Jerusalem

Context: Most of the air pollution in Jerusalem comes from vehicular traffic. Many main streets in Jerusalem were not built to accommodate such a large volume of traffic, leading to traffic congestion and more carbon monoxide released into the air. Industrial pollution inside the city is sparse, but emissions from factories on the Israeli Mediterranean coast can travel eastward and settle over the city.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem's population size and composition has shifted many times over its 5,000-year history. Since medieval times, the Old City of Jerusalem has been divided into Jewish, Muslim, Christian, and Armenian quarters.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Most population data before 1905 is based on estimates, often from foreign travellers or organisations, since previous census data usually covered wider areas such as the Jerusalem District. These estimates suggest that since the end of the Crusades, Muslims formed the largest group in Jerusalem until the mid-nineteenth century.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Between 1838 and 1876, a number of estimates exist which conflict as to whether Jews or Muslims were the largest group during this period, and between 1882 and 1922 estimates conflict as to exactly when Jews became an absolute majority of the population.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Demographics and the Jewish-Arab population divide play a major role in the dispute over Jerusalem. In 1998, the Jerusalem Development Authority proposed expanding city limits to the west to include more areas heavily populated with Jews.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem had a population of 804,400 in 2011, of which Jews comprised 499,400 (62.1%), Muslims 281,100 (34.9%), Christians 14,700 (1.8%), and 9,000 (1.1%) were not classified by religion.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem had a population of 882,700 in 2016, of which Jews comprised 536,600 (60.8%), Muslims 319,800 (36.2%), Christians 15,800 (1.8%), and 10,300 unclassified (1.2%).

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: According to Peace Now, approvals for building in Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem have expanded by 60% since Trump became U.S. president in 2017. Since 1991, Palestinians who make up the majority of the residents in the area have only received 30% of the building permits.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem has been sacred to Judaism for roughly 3000 years, to Christianity for around 2000 years, and to Islam for approximately 1400 years. The 2000 Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem lists 1204 synagogues, 158 churches, and 73 mosques within the city. Despite efforts to maintain peaceful religious coexistence, some sites, such as the Temple Mount, have been a continuous source of friction and controversy.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Historically, Jerusalem's economy was supported almost exclusively by religious pilgrims, as it was far from the major ports of Jaffa and Gaza. Jerusalem's religious and cultural landmarks today remain the top draw for foreign visitors, with the majority of tourists visiting the Western Wall and the Old City, In 2010, Jerusalem was named the top leisure travel city in Africa and the Middle East by "Travel + Leisure magazine".

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem has traditionally had a low-rise skyline. About 18 tall buildings were built at different times in the downtown area when there was no clear policy over the matter. One of them, Holyland Tower 1, Jerusalem's tallest building, is a skyscraper by international standards, rising 32 stories. Holyland Tower 2, which has been approved for construction, will reach the same height.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem is served by highly developed communication infrastructures, making it a leading logistics hub for Israel.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Another work in progress is a new high-speed rail line from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, which became partially operational in 2018 and is expected to be completed in 2019. Its terminus will be a new underground station ( deep) serving the International Convention Center and the Central Bus Station, and is planned to be extended eventually to Malha station. Israel Railways operates train services to Malha train station from Tel Aviv via Beit Shemesh.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem is served by Ben Gurion Airport, some northwest of the Jerusalem, on the route to Tel Aviv. The Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway runs non-stop from Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station to the airport and began operation in 2018.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem is home to several prestigious universities offering courses in Hebrew, Arabic and English.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Other institutions of higher learning in Jerusalem are the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance and Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, whose buildings are located on the campuses of the Hebrew University.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: Jerusalem is the state broadcasting center of Israel. The Israel Broadcasting Authority's main office is located in Jerusalem, as well as the TV and radio studios for Israel Radio, Channel 2, Channel 10, and part of the radio studios of BBC News. The Jerusalem Post and The Times of Israel are also headquartered in Jerusalem. Local newspapers include Kol Ha'Ir and The Jerusalem Times. God TV, an international Christian television network is also based in the city.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: In basketball, Hapoel Jerusalem is one of the top teams in the top division. The club has won Israel's championship in 2015, the State Cup four times, and the ULEB Cup in 2004.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: The Jerusalem Marathon, established in 2011, is an international marathon race held annually in Jerusalem in the month of March. The full 42-kilometer race begins at the Knesset, passes through Mount Scopus and the Old City's Armenian Quarter, and concludes at Sacher Park. In 2012, the Jerusalem Marathon drew 15,000 runners, including 1,500 from fifty countries outside Israel.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Jerusalem

Context: A popular non-competitive sports event is the Jerusalem March, held annually during the Sukkot festival.

Question: জেরুসালেম শহরটির বর্তমান জনসংখ্যা কত ?


Globalization

Context: Since its inception, the concept of globalization has inspired competing definitions and interpretations. Its antecedents date back to the great movements of trade and empire across Asia and the Indian Ocean from the 15th century onward.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Due to the complexity of the concept, various research projects, articles, and discussions often stay focused on a single aspect of globalization.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: In 1848, Karl Marx noticed the increasing level of national inter-dependence brought on by capitalism, and predicted the universal character of the modern world society. He states:

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Held and his co-writers' definition of globalization in that same book as "transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions—assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact—generating transcontinental or inter-regional flows" was called "probably the most widely-cited definition" in the 2014 DHL Global Connectiveness Index.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Swedish journalist Thomas Larsson, in his book "The Race to the Top: The Real Story of Globalization", states that globalization:

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Globalization is the extension of social relations across world-space, defining that world-space in terms of the historically variable ways that it has been practiced and socially understood through changing world-time.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Manfred Steger, professor of global studies and research leader in the Global Cities Institute at RMIT University, identifies four main empirical dimensions of globalization: economic, political, cultural, and ecological. A fifth dimension—the ideological—cutting across the other four. The ideological dimension, according to Steger, is filled with a range of norms, claims, beliefs, and narratives about the phenomenon itself.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: The journalist Thomas L. Friedman popularized the term " flat world", arguing that globalized trade, outsourcing, supply-chaining, and political forces had permanently changed the world, for better and worse. He asserted that the pace of globalization was quickening and that its impact on business organization and practice would continue to grow.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Lechner and Boli (2012) define globalization as more people across large distances becoming connected in more and different ways.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: "Globophobia" is used to refer to the fear of globalization, though it can also mean the fear of balloons.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: There are both distal and proximate causes which can be traced in the historical factors affecting globalization. Large-scale globalization began in the 19th century.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Archaic globalization conventionally refers to a phase in the history of globalization including globalizing events and developments from the time of the earliest civilizations until roughly the 1600s. This term is used to describe the relationships between communities and states and how they were created by the geographical spread of ideas and social norms at both local and regional levels.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Also posited is a "multi-polar" nature to archaic globalization, which involved the active participation of non-Europeans. Because it predated the Great Divergence in the nineteenth century, where Western Europe pulled ahead of the rest of the world in terms of industrial production and economic output, archaic globalization was a phenomenon that was driven not only by Europe but also by other economically developed Old World centers such as Gujarat, Bengal, coastal China, and Japan.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: According to economic historians Kevin H. O'Rourke, Leandro Prados de la Escosura, and Guillaume Daudin, several factors promoted globalization in the period 1815–1870:

