Day

Context: In places which experience Midnight sun, daytime may extend beyond one 24-hour period and could even extend to months. This is a phenomenon caused by Earth's axial tilt. Observers within the arctic circle can see a midnight sun.

Question: １日が24時間というのはどかで発生した概念？


Washington, D.C.

Context: A locally elected mayor and a 13-member council have governed the district since 1973. Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D.C. residents elect a single at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives who has no vote. The district has no representation at all in the Senate. District voters choose three presidential electors in accordance with the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: In his Federalist No. 43, published January 23, 1788, James Madison argued that the new federal government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance and safety. The Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: On July 9, 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, who signed the bill into law on July 16. Formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring on each side, totaling .

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory: the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, and the port city of Alexandria, Virginia, founded in 1749. During 1791–92, a team under Andrew Ellicott, including Ellicott's brothers Joseph and Benjamin and African-American astronomer Benjamin Banneker, surveyed the borders of the federal district and placed boundary stones at every mile point. Many of the stones are still standing.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: A new federal city was then constructed on the north bank of the Potomac, to the east of Georgetown. On September 9, 1791, the three commissioners overseeing the capital's construction named the city in honor of President Washington. The same day, the federal district was named Columbia (a feminine form of "Columbus"), which was a poetic name for the United States commonly in use at that time. Congress held its first session there on November 17, 1800.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: On August 24–25, 1814, in a raid known as the Burning of Washington, British forces invaded the capital during the War of 1812. The Capitol, Treasury, and White House were burned and gutted during the attack. Most government buildings were repaired quickly; however, the Capitol was largely under construction at the time and was not completed in its current form until 1868.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: In the 1830s, the district's southern territory of Alexandria went into economic decline partly due to neglect by Congress. The city of Alexandria was a major market in the American slave trade, and pro-slavery residents feared that abolitionists in Congress would end slavery in the district, further depressing the economy. Alexandria's citizens petitioned Virginia to take back the land it had donated to form the district, through a process known as retrocession.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The Virginia General Assembly voted in February 1846 to accept the return of Alexandria. On July 9, 1846, Congress agreed to return all the territory that Virginia had ceded. Therefore, the district's area consists only of the portion originally donated by Maryland. Confirming the fears of pro-slavery Alexandrians, the Compromise of 1850 outlawed the slave trade in the District, although not slavery itself.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: By 1870, the district's population had grown 75% from the previous census to nearly 132,000 residents. Despite the city's growth, Washington still had dirt roads and lacked basic sanitation. Some members of Congress suggested moving the capital further west, but President Ulysses S. Grant refused to consider such a proposal.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Congress passed the Organic Act of 1871, which repealed the individual charters of the cities of Washington and Georgetown, abolished Washington County, and created a new territorial government for the whole District of Columbia.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: After the reorganization, President Grant appointed Alexander Robey Shepherd to the position of Governor of the District of Columbia in 1873. Shepherd authorized large-scale projects that greatly modernized the City of Washington, but ultimately bankrupted the district government. In 1874, Congress replaced the territorial government with an appointed three-member Board of Commissioners.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Increased federal spending as a result of the New Deal in the 1930s led to the construction of new government buildings, memorials, and museums in the district, though the chairman of the House Subcommittee on District Appropriations Ross A. Collins from Mississippi justified cuts to funds for welfare and education for local residents, saying that "my constituents wouldn't stand for spending money on niggers."

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: World War II further increased government activity, adding to the number of federal employees in the capital; by 1950, the district's population reached its peak of 802,178 residents.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in 1961, granting the district three votes in the Electoral College for the election of president and vice president, but still no voting representation in Congress.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: After the assassination of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4, 1968, riots broke out in the district, primarily in the U Street, 14th Street, 7th Street, and H Street corridors, centers of black residential and commercial areas. The riots raged for three days until more than 13,600 federal troops and D.C. Army National Guardsmen stopped the violence. Many stores and other buildings were burned; rebuilding was not completed until the late 1990s.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: In 1973, Congress enacted the District of Columbia Home Rule Act, providing for an elected mayor and thirteen-member council for the district. In 1975, Walter Washington became the first elected and first black mayor of the district.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The highest natural elevation in the district is above sea level at Fort Reno Park in upper northwest Washington. The lowest point is sea level at the Potomac River. The geographic center of Washington is near the intersection of 4th and L Streets NW.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The district has of parkland, about 19% of the city's total area and the second-highest percentage among high-density U.S. cities. This factor contributed to Washington, D.C., being ranked as third in the nation for park access and quality in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the park systems of the 100 most populous cities in the United States, according to the nonprofit Trust for Public Land.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Washington is in the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen: "Cfa"). The Trewartha classification is defined as an oceanic climate ("Do"). Winters are cool to cold with light snow more common but heavy snow not uncommon, and summers are hot and humid. The district is in plant hardiness zone 8a near downtown, and zone 7b elsewhere in the city, indicating a humid subtropical climate.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Summers are hot and humid with a July daily average of and average daily relative humidity around 66%, which can cause moderate personal discomfort. Heat indices regularly approach at the height of summer. The combination of heat and humidity in the summer brings very frequent thunderstorms, some of which occasionally produce tornadoes in the area.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Blizzards affect Washington, on average, once every four to six years. The most violent storms are called "nor'easters", which often affect large sections of the East Coast. From January 27 to 28, 1922, the city officially received of snowfall, the largest snowstorm since official measurements began in 1885. According to notes kept at the time, the city received between from a snowstorm in January 1772.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Hurricanes (or their remnants) occasionally track through the area in late summer and early fall. However, they are often weak by the time they reach Washington, partly due to the city's inland location. Flooding of the Potomac River, however, caused by a combination of high tide, storm surge, and runoff, has been known to cause extensive property damage in the neighborhood of Georgetown.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The highest recorded temperature was on August 6, 1918, and on July 20, 1930. while the lowest recorded temperature was on February 11, 1899, right before the Great Blizzard of 1899. During a typical year, the city averages about 37 days at or above and 64 nights at or below the freezing mark (). On average, the first day with a minimum at or below freezing is November 18 and the last day is March 27.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The Washington Metropolitan Area, which includes the district and surrounding suburbs, is the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the United States with an estimated six million residents in 2014. When the Washington area is included with Baltimore and its suburbs, the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area had a population exceeding 9.8 million residents in 2020, the third-largest combined statistical area in the country.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: According to 2017 Census Bureau data, the population of Washington, D.C., was 47.1% Black or African American, 45.1% White (36.8% non-Hispanic White), 4.3% Asian, 0.6% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Individuals from two or more races made up 2.7% of the population. Hispanics of any race made up 11.0% of the district's population.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: About 17% of D.C. residents were age 18 or younger in 2010, lower than the U.S. average of 24%. However, at 34 years old, the district had the lowest median age compared to the 50 states. , there were an estimated 81,734 immigrants living in Washington, D.C. Major sources of immigration include El Salvador, Vietnam, and Ethiopia, with a concentration of Salvadorans in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Researchers found that there were 4,822 same-sex couples in the District of Columbia in 2010, about 2% of total households. Legislation authorizing same-sex marriage passed in 2009, and the district began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples in March 2010.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Of the district's population, 17% is Baptist, 13% is Catholic, 6% is evangelical Protestant, 4% is Methodist, 3% is Episcopalian/Anglican, 3% is Jewish, 2% is Eastern Orthodox, 1% is Pentecostal, 1% is Buddhist, 1% is Adventist, 1% is Lutheran, 1% is Muslim, 1% is Presbyterian, 1% is Mormon, and 1% is Hindu.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: , more than 90% of D.C. residents had health insurance coverage, the second-highest rate in the nation. This is due in part to city programs that help provide insurance to low-income individuals who do not qualify for other types of coverage. A 2009 report found that at least three percent of district residents have HIV or AIDS, which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) characterizes as a "generalized and severe" epidemic.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Crime in Washington, D.C., is concentrated in areas associated with poverty, drug abuse, and gangs. A 2010 study found that 5 percent of city blocks accounted for more than 25% of the district's total crimes.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The more affluent neighborhoods of Northwest Washington are typically safe, especially in areas with concentrations of government operations, such as Downtown Washington, D.C., Foggy Bottom, Embassy Row, and Penn Quarter, but reports of violent crime increase in poorer neighborhoods generally concentrated in the eastern portion of the city. Approximately 60,000 residents are ex-convicts.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: In 2021, the annual murders continued on an upward trend, totaling 226, a significant rise from previous lows. In 2012, Washington's annual murder count had dropped to 88, the lowest total since 1961. Washington was once described as the "murder capital" of the United States during the early 1990s. The number of murders peaked in 1991 at 479, but the level of violence then began to decline significantly.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: On June 26, 2008, the Supreme Court of the United States held in "District of Columbia v. Heller" that the city's 1976 handgun ban violated the right to keep and bear arms as protected under the Second Amendment. However, the ruling does not prohibit all forms of gun control; laws requiring firearm registration remain in place, as does the city's assault weapon ban.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: In addition to the district's own Metropolitan Police Department, many federal law enforcement agencies have jurisdiction in the city as well—most visibly the U.S. Park Police, founded in 1791.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Directly south of the mall, the Tidal Basin features rows of Japanese cherry trees. The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, George Mason Memorial, Jefferson Memorial, Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, and the District of Columbia War Memorial are around the Tidal Basin.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The National Archives houses thousands of documents important to American history, including the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. Located in three buildings on Capitol Hill, the Library of Congress is the largest library complex in the world with a collection of more than 147 million books, manuscripts, and other materials. The United States Supreme Court Building was completed in 1935; before then, the court held sessions in the Old Senate Chamber of the Capitol.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The Smithsonian American Art Museum and the National Portrait Gallery are housed in the Old Patent Office Building, near Washington's Chinatown. The Renwick Gallery is officially part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum but is in a separate building near the White House. Other Smithsonian museums and galleries include: the Anacostia Community Museum in Southeast Washington; the National Postal Museum near Union Station; and the National Zoo in Woodley Park.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The National Gallery of Art is on the National Mall near the Capitol and features American and European artworks. The U.S. government owns the gallery and its collections. However, they are not a part of the Smithsonian Institution. The National Building Museum, which occupies the former Pension Building near Judiciary Square, was chartered by Congress and hosts exhibits on architecture, urban planning, and design.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The Marine Barracks near Capitol Hill houses the United States Marine Band; founded in 1798, it is the country's oldest professional musical organization. American march composer and Washington-native John Philip Sousa led the Marine Band from 1880 until 1892. Founded in 1925, the United States Navy Band has its headquarters at the Washington Navy Yard and performs at official events and public concerts around the city.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The U Street Corridor in Northwest D.C., known as "Washington's Black Broadway", is home to institutions like the Howard Theatre, Bohemian Caverns, and the Lincoln Theatre, which hosted music legends such as Washington-native Duke Ellington, John Coltrane, and Miles Davis. Washington has its own native music genre called go-go; a post-funk, percussion-driven flavor of rhythm and blues that was popularized in the late 1970s by D.C. band leader Chuck Brown.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The district is an important center for indie culture and music in the United States. The label Dischord Records, formed by Ian MacKaye, frontman of Fugazi, was one of the most crucial independent labels in the genesis of 1980s punk and eventually indie rock in the 1990s. Modern alternative and indie music venues like The Black Cat and the bring popular acts to the U Street area.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: D.C. teams have won a combined thirteen professional league championships: the Washington Commanders (then named the Washington Redskins) have won five (including three Super Bowls during the 1980s); D.C. United has won four; and the Washington Wizards (then the Washington Bullets), Washington Capitals, Washington Mystics and Washington Nationals have each won a single championship.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The district's four NCAA Division I teams, American Eagles, George Washington Colonials, Georgetown Hoyas and Howard Bison and Lady Bison, have a broad following. The Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team is the most notable and also plays at the Capital One Arena. From 2008 to 2012, the district hosted an annual college football bowl game at RFK Stadium, called the Military Bowl. The D.C. area is home to one regional sports television network, Comcast SportsNet (CSN), based in Bethesda, Maryland.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Another popular local daily is "The Washington Times", the city's second general interest broadsheet and also an influential paper in conservative political circles. The alternative weekly "Washington City Paper" also has a substantial readership in the Washington area.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Each of the city's eight wards elects a single member of the council and residents elect four at-large members to represent the district as a whole. The council chair is also elected at-large. There are 37 Advisory Neighborhood Commissions (ANCs) elected by small neighborhood districts. ANCs can issue recommendations on all issues that affect residents; government agencies take their advice under careful consideration. The attorney general of the District of Columbia is elected to a four-year term.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Washington, D.C., observes all federal holidays and also celebrates Emancipation Day on April 16, which commemorates the end of slavery in the district. The flag of Washington, D.C., was adopted in 1938 and is a variation on George Washington's family coat of arms.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Washington, D.C., has been a member state of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) since 2015.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The idiom "Inside the Beltway" is a reference used by media to describe discussions of national political issues inside of Washington, by way of geographical demarcation regarding the region inner to the Capital's Beltway, Interstate 495, the city's highway loop (beltway) constructed in 1964. The phrase is used as a title for a number of political columns and news items by publications like the populist "Washington Times".

