India and weapons of mass destruction

Context: Three airbases with four squadrons of Mirage 2000H (about 16 aircraft with 16 bombs from 1st and 7th squadrons of the 40th Wing at Maharajpur Air Force Station) and Jaguar IS/IB (about 32 aircraft with 32 bombs from one squadron each at Ambala Air Force Station and Gorakhpur Air Force Station) aircraft, are believed to be assigned the nuclear strike role.

Question: భారతదేశం వద్ద ఉన్న అతిశక్తివంతమైన ఆయుధం ఏది ?


India and weapons of mass destruction

Context: Since the implementation of the NSG waiver, India has signed nuclear deals with several countries including France, United States, Mongolia, Namibia, Kazakhstan and Australia while the framework for similar deals with Canada and the United Kingdom are also being prepared.

Question: భారతదేశం వద్ద ఉన్న అతిశక్తివంతమైన ఆయుధం ఏది ?


India and weapons of mass destruction

Context: India has a number of laws in whole or in partial measure that deal with the regulation of weapons of mass destruction. They include the Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Act of 2005. In April 2022 a bill was tabled to amend the 2005 act to include the financing of proliferation.

Question: భారతదేశం వద్ద ఉన్న అతిశక్తివంతమైన ఆయుధం ఏది ?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao desired to become a teacher and enrolled at the Fourth Normal School of Changsha, which soon merged with the First Normal School of Hunan, widely seen as the best in Hunan. Befriending Mao, professor Yang Changji urged him to read a radical newspaper, "New Youth" ("Xin qingnian"), the creation of his friend Chen Duxiu, a dean at Peking University. Although he was a supporter of Chinese nationalism, Chen argued that China must look to the west to cleanse itself of superstition and autocracy.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: In his first school year, Mao befriended an older student, Xiao Zisheng; together they went on a walking tour of Hunan, begging and writing literary couplets to obtain food.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao claimed that he missed the July 1922 Second Congress of the Communist Party in Shanghai because he lost the address. Adopting Lenin's advice, the delegates agreed to an alliance with the "bourgeois democrats" of the KMT for the good of the "national revolution". Communist Party members joined the KMT, hoping to push its politics leftward.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao enthusiastically agreed with this decision, arguing for an alliance across China's socio-economic classes, and eventually rose to become propaganda chief of the KMT. Mao was a vocal anti-imperialist and in his writings he lambasted the governments of Japan, the UK and US, describing the latter as "the most murderous of hangmen".

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: In 1928, Mao met and married He Zizhen, an 18-year-old revolutionary who would bear him six children.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao proclaimed the establishment of The People's Republic of China from the Gate of Heavenly Peace (Tian'anmen) on October 1, 1949, and later that week declared "The Chinese people have stood up" (). Mao went to Moscow for long talks in the winter of 1949–50. Mao initiated the talks which focused on the political and economic revolution in China, foreign policy, railways, naval bases, and Soviet economic and technical aid. The resulting treaty reflected Stalin's dominance and his willingness to help Mao.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao directed operations to the minutest detail. As the Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), he was also the Supreme Commander in Chief of the PLA and the People's Republic and Chairman of the Party. Chinese troops in Korea were under the overall command of then newly installed Premier Zhou Enlai, with General Peng Dehuai as field commander and political commissar.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: The Mao government is credited with eradicating both consumption and production of opium during the 1950s using unrestrained repression and social reform. Ten million addicts were forced into compulsory treatment, dealers were executed, and opium-producing regions were planted with new crops. Remaining opium production shifted south of the Chinese border into the Golden Triangle region.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: The success of the First-Five Year Plan encouraged Mao to instigate the Second Five-Year Plan in 1958. During this period, industrial output value doubled; the gross value of agricultural products increased by 35 percent; steel production in 1962 was between 10.6 million tons or 12 million tons; investment in capital construction rose 5 percent; investment in capital construction was doubled and the average income of workers and farmers increased by up to 30 percent.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Li Zhisui, Mao's physician, suggested that Mao had initially seen the policy as a way of weakening opposition to him within the party and that he was surprised by the extent of criticism and the fact that it came to be directed at his own leadership.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Under the Great Leap Forward, Mao and other party leaders ordered the implementation of a variety of unproven and unscientific new agricultural techniques by the new communes. The combined effect of the diversion of labour to steel production and infrastructure projects, and cyclical natural disasters led to an approximately 15% drop in grain production in 1959 followed by a further 10% decline in 1960 and no recovery in 1961.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: The extent of Mao's knowledge of the severity of the situation has been disputed. Mao's physician believed that he may have been unaware of the extent of the famine, partly due to a reluctance of local officials to criticise his policies, and the willingness of his staff to exaggerate or outright fake reports. Upon learning of the extent of the starvation, Mao vowed to stop eating meat, an action followed by his staff.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao stepped down as President of China on April 27, 1959; however, he retained other top positions such as Chairman of the Communist Party and of the Central Military Commission. The Presidency was transferred to Liu Shaoqi. He was eventually forced to abandon the policy in 1962, and he lost political power to Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Historian Daniel Leese writes that in the 1950s Mao's personality was hardening: "The impression of Mao's personality that emerges from the literature is disturbing. It reveals a certain temporal development from a down-to-earth leader, who was amicable when uncontested and occasionally reflected on the limits of his power, to an increasingly ruthless and self-indulgent dictator. Mao's preparedness to accept criticism decreased continuously."

