Healthcare in India

Context: According to the World Bank, the total expenditure on health care as a proportion of GDP in 2015 was 3.89%. Out of 3.89%, the governmental health expenditure as a proportion of GDP is just 1.8%, and the out-of-pocket expenditure as a proportion of the current health expenditure was 65.06% in 2015.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: Attracting 45 percent of health tourists visiting India and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists, Chennai is termed "India's health capital". The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that India is doing 80.5% of what should be possible at its level of income for the right to health.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: The Government of India, while unveiling the National Health Portal, has come out with guidelines for Electronic health record standards in India. The document recommends a set of standards to be followed by different healthcare service providers in India, so that medical data becomes portable and easily transferable.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: In terms of non-medical costs, distance can also prevents access to healthcare. Costs of transportation prevent people from going to health centers. According to scholars, outreach programs are necessary to reach marginalized and isolated groups.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: There is a major gap between outreach, finance and access in India. Without outreach, services cannot be spread to distant locations. Without financial ability, those in distant locations cannot afford to access healthcare. According to scholars, both of these issues are tied together and are pitfalls of the current healthcare system.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JE) is an initiative to ensure health coverage for the poor and weaker population in India.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: This initiative is part of the government's view to ensure that its citizens – particularly poor and weaker groups, have access to healthcare and good quality hospital services without facing financial difficulty.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: PM-JAY Provides insurance cover up to Rs 5 lakh per annum to the 100 million families in India for secondary and tertiary hospitalization. For transparency, the government made an online portal (Mera PmJay) to check eligibility for PMJAY.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: Health care service includes follow-up care, daycare surgeries, pre and post hospitalization, hospitalization expenses, expense benefits and newborn child/children services. The comprehensive list of services is available on the website.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: One initiative adapted by governments of many states in India to improve access to healthcare entails a combination of public and private sectors. The Public-Private Partnership Initiative (PPP) was created in the hopes of reaching the health-related Millennium Development Goals. In terms of prominence, nearly every new state health initiative includes policies that allow for the involvement of private entities or non-governmental organizations.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: The effectiveness of public-private partnerships in healthcare is hotly disputed. Critics of PPP are concerned of its presentation as a cure-all solution, by which the health infrastructure can be improved. Proponents of PPP claim that these partnerships take advantage of existing infrastructure in order to provide care for the underprivileged.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: The results of the PPP in the states of Maharashtra and West Bengal show that all three of these programs are effective when used in combination with federal health services. They assist in filling the gap between outreach and affordability in India. However, even with these programs, high out-of-pocket payments for non-medical expenses are still deterring people from healthcare access. Thus, scholars state that these programs need to be expanded across India.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: In the most successful PPP ventures, the World Health Organization found that the most prominent factor, aside from financial support, was ownership of the project by state and local governments. It was found that programs sponsored by the state governments were more effective in achieving health goals than programs set by national governments.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: Non-availability of diagnostic tools and increasing reluctance of qualified and experienced healthcare professionals to practice in rural, under-equipped and financially less lucrative rural areas are becoming big challenges.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: Rural medical practitioners are highly sought after by residents of rural areas as they are more financially affordable and geographically accessible than practitioners working in the formal public health care sector. But there are incidents where doctors were attacked and even killed in rural India.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: In 2015 the British Medical Journal published a report by Dr Gadre, from Kolkata, exposed the extent of malpractice in the Indian healthcare system. He interviewed 78 doctors and found that kickbacks for referrals, irrational drug prescribing and unnecessary interventions were commonplace.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: According to a study conducted by Martin Patrick, CPPR chief economist released in 2017 has projected people depend more on private sector for healthcare and the amount spent by a household to avail of private services is almost 24 times more than what is spent for public healthcare services.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: In certain areas, there are also gaps in the knowledge of healthcare providers about certain ailments that further contribute towards quality of healthcare delivered when treatments are not fully supported with thorough knowledge about the ailment. A 2015 study by Manoj Mohanan et al., published in "JAMA Pediatrics," investigate

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Healthcare in India

Context: In the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study Report, India was ranked 145 out of 197 countries in "healthcare access and quality". India was ranked behind war-torn Yemen, Sudan and North Korea.

Question: কত সালে ভারত সরকার সর্বপ্রথম জাতীয় গ্রামীণ স্বাস্থ্য মিশন তৈরি করেছিল ?


Victorious War Museum

Context: The Victorious War Museum, or the Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum, is a history/military museum dedicated to the Korean War located in the North Korean capital-city of Pyongyang.

Question: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জাদুঘর কবে তৈরী হয় ?


Victorious War Museum

Context: In 2014, the museum was renovated and upgraded significantly and the new design included a building spanning across the nearby Botong River, together with a large panorama-style display hall at the top.

Question: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জাদুঘর কবে তৈরী হয় ?


Victorious War Museum

Context: The actual battle involved light cruiser as well as the Royal Navy's sloop and cruiser . Together, they destroyed several (at least 3) North Korean torpedo boats without suffering losses or damage.

Question: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জাদুঘর কবে তৈরী হয় ?


Akhtar Hameed Khan

Context: In 1980, Khan moved to Karachi and started working on the improvement of sanitary conditions in Karachi suburbs. He laid the foundations of the Orangi Pilot Project for the largest squatter community of Orangi in the city. He remained associated with this project until his death in 1999. Meanwhile, he maintained his support for rural communities around Karachi, and also helped to develop the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme. OPP became a model for participatory bottom-up development initiatives.

Question: আখতার হামিদ খান কোন কলেজ থেকে পড়াশোনা করেন ?


Akhtar Hameed Khan

Context: Comilla Model simultaneously addressed the problems that were caused by the inadequacy of both local infrastructure and institutions through a range of integrated programmes. The initiatives included the establishment of: a training and development centre; a road-drainage embankment works programme; a decentralized, small scale irrigation programme; and, a two-tiered cooperative system with primary cooperatives operating in the villages, and federations operating at sub-district level.

Question: আখতার হামিদ খান কোন কলেজ থেকে পড়াশোনা করেন ?


Akhtar Hameed Khan

Context: The Orangi Pilot Project was very different from the Comilla Academy. OPP was a private body, dependent for its small fixed budget on another NGO. The vast resources and support of the government, Harvard advisors, MSU, and Ford Foundation was missing. OPP possessed no authority, no sanctions. It may observe and investigate but it could only advise, not enforce.

Question: আখতার হামিদ খান কোন কলেজ থেকে পড়াশোনা করেন ?


Akhtar Hameed Khan

Context: The successful OPP model became an inspiration for other municipalities around the country. In 1999, Khan helped to create Lodhran Pilot Project (LPP) to collaborate with Lodhran municipal committee. Learning from past experiences, the project extended its scope to the whole town instead of concentrating on low-income settlements only. The municipal partnership was itself a new initiative that ensured wider civic co-operation.

Question: আখতার হামিদ খান কোন কলেজ থেকে পড়াশোনা করেন ?


Akhtar Hameed Khan

Context: The success of OPP did come at a cost for Dr Khan as his liberal views and self-help initiatives were questioned and criticised by certain interest groups. At two occasions, he was accused of blasphemy. However, all allegations against him were acquitted by the courts of law and cleared by independent religious scholars.

Question: আখতার হামিদ খান কোন কলেজ থেকে পড়াশোনা করেন ?


Akhtar Hameed Khan

Context: In 1999, Khan was visiting his family in the United States when he suffered from kidney failure. He died of myocardial infarction on 9 October in Indianapolis at the age of 85. His body was flown to Karachi on 15 October, where he was buried on the grounds of the OPP office compound.

Question: আখতার হামিদ খান কোন কলেজ থেকে পড়াশোনা করেন ?


Akhtar Hameed Khan

Context: Soon after Khan's death, on 10 April 2000, the Government of Pakistan renamed the National Centre for Rural Development the Akhter Hameed Khan National Centre for Rural Development and Municipal Administration.

Question: আখতার হামিদ খান কোন কলেজ থেকে পড়াশোনা করেন ?


Akhtar Hameed Khan

Context: Khan was fluent in Arabic, Bengali, English, Hindi, Pali, Persian, and Urdu. He wrote several reports and monographs, mostly relating to rural development in general or his various successful and model initiatives in particular. He also published collections of poems and travelogues in Urdu.

