Thomas Jefferson

Context: In addition to the Corps of Discovery, Jefferson organized three other western expeditions: the William Dunbar and George Hunter expedition on the Ouachita River (1804–1805), the Thomas Freeman and Peter Custis expedition (1806) on the Red River, and the Zebulon Pike Expedition (1806–1807) into the Rocky Mountains and the Southwest. All three produced valuable information about the American frontier.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson's successful first term occasioned his re-nomination for president by the Republican party, with George Clinton replacing Burr as his running mate. The Federalist party ran Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina, John Adams's vice-presidential candidate in the 1800 election. The Jefferson-Clinton ticket won overwhelmingly in the electoral college vote, by 162 to 14, promoting their achievement of a strong economy, lower taxes, and the Louisiana Purchase.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Domestically, Jefferson's grandson James Madison Randolph became the first child born in the White House in 1806.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Following the 1801 electoral deadlock, Jefferson's relationship with his vice president, former New York Senator Aaron Burr, rapidly eroded. Jefferson suspected Burr of seeking the presidency for himself, while Burr was angered by Jefferson's refusal to appoint some of his supporters to federal office. Burr was dropped from the Republican ticket in 1804.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: After leaving office in April 1805, Burr traveled west and conspired with Louisiana Territory governor James Wilkinson, beginning a large-scale recruitment for a military expedition. Other plotters included Ohio Senator John Smith and an Irishman named Harmon Blennerhassett. Burr discussed a number of plots—seizing control of Mexico or Spanish Florida, or forming a secessionist state in New Orleans or the Western U.S. Historians remain unclear as to his true goal.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: In the fall of 1806, Burr launched a military flotilla carrying about 60 men down the Ohio River. Wilkinson renounced the plot, apparently from self-interested motives; he reported Burr's expedition to Jefferson, who immediately ordered Burr's arrest. On February 13, 1807, Burr was captured in Louisiana's Bayou Pierre wilderness and sent to Virginia to be tried for treason.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: When Jefferson died in 1826, James Madison replaced him as rector. Jefferson bequeathed most of his library to the university. Only one other ex-president has founded a university, namely Millard Fillmore who founded the University at Buffalo.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: He also expressed opposition to the idea of a privileged aristocracy made up of large landowning families partial to the King, and instead promoted "the aristocracy of virtue and talent, which nature has wisely provided for the direction of the interests of society, & scattered with equal hand through all its conditions, was deemed essential to a well-ordered republic".

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson gave his insight into people, politics, and events. The work is primarily concerned with the Declaration and reforming the government of Virginia. He used notes, letters, and documents to tell many of the stories within the autobiography. He suggested that this history was so rich that his personal affairs were better overlooked, but he incorporated a self-analysis using the Declaration and other patriotism.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: In the summer of 1824, the Marquis de Lafayette accepted an invitation from President James Monroe to visit the country. Jefferson and Lafayette had not seen each other since 1789. After visits to New York, New England, and Washington, Lafayette arrived at Monticello on November 4.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: HERE WAS BURIED THOMAS JEFFERSON, AUTHOR OF THE DECLARATION OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, OF THE STATUTE OF VIRGINIA FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, AND FATHER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson died deeply in debt, unable to pass on his estate freely to his heirs. He gave instructions in his will for disposal of his assets, including the freeing of Sally Hemings's children; but his estate, possessions, and slaves were sold at public auctions starting in 1827. In 1831, Monticello was sold by Martha Jefferson Randolph and the other heirs.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson wrote letters and speeches prolifically, and these show him to be conversant and well read in the philosophical literature of his day and of antiquity. However, since Jefferson did not produce a formal work on philosophy, scholars, in general, do not take him seriously as a philosopher. Nonetheless, Jefferson left behind a "rich philosophical legacy" in his presidential messages, letters to philosophically minded people, and his public papers.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: According to Jefferson's philosophy, citizens have "certain inalienable rights" and "rightful liberty is unobstructed action according to our will, within limits drawn around us by the equal rights of others." A staunch advocate of the jury system to protect people's liberties, he proclaimed in 1801, "I consider [trial by jury] as the only anchor yet imagined by man, by which a government can be held to the principles of its constitution."

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson considered democracy to be the expression of society and promoted national self-determination, cultural uniformity, and education of all males of the commonwealth. He supported public education and a free press as essential components of a democratic nation.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: After resigning as secretary of state in 1795, Jefferson focused on the electoral bases of the Republicans and Federalists. The "Republican" classification for which he advocated included "the entire body of landholders" everywhere and "the body of laborers" without land. Republicans united behind Jefferson as vice president, with the election of 1796 expanding democracy nationwide at grassroots levels. Jefferson promoted Republican candidates for local offices.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson distrusted government banks and opposed public borrowing, which he thought created long-term debt, bred monopolies, and invited dangerous speculation as opposed to productive labor. In one letter to Madison, he argued each generation should curtail all debt within 19 years, and not impose a long-term debt on subsequent generations.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson used agrarian resistance to banks and speculators as the first defining principle of an opposition party, recruiting candidates for Congress on the issue as early as 1792. As president, Jefferson was persuaded by Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin to leave the bank intact but sought to restrain its influence.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: During his presidency, Jefferson allowed the diffusion of slavery into the Louisiana Territory hoping to prevent slave uprisings in Virginia and to prevent South Carolina secession. In 1804, in a compromise on the slavery issue, Jefferson and Congress banned domestic slave trafficking for one year into the Louisiana Territory. In 1806 he officially called for anti-slavery legislation terminating the import or export of slaves. Congress passed the law in 1807.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Historian Henry Wiencek said Jefferson "rationalized an abomination to the point where an absolute moral reversal was reached and he made slavery fit into America's national enterprise."

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: On the contrary, historian and biographer John Ferling stated that Jefferson was "zealously committed to slavery's abolition".

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: In July 2017, the TJF announced that archeological excavations at Monticello had revealed what they believe to have been Sally Hemings's quarters, adjacent to Jefferson's bedroom. In 2018, the TJF said that it considered the issue "a settled historical matter." Since the results of the DNA tests were made public, the consensus among most historians has been that Jefferson had a sexual relationship with Sally Hemings and that he was the father of her son Eston Hemings.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: After Thomas Jefferson's death, although not formally manumitted, Sally Hemings was allowed by Jefferson's daughter Martha to live in Charlottesville as a free woman with her two sons until her death in 1835. The Monticello Association refused to allow Sally Hemings' descendants the right of burial at Monticello.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson was a farmer, obsessed with new crops, soil conditions, garden designs, and scientific agricultural techniques. His main cash crop was tobacco, but its price was usually low and it was rarely profitable. He tried to achieve self-sufficiency with wheat, vegetables, flax, corn, hogs, sheep, poultry, and cattle to supply his family, slaves, and employees, but he lived perpetually beyond his means and was always in debt.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: In the field of architecture, Jefferson helped popularize the Neo-Palladian style in the United States utilizing designs for the Virginia State Capitol, the University of Virginia, Monticello, and others. Jefferson mastered architecture through self-study, using various books and classical architectural designs of the day. His primary authority was Andrea Palladio's 1570 "The Four Books of Architecture", which outlines the principles of classical design.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: He was interested in birds and wine, and was a noted gourmet; he was also a prolific writer and linguist, and spoke several languages. As a naturalist, he was fascinated by the Natural Bridge geological formation, and in 1774 successfully acquired the Bridge by a grant from George III.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson served as APS president for the next eighteen years, including through both terms of his presidency. He introduced Meriwether Lewis to the society, where various scientists tutored him in preparation for the Lewis and Clark Expedition. He resigned on January 20, 1815, but remained active through correspondence.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson was not an outstanding orator and preferred to communicate through writing or remain silent if possible. Instead of delivering his State of the Union addresses himself, Jefferson wrote the annual messages and sent a representative to read them aloud in Congress. This started a tradition that continued until 1913 when President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921) chose to deliver his own State of the Union address.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: As Minister to France, Jefferson was impressed by the military standardization program known as the "Système Gribeauval", and initiated a program as president to develop interchangeable parts for firearms. For his inventiveness and ingenuity, he received several honorary Doctor of Law degrees.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Noting the huge output of scholarly books on Jefferson in recent years, historian Gordon Wood summarizes the raging debates about Jefferson's stature: "Although many historians and others are embarrassed about his contradictions and have sought to knock him off the democratic pedestal ... his position, though shaky, still seems secure."

