Oklahoma

Context: Wrestling is a sport with a strong tradition in Oklahoma. Oklahoma State has the most NCAA national championships of any collegiate team with 34, with the Oklahoma Sooners having 7 NCAA wrestling titles. The National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum is headquartered in Stillwater, Oklahoma.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Oklahoma was the 21st-largest recipient of medical funding from the federal government in 2005, with health-related federal expenditures in the state totaling $75,801,364; immunizations, bioterrorism preparedness, and health education were the top three most funded medical items. Instances of major diseases are near the national average in Oklahoma, and the state ranks at or slightly above the rest of the country in percentage of people with asthma, diabetes, cancer, and hypertension.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: In 2000, Oklahoma ranked 45th in physicians per capita and slightly below the national average in nurses per capita, but was slightly above the national average in hospital beds per 100,000 people and above the national average in net growth of health services over a twelve-year period. One of the worst states for percentage of insured people, nearly 25 percent of Oklahomans between the age of 18 and 64 did not have health insurance in 2005, the fifth-highest rate in the nation.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Oklahomans are in the upper half of Americans in terms of obesity prevalence, and the state is the 5th most obese in the nation, with 30.3 percent of its population at or near obesity. Oklahoma ranked last among the 50 states in a 2007 study by the Commonwealth Fund on health care performance.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: The OU Medical Center, Oklahoma's largest collection of hospitals, is the only hospital in the state designated a LevelI trauma center by the American College of Surgeons. OU Medical Center is on the grounds of the Oklahoma Health Center in Oklahoma City, the state's largest concentration of medical research facilities.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: The Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Southwestern Regional Medical Center in Tulsa is one of four such regional facilities nationwide, offering cancer treatment to the entire southwestern United States, and is one of the largest cancer treatment hospitals in the country. The largest osteopathic teaching facility in the nation, Oklahoma State University Medical Center at Tulsa, also rates as one of the largest facilities in the field of neuroscience.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: On June 26, 2018, Oklahoma made marijuana legal for medical purposes, making it one of the most conservative states to approve medical marijuana.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Using 2016–2018 data, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation calculated that life expectancy (all sexes) for Oklahoma counties ranged from 71.2 years for Okfuskee County to 79.7 years for Cimarron and Logan counties. Life expectancy for the state as a whole was 76.0 years.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Oklahoma City and Tulsa are the 45th- and 61st-largest media markets in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research. The state's third-largest media market, Lawton-Wichita Falls, Texas, is ranked 149th nationally by the agency. Broadcast television in Oklahoma began in 1949 when KFOR-TV (then WKY-TV) in Oklahoma City and KOTV-TV in Tulsa began broadcasting a few months apart. Currently, all major American broadcast networks have affiliated television stations in the state.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: The state's first radio station, WKY in Oklahoma City, began broadcasting in 1920. In 2006, there were more than 500 radio stations in Oklahoma broadcasting with various local or nationally owned networks. Five universities in Oklahoma operate non-commercial, public radio stations/networks.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Oklahoma has a few ethnic-oriented TV stations broadcasting in Spanish and Asian languages, and there is some Native American programming. TBN, a Christian religious television network, has a studio in Tulsa, and built its first entirely TBN-owned affiliate in Oklahoma City in 1980.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Transportation in Oklahoma is generated by an anchor system of Interstate Highways, inter-city rail lines, airports, inland ports, and mass transit networks. Situated along an integral point in the United States Interstate network, Oklahoma contains three primary Interstate highways and four auxiliary Interstate Highways. In Oklahoma City, Interstate 35 intersects with Interstate 44 and Interstate 40, forming one of the most important intersections along the United States highway system.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: More than of roads make up the state's major highway skeleton, including state-operated highways, ten turnpikes or major toll roads, and the longest drivable stretch of Route 66 in the nation. In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of 123,300 cars. In 2010, the state had the nation's third-highest number of bridges classified as structurally deficient, with nearly 5,212 bridges in disrepair, including 235 National Highway System Bridges.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Oklahoma is connected to the nation's rail network via Amtrak's "Heartland Flyer", its only regional passenger rail line. It currently stretches from Oklahoma City to Fort Worth, Texas, though lawmakers began seeking funding in early 2007 to connect the "Heartland Flyer" to Tulsa.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the one of the United States' most inland international ports, at head of navigation of the McClellan–Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River. The port ships over two million tons of goods annually and is a designated foreign trade zone.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Oklahoma is a constitutional republic with a government modeled after the Federal government of the United States, with executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The state has 77 counties with jurisdiction over most local government functions within each respective domain, five congressional districts, and a voting base with a plurality in the Republican Party. State officials are elected by plurality voting in the state of Oklahoma.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Oklahoma has capital punishment as a legal sentence, and the state has had (between 1976 through mid-2011) the highest per capita execution rate in the nation.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: The Legislature of Oklahoma consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. As the lawmaking branch of the state government, it is responsible for raising and distributing the money necessary to run the government. The Senate has 48 members serving four-year terms, while the House has 101 members with two-year terms. The state has a term limit for its legislature that restricts any one person to twelve cumulative years service between both legislative branches.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Oklahoma has 11 substate districts including the two large Councils of Governments, INCOG in Tulsa (Indian Nations Council of Governments) and ACOG (Association of Central Oklahoma Governments).

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Generally, Republicans are strongest in the suburbs of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, as well as the Panhandle. Democrats are strongest in the eastern part of the state and Little Dixie, as well as the most heavily African American and inner parts of Oklahoma City and Tulsa. With a population of 8.6% Native American in the state, it is also worth noting that most Native American precincts vote Democratic in margins exceeded only by African Americans.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. In the current Congress, Republicans comprise Oklahoma's entire delegation.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: Under Oklahoma law, municipalities are divided into two categories: cities, defined as having more than 1,000 residents, and towns, with under 1,000 residents. Both have legislative, judicial, and public power within their boundaries, but cities can choose between a mayor–council, council–manager, or strong mayor form of government, while towns operate through an elected officer system.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Oklahoma

Context: The Oklahoma Sooners were the top seeded school and Oklahoma State was the #5 seed entering the 2021 Women's College World Series. These two Oklahoma teams were heavily favored, playing in their home state I. The Oklahoma City venue. However, in two consecutive stunning upsets, both Oklahoma teams lost to James Madison University out of Harrisonburg, VA. This was the first time ever an unseeded team went 2–0 to start the WCWS.