Question: আখতার হামিদ খান কোন কলেজ থেকে পড়াশোনা করেন ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: Egyptians speak a continuum of dialects. The predominant dialect in Egypt is Egyptian Colloquial Arabic or "Masri"/"Masry" ( "Egyptian"), which is the vernacular language. Literary Arabic is the official language and the most widely written. The Coptic language is used primarily by Egyptian Copts and it is the liturgical language of Coptic Christianity.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: Literary Arabic is the official language of Egypt, which is the liturgical language of Islam, the majority religion and state religion of Egypt.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: Egyptian Arabic is the commonly spoken language, based on the dialect of Cairo, and is occasionally written in Arabic script, or in Arabic chat alphabet mostly on new communication services.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: Of the many varieties of Arabic, Egyptian Arabic is the most widely understood first dialect in the Middle East-North Africa, probably due to the influence of Egyptian cinema and music industry throughout the Arabic-speaking world.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: In the Upper Nile Valley, around Kom Ombo and Aswan, there are about 300,000 speakers of Nubian languages, mainly Nobiin, but also Kenuzi-Dongola.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: Some 234,000 (2004) Dom speak the Domari language (an Indo-Aryan language related to Romany) and are concentrated north of Cairo.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: About 30,000 Egyptian Berbers living in the Siwa oasis and its surroundings speak Siwi language, which is a variety of the Berber language of North Africa. Siwi Berber is well mutually intelligible with neighbouring Libyan Berber dialects.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: The only sign language known to be used in Egypt is Egyptian Sign Language. It is known to be used in Alexandria and Cairo, and possibly other regions. Regional variation is reported anecdotally but not documented.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: In 2009-2010 about six million people studied French in Egypt, and this number increased to 8 million in 2013. As of 2014 most people in Egypt using French have studied it as a foreign language in school.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: The first French-medium schools in Egypt were established in 1836. By the end of the nineteenth century it had become the dominant foreign language in Egypt and the lingua franca of foreigners; this was especially the case in Cairo.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: Due to social and political reasons, the role of French in Egypt began to decline in the 1920s. There are still two newspapers published in the French language.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: The primary foreign language during the reign of Muhammad Ali was Italian. There was an Italian newspaper established in the city of Alexandria in 1858 and 1859, known as "Il progresso".

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: Other Egyptian languages (also known as Copto-Egyptian) consist of ancient Egyptian and Coptic, and form a separate branch among the family of Afro-Asiatic languages. The Egyptian language is among the first written languages, and is known from hieroglyphic inscriptions preserved on monuments and sheets of papyrus. The Coptic language, the only extant descendant of Egyptian, is today the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Languages of Egypt

Context: The "Koiné" dialect of the Greek language was important in Hellenistic Alexandria, and was used in the philosophy and science of that culture, and was also studied by later Arabic scholars.

Question: সিনাই উপদ্বীপে বসবাসকারী মানুষদের মাতৃভাষা কী ?


Test cricket

Context: South Africa became the third team to play Test cricket in 1888–89, when they hosted a tour by an under-strength England side.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Test matches are the highest level of cricket, played between national representative teams with "Test status", as determined by the International Cricket Council. , twelve national teams have Test status, the most recently promoted being Afghanistan and Ireland on 22 June 2017.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Test status is conferred upon a country or group of countries by the ICC. There are currently twelve men's teams that have been granted this status: international teams that do not have Test status can play first-class cricket in the ICC Intercontinental Cup, under conditions which are similar to Tests.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Nine of these teams represent independent sovereign nations: the England cricket team represents the constituent countries of England and Wales, the West Indies is a combined team from fifteen Caribbean nations and territories, and Ireland represents both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Following the D'Oliveira affair in 1969, South Africa was suspended from all forms of cricket from 1970 until the end of the apartheid regime in 1991.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Zimbabwe's Test status was voluntarily suspended in 2006 because of very poor performances, but its Test status was reinstated in August 2011.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: The ICC has made several proposals to reform the system of granting Test status, including having two tiers with promotion and relegation, and/or a play-off between the winners of the ICC Intercontinental Cup and the team with the lowest Test ranking. These proposals have not been successful as of 2021.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: For statistical purposes, Tests are considered to be a subset of first-class cricket. Performances in first-class matches count towards only the first-class statistical record, but performances in Test matches count towards both the Test statistics and the first-class statistics.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Statisticians have developed criteria to determine which matches count as Tests if they were played before the formal definition of Test status.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: The first list of matches considered to be "Tests" was drawn up by Australian Clarence Moody in the mid-1890s. Representative matches played by simultaneous England touring sides of 1891–92 (in Australia and South Africa) and 1929–30 (in the West Indies and New Zealand) are deemed to have Test status.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Despite this principle, in 2005, the ICC ruled that the six-day Super Series match that took place that October between Australia and a World XI was an official Test match: some cricket writers and statisticians, including Bill Frindall, have ignored the ICC's ruling and exclude this match from their records.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: The series of "Test matches" played in Australia between Australia and a World XI in 1971–72, and the commercial "Supertests" organised by Kerry Packer as part of his World Series Cricket enterprise played between "WSC Australia", "WSC World XI" and "WSC West Indies" from 1977 to 1979, have never been regarded as official Test matches as of 2021.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: There have been attempts by the ICC, the sport's governing body, to introduce day-night Test matches. In 2012, the International Cricket Council passed playing conditions that allowed for the staging of day-night Test matches. The first day-night Test took place during New Zealand's tour to Australia in November 2015.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Test cricket is played in "innings" (the word denotes both the singular and the plural). In each innings, one team bats and the other bowls (or fields). Ordinarily four innings are played in a Test match, and each team bats twice and bowls twice. Before the start of play on the first day, the two team captains and the match referee toss a coin; the captain who wins the toss decides whether his team will bat or bowl first.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: In the following scenarios, the team that bats first is referred to as "Team A" and their opponents as "Team B".

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Usually the teams will alternate at the completion of each innings. Thus, Team A will bat (and Team B will bowl) until its innings ends, and then Team B will bat and Team A will bowl. When Team B's innings ends, Team A begin their second innings, and this is followed by Team B's second innings. The winning team is the one that scores more runs in their two innings.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: Several pairs of Test teams have established perpetual trophies which are competed for whenever teams play each other in Test series.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: After years of delays since proposals began in 2009, a league competition for Test cricket was held in 2019–2021. Arranged as a bilateral series in various countries with one team as host and another team as visitor. The length of each series varies between 2 and 5 matches. Ireland, Zimbabwe and Afghanistan are not taking part in this competition, but instead play a program of Test matches with each other and other teams during the same period.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Test cricket

Context: It has been suggested that Test cricket may be losing popularity, particularly in the face of the advent of short form cricket. Day/night Test matches have been suggested as one way to address this problem. However, the lack of popularity has been disputed, with a Marylebone Cricket Club poll showing that 86% of all cricket fans support Test cricket, more than any other format.

Question: টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলার সূচনা প্রথম কোথায় হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Since its construction, the tunnel has experienced a few mechanical problems. Both fires and cold weather have temporarily disrupted its operation.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Since at least 1997, aggregations of migrants around Calais seeking irregular, undocumented and/or otherwise illegal entry to the United Kingdom, such as through the tunnel, have prompted deterrence and countermeasures, as well as increased examination of ways to relieve the lands from which they are fleeing.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In 1802, Albert Mathieu-Favier, a French mining engineer, put forward a proposal to tunnel under the English Channel, with illumination from oil lamps, horse-drawn coaches, and an artificial island positioned mid-Channel for changing horses. His design envisaged a bored two-level tunnel with the top tunnel used for transport and the bottom one for groundwater flows.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In 1839, Aimé Thomé de Gamond, a Frenchman, performed the first geological and hydrographical surveys on the Channel between Calais and Dover. He explored several schemes and, in 1856, presented a proposal to Napoleon III for a mined railway tunnel from Cap Gris-Nez to East Wear Point with a port/airshaft on the Varne sandbank at a cost of 170 million francs, or less than £7 million.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In 1865, a deputation led by George Ward Hunt proposed the idea of a tunnel to the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the day, William Ewart Gladstone.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In 1866, Henry Marc Brunel made a survey of the floor of the Strait of Dover. By his results, he proved that the floor was composed of chalk, like the adjoining cliffs, and thus a tunnel was feasible. For this survey, he invented the gravity corer, which is still used in geology.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Around 1866, William Low and Sir John Hawkshaw promoted tunnel ideas, but apart from preliminary geological studies, none were implemented.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: A 1907 film, "Tunnelling the English Channel" by pioneer filmmaker Georges Méliès, depicts King Edward VII and President Armand Fallières dreaming of building a tunnel under the English Channel.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In 1919, during the Paris Peace Conference, British prime minister David Lloyd George repeatedly brought up the idea of a Channel tunnel as a way of reassuring France about British willingness to defend against another German attack. The French did not take the idea seriously, and nothing came of the proposal.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In the 1920s, Winston Churchill advocated for the Channel Tunnel, using that exact name in his essay "Should Strategists Veto The Tunnel?" It was published on 27 July 1924 in the "Weekly Dispatch", and argued vehemently against the idea that the tunnel could be used by a Continental enemy in an invasion of Britain. Churchill expressed his enthusiasm for the project again in an article for the "Daily Mail" on 12 February 1936, "Why Not A Channel Tunnel?"

