Debian

Context: Debian used to be released as a very large set of CDs for each architecture, but with the release of Debian 9 (Stretch) in 2017, these have been dropped.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Throughout Debian's lifetime, both the Debian distribution and its website have won various awards from different organizations, including "Server Distribution of the Year" 2011, "The best Linux distro of 2011", and a "Best of the Net" award for October 1998.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: On December 2, 2015, Microsoft announced that they would offer Debian GNU/Linux as an endorsed distribution on the Azure cloud platform. Microsoft has also added a user environment to their Windows 10 desktop operating system called Windows Subsystem for Linux that offers a Debian subset.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian has access to online repositories that contain over 51,000 packages. Debian officially contains only free software, but non-free software can be downloaded and installed from the Debian repositories. Debian includes popular free programs such as LibreOffice, Firefox web browser, Evolution mail, K3b disc burner, VLC media player, GIMP image editor, and Evince document viewer. Debian is a popular choice for servers, for example as the operating system component of a LAMP stack.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Several flavors of the Linux kernel exist for each port. For example, the i386 port has flavors for IA-32 PCs supporting Physical Address Extension and real-time computing, for older PCs, and for x86-64 PCs. The Linux kernel does not officially contain firmware without sources, although such firmware is available in non-free packages and alternative installation media.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian offers CD and DVD images specifically built for XFCE, GNOME, KDE, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, and LXQT. MATE is officially supported, while Cinnamon support was added with Debian 8.0 Jessie. Less common window managers such as Enlightenment, Openbox, Fluxbox, IceWM, Window Maker and others are available.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The default desktop environment of version 7.0 Wheezy was temporarily switched to Xfce, because GNOME 3 did not fit on the first CD of the set. The default for the version 8.0 Jessie was changed again to Xfce in November 2013, and back to GNOME in September 2014.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Several parts of Debian are translated into languages other than American English, including package descriptions, configuration messages, documentation and the website. The level of software localization depends on the language, ranging from the highly supported German and French to the barely translated Creek and Samoan. The Debian 10 installer is available in 76 languages.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Multimedia support has been problematic in Debian regarding codecs threatened by possible patent infringements, without sources or under too restrictive licenses. Even though packages with problems related to their distribution could go into the non-free area, software such as libdvdcss is not hosted at Debian.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian offers DVD and CD images for installation that can be downloaded using BitTorrent or jigdo. Physical discs can also be bought from retailers. The full sets are made up of several discs (the amd64 port consists of 13 DVDs or 84 CDs), but only the first disc is required for installation, as the installer can retrieve software not contained in the first disc image from online repositories.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian offers different network installation methods. A minimal install of Debian is available via the "netinst" CD, whereby Debian is installed with just a base and later added software can be downloaded from the Internet. Another option is to boot the installer from the network.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The default bootstrap loader is GNU GRUB version 2, though the package name is simply grub, while version 1 was renamed to grub-legacy. This conflicts with (e.g., Fedora Linux), where grub version 2 is named grub2.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The default desktop may be chosen from the DVD boot menu among GNOME, KDE Plasma, Xfce and LXDE, and from special disc 1 CDs.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Package management operations can be performed with different tools available on Debian, from the lowest level command dpkg to graphical front-ends like Synaptic. The recommended standard for administering packages on a Debian system is the apt toolset.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: dpkg provides the low-level infrastructure for package management. The dpkg database contains the list of installed software on the current system. The dpkg command tool does not know about repositories. The command can work with local .deb package files, and information from the dpkg database.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: An Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) allows administering an installed Debian system to retrieve and resolve package dependencies from repositories. APT tools share dependency information and cached packages.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: GDebi is an APT tool which can be used in command-line and on the GUI. GDebi can install a local .deb file via the command line like the dpkg command, but with access to repositories to resolve dependencies. Other graphical front-ends for APT include Software Center, Synaptic and Apper.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: GNOME Software is a graphical front-end for PackageKit, which itself can work on top of various software packaging systems.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG) define the distinctive meaning of the word "free" as in "free and open-source software". Packages that comply with these guidelines, usually under the GNU General Public License, Modified BSD License or Artistic License, are included inside the "main" area; otherwise, they are included inside the "non-free" and "contrib" areas. These last two areas are not distributed within the official installation media, but they can be adopted manually.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Non-free includes packages that do not comply with the DFSG, such as documentation with invariant sections and proprietary software, and legally questionable packages. Contrib includes packages which do comply with the DFSG but fail other requirements. For example, they may depend on packages which are in non-free or requires such for building them.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation have criticized the Debian project for hosting the non-free repository and because the contrib and non-free areas are easily accessible, an opinion echoed by some in Debian including the former project leader Wichert Akkerman. The internal dissent in the Debian project regarding the non-free section has persisted, but the last time it came to a vote in 2004, the majority decided to keep it.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The most popular optional Linux cross-distribution package manager are graphical (front-ends) package managers. They are available within the official Debian Repository. But not installed by default. They are widely popular with both Debian users and Debian software developers who are interested in installing the most recent versions of application or using the cross-distribution package manager built-in sandbox environment. While at the same time remaining in control of the security.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Three branches of Debian (also called "releases", "distributions" or "suites") are regularly maintained:

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The "snapshot" archive provides older versions of the branches. They may be used to install a specific older version of some software.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: "Stable" and "oldstable" get minor updates, called "point releases"; , the "stable" release is version 11.0, released on , and the "oldstable" release is version 10.10.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The numbering scheme for the point releases up to Debian 4.0 was to include the letter "r" (for "revision") after the main version number and then the number of the point release; for example, the latest point release of version 4.0 is 4.0r9. This scheme was chosen because a new dotted version would make the old one look obsolete and vendors would have trouble selling their CDs.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: From Debian 5.0, the numbering scheme of point releases was changed, conforming to the GNU version numbering standard; the first point release of Debian 5.0 was 5.0.1 instead of 5.0r1. The numbering scheme was once again changed for the first Debian 7 update, which was version 7.1. The "r" scheme is no longer in use, but point release announcements include a note about not throwing away old CDs.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian is one of the most popular Linux distributions, and many other distributions have been created from the Debian codebase. , DistroWatch lists 121 active Debian derivatives. The Debian project provides its derivatives with guidelines for best practices and encourages derivatives to merge their work back into Debian.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian Pure Blends are subsets of a Debian release configured out-of-the-box for users with particular skills and interests. For example, Debian Jr. is made for children, while Debian Science is for researchers and scientists. The complete Debian distribution includes all available Debian Pure Blends. "Debian Blend" (without "Pure") is a term for a Debian-based distribution that strives to become part of mainstream Debian, and have its extra features included in future releases.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The Debian "swirl" logo was designed by Raul Silva in 1999 as part of a contest to replace the semi-official logo that had been used. The winner of the contest received an @debian.org email address, and a set of Debian 2.1 install CDs for the architecture of their choice. There has been no official statement from the Debian project on the logo's meaning, but at the time of the logo's selection, it was suggested that the logo represented the magic smoke ( or the genie ) that made computers work.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: One theory about the origin of the Debian logo is that Buzz Lightyear, the chosen character for the first named Debian release, has a swirl in his chin. Stefano Zacchiroli also suggested that this swirl is the Debian one. Buzz Lightyear's swirl is a more likely candidate as the codenames for Debian are names of Toy Story characters. The former Debian project leader Bruce Perens used to work for Pixar and is credited as a studio tools engineer on "Toy Story 2" (1999).