Question: Как называется самый большой университет в Оклахо́ма-Си́ти?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: The 2008 Mardakert clashes began on 4 March after the 2008 Armenian election protests. It involved the heaviest fighting between ethnic Armenian and Azerbaijani forces over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh since the 1994 ceasefire after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Armenian sources accused Azerbaijan of trying to take advantage of ongoing unrest in Armenia. Azerbaijani sources blamed Armenia, claiming that the Armenian government was trying to divert attention from internal tensions in Armenia.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Following the incident, on March 14 the United Nations General Assembly by a recorded vote of 39 in favour to 7 against adopted Resolution 62/243, demanding the immediate withdrawal of all Armenian forces from the occupied territories of Azerbaijan.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: The 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clash was a scattered exchange of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: In late April 2011, border clashes left three Nagorno-Karabakh soldiers dead, while on 5 October, two Azerbaijani and one Armenian soldier were killed. In all during the year, 10 Armenian soldiers were killed.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: The following year, border clashes between the armed forces of Armenia and Azerbaijan took place from late April through early June. The clashes resulted in the deaths of five Azerbaijani and four Armenian soldiers. In all during 2012, 19 Azerbaijani and 14 Armenian soldiers were killed. Another report put the number of Azerbaijani dead at 20.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: By August 5, 2014, the fighting that started on 27 July had left 14 Azerbaijani and 5 Armenian soldiers dead. Overall, 27 Azerbaijani soldiers had died since the start of the year in border clashes.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: In 2015, 42 Armenian soldiers and 5 civilians were killed as border clashes continued. In addition, at least 64 Azerbaijani soldiers also died.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Sporadic fighting primarily took place in: January, June, August, September, November and throughout December.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Over the years, Azerbaijan had been growing impatient with the status quo. In this regard, propelled by oil and gas windfall, the country embarked in a military build-up. In 2015 alone, Baku spent $3bn on its military, more than Armenia's entire national budget.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Between 1 and 5 April 2016, heavy fighting along the Nagorno-Karabakh frontline left 88 Armenian and 31–92 Azerbaijani soldiers dead. One Armenian and three Azerbaijani soldiers were also missing. In addition, 10 civilians (six Azerbaijani and four Armenian) were also killed. During the clashes, an Azerbaijani military helicopter and 13 unmanned drones were shot down and an Azerbaijani tank was destroyed, while Nagorno-Karabakh lost 14 tanks.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: A Nagorno-Karabakh soldier was killed by an Azerbaijani sniper near the line of contact on 7 January 2018.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: A Nagorno-Karabakh soldier was killed by Azerbaijani fire on 7 February 2018. Three civilian volunteers were killed in a demining operation in Nagorno-Karabakh on 29 March 2018.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: A Nagorno-Karabakh soldier was killed by Azerbaijani fire on 9 April 2018. A Nagorno-Karabakh soldier was killed in a firefight with Azeri forces on 10 June 2018. In September 2018 a soldier of the Armenian Army was killed by Azeri gunfire whilst serving at a border post. In the same month, two Nagorno-Karabakh soldiers were killed by the Azeri army.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Further clashes near Tavush took place in July 2020. Thirteen Azeris, including one civilian, and five Armenians were killed.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: In a minor border skirmish on 16 September, one Armenian soldier was killed; five days later, an Azerbaijani soldier was killed.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: On 27 September, serious clashes in Nagorno-Karabakh re-erupted, leading to Armenia declaring martial law and mobilization. On the same day, Azerbaijan's Parliament declared a martial law and established curfews in several cities and regions following the clashes. In terms of casualties, the clashes were the worst since the 1994 ceasefire and caused alarm in the international community.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: 44 days of fighting ended on November 10, with a peace deal brokered by Russia. Armenian forces agreed to return to Azerbaijan all occupied territory outside of the former Soviet Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, with Russian peacekeepers guaranteeing safe passage through the region of Lachin which separates Nagorno-Karabakh from Armenia.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: An ongoing border crisis started on 12 May 2021, when Azerbaijani soldiers crossed several kilometers into Armenia in the provinces of Syunik and Gegharkunik, occupying about of Armenian territory. Azerbaijan has not withdrawn its troops from internationally recognised Armenian territory despite calls to do so by European Parliament, United States and France – two of three Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Armenian military fatalities were reported to be between 5,856 and 6,000, while 1,264 Armenian civilians were also killed. Another 196 Armenian soldiers and 400 civilians were missing. According to the Union of Relatives of the Artsakh War Missing in Action Soldiers, as of 2014, 239 Karabakhi soldiers remain officially unaccounted for.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Azerbaijan stated 11,557 of its soldiers were killed, while Western and Russian estimates of dead combatants on the Azerbaijani side were 25,000–30,000. 4,210 Azerbaijani soldiers and 749 civilians were also missing. The total number of Azerbaijani civilians killed in the conflict is unknown, although 167–763 were killed on one day in 1992 by the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh's forces.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Azerbaijan stated 398 of its soldiers and 31 civilians were killed between 1994 and up to September 2020, right before the start of the 2020 conflict. In comparison, the Caspian Defense Studies Institute NGO reported 1,008 Azerbaijani soldiers and more than 90 civilians were killed between 1994 and 2016.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: In the two-month 2020 fighting, thousands were killed, primarily soldiers, but also almost two hundred civilians.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Following the end of the war, eleven more Azerbaijani soldiers, six Azerbaijani civilians and one Russian peacekeeper were killed in clashes and landmine explosions in the region by the end of the year.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Twelves Azerbaijani civilians and two soldiers were killed in 2021, by landmine explosions. Seventeen Armenian and ten Azerbaijani soldiers were also killed in shoot-outs in the border area, while 38 Armenian soldiers were captured. Twenty-eight of the captured Armenian soldiers were subsequently released.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: In 2022, three Armenian soldiers were killed and 14 wounded in an attack by Azerbaijani drones in Nagorno-Karabakh on 25 March.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: In the post-war period, Russia is Armenia's main arms supplier and the two countries are military allies. Russia is sometimes described as Armenia's supporter in the conflict, however, this view is widely challenged as Russia extensively sells arms to Azerbaijan. At the same time, Armenia buys Russian weaponry at a discount, while Azerbaijan pays the full price.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Turkey is widely considered Azerbaijan's main supporter in the conflict. Svante Cornell wrote in 1998 that Turkey is the "only country that constantly expressed its support for Azerbaijan." It provided Azerbaijan "active military help" during the war. Turkey also supports Azerbaijan diplomatically. Turkish and Azerbaijani armed forces cooperate extensively and regularly hold military exercises. Azerbaijan has also bought weapons from Turkey.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Turkey closed its border with Armenia in April 1993 after Armenian forces captured Kalbajar. Prior to that, the border was only open "on demand and only for transferring the humanitarian aid (mainly wheat delivery) to Armenia and for the operation of the weekly Kars-Gyumri train, which had been crossing the Turkish-Armenian border since the days of the Soviet Union." Turkey has repeatedly refused to normalize and establish diplomatic relations with Armenia in solidarity with Azerbaijan over Karabakh.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: The US has also provided humanitarian aid to Artsakh (some $36 million between 1998 and 2010), including for demining. The humanitarian aid has been criticized by Azerbaijan for legitimizing the "illegal regime in the occupied lands and damages the reputation of the US as a neutral mediator."

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Russia has long been Armenia's primary arms supplier. Smaller suppliers include China, India, Ukraine, Greece, Serbia, Jordan (per Armenian MoD sources, denied by Jordan). In March 1992, Yagub Mammadov, chairman of Azerbaijani parliament, accused Syria and Lebanon of supplying weapons to Armenia.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: According to SIPRI, Russia supplied 55% of Azerbaijan's weaponry in 2007–11, 85% in 2010–14 and 31% in 2015–19. Israel has become a major supplier, accounting for 60% of Azerbaijan's arms imports in 2015–19. Azerbaijan's other suppliers include Turkey, Belarus, Canada (via Turkey), Ukraine, Serbia, and Czech Republic (denied by the Czech authorities).

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Several foreign groups fought on both sides in the intense period of fighting in 1992–94. According to Human Rights Watch (HRW), both sides used mercenaries during the war, namely "Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian mercenaries or rogue units of the Soviet/Russian Army have fought on both sides."

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Azerbaijan made extensive use of mercenary pilots. According to HRW, "Most informed observers believe that mercenaries pilot most of Azerbaijan's air force."

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh Republic) has received diplomatic recognition and diplomatic support, especially during the 2016 clashes, from three partially recognized states: Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: During the war, Greece adopted a pro-Armenian position and supported it in international forums. During the April 2016 and July 2020 clashes, Cyprus condemned Azerbaijan for violating the ceasefire.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Azerbaijan has received diplomatic support, namely for its territorial integrity, from three post-Soviet states that have territorial disputes: Ukraine, Georgia, and Moldova. These three countries and Azerbaijan form the GUAM organization and support the Azerbaijani position in the format as well. Serbia, with its own territorial dispute over Kosovo, also explicitly supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

Context: Two other post-Soviet states, Kazakhstan and Belarus tacitly support Azerbaijan's position, especially within the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), despite nominal alliance with Armenia.