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: Jefferson has been memorialized with buildings, sculptures, postage, and currency. In the 1920s, Jefferson, together with George Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln, was chosen by sculptor Gutzon Borglum and approved by President Calvin Coolidge to be depicted in stone at the Mount Rushmore Memorial.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: The Jefferson Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C. in 1943, on the 200th anniversary of Jefferson's birth. The interior of the memorial includes a statue of Jefferson by Rudulph Evans and engravings of passages from Jefferson's writings. Most prominent are the words inscribed around the monument near the roof: "I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man."

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Thomas Jefferson

Context: In October 2021, in response to lobbying by activists, the New York City Public Design Commission voted unanimously to remove a statue of the former president from the New York City Council chamber where it had stood for more than a century. The statue was taken down in November 2021.

Question: Kuinka monta sisarusta Thomas Jeffersonilla oli?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland () is a state in northeastern India. It is bordered by the state of Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south and the Sagaing Region of Myanmar to the east. Its capital city is Kohima and its largest city is Dimapur. It has an area of with a population of 1,980,602 per the 2011 Census of India, making it one of India's smallest states.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland became the 16th state of India on 1 December 1963. It has experienced insurgency and inter-ethnic conflict since the 1950s, limiting its economic development.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Agriculture is the state's most important economic activity, accounting for over 70% of its economy. Other significant activities include forestry, tourism, insurance, real estate, and miscellaneous cottage industries.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland lies between the parallels of 95 and 94 degrees east longitude and 25.2 and 27.0 degrees latitude north. It is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The ancient history of the Nagas is unclear. Tribes migrated at different times, each settling in the northeastern part of present India and establishing their respective sovereign mountain terrains and village-states. There are no records of whether they came from the northern Mongolian region, southeast Asia or southwest China, except that their origins are from the east of India and that historical records show the present-day Naga people settled before the arrival of the Ahoms in 1228 CE.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The origin of the word 'Naga' is also unclear. A popularly accepted, but controversial, view is that it originated from the Burmese word "Na-Ka"' or 'Naga', meaning "people with earrings." Others suggest it means pierced noses. Both Naka and Naga are pronounced the same way in Burmese.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Before the arrival of European colonialism in South Asia, there had been many wars, persecution and raids from Burma on Naga tribes, Meitei people and others in India's northeast. The invaders came for "head hunting" and to seek wealth and captives from these tribes and ethnic groups. When the British inquired Burmese guides about the people living in the northern Himalayas, they were told 'Naka'. This was recorded as 'Naga' and has been in use thereafter.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: On 4 October 1879, British political agent G.H. Damant went to Khonoma with troops, where he was shot dead with 35 of his team. Kohima was subsequently attacked and the stockade looted. This violence led to a determined effort by the British Raj to return and respond. The subsequent defeat of Khonoma marked the end of serious and persistent ultimatums in the Naga Hills.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: In parallel, since the mid-19th century, Christian missionaries from the United States and Europe, stationed in India, reached into Nagaland and neighbouring states, converting Nagaland's Naga tribes from animism to Christianity.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: In 1944 during World War II, the Japanese Army, with the help of the Indian National Army led by Netaji Subhashchandra Bose, invaded through Burma and attempted to take India through Kohima. The population was evacuated. British India soldiers defended the area of Kohima and having lost many of their original force were relieved by British in June 1944.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The battle was fought from 4 April to 22 June 1944 from the town of Kohima, coordinated with action at Imphal, Manipur. The Indian National Army lost half their numbers, many through starvation, and were forced to withdraw through Burma.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: In 1929, a memorandum was submitted to the Simon Statutory Commission, requesting that the Nagas be exempt from reforms and new taxes proposed in British India, should be left alone to determine their own future. This Naga Memorandum stated,

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Jawaharlal Nehru replied to the memorandum and welcomed the Nagas to join the Union of India promising local autonomy and safeguards. On 9 April 1946, the Naga National Council (NNC) submitted a memorandum to the British Cabinet Mission during its visit to Delhi. The crux of the memorandum stated that: "Naga future would not be bound by any arbitrary decision of the British Government and no recommendation would be accepted without consultation".

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: In June 1946, the NNC submitted a four-point memorandum signed by T. Sakhrie; the then Secretary of NNC, to the still-visiting British Cabinet Mission. The memorandum stated that:

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: 3. The Naga Hills should be constitutionally included in an autonomous Assam, in a free India, with local autonomy and due safeguards for the interests of the Nagas;

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: On 1 August 1946, Nehru, President of the Indian National Congress Party in his reply to the memorandum, appealed to the Nagas to join the Union of India promising local autonomy and safeguards in a wide-ranging area of administration. It was after 1946 only that the Nagas had asserted their inalienable right to be a separate nation and an absolute right to live independently.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Over the 5-year period of 2009 to 2013, between 0 and 11 civilians died per year in Nagaland from rebellion related activity (or less than 1 death per 100,000 people), and between 3 and 55 militants deaths per year in inter-factional killings (or between 0 and 3 deaths per 100,000 people).

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The most recent Nagaland Legislative Assembly election took place on 27 February 2018 to elect the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in 59 out of the 60 Assembly Constituencies in the state. The scheduled election in Northern Angami II constituency did not take place as only incumbent MLA Neiphiu Rio was nominated and was therefore declared elected unopposed. A voter turnout of 75% was observed in the 2018 election.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland has a rich birdlife with more than 490 species. The great Indian hornbill has a place in Naga culture. Blyth's tragopan, a vulnerable species of galliform, is the state bird of Nagaland. It is sighted in Mount Japfü and Dzüko Valley of Kohima District, Satoi range in Zünheboto District and Pfütsero in Phek District. The state is also known as the "falcon capital of the world."

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Mithun (a semi-domesticated gaur) is the state animal of Nagaland and has been adopted as the official seal of the Government of Nagaland. It is ritually the most valued species in the state. To conserve and protect this animal in the northeast, the National Research Centre on Mithun (NRCM) was established by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in 1988.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland is home to 396 species of orchids, belonging to 92 genera of which 54 having horticultural and medicinal economic importance. "Kopou" (pictured right) is also used for festive hairstyle decoration by women in India's northeast.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Several preliminary studies indicate significant recoverable reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Limestone, marble and other decorative stone reserves are plentiful, and other as yet unexploited minerals include iron, nickel, chromium, and cobalt.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The Nagaland population is largely rural with 71.14% living in rural regions in 2011. Census reports up to 1951 listed just one settlement in Nagaland as a town, the capital Kohima. The next two settlements, Dimapur and Mokokchung were listed as towns from 1961. Four more towns appeared in 1981, Tuensang, Wokha, Mon and Zünheboto.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The relatively slow rate of urbanisation in Nagaland was described in the 1980s as being an effect of (a) the largely administrative roles of the towns, except for Dimapur which had a more diversified economy, and (b) a low level of mobility among the tribes of Nagaland, scheduled tribes constituting nearly 90% of the population.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The population of Nagaland consists of almost 1.9 million people, of which 1.04 million are males and 0.95 million females. Among its districts, Dimapur has the largest population (379,769), followed by Kohima (270,063). The least populated district is Longleng (50,593). 75% of the population lives in the rural areas. As of 2013, about 10% of rural population is below the poverty line; among the people living in urban areas 4.3% of them are below the poverty line.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The state showed a population drop between 2001 census to 2011 census, the only state to show a population drop in the census. This has been attributed, by scholars, to incorrect counting in past censuses; the 2011 census in Nagaland is considered most reliable so far.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Other major towns (and 2011 census populations) are Tuensang (36,774), Mokokchung (35,913), Wokha (35,004), Mon (26,328), Chümoukedima (25,885), Zünheboto (22,633), Kiphire (16,487), Kuda (16,108), Kohima Village (15,734), Phek (14,204), Pfutsero (10,371) and Diphupar 'A' (10,246).

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The state is home to 17 major tribes — Angami, Ao, Chakhesang, Chang, Kachari, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Kuki, Lotha, Phom, Pochury, Rengma, Sangtam, Sümi, Tikhir, Yimkhiung and Zeme-Liangmai (Zeliang).