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Since the 1970s, aviation has become increasingly affordable to middle classes in developed countries. Open skies policies and low-cost carriers have helped to bring competition to the market. In the 1990s, the growth of low-cost communication networks cut the cost of communicating between countries. More work can be performed using a computer without regard to location. This included accounting, software development, and engineering design.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Student exchange programs became popular after World War II, and are intended to increase the participants' understanding and tolerance of other cultures, as well as improving their language skills and broadening their social horizons. Between 1963 and 2006 the number of students studying in a foreign country increased 9 times.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Current globalization trends can be largely accounted for by developed economies integrating with less developed economies by means of foreign direct investment, the reduction of trade barriers as well as other economic reforms, and, in many cases, immigration.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: International standards have made trade in goods and services more efficient. An example of such standard is the intermodal container. Containerization dramatically reduced the costs of transportation, supported the post-war boom in international trade, and was a major element in globalization. International standards are set by the International Organization for Standardization, which is composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: A multinational corporation, or worldwide enterprise, is an organization that owns or controls the production of goods or services in one or more countries other than their home country. It can also be referred to as an international corporation, a transnational corporation, or a stateless corporation.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: A free-trade area is the region encompassing a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free-trade agreement (FTA). Such agreements involve cooperation between at least two countries to reduce trade barriers import quotas and tariffs and to increase trade of goods and services with each other.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: If people are also free to move between the countries, in addition to a free-trade agreement, it would also be considered an open border.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Arguably the most significant free-trade area in the world is the European Union, a politico-economic union of member states that are primarily located in Europe. The EU has developed European Single Market through a standardized system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market,

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Trade facilitation looks at how procedures and controls governing the movement of goods across national borders can be improved to reduce associated cost burdens and maximize efficiency while safeguarding legitimate regulatory objectives.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Global trade in services is also significant. For example, in India, business process outsourcing has been described as the "primary engine of the country's development over the next few decades, contributing broadly to GDP growth, employment growth, and poverty alleviation".

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Cross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavour to communicate across cultures. Intercultural communication is a related field of study.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages etc.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Religions were among the earliest cultural elements to globalize, being spread by force, migration, evangelists, imperialists, and traders. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and more recently sects such as Mormonism are among those religions which have taken root and influenced endemic cultures in places far from their origins.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Globalization has strongly influenced sports. For example, the modern Olympic Games has athletes from more than 200 nations participating in a variety of competitions. The FIFA World Cup is the most widely viewed and followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games; a ninth of the entire population of the planet watched the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Some critics of globalization argue that it harms the diversity of cultures. As a dominating country's culture is introduced into a receiving country through globalization, it can become a threat to the diversity of local culture. Some argue that globalization may ultimately lead to Westernization or Americanization of culture, where the dominating cultural concepts of economically and politically powerful Western countries spread and cause harm to local cultures.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Globalization is a diverse phenomenon that relates to a multilateral political world and to the increase of cultural objects and markets between countries. The Indian experience particularly reveals the plurality of the impact of cultural globalization.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Transculturalism is defined as "seeing oneself in the other". Transcultural is in turn described as "extending through all human cultures" or "involving, encompassing, or combining elements of more than one culture".

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: William R. Thompson has defined it as "the expansion of a global political system, and its institutions, in which inter-regional transactions (including, but certainly not limited to trade) are managed".

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Political globalization is one of the three main dimensions of globalization commonly found in academic literature, with the two other being economic globalization and cultural globalization.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Intergovernmentalism is a term in political science with two meanings. The first refers to a theory of regional integration originally proposed by Stanley Hoffmann; the second treats states and the national government as the primary factors for integration.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Multi-level governance is an approach in political science and public administration theory that originated from studies on European integration. Multi-level governance gives expression to the idea that there are many interacting authority structures at work in the emergent global political economy. It illuminates the intimate entanglement between the domestic and international levels of authority.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Some people are citizens of multiple nation-states. Multiple citizenship, also called dual citizenship or multiple nationality or dual nationality, is a person's citizenship status, in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: As a response to globalization, some countries have embraced isolationist policies. For example, the North Korean government makes it very difficult for foreigners to enter the country and strictly monitors their activities when they do. Aid workers are subject to considerable scrutiny and excluded from places and regions the government does not wish them to enter. Citizens cannot freely leave the country.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Tourism is travel for pleasure. The developments in technology and transportation infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low-cost airlines, and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism more affordable. At any given moment half a million people are in the air. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Immigration is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take-up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: A transnational marriage is a marriage between two people from different countries. A variety of special issues arise in marriages between people from different countries, including those related to citizenship and culture, which add complexity and challenges to these kinds of relationships.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: In an age of increasing globalization, where a growing number of people have ties to networks of people and places across the globe, rather than to a current geographic location, people are increasingly marrying across national boundaries. Transnational marriage is a by-product of the movement and migration of people.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: The Internet has been instrumental in connecting people across geographical boundaries. For example, Facebook is a social networking service which has more than 1.65 billion monthly active users .

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Globalization can be spread by Global journalism which provides massive information and relies on the internet to interact, "makes it into an everyday routine to investigate how people and their actions, practices, problems, life conditions, etc. in different parts of the world are interrelated. possible to assume that global threats such as climate change precipitate the further establishment of global journalism."

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: In the current era of globalization, the world is more interdependent than at any other time. Efficient and inexpensive transportation has left few places inaccessible, and increased global trade has brought more and more people into contact with animal diseases that have subsequently jumped species barriers (see zoonosis).

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: One index of globalization is the "KOF Index of Globalization", which measures three important dimensions of globalization: economic, social, and political. Another is the A.T. Kearney / Foreign Policy Magazine Globalization Index.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Measurements of economic globalization typically focus on variables such as trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), portfolio investment, and income. However, newer indices attempt to measure globalization in more general terms, including variables related to political, social, cultural, and even environmental aspects of globalization.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: The DHL Global Connectedness Index studies four main types of cross-border flow: trade (in both goods and services), information, people (including tourists, students, and migrants), and capital. It shows that the depth of global integration fell by about one-tenth after 2008, but by 2013 had recovered well above its pre-crash peak. The report also found a shift of economic activity to emerging economies.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Reactions to processes contributing to globalization have varied widely with a history as long as extraterritorial contact and trade. Philosophical differences regarding the costs and benefits of such processes give rise to a broad-range of ideologies and social movements. Proponents of economic growth, expansion and development, in general, view globalizing processes as desirable or necessary to the well-being of human society.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Antagonists view one or more globalizing processes as detrimental to social well-being on a global or local scale; this includes those who focus on social or natural sustainability of long-term and continuous economic expansion, the social structural inequality caused by these processes, and the colonial, imperialistic, or hegemonic ethnocentrism, cultural assimilation and cultural appropriation that underlie such processes.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Globalization tends to bring people into contact with foreign people and cultures. Xenophobia is the fear of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange. Xenophobia can manifest itself in many ways involving the relations and perceptions of an ingroup towards an outgroup, including a fear of losing identity, suspicion of its activities, aggression, and desire to eliminate its presence to secure a presumed purity.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: On 9 August 2019, Pope Francis denounced isolationism and hinted that the Catholic Church will embrace globalization at the October 2019 Amazonia Synod, stating "the whole is greater than the parts. Globalization and unity should not be conceived as a sphere, but as a polyhedron: each people retains its identity in unity with others"