Question: Чем закончился конфликт в Нагорном Карабахе?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: Buddha's Birthday (also known as Buddha Jayanti, also known as his day of enlightenment - Buddha Purnima, Buddha Pournami) is a Buddhist festival that is celebrated in most of East Asia and South Asia commemorating the birth of the Prince Siddhartha Gautama, later the Gautama Buddha, who was the founder of Buddhism. According to Buddhist tradition, Gautama Buddha was born c. 563–483 BCE in Lumbini, Nepal.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: The exact date of Buddha's birthday is based on the Asian lunisolar calendars. The date for the celebration of Buddha's birthday varies from year to year in the Western Gregorian calendar, but usually falls in April or May. In leap years it may be celebrated in June.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In South Asian and Southeast Asian countries (except Vietnam and the Philippines) as well as Mongolia, Buddha's birthday is celebrated on the full moon day of the Vaisakha month of the Buddhist calendar and the Hindu calendar, which usually falls in April or May of the Western Gregorian calendar. The festival is known as Buddha Purnima, as Purnima means full moon day in Sanskrit. It is also called Buddha Jayanti, with Jayanti meaning birthday in Sanskrit.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In many East Asian countries as well as Vietnam and the Philippines, Buddha's Birth is celebrated on the 8th day of the 4th month in the Chinese lunar calendar (in Japan since 1873 on April 8 of the Gregorian calendar), and the day is an official holiday in Hong Kong, Macau and South Korea. The date falls from the end of April to the end of May according to the Gregorian calendar.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: The primarily solar Gregorian calendar date varies from year to year, and in the year 2021, it was on May 19.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In 1999 the Taiwanese government set Buddha's birthday as the second Sunday of May, the same date as Mother's Day.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: As a result of the Meiji Restoration, Japan adopted the Gregorian calendar in lieu of the Chinese lunar calendar in 1873. However, it took approximately until 1945, the end of World War II, for religious festivities to adopt the new calendar. In most Japanese temples, Buddha's birth is now celebrated on the Gregorian and buddhist calendar date April 8; only a few (mainly in Okinawa) celebrate it on the orthodox Chinese calendar date of the eighth day of the fourth lunar month.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In Cambodia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as "Visak Bochea" and is a public holiday where monks around the country carry the Buddhist flag, lotus flowers, incense, and candles to acknowledge Vesak. People also take part in alms-giving to the monks.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In Hong Kong, Buddha's birthday is a public holiday. Lanterns are lit to symbolise the Buddha's enlightenment and many people visit the temple to pay their respects. The bathing of statues of the Buddha is a major feature of Buddha's birthday celebrations in the city. In Macau, All Buddhist temples in Macau will hold the ""Lóng-huá Huì" (龍華會)" ritual ceremony, bathing the Buddha with ""Wǔ Xiāng-Shuǐ" (五香水 "Five Scented-Perfumed Water")", which the festival is also a public holiday in Macau.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In the followers of Theravada style the dress code is pure white, others don't follow particular dress code. Kheer, sweet rice porridge is commonly served to recall the story of Sujata, a maiden who, in Gautama Buddha's life, offered the Buddha a bowl of milk porridge. Informally called "Buddha's Birthday," it actually commemorates the birth, enlightenment (nirvāna), and death (Parinirvāna) of Gautama Buddha in the Theravada tradition.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: At the Mahabodhi Temple of Bodhgaya in India, Buddha Purnima is celebrated with great enthusiasm. This temple gets decorated with colored decorations. At the Bodhi Tree, under which Gautama Buddha obtained enlightenment, devotees of Gautam Buddha do special prayers. At the National Museum in Delhi, Lord Buddha’s holy remaining's are open for public viewing.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In Indonesia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as "Waisak" and is a public holiday. A large procession beginning in Mendut in Java, and ends at Borobudur – the largest Buddhist temple in the world.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In Malaysia, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as "Wesak Day" and is a public holiday celebrated by the sizeable minority Buddhist population in the country. Temples across the country are decorated, and caged animals are set free. People engage in prayers, chanting, and alms-giving across the country.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In Myanmar, Buddha's Birthday is celebrated as "Full Moon of Kasun" and is a public holiday. It is celebrated by watering the Bodhi tree and chanting. In large pagodas, music and dance is also performed as part of the celebrations.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: The event is celebrated by gentle and serene fervour, keeping in mind the very nature of Buddhism. People, especially women, go to common Viharas to observe a rather longer-than-usual, full-length Buddhist sutra, something like a service. The usual dress is pure white. Non-vegetarian food is normally avoided. Kheer, sweet rice porridge is commonly served to recall the story of Sujata, a maiden who offered the Buddha a bowl of milk porridge.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: Buddha Purnima is the biggest day for Buddhists because on this day, it is believed three important events of the Buddha's life took place: his birth, his attaining enlightenment, and his death, Paranirvana. This day is known as Thrice Blessed Festival.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In the Philippines, Buddha's Birthday is known as "Kaarawan ni Buddha" and usually has Chinese elements via its Chinese community. It is not a public holiday as most Filipinos are Christian. However, it can be celebrated by people of all religions. Like in China and Japan, Filipino people bathe statues of the Buddha.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In Thailand, Buddha's birthday is celebrated as "Visakha Puja" and is a public holiday. People gather at temples to hear sermons, give donations and chant prayers.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: The celebration of Buddha's Birthday in the United States differs from community to community, depending on ethnicity and nationality.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: In New York, the "International Lotus Lantern Parade" has been a notable and successful annual event held at Union Square Park. The event celebrates the Buddha's birthday and "Yeon Deung Hoe" (연등회,燃燈會), a Korean lantern celebration that is held during Vesak. The festival features a number of Buddhist themed events and is started off by numerous Buddhist centres of Japanese, Korean and Sri Lankan origins for example.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Buddha's Birthday

Context: Since 1963, the state of Hawaii has recognized April 8 of each year as "Buddha Day", which celebrates the birth of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism.

Question: Как называется главный праздник буддистов?


Sweden and the Winter War

Context: The Nordic trend did not officially allow Swedish participation in security management of the Gulf of Finland with Finland. However, behind the scene, the general staff of Sweden and Finland had negotiated secretly the Gulf of Finland blockade plan in 1929. Sweden agreed that it would first suggest the Gulf blockade to the Estonians in 1930. Officially Sweden would not participate, but it would give materiel and auxiliary troops if the Soviet Union attacked.

Question: В каком году началась советско-финская война?


Sweden and the Winter War

Context: Publicly, Finland was supported, but Finland's Foreign Minister Elias Erkko was informed that Swedish troops were not to be expected. It remains controversial to this day whether he delivered this message to his colleagues and his president.

Question: В каком году началась советско-финская война?


Sweden and the Winter War

Context: In the "Statsrådsdiktamen" on 19 February 1940, Sweden's king Gustaf V publicly rejected pleas from Finland's government for military intervention in the Winter War to help defend Finland against the Soviet invasion. This statement from the king was aimed at pressuring Finland to accept harsh Soviet peace conditions and to quiet a strong Swedish activist public opinion advocating participation in the war. The statement had this effect, but was also to produce substantial bitterness in Finland.

Question: В каком году началась советско-финская война?


Sweden and the Winter War

Context: Even worse, training had been very reduced in a 1925 decision to cut back on the armed forces, and most units had no winter training and had to leave army units needing to conduct rehearsal training after a mobilization.

Question: В каком году началась советско-финская война?


Sweden and the Winter War

Context: Within the Swedish military, officers who had been volunteers in the Finnish Civil War were now senior officers, most notably Axel Rappe, a member of the General Staff, and Archibald Douglas, commander of the Northern Army Corps.

Question: В каком году началась советско-финская война?


Sweden and the Winter War

Context: The fact that the Swedish government did not get news of Douglas' plan right away makes it entirely possible that the plan could have been implemented. However, when they found out the plan was scrapped although Douglas was allowed to retain command and later rose to become Chief of the Army.

Question: В каком году началась советско-финская война?


Sweden and the Winter War

Context: The Northern Army Corps, barred from entering Finland, did not end attempts at aid, however. Swedish first line units would sometimes lose equipment and material that was needed on the other side of the border. The willingness to help out can be traced to officers in charge of Swedish supply units likening the Swedish Army Stores at Boden as a Finnish supply base.

Question: В каком году началась советско-финская война?


Sweden and the Winter War

Context: Several books written about the Winter War include reference to the Swedish volunteers and many older Finns today still acknowledge their contributions.

Question: В каком году началась советско-финская война?


Sweden and the Winter War

Context: The Winter War also helped reaffirm the Swedish position. Aid to Finland had been as much about aiding a neighbour as about neutralising the public opinion calling for active intervention in the war. It also helped to establish the political priorities before the events of 9 April 1940, when Germany invaded Denmark and Norway. The goal was now fixed on keeping Sweden out of the growing European conflict; if they had not gone to war to defend Finland, there was no way that they would do it for Norway.

Question: В каком году началась советско-финская война?