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Hardware requirements are at least those of the kernel and the GNU toolsets. Debian's recommended system requirements depend on the level of installation, which corresponds to increased numbers of installed components:

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: It is possible to run graphical user interfaces on older or low-end systems, but the installation of window managers instead of desktop environments is recommended, as desktop environments are more resource intensive. Requirements for individual software vary widely and must be considered, with those of the base operating environment.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian supports a variety of ARM-based NAS devices. The NSLU2 was supported by the installer in Debian 4.0 and 5.0, and Martin Michlmayr is providing installation tarballs since version 6.0. Other supported NAS devices are the Buffalo Kurobox Pro, GLAN Tank, Thecus N2100 and QNAP Turbo Stations.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Devices based on the Kirkwood system on a chip (SoC) are supported too, such as the SheevaPlug plug computer and OpenRD products. There are efforts to run Debian on mobile devices, but this is not a project goal yet since the Debian Linux kernel maintainers would not apply the needed patches. Nevertheless, there are packages for resource-limited systems.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: There are efforts to support Debian on wireless access points. Debian is known to run on set-top boxes. Work is ongoing to support the AM335x processor, which is used in electronic point of service solutions. Debian may be customized to run on cash machines.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: BeagleBoard, a low-power open-source hardware single-board computer (made by Texas Instruments) has switched to Debian Linux preloaded on its Beaglebone Black board's flash.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian's policies and team efforts focus on collaborative software development and testing processes. As a result, a new major release tends to occur every two years with revision releases that fix security issues and important problems. The Debian project is a volunteer organization with three foundational documents:

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian developers are organized in a web of trust. There are about one thousand active Debian developers, but it is possible to contribute to the project without being an official developer.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The project maintains official mailing lists and conferences for communication and coordination between developers. For issues with single packages and other tasks, a public bug tracking system is used by developers and end users. Internet Relay Chat is also used for communication among developers and to provide real time help.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian is supported by donations made to organizations authorized by the leader. The largest supporter is Software in the Public Interest, the owner of the Debian trademark, manager of the monetary donations and umbrella organization for various other community free software projects.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Project leadership is distributed occasionally. Branden Robinson was helped by the Project Scud, a team of developers that assisted the leader, but there were concerns that such leadership would split Debian into two developer classes. Anthony Towns created a supplemental position, Second In Charge (2IC), that shared some powers of the leader. Steve McIntyre was 2IC and had a 2IC himself.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: One important role in Debian's leadership is that of a release manager. The release team sets goals for the next release, supervises the processes and decides when to release. The team is led by the next release managers and stable release managers. Release assistants were introduced in 2003.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The Debian Project has an influx of applicants wishing to become developers. These applicants must undergo a vetting process which establishes their identity, motivation, understanding of the project's principles, and technical competence. This process has become much harder throughout the years.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian developers may resign their positions at any time or, when deemed necessary, they can be expelled. Those who follow the retiring protocol are granted the "emeritus" status and they may regain their membership through a shortened new member process.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Each software package has a "maintainer" that may be either one person or a team of Debian developers and non-developer maintainers. The maintainer keeps track of upstream releases, and ensures that the package coheres with the rest of the distribution and meets the standards of quality of Debian. Packages may include modifications introduced by Debian to achieve compliance with Debian Policy, even to fix non-Debian specific bugs, although coordination with upstream developers is advised.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Initially, an accepted package is only available in the "unstable" branch. For a package to become a candidate for the next release, it must migrate to the "Testing" branch by meeting the following:

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Thus, a release-critical bug in a new version of a shared library on which many packages depend may prevent those packages from entering "Testing", because the updated library must meet the requirements too. From the branch viewpoint, the migration process happens twice per day, rendering "Testing" in perpetual beta.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Periodically, the release team publishes guidelines to the developers in order to ready the release. A new release occurs after a freeze, when all important software is reasonably up-to-date in the "Testing" branch and any other significant issues are solved. At that time, all packages in the "testing" branch become the new "stable" branch. Although freeze dates are time-based, release dates are not, which are announced by the release managers a couple of weeks beforehand.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: A version of a package can belong to more than one branch, usually "testing" and "unstable". It is possible for a package to keep the same version between stable releases and be part of "oldstable", "stable", "testing" and "unstable" at the same time. Each branch can be seen as a collection of pointers into the package "pool" mentioned above.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: One way to resolve the challenge of a release-critical bug in a new application version is the use of optional package managers. They allow software developers to use sandbox environments, while at the same time remaining in control of security. Another benefit of a cross-distribution package manager is that they allow application developers to directly provide updates to users without going through distributions, and without having to package and test the application separately for each distribution.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: A new "stable" branch of Debian gets released approximately every 2 years. It will receive official support for about 3 years with update for major security or usability fixes. Point releases will be available every several months as determined by Stable Release Managers (SRM).

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: Debian also launched its Long Term Support (LTS) project since Debian 6 (Debian Squeeze). For each Debian release, it will receive two years of extra security updates provided by LTS Team after its End Of Life (EOL). However, no point releases will be made. Now each Debian release can receive 5 years of security support in total.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The Debian project handles security through public disclosure. Debian security advisories are compatible with the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures dictionary, are usually coordinated with other free software vendors and are published the same day a vulnerability is made public. There used to be a security audit project that focused on packages in the stable release looking for security bugs; Steve Kemp, who started the project, retired in 2011 but resumed his activities and applied to rejoin in 2014.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The "stable" branch is supported by the Debian security team; "oldstable" is supported for one year. Although Squeeze is not officially supported, Debian is coordinating an effort to provide long-term support (LTS) until February 2016, five years after the initial release, but only for the IA-32 and x86-64 platforms. "Testing" is supported by the "testing" security team, but does not receive updates in as timely a manner as "stable". "Unstable"s security is left for the package maintainers.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The Debian project offers documentation and tools to harden a Debian installation both manually and automatically. AppArmor support is available and enabled by default since Buster. Debian provides an optional hardening wrapper, and does not harden all of its software by default using gcc features such as PIE and buffer overflow protection, unlike operating systems such as OpenBSD, but tries to build as many packages as possible with hardening flags.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Debian

Context: The cost of developing all of the packages included in Debian 5.0 Lenny (323 million lines of code) has been estimated to be about , using one method based on the COCOMO model. , Black Duck Open Hub estimates that the current codebase (74 million lines of code) would cost about to develop, using a different method based on the same model.

Question: డెబియన్ భాషల లభ్యత సంఖ్య ఎంత?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The languages of India are divided into various language families, of which the Indo-Aryan and the Dravidian languages are the most widely spoken. There are also many languages belonging to unrelated language families such as Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan, spoken by smaller groups. Linguistic records begin with the appearance of the Gujarati from about the 3rd century BCE.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Proto-Indo-Aryan is a proto-language hypothesized to have been the direct ancestor of all Indo-Aryan languages. It would have had similarities to Proto-Indo-Iranian, but would ultimately have used Sanskritized phonemes and morphemes.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The end of the Vedic period is marked by the composition of the Upanishads, which form the concluding part of the Vedic corpus in the traditional compilations, dated to roughly 500 BCE. It is around this time that Sanskrit began the transition from a first language to a second language of religion and learning, marking the beginning of Classical India.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The oldest language surviving Sanskrit grammar is Pāṇini's Aṣtādhyāyī ("Eight-Chapter Grammar") dating to c. the 5th century BCE. It is essentially a prescriptive grammar, i.e., an authority that defines (rather than describes) correct Sanskrit, although it contains descriptive parts, mostly to account for Vedic forms that had already passed out of use in Pāṇini's time.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or "Paninian" Sanskrit, while broadly similar, are separate varieties, which differ in a number of points of phonology, vocabulary, and grammar.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Outside the India, Hindustani is widely understood in other parts of the Indian subcontinent and also used as a lingua franca, and is the main language of Bollywood.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: After Indian independence, Marathi was accorded the status of a scheduled language on the national level. In 1956, the then Bombay state was reorganized which brought most Marathi and Gujarati speaking areas under one state. Further re-organization of the Bombay state on 1 May 1960, created the Marathi speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati speaking Gujarat state respectively. With state and cultural protection, Marathi made great strides by the 1990s.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The Dravidian family of languages includes approximately 73 languages that are mainly spoken in southern India and northeastern Sri Lanka, as well as certain areas in Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, and eastern and central India, as well as in parts of southern Afghanistan, and overseas in other countries such as the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Malaysia and Singapore.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The origins of the Dravidian languages, as well as their subsequent development and the period of their differentiation, are unclear, and the situation is not helped by the lack of comparative linguistic research into the Dravidian languages.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods, Old Tamil (400 BCE – 700 CE), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present).

