Space exploration

Context: Breakthrough Starshot is a research and engineering project by the Breakthrough Initiatives to develop a proof-of-concept fleet of light sail spacecraft named "StarChip", to be capable of making the journey to the Alpha Centauri star system 4.37 light-years away. It was founded in 2016 by Yuri Milner, Stephen Hawking, and Mark Zuckerberg.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: The Artemis program is an ongoing crewed spaceflight program carried out by NASA, U.S. commercial spaceflight companies, and international partners such as ESA, with the goal of landing "the first woman and the next man" on the Moon, specifically at the lunar south pole region by 2024. Artemis would be the next step towards the long-term goal of establishing a sustainable presence on the Moon, laying the foundation for private companies to build a lunar economy, and eventually sending humans to Mars.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: These motivations could be attributed to one of the first rocket scientists in NASA, Wernher von Braun, and his vision of humans moving beyond Earth. The basis of this plan was to:

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Development of large, winged reusable spacecraft capable of carrying humans and equipment into Earth orbit in a way that made space access routine and cost-effective.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Construction of a large, permanently occupied space station to be used as a platform both to observe Earth and from which to launch deep space expeditions.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Launching the first human flights around the Moon, leading to the first landings of humans on the Moon, with the intent of exploring that body and establishing permanent lunar bases.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Assembly and fueling of spaceships in Earth orbit for the purpose of sending humans to Mars with the intent of eventually colonizing that planet".

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: NASA has produced a series of public service announcement videos supporting the concept of space exploration.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Overall, the public remains largely supportive of both crewed and uncrewed space exploration. According to an Associated Press Poll conducted in July 2003, 71% of U.S. citizens agreed with the statement that the space program is "a good investment", compared to 21% who did not.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: This advocacy has been criticized by scholars as essentializing and continuation of colonialism, particularly manifest destiny, making space exploration misaligned with science and a less inclusive field.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: "Spaceflight" is the use of space technology to achieve the flight of spacecraft into and through outer space.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Spaceflight is used in space exploration, and also in commercial activities like space tourism and satellite telecommunications. Additional non-commercial uses of spaceflight include space observatories, reconnaissance satellites and other Earth observation satellites.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: A spaceflight typically begins with a rocket launch, which provides the initial thrust to overcome the force of gravity and propels the spacecraft from the surface of Earth. Once in space, the motion of a spacecraft—both when unpropelled and when under propulsion—is covered by the area of study called astrodynamics. Some spacecraft remain in space indefinitely, some disintegrate during atmospheric reentry, and others reach a planetary or lunar surface for landing or impact.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Satellites are used for a large number of purposes. Common types include military (spy) and civilian Earth observation satellites, communication satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Private spaceflight companies such as SpaceX and Blue Origin, and commercial space stations such as the Axiom Space and the Bigelow Commercial Space Station have dramatically changed the landscape of space exploration, and will continue to do so in the near future.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Radiation is perhaps the most insidious health hazard to space travelers as it is invisible to the naked eye and can cause cancer. Space craft are no longer protected from the sun's radiation as they are positioned above the Earth's magnetic field; the danger of radiation is even more potent when one enters deep space. The hazards of radiation can be ameliorated through protective shielding on the spacecraft, alerts, and dosimetry.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Space colonization, also called space settlement and space humanization, would be the permanent autonomous (self-sufficient) human habitation of locations outside Earth, especially of natural satellites or planets such as the Moon or Mars, using significant amounts of in-situ resource utilization.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Since then, eleven other countries have allowed women astronauts. The first all female space walk occurred in 2018, including Christina Koch and Jessica Meir. These two women have both participated in separate space walks with NASA. The first woman to go to the moon is planned for 2024.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Despite these developments women are still underrepresented among astronauts and especially cosmonauts. Issues that block potential applicants from the programs and limit the space missions they are able to go on, are for example:

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Space exploration

Context: Artistry in and from space ranges from signals, capturing and arranging material like Yuri Gagarin's selfie in space or the image The Blue Marble, over drawings like the first one in space by cosmonaut and artist Alexei Leonov, music videos like Chris Hadfield's cover of Space Oddity on board the ISS, to permanent installations on celestial bodies like on the Moon.

Question: Minä vuonna avaruutta tutkittiin ensimmäisen kerran?


Tom Fletcher

Context: He also cowrote the song "Own This Town" with the British band Chapter 13 for their "Britain's Got Talent" semi-final performance.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: Fletcher released his first children's book in 2012. Co-written with band-mate Dougie Poynter, "The Dinosaur that Pooped Christmas" sold more than 72,000 copies and became the most popular debut children's book of 2012. A follow up titled "The Dinosaur that Pooped a Planet" was released on 29 August 2013.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: Fletcher released his first solo novel, "The Christmasaurus", on 6 October 2016, about a young boy called William Trundle who goes on a magical adventure on Christmas Eve. On 6 October 2017, a musical version of the book, entitled "The Christmasaurus: Musical Edition", was released.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: On 21 March 2019, Fletcher released his second novel and released a Lead single from the soundtrack to "THE CREAKERS: THE MUSICAL EDITION " called "Don't Turn Out The Light" (featuring Chapter 13) from "Britain's Got Talent", along with a music video.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: Fletcher released "The Christmasaurus and the Winter Witch" in October 2019, a sequel to his first solo novel "The Christmasaurus".

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: In November 2020, a series of Fletcher's books appeared in McDonald's Happy Meals as activity packs, including stickers.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: In 2008, Fletcher contributed to the short story anthology "Wow! 366". Fletcher and the other members of McFly released their memoir "Unsaid Things... Our Story" in the autumn of 2012.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: Fletcher has a strong YouTube audience with just over 633,000 subscribers. He was a frequent vlogger, filming his daily life and his life while he was on tour with McFly.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: Between September and November 2021 Fletcher was a contestant on the nineteenth series of "Strictly Come Dancing", partnered with professional dancer Amy Dowden. On 26 September it was announced that both had contracted COVID-19 and would miss the following week's show. On 21 November they were the eighth couple to be eliminated from the contest, after a dance-off against Rhys Stephenson and Nancy Xu.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: On 18 April 2011, Fletcher became engaged to his schoolmate and longtime girlfriend Giovanna Falcone. They were married on 12 May 2012. In January 2013, Fletcher uploaded a video to YouTube, titled "My Wedding Speech", in which he sang to the tunes of several of McFly's most successful songs during his speech: the video has received over 22 million views.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: Fletcher's wife Giovanna is also a YouTube Vlogger and a bestselling-author. Her books, "Billy and Me", "You're the One That I Want", "Christmas with Billy and Me", "Dream a Little Dream", and "Dream a Little Christmas Dream" are published by Penguin's Michael Joseph. She also released a book in 2017 about motherhood titled, "Happy Mum, Happy Baby". She also blogs weekly for "Hello!" magazine.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: Fletcher's younger sister is Carrie Hope Fletcher, an actress, author, singer and YouTube vlogger. Carrie joined him to produce the 2012 Olympic Mascot song, "On a Rainbow". Carrie also joined as a part of the cast of "The Christmasaurus Live", a live production of Tom's debut children's novel of the same name. She played the part of Brenda Payne and sang two solo songs, "Thin Ice" and "I've Been a Good Girl".

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: In McFly's autobiography "Unsaid Things", Fletcher discussed his diagnosis of bipolar disorder, which he has stated was a great influence over McFly's second album, "Wonderland". He has also described his struggles with his eating disorder, weight, and obsessive dieting.

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Tom Fletcher

Context: In June 2021, Fletcher and his wife apologised for using the government scheme to furlough an employee. Fletcher and wife Giovanna released a statement on social media clarifying that the money had been returned and admitted that "it was a huge error of judgement."

Question: Minä vuonna Tom Fletcher on syntynyt?


Industrial Age

Context: While it is commonly believed that the Industrial Age was supplanted by the Information Age in the late 20th century, a view that has become common since the Revolutions of 1989, much of the Third World economy is still based on manufacturing. It is thus debatable whether civilisation has left the Industrial Age already or is still in it and in the process of reaching the Information Age.

Question: Minä vuonna teollistuminen alkoi?


Industrial Age

Context: Huge changes in agricultural methods made the Industrial Revolution possible. This agricultural revolution started with changes in farming in the Netherlands, later developed by the British.

Question: Minä vuonna teollistuminen alkoi?


Industrial Age

Context: The Industrial Age began in Great Britain in the mid 18th century and was fueled by coal mining from places such as Wales and County Durham.

Question: Minä vuonna teollistuminen alkoi?


Industrial Age

Context: The steam engine allowed for steamboats and the locomotives, which made transportation much faster. By the mid-19th century the Industrial Revolution had spread to Continental Europe and North America, and since then it has spread to most of the world.