Russian jokes

Context: Every category has numerous untranslatable jokes that rely on linguistic puns, wordplay, and the Russian language vocabulary of foul language. Below, (L) marks jokes whose humor value critically depends on intrinsic features of the Russian language.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Stierlitz is a fictional Soviet intelligence officer, portrayed by Vyacheslav Tikhonov in the Soviet TV series "Seventeen Moments of Spring". In the jokes, Stierlitz interacts with various characters, most prominently his nemesis Müller. Usually two-liners spoofing the solemn style of the original TV voice-overs, the plot is resolved in grotesque plays on words or in parodies of the trains of thought and narrow escapes of the "original" Stierlitz.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Many jokes are related to Rzhevsky's ability to turn the ordinary situations or a moderate bedlam into a complete mess:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: While successful narration of quite a few Russian jokes heavily depends on using sexual vulgarities ("Russian mat"), Rzhevsky, with all his vulgarity, does not use heavy "mat" in traditional versions of his tales. One of his favorite words is "arse" (which is considered rather mild among Russian vulgarities), and there is a series of jokes where Rzhevsky answers "arse" to some innocent question (it is typical of Rzhevsky to blurt unromantic comments in the most romantic situations):

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Rabinovich is an archetypal Russian Jew. He is a crafty, cynical, sometimes bitter type, skeptical about the Soviet government, and often too smart for his own good. He is sometimes portrayed as an "otkaznik" ("refusenik"): someone who is refused permission to emigrate to Israel.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: This following example explains Vladimir Putin's remark about "Comrade Wolf", describing the policies of the United States, that many non-Russians found cryptic.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Vovochka is the Russian equivalent of "Little Johnny". He interacts with his school teacher, Maria Ivanovna (shortened to "Marivanna", a stereotypical female teacher's name). "Vovochka" is a diminutive form of "Vova", which in turn is a shortened version of "Vladimir", creating the "little boy" effect. His fellow students bear similarly diminutive names. This "little boy" name is used in contrast with Vovochka's wisecracking, adult, often obscene statements.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Vasily Ivanovich Chapayev, a Red Army hero of the Russian Civil War, in the rank of Division Commander, was featured in a 1934 biopic. The most common topics are the war with the monarchist White Army, Chapayev's futile attempts to enroll into the Frunze Military Academy, and the circumstances of Chapayev's death (officially, he was gunned down by the Whites and drowned while attempting to flee across the Ural River after a lost battle).

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Chapayev is usually accompanied by his "aide-de-camp" Petka (Петька, "Pete"), as well as Anka the Machine-Gunner (Анка-пулемётчица), and political commissar Furmanov, all based on real people. (Being well known in Russian popular culture, Chapayev, Petka, and Anka were featured in a series of Russian adventure games released in the late 1990s and 2000s.)

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Some older jokes involve Fantômas, a fictional criminal and master of disguise from the French detective series, a character once widely popular in the USSR. His arch-enemy is Inspector Juve, charged with catching him. Fantômas' talent for disguise is usually the focus of the joke, allowing for jokes featuring all sorts of other characters:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Aside from mammals, a rather common non-human is the "Golden Fish", who asks the catcher to release her in exchange for three wishes. The first Russian instance of this appeared in Alexander Pushkin's "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish". In jokes, the Fisherman may be replaced by a representative of a nationality or ethnicity, and the third wish usually makes the punch line of the joke.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: A similar type of joke involves a wish-granting Genie, the main difference being that in the case of the Golden Fish the Fisherman suffers from his own stupidity or greed, while the Genie is known for ingeniously twisting an interpretation of the wish to frustrate the grantee.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: These often revolve around the supposition that the vast majority of Russian and Soviet "militsioners" (policemen, now called "politzia") accept bribes. Also, they are not considered to be very bright.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Imperial Russia had been multi-ethnic for many centuries, and this situation continued throughout the Soviet period, and continues still. Throughout history, several ethnic stereotypes have developed, often in common with those views by other ethnicities (usually except for the ethnicity in question, but not always).

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Chukchi (singular Chukcha), the native people of Chukotka, the most remote northeast corner of Russia, are a common minority targeted for generic ethnic jokes in Russia. They are depicted as primitive, uncivilized, and simple-minded, but clever in their own way. A propensity for saying "odnako" (equivalent to "however", depending on context) is a staple of Chukcha jokes. The straight man part of Chukcha jokes is often a Russian geologist.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Ukrainians are depicted as rustic, stingy, and inordinately fond of salted "salo" (pork back fat); their accent, which is imitated, is perceived as funny.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Georgians are usually depicted as stupid, greedy, hot-blooded, or addicted to sex and sometimes all four. A very loud and theatrical Georgian accent, including grammatical errors considered typical of Georgians, and occasional Georgian words are considered funny to imitate in Russian and often becomes a joke in itself.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: During the 1967 Arab–Israeli War sympathies of the ordinary Soviet people were on the side of the Israel despite Egypt under Nasser being officially a Soviet ally, "on the Socialist path of development".

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: This joke is in part based on the common stereotype about Jews that they answer a question with a question.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Common jokes center on the enormous size of the Chinese population, the Chinese language and the perceptions of the Chinese as cunning, industrious, and hard-working. Other jokes revolve around the belief that the Chinese are capable of amazing feats by primitive means, such as the Great Leap Forward.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Like elsewhere in the world, a good many of jokes in Russia are based on puns. Other jokes depend on grammatical and linguistic oddities and irregularities in the Russian language:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: A similar story by Mikhail Zoshchenko involves yet another answer: after great care and multiple drafts to get the genitive case correct, including the substitution of "five "штук" (pieces)" for "five pokers", the response comes back: the warehouse has no "kocherezhek" (fully regular genitive plural of "kocherezhka", "little poker").

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: The Russian word for "testicle" is a diminutive of "egg", so the slang word is the non-diminutive form ("yaitso", cf. Spanish "huevo"). A large variety of jokes capitalize on this:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Some religious jokes make fun of the clergy. They tend to be told in quasi-Church Slavonic, with its archaisms and the stereotypical "okanye" (a clear pronunciation of the unstressed /o/ as [o]; Modern Russian or "Muscovite" speech reduces unstressed /o/ to [ɐ]). Clergymen in these jokes always bear obsolete names of distinctively Greek origin, and speak in "basso profundo".

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Other jokes touching on religion involve Heaven or Hell. They usually focus on the attempts to settle in Afterlife in a non-trivial way, or how different nationalities/professions/occupations are treated. Jokes about specific people going to Hell and receiving fitting punishment are common as well. Rarer variants include jokes about historic figures coming back from beyond to observe or settle issues of modern Russia.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: In Russian military jokes, a "praporschik" (warrant officer) is an archetypal bully, possessed of limited wit.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: A. Dmitriev illustrates his sociological essay "Army Humor" with a large number of military jokes, mostly of Russian origin.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: The punchline "from the fence to lunchtime" has become a well-known Russian cliché for an assignment with no defined ending (or for doing something forever).

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: A persistent theme in Russian military, police and law-enforcement-related jokes is the ongoing conflict between the representatives of the armed forces/law enforcement, and the "intelligentsia", i.e. well-educated members of society. Therefore, this theme is a satire of the image of military/law-enforcement officers and superiors as dumb and distrustful of "those educated smart-alecks":

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Until shortly before "perestroika", all fit male students of higher education had obligatory military ROTC courses from which they graduated as junior officers in the military reserve. A good many of military jokes originated there:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Sometimes, these silly statements can cross over, intentionally or unintentionally, into the realm of actual wit:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: There are jokes about Russian nuclear missile forces and worldwide disasters because of lack of basic army discipline:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: The veteran prisoner is surprised: "Twenty?? What on earth could you have done?" The new man replies indignantly, "I did nothing, comrade! Honest!" The veteran says, "But the sentence for doing nothing is only ten years."

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Medical jokes are widespread. Often, they consist of a short dialogue of doctor or nurse with a patient:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: The phrase "The doc said 'to the morgue' — to the morgue it is!" ("Доктор сказал «в морг» — значит, в морг!") became a well-known Russian cliché, meaning that something "must" be done whenever it makes sense or not.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Also, there are a number of funny student obsessions such as "zachyotka" (a book of grade transcripts, carried by every student), "khalyava" (a chance of getting something (in this context, good or acceptable grades) without any effort), and getting a stipend for good grades. Jokes about student life (filled with relationships, alcohol, and a permanent lack of any money) are common.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: A large number of jokes are about an exam: these are usually a dialogue between the professor and the student, based on a set of questions written on a "bilet" (a small sheet of paper, literally "ticket"), which the student draws at random in the exam room, and is given some time to prepare answers. Many jokes refer to students trying to pass an exam with little or no knowledge at all ("khalyava" as mentioned above).

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Other jokes use the fact that many (or even most) students really study only when the exam is in the imminent future (in one or two days), otherwise spending time with more interesting activities such as parties.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Cowboy jokes are a series about a Wild West full of trigger-happy simple-minded cowboys, and the perception that everything is big in Texas. It is often difficult to guess whether these are imported or genuinely Russian inventions:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: Variant: "The guy over there saved my life yesterday, I am really grateful to him." / [a gunshot] / "The one that has fallen!"

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: The "Uncatchable Joe" () has become an ironic nickname in Russia for various difficult-to-find persons (not necessarily unimportant ones). It is suggested that the nickname and the joke originated from a 1923 satirical novel "An Uncatchable Enemy: American Novel" by Mikhail Kozyrev () which contained a funny song about a Joe who was uncatchable because no one needed him.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: A large number of jokes are about "distrofiks", people with severe muscular dystrophy. The main themes are the extreme weakness, slowness, gauntness, and emaciation of a dystrophic patient. Some of the jibes originated in jokes about Gulag camps. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, in his "Gulag Archipelago", wrote that dystrophy was a typical phase in the life of a Gulag inmate, and quotes the following joke:

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Russian jokes

Context: The very use of obscene Russian vocabulary, called "mat", can enhance the humorous effect of a joke by its emotional impact. Due to the somewhat different cultural attitude to obscene slang, such an effect is difficult to render in English. The taboo status often makes "mat" itself the subject of a joke. One typical plot goes as follows.