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: There are also sizable populations of non-tribal communities like Bengalis, Marwaris, Nepalis, Punjabis and others living mostly around Dimapur City.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Naga people form the majority of the population. According to the 2011 census there are 2 million people living in Nagaland. The Naga people number around 1.8 million in the state, constituting over 90% of the population. These belong mostly to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Shafer came up with his own classification system for languages found in and around Nagaland. Each tribe has one or more dialects that are unintelligible to others.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: In 1967, the Nagaland Assembly proclaimed Indian English as the official language of Nagaland and it is the medium for education in Nagaland. Other than English, Nagamese, a creole language based on Assamese, is widely spoken.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The state's population is 1.978 million, out of which 88% are Christians. The census of 2011 recorded the state's Christian population at 1,739,651, making it one of the three Christian-majority states in India along with Meghalaya and Mizoram. The state has a very high church attendance rate in both urban and rural areas. Huge churches dominate the skylines of Kohima, Chümoukedima, Dimapur, Wokha and Mokokchung.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland is known as "the only predominantly Baptist state in the world" and "the most Baptist state in the world." Catholics, Revivalists, Pentecostals and Seventh-day Adventist are the other Christian denominations. Catholics are found in significant numbers in parts of Phek district, Wokha district and Kohima district as well as in the urban areas of Kohima and Dimapur.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Hinduism is the second largest religion in Nagaland. Hindus are concentrated mainly in Dimapur district (28.75%) and Kohima district (9.51%). Dimapur Kalibari is a famous temple in Nagaland.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: There are also folk religions practiced by some Nagas, specially among the Zeliangrongs (Zemes and Rongmeis) but few among other Naga tribes.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The governor is the constitutional head of state, representative of the President of India. He possesses largely ceremonial responsibilities apart from law and order responsibilities.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The Democratic Alliance of Nagaland (DAN) is a state level coalition of political parties. It headed the government with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Janata Dal (United) (JDU). It was formed in 2003 after the Nagaland Legislative Assembly election, with the Naga People's Front (NPF), and the BJP. The alliance was in power in Nagaland from 2003 to 2018.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The NDPP-BJP-NPF alliance led UDA government has won the majority in 2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election and has been in power since then.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Nagaland was about in 2011–12. Nagaland's GSDP grew at 9.9% compounded annually for a decade, thus more than doubling the per capita income.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Most of the state's population, about 68 percent, depends on rural cultivation. The main crops are rice, millet, maize, and pulses. Cash crops, like sugarcane and potato, are also grown in some parts.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Forestry is also an important source of income. Cottage industries such as weaving, woodwork, and pottery are an important source of revenue.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Tourism has a lot of potentials but was largely limited due to insurgency and concern of violence over the last five decades. More recently, a number of Small Medium Enterprises and private sector companies have actively promoted Nagaland tourism, helping initiate a growing tourism market. Tourism experts contend that the state's uniqueness and strategic location in northeast India give Nagaland an advantage in tapping into the tourism sector for economic growth.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The state generates 87.98 MU compared to a demand for 242.88 MU. This deficit requires Nagaland to buy power. The state has significant hydroelectric potential, which if realised could make the state a power surplus state. In terms of power distribution, every village and town, and almost every household has an electricity connection; but, this infrastructure is not effective given the power shortage in the state.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Tourism experts contend that the state's uniqueness and strategic location in northeast India give Nagaland an advantage in tapping into the tourism sector for economic growth. The state has been extremely successful in promoting the great Hornbill Festival, which attracts Indian and foreign tourists alike.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The key thrusts of Nagaland's tourism are its rich culture, showcasing of history and wildlife. Tourism infrastructure is rapidly improving and experts contend this is no longer an issue as was in the past. Local initiatives and tourism pioneers are now beginning to promote a socially responsible tourism model involving the participation of the councils, village elders, the church and the youth.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: After a gap of almost 20 years, Nagaland state Chief Minister, T. R. Zeliang launched the resumption of oil exploration in Changpang and Tsori areas, under Wokha district in July 2014. The exploration will be carried out by the Metropolitan Oil & Gas Pvt. Ltd. Zeliang has alleged failures and disputed payments made to the statement made by the previous explorer, the state-owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland is known in India as the land of festivals. The diversity of people and tribes, each with their own culture and heritage, creates a year-long atmosphere of celebrations. In addition, the state celebrates all the Christian festivities. Traditional tribe-related festivals revolve round agriculture, as a vast majority of the population of Nagaland is directly dependent on agriculture. Some of the significant festivals for each major tribe are:

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Hornbill Festival was launched by the Government of Nagaland in December 2000 to encourage inter-tribal interaction and to promote cultural heritage of the state. Organized by the State Tourism Department and Art & Culture Department. Hornbill Festival showcases a mélange of cultural displays under one roof. This festival takes place between 1 and 10 December every year.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: It is held at Naga Heritage Village, Kisama which is about 12  km from Kohima. All the tribes of Nagaland take part in this festival. The aim of the festival is to revive and protect the rich culture of Nagaland and display its history, culture and traditions.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland's rugged and mountainous landscape presents a major challenge to the infrastructural development of transport. Roads are the backbone of Nagaland's transportation network. The state has over 15,000 km of surfaced roads, but these are not satisfactorily maintained given the weather damage. Yet, in terms of population served for each kilometre of surfaced road, Nagaland is the second best state in the region after Arunachal Pradesh.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Guwahati, Imphal, and Dibrugarh. It is located from Dimapur, and from Kohima. The airport's asphalt runway is 7513 feet long, at an elevation of 487 feet. Alongside Dimapur Airport another airport is planned.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland was first connected to the railway line in 1903 when the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) wide metre-gauge railway track earlier laid by Assam Bengal Railway from Chittagong to Lumding was extended to Tinsukia on the Dibru–Sadiya line.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The railway network in the state is minimal with the Dimapur railway station on the Lumding–Dibrugarh rail section as the only railway station in Nagaland. Broad-gauge lines run , National Highway roads , and state roads .

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: As part of the Indian Railways' ambitious plan to connect all the capitals of the north-eastern states by broad-gauge rail link, railway minister Suresh Prabhu laid the foundation stone of the 88-km rail line to bring Kohima (Dhansiri–Zubza line), the capital of Nagaland, on the railway map of India. The project will be executed in three phases.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Nagaland's schools are run by the state and central government or by a private organisation. Instruction is mainly in English — the official language of Nagaland. Under the 10+2+3 plan, after passing the Higher Secondary Examination (the grade 12 examination), students may enroll in general or professional degree programs.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: Along with one central university–(Nagaland University), one engineering college—(National Institute of Technology Nagaland), one College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry in Jalukie and three private Universities—St. Joseph University, Nagaland, Northeast Christian University and Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India University (ICFAI University, Nagaland).

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: The 17 main tribes of Nagaland are Angami, Ao, Chakhesang, Chang, Dimasa Kachari, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Kuki, Lotha, Phom, Pochury, Rengma, Sangtam, Sümi, Yimkhiung, Tikhir Naga and Zeliang. The Angamis, Aos, Konyaks, Lothas, and Sümis are the largest Naga ethnic groups; there are several smaller tribes as well.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: "Kene" or "Naga wrestling" is a folk wrestling style and traditional sport of the Nagas. The objective of the sport is to bring any part of the opponent's body above the knee to the ground.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: "Aki Kiti" or "Sümi kick fighting" is a traditional combat sport originating from and was practiced by the Sümi Nagas. It is characterized by kicking and blocking solely using the soles of the feet. The sporting event served the purpose of righting wrongs, restoring honour, or "settling scores" between tribes and tribesmen without resorting to violence. It was practiced during tribal ceremonies.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Nagaland

Context: In Naga society, individuals were expected to find their place in the social hierarchy, and prestige was the key to maintaining or increasing social status. To achieve these goals a man, whatever his ascendancy, had to be a headhunter or great warrior, have many sexual conquests among women, or complete a series of merit feasts.

Question: Millainen ilmasto Nagalandilla vallitsee?


Hades

Context: The Etruscan god Aita and the Roman gods Dis Pater and Orcus were eventually taken as equivalent to Hades and merged into Pluto, a Latinization of Plouton (), itself a euphemistic title often given to Hades.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: In Homeric and Ionic Greek, he was known as "Áïdēs". Other poetic variations of the name include "Aïdōneús" () and the inflected forms "Áïdos" (, gen.), "Áïdi" (, dat.), and "Áïda" (, acc.), whose reconstructed nominative case *"Áïs" () is, however, not attested. The name as it came to be known in classical times was "Háidēs" (). Later the iota became silent, then a subscript marking (), and finally omitted entirely ().

