Advertising

Context: With the advent of the ad server, online advertising grew, contributing to the "dot-com" boom of the 1990s. Entire corporations operated solely on advertising revenue, offering everything from coupons to free Internet access. At the turn of the 21st century, some websites, including the search engine Google, changed online advertising by personalizing ads based on web browsing behavior. This has led to other similar efforts and an increase in interactive advertising.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: The advertising business model has also been adapted in recent years. In media for equity, advertising is not sold, but provided to start-up companies in return for equity. If the company grows and is sold, the media companies receive cash for their shares.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: A new advertising approach is known as advanced advertising, which is data-driven advertising, using large quantities of data, precise measuring tools and precise targeting. Advanced advertising also makes it easier for companies which sell ad-space to attribute customer purchases to the ads they display or broadcast.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Increasingly, other media are overtaking many of the "traditional" media such as television, radio and newspaper because of a shift toward the usage of the Internet for news and music as well as devices like digital video recorders (DVRs) such as TiVo.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Online advertising began with unsolicited bulk e-mail advertising known as "e-mail spam". Spam has been a problem for e-mail users since 1978. As new online communication channels became available, advertising followed. The first banner ad appeared on the World Wide Web in 1994. Prices of Web-based advertising space are dependent on the "relevance" of the surrounding web content and the traffic that the website receives.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: In online display advertising, display ads generate awareness quickly. Unlike search, which requires someone to be aware of a need, display advertising can drive awareness of something new and without previous knowledge. Display works well for direct response. Display is not only used for generating awareness, it's used for direct response campaigns that link to a landing page with a clear 'call to action'.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: As the mobile phone became a new mass medium in 1998 when the first paid downloadable content appeared on mobile phones in Finland, mobile advertising followed, also first launched in Finland in 2000. By 2007 the value of mobile advertising had reached $2 billion and providers such as Admob delivered billions of mobile ads.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: More advanced mobile ads include banner ads, coupons, Multimedia Messaging Service picture and video messages, advergames and various engagement marketing campaigns. A particular feature driving mobile ads is the 2D barcode, which replaces the need to do any typing of web addresses, and uses the camera feature of modern phones to gain immediate access to web content. 83 percent of Japanese mobile phone users already are active users of 2D barcodes.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Some companies have proposed placing messages or corporate logos on the side of booster rockets and the International Space Station.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Early in its life, The CW aired short programming breaks called "Content Wraps", to advertise one company's product during an entire commercial break. The CW pioneered "content wraps" and some products featured were Herbal Essences, Crest, Guitar Hero II, CoverGirl, and Toyota.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Controversy exists on the effectiveness of subliminal advertising (see mind control), and the pervasiveness of mass messages (propaganda).

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Niche marketing could also be helped by bringing the issue of colour into advertisements. Different colours play major roles when it comes to marketing strategies, for example, seeing the blue can promote a sense of calmness and gives a sense of security which is why many social networks such as Facebook use blue in their logos.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Google AdSense is an example of niche marketing. Google calculates the primary purpose of a website and adjusts ads accordingly; it uses keywords on the page (or even in emails) to find the general ideas of topics disused and places ads that will most likely be clicked on by viewers of the email account or website visitors.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: This trend has given rise to several online platforms that host user-generated advertising competitions on behalf of a company. Founded in 2007, Zooppa has launched ad competitions for brands such as Google, Nike, Hershey's, General Mills, Microsoft, NBC Universal, Zinio, and Mini Cooper. Crowdsourcing remains controversial, as the long-term impact on the advertising industry is still unclear.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Advertising research is key to determining the success of an ad in any country or region. The ability to identify which elements and/or moments of an ad contribute to its success is how economies of scale are maximized. Once one knows what works in an ad, that idea or ideas can be imported by any other market. Market research measures, such as , and provide insight into what is working in an ad in any country or region because the measures are based on the visual, not verbal, elements of the ad.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: In the realm of advertising agencies, continued industry diversification has seen observers note that "big global clients don't need big global agencies any more". This is reflected by the growth of non-traditional agencies in various global markets, such as Canadian business TAXI and SMART in Australia and has been referred to as "a revolution in the ad world".

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: The ability to record shows on digital video recorders (such as TiVo) allow watchers to record the programs for later viewing, enabling them to fast forward through commercials. Additionally, as more seasons of pre-recorded box sets are offered for sale of television programs; fewer people watch the shows on TV. However, the fact that these sets are sold, means the company will receive additional profits from these sets.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: To counter this effect, a variety of strategies have been employed. Many advertisers have opted for product placement on TV shows like Survivor. Other strategies include integrating advertising with internet-connected program guidess (EPGs), advertising on companion devices (like smartphones and tablets) during the show, and creating mobile apps for TV programs. Additionally, some like brands have opted for social television sponsorship.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: In recent years there have been several media literacy initiatives, and more specifically concerning advertising, that seek to empower citizens in the face of media advertising campaigns.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Sales promotions are another way to advertise. Sales promotions are double purposed because they are used to gather information about what type of customers one draws in and where they are, and to jump start sales. Sales promotions include things like contests and games, sweepstakes, product giveaways, samples coupons, loyalty programs, and discounts. The ultimate goal of sales promotions is to stimulate potential customers to action.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: A 2021 study found that for more than 80% of brands, advertising had a negative return on investment. Unsolicited ads have been criticized as attention theft.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: There have been increasing efforts to protect the public interest by regulating the content and the influence of advertising. Some examples include restrictions for advertising alcohol, tobacco or gambling imposed in many countries, as well as the bans around advertising to children, which exist in parts of Europe. Advertising regulation focuses heavily on the veracity of the claims and as such, there are often tighter restrictions placed around advertisements for food and healthcare products.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: The advertising industries within some countries rely less on laws and more on systems of self-regulation. Advertisers and the media agree on a code of advertising standards that they attempt to uphold. The general aim of such codes is to ensure that any advertising is 'legal, decent, honest and truthful'. Some self-regulatory organizations are funded by the industry, but remain independent, with the intent of upholding the standards or codes like the Advertising Standards Authority in the UK.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Some governments restrict the languages that can be used in advertisements, but advertisers may employ tricks to try avoiding them. In France for instance, advertisers sometimes print English words in bold and French translations in fine print to deal with Article 120 of the 1994 Toubon Law limiting the use of English.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: The advertising of pricing information is another topic of concern for governments. In the United States for instance, it is common for businesses to only mention the existence and amount of applicable taxes at a later stage of a transaction. In Canada and New Zealand, taxes can be listed as separate items, as long as they are quoted up-front. In most other countries, the advertised price must include all applicable taxes, enabling customers to easily know how much it will cost them.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Various competing models of hierarchies of effects attempt to provide a theoretical underpinning to advertising practice.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: In the 1990s, the concept of four Cs was introduced as a more customer-driven replacement of four P's. There are two theories based on four Cs: Lauterborn's four Cs ("consumer", "cost", "communication", "convenience")

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: and Shimizu's four Cs ("commodity", "cost", "communication", "channel") in the 7Cs Compass Model (Co-marketing). Communications can include advertising, sales promotion, public relations, publicity, personal selling, corporate identity, internal communication, SNS, and MIS.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Advertising research is a specialized form of research that works to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of advertising. It entails numerous forms of research which employ different methodologies. Advertising research includes pre-testing (also known as copy testing) and post-testing of ads and/or campaigns.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Pre-testing includes a wide range of qualitative and quantitative techniques, including: focus groups, in-depth target audience interviews (one-on-one interviews), small-scale quantitative studies and physiological measurement. The goal of these investigations is to better understand how different groups respond to various messages and visual prompts, thereby providing an assessment of how well the advertisement meets its communications goals.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Post-testing employs many of the same techniques as pre-testing, usually with a focus on understanding the change in awareness or attitude attributable to the advertisement. With the emergence of digital advertising technologies, many firms have begun to continuously post-test ads using real-time data. This may take the form of A/B split-testing or multivariate testing.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Continuous ad tracking and the Communicus System are competing examples of post-testing advertising research types.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Voiceovers are commonly used in advertising. Most voiceovers are done by men, with figures of up to 94% having been reported. There have been more female voiceovers in recent years, but mainly for food, household products, and feminine-care products.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Advertising

Context: Other approaches to revenue include donations, paid subscriptions and microtransactions. Websites and applications are "ad-free" when not using advertisements at all for revenue. For example, the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia provides free content by receiving funding from charitable donations.

Question: 최초의 광고 대행 업체는 무엇인가?


Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)

Context: With the development moving forward, John D. Rockefeller Jr. replaced the opera house development with the Rockefeller Center complex; this included a 70-story skyscraper, the RCA Building, which opened in 1933. Young Rockefeller Center architect Wallace Harrison would be approached some 20 years later by officers of the New York Philharmonic Society and the Met to develop a new home for both institutions.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 오페라 홀은 어디인가?