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: A British film from Gaumont Studios, "The Tunnel" (also called "TransAtlantic Tunnel"), was released in 1935 as a science-fiction project concerning the creation of a transatlantic tunnel. It referred briefly to its protagonist, a Mr. McAllan, as having completed a British Channel tunnel successfully in 1940, five years into the future of the film's release.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Although the two countries agreed to build a tunnel in 1964, the phase 1 initial studies and signing of a second agreement to cover phase 2 took until 1973. The plan described a government-funded project to create two tunnels to accommodate car shuttle wagons on either side of a service tunnel. Construction started on both sides of the Channel in 1974.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: The British "Channel Tunnel Group" consisted of two banks and five construction companies, while their French counterparts, "France–Manche", consisted of three banks and five construction companies. The banks' role was to advise on financing and secure loan commitments. On 2 July 1985, the groups formed Channel Tunnel Group/France–Manche (CTG/F–M). Their submission to the British and French governments was drawn from the 1975 project, including 11 volumes and a substantial environmental impact statement.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: It drew a land frontier between the two countries in the middle of the Channel tunnel—the first of its kind.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Working from both the English and French sides of the Channel, eleven tunnel boring machines or TBMs cut through chalk marl to construct two rail tunnels and a service tunnel. The vehicle shuttle terminals are at Cheriton (part of Folkestone) and Coquelles, and are connected to the English M20 and French A16 motorways respectively.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Tunnelling commenced in 1988, and the tunnel began operating in 1994. In 1985 prices, the total construction cost was £4.65 billion (equivalent to £ billion in 2015), an 80% cost overrun. At the peak of construction 15,000 people were employed with daily expenditure over £3 million. Ten workers, eight of them British, were killed during construction between 1987 and 1993, most in the first few months of boring.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In 1994, the American Society of Civil Engineers elected the tunnel as one of the seven modern Wonders of the World. In 1995, the American magazine "Popular Mechanics" published the results.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Opening was phased for various services offered as the Channel Tunnel Safety Authority, the IGC, gave permission for various services to begin at several dates over the period 1994/1995 but start up dates were a few days later.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Successful tunnelling required a sound understanding of the topography and geology and the selection of the best rock strata through which to dig. The geology of this site generally consists of northeasterly dipping Cretaceous strata, part of the northern limb of the Wealden-Boulonnais dome. Characteristics include:

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Marine soundings and samplings by Thomé de Gamond were carried out during 1833–67, establishing the seabed depth at a maximum of and the continuity of geological strata (layers). Surveying continued over many years, with 166 marine and 70 land-deep boreholes being drilled and over 4,000-line-kilometres of marine geophysical survey completed. Surveys were undertaken in 1958–1959, 1964–1965, 1972–1974 and 1986–1988.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: The surveying in 1958–59 catered for immersed tube and bridge designs as well as a bored tunnel, and thus a wide area was investigated. At this time, marine geophysics surveying for engineering projects was in its infancy, with poor positioning and resolution from seismic profiling. The 1964–65 surveys concentrated on a northerly route that left the English coast at Dover harbour; using 70 boreholes, an area of deeply weathered rock with high permeability was located just south of Dover harbour.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Tunnelling was a major engineering challenge, with the only precedent being the undersea Seikan Tunnel in Japan, which opened in 1988. A serious health and safety risk with building tunnels underwater is major water inflow due to the high hydrostatic pressure from the sea above, under weak ground conditions. The tunnel also had the challenge of time: being privately funded, early financial return was paramount.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In contrast to the English machines, which were given technical names, the French tunnelling machines were all named after women: Brigitte, Europa, Catherine, Virginie, Pascaline, Séverine.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: At the end of the tunnelling, one machine was on display at the side of the M20 motorway in Folkestone until Eurotunnel sold it on eBay for £39,999 to a scrap metal merchant. Another machine (T4 "Virginie") still survives on the French side, adjacent to Junction 41 on the A16, in the middle of the D243E3/D243E4 roundabout. On it are the words "hommage aux bâtisseurs du tunnel", meaning "tribute to the builders of the tunnel".

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: The eleven tunnel boring machines were designed and manufactured through a joint venture between the Robbins Company of Kent, Washington, United States; Markham & Co. of Chesterfield, England; and Kawasaki Heavy Industries of Japan. The TBMs for the service tunnels and main tunnels on the UK side were designed and manufactured by James Howden & Company Ltd, Scotland.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: There are three communication systems: concession radio (CR) for mobile vehicles and personnel within Eurotunnel's Concession (terminals, tunnels, coastal shafts); track-to-train radio (TTR) for secure speech and data between trains and the railway control centre; Shuttle internal radio (SIR) for communication between shuttle crew and to passengers over car radios.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Power is delivered to the locomotives via an overhead line (catenary) at . with a normal overhead clearance of . All tunnel services run on electricity, shared equally from English and French sources. There are two sub-stations fed at 400 kV at each terminal, but in an emergency the tunnel's lighting (about 20,000 light fittings) and plant can be powered solely from either England or France.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: The traditional railway south of London uses a 750 V DC third rail to deliver electricity, but since the opening of High Speed 1 there is no longer any need for tunnel trains to use the third rail system. High Speed 1, the tunnel and the LGV Nord all have power provided via overhead catenary at 25 kV 50 Hz. The railways on "classic" lines in Belgium are also electrified by overhead wires, but at 3000 V DC.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: A cab signalling system gives information directly to train drivers on a display. There is a train protection system that stops the train if the speed exceeds that indicated on the in-cab display. TVM430, as used on LGV Nord and High Speed 1, is used in the tunnel. The TVM signalling is interconnected with the signalling on the high-speed lines either side, allowing trains to enter and exit the tunnel system without stopping. The maximum speed is .

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Signalling in the tunnel is coordinated from two control centres: The main control centre at the Folkestone terminal, and a backup at the Calais terminal, which is staffed at all times and can take over all operations in the event of a breakdown or emergency.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: The ventilation system maintains the air pressure in the service tunnel higher than in the rail tunnels, so that in the event of a fire, smoke does not enter the service tunnel from the rail tunnels. Two cooling water pipes in each rail tunnel circulate chilled water to remove heat generated by the rail traffic. Pumping stations remove water in the tunnels from rain, seepage, and so on.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Car shuttle sets have two separate halves: single and double deck. Each half has two loading/unloading wagons and 12 carrier wagons. Eurotunnel's original order was for nine car shuttle sets.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Heavy goods vehicle (HGV) shuttle sets also have two halves, with each half containing one loading wagon, one unloading wagon and 14 carrier wagons. There is a club car behind the leading locomotive, where drivers must stay during the journey. Eurotunnel originally ordered six HGV shuttle sets.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Forty-six Class 92 locomotives for hauling freight trains and overnight passenger trains (the Nightstar project, which was abandoned) were commissioned, running on both overhead AC and third-rail DC power. However, RFF does not let these run on French railways, so there are plans to certify Alstom Prima II locomotives for use in the tunnel.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Germany (DB) has since around 2005 tried to get permission to run train services to London. At the end of 2009, extensive fire-proofing requirements were dropped and DB received permission to run German Intercity-Express (ICE) test trains through the tunnel. In June 2013 DB was granted access to the tunnel, but these plans were ultimately dropped.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In October 2021, Renfe, the Spanish state railway company, expressed interest in operating a cross-Channel route between Paris and London using some of their existing trains with the intention of competing with Eurostar. No details have been revealed as to which trains would be used.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: The following chart presents the estimated number of passengers and tonnes of freight, respectively, annually transported through the Channel Tunnel since 1994 (M = million).