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The district regained control over its finances in 2001 and the oversight board's operations were suspended.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The district has a federally funded "Emergency Planning and Security Fund" to cover security related to visits by foreign leaders and diplomats, presidential inaugurations, protests, and terrorism concerns. During the Trump administration, the fund has run with a deficit. Trump's January 2017 inauguration cost the city $27 million; of that, $7 million was never repaid to the fund. Trump's 2019 Independence Day event, "A Salute to America", cost six times more than Independence Day events in past years.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Opponents of D.C. voting rights propose that the Founding Fathers never intended for district residents to have a vote in Congress since the Constitution makes clear that representation must come from the states. Those opposed to making D.C. a state claim such a move would destroy the notion of a separate national capital and that statehood would unfairly grant Senate representation to a single city.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Washington, D.C., has fifteen official sister city agreements. Each of the listed cities is a national capital except for Sunderland, which includes the town of Washington, the ancestral home of George Washington's family. Paris and Rome are each formally recognized as a partner city due to their special one sister city policy. Listed in the order each agreement was first established, they are:

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Private universities include American University (AU), the Catholic University of America (CUA), Gallaudet University, George Washington University (GW), Georgetown University (GU), Howard University (HU), the Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and Trinity Washington University. The Corcoran College of Art and Design, the oldest art school in the capital, was absorbed into the George Washington University in 2014, now serving as its college of arts.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The University of the District of Columbia (UDC) is a public land-grant university providing undergraduate and graduate education. D.C. residents may also be eligible for a grant of up to $15,000 per year to offset the cost of tuition at any public university in the country through the city's DCTAG program

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: The district is known for its medical research institutions such as Washington Hospital Center and the Children's National Medical Center, as well as the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the city is home to three medical schools and associated teaching hospitals at George Washington, Georgetown, and Howard universities.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Union Station is the city's main train station and serves approximately 70,000 people each day. It is Amtrak's second-busiest station with 4.6 million passengers annually and is the southern terminus for the Northeast Corridor and Acela Express routes. Maryland's MARC and Virginia's VRE commuter trains and the Metrorail Red Line also provide service into Union Station. Following renovations in 2011, Union Station became Washington's primary intercity bus transit center.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Pepco is the city's electric utility and services 793,000 customers in the district and suburban Maryland. An 1889 law prohibits overhead wires within much of the historic City of Washington. As a result, all power lines and telecommunication cables are located underground in downtown Washington, and traffic signals are placed at the edge of the street. A plan announced in 2013 would bury an additional of primary power lines throughout the district.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Washington, D.C.

Context: Washington Gas is the city's natural gas utility and serves more than a million customers in the district and its suburbs. Incorporated by Congress in 1848, the company installed the city's first gas lights in the Capitol, the White House, and along Pennsylvania Avenue.

Question: ワシントンD.C.の面積は何平方キロメートルですか？


Sitcom

Context: A sitcom, a portmanteau of situation comedy, is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who mostly carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, where a comedian tells jokes and stories to an audience. Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: A situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the program's production format. The effect of a live studio audience can be imitated or enhanced by the use of a laugh track.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: Critics disagree over the utility of the term "sitcom" in classifying shows that have come into existence since the turn of the century. Many contemporary American sitcoms use the single-camera setup and do not feature a laugh track, thus often resembling the dramedy shows of the 1980s and 1990s rather than the traditional sitcom.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: The terms "situation comedy" or "sitcom" were not commonly used until the 1950s. There were prior examples on radio, but the first television sitcom is said to be "Pinwright's Progress", ten episodes being broadcast on the BBC in the United Kingdom between 1946 and 1947. In the United States, director and producer William Asher has been credited with being the "man who invented the sitcom", having directed over two dozen of the leading sitcoms, including "I Love Lucy," from the 1950s through the 1970s.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: There have been few long-running Australian-made sitcoms, but many US and UK sitcoms have been successful there. Sitcoms are a staple of government broadcaster Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC); in the 1970s and 1980s many UK sitcoms also screened on the Seven Network. By 1986, UK comedies "Bless This House" and "Are You Being Served?" had been repeated by ABC Television several times, and were then acquired and screened by the Seven Network, in prime time.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: In 1981, "Daily at Dawn" was the first Australian comedy series to feature a regular gay character (Terry Bader as journalist Leslie).

