these events to happen.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components. Since the 1970s, CPUs have typically been constructed on a single MOS integrated circuit chip called a "microprocessor".

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: Superscalar computers may contain multiple ALUs, allowing them to process several instructions simultaneously. Graphics processors and computers with SIMD and MIMD features often contain ALUs that can perform arithmetic on vectors and matrices.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories, which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on the programmer's part.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disc drives serve as both input and output devices. Computer networking is another form of I/O.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: I/O devices are often complex computers in their own right, with their own CPU and memory. A graphics processing unit might contain fifty or more tiny computers that perform the calculations necessary to display 3D graphics. Modern desktop computers contain many smaller computers that assist the main CPU in performing I/O. A 2016-era flat screen display contains its own computer circuitry.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: Some computers are designed to distribute their work across several CPUs in a multiprocessing configuration, a technique once employed in only large and powerful machines such as supercomputers, mainframe computers and servers. Multiprocessor and multi-core (multiple CPUs on a single integrated circuit) personal and laptop computers are now widely available, and are being increasingly used in lower-end markets as a result.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: There are thousands of different programming languages—some intended for general purpose, others useful for only highly specialized applications.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: Comparatively, a person using a pocket calculator can perform a basic arithmetic operation such as adding two numbers with just a few button presses. But to add together all of the numbers from 1 to 1,000 would take thousands of button presses and a lot of time, with a near certainty of making a mistake. On the other hand, a computer may be programmed to do this with just a few simple instructions. The following example is written in the MIPS assembly language:

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: Once told to run this program, the computer will perform the repetitive addition task without further human intervention. It will almost never make a mistake and a modern PC can complete the task in a fraction of a second.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run. Unlike natural languages, programming languages are designed to permit no ambiguity and to be concise. They are purely written languages and are often difficult to read aloud. They are generally either translated into machine code by a compiler or an assembler before being run, or translated directly at run time by an interpreter. Sometimes programs are executed by a hybrid method of the two techniques.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The task of developing large software systems presents a significant intellectual challenge. Producing software with an acceptably high reliability within a predictable schedule and budget has historically been difficult; the academic and professional discipline of software engineering concentrates specifically on this challenge.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: As the use of computers has spread throughout society, there are an increasing number of careers involving computers.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


Computer

Context: The need for computers to work well together and to be able to exchange information has spawned the need for many standards organizations, clubs and societies of both a formal and informal nature.

Question: మొట్టమొదటగా కంప్యూటర్ ని వాడిన దేశం ఏది?


English alphabet

Context: The exact shape of printed letters varies depending on the typeface (and font), and the standard printed form may differ significantly from the shape of handwritten letters (which varies between individuals), especially cursive.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Written English has a large number of digraphs (e.g., "would", "beak", "moat"); it stands out (almost uniquely) as a European language without diacritics in native words. The only exceptions are:

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The names of the letters are for the most part direct descendants, via French, of the Latin (and Etruscan) names. (See Latin alphabet: Origins.)

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Some groups of letters, such as "pee" and "bee", or "em" and "en", are easily confused in speech, especially when heard over the telephone or a radio communications link. Spelling alphabets such as the ICAO spelling alphabet, used by aircraft pilots, police and others, are designed to eliminate this potential confusion by giving each letter a name that sounds quite different from any other.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Old and Middle English had a number of non-Latin letters that have since dropped out of use. These either took the names of the equivalent runes, since there were no Latin names to adopt, or (thorn, wyn) were runes themselves.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The most common diacritic marks seen in English publications are the acute (é), grave (è), circumflex (â, î, or ô), tilde (ñ), umlaut and diaeresis (ü or ï—the same symbol is used for two different purposes), and cedilla (ç). Diacritics used for tonal languages may be replaced with tonal numbers or omitted.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Diacritic marks mainly appear in loanwords such as "naïve" and "façade". Informal English writing tends to omit diacritics because of their absence from the keyboard, while professional copywriters and typesetters tend to include them.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Occasionally, especially in older writing, diacritics are used to indicate the syllables of a word: "cursed" (verb) is pronounced with one syllable, while "cursèd" (adjective) is pronounced with two. For this, "è" is used widely in poetry, e.g., in Shakespeare's sonnets. J.R.R. Tolkien used "ë", as in "O wingëd crown".