Context: The opera house has been featured in a number of movies and television programs, including the climax of Norman Jewison's 1987 film "Moonstruck". In addition to regular Metropolitan Opera radio and television broadcasts, several other television programs have been produced at the Metropolitan Opera House including "Danny Kaye's Look-In at the Metropolitan Opera" (CBS, 1975) and "Sills and Burnett at the Met" (CBS, 1976). In 1999 and 2001, the Opera House was the venue for the MTV Video Music Awards.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 오페라 홀은 어디인가?


Context: The building is clad in white travertine and the east facade is graced with its distinctive series of five concrete arches and large glass and bronze facade, towering 96 feet above the plaza. On the north, south and west sides of the building, hundreds of vertical fins of travertine running the full height of the structure give the impression that the facade is an uninterrupted mass of travertine when viewed from certain angles. The building totals 14 stories, 5 of which are underground.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 오페라 홀은 어디인가?


Context: On display in the lobby, and visible to the outside plaza, are two murals created for the space by Marc Chagall. The murals are approximately by . The south wall holds the work entitled "The Triumph of Music" while the north wall contains "The Sources of Music". In 2009, the Met's board of directors decided to use the paintings as collateral for a long-term loan which previously relied on cash for backing. Some sources estimate the value of the paintings at $20 million.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 오페라 홀은 어디인가?


Rungrado 1st of May Stadium

Context: The stadium is currently used for football matches, a few athletics events, and most often for the mass games of the Arirang Festival.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 미식축구 경기장은 어디인가?


Rungrado 1st of May Stadium

Context: The stadium's scalloped roof features 16 arches arranged in a ring, and resembles a magnolia blossom. It hosts events on a main pitch covering . Its total floor space is over across eight stories, and the lobes of its roof peak at more than above the ground. The stadium was originally built with an official capacity of 150,000. After a 2014 remodel which included the replacement of some bench seating with individual seats, observers estimated a new capacity of approximately 114,000.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 미식축구 경기장은 어디인가?


Rungrado 1st of May Stadium

Context: After the 1988 Summer Olympics had been awarded to Seoul, North Korea intensified its efforts to present itself as the legitimate Korean state. As part of these efforts, it successfully bid to organize the 13th World Festival of Youth and Students in Pyongyang in 1989. Massive construction projects were initiated in preparation for the festival, one of which was the Rungrado 1st of May Stadium. At the time of completion, it was the largest stadium ever built in Asia.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 미식축구 경기장은 어디인가?


Rungrado 1st of May Stadium

Context: "Collision in Korea", the largest professional wrestling pay-per-view event ever, was held at Rungrado Stadium on April 28-29, 1995. Attendance was 150,000 and 190,000, respectively, according to local authorities.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 미식축구 경기장은 어디인가?


Rungrado 1st of May Stadium

Context: After a two-year renovation project, the stadium reopened in 2015. In July 2017, the Rungrado Stadium played host to six group stage matches as part of 2018 AFC U-23 Championship qualification.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 미식축구 경기장은 어디인가?


Rungrado 1st of May Stadium

Context: In the September 2018 inter-Korean summit in Pyongyang, President Moon Jae-in of South Korea gave a speech with Chairman Kim Jong-un to 150,000 North Korean spectators. The speech has themes of unification, peace, and cooperation.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 미식축구 경기장은 어디인가?


Rungrado 1st of May Stadium

Context: In July 2019, Kim Jong-un hosted Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping to a special Grand Mass Gymnastics and Artistic performance called "Invincible Socialism", on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of China–North Korea relations.

Question: 세상에서 가장 큰 미식축구 경기장은 어디인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: These are also called the Astika (theistic) philosophical traditions and are those that accept the Vedas as an authoritative, important source of knowledge. Ancient and medieval India was also the source of philosophies that share philosophical concepts but rejected the Vedas, and these have been called "nāstika" (heterodox or non-orthodox) Indian philosophies. Nāstika Indian philosophies include Buddhism, Jainism, Chārvāka, Ājīvika, and others.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Each school of Hindu philosophy has extensive epistemological literature called "pramāṇaśāstras", as well as theories on metaphysics, axiology, and other topics.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: In the history of India, the six orthodox schools had emerged before the start of the Common Era, and some schools emerged possibly even before the Buddha. Some scholars have questioned whether the orthodox and heterodox schools classification is sufficient or accurate, given the diversity and evolution of views within each major school of Indian philosophy, with some sub-schools combining heterodox and orthodox views.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Since ancient times, Indian philosophy has been categorized into "āstika" and "nāstika" schools of thought. The orthodox schools of Indian philosophy have been called ṣaḍdarśana ("six systems"). This schema was created between the 12th and 16th centuries by Vedantins. It was then adopted by the early Western Indologists, and pervades modern understandings of Indian philosophy.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: There are six āstika (orthodox) schools of thought. Each is called a darśana, and each darśana accepts the Vedas as authority. Each astika darsana also accepts the premise that "Atman" (eternal Self) exists. The schools of philosophy are:

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Schools that do not accept the authority of the Vedas are nāstika philosophies, of which four (heterodox) schools are prominent:

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Besides the major orthodox and non-orthodox schools, there have existed syncretic sub-schools that have combined ideas and introduced new ones of their own. The medieval scholar Madhavacharya, identified by some as Vidyaranya, in his book 'Sarva-Darsana-Sangraha', includes the following, along with Buddhism and Jainism, as sub-schools of Hindu philosophy:

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: The above sub-schools introduced their own ideas while adopting concepts from orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy such as realism of the Nyāya, naturalism of Vaiśeṣika, monism and knowledge of Self (Atman) as essential to liberation of Advaita, self-discipline of Yoga, asceticism and elements of theistic ideas. Some sub-schools share Tantric ideas with those found in some Buddhist traditions.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Epistemology is called pramāṇa. It has been a key, much debated field of study in Hinduism since ancient times. Pramāṇa is a Hindu theory of knowledge and discusses the valid means by which human beings can gain accurate knowledge. The focus of pramāṇa is how correct knowledge can be acquired, how one knows, how one doesn't, and to what extent knowledge pertinent about someone or something can be acquired.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Ancient and medieval Hindu texts identify six pramāṇas as correct means of accurate knowledge and truths:

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Samkhya is the oldest of the orthodox philosophical systems in Hinduism, with origins in the 1st millennium BCE. It is a rationalist school of Indian philosophy, and had a strong influence on other schools of Indian philosophies. Sāmkhya is an enumerationist philosophy whose epistemology accepted three of six "pramāṇas" as the only reliable means of gaining knowledge. These were "pratyakṣa" (perception), "anumāṇa" (inference) and "sabda" ("Āptavacana", word/testimony of reliable sources).

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: The "Samkhya karika", one of the key texts of this school of Hindu philosophy, opens by stating its goal to be "three kinds of human suffering" and means to prevent them. The text then presents a distillation of its theories on epistemology, metaphysics, axiology and soteriology. For example, it states,

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: The soteriology in Samkhya aims at the realization of Puruṣa as distinct from Prakriti; this knowledge of the Self is held to end transmigration and lead to absolute freedom (kaivalya).

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: The universe is conceptualized as a duality in Yoga school: puruṣa (witness-consciousness) and prakṛti (mind, perception, matter); however, the Yoga school discusses this concept more generically as "seer, experiencer" and "seen, experienced" than the Samkhya school.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: A key text of the Yoga school is the "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali". Patanjali may have been, as Max Müller explains, "the author or representative of the Yoga-philosophy without being necessarily the author of the Sutras." Hindu philosophy recognizes many types of Yoga, such as rāja yoga, jñāna yoga, karma yoga, bhakti yoga, tantra yoga, mantra yoga, laya yoga, and hatha yoga.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: The Vaiśeṣika school is related to the Nyāya school but features differences in its epistemology, metaphysics and ontology. The epistemology of the Vaiśeṣika school, like Buddhism, accepted only two means to knowledge as reliable – perception and inference. The Vaiśeṣika school and Buddhism both consider their respective scriptures as indisputable and valid means to knowledge, the difference being that the scriptures held to be a valid and reliable source by Vaiśeṣikas were the Vedas.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: The Nyāya school is a realist āstika philosophy. The school's most significant contributions to Indian philosophy were its systematic development of the theory of logic, methodology, and its treatises on epistemology. The foundational text of the Nyāya school is the "Nyāya Sūtras" of the first millennium BCE. The text is credited to Aksapada Gautama and its composition is variously dated between the sixth and second centuries BCE.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Nyāya epistemology accepts four out of six "prāmaṇas" as reliable means of gaining knowledge – "pratyakṣa" (perception), "anumāṇa" (inference), "upamāṇa" (comparison and analogy) and "śabda" (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts).