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Despite the significant amount of grammatical and syntactical change between Old, Middle and Modern Tamil, Tamil demonstrates grammatical continuity across these stages: many characteristics of the later stages of the language have their roots in features of Old Tamil.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: A revival of Tamil literature took place from the late 19th century when works of religious and philosophical nature were written in a style that made it easier for the common people to enjoy. Nationalist poets began to utilize the power of poetry in influencing the masses. With the growth of literacy, Tamil prose began to blossom and mature. Short stories and novels began to appear. The popularity of Tamil Cinema has also provided opportunities for modern Tamil poets to emerge.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Kannada is one of oldest languages in South India. The spoken language is said to have separated from its proto-language source earlier than Tamil and about the same time as Tulu. However, archaeological evidence would indicate a written tradition for this language of around 1600–1650 years. The initial development of the Kannada language is similar to that of other south Indian languages.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: By the time Halmidi shasana (stone inscription) Kannada had become an official language. Some of the linguistics suggest that Tamil & HaLegannada are very similar or might have same roots. Ex: For milk in both languages it is 'Haalu', the postfix to the names of elders to show respect is 'avar / avargaL'.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: During this era, language underwent a lot of changes as seen from the literary works of great poets of the era viz Pampa, Ranna, Ponna.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: From 575 CE, we begin to find traces of Telugu in inscriptions and literature, it is possible to broadly define four stages in the linguistic history of the Telugu language:

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The third phase is marked by further stylization and sophistication of the literary language. Ketana (13th century CE) in fact prohibited the use of the vernacular in poetic works. During this period the divergence of the Telugu script from the common Telugu-Kannada script took place. Tikkana wrote his works in this script.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The period of the late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the influence of the English language and modern communication/printing press as an effect of the British rule, especially in the areas that were part of the Madras Presidency. Literature from this time had a mix of classical and modern traditions and included works by scholars like Kandukuri Viresalingam, Gurazada Apparao, and Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: At present, a committee of scholars have approved a classical language tag for Telugu based on its antiquity. The Indian government has also officially designated it as a classical language.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Though Carnatic music, one of two main subgenres of Indian classical music that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions, has a profound cultural influence on all of the South Indian states and their respective languages, most songs (Kirtanas) are in Kannada and Telugu. Purandara Dasa, said to have composed at least a quarter million songs and known as the "father" of Carnatic music composed in Kannada.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Sino-Tibetan languages are spoken in the western Himalayas (Himachal Pradesh) and in the highlands of Northeast India. The Sino-Tibetan family includes such languages as Meithei, Tripuri, Bodo, Naga and Garo. Some of the languages traditionally included in Sino-Tibetan may actually be language isolates or part of small independent language families.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The Austroasiatic family spoken in East and North-east India. Austroasiatic languages include the Santal and Munda languages of eastern India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, and the Mon–Khmer languages spoken by the Khasi and Nicobarese in India and in Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and southern China. The Austroasiatic languages arrived in east India around 4000-3500 ago from Southeast Asia.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Juliette Blevins has suggested that the Ongan languages are the sister branch to the Austronesian languages in an Austronesian-Ongan family because of sound correspondences between protolanguages.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The Nihali language is a language isolate spoken in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Affiliations have been suggested to the Munda languages but they have yet to be demonstrated.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The best-known inscriptions in Brāhmī are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka, dating to the 3rd century BCE. These were long considered the earliest examples of Brāhmī writing, but recent archaeological evidence in Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu suggest the dates for the earliest use of Tamil Brāhmī to be around the 6th century BCE, dated using radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dating methods.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: This script is ancestral to the Brahmic family of scripts, most of which are used in South and Southeast Asia, but which have wider historical use elsewhere, even as far as Mongolia and perhaps even Korea, according to one theory of the origin of Hangul. The Brāhmī numeral system is the ancestor of the Hindu-Arabic numerals, which are now used worldwide.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Older examples of the Brahmi script appear to be on fragments of pottery from the trading town of Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka, which have been dated to the early 400 BCE. Even earlier evidence of the Tamil -Brahmi script has been discovered on pieces of pottery in Adichanallur, Tamil Nadu. Radio-carbon dating has established that they belonged to the 6th-century BCE.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The origin of the script is still much debated, with most scholars stating that Brahmi was derived from or at least influenced by one or more contemporary Semitic scripts, while others favor the idea of an indigenous origin or connection to the much older and as yet undeciphered Indus script of the Indus Valley civilization.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The Kharoṣṭhī script, also known as the Gāndhārī script, is an ancient abugida (a kind of alphabetic script) used by the Gandhara culture of ancient northwest India to write the Gāndhārī and Sanskrit languages. It was in use from the 4th century BCE until it died out in its homeland around the 3rd century CE. It was also in use along the Silk Road where there is some evidence it may have survived until the 7th century CE in the remote way stations of Khotan and Niya.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: The Gupta script was used for writing Sanskrit and is associated with the Gupta Empire of India which was a period of material prosperity and great religious and scientific developments. The Gupta script was descended from Brahmi and gave rise to the Siddham script and then Bengali-Assamese script.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Siddhaṃ (Sanskrit, accomplished or perfected), descended from the Brahmi script via the Gupta script, which also gave rise to the Devanāgarī script as well as a number of other Asian scripts such as Tibetan script.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Siddhaṃ is an abugida or alphasyllabary rather than an alphabet because each character indicates a syllable. If no other mark occurs then the short 'a' is assumed. Diacritic marks indicate the other vowels, the pure nasal (anusvara), and the aspirated vowel (visarga). A special mark (virama), can be used to indicate that the letter stands alone with no vowel which sometimes happens at the end of Sanskrit words. See links below for examples.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Linguistic history of India

Context: Siddhaṃ was influential in the development of the Kana writing system, which is also associated with Kūkaiwhile the Kana shapes derive from Chinese characters, the principle of a syllable-based script and their systematic ordering was taken over from Siddham.

Question: భారతదేశంలో అతి పురాతనమైన భాష ఏది?


Soviet Union

Context: Between the end of World War II in 1945 and its dissolution in 1991, the Soviet Union had maintained its status as one of two superpowers vis-à-vis the United States. It was sometimes referred to informally as the "Soviet Empire" in relation to its exercising of hegemony across Europe as well as worldwide with a combination of military and economic strength; proxy conflicts and influence in the Third World; and funding of scientific research, especially in space technology and weaponry.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The word "soviet" is derived from the Russian word "sovet" (), meaning "council", "assembly", "advice", ultimately deriving from the proto-Slavic verbal stem of "vět-iti" ("to inform"), related to Slavic "věst" ("news"), English "wise", the root in "ad-vis-or" (which came to English through French), or the Dutch "weten" ("to know"; cf. "wetenschap" meaning "science"). The word "sovietnik" means "councillor".