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Both the freight and passenger traffic forecasts that led to the construction of the tunnel were overestimated; in particular, Eurotunnel's commissioned forecasts were over-predictions. Although the captured share of Channel crossings was forecast correctly, high competition (especially from budget airlines which expanded rapidly in the 1990s and 2000s) and reduced tariffs led to low revenue. Overall cross-Channel traffic was overestimated.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: With the EU's liberalisation of international rail services, the tunnel and High Speed 1 have been open to competition since 2010. There have been a number of operators interested in running trains through the tunnel and along High Speed 1 to London. In June 2013, after several years, DB obtained a licence to operate Frankfurt – London trains, not expected to run before 2016 because of delivery delays of the custom-made trains.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Cross-tunnel passenger traffic volumes peaked at 18.4 million in 1998, dropped to 14.9 million in 2003 and has increased substantially since then.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Freight volumes have been erratic, with a major decrease during 1997 due to a closure caused by a fire in a freight shuttle. Freight crossings increased over the period, indicating the substitutability of the tunnel by sea crossings. The tunnel has achieved a market share close to or above Eurotunnel's 1980s predictions but Eurotunnel's 1990 and 1994 predictions were overestimates.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: For through freight trains, the first year prediction was 7.2 million tonnes; the actual 1995 figure was 1.3M tonnes. Through freight volumes peaked in 1998 at 3.1M tonnes. This fell back to 1.21M tonnes in 2007, increasing slightly to 1.24M tonnes in 2008. Together with that carried on freight shuttles, freight growth has occurred since opening, with 6.4M tonnes carried in 1995, 18.4M tonnes recorded in 2003 and 19.6M tonnes in 2007. Numbers fell back in the wake of the 2008 fire.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Eurotunnel's freight subsidiary is Europorte 2. In September 2006 EWS, the UK's largest rail freight operator, announced that owing to cessation of UK-French government subsidies of £52 million per annum to cover the tunnel "Minimum User Charge" (a subsidy of around £13,000 per train, at a traffic level of 4,000 trains per annum), freight trains would stop running after 30 November.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In 1999 Eurostar posted its first net profit, having made a loss of £925m in 1995. In 2005 Eurotunnel was described as being in a serious situation. In 2013, operating profits rose 4 percent from 2012, to £54 million.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: The terminals' sites are at Cheriton (near Folkestone in the United Kingdom) and Coquelles (near Calais in France). The UK site uses the M20 motorway for access. The terminals are organised with the frontier controls juxtaposed with the entry to the system to allow travellers to go onto the motorway at the destination country immediately after leaving the shuttle.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: To achieve design output at the French terminal, the shuttles accept cars on double-deck wagons; for flexibility, ramps were placed inside the shuttles to provide access to the top decks. At Folkestone there are of main-line track, 45 turnouts and eight platforms. At Calais there are of track and 44 turnouts. At the terminals the shuttle trains traverse a figure eight to reduce uneven wear on the wheels. There is a freight marshalling yard west of Cheriton at Dollands Moor Freight Yard.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Illegal immigrants and would-be asylum seekers have used the tunnel to attempt to enter Britain. By 1997, the problem had attracted international press attention, and by 1999, the French Red Cross opened the first migrant centre at Sangatte, using a warehouse once used for tunnel construction; by 2002, it housed up to 1,500 people at a time, most of them trying to get to the UK. In 2001, most came from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran, but African countries were also represented.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Eurotunnel, the company that operates the crossing, said that more than 37,000 migrants were intercepted between January and July 2015. Approximately 3,000 migrants, mainly from Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan and Afghanistan, were living in the temporary camps erected in Calais at the time of an official count in July 2015. An estimated 3,000 to 5,000 migrants were waiting in Calais for a chance to get to England.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Britain and France operate a system of juxtaposed controls on immigration and customs, where investigations happen before travel. France is part of the Schengen immigration zone, removing border checks in normal times between most EU member states; Britain and the Republic of Ireland form their own separate Common Travel Area immigration zone.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In 2001 and 2002, several riots broke out at Sangatte, and groups of migrants (up to 550 in a December 2001 incident) stormed the fences and attempted to enter "en masse".

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Local authorities in both France and the UK called for the closure of the Sangatte migrant camp, and Eurotunnel twice sought an injunction against the centre. As at 2006 the United Kingdom blamed France for allowing Sangatte to open, and France blamed both the UK for its then lax asylum rules/law, and the EU for not having a uniform immigration policy. The "cause célèbre" nature of the problem even included journalists detained as they followed migrants onto railway property.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In 2002, a dozen migrants died in crossing attempts. In the two months from June to July 2015, ten migrants died near the French tunnel terminal, during a period when 1,500 attempts to evade security precautions were being made each day.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: On 6 July 2015, a migrant died while attempting to climb onto a freight train while trying to reach Britain from the French side of the Channel. The previous month an Eritrean man was killed under similar circumstances.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: During the night of 28 July 2015, one person, aged 25–30, was found dead after a night in which 1,500–2,000 migrants had attempted to enter the Eurotunnel terminal. The body of a Sudanese migrant was subsequently found inside the tunnel. On 4 August 2015, another Sudanese migrant walked nearly the entire length of one of the tunnels. He was arrested close to the British side, after having walked about through the tunnel.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: There have been three fires in the tunnel, all on the heavy goods vehicle (HGV) shuttles, that were significant enough to close the tunnel, as well as other more minor incidents.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: On 9 December 1994, during an "invitation only" testing phase, a fire broke out in a Ford Escort car while its owner was loading it onto the upper deck of a tourist shuttle. The fire started at about 10:00, with the shuttle train stationary in the Folkestone terminal, and was put out about 40 minutes later with no passenger injuries.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: On 18 November 1996, a fire broke out on an HGV shuttle wagon in the tunnel, but nobody was seriously hurt. The exact cause is unknown, although it was neither a Eurotunnel equipment nor rolling stock problem; it may have been due to arson of a heavy goods vehicle. It is estimated that the heart of the fire reached , with the tunnel severely damaged over , with some affected to some extent. Full operation recommenced six months after the fire.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: On 21 August 2006, the tunnel was closed for several hours when a truck on an HGV shuttle train caught fire.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: On 29 November 2012, the tunnel was closed for several hours after a truck on an HGV shuttle caught fire.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: On the night of 19/20 February 1996, about 1,000 passengers became trapped in the Channel Tunnel when Eurostar trains from London broke down owing to failures of electronic circuits caused by snow and ice being deposited and then melting on the circuit boards.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: On 3 August 2007, an electrical failure lasting six hours caused passengers to be trapped in the tunnel on a shuttle.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: On 7 January 2010, a Brussels–London Eurostar broke down in the tunnel. The train had 236 passengers on board and was towed to Ashford; other trains that had not yet reached the tunnel were turned back.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: The Channel Tunnel Safety Authority is responsible for some aspects of safety regulation in the tunnel; it reports to the Intergovernmental Commission (IGC).

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Trains travelling at high speed create piston effect pressure changes that can affect passenger comfort, ventilation systems, tunnel doors, fans and the structure of the trains, and which drag on the trains. Piston relief ducts of diameter were chosen to solve the problem, with 4 ducts per kilometre to give close to optimum results. Unfortunately this design led to unacceptable lateral forces on the trains so a reduction in train speed was required and restrictors were installed in the ducts.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: Since 2012, French operators Bouygues Telecom, Orange and SFR have covered Running Tunnel South, the tunnel bore normally used for travel from France to Britain.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In May 2014, Eurotunnel announced that they had installed equipment from Alcatel-Lucent to cover Running Tunnel North and simultaneously to provide mobile service (GSM 900/1800 MHz and UMTS 2100 MHz) by EE, O2 and Vodafone. The service of EE and Vodafone commenced on the same date as the announcement. O2 service was expected to be available soon afterwards.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: In November 2014, EE announced that it had previously switched on LTE earlier in September 2014. O2 turned on 2G, 3G and 4G services in November 2014, whilst Vodafone's 4G was due to go live later.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Channel Tunnel

Context: The tunnel also houses the 1,000 MW ElecLink interconnector to transfer power between the British and French electricity networks. During the night 31 August/1 September 2021, the 51km-long 320 kV DC cable was switched into service for the first time.