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: In 1987, "Mother and Son" was winner of the Television Drama Award presented by the Australian Human Rights Commission.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: In 2007, "Kath & Kims first episode of series four attracted an Australian audience of 2.521 million nationally, the highest rating ever for a first episode in the history of Australian television, until the series premiere of ' in 2009 with 2.58 million viewers.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: In 2013, "Please Like Me" received an invitation to screen at the Series Mania Television Festival in Paris, was praised by critics and has garnered numerous awards and nominations.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: Also in 2013, "At Home With Julia" was criticised by several social commentators as inappropriately disrespectful to the office of Prime Minister,

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: the show nevertheless proved very popular both with television audiences — becoming the most watched Australian scripted comedy series of 2011 — and with television critics. Nominated to the 2012 Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards for Best Television Comedy Series.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: Although there have been a number of notable exceptions, Canadian television networks have generally fared poorly with their sitcom offerings, with relatively few Canadian sitcoms attaining notable success in Canada or internationally. Canadian television has had much greater success with sketch comedy and dramedy series.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: The popular show "King of Kensington" aired from 1975 to 1980, drawing an average of 1.5 to 1.8 million viewers weekly at its peak.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: "Corner Gas", which ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009, became an instant hit, averaging a million viewers per episode. It has been the recipient of six Gemini Awards, and has been nominated almost 70 times for various awards.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: Other noteworthy recent sitcoms have included "Call Me Fitz", "Schitt's Creek", "Letterkenny" and "Kim's Convenience", all of which have been winners of the Canadian Screen Award for Best Comedy Series.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah is the longest running sitcom of Indian television and is known as the flagship show of SAB TV.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: "Gliding On", a popular sitcom in New Zealand in the early 1980s, won multiple awards over the course of its run, including Best Comedy, Best Drama and Best Direction at the Feltex Awards.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: American sitcoms are generally written to run a total of 22 minutes in length, leaving eight minutes for advertisements in a 30 minute timeslot.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Sitcom

Context: Some popular British shows have been successfully adapted for the US. Some of the most successful American sitcoms of the 1970s, including "All in the Family", "Three's Company", and "Sanford and Son", were adapted from British productions.

Question: シットコムの起源はいつ


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza is regarded as one of the best offensive catchers in baseball history. He had at least one RBI in 15 straight games for the Mets in 2000, the second-longest RBI streak ever. In 2013, the Mets inducted Piazza into the New York Mets Hall of Fame. In 2016, Piazza was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, receiving 82.95% of the vote.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza owned the Italian soccer team A.C. Reggiana 1919, which played for two seasons (2017–2018) in Serie C under his leadership before its non-registration due to continued financial troubles.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania, grew up in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, and attended Phoenixville Area High School. He is the second-oldest son of Vince (1932–2021) and Veronica, with brothers Vince Jr., Dan, Tony, and Tom. Tom's godfather was former MLB manager Tommy Lasorda. Mike grew up a Philadelphia Phillies fan, and admiring Hall of Fame third baseman Mike Schmidt.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Vince Piazza earned a fortune of more than $100 million in used cars and real estate, and attempted several times to purchase an MLB franchise. When the Dodgers—managed by Vince Piazza's childhood friend Tommy Lasorda, the godfather of Mike Piazza's youngest brother, Tommy—visited Philadelphia, Piazza visited the Dodger clubhouse and served as a bat boy in the dugout.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza graduated from Phoenixville Area High School in 1986, after which he went to South Florida and joined the Miami Hurricanes his freshman year; receiving no playing time that season, Piazza transferred to Miami-Dade Community College.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza won the NL Rookie of the Year Award in 1993 after appearing in 149 games, hitting .318, slugging 35 home runs, and driving in 112 RBI. He was also selected to the 1993 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, his first of 10 consecutive (and 12 total) All-Star appearances. Until Joc Pederson passed him in 2015, Piazza's 18 home runs before the All-Star break was a Dodgers' rookie record.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: In 1996, Piazza hit .336 with 36 home runs and 105 RBI, finishing second in NL MVP voting, behind Ken Caminiti.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza's best season with the Dodgers was 1997, when he hit .362, with 40 home runs, 124 RBI, an on-base percentage of .431, and a slugging percentage of .638. He finished second in NL MVP voting for the second straight year, behind Larry Walker.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza played seven seasons for the Dodgers until he was traded to the Florida Marlins on May 15, 1998. Piazza and Todd Zeile went to the Marlins in return for Gary Sheffield, Charles Johnson, Bobby Bonilla, Manuel Barrios, and Jim Eisenreich. He only appeared in five games with the Marlins, where he hit .278.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: The following year, Piazza led the Mets to an NL pennant and a World Series appearance in the 2000 Subway Series. Of note, all five games were decided by two runs or fewer, something that had not occurred in a World Series in almost 70 years. He became known as the Monster after coach John Stearns was caught on tape during the 2000 National League Championship Series after a Piazza hit saying "The Monster is out of the Cage".

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza's game-winning 8th-inning home run in the first professional baseball game played in New York following the 9/11 attacks has been called iconic, therapeutic, and symbolic. The jersey he wore in that September 21, 2001 game was purchased in April 2016 for $365,000, the highest price ever paid for a modern-day jersey, and is displayed on a rotating basis among the 9/11 Memorial Museum, Citi Field, and the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: On October 2, 2005, Piazza played his final game in a Mets uniform. Because it was well-reported that Piazza would soon depart to free agency, Mets manager Willie Randolph elected to replace Piazza in the top of the eighth inning. With the Shea Stadium crowd giving him a standing ovation, Piazza humbly bowed to the stands and blew kisses to the adoring fans.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Following the 2005 season, Piazza signed a one-year contract with the San Diego Padres on January 29, 2006.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Serving as the Padres' starting catcher and clean-up hitter, Piazza experienced somewhat of a rejuvenation in 2006, batting .283 with 22 homers and helping the Padres to a division title. On July 21, 2006, Mike Piazza collected his 2,000th career hit in the major leagues.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: After not being signed to any MLB team for the 2008 season, Piazza announced his retirement on May 20, 2008, saying, "After discussing my options with my wife, family and agent, I felt it is time to start a new chapter in my life. It has been an amazing journey."

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: On Nov. 13, 2019, Piazza announced that he would manage the Italian National Baseball team in the 2020 European Baseball Championship and the 2021 World Baseball Classic. Due to the coronavirus pandemic and cancellation of the 2020 European Baseball Club competitions, Piazza was unable to do so.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza was the Italian National Baseball team's hitting coach at the 2009 and 2013 World Baseball Classic. He was an instructor for the Italian Baseball Academy when it won back-to-back European Baseball Championships in 2010 and 2012.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Prior to the start of the 2006 MLB season, Piazza represented Italy in the 2006 World Baseball Classic.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: In 2016, Piazza purchased a majority ownership stake of the third-division Italian soccer club A.C. Reggiana in Reggio Emilia, with an estimated investment of $3 million. His interest grew from his friendship with former Italian soccer player Maurizio Franzone.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: However, after two seasons of ownership and a controversial playoff loss to Robur Siena (with a penalty called in the 96th minute) Piazza put the team up for sale. Finding no buyers, and faced with mounting costs, including rent, the club ceased operations in July 2018. In December 2018 the team declared bankruptcy for the third time in twenty years. Piazza and his wife had feuded with Luca Vecchi, then mayor of Reggio Emilia, during their time as owners of the club.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Mets teammate Tom Glavine called Piazza a "first-ballot Hall of Famer, certainly the best hitting catcher of our era and arguably the best hitting catcher of all time". On May 8, 2010, while receiving an award, Piazza said to reporters that if he got into the Hall of Fame, he would like to be inducted as a Met, for whom he played seven-plus seasons.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza is known as among the best-hitting catchers of all time, hitting 427 career home runs and having an OPS of .922. Only eight other players have ever had over 400 home runs with over a .300 lifetime average while never striking out more than 100 times in a season (Ted Williams, Stan Musial, Lou Gehrig, Mel Ott, Hank Aaron, Babe Ruth, Vladimir Guerrero and Chipper Jones). He is one of only three players in history to win ten Silver Slugger Awards, along with Barry Bonds and Alex Rodriguez.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: The New York Mets retired his uniform number, 31, in a ceremony on July 30, 2016 prior to the Mets' game against the Colorado Rockies at Citi Field.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: A triangular pennant bearing Piazza's surname and uniform number is in the background of character Peter Parker's bedroom in the 2019 film "".

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza has appeared in the movie "Two Weeks Notice" and has acted in various TV shows and commercials. During the 1994–95 MLB strike, Piazza and a handful of other striking players appeared as themselves in the November 27, 1994 episode of "Married With Children".