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Some organizations in Russian history were called "council" (). In the Russian Empire, the State Council which functioned from 1810 to 1917 was referred to as a Council of Ministers after the revolt of 1905.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The Soviet Union, similarly to Russia, had the world's longest border, measuring over , or circumferences of Earth. Two-thirds of it was a coastline. The country bordered (from 1945 to 1991): Norway, Finland, the Baltic Sea, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, the Black Sea, Turkey, Iran, the Caspian Sea, Afghanistan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. The Bering Strait separated the country from the United States, while the La Pérouse Strait separated it from Japan.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The Soviet Union's highest mountain was Communism Peak (now Ismoil Somoni Peak) in Tajik SSR, at . It also included most of the world's largest lakes; the Caspian Sea (shared with Iran), and Lake Baikal in Russia, the world's largest and deepest freshwater lake.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: A spontaneous popular uprising in Petrograd, in response to the wartime decay of Russia's economy and morale, culminated in the February Revolution and the toppling of Nicholas II and the imperial government in March 1917. The tsarist autocracy was replaced by the Russian Provisional Government, which intended to conduct elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and to continue fighting on the side of the Entente in World War I.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: On 1 February 1924, the USSR was recognized by the United Kingdom. The same year, a Soviet Constitution was approved, legitimizing the December 1922 union.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In 1928, Stalin introduced the first five-year plan for building a socialist economy. In place of the internationalism expressed by Lenin throughout the Revolution, it aimed to build Socialism in One Country. In industry, the state assumed control over all existing enterprises and undertook an intensive program of industrialization. In agriculture, rather than adhering to the "lead by example" policy advocated by Lenin, forced collectivization of farms was implemented all over the country.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Famines ensued as a result, causing deaths estimated at three to seven million; surviving kulaks were persecuted, and many were sent to Gulags to do forced labor. Social upheaval continued in the mid-1930s. Despite the turmoil of the mid-to-late 1930s, the country developed a robust industrial economy in the years preceding World War II.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In the same year, the USSR, in fulfilment of its agreement with the Allies at the Yalta Conference, denounced the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact in April 1945 and invaded Manchukuo and other Japan-controlled territories on 9 August 1945. This conflict ended with a decisive Soviet victory, contributing to the unconditional surrender of Japan and the end of World War II.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Stalin died on 5 March 1953. Without a mutually agreeable successor, the highest Communist Party officials initially opted to rule the Soviet Union jointly through a troika headed by Georgy Malenkov. This did not last, however, and Nikita Khrushchev eventually won the ensuing power struggle by the mid-1950s. In 1956, he denounced Joseph Stalin and proceeded to ease controls over the party and society. This was known as de-Stalinization.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Moscow considered Eastern Europe to be a critically vital buffer zone for the forward defence of its western borders, in case of another major invasion such as the German invasion of 1941. For this reason, the USSR sought to cement its control of the region by transforming the Eastern European countries into satellite states, dependent upon and subservient to its leadership. As a result, Soviet military forces were used to suppress an anti-communist uprising in Hungary in 1956.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In the late 1950s, a confrontation with China regarding the Soviet rapprochement with the West, and what Mao Zedong perceived as Khrushchev's revisionism, led to the Sino–Soviet split. This resulted in a break throughout the global Marxist–Leninist movement, with the governments in Albania, Cambodia and Somalia choosing to ally with China.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Following the ousting of Khrushchev, another period of collective leadership ensued, consisting of Leonid Brezhnev as general secretary, Alexei Kosygin as Premier and Nikolai Podgorny as Chairman of the Presidium, lasting until Brezhnev established himself in the early 1970s as the preeminent Soviet leader.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In 1968, the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact allies invaded Czechoslovakia to halt the Prague Spring reforms. In the aftermath, Brezhnev justified the invasion and previous military interventions as well as any potential military interventions in the future by introducing the Brezhnev Doctrine, which proclaimed any threat to socialist rule in a Warsaw Pact state as a threat to all Warsaw Pact states, therefore justifying military intervention.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Brezhnev presided throughout "détente" with the West that resulted in treaties on armament control (SALT I, SALT II, Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty) while at the same time building up Soviet military might.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In late 1979, the Soviet Union's military intervened in the ongoing civil war in neighboring Afghanistan, effectively ending a détente with the West.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Two developments dominated the decade that followed: the increasingly apparent crumbling of the Soviet Union's economic and political structures, and the patchwork attempts at reforms to reverse that process. Kenneth S. Deffeyes argued in "Beyond Oil" that the Reagan administration encouraged Saudi Arabia to lower the price of oil to the point where the Soviets could not make a profit selling their oil, and resulted in the depletion of the country's hard currency reserves.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The analysis of the succession of states for the 15 post-Soviet states is complex. The Russian Federation is seen as the legal "continuator" state and is for most purposes the heir to the Soviet Union. It retained ownership of all former Soviet embassy properties, and also inherited the Soviet Union's UN membership, with its permanent seat on the Security Council.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Similar situation occurred with restitution of cultural property. Although on 14 February 1992 Russia and other former Soviet republics signed agreement "On the return of cultural and historic property to the origin states" in Minsk, it was halted by Russian State Duma that had eventually passed "Federal Law on Cultural Valuables Displaced to the USSR as a Result of the Second World War and Located on the Territory of the Russian Federation" which made restitution currently impossible.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania consider themselves as revivals of the three independent countries that existed prior to their occupation and annexation by the Soviet Union in 1940. They maintain that the process by which they were incorporated into the Soviet Union violated both international law and their own law, and that in 1990–1991 they were reasserting an independence that still legally existed.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: There are additionally six states that claim independence from the other internationally recognised post-Soviet states but possess limited international recognition: Abkhazia, Artsakh, Donetsk, Luhansk, South Ossetia and Transnistria. The Chechen separatist movement of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, the Gagauz separatist movement of the Gagauz Republic and the Talysh separatist movement of the Talysh-Mughan Republic lack any international recognition.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The Marxist-Leninist leadership of the Soviet Union intensely debated foreign policy issues and changed directions several times. Even after Stalin assumed dictatorial control in the late 1920s, there were debates, and he frequently changed positions.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: During the country's early period, it was assumed that Communist revolutions would break out soon in every major industrial country, and it was the Soviet responsibility to assist them. The Comintern was the weapon of choice. A few revolutions did break out, but they were quickly suppressed (the longest lasting one was in Hungary)—the Hungarian Soviet Republic—lasted only from 21 March 1919 to 1 August 1919. The Russian Bolsheviks were in no position to give any help.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Stalin ordered Marxist-Leninist parties across the world to strongly oppose non-Marxist political parties, labor unions or other organizations on the left. Stalin reversed himself in 1934 with the Popular Front program that called on all Marxist parties to join together with all anti-Fascist political, labor, and organizational forces that were opposed to fascism, especially of the Nazi variety.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In 1939, half a year after the Munich Agreement, the USSR attempted to form an anti-Nazi alliance with France and Britain. Adolf Hitler proposed a better deal, which would give the USSR control over much of Eastern Europe through the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. In September, Germany invaded Poland, and the USSR also invaded later that month, resulting in the partition of Poland. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany, marking the beginning of World War II.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Up until his death in 1953, Joseph Stalin controlled all foreign relations of the Soviet Union during the interwar period. Despite the increasing build-up of Germany's war machine and the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Soviet Union did not cooperate with any other nation, choosing to follow its own path. However, after Operation Barbarossa, the Soviet Union's priorities changed. Despite previous conflict with the United Kingdom, Vyacheslav Molotov dropped his post war border demands.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: There were three power hierarchies in the Soviet Union: the legislature represented by the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the government represented by the Council of Ministers, and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the only legal party and the final policymaker in the country.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: However, in practice the degree of control the party was able to exercise over the state bureaucracy, particularly after the death of Stalin, was far from total, with the bureaucracy pursuing different interests that were at times in conflict with the party. Nor was the party itself monolithic from top to bottom, although factions were officially banned.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The judiciary was not independent of the other branches of government. The Supreme Court supervised the lower courts (People's Court) and applied the law as established by the constitution or as interpreted by the Supreme Soviet. The Constitutional Oversight Committee reviewed the constitutionality of laws and acts. The Soviet Union used the inquisitorial system of Roman law, where the judge, procurator, and defence attorney collaborate to establish the truth.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In the post-war period, the Soviet Army was directly involved in several military operations abroad. These included the suppression of the uprising in East Germany (1953), Hungarian revolution (1956) and the invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968). The Soviet Union also participated in the war in Afghanistan between 1979 and 1989.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: As for Lunar space program; USSR only had a program on automated spacecraft launches; with no crewed spacecraft used; passing on the "Moon Race" part of Space Race.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In the late 1980s, the Soviet Union managed to build the "Mir" orbital station. It was built on the construction of "Salyut" stations and its only role was civilian-grade research tasks.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In 1990, the country had a Human Development Index of 0.920, placing it in the "high" category of human development. It was the third-highest in the Eastern Bloc, behind Czechoslovakia and East Germany, and the 25th in the world of 130 countries.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In 1991, the Soviet Union had a pipeline network of for crude oil and another for natural gas. Petroleum and petroleum-based products, natural gas, metals, wood, agricultural products, and a variety of manufactured goods, primarily machinery, arms and military equipment, were exported. In the 1970s and 1980s, the USSR heavily relied on fossil fuel exports to earn hard currency. At its peak in 1988, it was the largest producer and second-largest exporter of crude oil, surpassed only by Saudi Arabia.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Transport was a vital component of the country's economy. The economic centralization of the late 1920s and 1930s led to the development of infrastructure on a massive scale, most notably the establishment of Aeroflot, an aviation enterprise. The country had a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. However, due to inadequate maintenance, much of the road, water and Soviet civil aviation transport were outdated and technologically backward compared to the First World.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Despite improvements, several aspects of the transport sector were still riddled with problems due to outdated infrastructure, lack of investment, corruption and bad decision-making. Soviet authorities were unable to meet the growing demand for transport infrastructure and services.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Excess deaths throughout World War I and the Russian Civil War (including the postwar famine) amounted to a combined total of 18 million, some 10 million in the 1930s, and more than 26 million in 1941–1945. The postwar Soviet population was 45 to 50 million smaller than it would have been if pre-war demographic growth had continued. According to Catherine Merridale, "...reasonable estimate would place the total number of excess deaths for the whole period somewhere around 60 million."