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: Epithets of Hades include "Agesander" () and "Agesilaos" (), both from "ágō" (, "lead", "carry" or "fetch") and "anḗr" (, "man") or "laos" (, "men" or "people"), describing Hades as the god who carries away all. Nicander uses the form "Hegesilaus" ().

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: Despite modern connotations of death as evil, Hades was actually more altruistically inclined in mythology. Hades was portrayed as passive and never portrayed negatively; his role was often maintaining relative balance. That said, he was also depicted as cold and stern, and he held all of his subjects equally accountable to his laws. Any other individual aspects of his personality are not given, as Greeks refrained from giving him much thought to avoid attracting his attention.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: The hero Orpheus once descended into the Underworld in search of his late wife Eurydice, who died when a snake bit her. So lovely was the music he played that it charmed even Hades (as well as his wife Persephone), who allowed him to take Eurydice to the land of the living, as long as he did not look back at her on his way out.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: In the myth of Admetus and Alcestis, after Alcestis chose to die in place of her husband Admetus in order to save him, Heracles brought her back from the dead by fighting and defeating Hades. In other versions, like Euripides' play "Alcestis", Heracles fought Thanatos instead. At another time, Heracles sieged the town of Pylos and during the fight he wounded Hades, who had sided with the Pylians. In great pain, Hades went to Olympus to be healed by the physician of the gods, Paean.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: Hades is considered the father of the Furies in some versions, but the mother's identity varies. in Virgil's "Aeneid" their mother is the night goddess Nyx and in the "Orphic Hymns" their mother is Persephone by Hades. One of the rare occasions when he appears interacting with them is in Statius's "Thebaid", when Hades orders Tisiphone to punish humans for having invaded the Underworld. He is said to hate Alecto, even though she is one of his children.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: According to Hesiod, when the monstrous Typhon attacked the Olympian gods, Hades is said to have trembled in fear in the Underworld while Zeus fought Typhon above.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: In one of Plato's dialogues, Socrates talks about Hades as a figure capable of making everyone falls by his enchantments and that is why no one ever leaves the Underworld, including the sirens.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: He spent most of the time in his dark realm. Formidable in battle, he proved his ferocity in the famous Titanomachy, the battle of the Olympians versus the Titans, which established the rule of Zeus.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: As Pluto, he was regarded in a more positive light. He holds a cornucopia, representing the gifts he bestows upon people as well as fertility, which he becomes connected to.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: In older Greek myths, the realm of Hades is the misty and gloomy abode of the dead (also called Erebus) where all mortals go when they die. Very few mortals could leave Hades once they entered. The exceptions, Heracles and Theseus, are heroic. Even Odysseus in his "Nekyia" ("Odyssey", xi) calls up the spirits of the departed, rather than descend to them. Later Greek philosophy introduced the idea that all mortals are judged after death and are either rewarded or cursed.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: There were several sections of the realm of Hades, including Elysium, the Asphodel Meadows, and Tartarus. The mythographer Apollodorus, describes Tartarus as "a gloomy place in Hades as far distant from Earth, as Earth is distant from the sky." Greek mythographers were not perfectly consistent about the geography of the afterlife. A contrasting myth of the afterlife concerns the Garden of the Hesperides, often identified with the Isles of the Blessed, where the blessed heroes may dwell.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: The five rivers of the realm of Hades, and their symbolic meanings, are Acheron (the river of sorrow, or woe), Cocytus (lamentation), Phlegethon (fire), Lethe (oblivion), and Styx (hate), the river upon which even the gods swore and in which Achilles was dipped to render him invincible. The Styx forms the boundary between the upper and lower worlds. See also Eridanos.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: The first region of Hades comprises the Fields of Asphodel, described in "Odyssey" xi, where the shades of heroes wander despondently among lesser spirits, who twitter around them like bats. Only libations of blood offered to them in the world of the living can reawaken in them for a time the sensations of humanity.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Hades

Context: In the Sibylline oracles, a curious hodgepodge of Greco-Roman and Judaeo-Christian elements, Hades again appears as the abode of the dead, and by way of folk etymology, it even derives "Hades" from the name Adam (the first man), saying it is because he was the first to enter there. Owing to its appearance in the New Testament of the Bible, Hades also has a distinct meaning in Christianity.

Question: Missä Hadeksen sanotaan asuvan?


Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty

Context: The Komnenoi also made a significant contribution to the history of Asia Minor. By reconquering much of the region, the Komnenoi set back the advance of the Turks in Anatolia by more than two centuries. In the process, they planted the foundations of the Byzantine successor states of Nicaea, Epirus and Trebizond. Meanwhile, their extensive programme of fortifications has left an enduring mark upon the Anatolian landscape, which can still be appreciated today.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: The Komnenian era was born out of a period of great difficulty and strife for the Byzantine Empire. Following a period of relative success and expansion under the Macedonian dynasty (c. 867–c. 1054), Byzantium experienced several decades of stagnation and decline, which culminated in a vast deterioration in the military, territorial, economic and political situation of the Byzantine Empire by the accession of Alexios I Komnenos in 1081.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: Meanwhile, the remnants of the once-formidable armed forces were allowed to decay, to the point where they were no longer capable of functioning as an army. Elderly men with ill-maintained equipment mixed with new recruits who had never participated in a training exercise.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: At the very outset of his reign, Alexios had to meet the formidable threat of the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemond of Taranto, who took Dyrrhachium and Corfu, and laid siege to Larissa in Thessaly (see Battle of Dyrrhachium). Alexios led his forces in person against the Normans, yet despite his best efforts his army was destroyed in the field. Alexios himself was wounded, but the death of Robert Guiscard in 1085 led to the Norman danger receding for a time.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: In 1087, Alexios faced a new invasion. This time the invaders consisted of a horde of 80,000 Pechenegs from north of the Danube, and they were heading for Constantinople. Without enough troops to repel this new threat, Alexios used diplomacy to achieve a victory against the odds. Having bribed the Cumans, another barbarian tribe, to come to his aid, he advanced against the Pechenegs, who were caught by surprise and annihilated at the Battle of Levounion on 28 April 1091.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: With stability at last achieved in the west, Alexios now had a chance to begin solving his severe economic difficulties and the disintegration of the empire's traditional defences. In order to reestablish the army, Alexios began to build a new force on the basis of feudal grants ("próniai") and prepared to advance against the Seljuks, who had conquered Asia Minor and were now established at Nicaea.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: On 27 November 1095, Urban II called together the Council of Clermont in France. There, amid a crowd of thousands who had come to hear his words, he urged all present to take up arms under the banner of the Cross and launch a holy war to recover Jerusalem and the east from the 'infidel' Muslims. Indulgences were to be granted to all those who took part in the great enterprise. Many promised to carry out the Pope's command, and word of the Crusade soon spread across western Europe.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: Alexios's son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. On account of his mild and just reign, he has been called the Byzantine Marcus Aurelius. John was unusual for his lack of cruelty—despite his long reign, he never had anyone killed or blinded. He was loved by his subjects, who gave him the name 'John the Good'. He was also an energetic campaigner, spending much of his life in army camps and personally supervising sieges.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: John, like Basil II before him, was a slow but steady campaigner. His armies made careful, measured gains over time, rarely exposing themselves to excessive risks, but nevertheless advancing inexorably towards their objectives. However, the Turks were resilient, and they did not allow themselves to be decisively defeated in any one engagement. They knew that it was difficult for the emperor to remain in one theatre of war for a long time, as events elsewhere often intervened that required his attention.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: It has recently been argued that a '12th century renaissance' occurred in Byzantium. Although the term does not enjoy widespread usage, it is beyond doubt that 12th century Byzantium witnessed major cultural developments, which were largely underpinned by rapid economic expansion.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: The new wealth being generated during this period had a positive impact on Byzantine cultural life. In artistic terms, the twelfth century was a very productive period in Byzantine history. There was a revival in the mosaic art, and regional schools of Architecture began producing many distinctive styles that drew on a range of cultural influences.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: Andronikos Komnenos was a man of astounding contrasts. Handsome and eloquent, the new emperor was at the same time known for his licentious exploits. He was energetic, able and determined, but also capable of terrifying brutality, violence and cruelty.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: There were several revolts, leading to an invasion by King William II of Sicily. On September 11, 1185, during his absence from the capital, Stephen Hagiochristophorites moved to arrest Isaac Angelos, whose loyalty was suspect. Isaac killed Hagiochristophorites and took refuge in the church of Hagia Sophia. He appealed to the populace, and a tumult arose which spread rapidly over the whole city.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Context: The Komnenian period was followed by the dynasty of the Angeloi, who oversaw perhaps the most crucial period in the Decline of the Byzantine Empire. The next quarter of a century would see Constantinople fall to an invading force for the first time in its history, and the final loss of the empire's 'great power' status. However, with the death of Andronikos, the Komnenian dynasty, having lasted 104 years, had finally come to an end.