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: A number of international polls have shown that residents of Africa and Asia tend to view globalization more favorably than residents of Europe or North America. In Africa, a Gallup poll found that 70% of the population views globalization favorably. The BBC found that 50% of people believed that economic globalization was proceeding too rapidly, while 35% believed it was proceeding too slowly.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Initially, college educated workers were likely to support globalization. Less educated workers, who were more likely to compete with immigrants and workers in developing countries, tended to be opponents. The situation changed after the financial crisis of 2007. According to a 1997 poll 58% of college graduates said globalization had been good for the US. By 2008 only 33% thought it was good. Respondents with high school education also became more opposed.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: According to Takenaka Heizo and Chida Ryokichi, there was a perception in Japan that the economy was "Small and Frail". However, Japan was resource-poor and used exports to pay for its raw materials. Anxiety over their position caused terms such as "internationalization" and "globalization" to enter everyday language. However, Japanese tradition was to be as self-sufficient as possible, particularly in agriculture.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Many in developing countries see globalization as a positive force that lifts them out of poverty. Those opposing globalization typically combine environmental concerns with nationalism. Opponents consider governments as agents of neo-colonialism that are subservient to multinational corporations. Much of this criticism comes from the middle class; the Brookings Institution suggested this was because the middle class perceived upwardly mobile low-income groups as threatening to their economic security.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: The globalization of the late 20th and early 21st centuries has led to the resurfacing of the idea that the growth of economic interdependence promotes peace. This idea had been very powerful during the globalization of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was a central doctrine of classical liberals of that era, such as the young John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946).

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Baha'i-inspired author Meyjes, while favoring the single world community and emergent global consciousness, warns of globalization as a cloak for an expeditious economic, social, and cultural Anglo-dominance that is insufficiently inclusive to inform the emergence of an optimal world civilization. He proposes a process of "universalization" as an alternative.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Canadian philosopher Marshall McLuhan popularized the term "Global Village" beginning in 1962. His view suggested that globalization would lead to a world where people from all countries will become more integrated and aware of common interests and shared humanity.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Environmental cooperation – One of the biggest successes of environmental cooperation has been the agreement to reduce chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions, as specified in the Montreal Protocol, in order to stop ozone depletion. The most recent debate around nuclear energy and the non-alternative coal-burning power plants constitutes one more consensus on what not to do. Thirdly, significant achievements in IC can be observed through development studies.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Economic cooperation – One of the biggest challenges in 2019 with globalization is that many believe the progress made in the past decades are now back tracking. The back tracking of globalization has coined the term "Slobalization." Slobalization is a new, slower pattern of globalization.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: However, they remain protected from the problems affecting the working classes: the decline of industrial activity, the resulting loss of employment, the decline of the middle class, increasing the number of the poor, the rising crime rate, growing drug trafficking, the urban crisis.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: D.A. Snow et al. contend that the anti-globalization movement is an example of a new social movement, which uses tactics that are unique and use different resources than previously used before in other social movements.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Corporatist ideology, which privileges the rights of corporations (artificial or juridical persons) over those of natural persons, is an underlying factor in the recent rapid expansion of global commerce. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of books (Naomi Klein's 2000 "No Logo", for example) and films ("e.g. The Corporation" & "Surplus") popularizing an anti-corporate ideology to the public.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: In 2016, a study published by the IMF posited that neoliberalism, the ideological backbone of contemporary globalized capitalism, has been "oversold", with the benefits of neoliberal policies being "fairly difficult to establish when looking at a broad group of countries" and the costs, most significantly higher income inequality within nations, "hurt the level and sustainability of growth."

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Beginning in the 1930s, opposition arose to the idea of a world government, as advocated by organizations such as the World Federalist Movement (WFM). Those who oppose global governance typically do so on objections that the idea is unfeasible, inevitably oppressive, or simply unnecessary. In general, these opponents are wary of the concentration of power or wealth that such governance might represent. Such reasoning dates back to the founding of the League of Nations and, later, the United Nations.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: One critique of globalization is that natural resources of the poor have been systematically taken over by the rich and the pollution promulgated by the rich is systematically dumped on the poor. Some argue that Northern corporations are increasingly exploiting resources of less wealthy countries for their global activities while it is the South that is disproportionately bearing the environmental burden of the globalized economy. Globalization is thus leading to a type of" environmental apartheid".

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: The European Union–Mercosur Free Trade Agreement, which would form one of the world's largest free trade areas, has been denounced by environmental activists and indigenous rights campaigners. The fear is that the deal could lead to more deforestation of the Amazon rainforest as it expands market access to Brazilian beef.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Globalization is associated with a more efficient system of food production. This is because crops are grown in countries with optimum growing conditions. This improvement causes an increase in the world's food supply which encourages improved food security. The political movement 'BREXIT' was considered a step back in globalisation; it has greatly disrupted food chains within the UK, as they import 26% of food produce from the EU.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Globalization

Context: Norway's limited crop range advocates globalization of food production and availability. The northernmost country in Europe requires trade with other countries to ensure population food demands are met. The degree of self-sufficiency in food production is around 50% in Norway.

Question: বিশ্বায়ন শব্দটি প্রথম কে ব্যবহার করেন ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The word "Ottoman" is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was the Turkish form of the Arabic name "ʿUthmān" (). In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as (), literally "The Supreme Ottoman State", or alternatively (). In Modern Turkish, it is known as ("The Ottoman Empire") or ("The Ottoman State").

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: In Western Europe, the names Ottoman Empire, Turkish Empire and Turkey were often used interchangeably, with Turkey being increasingly favoured both in formal and informal situations. This dichotomy was officially ended in 1920–1923, when the newly established Ankara-based Turkish government chose Turkey as the sole official name. At present, most scholarly historians avoid the terms "Turkey", "Turks", and "Turkish" when referring to the Ottomans, due to the empire's multinational character.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Ottoman Empire entered a period of expansion. The Empire prospered under the rule of a line of committed and effective Sultans. It also flourished economically due to its control of the major overland trade routes between Europe and Asia.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Sultan Selim I (1512–1520) dramatically expanded the Empire's eastern and southern frontiers by defeating Shah Ismail of Safavid Iran, in the Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I established Ottoman rule in Egypt by defeating and annexing the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and created a naval presence on the Red Sea. After this Ottoman expansion, competition began between the Portuguese Empire and the Ottoman Empire to become the dominant power in the region.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Under Ivan IV (1533–1584), the Tsardom of Russia expanded into the Volga and Caspian region at the expense of the Tatar khanates. In 1571, the Crimean khan Devlet I Giray, commanded by the Ottomans, burned Moscow. The next year, the invasion was repeated but repelled at the Battle of Molodi. The Ottoman Empire continued to invade Eastern Europe in a series of slave raids, and remained a significant power in Eastern Europe until the end of the 17th century.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1623–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively divided the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Amasya.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Selim III (1789–1807) made the first major attempts to modernise the army, but his reforms were hampered by the religious leadership and the Janissary corps. Jealous of their privileges and firmly opposed to change, the Janissary revolted. Selim's efforts cost him his throne and his life, but were resolved in spectacular and bloody fashion by his successor, the dynamic Mahmud II, who eliminated the Janissary corps in 1826.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: By the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire was called the "sick man of Europe". Three suzerain states – the Principality of Serbia, Wallachia and Moldavia – moved towards "de jure" independence during the 1860s and 1870s.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: In this period, the Ottoman Empire spent only small amounts of public funds on education; for example in 1860–1861 only 0.2 percent of the total budget was invested in education.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: From 1894 to 1896, between 100,000 and 300,000 Armenians living throughout the empire were killed in what became known as the Hamidian massacres.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: In 1897 the population was 19 million, of whom 14 million (74%) were Muslim. An additional 20 million lived in provinces that remained under the sultan's nominal suzerainty but were entirely outside his actual power. One by one the Porte lost nominal authority. They included Egypt, Tunisia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Lebanon.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The Sharifian Army led by Hussein and the Hashemites, with military backing from the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force, successfully fought and expelled the Ottoman military presence from much of the Hejaz and Transjordan. The rebellion eventually took Damascus and set up a short-lived monarchy led by Faisal, a son of Hussein.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Following the Sykes–Picot Agreement, the Middle East was later partitioned by the British and French into mandate territories. There was no unified Arab state, much to the anger of Arab nationalists.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Defeated on every front, the Ottoman Empire signed the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918. Constantinople was occupied by combined British, French, Italian, and Greek forces. In May 1919, Greece also took control of the area around Smyrna (now İzmir).