Question: চ্যানেল টানেল পাতাল রেল সুড়ঙ্গটির নির্মাণ করতে মোট কত টাকা খরচ হয় ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: A polymath, he had a wide range of interests in varied fields, including physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy, philosophy, arts, literature, and music. He served on many research and development committees in sovereign India.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: Bose received a Bachelor of Science in mixed mathematics from Presidency College, standing first in 1913. Then he joined Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee's newly formed Science College where he again stood first in the MSc mixed mathematics exam in 1915. His marks in the MSc examination created a new record in the annals of the University of Calcutta, which is yet to be surpassed.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: After completing his MSc, Bose joined the Science college, Calcutta University as a research scholar in 1916 and started his studies in the theory of relativity. It was an exciting era in the history of scientific progress. Quantum theory had just appeared on the horizon and important results had started pouring in.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: His father, Surendranath Bose, worked in the Engineering Department of the East Indian Railway Company. In 1914, at age 20, Satyendra Nath Bose married Ushabati Ghosh, the 11-year-old daughter of a prominent Calcutta physician. They had nine children, two of whom died in early childhood. When he died in 1974, he left behind his wife, two sons, and five daughters.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: As a polyglot, Bose was well versed in several languages such as Bengali, English, French, German and Sanskrit as well as the poetry of Lord Tennyson, Rabindranath Tagore and Kalidasa. He could play the "esraj", an Indian musical instrument similar to a violin. He was actively involved in running night schools that came to be known as the Working Men's Institute.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: While presenting a lecture at the University of Dhaka on the theory of radiation and the ultraviolet catastrophe, Bose intended to show his students that the contemporary theory was inadequate, because it predicted results not in accordance with experimental results.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: In the process of describing this discrepancy, Bose for the first time took the position that the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution would not be true for microscopic particles, where fluctuations due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle will be significant. Thus he stressed the probability of finding particles in the phase space, each state having volume , and discarding the distinct position and momentum of the particles.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: Bose adapted this lecture into a short article called "Planck's Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta" and sent it to Albert Einstein with the following letter:

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: Einstein agreed with him, translated Bose's papers "Planck's Law and Hypothesis of Light Quanta" into German, and had it published in "Zeitschrift für Physik" under Bose's name, in 1924.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: (2) Since the coins are distinct, there are two outcomes which produce a head and a tail. The probability of two heads is one-quarter.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: The reason Bose's interpretation produced accurate results was that since photons are indistinguishable from each other, one cannot treat any two photons having equal energy as being two distinct identifiable photons. By analogy if, in an alternate universe, coins were to behave like photons and other bosons, the probability of producing two heads would indeed be one-third (tail-head = head-tail).

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: Einstein adopted the idea and extended it to atoms. This led to the prediction of the existence of phenomena which became known as Bose–Einstein condensate, a dense collection of bosons (which are particles with integer spin, named after Bose), which was demonstrated to exist by experiment in 1995.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: After his stay in Europe, Bose returned to Dhaka in 1926. He did not have a doctorate, and so ordinarily, under the prevailing regulations, he would not be qualified for the post of Professor he applied for, but Einstein recommended him. He was then made Head of the Department of Physics at Dhaka University. He continued guiding and teaching at Dhaka University.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: Bose designed equipment himself for an X-ray crystallography laboratory. He set up laboratories and libraries to make the department a center of research in X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, magnetic properties of matter, optical spectroscopy, wireless, and unified field theories. He also published an equation of state for real gases with Meghnad Saha. He was also the Dean of the Faculty of Science at Dhaka University until 1945.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: Apart from physics, he did some research in biotechnology and literature (Bengali and English). He made deep studies in chemistry, geology, zoology, anthropology, engineering and other sciences. Being Bengali, he devoted significant time to promoting Bengali as a teaching language, translating scientific papers into it, and promoting the development of the region.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: In 1937, Rabindranath Tagore dedicated his only book on science, "Visva–Parichay", to Satyendra Nath Bose. Bose was honoured with title Padma Vibhushan by the Indian Government in 1954. In 1959, he was appointed as the National Professor, the highest honour in the country for a scholar, a position he held for 15 years. In 1986, the S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences was established by an act of Parliament, Government of India, in Salt Lake, Calcutta.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: Bose became an adviser to the then newly formed Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. He was the president of the Indian Physical Society and the National Institute of Science. He was elected general president of the Indian Science Congress. He was the vice-president and then the president of Indian Statistical Institute. In 1958, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was nominated as member of Rajya Sabha.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: Bosons, a class of elementary subatomic particles in particle physics were named by Dirac after Satyendra Nath Bose to commemorate his contributions to science.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: Although seven Nobel Prizes were awarded for research related to S N Bose's concepts of the boson, Bose–Einstein statistics and Bose–Einstein condensate, Bose himself was not awarded a Nobel Prize.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: When Bose himself was once asked that question, he simply replied, "I have got all the recognition I deserve"— probably because in the realms of science to which he belonged, what is important is not a Nobel, but whether one's name will live on in scientific discussions in the decades to come.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: One of the main academic buildings of University of Rajshahi, the No 1 science building has recently been named after him.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


Satyendra Nath Bose

Context: On 4 June 2022, Google honoured Bose by featuring him on a Google Doodle marking the 98th anniversary of Bose sending his quantum formulations to the German scientist Albert Einstein who recognised it as a significant discovery in quantum mechanics.

Question: সত্যেন্দ্রনাথ বসুর জন্মসাল কত ?


S. D. Burman

Context: Burman's compositions were sung by the leading singers of the era, including Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi, Geeta Dutt, Manna Dey, Hemant Kumar, Asha Bhosle, Shamshad Begum, Mukesh and Talat Mahmood. As a playback singer, Burman sang 14 Hindi and 13 Bengali film songs.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: Burman was born on 1 October 1906, in Comilla, Bengal Presidency (in present-day Bangladesh) to Rajkumari Nirmala Devi, the royal princess of Manipur and Mahamanyabar Rajkumar Nabadwipchandra Dev Burman of Tripura, son of Maharaja Ishanachandra Manikya Dev Burman, the Maharaja of Tripura. Sachin was the youngest of the five sons of his parents, who had nine children in all. His mother died when he was just two years of age.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: In 1934, he attended the All India Music Conference, at the invitation of Allahabad University, where he presented his Bengali Thumri, all to an illustrious audience, with the likes of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and the inimitable Abdul Karim Khan of Kirana Gharana. Later in the year, he was invited to Bengal Music Conference, Kolkata, which was inaugurated by Rabindranath Tagore, here again he sang his Thumri, and was awarded a Gold Medal.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: As a music composer, he started with the Bengali plays "Sati Tirtha" and "Janani", and eventually gave his first score in the film "Rajgee". In 1937, his second film "Rajkumarer Nirbashan" (1940) became a hit. He gave music in Bengali films such as "Protishodh" (1941), "Abhoyer Biye" (1942) and "Chaddobeshi" (1944) and only one Bengali film in 1969/70 after he permanently moved to Mumbai in 1946. He composed for over 20 Bengali films and 89 Hindi films in all.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: He made his film debut singing in "Yahudi ki Ladki" (1933) but the songs were scrapped and re-sung by Pahari Sanyal. His first film as a singer was finally "Sanjher Pidim" (1935).