Question: Откуда пошли шутки про одесский юмор?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: Arrizabalaga won the 2012 European Championship with Spain's under-19 team. He made his senior debut in 2017, and was selected for the 2018 World Cup.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: Born in Ondarroa, Biscay, Basque Country, Arrizabalaga joined Athletic Bilbao's youth setup at Lezama in 2004, aged ten. He made his senior debut with the farm team in January 2012, in Tercera División.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: On 5 May 2012, Arrizabalaga was called up to the main squad for a La Liga match against Getafe CF, but remained unused in the 0–0 draw at the San Mamés Stadium. He was also called up to pre-season in July, and on 23 September was also a substitute in another home game of the same outcome, against Málaga CF.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: Arrizabalaga was promoted to the reserves in January 2013, to cover for injured Jon Ander Serantes. He made his debut for the B-side on 16 February 2013, keeping a clean sheet in a 1–0 win over UD Logroñés in the Segunda División B. On 3 March, he was sent off towards the end of a 3–1 home win over SD Amorebieta, as was teammate Jon García; in April he suffered a pubalgia, only returning to the fields in September.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: Arrizabalaga appeared regularly for the B's after his return, but broke the first metacarpal of his right hand in January 2014, being sidelined for a month. On 11 March, Getafe submitted a loan request to the "Lions" for him, as a replacement to injured Miguel Ángel Moyá, but it was rejected a day later.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: On 5 January 2015, Arrizabalaga was loaned to Segunda División club SD Ponferradina until June. He made his professional debut on the 11th, starting in a 1–1 home draw against Racing de Santander.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: On 20 July 2015, Arrizabalaga moved to Real Valladolid, also of the second tier, in a season-long loan deal. He played his first competitive game on 22 August, in a 0–1 loss at Córdoba CF, and missed only three matches as his team finished 16th.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: After returning from loan, Arrizabalaga was included in the first team, initially as third-choice behind Gorka Iraizoz and Iago Herrerín. He made his debut in the top flight on 11 September 2016, starting in a 1–0 away win over Deportivo de La Coruña.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: On 22 January 2018, amid heavy transfer speculation linking him to Real Madrid, Arrizabalaga renewed his contract – due to expire that June – until 2025.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: On 24 January 2019, in the second leg of the EFL Cup semi-final, Arrizabalaga saved a penalty from Tottenham's Lucas Moura in a 4–2 penalty shoot-out win at Stamford Bridge, helping his team go through to the final.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: On 9 May 2019, Arrizabalaga saved two penalties in the shootout at the end of the second leg of the UEFA Europa League semi-final against Eintracht Frankfurt to take Chelsea to the final, which they won 4–1 over Arsenal.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: Arrizabalaga appeared for Chelsea in the opening game of the 2020–21 Premier League season against Brighton & Hove Albion. Chelsea won 3–1. Arrizabalaga was judged to have made a significant error in the next match against Liverpool, after his pass went straight to Sadio Mané who collected the ball and scored; Chelsea went on to lose 2–0. Lampard publicly criticized Arrizabalaga, stating that his mistake had cost a goal.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: Arrizabalaga's fortunes turned under the coaching of Thomas Tuchel. He kept 5 clean sheets in 8 games, all of which came in successive games. He had a save percentage of 89.4% under the German manager, significantly higher than under the previous manager. He was named as part of the 25-man squad for the 2021 UEFA Champions League Final on 29 May, and was an unused substitute as Chelsea beat Manchester City 1–0 at the Estádio do Dragão, lifting his second European trophy.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: After appearing for Spain's under-18s, Arrizabalaga was called up to the under-19 team for that year's UEFA European Championship. He was the starter during the tournament, as his side were crowned champions; highlights included a 3–3 semi-final success against France, where he saved two penalties in the shootout.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: Arrizabalaga missed the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup due to injury, being replaced in the tournament squad by Rubén Yáñez. On 8 November 2013 he was called up to the under-21 team, along with Athletic teammate Iker Muniain.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


Kepa Arrizabalaga

Context: Arrizabalaga was called up to the senior side on 22 March 2017 ahead of a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Israel and a friendly with France, as a late replacement for the injured Pepe Reina. He earned his first cap on 11 November of that year, playing the full 90 minutes in a 5–0 friendly win over Costa Rica in Málaga.

Question: Кто голкипер «Челси» в 2019 году?


57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2)

Context: The ZiS-2 () (GRAU index: 52-P-271) is a Soviet 57 mm anti-tank gun used during World War II. The ZiS-4 is a version of the gun that was meant to be installed in tanks. "ZiS" stands for "Zavod imeni Stalina" (Russian "Завод имени Сталина", 'Factory named after Stalin'), the official title of Artillery Factory No. 92, which produced the gun first.

Question: Сколько выстрелов в минуту делала 57-мм противотанковая пушка образца 1941 года?


57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2)

Context: The production lines were switched to manufacturing of the ZiS-3 76.2 mm divisional gun while Soviet anti-tank artillery received cheaper 45 mm guns. Some anti-tank regiments also received the ZiS-3 which was able to defeat any German vehicle until late 1942.

Question: Сколько выстрелов в минуту делала 57-мм противотанковая пушка образца 1941 года?


57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2)

Context: ZiS-2s were employed by anti-tank artillery platoons of infantry units and by anti-tank artillery units of the reserve of high command, the most numerous of these being anti-tank artillery regiments (Russian Истребительный Противотанковый Артиллерийский Полк, abbreviated ИПТАП). Guns captured by the Germans were given the designation "5.7 cm Pak 208(r)".

Question: Сколько выстрелов в минуту делала 57-мм противотанковая пушка образца 1941 года?


57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2)

Context: The ZiS-2 was also mounted on a few vehicles. In 1941 about one-hundred ZiS-2 guns were mounted on Komsomolets armoured tractor chassis to create the ZiS-30 tank destroyer.

Question: Сколько выстрелов в минуту делала 57-мм противотанковая пушка образца 1941 года?


57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2)

Context: The ZiS-2 gun was also mounted in at least three different prototypes based on the SU-76 assault gun (SU-74, SU-76D, and SU-57B). None were accepted for production.

Question: Сколько выстрелов в минуту делала 57-мм противотанковая пушка образца 1941 года?


57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2)

Context: A modernised version of the ZiS-2 was used in a post-war self-propelled airborne antitank gun known as the ASU-57,

Question: Сколько выстрелов в минуту делала 57-мм противотанковая пушка образца 1941 года?


57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2)

Context: Due to improvements in tank armour protection the ZiS-2 quickly lost its anti-tank value. In Soviet anti-tank artillery forces by the mid-1950s, the ZiS-2 was replaced by a more powerful 100 mm gun. However, its small size and weight kept it in active service with Soviet airborne troops for much longer.

Question: Сколько выстрелов в минуту делала 57-мм противотанковая пушка образца 1941 года?


Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

Context: There was systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, based on the interpretation of political opposition or dissent as a psychiatric problem. It was called "psychopathological mechanisms" of dissent.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: According to the "Commentary" to the post-Soviet "Russian Federation Law on Psychiatric Care", individuals forced to undergo treatment in Soviet psychiatric medical institutions were entitled to rehabilitation in accordance with the established procedure and could claim compensation. The Russian Federation acknowledged that before 1991 psychiatry had been used for political purposes and took responsibility for the victims of "political psychiatry."

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: The political abuse of psychiatry in Russia has continued, nevertheless, since the fall of the Soviet Union and human rights activists may still face the threat of a psychiatric diagnosis for their legitimate civic and political activities.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Political abuse of psychiatry is the misuse of psychiatric diagnosis, detention and treatment for the purposes of obstructing the fundamental human rights of certain groups and individuals in a society. It entails the exculpation and committal of citizens to psychiatric facilities based upon political rather than mental health-based criteria. Many authors, including psychiatrists, also use the terms "Soviet political psychiatry" or "punitive psychiatry" to refer to this phenomenon.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: As Vladimir Bukovsky and Semyon Gluzman wrote in their joint "A Manual on Psychiatry for Dissenters", "the Soviet use of psychiatry as a punitive means is based upon the deliberate interpretation of dissent... as a psychiatric problem."