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: The Mīmāṃsā school emphasized hermeneutics and exegesis. It is a form of philosophical realism. Key texts of the Mīmāṃsā school are the "Purva Mimamsa Sutras" of Jaimini. The classical Mīmāṃsā school is sometimes referred to as "pūrvamīmāṃsā" or "Karmamīmāṃsā" in reference to the first part of the Vedas.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Dvaita refers to a theistic sub-school in Vedanta tradition of Hindu philosophy. Also called as "Tattvavāda" and "Bimbapratibimbavāda", the Dvaita sub-school was founded by the 13th-century scholar Madhvacharya. The Dvaita Vedanta school believes that God (Vishnu, Paramatman) and the individual Selfs (Atman) (jīvātman) exist as independent realities, and these are distinct.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534), stated that the Self or energy of God is both distinct and non-distinct from God, whom he identified as Krishna, Govinda, and that this, although unthinkable, may be experienced through a process of loving devotion ("bhakti"). He followed the Dvaita concept of Madhvacharya. This philosophy of "inconceivable oneness and difference".

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: The Cārvāka school is one of the nāstika or "heterodox" philosophies . It rejects supernaturalism, emphasizes materialism and philosophical skepticism, holding empiricism, perception and conditional inference as the proper source of knowledge Cārvāka is an atheistic school of thought. It holds that there is neither afterlife nor rebirth, all existence is mere combination of atoms and substances, feelings and mind are an epiphenomenon, and free will exists.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: One of the widely studied principles of Cārvāka philosophy was its rejection of inference as a means to establish valid, universal knowledge, and metaphysical truths. In other words, the Cārvāka epistemology states that whenever one infers a truth from a set of observations or truths, one must acknowledge doubt; inferred knowledge is conditional.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the " Upanishad" (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist ("abheda"), dualist ("bheda"), and non-dualist-with-dualist ("") perspectives. Vidyaranya in his works mentions three major schools of Shaiva thought—Pashupata Shaivism, Shaiva Siddhanta and Pratyabhijña (Kashmir Shaivism).

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Considered normative Tantric Shaivism, Shaiva Siddhanta provides the normative rites, cosmology and theological categories of Tantric Shaivism. Being a dualistic philosophy, the goal of Shaiva Siddhanta is to become an ontologically distinct Shiva (through Shiva's grace). This tradition later merged with the Tamil Saiva movement and expression of concepts of Shaiva Siddhanta can be seen in the bhakti poetry of the Nayanars.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Hindu philosophy

Context: Kashmir Shaivism arose during the eighth or ninth century CE in Kashmir and made significant strides, both philosophical and theological, until the end of the twelfth century CE. It is categorised by various scholars as monistic idealism (absolute idealism, theistic monism, realistic idealism, transcendental physicalism or concrete monism). It is a school of Śaivism consisting of Trika and its philosophical articulation Pratyabhijña.

Question: 육파철학의 이름들은 무엇인가?


Bavaria

Context: Bavaria has a unique culture, largely because of the state's large Catholic plurality and conservative traditions. Bavarians have traditionally been proud of their culture, which includes a language, cuisine, architecture, festivals such as Oktoberfest and elements of Alpine symbolism. The state also has the second largest economy among the German states by GDP figures, giving it a status as a rather wealthy German region.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The Bavarians emerged in a region north of the Alps, previously inhabited by Celts, which had been part of the Roman provinces of Raetia and Noricum.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The Bavarians spoke a Germanic dialect which developed into Old High German during the early Middle Ages, however, unlike other Germanic groups, they probably did not migrate from elsewhere when Western Roman influence collapsed.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Rather, they seem to have coalesced out of other groups left behind by the Roman withdrawal late in the 5th century. These peoples may have included the Celtic Boii, some remaining Romans, Marcomanni, Allemanni, Quadi, Thuringians, Goths, Scirians, Rugians, Heruli. The name "Bavarian" ("Baiuvarii") means "Men of Baia" which may indicate Bohemia, the homeland of the Celtic Boii and later of the Marcomanni. They first appear in written sources circa 520.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: A 17th century Jewish chronicler David Solomon Ganz, citing Cyriacus Spangenberg, claimed that the diocese was named after an ancient Bohemian king, Boiia, in the 14th century BC.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: From about 554 to 788, the house of Agilolfing ruled the Duchy of Bavaria, ending with Tassilo III who was deposed by Charlemagne.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Three early dukes are named in Frankish sources: Garibald I may have been appointed to the office by the Merovingian kings and married the Lombard princess Walderada when the church forbade her to King Chlothar I in 555. Their daughter, Theodelinde, became Queen of the Lombards in northern Italy and Garibald was forced to flee to her when he fell out with his Frankish overlords.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Garibald's successor, Tassilo I, tried unsuccessfully to hold the eastern frontier against the expansion of Slavs and Avars around 600. Tassilo's son Garibald II seems to have achieved a balance of power between 610 and 616.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: After Garibald II, little is known of the Bavarians until Duke Theodo I, whose reign may have begun as early as 680. From 696 onward, he invited churchmen from the west to organize churches and strengthen Christianity in his duchy. (It is unclear what Bavarian religious life consisted of before this time.)

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: His son, Theudebert, led a decisive Bavarian campaign to intervene in a succession dispute in the Lombard Kingdom in 714, and married his sister Guntrud to the Lombard King Liutprand. At Theodo's death the duchy was divided among his sons, but reunited under his grandson Hugbert.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: At Hugbert's death (735) the duchy passed to a distant relative named Odilo, from neighboring Alemannia (modern southwest Germany and northern Switzerland). Odilo issued a law code for Bavaria, completed the process of church organization in partnership with St. Boniface (739), and tried to intervene in Frankish succession disputes by fighting for the claims of the Carolingian Grifo. He was defeated near Augsburg in 743 but continued to rule until his death in 748.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Tassilo III (b. 741 – d. after 796) succeeded his father at the age of eight after an unsuccessful attempt by Grifo to rule Bavaria. He initially ruled under Frankish oversight but began to function independently from 763 onward. He was particularly noted for founding new monasteries and for expanding eastwards, fighting Slavs in the eastern Alps and along the Danube and colonizing these lands.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: After 781, however, his cousin Charlemagne began to pressure Tassilo to submit and finally deposed him in 788. The deposition was not entirely legitimate.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Dissenters attempted a coup against Charlemagne at Tassilo's old capital of Regensburg in 792, led by his own son Pépin the Hunchback. The king had to drag Tassilo out of imprisonment to formally renounce his rights and titles at the Assembly of Frankfurt in 794. This is the last appearance of Tassilo in the sources, and he probably died a monk. As all of his family were also forced into monasteries, this was the end of the Agilolfing dynasty.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: For the next 400 years numerous families held the duchy, rarely for more than three generations. With the revolt of duke Henry the Quarrelsome in 976, Bavaria lost large territories in the south and south east.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The territory of "Ostarrichi" was elevated to a duchy in its own right and given to the Babenberger family. This event marks the founding of Austria.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The first of several divisions of the duchy of Bavaria occurred in 1255. With the extinction of the Hohenstaufen in 1268, Swabian territories were acquired by the Wittelsbach dukes. Emperor Louis the Bavarian acquired Brandenburg, Tyrol, Holland and Hainaut for his House but released the Upper Palatinate for the Palatinate branch of the Wittelsbach in 1329.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In the 14th and 15th centuries, upper and lower Bavaria were repeatedly subdivided. Four Duchies existed after the division of 1392: Bavaria-Straubing, Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich. In 1506 with the Landshut War of Succession, the other parts of Bavaria were reunited, and Munich became the sole capital. The country became a center of the Jesuit-inspired Counter- Reformation.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In 1623 the Bavarian duke replaced his relative of the Palatinate branch, the Electorate of the Palatinate in the early days of the Thirty Years' War and acquired the powerful prince-electoral dignity in the Holy Roman Empire, determining its Emperor thence forward, as well as special legal status under the empire's laws.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: During the early and mid-18th century the ambitions of the Bavarian prince electors led to several wars with Austria as well as occupations by Austria (War of the Spanish Succession, War of the Austrian Succession with the election of a Wittelsbach emperor instead of a Habsburg).