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The partition of the Ottoman Empire was finalized under the terms of the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres. This treaty, as designed in the Conference of London, allowed the Sultan to retain his position and title. The status of Anatolia was problematic given the occupied forces.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: There arose a nationalist opposition in the Turkish national movement. It won the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923) under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (later given the surname "Atatürk"). The sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922, and the last sultan, Mehmed VI (reigned 1918–1922), left the country on 17 November 1922. The Republic of Turkey was established in its place on 29 October 1923, in the new capital city of Ankara. The caliphate was abolished on 3 March 1924.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Most of the Ottoman Sultans adhered to Sufism and followed Sufi orders, and believed Sufism is the correct way to reach God. Because the matters of jurisprudence and shariah were state matters, the state-sponsored Sufi religious dominance came into play. Non-Sufi Muslims and Arabs were neglected and not given any position in the Hejaz.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Throughout Ottoman history, there were many instances in which local governors acted independently, and even in opposition to the ruler. After the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, the Ottoman state became a constitutional monarchy. The sultan no longer had executive powers. A parliament was formed, with representatives chosen from the provinces. The representatives formed the Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: This eclectic administration was apparent even in the diplomatic correspondence of the Empire, which was initially undertaken in the Greek language to the west.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The Tughra were calligraphic monograms, or signatures, of the Ottoman Sultans, of which there were 35. Carved on the Sultan's seal, they bore the names of the Sultan and his father. The statement and prayer, "ever victorious", was also present in most. The earliest belonged to Orhan Gazi. The ornately stylized "Tughra" spawned a branch of Ottoman-Turkish calligraphy.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: In the late 19th century, the Ottoman legal system saw substantial reform. This process of legal modernisation began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839. These reforms included the "fair and public trial[s] of all accused regardless of religion", the creation of a system of "separate competences, religious and civil", and the validation of testimony on non-Muslims. Specific land codes (1858), civil codes (1869–1876), and a code of civil procedure also were enacted.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The modernization of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century started with the military. In 1826 Sultan Mahmud II abolished the Janissary corps and established the modern Ottoman army. He named them as the Nizam-ı Cedid (New Order). The Ottoman army was also the first institution to hire foreign experts and send its officers for training in western European countries. Consequently, the Young Turks movement began when these relatively young and newly trained men returned with their education.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The Ottoman Empire was first subdivided into provinces, in the sense of fixed territorial units with governors appointed by the sultan, in the late 14th century.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The Eyalet (also "Pashalik" or "Beylerbeylik") was the territory of office of a Beylerbey ("lord of lords" or governor), and was further subdivided in Sanjaks.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The Vilayets were introduced with the promulgation of the "Vilayet Law" () in 1864, as part of the Tanzimat reforms. Unlike the previous eyalet system, the 1864 law established a hierarchy of administrative units: the vilayet, liva/sanjak, kaza and village council, to which the 1871 Vilayet Law added the nahiye.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The organization of the treasury and chancery were developed under the Ottoman Empire more than any other Islamic government and, until the 17th century, they were the leading organization among all their contemporaries. This organisation developed a scribal bureaucracy (known as "men of the pen") as a distinct group, partly highly trained ulama, which developed into a professional body. The effectiveness of this professional financial body stands behind the success of many great Ottoman statesmen.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: A population estimate for the empire of 11,692,480 for the 1520–1535 period was obtained by counting the households in Ottoman tithe registers, and multiplying this number by 5. For unclear reasons, the population in the 18th century was lower than that in the 16th century. An estimate of 7,230,660 for the first census held in 1831 is considered a serious undercount, as this census was meant only to register possible conscripts.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Censuses of Ottoman territories only began in the early 19th century. Figures from 1831 onwards are available as official census results, but the censuses did not cover the whole population. For example, the 1831 census only counted men and did not cover the whole empire. For earlier periods estimates of size and distribution of the population are based on observed demographic patterns.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Towards the end of the empire's existence life expectancy was 49 years, compared to the mid-twenties in Serbia at the beginning of the 19th century. Epidemic diseases and famine caused major disruption and demographic changes. In 1785 around one-sixth of the Egyptian population died from the plague and Aleppo saw its population reduced by twenty percent in the 18th century. Six famines hit Egypt alone between 1687 and 1731 and the last famine to hit Anatolia was four decades later.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Sunni Islam was the prevailing "Dīn" (customs, legal traditions, and religion) of the Ottoman Empire, while the official "Madh'hab" (school of Islamic jurisprudence) was "Hanafi." From the early 16th century until the early 20th century, the Ottoman sultan also served as the caliph, or politco-religious leader, of the Muslim world.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Non-Muslims, particularly Christians and Jews, were present throughout the empire's history. The Ottoman imperial system was charactised by an intricate combination of official Muslim hegemony over non-Muslims and a wide degree of religious tolerance. While religious minorities were never equal under the law, they were granted recognition, protection, and limited freedoms under both Islamic and Ottoman tradition.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Some modern scholars consider the millet system to be an early example of religious pluralism, as it accorded minority religious groups official recognition and tolerance.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: At the local level, power was held beyond the control of the Sultan by the "ayan" or local notables. The ayan collected taxes, formed local armies to compete with other notables, took a reactionary attitude toward political or economic change, and often defied policies handed down by the Sultan.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The economic system made little progress. Printing was forbidden until the 18th century, for fear of defiling the secret documents of Islam. The millets, however, were allowed their own presses, using Greek, Hebrew, Armenian and other languages that greatly facilitated nationalism. The religious prohibition on charging interest foreclosed most of the entrepreneurial skills among Muslims, although it did flourish among the Jews and Christians.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Plague remained a major scourge in Ottoman society until the second quarter of the 19th century. "Between 1701 and 1750, 37 larger and smaller plague epidemics were recorded in Istanbul, and 31 between 1751 and 1801."