Question: Minä vuonna teollistuminen alkoi?


Industrial Age

Context: In 1712, Thomas Newcomen produced the first successful steam engine, and in 1769, James Watt patented the modern steam engine. As a result, steam replaced water as industry's major power source.

Question: Minä vuonna teollistuminen alkoi?


Industrial Age

Context: The Industrial Age is defined by mass production, broadcasting, the rise of the nation state, power, modern medicine and running water. The quality of human life has increased dramatically during the Industrial Age. Life expectancy today worldwide is more than twice as high as it was when the Industrial Revolution began.

Question: Minä vuonna teollistuminen alkoi?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Affective states vary along three principal dimensions: valence, arousal, and motivational intensity.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: It is important to note that arousal is different from motivational intensity. While arousal is a construct that is closely related to motivational intensity, they differ in that motivation necessarily implies action while arousal does not.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Affect is sometimes used to mean affect display, which is "a facial, vocal, or gestural behavior that serves as an indicator of affect" (APA 2006).

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Affect can influence cognitive scope (the breadth of cognitive processes). Initially, it was thought that positive affects broadened whereas negative affects narrowed cognitive scope. However, evidence now suggests that affects high in motivational intensity narrow cognitive scope whereas affects low in motivational intensity broaden it. The construct of cognitive scope could be valuable in cognitive psychology.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: According to a research article about affect tolerance written by psychiatrist Jerome Sashin, "Affect tolerance can be defined as the ability to respond to a stimulus which would ordinarily be expected to evoke affects by the subjective experiencing of feelings." Essentially it refers to one's ability to react to emotions and feelings. One who is low in affect tolerance would show little to no reaction to emotion and feeling of any kind. This is closely related to alexithymia.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: The affective domain represents one of the three divisions described in modern psychology: the other two being the behavioral, and the cognitive. Classically, these divisions have also been referred to as the "ABC's of psychology", However, in certain views, the "cognitive" may be considered as a part of the affective, or the "affective" as a part of the cognitive; it is important to note that "cognitive and affective states … [are] merely analytic categories."

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: "Affect" can mean an instinctual reaction to stimulation that occurs before the typical cognitive processes considered necessary for the formation of a more complex emotion. Robert B. Zajonc asserts this reaction to stimuli is primary for human beings and that it is the dominant reaction for non-human organisms. Zajonc suggests that affective reactions can occur without extensive perceptual and cognitive encoding and be made sooner and with greater confidence than cognitive judgments (Zajonc, 1980).

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: A divergence from a narrow reinforcement model of emotion allows other perspectives about how affect influences emotional development. Thus, temperament, cognitive development, socialization patterns, and the idiosyncrasies of one's family or subculture might interact in nonlinear ways. For example, the temperament of a highly reactive/low self-soothing infant may "disproportionately" affect the process of emotion regulation in the early months of life (Griffiths, 1997).

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: The modern conception of affect developed in the 19th century with Wilhelm Wundt. The word comes from the German "Gefühl", meaning "feeling."

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Mroczek and Kolarz have also developed another set of scales to measure positive and negative affect. Each of the scales has 6 items. The scales have shown evidence of acceptable validity and reliability across cultures.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Arousal is a basic physiological response to the presentation of stimuli. When this occurs, a non-conscious affective process takes the form of two control mechanisms: one mobilizing and the other immobilizing. Within the human brain, the amygdala regulates an instinctual reaction initiating this arousal process, either freezing the individual or accelerating mobilization.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Motivation intensity refers to the strength of urge to move toward or away from a particular stimulus.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Affect display is a critical facet of interpersonal communication. Evolutionary psychologists have advanced the hypothesis that hominids have evolved with sophisticated capability of reading affect displays.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Emotions are portrayed as dynamic processes that mediate the individual's relation to a continually changing social environment. In other words, emotions are considered to be processes of establishing, maintaining, or disrupting the relation between the organism and the environment on matters of significance to the person.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Most social and psychological phenomena occur as the result of repeated interactions between multiple individuals over time. These interactions should be seen as a multi-agent system—a system that contains multiple agents interacting with each other and/or with their environments over time. The outcomes of individual agents' behaviors are interdependent: Each agent's ability to achieve its goals depends on not only what it does but also what other agents do.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Emotions are one of the main sources for the interaction. Emotions of an individual influence the emotions, thoughts and behaviors of others; others' reactions can then influence their future interactions with the individual expressing the original emotion, as well as that individual's future emotions and behaviors. Emotion operates in cycles that can involve multiple people in a process of reciprocal influence.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Affect, emotion, or feeling is displayed to others through facial expressions, hand gestures, posture, voice characteristics, and other physical manifestation. These affect displays vary between and within cultures and are displayed in various forms ranging from the most discrete of facial expressions to the most dramatic and prolific gestures.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Observers are sensitive to agents' emotions, and are capable of recognizing the messages these emotions convey. They react to and draw inferences from an agent's emotions. The emotion an agent displays may not be an authentic reflection of his or her actual state (See also Emotional labor).

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: Emotion may affect not only the person at whom it was directed, but also third parties who observe an agent's emotion. Moreover, emotions can affect larger social entities such as a group or a team. Emotions are a kind of message and therefore can influence the emotions, attributions and ensuing behaviors of others, potentially evoking a feedback process to the original agent.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Affect (psychology)

Context: People may not only react emotionally, but may also draw inferences about emotive agents such as the social status or power of an emotive agent, his competence and his credibility. For example, an agent presumed to be angry may also be presumed to have high power.

Question: Mikä on affekti?


Solomon Islands

Context: The official name of the then-British administration was changed from the "British Solomon Islands Protectorate" to "The Solomon Islands" in 1975, and self-government was achieved the following year. Independence was obtained, and the name changed to just "Solomon Islands" (without the definite article), in 1978. At independence, Solomon Islands became a constitutional monarchy. The Queen of Solomon Islands is Elizabeth II, represented by the Governor-General.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: In April, 2003, seven Christian brothers - Brother Robin Lindsay and his companions - were martyred on the Weather Coast of Guadalcanal by rebel leader, Harold Keke. Six had gone in search of their Brother Nathaniel, who it turns out had already been tortured and killed. During the tensions Nathaniel had befriended the militant group but Harold Keke accussed him of being a government spy and he was beaten to death while singing hymns. They are commemorated by the church on 24 April.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: In November 2021, there was mass rioting and unrest. The Solomon Islands Government requested assistance from Australia under the 2017 Bilateral Security Treaty and Australia provided a deployment of Australian Federal Police and Defence Forces.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Solomon Islands is a constitutional monarchy and has a parliamentary system of government. As Queen of Solomon Islands, Elizabeth II is head of state; she is represented by the Governor-General who is chosen by the Parliament for a five-year term. There is a unicameral parliament of 50 members, elected for four-year terms. However, Parliament may be dissolved by majority vote of its members before the completion of its term.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Parliamentary representation is based on single-member constituencies. Suffrage is universal for citizens over age 21. The head of government is the Prime Minister, who is elected by Parliament and chooses the cabinet. Each ministry is headed by a cabinet member, who is assisted by a permanent secretary, a career public servant who directs the staff of the ministry.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Solomon Islands governments are characterised by weak political parties (see List of political parties in Solomon Islands) and highly unstable parliamentary coalitions. They are subject to frequent votes of no confidence, leading to frequent changes in government leadership and cabinet appointments.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Land ownership is reserved for Solomon Islanders. The law provides that resident expatriates, such as the Chinese and Kiribati, may obtain citizenship through naturalisation. Land generally is still held on a family or village basis and may be handed down from mother or father according to local custom. The islanders are reluctant to provide land for nontraditional economic undertakings, and this has resulted in continual disputes over land ownership.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: On 13 December 2007, Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare was toppled by a vote of no confidence in Parliament, following the defection of five ministers to the opposition. It was the first time a prime minister had lost office in this way in Solomon Islands. On 20 December, the parliament elected the opposition's candidate (and former Minister for Education) Derek Sikua as Prime Minister, in a vote of 32 to 15.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The Governor-General appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition. The Governor-General appoints the other justices with the advice of a judicial commission. The current Chief Justice is Sir Albert Palmer.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Since March 2014 Justice Edwin Goldsbrough has served as the President of the Court of Appeal for Solomon Islands. Justice Goldsbrough has previously served a five-year term as a Judge of the High Court of Solomon Islands (2006–2011). Justice Edwin Goldsbrough then served as the Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Solomon Islands is a member of the United Nations, Interpol, Commonwealth of Nations, Pacific Islands Forum, Pacific Community, International Monetary Fund, and the African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries (Lomé Convention).