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: The diagnosis of mental disease can give the state license to detain persons against their will and insist upon therapy both in the interest of the detainee and in the broader interests of society. In addition, receiving a psychiatric diagnosis can in itself be regarded as oppressive. In a monolithic state, psychiatry can be used to bypass standard legal procedures for establishing guilt or innocence and allow political incarceration without the ordinary odium attaching to such political trials.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: The now available evidence supports the conclusion that the system of political abuse of psychiatry was carefully designed by the KGB to rid the USSR of undesirable elements. According to several available documents and a message by a former general of the Fifth (dissident) Directorate of the Ukrainian KGB to Robert van Voren, political abuse of psychiatry as a systematic method of repression was developed by Yuri Andropov along with a selected group of associates.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Political dissidents were usually charged under Articles 70 (agitation and propaganda against the Soviet state) and 190-1 (dissemination of false fabrications defaming the Soviet state and social system) of the RSFSR Criminal Code. Forensic psychiatrists were asked to examine offenders whose mental state was considered abnormal by the investigating officers.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry in Moscow, where persons being prosecuted in court for committing political crimes were subjected to a forensic-psychiatric expert evaluation. Once certified, the accused and convicted were sent for involuntary treatment to the Special Psychiatric Hospitals controlled by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: The accused had no right of appeal. The right was given to their relatives or other interested persons but they were not allowed to nominate psychiatrists to take part in the evaluation, because all psychiatrists were considered fully independent and equally credible before the law.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: A well-documented practice was the use of psychiatric hospitals as temporary prisons during the two or three weeks around the 7 November (October Revolution) Day and May Day celebrations, to isolate "socially dangerous" persons who otherwise might protest in public or manifest other deviant behavior.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In the 1960s, a vigorous movement grew up protesting against abuse of psychiatry in the USSR. Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union was denounced in the course of the Congresses of the World Psychiatric Association in Mexico City (1971), Hawaii (1977), Vienna (1983) and Athens (1989). The campaign to terminate political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR was a key episode in the Cold War, inflicting irretrievable damage on the prestige of medicine in the Soviet Union.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Upon analysis of over 200 well-authenticated cases covering the period 1962–1976, Sidney Bloch and Peter Reddaway developed a classification of the victims of Soviet psychiatric abuse. They were classified as:

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1985, Peter Reddaway and Sidney Bloch provided documented data on some five hundred cases in their book "Soviet Psychiatric Abuse".

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In Ukraine, a study of the origins of the political abuse of psychiatry was conducted for five years on the basis of the State archives. A total of 60 people were again examined. All were citizens of Ukraine, convicted of political crimes and hospitalized on the territory of Ukraine. Not one of them, it turned out, was in need of any psychiatric treatment.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In its 2000 report, the Commission for Rehabilitation of the Victims of Political Repression included only the following four phrases about the political abuse of psychiatry:

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: According to Yuri Savenko, the president of the Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia (the IPA), punitive psychiatry arises on the basis of the interference of three main factors:

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Their interaction system is principally sociological: the presence of the Penal Code article on slandering the state system inevitably results in sending a certain percentage of citizens to forensic psychiatric examination. Thus, it is not psychiatry itself that is punitive, but the totalitarian state uses psychiatry for punitive purposes with ease.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: According to Larry Gostin, the root cause of the problem was the State itself. The definition of danger was radically extended by the Soviet criminal system to cover "political" as well as customary physical types of "danger". As Bloch and Reddaway note, there are no objective reliable criteria to determine whether the person's behavior will be dangerous, and approaches to the definition of dangerousness greatly differ among psychiatrists.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Richard Bonnie, a professor of law and medicine at the University of Virginia School of Law, mentioned the deformed nature of the Soviet psychiatric profession as one of the explanations for why it was so easily bent toward the repressive objectives of the state, and pointed out the importance of a civil society and, in particular, independent professional organizations separate and apart from the state as one of the most substantial lessons from the period.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: According to American psychiatrist Walter Reich, the misdiagnoses of dissidents resulted from some characteristics of Soviet psychiatry that were distortions of standard psychiatric logic, theory, and practice.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Gluzman says that there, of course, may be a different approach to the issue expressed by Michel Foucault.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: According to Michael Perlin, Foucault in his book "Madness and Civilization" documented the history of using institutional psychiatry as a political tool, researched the expanded use of the public hospitals in the 17th century in France and came to the conclusion that "confinement [was an] answer to an economic crisis... reduction of wages, unemployment, scarcity of coin" and, by the 18th century, the psychiatric hospitals satisfied "the indissociably economic and moral demand for confinement."

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: According to American psychiatrist Jonas Robitscher, psychiatry has been playing a part in controlling deviant behavior for three hundred years. Vagrants, "originals," eccentrics, and homeless wanderers who did little harm but were vexatious to the society they lived in were, and sometimes still are, confined to psychiatric hospitals or deprived of their legal rights. Some critics of psychiatry consider the practice as a political use of psychiatry and regard psychiatry as promoting timeserving.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: As Vladimir Bukovsky and Semyon Gluzman point out, it is difficult for the average Soviet psychiatrist to understand the dissident's poor adjustment to Soviet society. This view of dissidence has nothing surprising about it—conformity reigned in Soviet consciousness; a public intolerance of non-conformist behavior always penetrated Soviet culture; and the threshold for deviance from custom was similarly low.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: German psychiatrist Hanfried Helmchen says the uncertainty of diagnosis is prone to other than medical influence, e.g., political influence, as was the case with Soviet dissenters who were stifled by a psychiatric diagnosis, especially that of "sluggish schizophrenia," in order to take them away from society in special psychiatric hospitals.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: According to Russian psychologist Dmitry Leontev, punitive psychiatry in the Soviet Union was based on the assumption that only a madman can go against public dogma and seek for truth and justice.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Vladimir Bukovsky, well known for his struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, explained that using psychiatry against dissidents was usable to the KGB because hospitalization did not have an end date, and, as a result, there were cases when dissidents were kept in psychiatric prison hospitals for 10 or even 15 years. "Once they pump you with drugs, they can forget about you", he said and added, "I saw people who basically were asleep for years."

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: US President Ronald Reagan attributed the view that the "brutal treatment of Soviet dissidents was due to bureaucratic inertia."

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Throughout the post-communist period, the pharmaceutical industry has mainly been an obstacle to reform. Aiming to explore the vast market of the former USSR, they used the situation to make professionals and services totally dependent on their financial sustenance, turned the major attention to the availability of medicines rather than that of psycho-social rehabilitation services, and stimulated corruption within the mental health sector very much.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: The evidence for the misuse of psychiatry for political purposes in the Soviet Union was documented in a number of articles and books. Several national psychiatric associations examined and acted upon this documentation.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: The widely known sources including published and written memoirs by victims of psychiatric arbitrariness convey moral and physical sufferings experienced by the victims in special psychiatric hospitals of the USSR.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In August 1969, Natalya Gorbanevskaya completed "Noon" ("Полдень"), her book about the case of the 25 August 1968 Demonstration on Red Square and began circulating it in samizdat. It was translated into English and published under the title "Red Square at Noon". Parts of the book describe Special Psychiatric Hospitals and psychiatric examinations of dissidents. The book includes "On Special Psychiatric Hospitals", an article written by Pyotr Grigorenko in 1968.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1971, twin brothers Zhores Medvedev and Roy Medvedev published in London their joint account of Zhores' incarceration in a psychiatric hospital and the Soviet practice of diagnosing political oppositionists as the mentally ill in London, in both English "A Question of Madness: Repression by Psychiatry in the Soviet Union" and Russian ("Who is Mad?" "Кто сумасшедший") editions.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Yury Maltsev's "Report from a Madhouse", his memoirs in Russian ("Репортаж из сумасшедшего дома"), were issued by the New York-based "Novy zhurnal" publishing house in 1974.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: 1975 saw the article "My Five Years in Mental Hospitals" by Viktor Fainberg, who had emigrated to France the previous year after four years in the Leningrad Special Psychiatric Hospital.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1976, Viktor Nekipelov published in samizdat his book "Institute of Fools: Notes on the Serbsky Institute" documenting his personal experiences during two months' examination at the Serbsky Institute in Moscow. In 1980, the book was translated and published in English. The book was first published in Russia in 2005.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1972, 1975, 1976, 1984, and 1988 the United States Government Printing Office published documents on political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union .