Question: Kuka hallitsi Aleksios I Komnenos ennen?


Guitar

Context: The modern word "guitar," and its antecedents, has been applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times and as such causes confusion. The English word "guitar," the German "," and the French ' were all adopted from the Spanish ', which comes from the Andalusian Arabic (') and the Latin ', which in turn came from the Ancient Greek . Kithara appears in the Bible four times (1 Cor. 14:7, Rev. 5:8, 14:2 and 15:2), and is usually translated into English as "harp".

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: At least two instruments called "guitars" were in use in Spain by 1200: the ' (Latin guitar) and the so-called ' (Moorish guitar). The guitarra morisca had a rounded back, wide fingerboard, and several sound holes. The guitarra Latina had a single sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers "moresca" or "morisca" and "latina" had been dropped, and these two chordophones were simply referred to as guitars.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Meanwhile, the five-course baroque guitar, which was documented in Spain from the middle of the 16th century, enjoyed popularity, especially in Spain, Italy and France from the late 16th century to the mid-18th century. In Portugal, the word "viola" referred to the guitar, as "guitarra" meant the "Portuguese guitar", a variety of cittern.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Guitars can be divided into two broad categories, acoustic and electric guitars. Within each of these categories, there are also further sub-categories. For example, an electric guitar can be purchased in a six-string model (the most common model) or in seven- or twelve-string models.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Acoustic guitars form several notable subcategories within the acoustic guitar group: classical and flamenco guitars; steel-string guitars, which include the flat-topped, or "folk", guitar; twelve-string guitars; and the arched-top guitar. The acoustic guitar group also includes unamplified guitars designed to play in different registers, such as the acoustic bass guitar, which has a similar tuning to that of the electric bass guitar.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: All three principal types of resonator guitars were invented by the Slovak-American John Dopyera (1893–1988) for the National and Dobro (Dopyera Brothers) companies. Similar to the flat top guitar in appearance, but with a body that may be made of brass, nickel-silver, or steel as well as wood, the sound of the resonator guitar is produced by one or more aluminum resonator cones mounted in the middle of the top. The physical principle of the guitar is therefore similar to the loudspeaker.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: The twelve-string guitar usually has steel strings, and it is widely used in folk music, blues, and rock and roll. Rather than having only six strings, the 12-string guitar has six courses made up of two strings each, like a mandolin or lute. The highest two courses are tuned in unison, while the others are tuned in octaves. The 12-string guitar is also made in electric forms. The chime-like sound of the 12-string electric guitar was the basis of jangle pop.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Some electric guitar models feature piezoelectric pickups, which function as transducers to provide a sound closer to that of an acoustic guitar with the flip of a switch or knob, rather than switching guitars. Those that combine piezoelectric pickups and magnetic pickups are sometimes known as hybrid guitars.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Hybrids of acoustic and electric guitars are also common. There are also more exotic varieties, such as guitars with two, three, or rarely four necks, all manner of alternate string arrangements, fretless fingerboards (used almost exclusively on bass guitars, meant to emulate the sound of a stand-up bass), 5.1 surround guitar, and such.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Instruments with larger areas for the guitar top were introduced by Martin in an attempt to create greater volume levels. The popularity of the larger "dreadnought" body size amongst acoustic performers is related to the greater sound volume produced.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Traditional electromagnetic pickups are either single-coil or double-coil. Single-coil pickups are susceptible to noise induced by stray electromagnetic fields, usually mains-frequency (60 or 50 hertz) hum. The introduction of the double-coil humbucker in the mid-1950s solved this problem through the use of two coils, one of which is wired in opposite polarity to cancel or "buck" stray fields.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: The types and models of pickups used can greatly affect the tone of the guitar. Typically, humbuckers, which are two magnet-coil assemblies attached to each other, are traditionally associated with a heavier sound. Single-coil pickups, one magnet wrapped in copper wire, are used by guitarists seeking a brighter, twangier sound with greater dynamic range.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Modern pickups are tailored to the sound desired. A commonly applied approximation used in the selection of a pickup is that less wire (lower electrical impedance) gives a brighter sound, more wire gives a "fat" tone. Other options include specialized switching that produces coil-splitting, in/out of phase and other effects. Guitar circuits are either active, needing a battery to power their circuit, or, as in most cases, equipped with a passive circuit.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Fender Stratocaster-type guitars generally utilize three single-coil pickups, while most Gibson Les Paul types use humbucker pickups.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Most pickup-equipped guitars feature onboard controls, such as volume or tone, or pickup selection. At their simplest, these consist of passive components, such as potentiometers and capacitors, but may also include specialized integrated circuits or other active components requiring batteries for power, for preamplification and signal processing, or even for electronic tuning. In many cases, the electronics have some sort of shielding to prevent pickup of external interference and noise.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: MIDI converters use a hexaphonic guitar signal to determine pitch, duration, attack, and decay characteristics. The MIDI sends the note information to an internal or external sound bank device. The resulting sound closely mimics numerous instruments. The MIDI setup can also let the guitar be used as a game controller (i.e., Rock Band Squier) or as an instructional tool, as with the Fretlight Guitar.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: The table below shows a pitch's name found over the six strings of a guitar in standard tuning, from the nut (zero), to the twelfth fret.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: For four strings, the 5th fret on one string is the same open-note as the next string; for example, a 5th-fret note on the sixth string is the same note as the open fifth string. However, between the second and third strings, an irregularity occurs: The "4th"-fret note on the third string is equivalent to the open second string.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Standard tuning has evolved to provide a good compromise between simple fingering for many chords and the ability to play common scales with reasonable left-hand movement. There are also a variety of commonly used alternative tunings, for example, the classes of "open", "regular", and "dropped" tunings.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: For the standard tuning, there is exactly one interval of a major third between the second and third strings, and all the other intervals are fourths. The irregularity has a price – chords cannot be shifted around the fretboard in the standard tuning E-A-D-G-B-E, which requires four chord-shapes for the major chords. There are separate chord-forms for chords having their root note on the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth strings.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: On the other hand, some chords are more difficult to play in a regular tuning than in standard tuning. It can be difficult to play conventional chords, especially in augmented-fourths tuning and all-fifths tuning, in which the large spacings require hand stretching. Some chords, which are conventional in folk music, are difficult to play even in all-fourths and major-thirds tunings, which do not require more hand-stretching than standard tuning.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Another class of alternative tunings is called drop tunings, because the tuning "drops down" the lowest string. Dropping down the lowest string a whole tone results in the "drop-D" (or "dropped D") tuning. Its open-string notes DADGBE (from low to high) allow for a deep bass D note, which can be used in keys such as D major, d minor and G major. It simplifies the playing of simple fifths (powerchords). Many contemporary rock bands re-tune all strings down, making, for example, Drop-C or Drop-B tunings.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Many scordatura (alternate tunings) modify the standard tuning of the lute, especially when playing Renaissance music repertoire originally written for that instrument. Some scordatura drop the pitch of one or more strings, giving access to new lower notes. Some scordatura makes it easier to play in unusual keys.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Though a guitar may be played on its own, there are a variety of common accessories used for holding and playing the guitar.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


Guitar

Context: Thumb picks and finger picks that attach to the fingertips are sometimes employed in finger-picking styles on steel strings. These allow the fingers and thumb to operate independently, whereas a flat pick requires the thumb and one or two fingers to manipulate.

Question: Kuka keksi kitaran?


IPv4

Context: IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space which provides 4,294,967,296 (232) unique addresses, but large blocks are reserved for special networking purposes.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: Internet Protocol version 4 is described in IETF publication RFC 791 (September 1981), replacing an earlier definition of January 1980 (RFC 760). In March 1982, the US Department of Defense decided on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) as the standard for all military computer networking.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The Internet Protocol is the protocol that defines and enables internetworking at the internet layer of the Internet Protocol Suite. In essence it forms the Internet. It uses a logical addressing system and performs "routing", which is the forwarding of packets from a source host to the next router that is one hop closer to the intended destination host on another network.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: IPv4 is a connectionless protocol, and operates on a best-effort delivery model, in that it does not guarantee delivery, nor does it assure proper sequencing or avoidance of duplicate delivery. These aspects, including data integrity, are addressed by an upper layer transport protocol, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: IPv4 reserves special address blocks for private networks (~18 million addresses) and multicast addresses (~270 million addresses).