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: In the long term, it is anticipated that the RSIPF will resume the defence role of the country. The police force is headed by a commissioner, appointed by the Governor-General and responsible to the Minister of Police, National Security & Correctional Services.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The police budget of Solomon Islands has been strained due to a four-year civil war. Following Cyclone Zoe's strike on the islands of Tikopia and Anuta in December 2002, Australia had to provide the Solomon Islands government with 200,000 Solomon dollars ($50,000 Australian) for fuel and supplies for the patrol boat "Lata" to sail with relief supplies. (Part of the work of RAMSI includes assisting the Solomon Islands government to stabilise its budget.)

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: For local government, the country is divided into ten administrative areas, of which nine are provinces administered by elected provincial assemblies and the tenth is the capital Honiara, administered by the Honiara Town Council.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: There are human rights concerns and issues in regards to education, water, sanitation, gender equality, and domestic violence.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Although Bougainville is the largest island in the Solomon Islands archipelago it is politically an autonomous region of Papua New Guinea and does not form part of the nation of Solomon Islands.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The country's islands lie between latitudes 5° and 13°S, and longitudes 155° and 169°E. The distance between the westernmost and easternmost islands is about . The Santa Cruz Islands (of which Tikopia is part) are situated north of Vanuatu and are especially isolated at more than from the other islands.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The islands' ocean-equatorial climate is extremely humid throughout the year, with a mean temperature of and few extremes of temperature or weather. June through August is the cooler period. Though seasons are not pronounced, the northwesterly winds of November through April bring more frequent rainfall and occasional squalls or cyclones. The annual rainfall is about . According to the WorldRiskReport 2021, the island state ranks second among the countries with the highest disaster risk worldwide.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The islands contain several active and dormant volcanoes. The Tinakula and Kavachi volcanoes are the most active.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: On the southern side of Vangunu Island, the forests around the tiny community of Zaira are unique, providing habitat for at least three vulnerable species of animals. The 200 human inhabitants of the area have been trying to get the forests declared a protected area, so that logging and mining cannot disturb and pollute the pristine forests and coastline.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The baseline survey of marine biodiversity in the Solomon Islands that was carried out in 2004, found 474 species of corals in the Solomons as well as nine species which could be new to science. This is the second highest diversity of corals in the World, second only to the Raja Ampat Islands in eastern Indonesia.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: On 6 February 2013, an earthquake with magnitude of 8.0 occurred at epicentre S10.80 E165.11 in the Santa Cruz Islands followed by a tsunami up to 1.5 metres. At least nine people were killed and many houses demolished. The main quake was preceded by a sequence of earthquakes with a magnitude of up to 6.0.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Solomon Islands' per-capita GDP of $600 ranks it as a lesser developed nation, and more than 75% of its labour force is engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. Only 3.9% of the area of the islands are used for agriculture, and 78.1% are covered by forests making the Solomon Islands the 103rd ranked country covered by forests worldwide.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The Solomon Islands Government was insolvent by 2002. Since the RAMSI intervention in 2003, the government has recast its budget. It has consolidated and renegotiated its domestic debt and with Australian backing, is now seeking to renegotiate its foreign obligations. Principal aid donors are Australia, New Zealand, the European Union, Japan and Taiwan.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Until 1998, when world prices for tropical timber fell steeply, timber was Solomon Islands' main export product, and, in recent years, Solomon Islands forests were dangerously overexploited. In the wake of the ethnic violence in June 2000, exports of palm oil and gold ceased while exports of timber fell.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Recently, Solomon Islands courts have re-approved the export of live dolphins for profit, most recently to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. This practice was originally stopped by the government in 2004 after international uproar over a shipment of 28 live dolphins to Mexico. The move resulted in criticism from both Australia and New Zealand as well as several conservation organisations. As of 2019, rough wood still makes up two-thirds of export.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: For the local market but not for export many families grow taro (2017: 45,901 tons), rice (2017: 2,789 tons), yams (2017: 44,940 tons) and bananas (2017: 313 tons). Tobacco (2017: 118 tons) and spices (2017: 217 tons). are grown for the local market as well.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: In 1998 gold mining began at Gold Ridge on Guadalcanal. Minerals exploration in other areas continued. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. Negotiations are underway that may lead to the eventual reopening of the Gold Ridge mine which was closed after the riots in 2006.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Solomon Islands' fisheries also offer prospects for export and domestic economic expansion. A Japanese joint venture, Solomon Taiyo Ltd., which operated the only fish cannery in the country, closed in mid-2000 as a result of the ethnic disturbances. Though the plant has reopened under local management, the export of tuna has not resumed.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Tourism, particularly diving, could become an important service industry for Solomon Islands. Tourism growth, however, is hampered by lack of infrastructure and transportation limitations. In 2017 the Solomon Islands were visited by 26,000 tourists making the country one of the least frequently-visited countries of the world. The country's government hopes to increase the number of tourists up to 30,000 by the end of 2019 and up to 60,000 tourists per year by the end of 2025.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: A team of renewable energy developers working for the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) and funded by the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP), have developed a scheme that allows local communities to access renewable energy, such as solar, water and wind power, without the need to raise substantial sums of cash. Under the scheme, islanders who are unable to pay for solar lanterns in cash may pay instead in kind with crops.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Solomon Airlines connects Honiara to Nadi in Fiji, Port Vila in Vanuatu and Brisbane in Australia as well as to more than 20 domestic airports in each province of the country. To promote tourism Solomon Airlines introduced a weekly direct flight connection between Brisbane and Munda in 2019. Virgin Australia connects Honiara to Brisbane twice a week. Most of the domestic airports are accessible to small planes only as they have short, grass runways.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The road system in Solomon Islands is insufficient and there are no railways. The most important roads connect Honiara to Lambi (58 km; 36 miles) in the western part of Guadalcanal and to Aola (75 km; 47 miles) in the eastern part. There are few buses and these do not circulate according to a fixed timetable. In Honiara there is no bus terminus. The most important bus stop is in front of the Central Market.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Most of the islands can be reached by ferry from Honiara. There is a daily connection from Honiara to Auki via Tulagi by a high speed catamaran.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The majority of Solomon Islanders are ethnically Melanesian (95.3%). Polynesian (3.1%) and Micronesian (1.2%) are the two other significant groups. There are a few thousand Europeans and a similar number of ethnic Chinese.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: While English is the official language, only 1–2% of the population are able to communicate fluently in English. However, an English creole, Solomons Pijin, is a "de facto" lingua franca of the country spoken by the majority of the population, along with local indigenous languages. Pijin is closely related to Tok Pisin spoken in Papua New Guinea.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The religion of Solomon Islands is 92% Christian. The main Christian denominations are: Anglican 35%, Catholic 19%, the South Seas Evangelical Church 17%, the United Church 11% and Seventh-day Adventist 10%. Other Christian denominations are the Jehovah's Witnesses, the New Apostolic Church (80 churches) and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Another 5% adhere to aboriginal beliefs. The remaining adhere to Islam or the Baháʼí Faith. According to the most recent reports, Islam in Solomon Islands is made up of approximately 350 Muslims, including members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Education in Solomon Islands is not compulsory, and only 60 percent of school-age children have access to primary education. There are kindergartens in various places, including the capital, but they are not free.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The University of the South Pacific, which has campuses in 12 Pacific island nations, has a campus at Guadalcanal.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: The culture of Solomon Islands reflects the extent of the differentiation and diversity among the groups living within the Solomon Islands archipelago, which lies within Melanesia in the Pacific Ocean, with the peoples distinguished by island, language, topography, and geography. The cultural area includes the nation state of Solomon Islands and the Bougainville Island, which is a part of Papua New Guinea.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Solomon Islands includes some culturally Polynesian societies which lie outside the main region of Polynesian influence, known as the Polynesian Triangle. There are seven Polynesian outliers within the Solomon Islands: Anuta, Bellona, Ontong Java, Rennell, Sikaiana, Tikopia, and Vaeakau-Taumako.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Solomon Islands arts and crafts cover a wide range of woven objects, carved wood, stone and shell artefacts in styles specific to different provinces. :

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Malaitan shell-money, manufactured in the Langa Langa Lagoon, is the traditional currency used in Malaita and throughout the Solomon Islands. The money consists of small polished shell disks which are drilled and placed on strings. In the Solomons "Tectus niloticus" is harvested, which was traditionally made into items such as pearl buttons and jewellery.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Solomon Islands has one of the highest rates of family and sexual violence (FSV) in the world, with 64% of women aged 15–49 having reported physical and/or sexual abuse by a partner. As per a World Health Organization (WHO) report issued in 2011, "the causes of Gender Based Violence (GBV) are multiple, but it primarily stems from gender inequality and its manifestations." The report stated:

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Another manifestation and driver of gender inequality in Solomon Islands is the traditional practice of bride price. Although specific customs vary between communities, paying a bride price is considered similar to a property title, giving men ownership over women. Gender norms of masculinity tend to encourage men to "control" their wives, often through violence, while women felt that bride prices prevented them from leaving men. Another report issued by the WHO in 2013 painted a similarly grim picture.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Writers from Solomon Islands include the novelists Rexford Orotaloa and John Saunana and the poet Jully Makini.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: There is one daily newspaper, the "Solomon Star", one daily online news website, "Solomon Times Online" (www.solomontimes.com), two weekly papers, "Solomons Voice" and "Solomon Times", and two monthly papers, "Agrikalsa Nius" and the "Citizen's Press".