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: By 1917, Russia became the first great power to grant women the right to vote. After heavy casualties in World War I and II, women outnumbered men in Russia by a 4:3 ratio. This contributed to the larger role women played in Russian society compared to other great powers at the time.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Soviet dental technology and dental health were considered notoriously bad. In 1991, the average 35-year-old had 12 to 14 cavities, fillings or missing teeth. Toothpaste was often not available, and toothbrushes did not conform to standards of modern dentistry.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: As the most widely spoken of the Soviet Union's many languages, Russian "de facto" functioned as an official language, as the "language of interethnic communication" (), but only assumed the "de jure" status as the official national language in 1990.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Christianity and Islam had the highest number of adherents among the religious citizens. Eastern Christianity predominated among Christians, with Russia's traditional Russian Orthodox Church being the largest Christian denomination. About 90% of the Soviet Union's Muslims were Sunnis, with Shias being concentrated in the Azerbaijan SSR. Smaller groups included Roman Catholics, Jews, Buddhists, and a variety of Protestant denominations (especially Baptists and Lutherans).

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Religious influence had been strong in the Russian Empire. The Russian Orthodox Church enjoyed a privileged status as the church of the monarchy and took part in carrying out official state functions. The immediate period following the establishment of the Soviet state included a struggle against the Orthodox Church, which the revolutionaries considered an ally of the former ruling classes.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In Soviet law, the "freedom to hold religious services" was constitutionally guaranteed, although the ruling Communist Party regarded religion as incompatible with the Marxist spirit of scientific materialism. In practice, the Soviet system subscribed to a narrow interpretation of this right, and in fact used a range of official measures to discourage religion and curb the activities of religious groups.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Under Nikita Khrushchev, the state leadership clashed with the churches in 1958–1964, a period when atheism was emphasized in the educational curriculum, and numerous state publications promoted atheistic views. During this period, the number of churches fell from 20,000 to 10,000 from 1959 to 1965, and the number of synagogues dropped from 500 to 97. The number of working mosques also declined, falling from 1,500 to 500 within a decade.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Religious institutions remained monitored by the Soviet government, but churches, synagogues, temples, and mosques were all given more leeway in the Brezhnev era. Official relations between the Orthodox Church and the government again warmed to the point that the Brezhnev government twice honored Orthodox Patriarch Alexy I with the Order of the Red Banner of Labour. A poll conducted by Soviet authorities in 1982 recorded 20% of the Soviet population as "active religious believers."

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The legacy of the USSR remains a controversial topic. The socio-economic nature of communist states such as the USSR, especially under Stalin, has also been much debated, varyingly being labelled a form of bureaucratic collectivism, state capitalism, state socialism, or a totally unique mode of production.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The 1941–1945 period of World War II is still known in Russia as the "Great Patriotic War". The war became a topic of great importance in cinema, literature, history lessons at school, the mass media, and the arts. As a result of the massive losses suffered by the military and civilians during the conflict, Victory Day celebrated on 9 May is still one of the most important and emotional dates in Russia.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The left's view of the USSR is complex. While some leftists regard the USSR as an example of state capitalism or that it was an oligarchical state, other leftists admire Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Revolution.Council communists generally view the USSR as failing to create class consciousness, turning into a corrupt state in which the elite controlled society.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Anarchists are also critical of the country, labeling the Soviet system as "red fascism". Factors contributing to the anarchist animosity towards the USSR included the Soviet invasion of the anarchist Free Territory after an initial alliance, the suppression of the anarchist Kronstadt rebellion, and the defeat of the rival anarchist factions by the Soviet-supported Communist faction during the Spanish Civil War.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Maoists also have a mixed opinion on the USSR, viewing it negatively during the Sino-Soviet Split and denouncing it as revisionist and reverted to capitalism. The Chinese government in 1963 articulated its criticism of the USSR's system and promoted China's ideological line as an alternative

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The government encouraged a variety of trends. In art and literature, numerous schools, some traditional and others radically experimental, proliferated. Communist writers Maxim Gorky and Vladimir Mayakovsky were active during this time. As a means of influencing a largely illiterate society, films received encouragement from the state, and much of director Sergei Eisenstein's best work dates from this period.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: During Stalin's rule, the Soviet culture was characterized by the rise and domination of the government-imposed style of socialist realism, with all other trends being severely repressed, with rare exceptions, such as Mikhail Bulgakov's works. Many writers were imprisoned and killed.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: In the second half of the 1980s, Gorbachev's policies of "perestroika" and "glasnost" significantly expanded freedom of expression throughout the country in the media and the press.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: Founded on 20 July 1924 in Moscow, "Sovetsky Sport" was the first sports newspaper of the Soviet Union.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The Soviet Union national ice hockey team won nearly every world championship and Olympic tournament between 1954 and 1991 and never failed to medal in any International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) tournament in which they competed.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The advent of the state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession – in reality, the state paid many of these competitors to train on a full-time basis. Nevertheless, the IOC held to the traditional rules regarding amateurism.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: A 1989 report by a committee of the Australian Senate claimed that "there is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gold medal winner... who is not on one sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might well have been called the Chemists' Games".

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Soviet Union

Context: The Chernobyl disaster in 1986 was the first major accident at a civilian nuclear power plant. Unparalleled in the world, it resulted in a large number of radioactive isotopes being released into the atmosphere. Radioactive doses have scattered relatively far. 4,000 new cases of thyroid cancer were reported after the incident, but this led to a relatively low number of deaths (WHO data, 2005). However, the long-term effects of the accident are unknown. Another major accident is the Kyshtym disaster.

Question: సోవియట్ యూనియన్ లో ఎన్ని దేశాలు ఉన్నాయి?


Poultry

Context: Together with pig meat, poultry is one of the two most widely eaten types of meat globally, with over 70% of the meat supply in 2012 between them; poultry provides nutritionally beneficial food containing high-quality protein accompanied by a low proportion of fat. All poultry meat should be properly handled and sufficiently cooked in order to reduce the risk of food poisoning. Semi-vegetarians who consume poultry as the only source of meat are said to adhere to pollotarianism.

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Poultry

Context: The word "poultry" comes from the West & English "pultrie", from Old French , from "pouletier", poultry dealer, from "poulet", pullet. The word "pullet" itself comes from Middle English "pulet", from Old French "polet", both from Latin "pullus", a young fowl, young animal or chicken. The word "fowl" is of Germanic origin (cf. Old English "Fugol", German "Vogel", Danish "Fugl").

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Poultry

Context: "Poultry" is a term used for any kind of domesticated bird, captive-raised for its utility, and traditionally the word has been used to refer to wildfowl (Galliformes) and waterfowl (Anseriformes) but not to cagebirds such as songbirds and parrots. "Poultry" can be defined as domestic fowls, including chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, raised for the production of meat or eggs and the word is also used for the flesh of these birds used as food.

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Poultry

Context: In colloquial speech, the term "fowl" is often used near-synonymously with "domesticated chicken" ("Gallus gallus"), or with "poultry" or even just "bird", and many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl". Both words are also used for the flesh of these birds. Poultry can be distinguished from "game", defined as wild birds or mammals hunted for food or sport, a word also used to describe the meat of these when eaten.