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Ottomans adopted Persian bureaucratic traditions and culture. The sultans also made an important contribution in the development of Persian literature.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: In the Ottoman Empire, each millet established a schooling system serving its members. Education, therefore, was largely divided on ethnic and religious lines: few non-Muslims attended schools for Muslim students and vice versa. Most institutions that did serve all ethnic and religious groups taught in French or other languages.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The two primary streams of Ottoman written literature are poetry and prose. Poetry was by far the dominant stream. Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not contain any examples of fiction: there were no counterparts to, for instance, the European romance, short story, or novel. Analog genres did exist, though, in both Turkish folk literature and in Divan poetry.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: The traditional shadow play called Karagöz and Hacivat was widespread throughout the Ottoman Empire and featured characters representing all of the major ethnic and social groups in that culture. It was performed by a single puppet master, who voiced all of the characters, and accompanied by tambourine ("def"). Its origins are obscure, deriving perhaps from an older Egyptian tradition, or possibly from an Asian source.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: In 1660 the Ottoman scholar Ibrahim Efendi al-Zigetvari Tezkireci translated Noël Duret's French astronomical work (written in 1637) into Arabic.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu was the author of the first surgical atlas and the last major medical encyclopaedia from the Islamic world. Though his work was largely based on Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi's "Al-Tasrif", Sabuncuoğlu introduced many innovations of his own. Female surgeons were also illustrated for the first time. Since, the Ottoman Empire is credited with the invention of several surgical instruments in use such as forceps, catheters, scalpels and lancets as well as pincers.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: An example of a watch that measured time in minutes was created by an Ottoman watchmaker, Meshur Sheyh Dede, in 1702.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: In the early 19th century, Egypt under Muhammad Ali began using steam engines for industrial manufacturing, with industries such as ironworks, textile manufacturing, paper mills and hulling mills moving towards steam power. Economic historian Jean Batou argues that the necessary economic conditions existed in Egypt for the adoption of oil as a potential energy source for its steam engines later in the 19th century.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Ottoman Empire

Context: In the 19th century, Ishak Efendi is credited with introducing the then current Western scientific ideas and developments to the Ottoman and wider Muslim world, as well as the invention of a suitable Turkish and Arabic scientific terminology, through his translations of Western works.

Question: উসমানীয় সাম্রাজ্যের মোট কতগুলো রাজধানী ছিল ?


Biology

Context: Life on Earth, which emerged more than 3.7 billion years ago, is immensely diverse. Biologists have sought to study and classify the various forms of life, from prokaryotic organisms such as archaea and bacteria to eukaryotic organisms such as protists, fungi, plants, and animals. These various organisms contribute to the biodiversity of an ecosystem, where they play specialized roles in the cycling of nutrients and energy through their biophysical environment.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: "Biology" derives from the Ancient Greek words of romanized meaning 'life' and -; romanized - meaning 'branch of study' or 'to speak'. Those combined make the Greek word romanized meaning 'biology'. Despite this, the term as a whole did not exist in Ancient Greek. The first to borrow it was the English and French (). Historically there was another term for "biology" in English, lifelore; it is rarely used today.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: The objects of our research will be the different forms and manifestations of life, the conditions and laws under which these phenomena occur, and the causes through which they have been affected. The science that concerns itself with these objects we will indicate by the name biology [] or the doctrine of life [].

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Many other terms used in biology to describe plants, animals, diseases, and drugs have been derived from Greek and Latin due to the historical contributions of the Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations as well as the continued use of these two languages in European universities during the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Renaissance.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Scholars of the medieval Islamic world who wrote on biology included al-Jahiz (781–869), Al-Dīnawarī (828–896), who wrote on botany, and Rhazes (865–925) who wrote on anatomy and physiology. Medicine was especially well studied by Islamic scholars working in Greek philosopher traditions, while natural history drew heavily on Aristotelian thought, especially in upholding a fixed hierarchy of life.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Biology began to quickly develop and grow with Anton van Leeuwenhoek's dramatic improvement of the microscope. It was then that scholars discovered spermatozoa, bacteria, infusoria and the diversity of microscopic life. Investigations by Jan Swammerdam led to new interest in entomology and helped to develop the basic techniques of microscopic dissection and staining.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Unlike ionic bonds, a covalent bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Water also has the capacity to absorb energy, giving it a higher specific heat capacity than other solvents such as ethanol. Thus, a large amount of energy is needed to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules to convert liquid water into gas (or water vapor).

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: As a molecule, water is not completely stable as each water molecule continuously dissociates into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions before reforming into a water molecule again. In pure water, the number of hydrogen ions balances (or equals) the number of hydroxyl ions, resulting in a pH that is neutral. If hydrogen ions were to exceed hydroxyl ions, then the pH of the solution would be acidic. Conversely, a solution's pH would turn basic if hydroxyl ions were to exceed hydrogen ions.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey conducted a classic experiment (otherwise known as the Miller-Urey experiment), which showed that organic compounds could be synthesized abiotically within a closed system that mimicked the conditions of early Earth, leading them to conclude that complex organic molecules could have arisen spontaneously in early Earth, most likely near volcanoes, and could have part of the early stages of abiogenesis (or origin of life).