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Traditional Melanesian music in Solomon Islands includes both group and solo vocals, slit-drum and panpipe ensembles. Bamboo music gained a following in the 1920s. In the 1950s Edwin Nanau Sitori composed the song "Walkabout long Chinatown", which has been referred to by the government as the unofficial "national song" of the Solomon Islands. Modern Solomon Islander popular music includes various kinds of rock and reggae as well as "island music".

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Rugby union: The Solomon Islands national rugby union team has played internationals since 1969. It took part in the Oceania qualifying tournament for the 2003 and 2007 Rugby World Cups, but did not qualify on either occasion.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Association football: The Solomon Islands national football team has proved among the most successful in Oceania and is part of the OFC confederation in FIFA. They are currently ranked 141st out of 210 teams in the FIFA World Rankings. The team became the first team to beat New Zealand in qualifying for a play-off spot against Australia for qualification to the World Cup 2006. They were defeated 7–0 in Australia and 2–1 at home.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Solomon Islands

Context: Beach soccer: The Solomon Islands national beach soccer team, the Bilikiki Boys, are statistically the most successful team in Oceania. They have won all three regional championships to date, thereby qualifying on each occasion for the FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup. The Bilikiki Boys are ranked fourteenth in the world , higher than any other team from Oceania.

Question: Mikä maa omistaa Salomonsaaret?


Kalevala

Context: The Kalevala (, ) is a 19th-century work of epic poetry compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Karelian and Finnish oral folklore and mythology, telling an epic story about the Creation of the Earth, describing the controversies and retaliatory voyages between the peoples of the land of Kalevala called Väinölä and the land of Pohjola and their various protagonists and antagonists, as well as the construction and robbery of the epic mythical wealth-making machine Sampo.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Elias Lönnrot (9 April 1802 – 19 March 1884) was a physician, botanist, linguist, and poet. During the time he was compiling the "Kalevala" he was the district health officer based in Kajaani responsible for the whole Kainuu region in the eastern part of what was then the Grand Duchy of Finland. He was the son of Fredrik Johan Lönnrot, a tailor and Ulrika Lönnrot; he was born in the village of Sammatti, Uusimaa.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: At the age of 21, he entered the Imperial Academy of Turku and obtained a master's degree in 1826. His thesis was entitled "De Vainamoine priscorum fennorum numine" ("Väinämöinen, a Divinity of the Ancient Finns"). The monograph's second volume was destroyed in the Great Fire of Turku the same year.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In the spring of 1828, he set out with the aim of collecting folk songs and poetry. Rather than continue this work, though, he decided to complete his studies and entered Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki to study medicine. He earned a master's degree in 1832. In January 1833, he started as the district health officer of Kainuu and began his work on collecting poetry and compiling the "Kalevala". Throughout his career Lönnrot made a total of eleven field trips within a period of fifteen years.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Lönnrot's field trips and endeavours helped him to compile the "Kalevala", and brought considerable enjoyment to the people he visited; he would spend much time retelling what he had collected as well as learning new poems.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Before the 18th century the "Kalevala" poetry was common throughout Finland and Karelia, but in the 18th century it began to disappear in Finland, first in western Finland, because European rhymed poetry became more common in Finland. Finnish folk poetry was first written down in the 17th century and collected by hobbyists and scholars through the following centuries. Despite this, the majority of Finnish poetry remained only in the oral tradition.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The chronology of this oral tradition is uncertain. The oldest themes, the origin of Earth, have been interpreted to have their roots in distant, unrecorded history and could be as old as 3,000 years.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The newest events, e.g. the arrival of Christianity, seem to be from the Iron Age, which in Finland lasted until c. 1300 CE. Finnish folklorist Kaarle Krohn proposes that 20 of the 45 poems of the "Kalevala" are of possible Ancient Estonian origin or at least deal with a motif of Estonian origin (of the remainder, two are Ingrian and 23 are Western Finnish).

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: It is understood that during the Finnish reformation in the 16th century the clergy forbade all telling and singing of pagan rites and stories. In conjunction with the arrival of European poetry and music this caused a significant reduction in the number of traditional folk songs and their singers. Thus the tradition faded somewhat but was never totally eradicated.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In total, Lönnrot made eleven field trips in search of poetry. His first trip was made in 1828 after his graduation from Turku University, but it was not until 1831 and his second field trip that the real work began. By that time he had already published three articles entitled "Kantele" and had significant notes to build upon. This second trip was not very successful and he was called back to Helsinki to attend to victims of the Second cholera pandemic.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: On the fifth field trip, Lönnrot met Arhippa Perttunen who provided a large portion of the verses for the "Kalevala". He met a singer called Matiska in the hamlet of Lonkka on the Russian side of the border. While this singer had a somewhat poor memory, he did help to fill in many gaps in the work Lönnrot had already catalogued. This trip resulted in the discovery of almost 300 poems at just over 13,000 verses.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In autumn of 1834, Lönnrot had written the vast majority of the work needed for what was to become the "Old Kalevala"; all that was required was to tie up some narrative loose ends and complete the work. His sixth field trip took him into Kuhmo, a municipality in Kainuu to the south of Viena. There he collected over 4,000 verses and completed the first draft of his work. He wrote the foreword and published in February of the following year.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The student David Emmanuel Daniel Europaeus is credited with discovering and cataloguing the majority of the Kullervo story.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The poetry was often sung to music built on a pentachord, sometimes assisted by a kantele player. The rhythm could vary but the music was arranged in either two or four lines in metre. The poems were often performed by a duo, each person singing alternative verses or groups of verses. This method of performance is called an antiphonic performance, it is a kind of "singing match".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Despite the vast geographical distance and customary spheres separating individual singers, the folk poetry the "Kalevala" is based on was always sung in the same metre.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The "Kalevala"s metre is a form of trochaic tetrameter that is now known as the "Kalevala metre". The metre is thought to have originated during the Proto-Finnic period. Its syllables fall into three types: strong, weak, and neutral. Its main rules are as follows:

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In the second, third, and fourth foot of a line, a strong syllable can occur in only the rising part:

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The first foot has a freer structure, allowing strong syllables in a falling position as well as a rising one:

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Again, the first foot's structure is more free, allowing weak syllables in a rising position as well as a falling one:

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Traditional poetry in the Kalevala metre uses both types with approximately the same frequency. The alternating normal and broken tetrameters is a characteristic difference between the Kalevala metre and other forms of trochaic tetrameter.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Alliteration can be broken into two forms. Weak: where only the opening consonant is the same, and strong: where both the first vowel or vowel and consonant are the same in the different words. (e.g. "vaka vanha Väinämöinen" "Steadfast old Väinämöinen").