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Poultry

Context: Chickens were one of the domesticated animals carried with the sea-borne Austronesian migrations into Taiwan, Island Southeast Asia, Island Melanesia, Madagascar, and the Pacific Islands; starting from around 3500 to 2500 BC.

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Poultry

Context: By 2000 BC, chickens seem to have reached the Indus Valley and 250 years later, they arrived in Egypt. They were still used for fighting and were regarded as symbols of fertility. The Romans used them in divination, and the Egyptians made a breakthrough when they learned the difficult technique of artificial incubation. Since then, the keeping of chickens has spread around the world for the production of food with the domestic fowl being a valuable source of both eggs and meat.

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Poultry

Context: A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart. The name derives from the town of Bantam in Java where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies. Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs. They are kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Poultry

Context: In some countries, geese and ducks are force-fed to produce livers with an exceptionally high fat content for the production of "foie gras". Over 75% of world production of this product occurs in France, with lesser industries in Hungary and Bulgaria and a growing production in China. "Foie gras" is considered a luxury in many parts of the world, but the process of feeding the birds in this way is banned in many countries on animal welfare grounds.

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Poultry

Context: Turkeys are large birds, their nearest relatives being the pheasant and the guineafowl. Males are larger than females and have spreading, fan-shaped tails and distinctive, fleshy wattles, called a snood, that hang from the top of the beak and are used in courtship display. Wild turkeys can fly, but seldom do so, preferring to run with a long, straddling gait. They roost in trees and forage on the ground, feeding on seeds, nuts, berries, grass, foliage, invertebrates, lizards, and small snakes.

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Poultry

Context: Global egg production was expected to reach 65.5 million tonnes in 2013, surpassing all previous years. Between 2000 and 2010, egg production was growing globally at around 2% per year, but since then growth has slowed down to nearer 1%.

Question: కోళ్లు ఎక్కువగా ఏ దేశంలో కనిపిస్తాయి?


Origins and architecture of the Taj Mahal

Context: The Taj Mahal represents the finest and most sophisticated example of Indo-Islamic architecture. Its origins lie in the moving circumstances of its commission and the culture and history of an Islamic Mughal empire's rule of large parts of India. The distraught Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the project upon the death of one of his favorite wives Mumtaz Mahal.

Question: ప్రేమకు గుర్తుగా భారతదేశంలో ఉన్న కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Agra became a city centered on its waterfront and developed partly eastwards but mostly westwards from the rich estates that lined the banks. The prime sites remained those that had access to the river and the Taj Mahal was built in this context, but uniquely; as a related complex on both banks of the river.

Question: ప్రేమకు గుర్తుగా భారతదేశంలో ఉన్న కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: The mosque's basic tripartite design is similar to others built by Shah Jahan, particularly the Masjid-i-Jahan Numa in Delhi – a long hall surmounted by three domes. Mughal mosques of this period divide the sanctuary hall into three areas: a main sanctuary with slightly smaller sanctuaries to either side. At the Taj Mahal, each sanctuary opens onto an enormous vaulting dome.

Question: ప్రేమకు గుర్తుగా భారతదేశంలో ఉన్న కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Early accounts of the garden describe its profusion of vegetation, including roses, daffodils, and fruit trees in abundance. As the Mughal Empire declined, the tending of the garden declined as well. When the British took over management of the Taj Mahal, they changed the landscaping to resemble the formal lawns of London.

Question: ప్రేమకు గుర్తుగా భారతదేశంలో ఉన్న కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: The Taj Mahal complex is bounded on three sides by crenellated red sandstone walls, with the river-facing side left open.

Question: ప్రేమకు గుర్తుగా భారతదేశంలో ఉన్న కట్టడం ఏది?


Languages of Mexico

Context: After the independence the government initiated an educational system with the primary aim of Hispanization of the native populations. This policy was based on the idea that this would help the indigenous peoples become a more integrated part of the new Mexican nation.

Question: మెక్సికో దేశ అధికారిక భాష ఏది?


Languages of Mexico

Context: Except for the Second Mexican Empire, led by the Habsburg Maximilian I, no Mexican government tried to prevent the loss of indigenous languages during the 19th century.

Question: మెక్సికో దేశ అధికారిక భాష ఏది?


Languages of Mexico

Context: In 1889, Antonio García Cubas estimated that 38% of Mexicans spoke an indigenous language, down from 60% in 1820. By the end of the 20th century, this figure had fallen to 6%.

Question: మెక్సికో దేశ అధికారిక భాష ఏది?


Languages of Mexico

Context: For most of the 20th century successive governments denied native tongues the status of valid languages. Indigenous students were forbidden to speak their native languages in school and were often punished for doing so.

Question: మెక్సికో దేశ అధికారిక భాష ఏది?


Languages of Mexico

Context: Mexico has about six million citizens who speak indigenous languages. That is the second-largest group in the Americas after Peru. However, a relatively small percentage of Mexico's population speaks an indigenous language compared to other countries in the Americas, such as Guatemala (42.8%), Peru (35%), and even Ecuador (9.4%), Panama (8.3%), Paraguay and Bolivia.

Question: మెక్సికో దేశ అధికారిక భాష ఏది?


Languages of Mexico

Context: The only indigenous language spoken by more than a million people in Mexico is the Nahuatl language; the other Native American languages with a large population of native speakers include Yucatec Maya.

Question: మెక్సికో దేశ అధికారిక భాష ఏది?


Languages of Mexico

Context: The deaf community uses Mexican Sign Language, Yucatan Sign Language, and, in northern Baja California, American Sign Language.

Question: మెక్సికో దేశ అధికారిక భాష ఏది?


Languages of Mexico

Context: As far as second languages go, many educated Mexicans (and those with little education who have immigrated to the US and returned) have different degrees of fluency in English. Many Mexicans working in the tourist industry can speak some English.

Question: మెక్సికో దేశ అధికారిక భాష ఏది?


Languages of Mexico

Context: In a study conducted by the Alliance française in 2019 revealed that Mexicans have begun to take a greater interest in studying the French language, with 250,000 people being French speakers and 350,000 learning French.

Question: మెక్సికో దేశ అధికారిక భాష ఏది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Sweden has a long coastline on its east, and the Scandinavian mountain chain (Scanderna) on its western border, separating it from Norway. It has maritime borders with Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, and it is also linked to Denmark (southwest) by the Öresund bridge. It has an Exclusive Economic Zone of .

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Much of Sweden is heavily forested, with 69% of the country being forest and woodland, while farmland constitutes only 8% of land use. Sweden consists of 39,960 km2

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: of water area, constituting around 95,700 lakes. The lakes are sometimes used for water power plants, especially the large northern rivers and lakes.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Most of northern and western central Sweden consists of vast tracts of hilly and mountainous land called the Norrland terrain. From the south the transition to the Norrland terrain is not only seen in the relief but also in the wide and contiguous boreal forests that extend north of it with till and peat being the overwhelmingly most common soil types.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: To the south of the Central Swedish lowland lies the South Swedish highlands which except for a lack of deep valleys is similar to the Norrland terrain found further north in Sweden. The highest point of the highlands lies at 377 m. Poor soil conditions have posed significant difficulties for agriculture in the highlands, meaning that over time small industries became relatively important in local economies.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: The two largest islands are Gotland and Öland in the southeast. They differ from the rest of Sweden by being made up of limestone and marl with an alvar vegetation adapted to the island's calcareous soils. Gotland and Öland have landforms that are rare or absent in mainland Sweden. These include active cliffs seen in segments of their western coasts, sea stacks called "rauks" and large cave systems.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Sweden has 25 provinces or "landskap" ("landscapes"), based on culture, geography and history: Bohuslän, Blekinge, Dalarna, Dalsland, Gotland, Gästrikland, Halland, Hälsingland, Härjedalen, Jämtland, Lapland, Medelpad, Norrbotten, Närke, Skåne, Småland, Södermanland, Uppland, Värmland, Västmanland, Västerbotten, Västergötland, Ångermanland, Öland and Östergötland.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: While these provinces serve no political or administrative purpose, they play an important role for people's self-identification. The provinces are usually grouped together in three large lands ("landsdelar"): the northern Norrland, the central Svealand and southern Götaland. The sparsely populated Norrland encompasses almost 60% of the country.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Administratively, Sweden is divided into 21 counties, or "län". In each county there is a County Administrative Board, or "länsstyrelse", which is appointed by the national government.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: In each county there is also a separate County Council, or "region (before 1 januari 2020 called landsting)", which is the municipal representation appointed by the county electorate.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Each county is further divided into municipalities or "kommuner", ranging from only one (in Gotland County) to forty-nine (in Västra Götaland County). The total number of municipalities is 290.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: The northern municipalities are often large in size, but have small populations – the largest municipality is Kiruna with an area as large as the three southern provinces in Sweden (Scania, Blekinge and Halland) combined, but it only has a population of 25,000, and its density is about 1 / km2.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Cities and towns in Sweden are neither political nor administrative entities; rather they are localities or urban areas, independent of municipal subdivisions.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: The largest city, in terms of population, is the capital Stockholm, in the east, the dominant city for culture and media, with a population of 1,250,000. The second largest city is Gothenburg, with 510,500, in the west. The third largest is Malmö in the south, with 258,000. The largest city in the north is Umeå with 76,000 inhabitants.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Sweden's natural resources include copper, gold, hydropower, iron ore, lead, silver, timber, uranium, and zinc.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Acid rain has become an issue because it is damaging soils and lakes and polluting the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The HBV hydrology transport model has been used to analyze nutrient discharge to the Baltic from tributary watersheds.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Swedish Meteorological Institute, SMHI's monthly average temperatures of some of their weather stations – for the latest scientific full prefixed thirty-year period 1961–1990