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: DNA replication is not perfect as the DNA polymerase sometimes insert bases that are not complementary to the template (e.g., putting in A in the strand opposite to G in the template strand). In eukaryotes, the initial error or mutation rate is about 1 in 100,000. Proofreading and mismatch repair are the two mechanisms that repair these errors, which reduces the mutation rate to 10−10, particularly before and after a cell cycle.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Mutations are heritable changes in DNA. They can arise spontaneously as a result of replication errors that were not corrected by proofreading or can be induced by an environmental mutagen such as a chemical (e.g., nitrous acid, benzopyrene) or radiation (e.g., x-ray, gamma ray, ultraviolet radiation, particles emitted by unstable isotopes). Mutations can appear as a change in single base or at a larger scale involving chromosomal mutations such as deletions, inversions, or translocations.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: In multicellular organisms, mutations can occur in somatic or germline cells. In somatic cells, the mutations are passed on to daughter cells during mitosis. In a germline cell such as a sperm or an egg, the mutation will appear in an organism at fertilization. Mutations can lead to several types of phenotypic effects such as silent, loss-of-function, gain-of-function, and conditional mutations.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: The translation of mRNA to protein occurs in ribosomes, whereby the transcribed mRNA strand specifies the sequence of amino acids within proteins using the genetic code. Gene products are often proteins, but in non-protein-coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the product is a functional non-coding RNA.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: The regulation of gene expression (or gene regulation) by environmental factors and during different stages of development can occur at each step of the process such as transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: In addition to regulatory events involving the promoter, gene expression can also be regulated by epigenetic changes to chromatin, which is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Once the recombinant DNA is inside individual bacterial cells, those cells are then plated and allowed to grow into a colony that contains millions of transgenic cells that carry the same recombinant DNA. These transgenic cells then produce large quantities of the transgene product such as human insulin, which was the first medicine to be made using recombinant DNA technology.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Smaller DNA libraries that contain genes from a specific tissue can be created using complementary DNA (cDNA). The collection of these cDNAs from a specific tissue at a particular time is called a cDNA library, which provides a "snapshot" of transcription patterns of cells at a specific location and time.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Other biotechnology tools include DNA microarrays, expression vectors, synthetic genomics, and CRISPR gene editing. Other approaches such as pharming can produce large quantities of medically useful products through the use of genetically modified organisms. Many of these other tools also have wide applications such as creating medically useful proteins, or improving plant cultivation and animal husbandry.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Pre-zygotic isolation such as mechanical, temporal, behavioral, habitat, and gametic isolations can prevent different species from hybridizing. Similarly, post-zygotic isolations can result in hybridization being selected against due to the lower viability of hybrids or hybrid infertility (e.g., mule). Hybrid zones can emerge if there were to be incomplete reproductive isolation between two closely related species.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Algae-like multicellular land plants are dated back even to about 1 billion years ago, although evidence suggests that microorganisms formed the earliest terrestrial ecosystems, at least 2.7 billion years ago. Microorganisms are thought to have paved the way for the inception of land plants in the Ordovician period. Land plants were so successful that they are thought to have contributed to the Late Devonian extinction event.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: The first observed archaea were extremophiles, living in extreme environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes with no other organisms. Improved molecular detection tools led to the discovery of archaea in almost every habitat, including soil, oceans, and marshlands. Archaea are particularly numerous in the oceans, and the archaea in plankton may be one of the most abundant groups of organisms on the planet.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Archaea are a major part of Earth's life. They are part of the microbiota of all organisms. In the human microbiome, they are important in the gut, mouth, and on the skin. Their morphological, metabolic, and geographical diversity permits them to play multiple ecological roles: carbon fixation; nitrogen cycling; organic compound turnover; and maintaining microbial symbiotic and syntrophic communities, for example.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: The excavates are groups of protists that began to diversify approximately 1.5 billion years ago shortly after the origin of the eukaryotes. Some excavates do not possess mitochondria, which are thought to have been lost over the course of evolution as these protists still possess nuclear genes that are associated with mitochondria. The excavates comprise several groups such as diplomonads, parabasalids, heteroloboseans, euglenids, and kinetoplastids.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Stramenopiles, most of which can be characterized by the presence of tubular hairs on the longer of their two flagella, include diatoms and brown algae. Diatoms are primary producers and contribute about one-fifth of all photosynthetic carbon fixation, making them a major component of phytoplankton.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Rhizarians are mostly unicellular and aquatic protists that typically contain long, thin pseudopods. The rhizarians comprise three main groups: cercozoans, foraminiferans, and radiolarians.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Amoebozoans are protists with a body form characterized by the presence lobe-shaped pseudopods, which help them to move. They include groups such as loboseans and slime molds (e.g., plasmodial slime mold and cellular slime molds).

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Nonvascular plants include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. They tend to be found in areas where water is readily available. Most live on soil or even on vascular plants themselves. Some can grow on bare rock, tree trunks that are dead or have fallen, and even buildings. Most nonvascular plants are terrestrial, with a few living in freshwater environments and none living in the oceans.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Most fungi are multicellular but some are unicellular such as yeasts, which live in liquid or moist environments and are able to absorb nutrients directly into their cell surfaces. Multicellular fungi, on the other hand, have a body called mycelium, which is composed of a mass of individual tubular filaments called hyphae that allows for nutrient absorption to occur.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom Fungi, which has been estimated at 2.2 million to 3.8 million species. Of these, only about 148,000 have been described, with over 8,000 species known to be detrimental to plants and at least 300 that can be pathogenic to humans.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera, are a basal Metazoa (animal) clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that replicate inside the cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. More than 6,000 virus species have been described in detail. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity in a way analogous to sexual reproduction. Because viruses possess some but not all characteristics of life, they have been described as "organisms at the edge of life", and as self-replicators.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Plant development is regulated by environmental cues and the plant's own receptors, hormones, and genome. Morever, they have several characteristics that allow them to obtain resources for growth and reproduction such as meristems, post-embryonic organ formation, and differential growth.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Like animals, plants produce hormones in one part of its body to signal cells in another part to respond. The ripening of fruit and loss of leaves in the winter are controlled in part by the production of the gas ethylene by the plant. Stress from water loss, changes in air chemistry, or crowding by other plants can lead to changes in the way a plant functions. These changes may be affected by genetic, chemical, and physical factors.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: In addition to light, plants can respond to other types of stimuli. For instance, plants can sense the direction of gravity to orient themselves correctly. They can respond to mechanical stimulation.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Animal development begins with the formation of a zygote that results from the fusion of a sperm and egg during fertilization. The zygote undergoes a rapid multiple rounds of mitotic cell period of cell divisions called cleavage, which forms a ball of similar cells called a blastula. Gastrulation occurs, whereby morphogenetic movements convert the cell mass into a three germ layers that comprise the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: The immune system is a network of biological processes that detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens. Many species have two major subsystems of the immune system. The innate immune system provides a preconfigured response to broad groups of situations and stimuli. The adaptive immune system provides a tailored response to each stimulus by learning to recognize molecules it has previously encountered. Both use molecules and cells to perform their functions.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: On average, the total amount of energy incorporated into the biomass of a trophic level per unit of time is about one-tenth of the energy of the trophic level that it consumes. Waste and dead material used by decomposers as well as heat lost from metabolism make up the other ninety percent of energy that is not consumed by the next trophic level.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Biology

Context: Conservation biologists research and educate on the trends of biodiversity loss, species extinctions, and the negative effect these are having on our capabilities to sustain the well-being of human society. Organizations and citizens are responding to the current biodiversity crisis through conservation action plans that direct research, monitoring, and education programs that engage concerns at local through global scales.

Question: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক কাকে বলা হয় ?


Cairo

Context: In October 2008, the Egyptian Rugby Federation was officially formed and granted membership into the International Rugby Board.

Question: মিশরের বর্তমান (২০১৯) রাজধানী কোথায় ?


Cairo

Context: This achievement lead to the President of the Festival again contacting the FIAPF with the request that a competition should be included at the 1991 Festival. The request was granted.

Question: মিশরের বর্তমান (২০১৯) রাজধানী কোথায় ?


Cairo

Context: In 1998, the Festival took place under the presidency of one of Egypt's leading actors, Hussein Fahmy, who was appointed by the Minister of Culture, Farouk Hosni, after the death of Saad El-Din Wahba. Four years later, the journalist and writer Cherif El-Shoubashy became president.

Question: মিশরের বর্তমান (২০১৯) রাজধানী কোথায় ?


Cairo

Context: Among the places of worship, they are predominantly Muslim mosques. There are also Christian churches and temples: Coptic Orthodox Church, Coptic Catholic Church (Catholic Church), Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile) (World Communion of Reformed Churches).

Question: মিশরের বর্তমান (২০১৯) রাজধানী কোথায় ?


Cairo

Context: This growth until recently surged well ahead of city services. Homes, roads, electricity, telephone and sewer services were all in short supply. Analysts trying to grasp the magnitude of the change coined terms like "hyper-urbanization".

Question: মিশরের বর্তমান (২০১৯) রাজধানী কোথায় ?


Cairo

Context: The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, known commonly as the Egyptian Museum, is home to the most extensive collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities in the world. It has 136,000 items on display, with many more hundreds of thousands in its basement storerooms. Among the collections on display are the finds from the tomb of Tutankhamun.

Question: মিশরের বর্তমান (২০১৯) রাজধানী কোথায় ?


Cairo

Context: Much of the collection of the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, including the Tutankhamun collection, are slated to be moved to the new Grand Egyptian Museum, under construction in Giza and was due to open by the end of 2020.