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Parallelism in "The Kalevala" refers to the stylistic feature of repeating the idea presented in the previous line, often by using synonyms, rather than moving the plot forward. (e.g. "Näillä raukoilla rajoilla / Poloisilla pohjan mailla" "In these dismal Northern regions / In the dreary land of Pohja"). Lönnrot has been criticised for overusing parallelism in "The Kalevala": in the original poems, a line was usually followed by only one such parallel line.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The Finnish historian Väinö Kaukonen suggests that 3% of the "Kalevala"s lines are Lönnrot's own composition, 14% are Lönnrot compositions from variants, 50% are verses which Lönnrot kept mostly unchanged except for some minor alterations, and 33% are original unedited oral poetry.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The word "Kalevala" rarely appears in the original folk songs. The first appearance of the word in folk songs was recorded in April 1836. Lönnrot chose it as the title for his project sometime at the end of 1834, but his choice was not random. The name "Kalev" appears in Finnic and Baltic folklore in many locations, and the "Sons of Kalev" are known throughout Finnish and Estonian folklore.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Lönnrot produced "Lyhennetty laitos", an abridged version of the Kalevala, in 1862. It was intended for use in schools. It retains all 50 runos from the 1849 version, but omits more than half of the verses.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Of the few complete translations into English, it is only the older translations by John Martin Crawford (1888) and William Forsell Kirby (1907) which attempt to strictly follow the original (Kalevala metre) of the poems.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: A notable partial translation of Franz Anton Schiefner's German translation was made by Prof. John Addison Porter in 1868 and published by Leypoldt & Holt.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Edward Taylor Fletcher, a British-born Canadian literature enthusiast, translated selections of the "Kalevala" in 1869. He read them before the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec on 17 March 1869.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Francis Peabody Magoun published a scholarly translation of the "Kalevala" in 1963 written entirely in prose. The appendices of this version contain notes on the history of the poem, comparisons between the original "Old Kalevala" and the current version, and a detailed glossary of terms and names used in the poem. Magoun translated the "Old Kalevala", which was published six years later entitled "The Old Kalevala and Certain Antecedents".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Modern translations were published in the Karelian and Urdu languages between 2009 and 2015. Thus, the "Kalevala" was published in its originating Karelian language only after 168 years since its first translation into Swedish.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: As of 2010, the "Kalevala" had been translated into sixty-one languages and is Finland's most translated work of literature.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The Sampo is a pivotal element of the whole work. Many actions and their consequences are caused by the Sampo itself or a character's interaction with the Sampo. It is described as a magical talisman or device that brings its possessor great fortune and prosperity, but its precise nature has been the subject of debate to the present day.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Cantos 1 to 2: The poem begins with an introduction by the singers. The Earth is created from the shards of the egg of a goldeneye and the first man Väinämöinen is born to the goddess Ilmatar. Väinämöinen brings trees and life to the barren world.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Cantos 3–5: Väinämöinen encounters the jealous Joukahainen and they engage in a battle of song. Joukahainen loses and pledges his sister's hand in return for his life; the sister Aino soon drowns herself in the sea.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Cantos 6–10: Väinämöinen heads to Pohjola to propose to a maiden of the north, a daughter of the mistress of the north Louhi. Joukahainen attacks Väinämöinen again, and Väinämöinen floats for days on the sea until he is carried by an eagle to Pohjola. He makes a deal with Louhi to get Ilmarinen the smith to create the Sampo. Ilmarinen refuses to go to Pohjola so Väinämöinen forces him against his will. The Sampo is forged. Ilmarinen returns without a bride.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Cantos 37–38: Grieving for his lost love, Ilmarinen forges himself a wife out of gold and silver, but finds her to be cold and discards her. He heads for Pohjola and kidnaps the youngest daughter of Louhi. The daughter insults him so badly that he instead sings a spell to turn her into a bird and returns to Kalevala without her. He tells Väinämöinen about the prosperity and wealth that has met Pohjola's people thanks to the Sampo.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Cantos 45–49: Enraged at the loss of the Sampo, Louhi sends the people of Kalevala diseases and a great bear to kill their cattle. She hides the sun and the moon and steals fire from Kalevala. Väinämöinen heals all of the ailments and, with Ilmarinen, restores the fire. Väinämöinen forces Louhi to return the Sun and the Moon to the skies.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Canto 50: The shy young virgin Marjatta becomes impregnated from a lingonberry she ate while tending to her flock. She begets a son. Väinämöinen orders the killing of the boy, but the boy begins to speak and reproaches Väinämöinen for ill judgement. The child is then baptised King of Karelia. Väinämöinen sails away leaving only his songs and kantele as legacy but vowing to return when there's no moon or sun and happiness isn't free anymore.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Väinämöinen, the central character of "The Kalevala", is a shamanistic hero with a magical power of song and music similar to that of Orpheus. He is born of Ilmatar and contributes to the creation of Earth as it is today. Many of his travels resemble shamanistic journeys, most notably one where he visits the belly of a ground-giant, Antero Vipunen, to find the songs of boat building. Väinämöinen's search for a wife is a central element in many stories, but he never finds one.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Väinämöinen is associated with playing a kantele, a Finnish stringed instrument that resembles and is played like a zither.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Seppo Ilmarinen is a heroic artificer (comparable to the Germanic Weyland and the Greek Daedalus). He crafted the dome of the sky, the Sampo and various other magical devices featured in "The Kalevala". Ilmarinen, like Väinämöinen, also has many stories told of his search for a wife, reaching the point where he forges one of gold.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Lemminkäinen, a handsome, arrogant and reckless ladies' man, is the son of Lempi ("lust" or "favourite"). He has a close relationship with his mother, who revives him after he has been drowned in the river of Tuonela while pursuing the object of his romantic desires.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Ukko ("English: Old man") is the god of sky and thunder, and the leading deity mentioned within "The Kalevala". He corresponds to Thor and Zeus. John Martin Crawford wrote that the name may be related to the obsolete Hungarian word for an old man ("agg").

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Joukahainen is a base young man who arrogantly challenges Väinämöinen to a singing contest, which he loses. In exchange for his life Joukahainen promises his young sister Aino to Väinämöinen. Joukahainen attempts to gain his revenge on Väinämöinen by killing him with a crossbow, but only succeeds in killing Väinämöinen's horse. Joukahainen's actions lead to Väinämöinen promising to build a Sampo in return for Louhi rescuing him.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Louhi, the Mistress of the North, is the shamanistic matriarch of the people of Pohjola, a people rivalling those of Kalevala. She is the cause of much trouble for Kalevala and its people.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Louhi at one point saves Väinämöinen's life. She has many daughters whom the heroes of Kalevala make many attempts, some successful, to seduce. Louhi plays a major part in the battle to prevent the heroes of Kalevala from stealing back the Sampo, which as a result is ultimately destroyed. She is a powerful witch with a skill almost on a par with that of Väinämöinen.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Kullervo is the vengeful, mentally ill, tragic son of Kalervo. He was abused as a child and sold into slavery to Ilmarinen. He is put to work and treated badly by Ilmarinen's wife, whom he later kills. Kullervo is a misguided and troubled youth, at odds with himself and his situation. He often goes into berserk rage, and in the end commits suicide.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The "Kalevala" is a major part of Finnish culture and history. It has affected the arts in Finland and in other cultures around the world.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The influence of the "Kalevala" in daily life and business in Finland is tangible. Names and places associated with the "Kalevala" have been adopted as company and brand names and even as place names.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The banking sector of Finland has had at least three "Kalevala"-related brands: Sampo Bank (name changed to Danske Bank in late 2012), OP-Pohjola Group and Tapiola Bank.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The jewellery company Kalevala Koru was founded in 1935 on the 100th anniversary of the publication of the "Old Kalevala". It specialises in the production of unique and culturally important items of jewellery. It is co-owned by the Kalevala Women's League and offers artistic scholarships to a certain number of organisations and individuals every year.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The Finnish dairy company Valio has a brand of ice-cream named Aino, specialising in more exotic flavours than their normal brand.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The construction group Lemminkäinen was formed in 1910 as a roofing and asphalt company, the name was chosen specifically to emphasise that they were a wholly Finnish company. They now operate internationally.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Several of the names in the "Kalevala" are celebrated as Finnish name days. The name days themselves and the dates they fall upon have no direct relationship with the "Kalevala" itself; however, the adoption of the names became commonplace after the release of the "Kalevala".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Several artists have been influenced by the "Kalevala", most notably Akseli Gallen-Kallela who has painted many pieces relating to the "Kalevala".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Iittala group's Arabia brand kilned a series of "Kalevala" commemorative plates, designed by Raija Uosikkinen (1923–2004). The series ran from 1976 to 1999 and are highly sought after collectables.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In 1989, the fourth full translation of the "Kalevala" into English was published, illustrated by Björn Landström.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The "Kalevala" has been translated over one-hundred and fifty times into over sixty different languages. (See § translations.)

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Finnish cartoonist Kristian Huitula illustrated the comic book adaptation of the "Kalevala". The "Kalevala Graphic Novel" contains the storyline of all the 50 chapters in original text form.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Finnish cartoonist and children's writer Mauri Kunnas wrote and illustrated "Koirien Kalevala" ("The Canine Kalevala"). The story is that of the "Kalevala" with the characters presented as anthropomorphised dogs, wolves and cats. The story deviates from the full "Kalevala" to make the story more appropriate for children.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The "Kalevala" inspired the American Disney cartoonist Don Rosa to draw a Donald Duck (who is himself a popular character in Finland) story based on the "Kalevala", called "The Quest for Kalevala". The comic was released in the year of the 150th anniversary of the "Kalevala"s publication.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Franz Anton Schiefner's translation of the "Kalevala" was one inspiration for Longfellow's 1855 poem "The Song of Hiawatha", which is written in a similar trochaic tetrameter.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald's Estonian national epic "Kalevipoeg" was inspired by the "Kalevala". Both Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen are mentioned in the work and the overall story of Kalevipoeg, Kalev's son, bears similarities with the Kullervo story.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: J. R. R. Tolkien claimed the "Kalevala" as one of his sources for "The Silmarillion". For example, Kullervo is the basis of Túrin Turambar in "Narn i Chîn Húrin", including the sword that speaks when the anti-hero uses it to commit suicide. Echoes of the "Kalevala"s characters, Väinämöinen in particular, can be found in Tom Bombadil of "The Lord of the Rings".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Poet and playwright Paavo Haavikko took influence from the "Kalevala", including the poem "Kaksikymmentä ja yksi" (1974), and the TV-drama "Rauta-aika" (1982).