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: Disillusioned with the materialism of Mumbai, Burman left the Ashok Kumar starred "Mashaal" (1950) incomplete and decided to board the first train back to Calcutta. Fortunately, he was dissuaded from doing so.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: When Guru Dutt made comparatively light-weight films like "Baazi" and "Jaal" (1952), Burman reflected their mood with compositions like "Suno Gajar Kya Gaye" or "De Bhi Chuke Hum" and when Guru Dutt made his sombre masterpieces – "Pyaasa" (1957) and "Kaagaz Ke Phool" (1959), he was right on target with "Jinhe Naaz Hai Hind" and "Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam." In 2004, the soundtrack "of Pyaasa" was chosen as one of "The Best Music in Film" by "Sight & Sound", the British Film Institute magazine.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: In 1957, S. D. Burman fell out with Lata Mangeshkar and adopted her younger sister Asha Bhosle as his lead female singer. The team of S. D. Burman, Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle and lyricist Majrooh Sultanpuri became popular for their duet songs. Bhosle later became his daughter-in-law after her marriage to R. D. Burman.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: Early on in his career, Burman refused to allow his voice to be lip-synced on film by actors; as a result, even later on, in Hindi cinema, his thin yet powerful voice was often used as bardic commentary to haunting results, as in "O Re Majhi Mere Sajan Hai Us Paar" from "Bandini" (1963), "Wahan Kaun Hai Tera" from "Guide" (1965), and "Saphal Hogi Teri Aradhana" from "Aradhana" (1969), for which he received the National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer in 1970.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: Ill health caused a slump in his career in the early 1960s, but he gave many hit films in the late 1960s. In 1961, Burman and Lata Mangeshkar came together during the recording of R.D. Burman's first song for the movie "Chhote Nawab" (1961). They reconciled their differences and started working again in 1962.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: References For the song "Mere Sapno ki raani", Sachin Dev made R. D. play the mouth organ. Dev Anand and S. D. Burman continued their musical partnership in "Prem Pujari" (1969).

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: "Tere Mere Sapne" (1971), "Ishq Par Zor Nahin" (1970), "Sharmeelee" (1971), "Abhimaan" (1973), "Prem Nagar" (1974), "Sagina" (1974), "Chupke Chupke" (1975), and "Mili" (1975) are some of Burman's classics from this decade.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: S. D. Burman married Bengali Film Lyricist and Musician, Meera Dasgupta on 10 February 1938. They had only one son, famous music composer, R. D. Burman who was born on 27 June 1939.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: S. D. Burman went into a coma soon after rehearsing the song "Badi Sooni Sooni Hai" (sung by Kishore Kumar) for the film Mili. He died on 31 October 1975 in Mumbai.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: British singer of South Asian heritage Najma Akhtar, recorded a Shanachie Records CD of Burman's work, "Forbidden Kiss: The Music of S.D. Burman," an album of covers of Burman compositions.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: The Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar was named after the composer by Sachin's father, who was an ardent fan of Burman.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: The singer and mimicry artist Sudesh Bhonsle frequently parodies the nasal high-pitched voice and quixotic singing style of S. D. Burman.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: SD Burman's first biography in English is "Incomparable Sachin Dev Burman". Written by HQ Chowdhury. It was published by Toitoomber from Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: On 1 October 2007, marking his 101st birth anniversary, the Indian Postal Service released a commemorative postage stamp, in Agartala, where an exhibition on his life and work was also inaugurated; the state government of Tripura also confers the yearly "Sachin Dev Burman Memorial Award" in music.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


S. D. Burman

Context: Sachin Dev Barman Memorial Government Music college was built in Agartala, Tripura in memory of him which is also affiliated by Tripura University and recognised by University Grant Commission.

Question: শচীন দেববর্মণ কত সালে প্রথম সঙ্গীত নাটক একাডেমি অ্যাওয়ার্ড পেয়েছিলেন ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert adopted and defended Georg Cantor's set theory and transfinite numbers. In 1900, he presented a collection of problems that set the course for much of the mathematical research of the 20th century.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert and his students contributed significantly to establishing rigor and developed important tools used in modern mathematical physics. Hilbert is known as one of the founders of proof theory and mathematical logic.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert, the first of two children and only son of Otto and Maria Therese (Erdtmann) Hilbert, was born in the Province of Prussia, Kingdom of Prussia, either in Königsberg (according to Hilbert's own statement) or in Wehlau (known since 1946 as Znamensk) near Königsberg where his father worked at the time of his birth.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert remained at the University of Königsberg as a "Privatdozent" (senior lecturer) from 1886 to 1895. In 1895, as a result of intervention on his behalf by Felix Klein, he obtained the position of Professor of Mathematics at the University of Göttingen. During the Klein and Hilbert years, Göttingen became the preeminent institution in the mathematical world. He remained there for the rest of his life.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Among Hilbert's students were Hermann Weyl, chess champion Emanuel Lasker, Ernst Zermelo, and Carl Gustav Hempel. John von Neumann was his assistant. At the University of Göttingen, Hilbert was surrounded by a social circle of some of the most important mathematicians of the 20th century, such as Emmy Noether and Alonzo Church.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Among his 69 Ph.D. students in Göttingen were many who later became famous mathematicians, including (with date of thesis): Otto Blumenthal (1898), Felix Bernstein (1901), Hermann Weyl (1908), Richard Courant (1910), Erich Hecke (1910), Hugo Steinhaus (1911), and Wilhelm Ackermann (1925). Between 1902 and 1939 Hilbert was editor of the "Mathematische Annalen", the leading mathematical journal of the time.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: In 1892, Hilbert married Käthe Jerosch (1864–1945), who was the daughter of a Königsberg merchant, an outspoken young lady with an independence of mind that matched [Hilbert's]." While at Königsberg they had their one child, (1893–1969).

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Franz suffered throughout his life from an undiagnosed mental illness. His inferior intellect was a terrible disappointment to his father and this misfortune was a matter of distress to the mathematicians and students at Göttingen.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Like Albert Einstein, Hilbert had closest contacts with the Berlin Group whose leading founders had studied under Hilbert in Göttingen (Kurt Grelling, Hans Reichenbach and Walter Dubislav).

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Around 1925, Hilbert developed pernicious anemia, a then-untreatable vitamin deficiency whose primary symptom is exhaustion; his assistant Eugene Wigner described him as subject to "enormous fatigue" and how he "seemed quite old", and that even after eventually being diagnosed and treated, he "was hardly a scientist after 1925, and certainly not a Hilbert."

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: About a year later, Hilbert attended a banquet and was seated next to the new Minister of Education, Bernhard Rust. Rust asked whether "the "Mathematical Institute" really suffered so much because of the departure of the Jews". Hilbert replied,

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: By the time Hilbert died in 1943, the Nazis had nearly completely restaffed the university, as many of the former faculty had either been Jewish or married to Jews. Hilbert's funeral was attended by fewer than a dozen people, only two of whom were fellow academics, among them Arnold Sommerfeld, a theoretical physicist and also a native of Königsberg. News of his death only became known to the wider world six months after he died.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: The epitaph on his tombstone in Göttingen consists of the famous lines he spoke at the conclusion of his retirement address to the Society of German Scientists and Physicians on 8 September 1930. The words were given in response to the Latin maxim: "Ignoramus et ignorabimus" or "We do not know, we shall not know":

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert sent his results to the "Mathematische Annalen". Gordan, the house expert on the theory of invariants for the "Mathematische Annalen", could not appreciate the revolutionary nature of Hilbert's theorem and rejected the article, criticizing the exposition because it was insufficiently comprehensive. His comment was:

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Klein, on the other hand, recognized the importance of the work, and guaranteed that it would be published without any alterations. Encouraged by Klein, Hilbert extended his method in a second article, providing estimations on the maximum degree of the minimum set of generators, and he sent it once more to the "Annalen". After having read the manuscript, Klein wrote to him, saying:

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Later, after the usefulness of Hilbert's method was universally recognized, Gordan himself would say:

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert first enumerates the undefined concepts: point, line, plane, lying on (a relation between points and lines, points and planes, and lines and planes), betweenness, congruence of pairs of points (line segments), and congruence of angles. The axioms unify both the plane geometry and solid geometry of Euclid in a single system.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert put forth a most influential list of 23 unsolved problems at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris in 1900. This is generally reckoned as the most successful and deeply considered compilation of open problems ever to be produced by an individual mathematician.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: After re-working the foundations of classical geometry, Hilbert could have extrapolated to the rest of mathematics. His approach differed, however, from the later 'foundationalist' Russell–Whitehead or 'encyclopedist' Nicolas Bourbaki, and from his contemporary Giuseppe Peano. The mathematical community as a whole could enlist in problems, which he had identified as crucial aspects of the areas of mathematics he took to be key.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: The problem set was launched as a talk "The Problems of Mathematics" presented during the course of the Second International Congress of Mathematicians held in Paris. The introduction of the speech that Hilbert gave said:

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: He presented fewer than half the problems at the Congress, which were published in the acts of the Congress. In a subsequent publication, he extended the panorama, and arrived at the formulation of the now-canonical 23 Problems of Hilbert. See also Hilbert's twenty-fourth problem. The full text is important, since the exegesis of the questions still can be a matter of inevitable debate, whenever it is asked how many have been solved.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Some of these were solved within a short time. Others have been discussed throughout the 20th century, with a few now taken to be unsuitably open-ended to come to closure. Some even continue to this day to remain a challenge for mathematicians.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: In an account that had become standard by the mid-century, Hilbert's problem set was also a kind of manifesto, that opened the way for the development of the formalist school, one of three major schools of mathematics of the 20th century. According to the formalist, mathematics is manipulation of symbols according to agreed upon formal rules. It is therefore an autonomous activity of thought. There is, however, room to doubt whether Hilbert's own views were simplistically formalist in this sense.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: In 1920, Hilbert proposed a research project in metamathematics that became known as Hilbert's program. He wanted mathematics to be formulated on a solid and complete logical foundation. He believed that in principle this could be done by showing that:

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: He seems to have had both technical and philosophical reasons for formulating this proposal. It affirmed his dislike of what had become known as the ignorabimus, still an active issue in his time in German thought, and traced back in that formulation to Emil du Bois-Reymond.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert published his views on the foundations of mathematics in the 2-volume work, Grundlagen der Mathematik.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert and the mathematicians who worked with him in his enterprise were committed to the project. His attempt to support axiomatized mathematics with definitive principles, which could banish theoretical uncertainties, ended in failure.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Gödel demonstrated that any non-contradictory formal system, which was comprehensive enough to include at least arithmetic, cannot demonstrate its completeness by way of its own axioms. In 1931 his incompleteness theorem showed that Hilbert's grand plan was impossible as stated. The second point cannot in any reasonable way be combined with the first point, as long as the axiom system is genuinely finitary.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Around 1909, Hilbert dedicated himself to the study of differential and integral equations; his work had direct consequences for important parts of modern functional analysis. In order to carry out these studies, Hilbert introduced the concept of an infinite dimensional Euclidean space, later called Hilbert space. His work in this part of analysis provided the basis for important contributions to the mathematics of physics in the next two decades, though from an unanticipated direction.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Later on, Stefan Banach amplified the concept, defining Banach spaces. Hilbert spaces are an important class of objects in the area of functional analysis, particularly of the spectral theory of self-adjoint linear operators, that grew up around it during the 20th century.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Until 1912, Hilbert was almost exclusively a pure mathematician. When planning a visit from Bonn, where he was immersed in studying physics, his fellow mathematician and friend Hermann Minkowski joked he had to spend 10 days in quarantine before being able to visit Hilbert. In fact, Minkowski seems responsible for most of Hilbert's physics investigations prior to 1912, including their joint seminar on the subject in 1905.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: In 1912, three years after his friend's death, Hilbert turned his focus to the subject almost exclusively. He arranged to have a "physics tutor" for himself. He started studying kinetic gas theory and moved on to elementary radiation theory and the molecular theory of matter. Even after the war started in 1914, he continued seminars and classes where the works of Albert Einstein and others were followed closely.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: He made a series of conjectures on class field theory. The concepts were highly influential, and his own contribution lives on in the names of the Hilbert class field and of the Hilbert symbol of local class field theory. Results were mostly proved by 1930, after work by Teiji Takagi.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


David Hilbert

Context: Hilbert did not work in the central areas of analytic number theory, but his name has become known for the Hilbert–Pólya conjecture, for reasons that are anecdotal.

Question: জার্মান গণিতবিদ ডাভিড হিলবের্ট রচিত প্রথম গ্রন্থের নাম কী ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray was born in Calcutta to renowned writer Sukumar Ray, who was prominent in the field of arts and literature. Starting his career as a commercial artist, he was drawn into independent film-making after meeting French filmmaker Jean Renoir and viewing Vittorio De Sica's Italian neorealist film "Bicycle Thieves" (1948) during a visit to London.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray directed 36 films, including feature films, documentaries and shorts. He also authored several short stories and novels, primarily for young children and teenagers. Popular characters created by Ray include Feluda the sleuth, Professor Shonku the scientist, Tarini Khuro the storyteller, and Lalmohan Ganguly the novelist. He is also known for his horror stories.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray's first film, "Pather Panchali" (1955) - based off of the 1929 novel by Bibhutibhushan Banerjee - won eleven international prizes, including the inaugural Best Human Document award at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival. This film, along with "Aparajito" (1956) and "Apur Sansar" ("The World of Apu") (1959), form "The Apu Trilogy". Ray did the scripting, casting, scoring, and editing, and designed his own credit titles and publicity material.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray received many major awards in his career, including 36 Indian National Film Awards, a Golden Lion, a Golden Bear, 2 Silver Bears, many additional awards at international film festivals and ceremonies, and an Academy Honorary Award in 1992. In 1978, he was awarded an honorary degree by Oxford University. The Government of India honoured him with the Bharat Ratna, its highest civilian award, in 1992.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Satyajit Ray's ancestry can be traced back for at least ten generations. His family had acquired the name 'Ray' (originally 'Rai') from the Mughals. Although they were Bengali Kayasthas, the Rays were 'Vaishnavas' (worshippers of Vishnu), as opposed to the majority of Bengali Kayasthas who were 'Shaktos' (worshippers of the Shakti or Shiva).

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Satyajit Ray's grandfather, Upendrakishore Ray, was a writer, illustrator, philosopher, publisher, amateur astronomer, and a leader of the Brahmo Samaj, a religious and social movement in 19th-century Bengal. He also set up a printing press by the name of U. Ray and Sons, which formed a crucial backdrop to Satyajit's life.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Sukumar Ray, Upendrakishore's son and father of Satyajit, was an illustrator, critic, and a pioneering Bengali writer of nonsense rhyme ("Abol Tabol") and children's literature. Social worker and children's book author Shukhalata Rao was his aunt.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Satyajit Ray was born to Sukumar and Suprabha Ray in Calcutta (now Kolkata). Sukumar died when Satyajit was barely three, and the family survived on Suprabha Ray's meager income. Ray studied at Ballygunge Government High School in Calcutta, and completed his BA in economics at Presidency College, Calcutta (then affiliated with the University of Calcutta), though his interest was always in the fine arts.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In 1940, his mother insisted that he study at Visva-Bharati University in Santiniketan, founded by Rabindranath Tagore. Ray was reluctant to go, due to his fondness for Calcutta and the low regard for the intellectual life at Santiniketan. His mother's persuasiveness and his respect for Tagore finally convinced him to try.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In Santiniketan, Ray came to appreciate Oriental art. He later admitted that he learned much from the famous painters Nandalal Bose and Benode Behari Mukherjee. He later produced a documentary, "The Inner Eye," about Mukherjee. His visits to Ajanta, Ellora and Elephanta stimulated his admiration for Indian art.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In 1949, Ray married Bijoya Das, his first cousin and long-time sweetheart. The couple had a son, Sandip Ray, a film director. In the same year, French director Jean Renoir came to Calcutta to shoot his film "The River". Ray helped him to find locations in the countryside. Ray told Renoir about his idea of filming "Pather Panchali", which had long been on his mind, and Renoir encouraged him in the project.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In 1950, D.J. Keymer sent Ray to London to work at the headquarters. During his six months in London, Ray watched 99 films. Among these was the neorealist film "Ladri di biciclette" ("Bicycle Thieves") (1948) by Vittorio De Sica, which had a profound impact on him. Ray later said that he walked out of the theatre determined to become a filmmaker.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: After being "deeply moved" by "Pather Panchali", the 1928 classic "Bildungsroman" of Bengali literature, Ray decided to adapt it for his first film. "Pather Panchali" is a semi-autobiographical novel describing the maturation of Apu, a small boy in a Bengal village.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray showed an early film passage to the American director John Huston, who was in India scouting locations for "The Man Who Would Be King". Impressed with what he saw, Huston notified Monroe Wheeler at the New York Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) that a major talent was on the horizon.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: A film still of Apu having his hair brushed by his sister Durga and mother Sarbojaya was featured in "The Family of Man", a MoMA exhibition that was seen by 9 million visitors. Of the thirteen exhibition images depicting India, it was the only one taken by an Indian photographer. Curator Edward Steichen credited it to Ray, but it was likely taken by the film's cinematographer, Subrata Mitra.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray directed and released two other films in 1958: the comic "Parash Pathar" ("The Philosopher's Stone"), and "Jalsaghar" ("The Music Room"), a film about the decadence of the Zamindars, considered one of his most important works. "Timeout" magazine gave "Jalsaghar" a positive review, describing it as "slow, rapt and hypnotic".