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: From 1777 onward, and after the younger Bavarian branch of the family had died out with elector Max III Joseph, Bavaria and the Electorate of the Palatinate were governed once again in personal union, now by the Palatinian lines.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The new state also comprised the Duchies of Jülich and Berg as these on their part were in personal union with the Palatinate.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: When Napoleon abolished the Holy Roman Empire, Bavaria became - by grace of Napoleon - a kingdom in 1806 due, in part, to the Confederation of the Rhine.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Its area doubled after the Duchy of Jülich was ceded to France, as the Electoral Palatinate was divided between France and the Grand Duchy of Baden. The Duchy of Berg was given to Jerome Bonaparte. Tyrol and Salzburg were temporarily reunited with Bavaria but finally ceded to Austria by the Congress of Vienna.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In return Bavaria was allowed to annex the modern-day region of Palatinate to the west of the Rhine and Franconia in 1815. Between 1799 and 1817, the leading minister, Count Montgelas, followed a strict policy of modernisation copying Napoleonic France; he laid the foundations of centralized administrative structures that survived the monarchy and, in part, have retained core validity through the 20st century.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In May 1808, a first constitution was passed by Maximilian I, being modernized in 1818. This second version established a bicameral Parliament with a House of Lords ("Kammer der Reichsräte") and a House of Commons ("Kammer der Abgeordneten"). That constitution was followed until the collapse of the monarchy at the end of World War I.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavaria continued formally as a monarchy, and it had some special rights within the federation (such as an army, railways, postal service and a diplomatic body of its own) but the diplomatic body were later undone by Wilhelm II who declared them illegal and got rid of the diplomatic service.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: When Bavaria became part of the newly formed German Empire, this action was considered controversial by Bavarian nationalists who had wanted to retain independence from the rest of Germany, as had Austria.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: As Bavaria had a heavily Catholic majority population, many people resented being ruled by the mostly Protestant northerners of Prussia. As a direct result of the Bavarian-Prussian feud, political parties formed to encourage Bavaria to break away and regain its independence.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In the early 20th century, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Henrik Ibsen, and other artists were drawn to Bavaria, especially to the Schwabing district of Munich, a center of international artistic activity. This area was devastated by bombing and invasion during World War II.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: "Free State" has been an adopted designation after the abolition of monarchy in the aftermath of World War I in several German states.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: On 12 November 1918, Ludwig III signed a document, the Anif declaration, releasing both civil and military officers from their oaths; the newly formed republican government, or "People's State" of Socialist premier Kurt Eisner, interpreted this as an abdication. To date, however, no member of the House of Wittelsbach has ever formally declared renunciation of the throne.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: On the other hand, none has ever since officially called upon their Bavarian or Stuart claims. Family members are active in cultural and social life, including the head of the house, Franz, Duke of Bavaria. They step back from any announcements on public affairs, showing approval or disapproval solely by Franz's presence or absence.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Eisner was assassinated in February 1919, ultimately leading to a Communist revolt and the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic being proclaimed 6 April 1919. After violent suppression by elements of the German Army and notably the Freikorps, the Bavarian Soviet Republic fell in May 1919. The Bamberg Constitution ("") was enacted on 12 or 14 August 1919 and came into force on 15 September 1919 creating the Free State of Bavaria within the Weimar Republic.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Extremist activity further increased, notably the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch led by the National Socialists, and Munich and Nuremberg became seen as Nazi strongholds during the Weimar Republic and Nazi dictatorship. However, in the crucial German federal election, March 1933, the Nazis received less than 50% of the votes cast in Bavaria.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: As a manufacturing centre, Munich was heavily bombed during World War II and was occupied by U.S. troops, becoming a major part of the American Zone of Allied-occupied Germany (1945–47) and then of "Bizonia".

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The Rhenish Palatinate was detached from Bavaria in 1946 and made part of the new state Rhineland-Palatinate. During the Cold War, Bavaria was part of West Germany. In 1949, the Free State of Bavaria chose not to sign the Founding Treaty ("Gründungsvertrag") for the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany, opposing the division of Germany into two countries after World War II.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The Bavarian Parliament did not sign the Basic Law of Germany, mainly because it was seen as not granting sufficient powers to the individual "Länder" (states), but at the same time decided that it would still come into force in Bavaria if two-thirds of the other "Länder" ratified it.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavarians have often emphasized a separate national identity and considered themselves as "Bavarians" first, "Germans" second.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In the 19th-century sense, an independent Bavarian State only existed from 1806-71. This feeling started to come about more strongly among Bavarians when the Kingdom of Bavaria was forced by Bismarck to join the Protestant Prussian-dominated German Empire in 1871, while the Bavarian nationalists wanted to keep Bavaria as Catholic and an independent state. Aside from the minority Bavaria Party, most Bavarians now accept Bavaria is part of Germany.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Another consideration is that Bavarians foster different cultural identities: Franconia in the north, speaking East Franconian German; Bavarian Swabia in the south west, speaking Swabian German; and Altbayern (so-called "Old Bavaria", the regions forming the "historic", pentagon-shaped Bavaria before the acquisitions through the Vienna Congress, at present the districts of the Upper Palatinate, Lower and Upper Bavaria) speaking Austro-Bavarian.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In Munich, the Old Bavarian dialect was widely spread, but nowadays High German is predominantly spoken there. Moreover, by the expulsion of German speakers from Eastern Europe, Bavaria has received a large population that was not traditionally Bavarian. In particular, the Sudeten Germans, expelled from neighboring Czechoslovakia, have been deemed to have become the "fourth tribe" of Bavarians.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Uniquely among German states, Bavaria has two official flags of equal status, one with a white and blue stripe, the other with white and blue lozenges. Either may be used by civilians and government offices, who are free to choose between them. Unofficial versions of the flag, especially a lozenge style with coat of arms, are sometimes used by civilians.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The modern coat of arms of Bavaria was designed by Eduard Ege in 1946, following heraldic traditions.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavaria shares international borders with Austria (Salzburg, Tyrol, Upper Austria and Vorarlberg) and the Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary, Plzeň and South Bohemian Regions), as well as with Switzerland (across Lake Constance to the Canton of St. Gallen).

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Neighboring states within Germany are Baden-Württemberg, Hesse, Thuringia, and Saxony. Two major rivers flow through the state: the Danube ("Donau") and the Main. The Bavarian Alps define the border with Austria (including the Austrian federal-states of Vorarlberg, Tyrol and Salzburg), and within the range is the highest peak in Germany: the Zugspitze.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The Bavarian Forest and the Bohemian Forest form the vast majority of the frontier with the Czech Republic and Bohemia.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The major cities in Bavaria are Munich ("München"), Nuremberg ("Nürnberg"), Augsburg, Regensburg, Würzburg, Ingolstadt, Fürth, and Erlangen.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: At lower elevations the climate is classified according to Köppen’s guide as “Cfb” or “Dfb” at lower altitudes, then at higher altitudes the climate becomes “Dfc” and “ET”.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavaria is divided into seven administrative regions called ' (singular '). For every Administrative regions exist a state agency called " (district government).

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: ' (districts) are the third communal layer in Bavaria; the others are the ' and the ' or '. The ' in Bavaria are territorially identical with the ', but they are self-governing regional corporation, having their own parliaments. In the other larger states of Germany, there are only ' as administrative divisions and no self-governing entities at the level of the ' as the "" in Bavaria.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The second communal layer is made up of 71 rural districts (called ', singular ') that are comparable to counties, as well as the 25 independent cities (', singular '), both of which share the same administrative responsibilities.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The 71 rural districts are on the lowest level divided into 2,031 regular municipalities (called ', singular '). Together with the 25 independent cities (', which are in effect municipalities independent of ' administrations), there are a total of 2,056 municipalities in Bavaria.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In 44 of the 71 rural districts, there are a total of 215 unincorporated areas (as of 1 January 2005, called ', singular '), not belonging to any municipality, all uninhabited, mostly forested areas, but also four lakes (-without islands, -without island , , which are the three largest lakes of Bavaria, and ).

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The German Greens and the center-right Free Voters have been represented in the state parliament since 1986 and 2008 respectively.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In the 2003 elections the CSU won a ⅔ supermajority – something no party had ever achieved in postwar Germany. However, in the subsequent 2008 elections the CSU lost the absolute majority for the first time in 46 years.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The losses were partly attributed by some to the CSU's stance for an anti-smoking bill. (A first anti-smoking law had been proposed by the CSU and passed but was watered down after the election, after which a referendum enforced a strict antismoking bill with a large majority).

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The center-right Free Voters party gained 11.6% of the vote and formed a government coalition with the CSU which led to the subsequent reelection of Markus Söder as Minister-President of Bavaria.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The Constitution of Bavaria of the Free State of Bavaria was enacted on 8 December 1946. The new Bavarian Constitution became the basis for the Bavarian State after the Second World War.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavaria has a unicameral ' (English: State Parliament), elected by universal suffrage. Until December 1999, there was also a ', or Senate, whose members were chosen by social and economic groups in Bavaria, but following a referendum in 1998, this institution was abolished.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The Bavarian State Government consists of the Minister-President of Bavaria, eleven Ministers and six Secretaries of State. The Minister-President is elected for a period of five years by the State Parliament and is head of state. With the approval of the State Parliament he appoints the members of the State Government. The State Government is composed of the:

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Political processes also take place in the seven regions (' or ') in Bavaria, in the 71 rural districts (') and the 25 towns and cities forming their own districts ('), and in the 2,031 local authorities (").