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Next will be presented in year 2020. The weather stations are sorted from south towards north by their numbers.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: The extreme points of Sweden include the coordinates that are farthest north, south, east and west in Sweden, and the ones that are at the highest and the lowest elevations in the country. Unlike Norway and Denmark, Sweden has no external territories that can be considered either inside or outside the country depending on definition, meaning that the extreme points of Sweden are unambiguous.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: The latitude and longitude are expressed in , in which a positive latitude value refers to the Northern Hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the Southern Hemisphere. Additionally, a negative elevation value refers to land below sea level. The coordinates used in this article are sourced from Google Earth, which makes use of the World Geodetic System (WGS) 84, a geodetic reference system.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Sweden's northernmost point is Treriksröset, in the Lapland province, where the borders of Sweden, Norway, and Finland meet. The closest Swedish city to the area is Kiruna, which is Sweden's northernmost city. Sweden's southernmost point is in the harbour of the fishing village Smygehuk, near the city of Trelleborg, which borders the Baltic Sea. At the pier of the harbour, a signpost displays the exact position of the point, as well as the distance to Treriksröset, Stockholm, Berlin, Paris, and Moscow.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Geography of Sweden

Context: Sweden's lowest point, which is below sea level, is in the Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve in the city of Kristianstad. The point is at the bottom of what was once Nosabyviken, a bay on the lake of Hammarsjön. The bay was drained in the 1860s by John Nun Milner, an engineer, to get more arable land for Kristianstad.