Question: মিশরের বর্তমান (২০১৯) রাজধানী কোথায় ?


Cairo

Context: Water pollution is also a serious problem in the city as the sewer system tends to fail and overflow. On occasion, sewage has escaped onto the streets to create a health hazard. This problem is hoped to be solved by a new sewer system funded by the European Union, which could cope with the demand of the city. The dangerously high levels of mercury in the city's water system has global health officials concerned over related health risks.

Question: মিশরের বর্তমান (২০১৯) রাজধানী কোথায় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Android has been the best-selling OS worldwide on smartphones since 2011 and on tablets since 2013. , it has over three billion monthly active users, the largest installed base of any operating system, and , the Google Play Store features over 3 million apps. Android 12, released on October 4, 2021, is the latest version.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Rubin had difficulty attracting investors early on, and Android was facing eviction from its office space. Steve Perlman, a close friend of Rubin, brought him $10,000 in cash in an envelope, and shortly thereafter wired an undisclosed amount as seed funding. Perlman refused a stake in the company, and has stated "I did it because I believed in the thing, and I wanted to help Andy."

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: On Android 4.4 "Kit Kat", shared writing access to MicroSD memory cards has been locked for user-installed applications, to which only the dedicated directories with respective package names, located inside codice_1, remained writeable. Writing access has been reinstated with Android 5 "Lollipop" through the backwards-incompatible "Google Storage Access Framework" interface.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Along the top of the screen is a status bar, showing information about the device and its connectivity. This status bar can be pulled (swiped) down from to reveal a notification screen where apps display important information or updates, as well as quick access to system controls and toggles such as display brightness, connectivity settings (WiFi, Bluetooth, cellular data), audio mode, and flashlight. Vendors may implement extended settings such as the ability to adjust the flashlight brightness.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Notifications are "short, timely, and relevant information about your app when it's not in use", and when tapped, users are directed to a screen inside the app relating to the notification. Beginning with Android 4.1 "Jelly Bean", "expandable notifications" allow the user to tap an icon on the notification in order for it to expand and display more information and possible app actions right from the notification.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: An "All Apps" screen lists all installed applications, with the ability for users to drag an app from the list onto the home screen. The app list may be accessed using a gesture or a button, depending on the Android version. A "Recents" screen, also known as "Overview", lets users switch between recently used apps.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: The recent list may appear side-by-side or overlapping, depending on the Android version and manufacturer.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Many early Android OS smartphones were equipped with a dedicated search button for quick access to a web search engine and individual apps' internal search feature. More recent devices typically allow the former through a long press or swipe away from the home button.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: The earliest vendor-customized Android-based smartphones known to have featured a split-screen view mode are the 2012 Samsung Galaxy S3 and Note 2, the former of which received this feature with the "premium suite" upgrade delivered in TouchWiz with Android 4.1 Jelly Bean.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: When connecting or disconnecting charging power and when shortly actuating the power button or home button, all while the device is powered off, a visual battery meter whose appearance varies among vendors appears on the screen, allowing the user to quickly assess the charge status of a powered-off without having to boot it up first. Some display the battery percentage.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Since stock Android version 12, released early 2021, synchronous vibration can be set to complement audio. Such feature initially existed under the name "Auto Haptic" on the Android-based 2012 Samsung Galaxy S III, released with a vendor-modified (TouchWiz) installation of Android 4.1 Jelly Bean.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Many, to almost all, Android devices come with preinstalled Google apps including Gmail, Google Maps, Google Chrome, YouTube, Google Play Music, Google Play Movies & TV, and many more.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In October 2020, Google removed several Android applications from Play Store, as they were identified breaching its data collection rules. The firm was informed by International Digital Accountability Council (IDAC) that apps for children like "Number Coloring", "Princess Salon" and "Cats & Cosplay", with collective downloads of 20 million, were violating Google's policies.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: At the Windows 11 announcement event in June 2021, Microsoft showcased the new Windows Subsystem for Android (WSA) that will enable support for the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) and will allow users to run Android apps on their Windows desktop.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Android 4.4 introduced the Storage Access Framework (SAF), a set of APIs for accessing files on the device's filesystem. As of Android 11, Android has required apps to conform to a data privacy policy known as "scoped storage", under which apps may only automatically have access to certain directories (such as those for pictures, music, and video), and app-specific directories they have created themselves. Apps are required to use the SAF to access any other part of the filesystem.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Developer options are initially hidden since Android 4.2 "Jelly Bean", but can be enabled by actuating the operating system's build number in the device information seven times. Hiding developers options again requires deleting user data for the "Settings" app, possibly resetting some other preferences.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Requirements for the minimum amount of RAM for devices running Android 7.1 range from in practice 2 GB for best hardware, down to 1 GB for the most common screen. Android supports all versions of OpenGL ES and Vulkan (and version 1.1 available for some devices).

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Android is developed by Google until the latest changes and updates are ready to be released, at which point the source code is made available to the Android Open Source Project (AOSP), an open source initiative led by Google. The AOSP code can be found with minimal modifications on select devices, mainly the former Nexus and current Android One series of devices.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: The source code is, in turn, customized by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to run on their hardware. Android's source code does not contain the device drivers, often proprietary, that are needed for certain hardware components. As a result, most Android devices, including Google's own, ship with a combination of free and open source and proprietary software, with the software required for accessing Google services falling into the latter category.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Google provides annual Android releases, both for factory installation in new devices, and for over-the-air updates to existing devices. The latest major release is Android 12.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In September 2017, Google's Project Treble team revealed that, as part of their efforts to improve the security lifecycle of Android devices, Google had managed to get the Linux Foundation to agree to extend the support lifecycle of the Linux Long-Term Support (LTS) kernel branch from the 2 years that it has historically lasted to 6 years for future versions of the LTS kernel, starting with Linux kernel 4.4.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In May 2019, with the announcement of Android 10, Google introduced Project Mainline to simplify and expedite delivery of updates to the Android ecosystem. Project Mainline enables updates to core OS components through the Google Play Store. As a result, important security and performance improvements that previously needed to be part of full OS updates can be downloaded and installed as easily as an app update.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Google reported rolling out new amendments in Android 12 aimed at making the use of third-party application stores easier. This announcement rectified the concerns reported regarding the development of Android apps, including a fight over an alternative in-app payment system and difficulties faced by businesses moving online because of COVID-19.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Android's kernel is based on the Linux kernel's long-term support (LTS) branches. , Android uses versions 4.14, 4.19 or 5.4 of the Linux kernel. The actual kernel depends on the individual device.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Android is a Linux distribution according to the Linux Foundation, Google's open-source chief Chris DiBona, and several journalists. Others, such as Google engineer Patrick Brady, say that Android is not Linux in the traditional Unix-like Linux distribution sense; Android does not include the GNU C Library (it uses Bionic as an alternative C library) and some other components typically found in Linux distributions.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: With the release of Android Oreo in 2017, Google began to require that devices shipped with new SoCs had Linux kernel version 4.4 or newer, for security reasons. Existing devices upgraded to Oreo, and new products launched with older SoCs, were exempt from this rule.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: The flash storage on Android devices is split into several partitions, such as codice_2 for the operating system itself, and codice_3 for user data and application installations.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: On top of the Linux kernel, there are the middleware, libraries and APIs written in C, and application software running on an application framework which includes Java-compatible libraries. Development of the Linux kernel continues independently of Android's other source code projects.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: For its Java library, the Android platform uses a subset of the now discontinued Apache Harmony project. In December 2015, Google announced that the next version of Android would switch to a Java implementation based on the OpenJDK project.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Aiming for a different licensing model, toward the end of 2012, Google switched the Bluetooth stack in Android from the GPL-licensed BlueZ to the Apache-licensed BlueDroid. A new Bluetooth stack, called Gabeldorsche, was developed to try to fix the bugs in the BlueDroid implementation.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Android does not have a native X Window System by default, nor does it support the full set of standard GNU libraries. This made it difficult to port existing Linux applications or libraries to Android, until version r5 of the Android Native Development Kit brought support for applications written completely in C or C++. Libraries written in C may also be used in applications by injection of a small shim and usage of the JNI.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In current versions of Android, "Toybox", a collection of command-line utilities (mostly for use by apps, as Android does not provide a command-line interface by default), is used (since the release of Marshmallow) replacing a similar "Toolbox" collection found in previous Android versions.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: There are, as of August 2019, a handful of notable custom Android distributions (ROMs) of the latest Android version 9.0 Pie, which was released publicly in August 2018. See "List of custom Android distributions".