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavaria has the best developed industry in Germany and the lowest unemployment rate with 2.9% as of October 2021.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Also American companies open a lot of research and development centers in Munich region: Apple (chip design), Google (data security), IBM (Watson technology), Intel (drones and telecommunication chips), General Electric (3D-printers and additive manufacturing), Gleason (gears manufacturing), Texas Instruments (chip design and manufacturing), Coherent (lasers).

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: With 40 million tourists in 2019, Bavaria is the most visited German state and one of Europe's leading tourist destinations.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: The unemployment rate stood at 2.6% in October 2018, the lowest in Germany and one of the lowest in the European Union.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Some features of the Bavarian culture and mentality are remarkably distinct from the rest of Germany. Noteworthy differences (especially in rural areas, less significant in the major cities) can be found with respect to religion, traditions, and language.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: 46.9% of Bavarians adhered to Catholicism (a decline from 70.4% in 1970). 17.2 percent of the population adheres to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria, which has also declined since 1970. Three percent was Orthodox, Muslims make up 4.0% of the population of Bavaria. 31.9 percent of Bavarians are irreligious or adhere to other religions.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavaria is also home to the Franconia wine region, which is situated along the river Main in Franconia. The region has produced wine ("Frankenwein") for over 1,000 years and is famous for its use of the Bocksbeutel wine bottle. The production of wine forms an integral part of the regional culture, and many of its villages and cities hold their own wine festivals (Weinfeste) throughout the year.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavarians consider themselves to be egalitarian and informal. Their sociability can be experienced at the annual Oktoberfest, the world's largest beer festival, which welcomes around six million visitors every year, or in the famous beer gardens. In traditional Bavarian beer gardens, patrons may bring their own food but buy beer only from the brewery that runs the beer garden.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: In the United States, particularly among German Americans, Bavarian culture is viewed somewhat nostalgically, and several "Bavarian villages" have been founded, most notably Frankenmuth, Michigan; Helen, Georgia; and Leavenworth, Washington. Since 1962, the latter has been styled with a Bavarian theme and is home to an Oktoberfest celebration it claims is among the most attended in the world outside of Munich.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavaria is home to several football clubs including FC Bayern Munich, 1. FC Nürnberg, FC Augsburg, TSV 1860 Munich, FC Ingolstadt 04 and SpVgg Greuther Fürth. Bayern Munich is the most successful football team in Germany having won a record 30 German titles and 6 UEFA Champions League titles. They are followed by 1. FC Nürnberg who have won 9 titles. SpVgg Greuther Fürth have won 3 championships while TSV 1860 Munich have been champions once.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: Bavaria is also home to several professional basketball teams, including FC Bayern Munich, Brose Baskets Bamberg, s.Oliver Würzburg, Nürnberg Falcons BC and TSV Oberhaching Tropics.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Bavaria

Context: There are five Bavarian ice hockey teams playing in the German top-tier league DEL: EHC Red Bull München, Nürnberg Ice Tigers, Augsburger Panther, ERC Ingolstadt, and Straubing Tigers.

Question: 바이에른의 현재 인구는 얼마나 되나요?


Giant panda

Context: For many decades, the precise taxonomic classification of the giant panda was under debate because it shares characteristics with both bears and raccoons. However, molecular studies indicate the giant panda is a true bear, part of the family Ursidae. These studies show it diverged about from the common ancestor of the Ursidae; it is the most basal member of this family and equidistant from all other extant bear species. The giant panda has been referred to as a living fossil.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: The word "panda" was borrowed into English from French, but no conclusive explanation of the origin of the French word "panda" has been found. The closest candidate is the Nepali word "ponya," possibly referring to the adapted wrist bone of the red panda, which is native to Nepal. The Western world originally applied this name to the red panda.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: In many older sources, the name "panda" or "common panda" refers to the lesser-known red panda, thus necessitating the inclusion of "giant" and "lesser/red" prefixes in front of the names. Even in 2013, the "Encyclopædia Britannica" still used "giant panda" or "panda bear" for the bear, and simply "panda" for the red panda, despite the popular usage of the word "panda" to refer to giant pandas.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Two subspecies of giant panda have been recognized on the basis of distinct cranial measurements, colour patterns, and population genetics.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: A detailed study of the giant panda's genetic history from 2012 confirms that the separation of the Qinlin population occurred about 300,000 years ago, and reveals that the non-Qinlin population further diverged into two groups, named the Minshan and the Qionglai-Daxiangling-Xiaoxiangling-Liangshan group respectively, about 2,800 years ago.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Adults measure around long, including a tail of about , and tall at the shoulder. Males can weigh up to . Females (generally 10–20% smaller than males) can weigh as little as , but can also weigh up to . The average weight for adults is .

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: The giant panda's paw has a "thumb" and five fingers; the "thumb" – actually a modified sesamoid bone – helps it to hold bamboo while eating. Stephen Jay Gould discusses this feature in his book of essays on evolution and biology, "The Panda's Thumb".

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: The giant panda typically lives around 20 years in the wild and up to 30 years in captivity. A female named Jia Jia was the oldest giant panda ever in captivity, born in 1978 and died at an age of 38 on 16 October 2016.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: The giant panda genome was sequenced in 2009 using Illumina dye sequencing. Its genome contains 20 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Pandas eat any of 25 bamboo species in the wild, such as "Fargesia dracocephala" and "Fargesia rufa". Only a few bamboo species are widespread at the high altitudes pandas now inhabit. Bamboo leaves contain the highest protein levels; stems have less.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Because of the synchronous flowering, death, and regeneration of all bamboo within a species, the giant panda must have at least two different species available in its range to avoid starvation. While primarily herbivorous, the giant panda still retains decidedly ursine teeth and will eat meat, fish, and eggs when available. In captivity, zoos typically maintain the giant panda's bamboo diet, though some will provide specially formulated biscuits or other dietary supplements.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Although adult giant pandas have few natural predators other than humans, young cubs are vulnerable to attacks by snow leopards, yellow-throated martens, eagles, feral dogs, and the Asian black bear. Sub-adults weighing up to may be vulnerable to predation by leopards.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: The giant panda is a terrestrial animal and primarily spends its life roaming and feeding in the bamboo forests of the Qinling Mountains and in the hilly province of Sichuan. Giant pandas are generally solitary. Each adult has a defined territory and a female is not tolerant of other females in her range. Social encounters occur primarily during the brief breeding season in which pandas in proximity to one another will gather. After mating, the male leaves the female alone to raise the cub.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Pandas communicate through vocalisation and scent marking such as clawing trees or spraying urine. They are able to climb and take shelter in hollow trees or rock crevices, but do not establish permanent dens. For this reason, pandas do not hibernate, which is similar to other subtropical mammals, and will instead move to elevations with warmer temperatures. Pandas rely primarily on spatial memory rather than visual memory.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Though the panda is often assumed to be docile, it has been known to attack humans, presumably out of irritation rather than aggression.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Pandas have been known to cover themselves in horse manure to protect themselves against cold temperatures.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Giant pandas give birth to twins in about half of pregnancies. If twins are born, usually only one survives in the wild. The mother will select the stronger of the cubs, and the weaker cub will die due to starvation. The mother is thought to be unable to produce enough milk for two cubs since she does not store fat. The father has no part in helping raise the cub.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Attempts have also been made to reproduce giant pandas by interspecific pregnancy where cloned panda embryos were implanted into the uterus of an animal of another species. This has resulted in panda fetuses, but no live births.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: The creature named "mo" (貘) mentioned in some ancient books has been interpreted as giant panda. The dictionary "Shuowen Jiezi" (Eastern Han Dynasty) says that the "mo", from Shu (Sichuan), is bear-like, but yellow-and-black, although the older "Erya" describes "mo" simply as a "white leopard". The interpretation of the legendary fierce creature "pixiu" (貔貅) as referring to the giant panda is also common.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Chi Chi at the London Zoo became very popular. This influenced the World Wildlife Fund to use a panda as its symbol.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: In 1963, the PRC government set up Wolong National Nature Reserve to save the declining panda population.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: The giant panda is among the world's most adored and protected rare animals, and is one of the few in the world whose natural inhabitant status was able to gain a UNESCO World Heritage Site designation. The Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries, located in the southwest province of Sichuan and covering seven natural reserves, were inscribed onto the World Heritage List in 2006.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: One major aim is to permanently keep the panda population stable enough to avoid a relapse to its former IUCN Red List "endangered" status. Especially small, isolated populations run the risk of inbreeding and smaller genetic variety makes the individuals more vulnerable to various defects and genetic mutation. Allowing a larger group of individuals to roam through a larger area freely and choose from a greater variety of mates, helps to enrich genetic diversity of their offspring.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: In July 2021, Chinese conservation authorities announced that giant pandas are no longer endangered in the wild following years of conservation efforts, with a population in the wild exceeding 1,800.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Giant panda

Context: Microbes in panda waste are being investigated for their use in creating biofuels from bamboo and other plant materials.