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: IPv4 addresses may be represented in any notation expressing a 32-bit integer value. They are most often written in dot-decimal notation, which consists of four octets of the address expressed individually in decimal numbers and separated by periods.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: For example, the quad-dotted IP address "192.0.2.235" represents the 32-bit decimal number 3221226219, which in hexadecimal format is 0xC00002EB.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: CIDR notation combines the address with its routing prefix in a compact format, in which the address is followed by a slash character (/) and the count of leading consecutive "1" bits in the routing prefix (subnet mask).

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: In the original design of IPv4, an IP address was divided into two parts: the network identifier was the most significant octet of the address, and the host identifier was the rest of the address. The latter was also called the "rest field". This structure permitted a maximum of 256 network identifiers, which was quickly found to be inadequate.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and IANA have restricted from general use various reserved IP addresses for special purposes. Notably these addresses are used for multicast traffic and to provide addressing space for unrestricted uses on private networks.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: Of the approximately four billion addresses defined in IPv4, about 18 million addresses in three ranges are reserved for use in private networks. Packets addresses in these ranges are not routable in the public Internet; they are ignored by all public routers. Therefore, private hosts cannot directly communicate with public networks, but require network address translation at a routing gateway for this purpose.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: Since two private networks, e.g., two branch offices, cannot directly interoperate via the public Internet, the two networks must be bridged across the Internet via a virtual private network (VPN) or an IP tunnel, which encapsulates packets, including their headers containing the private addresses, in a protocol layer during transmission across the public network. Additionally, encapsulated packets may be encrypted for transmission across public networks to secure the data.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: When the address block was reserved, no standards existed for address autoconfiguration. Microsoft created an implementation called Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), which was deployed on millions of machines and became a de facto standard. Many years later, in May 2005, the IETF defined a formal standard in RFC 3927, entitled "Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses".

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The class A network 127.0.0.0 (classless network 127.0.0.0/8) is reserved for loopback. IP packets whose source addresses belong to this network should never appear outside a host. Packets received on a non-loopback interface with a loopback source or destination address must be dropped.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The first address in a subnet is used to identify the subnet itself. In this address all host bits are "0". To avoid ambiguity in representation, this address is reserved. The last address has all host bits set to "1". It is used as a local broadcast address for sending messages to all devices on the subnet simultaneously. For networks of size /24 or larger, the broadcast address always ends in 255.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: For example, in the subnet 192.168.5.0/24 (subnet mask 255.255.255.0) the identifier 192.168.5.0 is used to refer to the entire subnet. The broadcast address of the network is 192.168.5.255.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: In the past, conflict between network addresses and broadcast addresses arose because some software used non-standard broadcast addresses with zeros instead of ones.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: In networks smaller than /24, broadcast addresses do not necessarily end with 255. For example, a CIDR subnet 203.0.113.16/28 has the broadcast address 203.0.113.31.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: As a special case, a /31 network has capacity for just two hosts. These networks are typically used for point-to-point connections. There is no network identifier or broadcast address for these networks.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: Hosts on the Internet are usually known by names, e.g., www.example.com, not primarily by their IP address, which is used for routing and network interface identification. The use of domain names requires translating, called "resolving", them to addresses and vice versa. This is analogous to looking up a phone number in a phone book using the recipient's name.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The translation between addresses and domain names is performed by the Domain Name System (DNS), a hierarchical, distributed naming system that allows for the subdelegation of namespaces to other DNS servers.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: A unnumbered point-to-point (PtP) link, also called a transit link, is a link that doesn't have an IP network or subnet number associated with it, but still has an IP address. First introduced in 1993, Phil Karn from Qualcomm is credited as the original designer.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The purpose of a transit link is to route datagrams. They are used to free IP addresses from a scarce IP address space or to reduce the management of assigning IP and configuration of interfaces. Previously, every link needed to dedicated /30 or /31 subnet using 2-4 IP addresses per point-to-point link. When a link is unnumbered, a "router-id" is used, a single IP address borrowed from a defined (normally a loopback) interface. The same "router-id" can be used on multiple interfaces.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: One of the disadvantages of unnumbered interfaces is that it is harder to do remote testing and management.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: By the mid-1990s, network address translation (NAT) was used pervasively in network access provider systems, along with strict usage-based allocation policies at the regional and local Internet registries.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The primary address pool of the Internet, maintained by IANA, was exhausted on 3 February 2011, when the last five blocks were allocated to the five RIRs. APNIC was the first RIR to exhaust its regional pool on 15 April 2011, except for a small amount of address space reserved for the transition technologies to IPv6, which is to be allocated under a restricted policy.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: An IP packet consists of a header section and a data section. An IP packet has no data checksum or any other footer after the data section.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: Typically the link layer encapsulates IP packets in frames with a CRC footer that detects most errors, many transport-layer protocols carried by IP also have their own error checking.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The IPv4 packet header consists of 14 fields, of which 13 are required. The 14th field is optional and aptly named: options. The fields in the header are packed with the most significant byte first (big endian), and for the diagram and discussion, the most significant bits are considered to come first (MSB 0 bit numbering). The most significant bit is numbered 0, so the version field is actually found in the four most significant bits of the first byte, for example.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The first header field in an IP packet is the four-bit version field. For IPv4, this is always equal to 4.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The IPv4 header is variable in size due to the optional 14th field (options). The IHL field contains the size of the IPv4 header; it has 4 bits that specify the number of 32-bit words in the header. The minimum value for this field is 5, which indicates a length of 5 × 32 bits = 160 bits = 20 bytes. As a 4-bit field, the maximum value is 15; this means that the maximum size of the IPv4 header is 15 × 32 bits = 480 bits = 60 bytes.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: Originally defined as the type of service (ToS), this field specifies differentiated services (DiffServ) per RFC 2474. Real-time data streaming makes use of the DSCP field. An example is Voice over IP (VoIP), which is used for interactive voice services.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: This field is defined in RFC 3168 and allows end-to-end notification of network congestion without dropping packets. ECN is an optional feature available when both endpoints support it and effective when also supported by the underlying network.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: This field is an identification field and is primarily used for uniquely identifying the group of fragments of a single IP datagram. Some experimental work has suggested using the ID field for other purposes, such as for adding packet-tracing information to help trace datagrams with spoofed source addresses, but RFC 6864 now prohibits any such use.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: A three-bit field follows and is used to control or identify fragments. They are (in order, from most significant to least significant):

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: If the DF flag is set, and fragmentation is required to route the packet, then the packet is dropped. This can be used when sending packets to a host that does not have resources to perform reassembly of fragments. It can also be used for path MTU discovery, either automatically by the host IP software, or manually using diagnostic tools such as ping or traceroute.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: For unfragmented packets, the MF flag is cleared. For fragmented packets, all fragments except the last have the MF flag set. The last fragment has a non-zero Fragment Offset field, differentiating it from an unfragmented packet.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: This field specifies the offset of a particular fragment relative to the beginning of the original unfragmented IP datagram in units of eight-byte blocks. The first fragment has an offset of zero. The 13 bit field allows a maximum offset of (213 – 1) × 8 = 65,528 bytes, which, with the header length included (65,528 + 20 = 65,548 bytes), supports fragmentation of packets exceeding the maximum IP length of 65,535 bytes.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: An eight-bit time to live field limits a datagram's lifetime to prevent network failure in the event of a routing loop. It is specified in seconds, but time intervals less than 1 second are rounded up to 1. In practice, the field is used as a hop count—when the datagram arrives at a router, the router decrements the TTL field by one. When the TTL field hits zero, the router discards the packet and typically sends an ICMP time exceeded message to the sender.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The program "traceroute" sends messages with adjusted TTL values and uses these ICMP time exceeded messages to identify the routers traversed by packets from the source to the destination.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: This field defines the protocol used in the data portion of the IP datagram. IANA maintains a list of IP protocol numbers as directed by RFC 790.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The 16-bit IPv4 header checksum field is used for error-checking of the header. When a packet arrives at a router, the router calculates the checksum of the header and compares it to the checksum field. If the values do not match, the router discards the packet. Errors in the data field must be handled by the encapsulated protocol. Both UDP and TCP have separate checksums that apply to their data.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: When a packet arrives at a router, the router decreases the TTL field in the header. Consequently, the router must calculate a new header checksum.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: This field is the IPv4 address of the sender of the packet. Note that this address may be changed in transit by a network address translation device.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: This field is the IPv4 address of the receiver of the packet. As with the source address, this may be changed in transit by a network address translation device.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The table below shows the defined options for IPv4. The "Option Type" column is derived from the Copied, Option Class, and Option Number bits as defined above.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The packet payload is not included in the checksum. Its contents are interpreted based on the value of the Protocol header field.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: List of IP protocol numbers contains a complete list of payload protocol types. Some of the common payload protocols include:

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: In contrast, IPv6, the next generation of the Internet Protocol, does not allow routers to perform fragmentation; hosts must perform Path MTU Discovery before sending datagrams.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: When a router receives a packet, it examines the destination address and determines the outgoing interface to use and that interface's MTU. If the packet size is bigger than the MTU, and the Do not Fragment (DF) bit in the packet's header is set to 0, then the router may fragment the packet.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The router divides the packet into fragments. The maximum size of each fragment is the outgoing MTU minus the IP header size (20 bytes minimum; 60 bytes maximum). The router puts each fragment into its own packet, each fragment packet having the following changes:

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: For example, for an MTU of 1,500 bytes and a header size of 20 bytes, the fragment offsets would be multiples of formula_1 (0, 185, 370, 555, 740, etc.).

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: It is possible that a packet is fragmented at one router, and that the fragments are further fragmented at another router. For example, a packet of 4,520 bytes, including a 20 bytes IP header is fragmented to two packets on a link with an MTU of 2,500 bytes:

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: The total data size is preserved: 2,480 bytes + 2,020 bytes = 4,500 bytes. The offsets are formula_2 and formula_3.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


IPv4

Context: Also in this case, the "More Fragments" bit remains 1 for all the fragments that came with 1 in them and for the last fragment that arrives, it works as usual, that is the MF bit is set to 0 only in the last one. And of course, the Identification field continues to have the same value in all re-fragmented fragments. This way, even if fragments are re-fragmented, the receiver knows they have initially all started from the same packet.

Question: Milloin IPv4 kehitettiin?


Red Army

Context: The Red Army provided the largest land force in the Allied victory in the European theatre of World War II, and its invasion of Manchuria assisted the unconditional surrender of Imperial Japan. During operations on the Eastern Front, it accounted for 75–80% of casualties the "Wehrmacht" and "Waffen-SS" suffered during the war and ultimately captured the Nazi German capital, Berlin.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The Red Army also fought against national independence movements in the territory of the former Russian Empire, including three military campaigns against the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, in January–February 1918, January–February 1919, and May–October 1920.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The Red Army used special regiments for ethnic minorities, such as the Dungan Cavalry Regiment commanded by the Dungan Magaza Masanchi.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The Red Army also co-operated with armed Bolshevik Party-oriented volunteer units, the Части особого назначения – ЧОН (special task units – "chasti osobogo naznacheniya" – or ChON) from 1919 to 1925.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The Red Army controlled by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic invaded and annexed non-Russian lands helping to create the Soviet Union.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: After four years of warfare, the Red Army's defeat of Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel in the south in 1920

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: allowed the foundation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in December 1922. Historian John Erickson sees 1 February 1924, when Mikhail Frunze became head of the Red Army staff, as marking the ascent of the general staff, which came to dominate Soviet military planning and operations. By 1 October 1924 the Red Army's strength had diminished to 530,000. The list of Soviet Union divisions 1917–1945 details the formations of the Red Army in that time.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The Red Army was involved in armed conflicts in the Republic of China during the Sino-Soviet conflict (1929), the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang (1934), when it was assisted by White Russian forces, and the Xinjiang rebellion (1937) in Northwest China. The Red Army achieved its objectives; it maintained effective control over the Manchurian Chinese Eastern Railway, and successfully installed a pro-Soviet regime in Xinjiang.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The Winter War (, , ) was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939—three months after the start of World War II and the Soviet invasion of Poland. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union on 14 December 1939.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: While the Soviets considered the surrender of Germany to be the end of the “Great Patriotic War", at the earlier Yalta Conference the Soviet Union agreed to enter the Pacific Theater portion of World War II within three months of the end of the war in Europe. This promise was reaffirmed at the Potsdam Conference held in July 1945.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: In November 1923, after the establishment of the Soviet Union, the Russian Narkom of War Affairs was transformed into the Soviet Narkom of War and Marine Affairs.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The Soviet military received ample funding and was innovative in its technology. An American journalist wrote in 1941:

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The early Red Army abandoned the institution of a professional officer corps as a "heritage of tsarism" in the course of the Revolution. In particular, the Bolsheviks condemned the use of the word "officer" and used the word "commander" instead. The Red Army abandoned epaulettes and ranks, using purely functional titles such as "Division Commander", "Corps Commander" and similar titles. Insignia for these functional titles existed, consisting of triangles, squares and rhombuses (so-called "diamonds").

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: In 1924 (2 October) "personal" or "service" categories were introduced, from K1 (section leader, assistant squad leader, senior rifleman, etc.) to K14 (field commander, army commander, military district commander, army commissar and equivalent). Service category insignia again consisted of triangles, squares and rhombuses, but also rectangles (1 – 3, for categories from K7 to K9).

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: In early 1943 a unification of the system saw the abolition of all the remaining functional ranks. The word "officer" became officially endorsed, together with the use of epaulettes, which superseded the previous rank insignia. The ranks and insignia of 1943 did not change much until the last days of the USSR; the contemporary Russian Army uses largely the same system.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: Recently declassified data indicate that in 1937, at the height of the Purges, the Red Army had 114,300 officers, of whom 11,034 were dismissed. In 1938, the Red Army had 179,000 officers, 56% more than in 1937, of whom a further 6,742 were dismissed. In the highest echelons of the Red Army the Purges removed 3 of 5 marshals, 13 of 15 army generals, 8 of 9 admirals, 50 of 57 army corps generals, 154 out of 186 division generals, all 16 army commissars, and 25 of 28 army corps commissars.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The result was that the Red Army officer corps in 1941 had many inexperienced senior officers. While 60% of regimental commanders had two years or more of command experience in June 1941, and almost 80% of rifle division commanders, only 20% of corps commanders, and 5% or fewer army and military district commanders, had the same level of experience.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: By 1940, Stalin began to relent, restoring approximately one-third of previously dismissed officers to duty. However, the effect of the purges would soon manifest itself in the Winter War of 1940, where Red Army forces generally performed poorly against the much smaller Finnish Army, and later during the German invasion of 1941, in which the Germans were able to rout the Soviet defenders partially due to inexperience amongst the Soviet officers.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: In Lithuania, Red Army personnel robbed local shops. Following the fall of East Prussia, Soviet soldiers also carried out rapes in Germany, especially noted in Berlin until the beginning of May 1945. They were often committed by rear echelon units.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


Red Army

Context: The Soviet Union expanded its indigenous arms industry as part of Stalin's industrialisation program in the 1920s and 1930s.

Question: Mikä oli Venäjän puna-armeijan tärkein tavoite?


List of Syrian monarchs

Context: The term Syria was first applied by Herodotus in the 5th century BC to indicate a region generally extending between Anatolia and Egypt. With the advent of the Hellenistic period, Greeks and their Seleucid dynasty used the term "Syria" to designate the region between the Mediterranean and the Euphrates. The usage of the name in referring to the region during the Iron Age (ended 586 BC) is a modern practice.

Question: Kuka oli Syyrian ensimmäinen hallitsija?


List of Syrian monarchs

Context: Diodotus Tryphon, who opposed Demetrius II by raising Antiochus VI to the throne, killed his protege and declared himself king ruling until 138 when the Seleucids unified Syria again.

Question: Kuka oli Syyrian ensimmäinen hallitsija?


List of Syrian monarchs

Context: On 8 March 1920, prince Faysal of the House of Hashim, supported by the Syrian National Congress, declared himself king of the Arab Kingdom of Syria; the kingdom collapsed on 24 July of the same year.