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Internally, Android identifies each supported device by its device codename, a short string, which may or may not be similar to the model name used in marketing the device. For example, the device codename of the Pixel smartphone is "sailfish".

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: The device codename is usually not visible to the end user, but is important for determining compatibility with modified Android versions. It is sometimes also mentioned in articles discussing a device, because it allows to distinguish different hardware variants of a device, even if the manufacturer offers them under the same name. The device codename is available to running applications under codice_6.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In 2020, Google launched the Android Partner Vulnerability Initiative to improve the security of Android. They also formed an Android security team.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Leaked documents published by WikiLeaks, codenamed Vault 7 and dated from 2013 to 2016, detail the capabilities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare, including the ability to compromise the operating systems of most smartphones (including Android).

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Patches to bugs found in the core operating system often do not reach users of older and lower-priced devices. However, the open-source nature of Android allows security contractors to take existing devices and adapt them for highly secure uses. For example, Samsung has worked with General Dynamics through their Open Kernel Labs acquisition to rebuild "Jelly Bean" on top of their hardened microvisor for the "Knox" project.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In 2020, the Which? watchdog reported that more than a billion Android devices released in 2012 or earlier, which was 40% of Android devices worldwide, were at risk of being hacked. This conclusion stemmed from the fact that no security updates were issued for the Android versions below 7.0 in 2019. Which? collaborated with the AV Comparatives anti-virus lab to infect five phone models with malware, and it succeeded in each case. Google refused to comment on the watchdog's speculations.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: On August 5, 2020, Twitter published a blog urging its users to update their applications to the latest version with regards to a security concern that allowed others to access direct messages. A hacker could easily use the "Android system permissions" to fetch the account credentials in order to do so. The security issue is only with Android 8 (Android Oreo) and Android 9 (Android Pie). Twitter confirmed that updating the app will restrict such practices.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are explicitly granted by the user when the application is installed, however this may not be possible for pre-installed apps. It is not possible, for example, to turn off the microphone access of the pre-installed camera app without disabling the camera completely. This is valid also in Android versions 7 and 8.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In August 2013, Google announced Android Device Manager (renamed Find My Device in May 2017), a service that allows users to remotely track, locate, and wipe their Android device, with an Android app for the service released in December. In December 2016, Google introduced a Trusted Contacts app, letting users request location-tracking of loved ones during emergencies. In 2020, Trusted Contacts was shut down and the location-sharing feature rolled into Google Maps.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Dependence on proprietary Google Play Services and customizations added on top of the operating system by vendors who license Android from Google is causing privacy concerns.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation have been critical of Android and have recommended the usage of alternatives such as Replicant, because drivers and firmware vital for the proper functioning of Android devices are usually proprietary, and because the Google Play Store application can forcibly install or uninstall applications and, as a result, invite non-free software. In both cases, the use of closed-source software causes the system to become vulnerable to backdoors.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: It has been argued that because developers are often required to purchase the Google-branded Android license, this has turned the theoretically open system into a freemium service.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Android is the most used operating system on phones in virtually all countries, with some countries, such as India, having over 96% market share. On tablets, usage is more even, as iOS is a bit more popular globally.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: By the third quarter of 2011, Gartner estimated that more than half (52.5%) of the smartphone sales belonged to Android. By the third quarter of 2012 Android had a 75% share of the global smartphone market according to the research firm IDC.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In July 2011, Google said that 550,000 Android devices were being activated every day, up from 400,000 per day in May, and more than 100 million devices had been activated<ref name="i/o 2011 stats"></ref> with 4.4% growth per week. In September 2012, 500 million devices had been activated with 1.3 million activations per day. In May 2013, at Google I/O, Sundar Pichai announced that 900 million Android devices had been activated.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: the Google Play store had over 3 million Android applications published, and apps had been downloaded more than 65 billion times. The operating system's success has made it a target for patent litigation as part of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology companies.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: According to a Statistica's estimate, Android smartphones had an installed base of 1.8 billion units in 2015, which was 76% of the estimated total number of smartphones worldwide. Android has the largest installed base of any mobile operating system and, since 2013, the highest-selling operating system overall with sales in 2012, 2013 and 2014 close to the installed base of all PCs.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In the second quarter of 2014, Android's share of the global smartphone shipment market was 84.7%, a new record. This had grown to 87.5% worldwide market share by the third quarter of 2016, leaving main competitor iOS with 12.1% market share.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: According to an April 2017 StatCounter report, Android overtook Microsoft Windows to become the most popular operating system for total Internet usage. It has maintained the plurality since then.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In September 2015, Google announced that Android had 1.4 billion monthly active users. This changed to 2 billion monthly active users in May 2017.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: This began to change in 2012, with the release of the affordable Nexus 7 and a push by Google for developers to write better tablet applications. According to International Data Corporation, shipments of Android-powered tablets surpassed iPads in Q3 2012.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: As of the end of 2013, over 191.6 million Android tablets had sold in three years since 2011. This made Android tablets the most-sold type of tablet in 2013, surpassing iPads in the second quarter of 2013.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: According to StatCounter's web use statistics, , Android tablets represent the majority of tablet devices used in Africa (70%), South America (65%), while less than half elsewhere, e.g. Europe (44%), Asia (44%), North America (34%) and Oceania/Australia (18%). There are countries on all continents where Android tablets are the majority, for example, Mexico.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: In March 2016, Galen Gruman of "InfoWorld" stated that Android devices could be a "real part of your business [..] there's no longer a reason to keep Android at arm's length. It can now be as integral to your mobile portfolio as Apple's iOS devices are". A year earlier, Gruman had stated that Microsoft's own mobile Office apps were "better on iOS and Android" than on Microsoft's own Windows 10 devices.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?


Android (operating system)

Context: Android 11 is, and was just before the release of Android 12, the most popular Android version, on both smartphones and tablets.

Question: অ্যানড্রয়েড বা এন্ড্রয়েড নামক ওপেন সোর্স মোবাইল অপারেটিং সিস্টেমটি প্রথম কত সাল থেকে চালু হয় ?