Question: 판다를 가장 많이 보유한 국가는 어디인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: A large crater lake, called Heaven Lake, is in the caldera atop the mountain. The caldera was formed by the VEI 7 "Millennium" or "Tianchi" eruption of 946, which erupted about of tephra. This was one of the largest and most violent eruptions in the last 5,000 years (alongside the Minoan eruption, the Hatepe eruption of Lake Taupō in around AD 180, the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas near Mount Rinjani and the 1815 eruption of Tambora).

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The mountain plays an important mythological and cultural and nationalistic role in the societies and civil religions of both contemporary Korean states. For instance, it is mentioned in both of their national anthems and is depicted on the national emblem of North Korea. The mountain is regarded by the Manchu people as their ancestral homeland, and it was a symbol of imperial power in the Qing, the last imperial dynasty of China.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The Mongolian name is (), which means 'lofty white mountain'. In English, various authors have used nonstandard transliterations.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: Mount Paektu is a stratovolcano whose cone is truncated by a large caldera, about wide and deep, partially filled by the waters of Heaven Lake. The lake has a circumference of , with an average depth of and maximum depth of . From mid-October to mid-June, the lake is typically covered with ice. In 2011, experts in North and South Korea met to discuss the potential for a significant eruption in the near future, as the volcano explodes to life every 100 years or so, the last time in 1903.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The geological forces forming Mount Paektu remain a mystery. Two leading theories are first a hot spot formation and second an uncharted portion of the Pacific Plate sinking beneath Mount Paektu.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The central section of the mountain rises about per year due to rising levels of magma below the central part of the mountain. Sixteen peaks exceeding line the caldera rim surrounding Heaven Lake. The highest peak, called Janggun Peak, is covered in snow about eight months of the year. The slope is relatively gentle until about .

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: Water flows north out of the lake, and near the outlet there is a waterfall. The mountain is the source of the Songhua, Tumen and Yalu rivers. The Tumen and the Yalu form the northern border between North Korea and Russia and China.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The weather on the mountain can be very erratic, sometimes severe. The annual average temperature at the peak is . During summer, temperatures of about or higher can be reached, and during winter temperatures can drop to . The lowest record temperature was on 2 January 1997. The average temperature is about in January, and in July, remaining below freezing for eight months of the year. The average wind speed is , peaking at . The relative humidity averages 74%.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The mountain's caldera was created in 946 by the colossal (VEI 7) "Millennium" or "Tianchi" eruption, one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5,000 years, comparable to the 180 AD eruption of Lake Taupō and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. The eruption, whose tephra has been found in the southern part of Hokkaidō, Japan, and as far away as Greenland, destroyed much of the volcano's summit, leaving a caldera that today is filled by Heaven Lake.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The age of the Tianwenfeng eruption is not clear, but the carbonized wood in Heifengkou's lag breccia has been dated at around . This eruption formed large areas covered in yellow pumice and ignimbrite and released about of SO2 into the stratosphere. The bulk volume of the ejecta is at least 100 km3, making the Tianwenfeng eruption also of VEI 7. The Tianwenfeng eruption has also been recorded in Manchurian myths. Manchus described the mountain as "Fire Dragon", "Fire Demon" or "Heavenly Fire".

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: After these major eruptions, Mount Paektu had at least three smaller eruptions, which occurred in 1668, 1702, and 1903, likely forming the Baguamiao ignimbrite, the Wuhaojie fine pumice, and the Liuhaojie tuff ring.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: In 2011, the Government of North Korea invited volcanologists James Hammond of Imperial College London and Clive Oppenheimer of the University of Cambridge, to study the mountain for recent volcanic activity. Their project was continuing in 2014 and expected to last for another "two or three years". American volcanologist Kayla Iacovino also participated, becoming one of the first women scientists to do research in North Korea.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: There are five known species of plants in the lake on the peak, and some 168 have been counted along its shores. The forest on the Chinese side is ancient and almost unaltered by humans. Birch predominates near the tree line, and pine lower down, mixed with other species. There has been extensive deforestation on the lower slopes on the North Korean side of the mountain.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The area is a known habitat for Siberian tigers, bears, wolves, and wild boars. The Ussuri dholes may have been extirpated from the area. Deer in the mountain forests, which cover the mountain up to about , are of the Paekdusan roe deer kind. Many wild birds such as black grouse, owls, and woodpecker are known to inhabit the area. The mountain has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it supports a population of scaly-sided mergansers.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The mountain has been worshipped by the surrounding peoples throughout history. Both the Koreans and Manchus consider it sacred, especially the Heaven Lake in its crater.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: The mountain has been considered sacred by Koreans throughout history. According to Korean mythology, it was the birthplace of Dangun, the founder of Gojoseon (2333–108 BC), whose parents were said to be Hwanung, the Son of Heaven, and Ungnyeo, a bear who had been transformed into a woman. The Goryeo and Joseon dynasties also worshiped the mountain.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: Mount Paektu is mentioned in the national anthems of both North and South Korea and in the Korean folk song "Arirang".

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: Dense forest around the mountain provided bases for Korean armed resistance against the Japanese occupation, and later communist guerrillas during the Korean War. Kim Il-sung organized his resistance against the Japanese forces there, and North Korea claims that Kim Jong-il was born there, although records outside of North Korea suggest that he was actually born in the Soviet Union.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: Mount Changbai was regarded as the most sacred mountain in the shamanist religion of the Manchus, and their ancestors Sushen and Jurchens. The Jin dynasty bestowed the title "the King Who Makes the Nation Prosperous and Answers with Miracles" () on the mountain in 1172 and it was entitled "the Emperor Who Cleared the Sky with Tremendous Sagehood" () in 1193. A temple for the mountain god was constructed on the northern side.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: "Baishan Heishui", "white mountain and black river", referring to Mount Changbai and the Heilongjiang, has been a traditional name for Northeast China since the Jin dynasty.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: In 1962, China and North Korea negotiated a border treaty to resolve their undemarcated land border. China received 40% of the crater lake and North Korea kept the remaining land, holding approximately 54.5% of the territory and gaining around 230 km2. Neither of this treaty is recognized by the governments of the Republic of China on Taiwan and the Republic of Korea.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: During the 2007 Asian Winter Games, which were held in Changchun, China, a group of South Korean athletes held up signs during the award ceremony which stated "Mount Paektu is our territory". Chinese sports officials delivered a letter of protest on the grounds that political activities violated the spirit of the Olympics and were banned in the charter of the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia. Officials from the South Korean athletic team apologized to China.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Paektu Mountain

Context: In addition to domestic tourists, most international visitors, including many South Koreans, climb the mountain from the Chinese side, though it is also a popular tourist destination for visitors to North Korea. The Chinese tourism area is classified as a AAAAA scenic area by the China National Tourism Administration.

Question: 일본에서 가장 큰 화산은 무엇인가?


Shinpan (daimyo)

Context: was a class of "daimyō" in the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan who were certain relatives of the "Shōgun".

Question: 다이묘란 무엇인가?


Shinpan (daimyo)

Context: While all "shinpan" were relatives of the "shōgun", not all relatives of the shōgun were "shinpan"; an example of this is the Matsudaira clan of the Okutono Domain. Non-"daimyō" relatives, such as the "Gosankyō", were also known as "kamon" – thus the "shinpan" lords were alternatively known as "kamon daimyō" (家門大名). "Shinpan" included the Gosanke, the Matsudaira clan of Aizu and the Matsudaira clan of the Fukui Domain.