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Similarly, while in "chicken coop" the letters "-oo-" represent a single vowel sound (a digraph), they less often represent two which may be marked with a diaresis as in "zoölogist" and "coöperation". This use of the diaeresis is rare but found in some well-known publications, such as "MIT Technology Review" and "The New Yorker". Some publications, particularly in UK usage, have replaced the diaeresis with a hyphen such as in co-operative.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: In general, these devices are not used even where they would serve to alleviate some degree of confusion.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The apostrophe (ʼ) is not considered part of the English alphabet nor used as a diacritic even in loanwords. But it is used for two important purposes in written English: to mark the "possessive" and to mark contracted words. Current standards require its use for both purposes. Therefore, apostrophes are necessary to spell many words even in isolation, unlike most punctuation marks, which are concerned with indicating sentence structure and other relationships among multiple words.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Hyphens are often used in English compound words. Writing compound words may be hyphenated, open or closed, so specifics are guided by stylistic policy. Some writers may use a slash in certain instances.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The letter most commonly used in English is E. The least used letter is Z. The frequencies shown in the table may differ in practice according to the type of text.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The letters A, E, I, O, and U are considered vowel letters, since (except when silent) they represent vowels, although I and U represent consonants in words such as "onion" and "quail" respectively.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The letter Y sometimes represents a consonant (as in "young") and sometimes a vowel (as in "myth"). Very rarely, W may represent a vowel (as in "cwm", a Welsh loanword).

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The consonant sounds represented by the letters W and Y in English (/w/ and /j/ as in yes /jɛs/ and went /wɛnt/) are referred to as semi-vowels (or "glides") by linguists, however this is a description that applies to the "sounds" represented by the letters and not to the letters themselves.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The remaining letters are considered consonant letters, since when not silent they generally represent consonants.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The English language itself was first written in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc runic alphabet, in use from the 5th century. This alphabet was brought to what is now England, along with the proto-form of the language itself, by Anglo-Saxon settlers. Very few examples of this form of written Old English have survived, mostly as short inscriptions or fragments.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: The a-e ligature "ash" (Æ æ) was adopted as a letter in its own right, named after a futhorc rune "æsc". In very early Old English the o-e ligature "ethel" (Œ œ) also appeared as a distinct letter, likewise named after a rune, "œðel". Additionally, the v-v or u-u ligature "double-u" (W w) was in use.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: In the year 1011, a monk named Byrhtferð recorded the traditional order of the Old English alphabet. He listed the 24 letters of the Latin alphabet first, including the ampersand, then 5 additional English letters, starting with the Tironian note "ond" (⁊), an insular symbol for "and":

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Written English has a number of digraphs, but they are not considered separate letters of the alphabet:

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Some fonts for typesetting English contain commonly used ligatures, such as for , , , , and . These are not independent letters, but rather allographs.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


English alphabet

Context: Alternative scripts have been proposed for written English—mostly extending or replacing the basic English alphabet—such as the Deseret alphabet, the Shavian alphabet, etc.

Question: ఇంగ్లీష్ అక్షరాలు ఎన్ని?


List of tallest buildings in New York City

Context: The majority of skyscrapers in New York City are concentrated in Midtown and Downtown Manhattan, although other neighborhoods of Manhattan and the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx also contain some high-rises.

Question: మాన్హాటన్ లో గల ఎత్తయిన కట్టడం ఏది ?


Context: , there were 301 completed skyscrapers that rose at least in height, more than any other city in the United States, and third most in the world exceeded only by Hong Kong and Shenzhen; an additional 19 are under construction.

Question: మాన్హాటన్ లో గల ఎత్తయిన కట్టడం ఏది ?


Context: This list ranks completed and topped out New York City skyscrapers that stand at least tall based on standard height measurements. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. An asterisk (*) indicates that the building is still under construction but has been topped out. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Question: మాన్హాటన్ లో గల ఎత్తయిన కట్టడం ఏది ?


Context: This lists ranks buildings in New York City based on pinnacle height measurement, which includes antenna masts. Standard architectural height measurement, which excludes non-architectural antennas in building height, is included for comparative purposes. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Question: మాన్హాటన్ లో గల ఎత్తయిన కట్టడం ఏది ?


Context: This lists the tallest building in each borough of New York City based on standard height measurement. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Question: మాన్హాటన్ లో గల ఎత్తయిన కట్టడం ఏది ?