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: On May 3, 2013, Piazza debuted with the Miami City Ballet, saying a few lines in the role of a hit man in the troupe's production of "Slaughter on Tenth Avenue". Piazza wants to increase the reputation of ballet among sports fans as a result of his daughters' attendance at a ballet school.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: On January 29, 2005, Piazza married "Playboy" Playmate Alicia Rickter at St. Jude's Catholic Church in Miami, Florida, before 120 guests, including Brande Roderick, Lisa Dergan, Anjelica Bridges, Al Leiter, John Franco, Iván Rodríguez, Eddie Trunk, and his best friend Eric Karros.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: On February 3, 2007, Piazza's wife gave birth to the couple's first child, daughter Nicoletta. On August 3, 2009, their second child, daughter Paulina, was born. The couple's third child and first son, Marco, was born in July 2013.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza is known to be a fan of heavy metal music and is featured on the album "Stronger than Death" by Black Label Society. He is also godfather to Zakk Wylde's son, Hendrix. He often cohosts Eddie Trunk's "Friday Night Rocks" show on WAXQ ("Q-104.3 FM") in New York City and was featured as the primary guest on an episode of "That Metal Show". He is also an accomplished drummer and has performed on stage with various bands.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: Piazza is a devout Roman Catholic. His faith was instilled in him by his Catholic mother and was featured in "Champions of Faith", a DVD documentary exploring the intersection of Catholic religious faith and sports. He also appeared in the follow-up video "Champions of Faith: Bases of Life".

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Mike Piazza

Context: While playing with the Mets, Piazza was a resident of Cresskill, New Jersey. He also maintained a penthouse apartment on 18th Street in New York City.

Question: マイケル・ジョセフ・ピアッツァは何歳でＭＬＢ入団した？


Tory

Context: The philosophy originates from the Cavalier faction, a royalist group during the English Civil War. The Tories political faction that emerged in 1681 was a reaction to the Whig-controlled Parliaments that succeeded the Cavalier Parliament. As a political term, Tory was an insult derived from the Irish language, that later entered English politics during the Exclusion Crisis of 1678–1681.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: It also has exponents in other parts of the former British Empire, such as the Loyalists of British America, who opposed American secession during the American War of Independence. The Loyalists who fled to the Canadas at the end of the American Revolution, the United Empire Loyalists, formed the support base for political cliques in Upper and Lower Canada.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: Toryism remains prominent in Canada and the United Kingdom. The British Conservative Party and Conservative Party of Canada, and their members, continue to be referred to as Tories. Adherents to traditional Toryism in contemporary times are referred to as High Tories.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: During the American Revolution, the term "Tory" was used interchangeably with the term "Loyalists" to refer to colonists that remained loyal to the Crown during that conflict. The term contrasts the colloquial term used to describe supporters of the revolution, "Patriot".

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: English Tories from the time of the Glorious Revolution up until the Reform Act 1832 were characterised by strong monarchist tendencies, support for the Church of England and hostility to radical reform, while the Tory party was an actual organisation which held power intermittently throughout the same period.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: The party was eventually succeeded by the Conservative and Unionist Party, with the term "Tory" enduring to become an interchangeable phrase with "Conservative".

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: The term "Tory" was first used to designate the pre-Confederation British ruling classes of Upper Canada and Lower Canada, known as the Family Compact and the Château Clique, an elite within the governing classes and often members within a section of society known as the United Empire Loyalists. The United Empire Loyalists were American loyalists from the Thirteen Colonies who resettled elsewhere in British North America during or after the American Revolutionary War.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: By the 1930s, the factions within Canadian Toryism were associated with either the urban business elites, or with rural traditionalists from the country's hinterland. A "Red Tory" is a member of the more moderate wing of the party (in the manner of John Farthing and George Grant). They are generally unified by their adherence to British traditions in Canada.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: Throughout the course of Canadian history, the Conservative Party was generally controlled by MacDonaldian Tory elements, which in Canada meant an adherence to the English-Canadian traditions of Monarchy, Empire-Commonwealth, parliamentary government, nationalism, protectionism, social reform and eventually acceptance of the necessity of the welfare state.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: As Mulroney took the Progressive Conservative Party further in this direction, with policy initiatives in the areas of deregulation, privatization, free-trade and a consumption tax called the Goods and services tax (GST), many traditionally-minded Tories became concerned that a political and cultural schism was occurring within the party.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: Thereafter in the 1990s, the Progressive Conservatives were a small party in the House of Commons of Canada and could only exert legislative pressure on the government through their power in the Senate of Canada. Eventually, through death and retirements, this power waned. Joe Clark returned as leader, but the schism with the Reformers effectively watered down the combined Blue and Red Tory vote in Canada.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: The term "Loyalist" was used in the American Revolution for those who remained loyal to the British Crown. About 80% of the Loyalists remained in the United States after the war. The 60,000 or so Loyalists who settled in Nova Scotia, Quebec, the Bahamas, or returned to Great Britain after the American War of Independence are known as United Empire Loyalists.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: In Texas in 1832–1836, support for the Texas Revolution was not unanimous. The "Tories" were men who supported the Mexican government. The Tories generally were long-term property holders whose roots were outside of the lower south. They typically had little interest in politics and sought conciliation rather than war. The Tories wanted to preserve the economic, political and social gains that they enjoyed as citizens of Mexico and the revolution threatened to jeopardize those gains.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: "Tory" has become shorthand for a member of the Conservative Party or for the party in general in Canada and the UK, and can be used interchangeably with the word "Conservative".

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: In the United States, "Tory" is often used as a historical term to describe supporters of Great Britain during the American Revolution. However, in Canadian parlance, British supporters during the revolution are called "Loyalists", with the term "Tory" being used as a contemporary political term.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: In Canada, the terms "Blue Tory" and "Red Tory" have been used to describe the two different factions of the federal and provincial conservative parties. In addition, the term "Pink Tory" is used in Canadian politics as a pejorative term to describe a member of the conservative party who is perceived as liberal.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Tory

Context: The British Broadcasting Corporation's own style guide permits the use of the term "Tory", although requires the term "Conservative" be used in its first instance.

Question: トーリー党は何故保守統一党になった


Aryan

Context: Although the stem "*arya-" may be of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) origin, its use as an ethnocultural self-designation is only attested among Indo-Iranian peoples, and it is not known if PIE speakers had a term to designate themselves as 'Proto-Indo-Europeans'. In any case, scholars point out that, even in ancient times, the idea of being an "Aryan" was religious, cultural and linguistic, not racial.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: Vedic Sanskrit speakers viewed the term "ā́rya" as a religious–linguistic category, referring to those who spoke the Sanskrit language and adhered to Vedic cultural norms, especially those who worshipped the Vedic gods (Indra and Agni in particular), took part in the sacrifices and festivals, and practiced the art of poetry.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: In later Indian texts and Buddhist sources, "ā́rya" took the meaning of 'noble', such as in the terms "Āryadésa"- ('noble land') for India, "Ārya-bhāṣā"- ('noble language') for Sanskrit, or "āryaka"- ('honoured man'), which gave the Pali "ayyaka"- ('grandfather'). The term came to incorporate the idea of a high social status, but was also used as an honorific for the Brahmana or the Buddhist monks. Parallelly, the Mleccha acquired additional meanings that referred to people of lower castes or aliens.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: In the words of scholar Gherardo Gnoli, the Old Iranian "airya" (Avestan) and "ariya" (Old Persian) were collective terms denoting the "peoples who were aware of belonging to the one ethnic stock, speaking a common language, and having a religious tradition that centred on the cult of Ahura Mazdā", in contrast to the 'non-Aryas', who are called "anairya" in Avestan, "anaryān" in Parthian, and "anērān" in Middle Persian.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: In ancient Sanskrit literature, the term "Āryāvarta" (आर्यावर्त, the 'abode of the Aryas') was the name given to the cradle of the Indo-Aryan culture in northern India. The "Manusmṛiti" locates "Āryāvarta" in "the tract between the Himalaya and the Vindhya ranges, from the Eastern (Bay of Bengal) to the Western Sea (Arabian Sea)".

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: "Alania", the name of the medieval kingdom of the Alans, derives from a dialectal variant of the Old Iranian stem *"Aryāna-", which is also linked to the mythical "Airyanem Waēǰō". Besides the "ala"- development, *"air-y"- may have turned into the stem "ir-y-" via an i-mutation in modern Ossetian languages, as in the place name "Iryston" (Ossetia), here attached to the Iranian suffix *"-stān".