Question: 다이묘란 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The station is divided into two sections: the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is operated by Russia, while the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) is run by the United States as well as by the other states. The Russian segment includes six modules. The US segment includes ten modules, whose support services are distributed 76.6% for NASA, 12.8% for JAXA, 8.3% for ESA and 2.3% for CSA.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Roscosmos had endorsed the continued operation of ROS through 2024, having previously proposed using elements of the segment to construct a new Russian space station called OPSEK. However, continued cooperation has been rendered uncertain by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and subsequent international sanctions on Russia, who theoretically, may lower, redirect, or cut funding their side of the space station due to the sanctions set on them.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The space environment is hostile to life. Unprotected presence in space is characterised by an intense radiation field (consisting primarily of protons and other subatomic charged particles from the solar wind, in addition to cosmic rays), high vacuum, extreme temperatures, and microgravity. Some simple forms of life called extremophiles, as well as small invertebrates called tardigrades can survive in this environment in an extremely dry state through desiccation.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: In August 2020, scientists reported that bacteria from Earth, particularly "Deinococcus radiodurans" bacteria, which is highly resistant to environmental hazards, were found to survive for three years in outer space, based on studies conducted on the International Space Station. These findings supported the notion of panspermia, the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed in various ways, including space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids or contaminated spacecraft.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Researchers are investigating the effect of the station's near-weightless environment on the evolution, development, growth and internal processes of plants and animals. In response to some of the data, NASA wants to investigate microgravity's effects on the growth of three-dimensional, human-like tissues and the unusual protein crystals that can be formed in space.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Investigating the physics of fluids in microgravity will provide better models of the behaviour of fluids. Because fluids can be almost completely combined in microgravity, physicists investigate fluids that do not mix well on Earth. Examining reactions that are slowed by low gravity and low temperatures will improve our understanding of superconductivity.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: In May 2013, commander Chris Hadfield shot a music video of David Bowie's "Space Oddity" on board the station, which was released on YouTube. It was the first music video ever to be filmed in space.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The European Space Agency (ESA) "Columbus" module was manufactured at the EADS Astrium Space Transportation facilities in Bremen, Germany, along with many other contractors throughout Europe. The other ESA-built modules"Harmony", "Tranquility", the "Leonardo" MPLM, and the "Cupola"were initially manufactured at the Thales Alenia Space factory in Turin, Italy. The structural steel hulls of the modules were transported by aircraft to the Kennedy Space Center SSPF for launch processing.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The Japanese Experiment Module "Kibō", was fabricated in various technology manufacturing facilities in Japan, at the NASDA (now JAXA) Tsukuba Space Center, and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. The "Kibo" module was transported by ship and flown by aircraft to the SSPF.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The Mobile Servicing System, consisting of the Canadarm2 and the "Dextre" grapple fixture, was manufactured at various factories in Canada (such as the David Florida Laboratory) and the United States, under contract by the Canadian Space Agency. The mobile base system, a connecting framework for Canadarm2 mounted on rails, was built by Northrop Grumman.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: By June 2011, the station consisted of 15 pressurised modules and the Integrated Truss Structure. Two power modules called NEM-1 and NEM-2. are still to be launched. Russia's new primary research module "Nauka" docked in July 2021, along with the European Robotic Arm which will be able to relocate itself to different parts of the Russian modules of the station. Russia's latest addition, the nodal module ""Prichal" docked in November 2021.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The gross mass of the station changes over time. The total launch mass of the modules on orbit is about (). The mass of experiments, spare parts, personal effects, crew, foodstuff, clothing, propellants, water supplies, gas supplies, docked spacecraft, and other items add to the total mass of the station. Hydrogen gas is constantly vented overboard by the oxygen generators.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The module is cylindrical in shape, with six berthing locations (forward, aft, port, starboard, zenith, and nadir) facilitating connections to other modules. "Unity" measures in diameter, is long, made of steel, and was built for NASA by Boeing in a manufacturing facility at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. "Unity" is the first of the three connecting modules; the other two are "Harmony" and "Tranquility".

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The module was manufactured by RKK Energia, with major sub-contracting work by GKNPTs Khrunichev. "Zvezda" was launched on a Proton rocket on 12 July 2000, and docked with the "Zarya" module on 26 July 2000.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: "Harmony" was successfully launched into space aboard Space Shuttle flight STS-120 on 23 October 2007. After temporarily being attached to the port side of the "Unity" node, it was moved to its permanent location on the forward end of the "Destiny" laboratory on 14 November 2007. "Harmony" added to the station's living volume, an increase of almost 20 percent, from . Its successful installation meant that from NASA's perspective, the station was considered to be "U.S. Core Complete".

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency had "Tranquility" manufactured by Thales Alenia Space. A ceremony on 20 November 2009 transferred ownership of the module to NASA. On 8 February 2010, NASA launched the module on the Space Shuttle's STS-130 mission.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The European Space Agency has spent €1.4 billion (about US$2 billion) on building "Columbus", including the experiments it carries and the ground control infrastructure necessary to operate them.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The deployable radiator will be used to add additional cooling capability to "Nauka", which will enable the module to host more scientific experiments. The airlock will be used only to pass experiments inside and outside the module, with the aid of ERAvery similar to the Japanese airlock and Nanoracks Bishop Airlock on the U.S. segment of the station.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The ERA will be used to remove the radiator and airlock from "Rassvet" and transfer them over to "Nauka". This process is expected to take several months. A portable work platform will also be transferred over, which can attach to the end of the ERA to allow cosmonauts to "ride" on the end of the arm during spacewalks.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Another MLM outfitting is a 4 segment external payload interface called means of attachment of large payloads (Sredstva Krepleniya Krupnogabaritnykh Obyektov, SKKO) was delivered to Nauka by a Progress MS-18 spacecraft.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Two International Docking Adapters are currently installed aboard the Station. Originally, IDA-1 was planned to be installed on PMA-2, located at "Harmony"'s forward port, and IDA-2 would be installed on PMA-3 at "Harmony"'s zenith. After IDA 1 was destroyed in a launch incident, IDA-2 was installed on PMA-2 on 19 August 2016, while IDA-3 was later installed on PMA-3 on 21 August 2019.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: It had a temporary docking adapter on its nadir port for crewed and uncrewed missions until Prichal arrival, where just before its arrival it was removed by a departuring Progress spacecraft.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The commercial "Bartolomeo" External Payload Hosting Platform, manufactured by Airbus, was launched on 6 March 2020 aboard CRS-20 and attached to the European "Columbus" module. It will provide an additional 12 external payload slots, supplementing the eight on the ExPRESS Logistics Carriers, ten on "Kibō", and four on "Columbus". The system is designed to be robotically serviced and will require no astronaut intervention. It is named after Christopher Columbus's younger brother.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The Integrated Truss Structure serves as a base for the station's primary remote manipulator system, the Mobile Servicing System (MSS), which is composed of three main components:

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Japan's Remote Manipulator System, which services the "Kibō" Exposed Facility, was launched on STS-124 and is attached to the "Kibō" Pressurised Module. The arm is similar to the Space Shuttle arm as it is permanently attached at one end and has a latching end effector for standard grapple fixtures at the other.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The European Robotic Arm, which will service the Russian Orbital Segment, was launched alongside the "Nauka" module. The ROS does not require spacecraft or modules to be manipulated, as all spacecraft and modules dock automatically and may be discarded the same way. Crew use the two "Strela" () cargo cranes during EVAs for moving crew and equipment around the ROS. Each Strela crane has a mass of .

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Made by Bigelow Aerospace. In August 2016 Bigelow negotiated an agreement with NASA to develop a full-sized ground prototype Deep Space Habitation based on the B330 under the second phase of Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships. The module is called the Expandable Bigelow Advanced Station Enhancement (XBASE), as Bigelow hopes to test the module by attaching it to the International Space Station.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Nanoracks, after finalizing its contract with NASA, and after winning NextSTEPs Phase II award, is now developing its concept Independence-1 (previously known as Ixion), which would turn spent rocket tanks into a habitable living area to be tested in space. In Spring 2018, Nanoracks announced that Ixion is now known as the Independence-1, the first 'outpost' in Nanoracks' Space Outpost Program.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The critical systems are the atmosphere control system, the water supply system, the food supply facilities, the sanitation and hygiene equipment, and fire detection and suppression equipment. The Russian Orbital Segment's life support systems are contained in the "Zvezda" service module. Some of these systems are supplemented by equipment in the USOS. The "Nauka" laboratory has a complete set of life support systems.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The "Elektron" system aboard "Zvezda" and a similar system in "Destiny" generate oxygen aboard the station. The crew has a backup option in the form of bottled oxygen and Solid Fuel Oxygen Generation (SFOG) canisters, a chemical oxygen generator system. Carbon dioxide is removed from the air by the Vozdukh system in "Zvezda". Other by-products of human metabolism, such as methane from the intestines and ammonia from sweat, are removed by activated charcoal filters.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The US Orbital Segment has redundant supplies of oxygen, from a pressurised storage tank on the "Quest" airlock module delivered in 2001, supplemented ten years later by ESA-built Advanced Closed-Loop System (ACLS) in the "Tranquility" module (Node 3), which produces by electrolysis. Hydrogen produced is combined with carbon dioxide from the cabin atmosphere and converted to water and methane.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The Russian segment of the station, like most spacecraft, uses 28 V low voltage DC from two rotating solar arrays mounted on "Zvezda". The USOS uses 130–180 V DC from the USOS PV array, power is stabilised and distributed at 160 V DC and converted to the user-required 124 V DC. The higher distribution voltage allows smaller, lighter conductors, at the expense of crew safety. The two station segments share power with converters.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The station's large solar panels generate a high potential voltage difference between the station and the ionosphere. This could cause arcing through insulating surfaces and sputtering of conductive surfaces as ions are accelerated by the spacecraft plasma sheath. To mitigate this, plasma contactor units create current paths between the station and the ambient space plasma.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: UHF radio is used by astronauts and cosmonauts conducting EVAs and other spacecraft that dock to or undock from the station. Automated spacecraft are fitted with their own communications equipment; the ATV uses a laser attached to the spacecraft and the Proximity Communications Equipment attached to "Zvezda" to accurately dock with the station.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The operating system used for key station functions is the Debian Linux distribution. The migration from Microsoft Windows to Linux was made in May 2013 for reasons of reliability, stability and flexibility.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Gennady Padalka, member of Expeditions 9, 19/20, 31/32, and 43/44, and Commander of Expedition 11, has spent more time in space than anyone else, a total of 878 days, 11 hours, and 29 minutes. Peggy Whitson has spent the most time in space of any American, totalling 665 days, 22 hours, and 22 minutes during her time on Expeditions 5, 16, and 50/51/52.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: , 256 people from 20 countries had visited the space station, many of them multiple times. The United States sent 158 people, Russia sent 55, 11 were Japanese, nine were Canadian, five were Italian, four were French, four were German, and there were one each from Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Great Britain, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Israel, Sweden and the United Arab Emirates.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: From the initial station programs, the Russians pursued an automated docking methodology that used the crew in override or monitoring roles. Although the initial development costs were high, the system has become very reliable with standardisations that provide significant cost benefits in repetitive operations.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: In the early hours of 1 August 2010, a failure in cooling Loop A (starboard side), one of two external cooling loops, left the station with only half of its normal cooling capacity and zero redundancy in some systems. The problem appeared to be in the ammonia pump module that circulates the ammonia cooling fluid. Several subsystems, including two of the four CMGs, were shut down.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The USOS's cooling system is largely built by the US company Boeing, which is also the manufacturer of the failed pump.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: On 24 December 2013, astronauts installed a new ammonia pump for the station's cooling system. The faulty cooling system had failed earlier in the month, halting many of the station's science experiments. Astronauts had to brave a "mini blizzard" of ammonia while installing the new pump. It was only the second Christmas Eve spacewalk in NASA history.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: There is considerable evidence that psychosocial stressors are among the most important impediments to optimal crew morale and performance. Cosmonaut Valery Ryumin wrote in his journal during a particularly difficult period on board the "Salyut" 6 space station: "All the conditions necessary for murder are met if you shut two men in a cabin measuring 18 feet by 20 [5.5 m × 6 m] and leave them together for two months."