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: From 1987 to 1991, the International Association on the Political Use of Psychiatry (IAPUP) published forty-two volumes of "Documents on the Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the USSR". Today these are preserved by the Columbia University Libraries in the archival collection entitled "Human

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: Rights Watch Records: Helsinki Watch, 1952–2003, Series VII: Chris Panico Files, 1979–1992, USSR, Psychiatry, International Association on

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: the Political Use of Psychiatry", Box 16, Folder 5–8 (English version) and Box 16, Folder 9–11 (Russian version).

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1992, the British Medical Association published certain some documents on the subject in "Medicine Betrayed: The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses".

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1978, the book "I Vozvrashchaetsa Veter..." ("And the Wind Returns...") by Vladimir Bukovsky, describing the dissident movement, their struggle or freedom, practices of dealing with dissenters, and dozen years spent by Bukovsky in Soviet labor camps, prisons and psychiatric hospitals, was published and later translated into English under the title "To Build a Castle: My Life as a Dissenter".

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1979, Leonid Plyushch published his book "Na Karnavale Istorii" ("At History's Сarnival") in which he described how he and other dissidents were committed to psychiatric hospitals. The same year, the book was translated into English under the title "History's Carnival: A Dissident's Autobiography".

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1980, the book by Yuri Belov "Razmyshlenia ne tolko o Sychovke: Roslavl 1978" ("Reflections not only on Sychovka: Roslavl 1978") was published.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1981, Pyotr Grigorenko published his memoirs "V Podpolye Mozhno Vstretit Tolko Krys" ("In Underground One Can Meet Only Rats"), which included the story of his psychiatric examinations and hospitalizations. In 1982, the book was translated into English under the title "Memoirs".

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1982, Soviet philosopher Pyotr Abovin-Yegides published his article "Paralogizmy politseyskoy psikhiatrii i ikh sootnoshenie s meditsinskoy etikoy (Paralogisms of police psychiatry and their relation to medical ethics)."

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1983, Evgeny Nikolaev's book "Predavshie Gippokrata" ("Betrayers of Hippocrates"), when translated from Russian into German under the title "Gehirnwäsche in Moskau" ("Brainwashing in Moscow"), first came out in München and told about psychiatric detention of its author for political reasons. In 1984, the book under its original title was first published in Russian which the book had originally been written in.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1983, Yuri Vetokhin published his memoirs "Sklonen k Pobegu" translated into English under the title "Inclined to Escape" in 1986.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1987, Robert van Voren published his book "Koryagin: A man Struggling for Human Dignity" telling about psychiatrist Anatoly Koryagin who resisted political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1988, "Reportazh iz Niotkuda" ("Reportage from Nowhere") by Viktor Rafalsky was published. In the publication, he described his confinement in Soviet psychiatric hospitals.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1993, Valeriya Novodvorskaya published her collection of writings "Po Tu Storonu Otchayaniya" ("Beyond Despair") in which her experience in the prison psychiatric hospital in Kazan was described.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: documents that were being submitted to and considered by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The book was translated into English in 1998 under the title "Reckoning With Moscow: A Nuremberg Trial for Soviet Agents and Western Fellow Travelers".

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 2001, Nikolay Kupriyanov published his book "GULAG-2-SN" which has a foreword by Anatoly Sobchak, covers repressive psychiatry in Soviet Army, and tells about humiliations Kupriyanov underwent in the psychiatric departments of the Northern Fleet hospital and the Kirov Military Medical Academy.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 2002, St. Petersburg forensic psychiatrist Vladimir Pshizov published his book "Sindrom Zamknutogo Prostranstva" ("Syndrome of Closed Space") describing the hospitalization of Viktor Fainberg.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 2003, the book "Moyа Sudba i Moyа Borba protiv Psikhiatrov" ("My Destiny and My Struggle against Psychiatrists") was published by Anatoly Serov, who worked as a lead design engineer before he was committed to a psychiatric hospital.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 2010, Alexander Shatravka published his book "Pobeg iz Raya" ("Escape from Paradise") in which he described how he and his companions were caught after they illegally crossed the border between Finland and the Soviet Union to escape from the latter country and, as a result, were confined to Soviet psychiatric hospitals and prisons. In his book, he also described methods of brutal treatment of prisoners in the institutions.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 2012, Soviet dissident and believer Vladimir Khailo's wife published her book "Subjected to Intense Persecution".

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: 2014 saw the book "Zha Zholtoy Stenoy" ("Behind the Yellow Wall") by Alexander Avgust, a former inmate of Soviet psychiatric hospitals who in his book describes the wider circle of their inhabitants than literature on the issue usually does.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1965, Valery Tarsis published in the West his book "Ward 7: An Autobiographical Novel" based upon his own experiences in 1963–1964 when he was detained in the Moscow Kashchenko psychiatric hospital for political reasons. The book was the first literary work to deal with the Soviet authorities' abuse of psychiatry.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In 1977, British playwright Tom Stoppard wrote the play "Every Good Boy Deserves Favour" that criticized the Soviet practice of treating political dissidence as a form of mental illness. The play is dedicated to Viktor Fainberg and Vladimir Bukovsky, two Soviet dissidents expelled to the West.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: In the 1983 novel "Firefox Down" by Craig Thomas, captured American pilot Mitchell Gant is imprisoned in a KGB psychiatric clinic "associated with the Serbsky Institute", where he is drugged and interrogated to force him to reveal the location of the Firefox aircraft, which he has stolen and flown out of Russia.

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Context: The use of psychiatry for political purposes in the USSR was discussed in several television documentaries:

Question: Кто первым ввел термин карательная психиатрия?