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: American science fiction and fantasy authors L. Sprague de Camp and Fletcher Pratt used the "Kalevala" as source materials for their 1953 fantasy novella "The Wall of Serpents". This is the fourth story in the authors' Harold Shea series, in which the hero and his companions visit various mythic and fictional worlds. In this story, the characters visit the world of the Kalevala, where they encounter characters from the epic drawn with a skeptical eye.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Emil Petaja was an American science fiction and fantasy author of Finnish descent. His best known works, known as the "Otava Series", a series of novels based on the "Kalevala". The series brought Petaja readers from around the world, while his mythological approach to science fiction was discussed in scholarly papers presented at academic conferences. He has a further "Kalevala" based work which is not part of the series, entitled "The Time Twister".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: British fantasy author Michael Moorcock's sword and sorcery anti-hero, Elric of Melniboné is influenced by the character Kullervo.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: British fantasy author Michael Scott Rohan's "Winter of the World" series feature Louhi as a major antagonist and include many narrative threads from the "Kalevela".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The web comic "A Redtail's Dream", written and illustrated by Minna Sundberg, cites the "Kalevala" as an influence. (Physical edition 2014.)

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The British science fiction writer Ian Watson's "Books of Mana" duology, "Lucky's Harvest" and "The Fallen Moon", both contain references to places and names from the "Kalevala".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In 2008, Vietnamese author and translator Bùi Viêt Hoa published an epic poetry "The Children of Mon and Man" (), which delves into Vietnamese folk poetry and mythology, based in partly on the "Kalevala". The work was written mainly in Finland and the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs has also co-financed it.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Music is the area which has the richest influence from the "Kalevala", which is apt considering the way that the folk poetry and songs were originally performed.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Jean Sibelius is the best-known "Kalevala"-influenced classical composer. Twelve of Sibelius' best-known works are based upon or influenced by the "Kalevala", including his "Kullervo", a tone poem for soprano, baritone, chorus and orchestra composed in 1892. Sibelius also composed the music of "Jääkärimarssi" (The Jäger March) to words written by Finnish soldier and writer Heikki Nurmio. The march features the line "Me nousemme kostona Kullervon" ("We shall rise in vengeance like that of Kullervo's").

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In the mid-1960s, the progressive rock band Kalevala was active within Finland and in 1974, the now prolific singer-songwriter Jukka Kuoppamäki released the song "Väinämöinen". These were some of the first pieces of modern music inspired by the "Kalevala".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In 1998, Ruth MacKenzie recorded the album "Kalevala: Dream of the Salmon Maiden", a song cycle covering the part of the story concerning Aino and her choice to refuse the hand of the sorcerer Väinämöinen and instead transform herself into a salmon. MacKenzie has continued to perform the piece live.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The Karelian Finnish folk music group Värttinä has based some of its lyrics on motifs from the "Kalevala". The Vantaa Chamber Choir have songs influenced by the "Kalevala". Their "Kalevala"-themed third album, "Marian virsi" (2005), combines contemporary folk with traditionally performed folk poetry.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In 2003, the Finnish progressive rock quarterly Colossus and French Musea Records commissioned 30 progressive rock groups from around the world to compose songs based on parts of the "Kalevala". The publication assigned each band with a particular song from the "Kalevala", which the band was free to interpret as they saw fit. The result, titled "Kalevala", is a three-disc, multilingual, four-hour epic telling.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In 2017 a New York-based production "Kalevala the Musical" got started in celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the Republic of Finland. The production features original pop, folk and world music score written by Johanna Telander. The concert version was performed across the United States and Finland.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In 1959, a joint Finnish-Soviet production entitled "Sampo", also known as "The Day the Earth Froze", was released, inspired by the story of the "Sampo" from the "Kalevala".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: In 1982, the Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE) produced a television mini-series called "Rauta-aika" (The Age of Iron), with music composed by Aulis Sallinen and book by Paavo Haavikko. The series was set "during the Kalevala times" and based upon events which take place in the "Kalevala". The series' part 3/4 won Prix Italia in 1983.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The martial arts film "Jadesoturi", also known as "Jade Warrior", released in Finland on 13 October 2006, is based upon the "Kalevala" and set in Finland and China.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The "Kalevala" has attracted many scholars and enthusiasts to interpret its contents in a historical context. Many interpretations of the themes have been tabled. Some parts of the epic have been perceived as ancient conflicts between the early Finns and the Sami. In this context, the country of "Kalevala" could be understood as Southern Finland and "Pohjola" as Lapland.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: However, the place names in "Kalevala" seem to transfer the "Kalevala" further south, which has been interpreted as reflecting the Finnic expansion from the South that came to push the Sami further to the north. Some scholars locate the lands of "Kalevala" in East Karelia, where most of the "Kalevala" stories were written down. In 1961, the small town of "Uhtua" in the then Soviet Republic of Karelia was renamed Kalevala, perhaps to promote that theory.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Finnish politician and linguist Eemil Nestor Setälä rejected the idea that the heroes of "Kalevala" are historical in nature and suggested they are personifications of natural phenomena. He interprets Pohjola as the northern heavens and the Sampo as the pillar of the world. Setälä suggests that the journey to regain the Sampo is a purely imaginary one with the heroes riding a mythological boat or magical steed to the heavens.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The practice of bear worship was once very common in Finland and there are strong echoes of this in the "Kalevala".

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: The old Finnish word "väinä" (a strait of deep water with a slow current) appears to be the origin of the name Väinämöinen; one of Väinämöinen's other names is Suvantolainen, "suvanto" being the modern word for "väinä". Consequently, it is possible that the "Saari" (Island) might be the island of Saaremaa in Estonia and "Kalevala" the Estonian mainland.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: Finnish folklorists Matti Kuusi and Pertti Anttonen state that terms such as "the people of Kalevala" or "the tribe of Kalevala" were fabricated by Elias Lönnrot. Moreover, they contend that the word "Kalevala" is very rare in traditional poetry and that by emphasizing dualism (Kalevala vs. Pohjola) Elias Lönnrot created the required tension that made the "Kalevala" dramatically successful and thus fit for a national epic of the time.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Kalevala

Context: There are similarities with mythology and folklore from other cultures, for example the Kullervo character and his story bearing some likeness to the Greek Oedipus. The similarity of the virginal maiden Marjatta to the Christian Virgin Mary is striking. The arrival of Marjatta's son in the final song spelling the end of Väinämöinen's reign over Kalevala is similar to the arrival of Christianity bringing about the end of Paganism in Finland and Europe at large.

Question: Milloin Kalevala on kirjoitettu?


Thematic interpretation

Context: The thematic approach to interpretation was popularized in the book Environmental Interpretation (1992) by Dr. Sam H. Ham (University of Idaho) which has become standard reading for many students of interpretation and interpretive tour guiding. Prior to Dr. Ham's book, two additional contributors to the field of Interpretation are its founder, Freeman Tilden and his book, "Interpreting Our Heritage" (1957) and Dr. Grant W. Sharpe (University of Washington) and his work, "Interpreting the Environment".

Question: Kuka on kehittänyt tulkkauksen?


Thematic interpretation

Context: Ham formally presented the thematic approach for the first time in his 1992 book, wherein he outlined the "EROT" (Enjoyable, Relevant, Organized, Thematic) framework. Drawing heavily on persuasive communication research, Ham refined the EROT framework in the early 2000s and renamed it the TORE model of thematic interpretation. The most detailed presentation of the TORE model is in "Interpretation-- Making a difference on purpose" which Ham published in 2013.

Question: Kuka on kehittänyt tulkkauksen?


Thematic interpretation

Context: There are obvious parallels between Ham's view of thematic interpretation and those of Freeman Tilden who is widely considered the founder of the field of interpretation. The most important parallel is that both see interpretation as a process aimed at provoking audiences to do their own thinking and thereby develop their own subjective understanding of the world. This is in contrast to the view that interpretation instructs audiences to know or accept the interpreter's understanding of things.