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: Other place names mentioned in the "Avesta" include "airyō šayana", a movable term corresponding to the 'territory of the Aryas', "airyanąm dahyunąm", the 'lands of the Aryas', "Airyō-xšuθa", a mountain in eastern Iran associated with Ǝrəxša, and "vīspe aire razuraya," the forest where Kavi Haosravō slew the god Vāyu.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: Old Persian names derived the stem *"arya"- include "Aryabignes" (*"arya-bigna", 'Gift of the Aryans'), "Ariarathes" (*"Arya-wratha-", 'having Aryan joy'), "Ariobarzanēs" (*"Ārya-bṛzāna"-, 'exalting the Aryans'), "Ariaios" (*"arya-ai-", probably used as a hypocorism of the precedent names), or "Ariyāramna" (whose meaning remains unclear). The English "Alan" and the French "Alain" (from Latin "Alanus") may have been introduced by Alan settlers to Western Europe during the first millennium AD.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: The word Arianus was used to designate Ariana, the area comprising Afghanistan, Iran, North-western India and Pakistan. In 1601, Philemon Holland used 'Arianes' in his translation of the Latin Arianus to designate the inhabitants of Ariana. This was the first use of the form "Arian" verbatim in the English language.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: The word "ārya" is often found in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain texts. In the Indian spiritual context, it can be applied to Rishis or to someone who has mastered the four noble truths and entered upon the spiritual path. According to Indian leader Jawaharlal Nehru, the religions of India may be called collectively "ārya dharma," a term that includes the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent (e.g. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and possibly Sikhism).

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: The word ārya is also often used in Jainism, in Jain texts such as the Pannavanasutta. In Avaśyakaniryukti, an early Jaina text, a character named "Ārya Mangu" is mentioned twice.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: In contemporary scholarship, the terms 'Aryan' and 'Proto-Aryan' are still sometimes used to designate the prehistoric Indo-Iranian peoples and their proto-language. However, the use of 'Aryan' to mean 'Proto-Indo-European' is now regarded as an "aberration to be avoided". The 'Indo-Iranian' subfamily of languages – which encompasses the Indo-Aryan, Iranian and Nuristani branches – may also be referred to as the 'Aryan languages'.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: However, the atrocities committed in the name of Aryanist racial ideologies during the first part of the 20th century have led academics to generally avoid the term 'Aryan', which has been replaced in most cases by 'Indo-Iranian', although its Indic branch is still called 'Indo-Aryan'. The name 'Iranian', which stems from the Old Persian *"Aryānām", also continues to be used to refer to specific ethnolinguistic groups.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: Some authors writing for popular consumption have kept on using the word "Aryan" for all Indo-Europeans in the tradition of H. G. Wells, such as the science fiction author Poul Anderson, and scientists writing for the popular media, such as Colin Renfrew. According to F. B. J. Kuiper, echoes of "the 19th century prejudice about 'northern' Aryans who were confronted on Indian soil with black barbarians [...] can still be heard in some modern studies."

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: Led by Guido von List (1848–1919) and Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels (1874–1954), Ariosophists founded an ideological system combining "Völkisch" nationalism with esoterism. Prophesying a coming era of German (Aryan) world rule, they argued that a conspiracy against Germans – said to have been instigated by the non-Aryan races, the Jews, or the early Church – had "sought to ruin this ideal Germanic world by emancipating the non-German inferiors in the name of a spurious egalitarianism."

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Aryan

Context: Many American white supremacist neo-Nazi groups and prison gangs refer to themselves as 'Aryans', including the Aryan Brotherhood, the Aryan Nations, the Aryan Republican Army, the White Aryan Resistance, or the Aryan Circle. Modern nationalist political groups and neo-Pagan movements in Russia claim a direct linkage between themselves as Slavs and the ancient 'Aryans', and in some Indian nationalist circles, the term 'Aryan' can also be used in reference to an alleged Aryan 'race'.

Question: アーリア人人が使用した言語の名前は何？


Major League II

Context: In the previous season, the Cleveland Indians won the division title by beating the New York Yankees in a one-game playoff, but were defeated in the ALCS by the Chicago White Sox.

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: Finally out of options, Dorn sells the Indians back to Rachel Phelps. Rachel keeps Dorn on as the Indians general manager and his first order of business is to re-activate himself as a player. Phelps bought the team back as revenge for ruining her plan to move the team to Miami. With the Indians now in last place, she has another chance to do so. Lou suffers a heart attack in the clubhouse due to his frustration over the team's performance and Jake takes over in his stead.

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: The win sparks a hot streak that the Indians ride all the way to a second straight division title, clinched by beating the Toronto Blue Jays on the last day of the season. Despite this, Vaughn continues to slump as his ineffective breaking pitches have caused him to lose confidence in his best pitch, his fastball. To make matters worse, he refuses to finish games he starts and has allowed the heckling fans to get into his head.

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: However, the go-ahead runs reach base with two outs in the top of the ninth. Jake calls on Vaughn to get the final out and to the crowd's delight, Vaughn has taken Jake's message to heart and rediscovered his edge. To further this, he tells Jake that he intends to walk the current batter and pitch to Parkman instead, who is on deck. Knowing that an intentional walk will load the bases, Jake initially balks but takes confidence in Vaughn and allows him to face Parkman.

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: Vaughn throws a fastball that Parkman swings through for strike one, then follows with another fastball that Parkman fouls straight back. With two strikes on him, an impressed Parkman dares Vaughn to throw it a third time. Vaughn fearlessly complies with one more fastball dubbed the "Terminator" that Parkman swings through, striking out to end the game and send the Indians to the World Series.

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: The movie debuted at number 1 at the US box office, knocking out "", another sports comedy featuring "Major League" star Charlie Sheen's brother, Emilio Estevez. In the United States and Canada, the movie grossed a total of $30,626,182 at the box office. Worldwide, it grossed $53.2 million.

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 5% based on 21 reviews, with an average rating of 3.3/10. The site's critics consensus states: "Striking out on every joke, "Major League II" is a lazy sequel that belongs on the bench." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: In one of the lone positive reviews of the film, Rick Vanderknyff of "Los Angeles Times" wrote: "If that basic plot is at the core of just about every sports movie ever made, a slight variation often fuels their sequels. The team, spoiled by success, starts to get cocky, distracted by the temptations of fame, and loses sight of the things that made it a winner in the first place--only to regain its balance in time for the rousing big-game finale."

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: David S. Ward announced in 2010 that he was working on a new film, which he called "Major League 3", and hoped to cast the original stars Charlie Sheen, Wesley Snipes and Tom Berenger. The plot would see Sheen's character Ricky "Wild Thing" Vaughn coming out of retirement to work with a young player. The film is being seen as the third film in the series, despite the fact that a third film, "Major League: Back to the Minors", was released in 1998.

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: On April 6, 2011 in Cleveland, Ohio, Charlie Sheen during his "violent torpedoes of truth" tour announced to the audience that he was working on a third sequel, titled "Major League 3", and said "We are gonna shoot it right here in Cleveland!" He opened the show wearing a "Rick Vaughn" #99 Cleveland Indians jersey.

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Major League II

Context: In 2017, Morgan Creek announced plans to reboot their classic films from 1980s and 1990s as either television series or movies, following the success of "The Exorcist" television series. Several films in the early stages of development include film series "Young Guns, Major League," and "Ace Ventura."

Question: 映画『メジャーリーグ』シリーズに出演した日本のコメディアンは誰ですか？


Engadget

Context: Engadget ( ) is a multilingual technology blog network with daily coverage of gadgets and consumer electronics. "Engadget" manages ten blogs four of which are written in English and six have international versions with independent editorial staff. "Engadget" has ranked among the top five in the "Technorati top 100" and was noted in "Time" for being one of the best blogs of 2010. Yahoo has operated it since September 2021.

Question: Engadgetの創始者は誰


Engadget

Context: Launched in March 2004, "Engadget" is updated multiple times a day with articles on gadgets and consumer electronics. It also posts rumors about the technological world, frequently offers opinion within its stories, and produces the weekly Engadget Podcast that covers tech and gadget news stories that happened during the week.

Question: Engadgetの創始者は誰


Engadget

Context: Overnight, on July 15, 2013, Tim Stevens stepped down as the editor-in-chief, placing "gdgts"' Marc Perton as the interim executive editor. In November 2013, a major redesign was launched that merged "gdgt"s' features into "Engadget", such as the database of devices and aggregated reviews. The changes aimed to turn "Engadget" into a more extensive consumer electronics resource, similarly to "CNET" and "Consumer Reports", aimed towards "the early adopter in all of us".

Question: Engadgetの創始者は誰


Engadget

Context: As of April 2014, Michael Gorman was the editor-in-chief, alongside Christopher Trout as executive editor.

Question: Engadgetの創始者は誰


Engadget

Context: On December 2, 2015, "Engadget" introduced another redesign, as well as a new editorial direction with a focus on broader topics influenced by technology; Gorman explained that "the core "Engadget" audience—people who are very much involved in the industry—pay attention to it closely, but the new editorial direction is really meant to make it approachable for folks outside of that realm."

Question: Engadgetの創始者は誰


Engadget

Context: In early 2011, eight of the most prominent editorials and technology staff members left AOL to build a new gadget site with the CEO Jim Bankoff at "SB Nation". On leaving, Joshua Topolsky, former editor-in-chief, is quoted having said, "We have been working on blogging, technology that was developed in 2003, we haven't made a hire since I started running the site, and I thought we could be more successful elsewhere".