Usain Bolt

Context: Usain St. Leo Bolt, , (; born 21 August 1986) is a retired Jamaican sprinter, widely considered to be the greatest sprinter of all time. He is the world record holder in the 100 metres, 200 metres, and 4 × 100 metres relay.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: An eight-time Olympic gold medallist, Bolt is the only sprinter to win Olympic 100 m and 200 m titles at three consecutive Olympics (2008, 2012, and 2016). He also won two 4 × 100 relay gold medals. He gained worldwide fame for his double sprint victory in world record times at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which made him the first person to hold both records since fully automatic time became mandatory.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: An eleven-time World Champion, he won consecutive World Championship 100 m, 200 m and 4 × 100 metres relay gold medals from 2009 to 2015, with the exception of a 100 m false start in 2011. He is the most successful male athlete of the World Championships. Bolt is the first athlete to win four World Championship titles in the 200 m and is one of the most successful in the 100 m with three titles.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: When Bolt was a boy, he attended Sherwood Content Seventh-day Adventist Church in Trelawny, Jamaica, with his mother. His mother did not serve pork to him in accordance with Adventist beliefs.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Representing Jamaica in his first Caribbean regional event, Bolt clocked a personal best time of 48.28 s in the 400 metres in the 2001 CARIFTA Games, winning a silver medal. The 200 m also yielded a silver, as Bolt finished in 21.81 s.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt turned his main focus to the 200 m and equalled Roy Martin's world junior record of 20.13 s at the Pan-American Junior Championships. This performance attracted interest from the press, and his times in the 200 m and 400 m led to him being touted as a possible successor to Johnson. Indeed, at sixteen years old, Bolt had reached times that Johnson did not register until he was twenty, and Bolt's 200 m time was superior to Maurice Greene's season's best that year.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Mills complied with Bolt's demand to run in the 100 m, and he was entered to run the event at the 23rd Vardinoyiannia meeting in Rethymno, Crete. In his debut tournament, he won the gold medal in a time of 10.03 s, feeding his enthusiasm for the event.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: He built on this achievement at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka, Japan, winning a silver medal. Bolt recorded 19.91 s with a headwind of 0.8 m/s. The race was won by Tyson Gay in 19.76 s, a new championship record.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt was a member of the silver medal relay team with Asafa Powell, Marvin Anderson, and Nesta Carter in the 4×100 metres relay. Jamaica set a national record of 37.89 s. Bolt did not win any gold medals at the major tournaments in 2007, but Mills felt that Bolt's technique was much improved, pinpointing improvements in Bolt's balance at the turns over 200 m and an increase in his stride frequency, giving him more driving power on the track.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: On 31 May 2008, Bolt set a new 100 m world record at the Reebok Grand Prix in the Icahn Stadium in New York City. He ran 9.72s with a tail wind of 1.7 m/s. This race was Bolt's fifth senior 100 m. Gay again finished second and said of Bolt: "It looked like his knees were going past my face." Commentators noted that Bolt appeared to have gained a psychological advantage over fellow Olympic contender Gay.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt doubled-up with the 100 metres and 200 metres events at the Beijing Summer Olympics. As the new 100 m world-record holder, he was the favourite to win both races. Michael Johnson, the 200 m and 400 m record holder, personally backed the sprinter, saying that he did not believe that a lack of experience would work against him. Bolt qualified for the 100 m final with times of 9.92 s and 9.85 s in the quarter-finals and semi-finals, respectively.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: On his return to Jamaica, Bolt was honoured in a homecoming celebration and received an Order of Distinction in recognition of his achievements at the Olympics. Additionally, Bolt was selected as the IAAF Male Athlete of the year, won a Special Olympic Award for his performances, and was named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year. Bolt turned his attention to future events, suggesting that he could aim to break the 400 metres world record in 2010 as no major championships were scheduled that year.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: On the last day of the Berlin Championships, the Governing Mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit, presented Bolt with a 12-foot high section of the Berlin Wall in a small ceremony, saying Bolt had shown that "one can tear down walls that had been considered as insurmountable." The nearly three-ton segment was delivered to the Jamaica Military Museum in Kingston.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Several days after Bolt broke the world records in 100 and 200 metres events, Mike Powell, the world record holder in long jump (8.95 metres set in 1991) argued that Bolt could become the first man to jump over 9 metres, the long jump event being "a perfect fit for his speed and height". At the end of the season, he was selected as the IAAF World Athlete of the Year for the second year running.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt went undefeated over 100 m and 200 m in the 2011 season. He began with wins in Rome and Ostrava in May. He ran his first 200 m in over a year in Oslo that June and his time of 19.86 seconds was a world-leading one. Two further 200 m wins came in Paris and Stockholm the following month, as did a 100 m in Monaco, though he was a tenth of a second slower than compatriot Asafa Powell before the world championships.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt began the 2012 season with a leading 100 m time of 9.82 seconds in May. He defeated Asafa Powell with runs of 9.76 seconds in Rome and 9.79 in Oslo. At the Jamaican Athletics Championships, he lost to Yohan Blake, first in the 200 m and then in the 100 m, with his younger rival setting leading times for the year.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: On the final day of the 2012 Olympic athletics, Bolt participated in Jamaica's gold medal-winning 4×100 metres relay team along with Nesta Carter, Michael Frater and Blake. With a time of 36.84 seconds, they knocked two tenths of a second from their previous world record from 2011. He celebrated by imitating the "Mobot" celebration of Mo Farah, who had claimed a long-distance track double for the host nation.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge initially stated that Bolt was not yet a "legend" and would not deserve such acclaim until the end of his career, but later called him the best sprinter of all time. Following the Olympics he was confirmed as the highest earning track and field athlete in history.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt ended his season with wins on the 2012 IAAF Diamond League circuit; he had 200 m wins of 19.58 and 19.66 in Lausanne and Zürich before closing with a 100 m of 9.86 in Brussels. The latter run brought him his first Diamond League title in the 100 m.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt regained the title as world's fastest man by winning the World Championships 100 metres in Moscow. In wet conditions, he edged Gatlin by eight hundredths of a second with 9.77, which was the fastest run that year. Gatlin was the sole non-Jamaican in the top five, with Nesta Carter, Nickel Ashmeade and Bailey-Cole finishing next.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt was less challenged in the 200 m final. His closest rival was Jamaican champion Warren Weir but Bolt ran a time of 19.66 to finish over a tenth of a second clear. This performance made Bolt the first man in the history of the 200 metres at the World Championships in Athletics to win three gold medals over the distance.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: After the championships, Bolt took 100 m wins on the 2013 IAAF Diamond League circuit in Zürich and Brussels. He remained unbeaten in the 200 m and his only loss that year was to Gatlin over 100 m in Rome. For the fifth time in six years, Bolt was named IAAF World Male Athlete of the Year.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In August 2014, Bolt set the indoor 100 m world record in Warsaw with a time of 9.98 seconds. This was his sole individual outing of the 2014 season. Soon afterwards he ended his season early in order to be fit for the 2015 season. In Bolt's absence, Justin Gatlin had dominated the sprints, holding the year's fastest times, including seven of the top ten 100 m runs that season.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: At the start of 2015, he intended to make the 2017 World Championships in Athletics his last major competition before retirement.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In the World Championships 100 m, Bolt won his semi-final in 9.96, which lagged Gatlin's semi-final win in 9.77 seconds. However, Gatlin did not match that form in the final while Bolt improved through the rounds. In a narrow victory, Bolt leaned at the line to beat Gatlin 9.79 to 9.80 seconds. Bolt joined Carl Lewis and Maurice Greene on a record three 100 m world titles.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: There was also a fourth straight win in the 4 × 100 metres relay with the Jamaica team (Nesta Carter, Asafa Powell, Nickel Ashmeade, Usain Bolt). The Americans initially had a lead, but a poor baton exchange saw them disqualified and Jamaica defend their title in 37.36 seconds – well clear of the Chinese team who took a surprise silver for the host nation.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Conscious of his injuries at the start of the season, he did not compete after the World Championships, skipping the 2015 IAAF Diamond League final.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt took a financial stake in a new Australia-based track and field meeting series – Nitro Athletics. He performed at the inaugural meet in February 2017 and led his team (Bolt All-Stars) to victory. The competition featured variations on traditional track and field events. He committed himself to three further editions.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In 2017, the Jamaican team was stripped of the 2008 Olympics 4×100 metre title due to Nesta Carter's disqualification for doping offences. Bolt, who never failed a dope test, was quoted by the BBC saying that the prospect of having to return the gold was "heartbreaking". The banned substance in Carter's test was identified as methylhexanamine, a nasal decongestant sometimes used in dietary supplements.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Following his 2017 season, Bolt had a statue of him unveiled in his honour at the National Stadium in Kingston on 3 December 2017. The statue shows him in his signature "lightning bolt" pose.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt expresses a love for dancing and his character is frequently described as laid-back and relaxed. His Jamaican track and field idols include Herb McKenley and former Jamaican 100 m and 200 m world record holder Don Quarrie. Michael Johnson, the former 200 m world and Olympic record holder, is also held in high esteem by Bolt.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt has the nickname "Lightning Bolt" due to his name and speed. He is Catholic and known for making the sign of the cross before racing competitively, and he wears a Miraculous Medal during his races. His middle name is St. Leo.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In 2010, Bolt also revealed his fondness of music, when he played a reggae DJ set to a crowd in Paris. He is also an avid fan of the "Call of Duty" video game series, saying, "I stay up late [playing the game online], I can't help it."

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In his autobiography, Bolt reveals that he has suffered from scoliosis, a condition that has curved his spine to the right and has made his right leg shorter than his left. A result of this is that his left leg remains on the ground 14 percent longer than his right leg, with left leg striking the ground with a force of and right with . Biomechanics researchers have studied, with no firm conclusions, whether this asymmetry has helped or hurt Bolt in his sprinting career.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In 2021, Bolt told the BBC that his love for video games, such as Mario Kart and Mortal Kombat, helped him during his Olympic career.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: On 17 May 2020, Bolt's longtime girlfriend Kasi Bennett gave birth to their first child, a daughter named Olympia Lightning Bolt. Bolt and Bennett welcomed twin boys named Saint Leo and Thunder in June 2021.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: After talking with Australian cricketer Shane Warne, Bolt suggested that if he were able to get time off he would be interested in playing in the cricket Big Bash League. Melbourne Stars chief executive Clint Cooper said there were free spots on his team should be available. Bolt stated that he enjoyed the Twenty20 version of the game, admiring the aggressive and constant nature of the batting. On his own ability, he said "I don't know how good I am. I will probably have to get a lot of practice in."

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: Bolt is also a fan of Premier League football team Manchester United. He has declared he is a fan of Dutch striker Ruud van Nistelrooy. Bolt was a special guest of Manchester United at the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final in London, where he stated that he would like to play for them after his retirement.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In 2013, Bolt played basketball in the NBA All-Star Weekend Celebrity Game. He scored two points from a slam dunk but acknowledged his other basketball skills were lacking.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In an interview with Decca Aitkenhead of "The Guardian" in November 2016, Bolt said he wished to play as a professional footballer after retiring from track and field. He reiterated his desire to play for Manchester United if given a chance and added, "For me, if I could get to play for Manchester United, that would be like a dream come true. Yes, that would be epic."

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?


Usain Bolt

Context: In 2018, after training with Norwegian side Strømsgodset, Bolt played for the club as a forward in a friendly match against the Norway national under-19 team. He wore the number "9.58" in allusion to his 100 m world record. Bolt wore the same number whilst captaining the World XI during Soccer Aid 2018 at Old Trafford.

Question: В каком возрасте Усэйн Болт начал заниматься бегом?