Question: Kuka on kehittänyt tulkkauksen?


Radio

Context: Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connected to an antenna which radiates the waves, and received by another antenna connected to a radio receiver. Radio is very widely used in modern technology, in radio communication, radar, radio navigation, remote control, remote sensing, and other applications.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: Applications of radio waves that do not involve transmitting the waves significant distances, such as RF heating used in industrial processes and microwave ovens, and medical uses such as diathermy and MRI machines, are not usually called "radio". The noun "radio" is also used to mean a broadcast radio receiver.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: Radio waves travel through a vacuum at the speed of light, and in the air at very close to the speed of light. So the wavelength of a radio wave, the distance in meters between adjacent crests of the wave, is inversely proportional to its frequency, equal to the speed of light divided by the frequency.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: The wide use of radio waves for telecommunication is mainly due to their desirable propagation properties stemming from their large wavelength. Radio waves have the ability to pass through the atmosphere in any weather, foliage, and most building materials, and by diffraction can bend around obstructions, and unlike other electromagnetic waves, they tend to be scattered rather than absorbed by objects larger than their wavelength.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: Many other types of modulation are also used. In some types, a carrier wave is not transmitted but just one or both modulation sidebands.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: The modulated carrier is amplified in the transmitter and applied to a transmitting antenna which radiates the energy as radio waves. The radio waves carry the information to the receiver location.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: Because it is a fixed resource which is in demand by an increasing number of users, the radio spectrum has become increasingly congested in recent decades, and the need to use it more effectively is driving many additional radio innovations such as trunked radio systems, spread spectrum (ultra-wideband) transmission, frequency reuse, dynamic spectrum management, frequency pooling, and cognitive radio.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: The ITU arbitrarily divides the radio spectrum into 12 bands, each beginning at a wavelength which is a power of ten (10n) metres, with corresponding frequency of 3 times a power of ten, and each covering a decade of frequency or wavelength. Each of these bands has a traditional name:

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: It can be seen that the bandwidth, the range of frequencies, contained in each band is not equal but increases exponentially as the frequency increases; each band contains ten times the bandwidth of the preceding band. The greater bandwidth available has motivated a continuing trend to exploit higher frequencies throughout radio's history.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: The airwaves are a resource shared by many users. Two radio transmitters in the same area that attempt to transmit on the same frequency will interfere with each other, causing garbled reception, so neither transmission may be received clearly. Interference with radio transmissions can not only have a large economic cost, it can be life-threatening (for example, in the case of interference with emergency communications or air traffic control).

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: In the very high frequency band, greater than 30 megahertz, the Earth's atmosphere has less of an effect on the range of signals, and line-of-sight propagation becomes the principal mode. These higher frequencies permit the great bandwidth required for television broadcasting. Since natural and artificial noise sources are less present at these frequencies, high-quality audio transmission is possible, using frequency modulation.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: Radio broadcasting means transmission of audio (sound) to radio receivers belonging to a public audience. Analog audio is the earliest form of radio broadcast. AM broadcasting began around 1920. FM broadcasting was introduced in the late 1930s with improved fidelity. A broadcast radio receiver is called a "radio". Most radios can receive both AM and FM and are called AM/FM receivers.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: A single DAB station transmits a 1,500 kHz bandwidth signal that carries from 9 to 12 channels of digital audio modulated by OFDM from which the listener can choose. Broadcasters can transmit a channel at a range of different bit rates, so different channels can have different audio quality. In different countries DAB stations broadcast in either Band III (174–240 MHz) or L band (1.452–1.492 GHz) in the UHF range, so like FM reception is limited by the visual horizon to about .

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: Radar sets mainly use high frequencies in the microwave bands, because these frequencies create strong reflections from objects the size of vehicles and can be focused into narrow beams with compact antennas. Parabolic (dish) antennas are widely used. In most radars the transmitting antenna also serves as the receiving antenna; this is called a "monostatic radar". A radar which uses separate transmitting and receiving antennas is called a "bistatic radar".

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: Radiolocation is a generic term covering a variety of techniques that use radio waves to find the location of objects, or for navigation

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: Radio jamming is the deliberate radiation of radio signals designed to interfere with the reception of other radio signals. Jamming devices are called "signal suppressors" or "interference generators" or just jammers.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: During wartime, militaries use jamming to interfere with enemies' tactical radio communication. Since radio waves can pass beyond national borders, some totalitarian countries which practice censorship use jamming to prevent their citizens from listening to broadcasts from radio stations in other countries. Jamming is usually accomplished by a powerful transmitter which generates noise on the same frequency as the target transmitter.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: US Federal law prohibits the nonmilitary operation or sale of any type of jamming devices, including ones that interfere with GPS, cellular, Wi-Fi and police radars.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: The word "radio" is derived from the Latin word "radius", meaning "spoke of a wheel, beam of light, ray". It was first applied to communications in 1881 when at the suggestion of French scientist , Alexander Graham Bell adopted "radiophone" (meaning "radiated sound") as an alternate name for his photophone optical transmission system. However, this invention would not be widely adopted.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: The use of "radio" as a standalone word dates back to at least December 30, 1904, when instructions issued by the British Post Office for transmitting telegrams specified that "The word 'Radio'... is sent in the Service Instructions". This practice was universally adopted, and the word "radio" introduced internationally, by the 1906 Berlin Radiotelegraphic Convention, which included a Service Regulation specifying that "Radiotelegrams shall show in the preamble that the service is 'Radio'".

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Radio

Context: In recent years "wireless" has gained renewed popularity as a more general term for devices communicating using electromagnetic radiation, either radio waves or light, due to the rapid growth of short-range computer networking, e.g., wireless local area networks Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, as well as cell phones, to distinguish these uses from traditional "radio" communication, such as broadcasting.

Question: Milloin radioaallot havaittiin?


Cinema of Finland

Context: "The Moonshiners" was directed by Teuvo Puro, who was also in charge of directing the first full-length Finnish feature, "Sylvi", based on a play by Minna Canth. The film was shot in 1911 with two other full-length literature adaptations, but it didn't premiere until 1913. The filmmakers didn't have enough money to send films to the nearest laboratory in Copenhagen at once, so the material remained undeveloped too long, and two out of three films were ruined.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: The years following "Sylvi" saw the formation of the first active feature film company, Hjalmar V. Pohjanheimo's Lyyra-Filmi, which produced both short farces and "art films". There was also an attempt to create larger-scale film production by Erik Estlander, who build a studio with glass walls and roof in Helsinki in 1916. At the end of the same year the Russian officials forbid all filming activity in Finland, so nothing much was made anymore before the country's independence in 1917.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: The Finnish film industry of the first two decades of the 20th century was never even near the creativity or the productiveness of its Scandinavian neighbours, Sweden and Denmark – one might even say that it there was barely no industry or production at all. In addition, most of the footage filmed before independence is lost. Of feature films, only thirteen minutes of "Sylvi" still remains.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Audiences of the agricultural country were affected by Suomi-Filmi's rural subjects. Dealing with deeply national countryside stories remained as company's policy through the silent era. Occasionally there were some attempts to make more urban, or more "European" films like Karu's "Summery Fairytale" (1925), but the public stayed away.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Suomi-Filmi heavily dominated the Finnish film production in the 1920s. The company produced 23 out of 37 full-length feature films made between 1919–1930. Other companies (that appeared occasionally) seemed to vanish from Suomi-Filmi's and Erkki Karu's way after producing one or two films. The most important of these alternative production companies appeared during the latter half of the decade.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: The first experiments with sound were done by Lahyn-Filmi, a provincial company operating in Turku. The first full-length sound film with song and talk was Lahyn's "Say It in Finnish" (1931), directed by company's leader Yrjö Nyberg (later Norta). This lost film was more a collection of musical revue numbers than a feature.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Suomi-Filmi transformed its production from silent to sound films during the same year. The first Finnish film with soundtrack was the company's "Dressed Like Adam and a Bit Like Eve Too" (1931), based on a popular play by Agapetus (pseudonym of Yrjö Soini). There was only music and some sound effects on the soundtrack, so the company's first true sound film was Karu's "The Lumberjack's Bride" (1931), another rural drama.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: In 1933 Karu was kicked out from Suomi-Filmi, his own company. He took his revenge by founding a new one called Suomen Filmiteollisuus, which started to use initials SF in its logo. This company managed far better than previous attempts to compete with Suomi-Filmi, and right after couple successful comedies directed by Karu it had grown as significant as its rival. It seemed at this point to be possible only for Karu to create successful production companies in Finland.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: The competition between the two companies proved to be fruitful. At the end of the decade there were about twenty full-length features made every year. The quality of the productions was high, the field of the subjects expanding and the popularity of domestic films increasing. With its own stars and creative producers, Finnish film industry began to remind a national miniature of Hollywood. Alongside with the two big studios, some minor ones did well also.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Sound had increased the public's eagerness to see domestic films. The great breakthrough for Finnish talkies came with "The Foreman of Siltala Farm" (1934), a well-recorded comedy by Suomi-Filmi, that was seen by over 900 000 viewers.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Erkki Karu was instantly replaced with Risto Orko as the head of company, a place he held until the 1990s (although this was long after the company had stopped movie-making). Orko had directed "The Foreman of Siltala Farm", and he returned to directing a few times since, most notably with two historical and patriotic dramas at the end of the decade: "Soldier's Bride" (1938) and "Activists" (1939). Most of his films as a director remain forgettable.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Vaala's last Fennica-films had been urban comedies, a genre which he greatly developed at his new studio with his next two light-weighted films, "Substitute Wife" and "Substitute Husband" (both 1936). "Hulda of Juurakko" (1937) was far more serious attempt in the same field: a socially conscious story about a country girl who arrives to the big city, and who inevitably faces the problems of inequality between sexes. The film and its subject were greeted with huge enthusiasm by the audiences.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Vaala was also a master within the rural subjects and romantic melodramas. In 1938 he made the first and best film in the series of agrarian family saga of Niskavuori ("Women of Niskavuori").