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Despite Ray's success, it had little influence on his personal life in the years to come. He continued to live with his wife and children in a rented house, with his mother, uncle and other members of his extended family.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: During this period, Ray made films about the British Raj period, a documentary on Tagore, a comic film ("Mahapurush") and his first film from an original screenplay ('Kanchenjungha'). He also made a series of films that, taken together, are considered by critics among the most deeply felt portrayals of Indian women on screen.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray followed "Apur Sansar" with 1960's "Devi" ("The Goddess"), a film in which he examined the superstitions in Hindu society. Sharmila Tagore starred as Doyamoyee, a young wife who is deified by her father-in-law. Ray was worried that the Central Board of Film Certification might block his film, or at least make him re-cut it, but "Devi" was spared. Upon international distribution, the critic from "Chicago Reader" described the film as "full of sensuality and ironic undertones".

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In 1961, on the insistence of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Ray was commissioned to make "Rabindranath Tagore", based on the poet of the same name, on the occasion of his birth centennial, a tribute to the person who likely most influenced Ray. Due to limited footage of Tagore, Ray was challenged by the necessity of making the film mainly with static material. He said that it took as much work as three feature films.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In 1962, Ray directed "Kanchenjungha," Based on his first original screenplay, it was also his first colour film. It tells the story of an upper-class family spending an afternoon in Darjeeling, a picturesque hill town in West Bengal. They try to arrange the engagement of their youngest daughter to a highly paid engineer educated in London.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Also in the 1960s, Ray visited Japan and took pleasure in meeting filmmaker Akira Kurosawa, whom he highly regarded.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In the post-"Charulata" period, Ray took on various projects, from fantasy, science fiction, and detective stories to historical dramas. Ray also experimented during this period, exploring contemporary issues of Indian life in response to the perceived lack of these issues in his films.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: The first major film in this period is 1966's "Nayak" ("The Hero"), the story of a screen hero travelling in a train and meeting a young, sympathetic female journalist. Starring Uttam Kumar and Sharmila Tagore, in the twenty-four hours of the journey, the film explores the inner conflict of the apparently highly successful matinée idol. Although the film received a "Critics Prize" at the Berlin International Film Festival, it had a generally muted reception.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Also in the 1970s, Ray adapted two of his popular stories as detective films. Although mainly aimed at children and young adults, both "Sonar Kella" ("The Golden Fortress") and "Joi Baba Felunath" ("The Elephant God") became cult favorites. In a 2019 review of "Sonar Kella", critic Rouven Linnarz was impressed with its use of Indian classical instruments to generate "mysterious progression".

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In 1980, Ray made a sequel to "Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne", a somewhat political "Hirak Rajar Deshe" ("Kingdom of Diamonds"). The kingdom of the evil Diamond King, or "Hirok Raj," is an allusion to India during Indira Gandhi's emergency period. Along with his acclaimed short film "Pikoo" ("Pikoo's Diary") and hour-long Hindi film, "Sadgati," this was the culmination of his work in this period.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In 1987, Ray recovered to an extent to direct the 1990 film "Shakha Proshakha" ("Branches of the Tree"). It depicts an old man, who has lived a life of honesty, and learns of the corruption of three of his sons. The final scene shows the father finding solace only in the companionship of his fourth son, who is uncorrupted but mentally ill due to a head injury sustained while he was studying in England.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray's last film, "Agantuk" ("The Stranger"), is lighter in mood but not in theme; when a long-lost uncle arrives to visit his niece in Calcutta, he arouses suspicion as to his motive. It provokes far-ranging questions in the film about civilisation. Critic Hal Hinson was impressed, and thought "Agantuk" shows "all the virtues of a master artist in full maturity".

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: A heavy smoker but non-drinker, Ray valued work more than anything else. He would work 12 hours a day, and go to bed at two o'clock in the morning. He also enjoyed collecting antiques, manuscripts, rare gramophone records, paintings and rare books.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In 1992, Ray's health deteriorated due to heart complications. He was admitted to a hospital but never recovered. Twenty-four days before his death, Ray was presented with an Honorary Academy Award by Audrey Hepburn via video-link; he was in gravely ill condition, but gave an acceptance speech, calling it the "best achievement of [his] movie-making career." He died on 23 April 1992, 9 days before his 71st birthday.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray created two popular fictional characters in Bengali children's literature— Pradosh Chandra Mitter (Mitra) alias Feluda, a sleuth, and Professor Shonku, a scientist. The Feluda stories are narrated by Tapesh Ranjan Mitra aka Topshe, his teenage cousin, something of a Watson to Feluda's Holmes. The science fiction stories of Shonku are presented as a diary discovered after the scientist had mysteriously disappeared.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray also wrote a collection of nonsense verse named "Today Bandha Ghorar Dim," which includes a translation of Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky". He wrote a collection of humorous stories of Mullah Nasiruddin in Bengali.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray designed four typefaces for roman script named Ray Roman, Ray Bizarre, Daphnis, and Holiday script, apart from numerous Bengali ones for the "Sandesh" magazine. Ray Roman and Ray Bizarre won an international competition in 1971.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Thus, so-called division between classical and folk art is blurred in Ray's representation of Bengali graphemes. The three-tier X-height of Bengali graphemes was presented in a manner of musical map and the contours, curves in between horizontal and vertical meeting-point, follow the patterns of alpana. It is also noticed that the metamorphosis of graphemes (this might be designated as "Archewriting") as a living object/subject in Ray's positive manipulation of Bengali graphemes.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: As a graphic designer, Ray designed most of his film posters, combining folk art and calligraphy to create themes ranging from mysterious, surreal to comical; an exhibition for his posters was held at British Film Institute in 2013. He would master every style of visual art, and could mimic any painter, as evidenced in his book and magazine covers, posters, literary illustrations and advertisement campaigns.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray considered script-writing to be an integral part of direction. Initially he refused to make a film in any language other than Bengali. In his two non-Bengali feature films, he wrote the script in English; translators adapted it into Hindustani under Ray's supervision.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: Ray's regular film editor was Dulal Datta, but the director usually dictated the editing while Datta did the actual work. Due to finances and Ray's meticulous planning, his films (apart from "Pather Panchali") were mostly cut in-camera.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: On 23 February 2021 on the year of Satyajit Ray's birth centenary, the Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Prakash Javadekar announced that the central government would institute an award in the name of Satyajit Ray. The award is to be on a par with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In 52nd International Film Festival of India, on the occasion of his birth centenary, the Directorate of Film Festivals will pay tribute to him through a 'Special Retrospective'.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Satyajit Ray

Context: In recognition of the auteur’s legacy, Lifetime Achievement Award was named as ‘Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award’ from 2021, to be given at the festival.

Question: বিশিষ্ট চলচ্চিত্র পরিচালক ও লেখক সত্যজিৎ রায় কবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ?


Army Cadet College

Context: The Army Cadet College (ACC) is an defence service training institution which trains defence service personnel for the Indian Army.

Question: সামরিক বাহিনী পরিচালিত "ক্যাডেট কলেজ" কত সালে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয় ?


Army Cadet College

Context: The selection for admission to ACC is based on a written test and subsequent selection via Services Selection Board. ACC has been in operation for 80 years now and has graduated some notable alumni. The first course at IMA comprising 40 GCs (Gentleman Cadets, as trainees are called) included 15 from the erstwhile Kitchener College that became the ACC.

Question: সামরিক বাহিনী পরিচালিত "ক্যাডেট কলেজ" কত সালে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয় ?