Question: Engadgetの創始者は誰


Kenting National Park

Context: The park covers about of land, of sea, weighing in at combined. Nan Wan and Banana Bay (香蕉灣) is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, the Taiwan Strait, and the Luzon Strait. The park is away from Kaohsiung, away from Tainan.

Question: 墾丁国家公園にいる哺乳類の種類の数は？


Kenting National Park

Context: Kenting is known for its tropical climate with warm to hot weather year-round. Along with the rest of Pingtung, the climate is geographically classified as a tropical monsoon climate.

Question: 墾丁国家公園にいる哺乳類の種類の数は？


Death of Adolf Hitler

Context: The news of Hitler's death was announced to Germany on 1 May 1945, the day after its occurrence. For political reasons, the Soviet Union presented various conspiracy theories about Hitler's death. They maintained in the years immediately following the war that he was not dead, but had fled and was being shielded by the former Western Allies.

Question: アドルフ・ヒットラーはどのように亡くなりましたか？


Death of Adolf Hitler

Context: On 29 December 1949, a secret dossier on Hitler was presented to Stalin, which was based upon the interrogation of Nazis who had been present in the , including Günsche and Linge. Western historians were allowed into the archives of the former Soviet Union beginning in 1991, but the dossier remained undiscovered for twelve years; in 2005, it was published as "The Hitler Book".

Question: アドルフ・ヒットラーはどのように亡くなりましたか？


Death of Adolf Hitler

Context: After Hitler's death and the subsequent end of World War II in Europe, Germany was divided into four zones by the victorious Allies, who occupied the country. This led to the start of the Cold War between the Western Bloc, supported by the US, and the Eastern Bloc, supported by the Soviet Union. The divide was for a time physically represented by the Berlin Wall, and was eventually followed by Germany's reunification in 1990 and the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1991.

Question: アドルフ・ヒットラーはどのように亡くなりましたか？


Cy Young Award

Context: The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB), one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league.

Question: MLBで初めてサイヤング賞を受賞したのは誰？


Cy Young Award

Context: In 1974, Mike Marshall became the first relief pitcher to win the award. In 1992, Dennis Eckersley was the first modern closer (first player to be used almost exclusively in ninth-inning situations) to win the award, and since then only one other relief pitcher has won the award, Éric Gagné in 2003 (also a closer). A total of nine relief pitchers have won the Cy Young Award across both leagues.

Question: MLBで初めてサイヤング賞を受賞したのは誰？


Cy Young Award

Context: Steve Carlton in 1982 became the first pitcher to win more than three Cy Young Awards, while Greg Maddux in 1994 became the first to win at least three in a row (and received a fourth straight the following year), a feat later repeated by Randy Johnson.

Question: MLBで初めてサイヤング賞を受賞したのは誰？


Cy Young Award

Context: Only three teams have never had a pitcher win the Cy Young Award. The Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have won more than any other team with 12.

Question: MLBで初めてサイヤング賞を受賞したのは誰？


Cy Young Award

Context: Six of these unanimous wins were accompanied with a win of the Most Valuable Player award (marked with * below; ** denotes that the player's unanimous win was accompanied with a unanimous win of the MVP).

Question: MLBで初めてサイヤング賞を受賞したのは誰？


Cy Young Award

Context: In the American League, seven players have unanimously won the Cy Young Award, for a total of 10 wins.

Question: MLBで初めてサイヤング賞を受賞したのは誰？


Kim Dong-in

Context: In 1939, still poor and now ill, Kim joined Park Yong-hui, Lim Hak-su and others in a visit to Manchuria that was sponsored by the North Chinese Imperial Army. This was clearly an act of collaboration and is regarded, even today in Korea, as a stain on his literary career. In 1942, however, Kim was jailed on charges of lese-majesty against the Emperor of Japan.

Question: 朝鮮文学 の先駆者は誰


Kim Dong-in

Context: In 1946, after Korean liberation, Kim was critical in forming the Pan-Korea Writers Association which countered other organizations promoting proletarian literature.

Question: 朝鮮文学 の先駆者は誰


Kim Dong-in

Context: In the years that followed, Kim published stories, including "The Traitor” ("Banyeokja", 1946) and “Man Without a Nation” ("Manggugingi", 1947). These works, ironically, provided a sharp critique of Lee Gwang-su and other writers who collaborated with the Japanese during the occupation. On January 5, 1951, Kim died at his home in Seoul.

Question: 朝鮮文学 の先駆者は誰


Kim Dong-in

Context: In 1955, the magazine "World of Thoughts" ("Sasanggye") created the Dong-in Literary Award to commemorate Kim's literary achievements.

Question: 朝鮮文学 の先駆者は誰


History of weapons

Context: People have used weapons in warfare, hunting, self-defense, law enforcement, and criminal activity. Weapons also serve many other purposes in society including use in sports, collections for display, and historical displays and demonstrations. As technology has developed throughout history, weapons have changed with it.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: Major innovations in the history of weapons have included the adoption of different materials – from stone and wood to different metals, and modern synthetic materials such as plastics – and the developments of different weapon styles either to fit the terrain or to support or counteract different battlefield tactics and defensive equipment.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The use of weapons is a major driver of cultural evolution and human history up to today, since weapons are a type of tool which is used to dominate and subdue autonomous agents such as animals and by that allow for an expansion of the cultural niche, while simultaneously other weapon users (i.e., agents such as humans, groups, cultures) are able to adapt to weapons of enemies by learning, triggering a continuous process of competitive technological, skill and cognitive improvement (arms race).

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: There is as yet no direct evidence for bows during the African Pleistocene, and the hypothesis that very early, stone points were used to tip darts or arrows remains unsupported by use-trace studies and contextual evidence. Some hypothesised concomitants, such as the use of bow drills, also remain elusive.<ref name="publication/256678582_Indications_of_Bow_and_Stone-Tipped_Arrow_Use_64000_Years_Ago_in_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Africa"></ref>