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Along with Suomi-Filmi and SF, few minor companies were able to produce many films during the golden age. With Valentin Vaala's films, these sort of local "poverty row" productions are the most fascinating films made during the 1930s.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Prolific directors introduced in the 1990s include Markku Pölönen, Auli Mantila, and Jarmo Lampela. A few popular genres can be identified from the last two decades. "Rukajärven tie", "Pikkusisar", and "Hylätyt talot, autiot pihat" take place during World War II. "Kulkuri ja joutsen" (1999), "Badding" (2000), "Rentun Ruusu" (2001), "Sibelius" (2003), and "Aleksis Kiven elämä" (2002) portray the life of popular public figures in Finland.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: "The Man Without a Past" by auteur filmmaker Aki Kaurismäki won the Grand Prix at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival. His next film, the third part in the "Finland" trilogy, "Lights in the Dusk", was also presented at the Cannes Film Festival.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: 2005 saw the release of amateur science fiction parody film "", which was released online as a free download. The film has been downloaded over 9 million times and is internationally the most viewed Finnish film.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: The same year "Frozen Land" was released in movie theaters. It was directed and written by Aku Louhimies. The film's plot is based on Leo Tolstoy's 1911 posthumously published story "The Forged Coupon", part one. It was a box office success and won eight Jussi Awards.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: In 2011, Finland produced 31 films, 24 of which were full-length features and the other seven were documentaries.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: In 2016, the three most watched films in Finland were all Finnish family films: "Ricky Rapper and The Nighthawk" (2016), "The Angry Birds Movie" (2016), and "Kanelia kainaloon, Tatu ja Patu!" (2016).

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: War drama "The Unknown Soldier" (2017) is one of the most expensive Finnish films ever made. It is the third adaptation of the 1954 bestselling Finnish classic novel of the same name.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Experimental film "M" (2018) by Anna Eriksson which detailed the last days of film legend Marilyn Monroe, was screened at the Venice International Film Critics' Week section at the 75th Venice Film Festival.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Produced on a budget of 17 million euros, "" (2019) is the most expensive Finnish live-action picture ever made. However, the sequel to the 2012 film "Iron Sky" failed to live up to expectations and was a box-office bomb.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: "Dogs Don't Wear Pants" starring Krista Kosonen was screened at the Director's Fortnight section at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Finnish-Russian co-production "Compartment No. 6" won the Grand Prix at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival. Another notable Finnish-Russian film, dystopia "Quarantine" by film director and musician Diana Ringo, was released the same year.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Cinema of Finland

Context: Internationally known Finnish actors and actresses include Jasper Pääkkönen, Peter Franzén, Laura Birn, Irina Björklund, Samuli Edelmann, Krista Kosonen, Ville Virtanen and Joonas Suotamo.

Question: Mikä oli ensimmäinen Suomessa tehty elokuva?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: Thor Odinson or simply Thor, is a fictional character and superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is based on the Norse mythological god of the same name, the Asgardian god of thunder whose enchanted hammer Mjolnir enables him to fly and manipulate weather, among his other superhuman attributes. A founding member of the superhero team the Avengers, Thor has a host of supporting characters and enemies.

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character first appeared in "Journey into Mystery" #83 (August 1962) and was created by artist Jack Kirby, writer Stan Lee, and scripter Larry Lieber. The character has starred in several ongoing series and limited series, and appears in all volumes of the Avengers series. The character has been used in Marvel Comics merchandise, animated television series, films, video games, clothing and toys.

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: Chris Hemsworth portrays the character in several Marvel Cinematic Universe films: "Thor" (2011), "The Avengers" (2012), ' (2013), ' (2015), "Doctor Strange" (2016, cameo), ' (2017), ' (2018), ' (2019), and the upcoming ' (2022). Alternative versions of the character appear in the Disney+ series "What If...?" (2021).

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: Thor placed 14th on IGN's list of "Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time" in 2011, and first in their list of "The Top 50 Avengers" in 2012.

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: Subsequent stories of the 13-page feature "The Mighty Thor" continued to be plotted by Lee, and were variously scripted by Lieber or by Robert Bernstein, working under the pseudonym "R. Berns". Various artists penciled the feature, including Jack Kirby, Joe Sinnott, Don Heck, and Al Hartley. With "Journey into Mystery" #101 (Feb. 1964), the series began a long and definitive run by writer and co-plotter Lee and penciler and co-plotter Kirby that lasted until the by-then-retitled "Thor" #179 (Aug. 1970).

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: Lee and Kirby included Thor in "The Avengers" #1 (Sept. 1963) as a founding member of the superhero team. The character has since appeared in every subsequent volume of the series.

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: "Journey into Mystery" was retitled "Thor" (per the indicia, or "The Mighty Thor" per most covers) with issue #126 (March 1966). "Tales of Asgard" was replaced by a five-page featurette starring the Inhumans from #146–152 (Nov. 1967–May 1968), after which featurettes were dropped and the Thor stories expanded to Marvel's then-standard 20-page length. Marvel filed for a trademark for "The Mighty Thor" in 1967 and the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued the registration in 1970.

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: In the mid-1970s, Marvel considered giving the character a second series as part of parent company Magazine Management's line of black-and-white comics magazines. A story written by Steve Englehart for the aborted project appeared in "Thor" Annual #5 (1976). A black-and-white Thor story appeared in "Marvel Preview" #10 (Winter 1977).

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: The character of Thor was involved in the year-long "Marvel Super Heroes Secret War" storyline written by Jim Shooter from May 1984 to April 1985, following his mysterious disappearance in "The Mighty Thor" #341 and "The Mighty Avengers" #242.

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: As a consequence of the "Heroes Reborn" crossover story arc of the 1990s, Thor was removed from mainstream Marvel continuity and with other Marvel characters re-imagined in an alternate universe for one year. The "Thor" title reverted to "Journey into Mystery" with issue #503 (Nov. 1996), and ran four different, sequential features ("The Lost Gods"; "Master of Kung Fu"; "Black Widow", and "Hannibal King") before ceasing publication with #521 (June 1998).

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: When the character was returned to the mainstream Marvel Universe, Thor was relaunched with "Thor" vol. 2, #1 (July 1998). As of issue #36, the title used dual numbering in a tribute to the original Thor series, and the caption box for said issue became #36 / #538 (June 2001). The title ran until issue #85 / #587, dated December 2004. Dan Jurgens wrote the first 79 issues, with Daniel Berman and Michael Avon Oeming completing the series.

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: To coincide with the "Thor" film, Marvel launched a number of new series starring the character in mid-2010. These included "Thor: The Mighty Avenger" by Roger Langridge and Chris Samnee, "Thor: First Thunder" by Bryan J. L. Glass and Tan Eng Huat, "Thor: For Asgard" by Robert Rodi and Simone Bianchi, and "Iron Man/Thor" by the writing duo of Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning.

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?


Thor (Marvel Comics)

Context: In April 2011, "Thor" once again reverted to its original title of "Journey into Mystery" with issue #622, reuniting writer Gillen and artist Braithwaite in a series of stories starring Thor's adopted brother, Loki. An ongoing series, titled "The Mighty Thor", launched the same month with writer Fraction and artist Coipel. The series ended with issue #22 in October 2012.

Question: Kuka loi Thor hahmon?