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Due to the lack of gravity, confusion often occurs. Even though there is no up and down in space, some crew members feel like they are oriented upside down. They may also have difficulty measuring distances. This can cause problems like getting lost inside the space station, pulling switches in the wrong direction or misjudging the speed of an approaching vehicle during docking.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: The physiological effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy, deterioration of the skeleton (osteopenia), fluid redistribution, a slowing of the cardiovascular system, decreased production of red blood cells, balance disorders, and a weakening of the immune system. Lesser symptoms include loss of body mass, and puffiness of the face.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: To prevent some of the adverse effects on the body, the station is equipped with: two TVIS treadmills (including the COLBERT); the ARED (Advanced Resistive Exercise Device), which enables various weightlifting exercises that add muscle without raising (or compensating for) the astronauts' reduced bone density; and a stationary bicycle. Each astronaut spends at least two hours per day exercising on the equipment. Astronauts use bungee cords to strap themselves to the treadmill.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: An onboard fire or a toxic gas leak are other potential hazards. Ammonia is used in the external radiators of the station and could potentially leak into the pressurised modules.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: It travels at an average speed of , and completes orbits per day (93 minutes per orbit). The station's altitude was allowed to fall around the time of each NASA shuttle flight to permit heavier loads to be transferred to the station. After the retirement of the shuttle, the nominal orbit of the space station was raised in altitude (from about 350 km to about 400 km). Other, more frequent supply spacecraft do not require this adjustment as they are substantially higher performance vehicles.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Docked spacecraft can also be used to maintain station attitude, such as for troubleshooting or during the installation of the S3/S4 truss, which provides electrical power and data interfaces for the station's electronics.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: In November 2012 NASA launched its "Spot the Station" service, which sends people text and email alerts when the station is due to fly above their town. The station is visible from 95% of the inhabited land on Earth, but is not visible from extreme northern or southern latitudes.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: Involving five space programs and fifteen countries, the International Space Station is the most politically and legally complex space exploration programme in history. The 1998 Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement sets forth the primary framework for international cooperation among the parties. A series of subsequent agreements govern other aspects of the station, ranging from jurisdictional issues to a code of conduct among visiting astronauts.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: At the end of 2011, the Exploration Gateway Platform concept also proposed using leftover USOS hardware and "Zvezda 2" as a refuelling depot and service station located at one of the Earth-Moon Lagrange points. However, the entire USOS was not designed for disassembly and will be discarded.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


International Space Station

Context: There have also been suggestions that the station could be converted to commercial operations after it is retired by government entities.

Question: 2019년까지 지구에서 보낸 우주정거장 중 가장 큰 것은 무엇인가?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006; the first season averaged 3.60 million viewers. It became the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by "Arrow". The show has received numerous award nominations, winning four People's Choice Award and many Teen Choice Awards.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: The concepts and characters developed in the series served to launch a media franchise that includes other television series, web series, novels and comic books. The television series "The Originals", which also aired on The CW, was the first major entry in this collection of connected works.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: Initially, Kevin Williamson had little interest in developing the series, as he found the premise too similar to the "Twilight" novels. However, at the urging of Julie Plec, he began to read the books. He started to become intrigued by the story: "I began to realize that it was a story about a small town, about that town's underbelly and about what lurks under the surface." Williamson has stated the town's story will be the main focus of the series rather than high school.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: On February 6, 2009, "Variety" announced that The CW had green-lit the pilot for "The Vampire Diaries" with Williamson and Julie Plec set as the head writers and executive producers. On May 19, 2009, the series was officially ordered for the 2009–2010 season.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: The pilot episode was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia. However, the rest of the seasons have been filmed in Covington, Georgia (which doubles as the show's fictional small town of Mystic Falls, Virginia) and various other communities around Greater Atlanta to take advantage of local tax incentives. On the morning of May 10, 2012, a fire broke out in the building on Clark Street in Covington that was used as the setting for Mystic Grill on the show.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: The show's second season opened to favorable reviews. On Metacritic, it has a score of 78 (out of 100) based on reviews from 5 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". As the series progressed and developed into the third season, critics praised the portrayals of the main characters and the development of the female characters such as Elena Gilbert played by Nina Dobrev, Bonnie Bennett played by Kat Graham, and Caroline Forbes played by Candice King.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: The third-season finale, "The Departed", received critical acclaim. Diana Steenbergen of IGN praised the episode and the writers for clearing up a couple of storylines and making all of them come to ahead. She also praised Dobrev's performance in this episode, addressing her behavior as another reason the final revelation from Meredith was more shocking and believable. Similarly, Mandi Bierly of Entertainment Weekly review praised the writer's skills in creating a more unexpected final twist.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: The following is a table for the seasonal rankings based on average total estimated viewers per episode of "The Vampire Diaries." "Rank" refers to how "The Vampire Diaries" rated compared to the other television series, which aired during prime time hours.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: "The Vampire Diaries Season 2" will be available on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2011. Region B's releases varied; the United Kingdom on August 22, 2011, Brazil on August 25, 2011. "The Vampire Diaries: Season 3" will be available on DVD and Blu-ray on September 11 and A and on September 5, 2012, for Regions 4 and B. "The Vampire Diaries: Season 4" is available on DVD and Blu-ray in A as of September 15, 2013.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: In Japan, the fourth season was released in a special collection, including bonuses not available elsewhere. Included in the collection are an ankle bracelet, promotional image cards, and a booklet about the cast.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: Former president of entertainment at The CW, Dawn Ostroff, mentioned a spin-off idea in 2010 that she said could happen in a few years. A spin-off was in development for the 2011 fall line-up, but due to Kevin Williamson's commitment to "The Secret Circle", it was put on hold indefinitely.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: On January 11, 2013, it was announced that a back-door pilot focused on The Originals, starring Joseph Morgan as Klaus titled "The Originals" would air on April 25 for a potential series pick-up for the 2013–2014 season. This second spin-off attempt was carried out by Julie Plec with no involvement by Kevin Williamson.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: On April 26, 2013, The CW announced that "The Originals" had been ordered to the series premiere in the 2013–14 television season. "The Originals" premiered on October 3, 2013.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?


The Vampire Diaries

Context: Daniel Gillies as Elijah, Claire Holt as Rebekah, and Phoebe Tonkin as Hayley will also continue to play their characters, originally from "The Vampire Diaries", in the new spin-off series.

Question: 뱀파이어 다이어리 방송 시즌은 몇개인가요?