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: Bows and arrows had arrived in Europe by the Late Paleolithic period, around 9,000–11,000 BCE, and seem to have arrived in the Americas by at least 6,000 BCE.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: People from the Nile used relatively long bows for better accuracy, they also used composite bows. Civilizations all over the world produced bows according to their respective vegetation. The Chinese made bows from bamboo sticks while others who did not have the right kind of wood needed for making bows, produced composite bows. According to Chinese beliefs and mythology, a story is narrated and written in old Chinese texts which says how bow and arrow were invented.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: As humans discovered new natural resources beneath the Earth's surface, traditional weapons were replaced as methods for metal-working developed.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: After the discovery of pure copper in Anatolia, around 6000 BCE, copper metallurgy spread in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Around 3500 BCE the art of metallurgy spread into India, China and Europe.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The earliest civilizations in southern Mesopotamia, modern day Iraq, were the Sumerians and Akkadians. The occupied land was open to enemy attacks from the many barbarian tribes. The Sumerian warrior was equipped with spears, maces, swords, clubs and slings. Sargon of Akkad, (2333–2279 BCE) was a great military leader and used both infantry and chariots. The chariot troops used both spears and bows and arrows which proved to be effective.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: Before the Hyksos invasion, the Egyptians did not have a cavalry because, it is believed, their small horses were not strong enough to support a rider. It was from the Hyksos charioteers that the use of horses in warfare was introduced to Egyptian culture. When, after a civil war with the Hyksos rulers, the Egyptians came to power once again, they continued to use horse-drawn chariots in their armies.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: Chariots, a mode of transportation, were used as a weapon by ancient peoples. The Hittites used chariots to crash into enemies, whereas the Egyptians used them to stay away from enemies and attack them by arrows and spears.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The victories in the Greco-Persian war at Salamis and Plataea largely ended the Persian threat to the Greek mainland. With the outbreak of the Peloponnesian war, inter-Greek warfare became more significant. The year 424 saw Brasidas' expeditions across the whole of Greece, proving wrong the idea suggested by the Old Oligarch that land forces could not sustain lengthy campaigns against sea powers.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The Romans also developed an automatic repeating catapult called the scorpion. This was smaller than other catapults but had more moving parts. The rope coils were often made of twisted bovine sinews, horsehair or women's hair. The kinetic power delivered by a catapult was dependent on the diameter of these coils, making the coil diameter the dimensional standard for power rating. This would be similar to how the caliber system is used in modern firearms.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: Flavius Aetius forged an alliance with the Visigoths, Alans and the Vandals and provided them with Roman arms and armour to fight against their common enemy, the Huns. His barbarian filled forces defeated the Huns in 410, the visigoths sacked Rome under the leadership of Alaric I.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: After the defeat of Western Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine empire held on. The barbarian kingdoms had already set up their kingdoms in place, they started the process of recruiting and the advancement of soldiers. A warrior was highly respected according to the barbarian tradition, a brave warrior was often rewarded by allotting land, titles and other benefits, and these land owners later became medieval nobles.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: In around 672, an incendiary substance known as Greek Fire was invented. Greek fire was sprayed from early flamethrowers on ships known as dromons. Researchers have been unable to duplicate this substance today, ships were set alight by the Greek fire and it had the capability to kill large number of warriors inside the ship with one shot.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: Some of the early devices used by the Byzantines were torsion powered engines used to shoot arrows with greater intensity. The Byzantine military engineers were learning and developing more sophisticated siege weapons, and by the 10th century they had adopted engineering techniques used by the Muslims.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The Islamic world had already advanced way ahead of others in military engineering which, according to historians, was due to trade relations with China. The Islamic world had learned that the Chinese technology, was known to be superior to that of the Greeks or the Romans. Arab army generals were encouraging the use of new technology and inherited a highly sophisticated tradition of siege warfare.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: Chinese people had witnessed conflicts and constant warfare all across China. Fifty years after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, China witnessed five successive dynasties in the north along with a dozen small nations in the south in a short timespan. The quick rise and fall of these countries and the fragmented nature is a result of the rise of warlords towards the later half of the Tang dynasty.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The Norman knights that invaded England, and defeated the Saxons at Hastings in 1066, dressed in chainmail and swinging swords from horseback, made history. William the Conqueror had successfully landed with his army of Normans consisting of an infantry composed of spearmen, swordsmen, and archers in Britain to claim his authority over the throne of England, Norman cavalry was well equipped with maces, axes, swords and boiled leather armours.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The Hundred Years' War was a series of big and small wars fought between France and England from 1337 to 1453. In the year 1337, the French King Philip VI demanded that the provinces under the English rule, Gascony and Guyenne be given back to the French. However, English king, Edward III denied this demand which led to a war between the two. The English had their eyes on the wool industry in Flanders, moreover they had a stable government and efficient soldiers ready to fight the French.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The basic objective of a cavalry knight was to charge into enemy lines and create chaos. At this time, the old shields and armours were replaced by more sophisticated and advanced shields and armour. Lances were used by the mounted knights for initial charge, after the initial charge and annihilation of the enemy front lines, the lances were discarded and swords, axes or war hammer were used for close combat.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: China was the first place where cannons were used for battle. Metal cannons were manufactured and mounted on the Great Wall of China to protect it from the Mongolian hordes, the Mongols learned this technology and made cannons to invade Korea. In 1593 cannons were used most effectively in the Siege of Pyongyang, Ming warriors made cannons to fight the Japanese, the battle was won by the Ming warriors because the Japanese lacked cannons or any sort of gunpowder weapons.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: During the siege of Constantinople in 1453, Mehmed the Conqueror, sultan of Turkey, ordered his Hungarian engineer, Urban to develop the biggest guns ever seen. Once these huge guns, cannons or bombards were in position, the walls of Constantinople came tumbling down. The introduction of such bombards had a profound effect on the European society, engineers started to design their walls keeping in mind the danger the walls could have when facing the newly introduced bombards.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The use of the bayonet, beginning in the 17th century, allowed soldiers to use muskets as pikes in close combat. The flintlock, invented slightly earlier, made firearms more reliable. Cartridges were also invented around this time, and made existing firearms easier to load.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: Submarine technology gradually advanced during the 17th and 18th centuries. Early submarines were mounted with spars and powered by hand cranks. By the mid-19th century, self-propelled torpedoes started to be used. They were largely ineffective until the end of the 19th century, when electricity and internal combustion engines could make them more powerful.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore's based in South India, Tipu Sultan pioneered a number of advanced weapons, including the rocket artillery and the Mysorean rockets, which were later used by Napoleone Bonaparte and the British Empire.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: This century saw a large increase in weapons innovation, but also their ability to adversely affect the entire planet.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: Chemical weapons were first used on a large scale on the battlefield in World War I, starting from 1914, despite existing international conventions that prohibited the use of such weapons.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The first weapon designed to be guided to target is the German Fritz-X anti-ship bomb. Ever since, more and more armed forces adopted weapons that are guided by electronics, human assistance or inertial guidance for wide range of purposes, including UCAVs.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The first weapon confirmed to reach outer space were the German V-2 rockets in 1944, which were also among the first long-range ballistic missiles. V-2 rockets also led to the Space Race and eventually the Apollo 11 moon landing.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The first atomic bombs were tested and used in warfare in 1945. No nuclear weapons have been used in warfare since, due to the added risk of Nuclear holocaust. They remain the most powerful man-made weapons ever built.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The first weapons designed to attack targets in space were developed by both the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War, particularly with their respective anti-satellite missiles.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: This century saw increased use of guided weapons, to reduce the risk of soldier fatalities and to increase effectiveness.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


History of weapons

Context: The first practical laser weapon, called the Laser Weapon System, was built by the United States Navy and installed on the USS Ponce. It is designed to destroy fast and small targets such as simple incoming missiles, primitive fast attack craft and drones at very short distance.

Question: 世界で最古の兵器とはなんですか？


XY sex-determination system

Context: The XY sex-determination system is a sex-determination system used to classify many mammals, including humans, some insects ("Drosophila"), some snakes, some fish (guppies), and some plants ("Ginkgo" tree). In this system, the sex of an individual is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes. Females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (XX), and are called the homogametic sex. Males have two different kinds of sex chromosomes (XY), and are called the heterogametic sex.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: In humans, the presence of the Y chromosome is responsible for triggering male development; in the absence of the Y chromosome, the fetus will undergo female development. In most species with XY sex determination, an organism must have at least one X chromosome in order to survive.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: In most mammals, sex is determined by presence of the Y chromosome. This makes individuals with XXY and XYY karyotypes males, and individuals with X and XXX karyotypes females.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: In the 1930s, Alfred Jost determined that the presence of testosterone was required for Wolffian duct development in the male rabbit.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: SRY is a sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome in the therians (placental mammals and marsupials). Non-human mammals use several genes on the Y chromosome.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Not all male-specific genes are located on the Y chromosome. Platypus, a monotreme, use five pairs of different XY chromosomes with six groups of male-linked genes, AMH being the master switch.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: A single gene ("SRY") present on the Y chromosome acts as a signal to set the developmental pathway towards maleness. Presence of this gene starts off the process of virilization. This and other factors result in the sex differences in humans. The cells in females, with two X chromosomes, undergo X-inactivation, in which one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated. The inactivated X chromosome remains within a cell as a Barr body.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Some species of turtles have convergently evolved XY sex determination systems, specifically those in Chelidae and Staurotypinae.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Other species (including most "Drosophila" species) use the presence of two X chromosomes to determine femaleness: one X chromosome gives putative maleness, but the presence of Y chromosome genes is required for normal male development. In the fruit fly individuals with XY are male and individuals with XX are female; however, individuals with XXY or XXX can also be female, and individuals with X can be males.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Very few dioecious angiosperm species have XY sex determination, such as the "Silene latifolia." In these species sex determination is similar to mammals where male is XY and female is XX.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Birds and many insects have a similar system of sex determination ("ZW sex-determination system"), in which it is the females that are heterogametic (ZW), while males are homogametic (ZZ).

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Many insects of the order Hymenoptera instead have a "haplo-diploid" system, where the males are haploid (having just one chromosome of each type) while the females are diploid (with chromosomes appearing in pairs). Some other insects have the "X0 sex-determination system", where just one chromosome type appears in pairs for the female but alone in the males, while all other chromosomes appear in pairs in both sexes.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: In an interview for the "Rediscovering Biology" website, researcher Eric Vilain described how the paradigm changed since the discovery of the SRY gene:

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: In a 2007 interview on Scientific American Eric Vilian when he was asked "It sounds as if you are describing a shift from the prevailing view that female development is a default molecular pathway to active pro-male and antimale pathways. Are there also pro-female and antifemale pathways?" He responded with

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Looking into the genetic determinants of human sex can have wide-ranging consequences. Scientists have been studying different sex determination systems in fruit flies and animal models to attempt an understanding of how the genetics of sexual differentiation can influence biological processes like reproduction, ageing and disease.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: In humans and many other species of animals, the father determines the sex of the child. In the XY sex-determination system, the female-provided ovum contributes an X chromosome and the male-provided sperm contributes either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome, resulting in female (XX) or male (XY) offspring, respectively.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Hormone levels in the male parent affect the sex ratio of sperm in humans. Maternal influences also impact which sperm are more likely to achieve conception.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Human ova, like those of other mammals, are covered with a thick translucent layer called the zona pellucida, which the sperm must penetrate to fertilize the egg. Once viewed simply as an impediment to fertilization, recent research indicates the zona pellucida may instead function as a sophisticated biological security system that chemically controls the entry of the sperm into the egg and protects the fertilized egg from additional sperm.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Recent research indicates that human ova may produce a chemical which appears to attract sperm and influence their swimming motion. However, not all sperm are positively impacted; some appear to remain uninfluenced and some actually move away from the egg.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Maternal influences may also be possible that affect sex determination in such a way as to produce fraternal twins equally weighted between one male and one female.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: The time at which insemination occurs during the estrus cycle has been found to affect the sex ratio of the offspring of humans, cattle, hamsters, and other mammals. Hormonal and pH conditions within the female reproductive tract vary with time, and this affects the sex ratio of the sperm that reach the egg.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Aristotle believed incorrectly that the sex of an infant is determined by how much heat a man's sperm had during insemination. He wrote:

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Aristotle claimed in error that the male principle was the driver behind sex determination, such that if the male principle was insufficiently expressed during reproduction, the fetus would develop as a female.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: Nettie Stevens (working with beetles) and Edmund Beecher Wilson (working with hemiptera) are credited with independently discovering, in 1905, the chromosomal XY sex-determination system in insects: the fact that males have XY sex chromosomes and females have XX sex chromosomes. In the early 1920s, Theophilus Painter demonstrated that sex in humans (and other mammals) was also determined by the X and Y chromosomes, and the chromosomes that make this determination are carried by the spermatozoa.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: The first clues to the existence of a factor that determines the development of testis in mammals came from experiments carried out by Alfred Jost, who castrated embryonic rabbits in utero and noticed that they all developed as female.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: In 1959, C. E. Ford and his team, in the wake of Jost's experiments, discovered that the Y chromosome was needed for a fetus to develop as male when they examined patients with Turner's syndrome, who grew up as phenotypic females, and found them to be X0 (hemizygous for X and no Y). At the same time, Jacob & Strong described a case of a patient with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), which implicated the presence of a Y chromosome in development of maleness.

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


XY sex-determination system

Context: All these observations lead to a consensus that a dominant gene that determines testis development (TDF) must exist on the human Y chromosome. The search for this testis-determining factor (TDF) led a team of scientists in 1990 to discover a region of the Y chromosome that is necessary for the male sex determination, which was named SRY (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome).

Question: 人間の性別を決定するのは何番目の染色体？


Yonatan Netanyahu

Context: In 1967 he considered college, but the constant threat of war made him stay in Israel: "This is my country and my homeland. It is here that I belong," he wrote. On June 5, 1967, during the Six-Day War, his battalion fought the battle of Um Katef in Sinai, then reinforced the Golan Heights battle. During the Golan Heights battle, he was wounded while helping rescue a fellow soldier who lay wounded deep behind enemy lines. He was decorated for valor after that war.

Question: エンテベ空港奇襲作戦を指揮したのは誰


Yonatan Netanyahu

Context: After being wounded, he returned to the U.S. to study at Harvard. But after a year he felt the need to return to Israel to rejoin the army. "At this time," he wrote in a letter, "I should be defending my country. Harvard is a luxury I cannot afford." He next returned to Harvard in the summer of 1973, but again gave up academic life for Israel's military.

Question: エンテベ空港奇襲作戦を指揮したのは誰


Yonatan Netanyahu

Context: There are memorial trees that have been planted in his honor in front of his graduating high school, Cheltenham High School, and a memorial plaque is located in the lobby.

Question: エンテベ空港奇襲作戦を指揮したのは誰


Yonatan Netanyahu

Context: "In another week I'll be 23. On me, on us, the young men of Israel, rests the duty of keeping our country safe. This is a heavy responsibility, which matures us early... I do not regret what I have done and what I'm about to do. I'm convinced that what I am doing is right. I believe in myself, in my country and in my future"

Question: エンテベ空港奇襲作戦を指揮したのは誰


Yonatan Netanyahu

Context: "I have no real girl friend at the moment. My last romance is over, and as I don't have time to run around anyway, it looks as if I'll remain on my own for the time being. . . On the whole, I've nothing to complain of. I'm up to my neck in my army work, and during leaves I move about a lot in our lovely land.

Question: エンテベ空港奇襲作戦を指揮したのは誰


Yonatan Netanyahu

Context: The two conferences organized by the Jonathan Institute, were held in Jerusalem in July 1979 and in Washington, D.C. in June 1984. Both were attended by government officials, and attracted significant press coverage.

Question: エンテベ空港奇襲作戦を指揮したのは誰


Mark C. Honeywell

Context: Honeywell spent his childhood growing up in Wabash, Indiana and Florida. He held various jobs in his younger years, including working in the citrus and bicycle businesses, and in his father's Wabash mill. He graduated from Eastman Business College in Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1891.

Question: ハネウェルの創始者は誰？


Mark C. Honeywell

Context: Honeywell developed a hot water home heating system, and by 1905, had installed the system in his house. It was thought to be the first such system in North America. The idea of hot water heating came from England. Radiators first came from England, and molds were made from them in Wabash. His business, M.C. Honeywell Heating and Sanitary Work, became Honeywell Heating Specialties Company. By 1906, the company was making thermostats and automatic controls for heating systems.

Question: ハネウェルの創始者は誰？


Mark C. Honeywell

Context: By 1927, annual company sales were more than $1.5 million, and 450 people worked in the Wabash factory. Honeywell's main competitor was W.R. Sweatt and his Minneapolis Heat Regulator Company. The two companies had patents which blocked each other from further growth. They merged to form the Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company, with Sweatt as Chairman and Honeywell as President.

Question: ハネウェルの創始者は誰？


Broadway theatre

Context: Broadway theatre, or Broadway, are the theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres, each with 500 or more seats, located in the Theater District and the Lincoln Center along Broadway, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Broadway and London's West End together represent the highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world.

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Broadway theatre

Context: The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City. According to The Broadway League, for the 2018–2019 season (which ended May 26, 2019) total attendance was 14,768,254 and Broadway shows had US$1,829,312,140 in grosses, with attendance up 9.5%, grosses up 10.3%, and playing weeks up 9.3%.

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Broadway theatre

Context: Most Broadway shows are musicals. Historian Martin Shefter argues that "'Broadway musicals', culminating in the productions of Rodgers and Hammerstein, became enormously influential forms of American popular culture" and contributed to making New York City the cultural capital of the world."

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Broadway theatre

Context: The first theatre piece that conforms to the modern conception of a musical, adding dance and original music that helped to tell the story, is considered to be "The Black Crook", which premiered in New York on September 12, 1866. The production was five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, "The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post" was the first show to call itself a "musical comedy".

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Broadway theatre

Context: A few very successful British musicals continued to achieve great success in New York, including "Florodora" in 1900–01.

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Broadway theatre

Context: In the early years of 20th century, translations of popular late-19th century continental operettas were joined by the "Princess Theatre" shows of the 1910s, by writers such as P. G. Wodehouse, Guy Bolton, and Harry B. Smith. Victor Herbert, whose work included some intimate musical plays with modern settings as well as his string of famous operettas ("The Fortune Teller" (1898), "Babes in Toyland" (1903), "Mlle. Modiste" (1905), "The Red Mill" (1906), and "Naughty Marietta" (1910)).

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Broadway theatre

Context: During this time, the play "Lightnin by Winchell Smith and Frank Bacon became the first Broadway show to reach 700 performances. From then, it would go on to become the first show to reach 1,000 performances. "Lightnin was the longest-running Broadway show until being overtaken in performance totals by "Abie's Irish Rose" in 1925.

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Broadway theatre

Context: As World War II approached, a dozen Broadway dramas addressed the rise of Nazism in Europe and the issue of American non-intervention. The most successful was Lillian Hellman's "Watch on the Rhine", which opened in April 1941.

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Broadway theatre

Context: After the lean years of the Great Depression, Broadway theatre had entered a golden age with the blockbuster hit "Oklahoma!", in 1943, which ran for 2,212 performances. According to John Kenrick's writings on Broadway musicals, "Every season saw new stage musicals send songs to the top of the charts. Public demand, a booming economy and abundant creative talent kept Broadway hopping. To this day, the shows of the 1950s form the core of the musical theatre repertory."

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Broadway theatre

Context: Kenrick notes that "the late 1960s marked a time of cultural upheaval. All those changes would prove painful for many, including those behind the scenes, as well as those in the audience." Of the 1970s, Kenrick writes: "Just when it seemed that traditional book musicals were back in style, the decade ended with critics and audiences giving mixed signals."

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Broadway theatre

Context: Ken Bloom observed that "The 1960s and 1970s saw a worsening of the area [Times Square] and a drop in the number of legitimate shows produced on Broadway." By way of comparison, in the 1950 to 1951 season (May to May) 94 productions opened on Broadway; in the 1969 to 1970 season (June to May) there were 59 productions (fifteen were revivals). In the twenties, there were 70–80 theaters, but by 1969, there were 36 left.

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Broadway theatre

Context: In early 1982, Joe Papp, the theatrical producer and director who established The Public Theater, led the "Save the Theatres" campaign. It was a not-for-profit group supported by the Actors Equity union to save the theater buildings in the neighborhood from demolition by monied Manhattan development interests. Papp provided resources, recruited a publicist and celebrated actors, and provided audio, lighting, and technical crews for the effort.

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