Question: Kuka oli Syyrian ensimmäinen hallitsija?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: The heritage of Lincoln's mother Nancy remains unclear, but it is widely assumed that she was the daughter of Lucy Hanks. Thomas and Nancy married on June 12, 1806, in Washington County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Thomas Lincoln bought or leased farms in Kentucky before losing all but of his land in court disputes over property titles. In 1816, the family moved to Indiana where the land surveys and titles were more reliable. Indiana was a "free" (non-slaveholding) territory, and they settled in an "unbroken forest" in Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. In 1860, Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", but mainly due to land title difficulties.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a farmer, cabinetmaker, and carpenter. At various times, he owned farms, livestock, and town lots, paid taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were members of a Separate Baptists church, which forbade alcohol, dancing, and slavery.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in 1827 obtained clear title to in Indiana, an area which became the Little Pigeon Creek Community.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: On October 5, 1818, Nancy Lincoln died from milk sickness, leaving 11-year-old Sarah in charge of a household including her father, 9-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks. Ten years later, on January 20, 1828, Sarah died while giving birth to a stillborn son, devastating Lincoln.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: On December 2, 1819, Thomas married Sarah Bush Johnston, a widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three children of her own. Abraham became close to his stepmother and called her "Mother". Lincoln disliked the hard labor associated with farm life. His family even said he was lazy, for all his "reading, scribbling, writing, ciphering, writing Poetry, etc.". His stepmother acknowledged he did not enjoy "physical labor", but loved to read.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: In 1865, Lincoln was asked how he came to acquire his rhetorical skills. He answered that in the practice of law he frequently came across the word "demonstrate" but had insufficient understanding of the term. So, he left Springfield for his father's home to study until he "could give any proposition in the six books of Euclid [here, referencing Euclid's "Elements"] at sight."

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Lincoln's first romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he moved to New Salem. By 1835, they were in a relationship but not formally engaged. She died on August 25, 1835, most likely of typhoid fever. In the early 1830s, he met Mary Owens from Kentucky.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Late in 1836, Lincoln agreed to a match with Owens if she returned to New Salem. Owens arrived that November and he courted her for a time; however, they both had second thoughts. On August 16, 1837, he wrote Owens a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: The deaths of their sons, Eddie and Willie, had profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", a condition now thought to be clinical depression. Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing her husband and sons, and Robert committed her for a time to an asylum in 1875.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Lincoln briefly interrupted his campaign to serve as a captain in the Illinois Militia during the Black Hawk War. In his first campaign speech after returning, he observed a supporter in the crowd under attack, grabbed the assailant by his "neck and the seat of his trousers", and tossed him. Lincoln finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received 277 of the 300 votes cast in the New Salem precinct.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as county surveyor, but continued his voracious reading and decided to become a lawyer. Rather than studying in the office of an established attorney, as was the custom, Lincoln borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's "Commentaries" and Chitty's "Pleadings", and read law on his own. He later said of his legal education that "I studied with nobody."

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: He was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1836, and moved to Springfield and began to practice law under John T. Stuart, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as a formidable trial combatant during cross-examinations and closing arguments. He partnered several years with Stephen T. Logan, and in 1844 began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: True to his record, Lincoln professed to friends in 1861 to be "an old line Whig, a disciple of Henry Clay". Their party favored economic modernization in banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: On foreign and military policy, Lincoln spoke against the Mexican–American War, which he imputed to President James K. Polk's desire for "military glory—that attractive rainbow, that rises in showers of blood". He supported the Wilmot Proviso, a failed proposal to ban slavery in any U.S. territory won from Mexico.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Lincoln appeared before the Illinois Supreme Court in 175 cases; he was sole counsel in 51 cases, of which 31 were decided in his favor. From 1853 to 1860, one of his largest clients was the Illinois Central Railroad. His legal reputation gave rise to the nickname "Honest Abe".

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Lincoln argued in an 1858 criminal trial, defending William "Duff" Armstrong, who was on trial for the murder of James Preston Metzker. The case is famous for Lincoln's use of a fact established by judicial notice to challenge the credibility of an eyewitness. After an opposing witness testified to seeing the crime in the moonlight, Lincoln produced a "Farmers' Almanac" showing the moon was at a low angle, drastically reducing visibility. Armstrong was acquitted.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Historian David Herbert Donald described the speech as a "superb political move for an unannounced candidate, to appear in one rival's (Seward) own state at an event sponsored by the second rival's (Chase) loyalists, while not mentioning either by name during its delivery". In response to an inquiry about his ambitions, Lincoln said, "The taste "is" in my mouth a little."

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: On May 18, at the Republican National Convention in Chicago, Lincoln won the nomination on the third ballot, beating candidates such as Seward and Chase. A former Democrat, Hannibal Hamlin of Maine, was nominated for vice president to balance the ticket. Lincoln's success depended on his campaign team, his reputation as a moderate on the slavery issue, and his strong support for internal improvements and the tariff.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Pennsylvania put him over the top, led by the state's iron interests who were reassured by his tariff support. Lincoln's managers had focused on this delegation while honoring Lincoln's dictate to "Make no contracts that will bind me".

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Prior to the Republican convention, the Lincoln campaign began cultivating a nationwide youth organization, the Wide Awakes, which it used to generate popular support throughout the country to spearhead voter registration drives, thinking that new voters and young voters tended to embrace new parties. People of the Northern states knew the Southern states would vote against Lincoln and rallied supporters for Lincoln.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Attempts at compromise followed but Lincoln and the Republicans rejected the proposed Crittenden Compromise as contrary to the Party's platform of free-soil in the territories. Lincoln said, "I will suffer death before I consent ... to any concession or compromise which looks like buying the privilege to take possession of this government to which we have a constitutional right."

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Lincoln tacitly supported the Corwin Amendment to the Constitution, which passed Congress and was awaiting ratification by the states when Lincoln took office. That doomed amendment would have protected slavery in states where it already existed. A few weeks before the war, Lincoln sent a letter to every governor informing them Congress had passed a joint resolution to amend the Constitution.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: In August 1861, General John C. Frémont, the 1856 Republican presidential nominee, without consulting Washington, issued a martial edict freeing slaves of the rebels. Lincoln canceled the illegal proclamation as politically motivated and lacking military necessity. As a result, Union enlistments from Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri increased by over 40,000.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: In directing the Union's war strategy, Lincoln valued the advice of Gen. Winfield Scott, even after his retirement as Commanding General of the United States Army. On June 23–24, 1862, President Lincoln made an unannounced visit to West Point, where he spent five hours consulting with Scott regarding the handling of the Civil War and the staffing of the War Department.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: After the Union rout at Bull Run and Winfield Scott's retirement, Lincoln appointed Major General George B. McClellan general-in-chief. McClellan then took months to plan his Virginia Peninsula Campaign. McClellan's slow progress frustrated Lincoln, as did his position that no troops were needed to defend Washington. McClellan, in turn, blamed the failure of the campaign on Lincoln's reservation of troops for the capitol.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: In 1862, Lincoln removed McClellan for the general's continued inaction. He elevated Henry Halleck in July and appointed John Pope as head of the new Army of Virginia. Pope satisfied Lincoln's desire to advance on Richmond from the north, thus protecting Washington from counterattack. But Pope was then soundly defeated at the Second Battle of Bull Run in the summer of 1862, forcing the Army of the Potomac back to defend Washington.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Despite his dissatisfaction with McClellan's failure to reinforce Pope, Lincoln restored him to command of all forces around Washington. Two days after McClellan's return to command, General Robert E. Lee's forces crossed the Potomac River into Maryland, leading to the Battle of Antietam. That battle, a Union victory, was among the bloodiest in American history; it facilitated Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in January.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: McClellan then resisted the president's demand that he pursue Lee's withdrawing army, while General Don Carlos Buell likewise refused orders to move the Army of the Ohio against rebel forces in eastern Tennessee. Lincoln replaced Buell with William Rosecrans; and after the 1862 midterm elections he replaced McClellan with Ambrose Burnside. The appointments were both politically neutral and adroit on Lincoln's part.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?


Abraham Lincoln

Context: Burnside, against presidential advice, launched an offensive across the Rappahannock River and was defeated by Lee at Fredericksburg in December. Desertions during 1863 came in the thousands and only increased after Fredericksburg, so Lincoln replaced Burnside with Joseph Hooker.

Question: Kuka oli Yhdysvaltojen 16. presidentti?