Question: స్వీడన్ ఏ ఖండంలో ఉంది?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Centered on the Congo Basin, the territory of the DRC was first inhabited by Central African foragers around 90,000 years ago and was reached by the Bantu expansion about 3,000 years ago. In the west, the Kingdom of Kongo ruled around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th centuries. In the northeast, center and east, the kingdoms of Azande, Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: At the time of independence, the country was named the Republic of the Congo-Léopoldville to distinguish it from its neighbour the Republic of the Congo-Brazzaville. With the promulgation of the Luluabourg Constitution on 1 August 1964, the country became the DRC but was renamed to Zaire (a past name for the Congo River) on 27 October 1971 by President Mobutu Sese Seko as part of his "Authenticité" initiative.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The word "Zaire" is from a Portuguese adaptation of a Kikongo word "nzadi" ("river"), a truncation of "nzadi o nzere" ("river swallowing rivers"). The river was known as "Zaire" during the 16th and 17th centuries; "Congo" seems to have replaced "Zaire" gradually in English usage during the 18th century, and "Congo" is the preferred English name in 19th-century literature, although references to "Zaire" as the name used by the natives (i.e. derived from Portuguese usage) remained common.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Belgian exploration and administration took place from the 1870s until the 1920s. It was first led by Henry Morton Stanley, who undertook his explorations under the sponsorship of KingLeopold II of Belgium. The eastern regions of the precolonial Congo were heavily disrupted by constant slave raiding, mainly from Arab–Swahili slave traders such as the infamous Tippu Tip, who was well known to Stanley.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Leopold had designs on what was to become the Congo as a colony. In a succession of negotiations, Leopold, professing humanitarian objectives in his capacity as chairman of the front organization "Association Internationale Africaine", actually played one European rival against another.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: King Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the Conference of Berlin in 1885 and made the land his private property. He named it the Congo Free State. Leopold's regime began various infrastructure projects, such as the construction of the railway that ran from the coast to the capital of Leopoldville (now Kinshasa), which took eight years to complete.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: In the Free State, colonists coerced the local population into producing rubber, for which the spread of automobiles and development of rubber tires created a growing international market. Rubber sales made a fortune for Leopold, who built several buildings in Brussels and Ostend to honor himself and his country. To enforce the rubber quotas, the "Force Publique" was called in and made the practice of cutting off the limbs of the natives a matter of policy.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: During the period of 1885–1908, millions of Congolese died as a consequence of exploitation and disease. In some areas the population declined dramatically – it has been estimated that sleeping sickness and smallpox killed nearly half the population in the areas surrounding the lower Congo River.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Colonial administrators ruled the territory and a dual legal system existed (a system of European courts and another one of indigenous courts, "tribunaux indigènes"). Indigenous courts had only limited powers and remained under the firm control of the colonial administration. The Belgian authorities permitted no political activity in the Congo whatsoever, and the "Force Publique" put down any attempts at rebellion.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The Belgian Congo was directly involved in the two world wars. During World War I (1914–1918), an initial stand-off between the "Force Publique" and the German colonial army in German East Africa turned into open warfare with a joint Anglo-Belgian-Portuguese invasion of German colonial territory in 1916 and 1917 during the East African campaign. The "Force Publique" gained a notable victory when it marched into Tabora in September 1916 under the command of General Charles Tombeur after heavy fighting.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960 under the name "République du Congo" ("Republic of Congo" or "Republic of the Congo" in English). As the neighboring French colony of Middle Congo ("Moyen Congo") also chose the name "Republic of Congo" upon achieving its independence, the two countries are more commonly known as "Congo-Léopoldville" and "Congo-Brazzaville", after their capital cities.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: On 14 September Colonel Joseph Mobutu, with the backing of the U.S. and Belgium, removed Lumumba from office. On 17 January 1961, Lumumba was handed over to Katangan authorities and executed by Belgian-led Katangan troops. An investigation by the Belgium's Parliament in 2001 found Belgium "morally responsible" for the murder of Lumumba, and the country has since officially apologised for its role in his death.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Meanwhile, in the east of the country, Soviet and Cuban backed rebels called the Simbas rose up, taking a significant amount of territory and proclaiming a communist "People's Republic of the Congo" in Stanleyville. The Simbas were pushed out of Stanleyville in November 1964 during Operation Dragon Rouge, a military operation conducted by Belguim and American forces to rescue hundreds of hostages. Congolese government forces fully defeated the Simba rebels by November 1965.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Corruption became so common the term "le mal Zairois" or "Zairian sickness", meaning gross corruption, theft and mismanagement, was coined, reportedly by Mobutu. International aid, most often in the form of loans, enriched Mobutu while he allowed national infrastructure such as roads to deteriorate to as little as one-quarter of what had existed in 1960. Zaire became a kleptocracy as Mobutu and his associates embezzled government funds.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: In a campaign to identify himself with African nationalism, starting on 1 June 1966, Mobutu renamed the nation's cities: Léopoldville became Kinshasa (the country was known as Congo-Kinshasa), Stanleyville became Kisangani, Elisabethville became Lubumbashi, and Coquilhatville became Mbandaka. In 1971, Mobutu renamed the country the "Republic of Zaire", its fourth name change in eleven years and its sixth overall. The Congo River was renamed the Zaire River.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: By 1996, following the Rwandan Civil War and genocide and the ascension of a Tutsi-led government in Rwanda, Rwandan Hutu militia forces (Interahamwe) fled to eastern Zaire and used refugee camps as bases for incursions against Rwanda. They allied with the Zairian Armed Forces to launch a campaign against Congolese ethnic Tutsis in eastern Zaire.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: In the resulting M23 rebellion, M23 briefly captured the provincial capital of Goma in November 2012. Neighboring countries, particularly Rwanda, have been accused of arming rebels groups and using them as proxies to gain control of the resource-rich country, an accusation they deny. In March 2013, the United Nations Security Council authorized the United Nations Force Intervention Brigade to neutralize armed groups. On 5 November 2013, M23 declared an end to its insurgency.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The war in the Congo has been described as the bloodiest war since World War II. On 8 December 2017, fourteen UN soldiers and five Congolese regular soldiers were killed in a rebel attack at Semuliki in Beni territory. The rebels were thought to be Allied Democratic Forces. UN investigations confirmed that aggressor in the December attack.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Human Rights Watch said in 2017 that Kabila recruited former March 23 Movement fighters to put down country-wide protests over his refusal to step down from office at the end of his term. "M23 fighters patrolled the streets of Congo's main cities, firing on or arresting protesters or anyone else deemed to be a threat to the president," they said.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Fierce fighting has erupted in Masisi between government forces and a powerful local warlord, General Delta. The United Nations mission in the DRC is its largest and most expensive peacekeeping effort, but it shut down five UN bases near Masisi in 2017, after the U.S. led a push to cut costs.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: On 10 May 2018, Congolese gynecologist Denis Mukwege was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his effort to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The political allies of Kabila maintained control of key ministries, the legislature, judiciary and security services. However, Tshisekedi succeeded in strengthening his hold on power. In a series of moves, he won over more legislators, gaining the support of almost 400 out of 500 members of the National Assembly. The pro-Kabila speakers of both houses of parliament were forced out. In April 2021, the new government was formed without the supporters of Kabila.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: A major measles outbreak in the country left nearly 5,000 dead in 2019. The Ebola outbreak ended in June 2020, which had caused 2,280 deaths over 2 years. Another, smaller Ebola outbreak in the Équateur Province began in June 2020, ultimately causing 55 deaths. The global COVID-19 pandemic also reached the DRC in March 2020, with a vaccination campaign beginning on 19 April 2021.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The Italian ambassador to the DRC, Luca Attanasio, and his bodyguard were killed in North Kivu on 22 February 2021. On 22 April 2021, meetings between Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta and the Tshisekedi resulted in new agreements increasing international trade and security (counterterrorism, immigration, cyber security, and customs) between the two countries. In February 2022, allegations of a coup d'état in the country led to uncertainty, but the coup attempt failed.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The tropical climate produced the Congo River system which dominates the region topographically along with the rainforest it flows through. The Congo Basin occupies nearly the entire country and an area of nearly . The river and its tributaries form the backbone of Congolese economics and transportation. Major tributaries include the Kasai, Sangha, Ubangi, Ruzizi, Aruwimi, and Lulonga.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The Albertine Rift plays a key role in shaping the Congo's geography. Not only is the northeastern section of the country much more mountainous, but tectonic movement results in volcanic activity, occasionally with loss of life. The geologic activity in this area also created the African Great Lakes, four of which lie on the Congo's eastern frontier: Lake Albert, Lake Kivu, Lake Edward, and Lake Tanganyika.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The rift valley has exposed an enormous amount of mineral wealth throughout the south and east of the Congo, making it accessible to mining. Cobalt, copper, cadmium, industrial and gem-quality diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, and coal are all found in plentiful supply, especially in the Congo's southeastern Katanga region.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The country is currently divided into the city-province of Kinshasa and 25 other provinces. The provinces are subdivided into 145 territories and 32 cities. Before 2015, the country had 11 provinces.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The civil war and resulting in poor economic conditions have endangered much of the biodiversity of the DRC. Many park wardens were either killed or could not afford to continue their work. The five national parks are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage in Danger.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Displaced refugees cause or are otherwise responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion and wildlife poaching. Another significant issue is environmental damage from the mining of minerals, especially diamonds, gold, and coltan – a mineral used to manufacture capacitors.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The 2003 transitional constitution had established a parliament with a bicameral legislature, consisting of a Senate and a National Assembly.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The Senate had, among other things, the charge of drafting the new constitution of the country. The executive branch was vested in a 60-member cabinet, headed by a President and four vice presidents. The President was also the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. The transitional constitution also established a relatively independent judiciary, headed by a Supreme Court with constitutional interpretation powers.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The government – not the President – is responsible to the Parliament. The new constitution also granted new powers to the provincial governments, creating provincial parliaments which have oversight of the Governor and the head of the provincial government, whom they elect. The new constitution also saw the disappearance of the Supreme Court, which was divided into three new institutions. The constitutional interpretation prerogative of the Supreme Court is now held by the Constitutional Court.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Although located in the Central African UN subregion, the nation is also economically and regionally affiliated with Southern Africa as a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC).

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: It is thought that due to the importance of cobalt for batteries for electric vehicles and stabilization of electric grids with large proportions of intermittent renewables in the electricity mix, the DRC could become an object of increased geopolitical competition.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: In the 21st century, Chinese investment in the DRC and Congolese exports to China have grown rapidly. In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including DRC, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim ethnic minorities. In 2021, President Félix Tshisekedi called for a review of mining contracts signed with China by his predecessor Joseph Kabila, in particular the Sicomines multibillion 'minerals-for-infrastructure' deal.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: A relative of Mobutu explained how the government illicitly collected revenue during his rule: "Mobutu would ask one of us to go to the bank and take out a million. We'd go to an intermediary and tell him to get five million. He would go to the bank with Mobutu's authority and take out ten. Mobutu got one, and we took the other nine." Mobutu institutionalized corruption to prevent political rivals from challenging his control, leading to an economic collapse in 1996.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Mobutu allegedly stole as much as US$4–5 billion while in office. He was not the first corrupt Congolese leader by any means: "Government as a system of organized theft goes back to King Leopold II," noted Adam Hochschild in 2009. In July 2009, a Swiss court determined that the statute of limitations had run out on an international asset recovery case of about $6.7 million of deposits of Mobutu's in a Swiss bank, and therefore the assets should be returned to Mobutu's family.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: President Kabila established the Commission of Repression of Economic Crimes upon his ascension to power in 2001. However, in 2016 the Enough Project issued a report claiming that the Congo is run as a violent kleptocracy.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: In June 2020, a court in the Democratic Republic of Congo found President Tshisekedi's chief of staff Vital Kamerhe guilty of corruption. He was sentenced to 20 years' hard labour, after facing charges of embezzling almost $50m (£39m) of public funds. He was the most high-profile figure to be convicted of corruption in the DRC.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: In November 2021, a judicial investigation targeting Kabila and his associates was opened in Kinshasa after revelations of alleged embezzlement of $138 million.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Violence against women seems to be perceived by large sectors of society to be normal. The 2013–2014 DHS survey (pp. 299) found that 74.8% of women agreed that a husband is justified in beating his wife in certain circumstances.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is also practiced in DRC, although not on a large scale. The prevalence of FGM is estimated at 5% of women. FGM is illegal: the law imposes a penalty of two to five years of prison and a fine of 200,000 Congolese francs on any person who violates the "physical or functional integrity" of the genital organs.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: In 2015, figures both inside and outside of the country, such as Filimbi and Emmanuel Weyi, spoke out about the need to curb violence and instability as the 2016 elections approached.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?


Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context: The DRC is widely considered one of the world's richest countries in natural resources; its untapped deposits of raw minerals are estimated to be worth in excess of US$24 trillion. The DRC has 70% of the world's coltan, a third of its cobalt, more than 30% of its diamond reserves, and a tenth of its copper.

Question: 2015 నాటికీ ఆఫ్రికాలో నాల్గవ అత్యధిక జనాభా గల నగరం పేరేమిటి?