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao's health declined in his last years, probably aggravated by his chain-smoking. It became a state secret that he suffered from multiple lung and heart ailments during his later years. There are unconfirmed reports that he possibly had Parkinson's disease in addition to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: On September 18, guns, sirens, whistles and horns across China were simultaneously blown and a mandatory three-minute silence was observed. Tiananmen Square was packed with millions of people and a military band played "The Internationale". Hua Guofeng concluded the service with a 20-minute-long eulogy atop Tiananmen Gate. Despite Mao's request to be cremated, his body was later permanently put on display in the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong, in order for the Chinese nation to pay its respects.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao gave contradicting statements on the subject of personality cults. In 1955, as a response to the Khrushchev Report that criticised Joseph Stalin, Mao stated that personality cults are "poisonous ideological survivals of the old society", and reaffirmed China's commitment to collective leadership. At the 1958 party congress in Chengdu, Mao expressed support for the personality cults of people whom he labelled as genuinely worthy figures, not those that expressed "blind worship".

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: In 1962, Mao proposed the Socialist Education Movement (SEM) in an attempt to educate the peasants to resist the "temptations" of feudalism and the sprouts of capitalism that he saw re-emerging in the countryside from Liu's economic reforms. Large quantities of politicised art were produced and circulated—with Mao at the centre. Numerous posters, badges, and musical compositions referenced Mao in the phrase "Chairman Mao is the red sun in our hearts" () and a "Savior of the people" ().

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: A 2016 survey by YouGov survey found that 42% of American millennials have never heard of Mao. According to the CIS poll, in 2019 only 21% of Australian millennials were familiar with Mao Zedong. In 2020s China, members of Generation Z are embracing Mao's revolutionary ideas, including violence against the capitalist class, amid rising social inequality, long working hours, and decreasing economic opportunities.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao's parents altogether had five sons and two daughters. Two of the sons and both daughters died young, leaving the three brothers Mao Zedong, Mao Zemin, and Mao Zetan. Like all three of Mao Zedong's wives, Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan were communists. Like Yang Kaihui, both Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan were killed in warfare during Mao Zedong's lifetime. Note that the character "zé" () appears in all of the siblings' given names; this is a common Chinese naming convention.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: From the next generation, Mao Zemin's son Mao Yuanxin was raised by Mao Zedong's family, and he became Mao Zedong's liaison with the Politburo in 1975. In Li Zhisui's "The Private Life of Chairman Mao", Mao Yuanxin played a role in the final power-struggles.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Through his ten children, Mao became grandfather to twelve grandchildren, many of whom he never knew. He has many great-grandchildren alive today. One of his granddaughters is businesswoman Kong Dongmei, one of the richest people in China. His grandson Mao Xinyu is a general in the Chinese army. Both he and Kong have written books about their grandfather.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao's private life was kept very secret at the time of his rule. After Mao's death, Li Zhisui, his personal physician, published "The Private Life of Chairman Mao", a memoir which mentions some aspects of Mao's private life, such as chain-smoking cigarettes, addiction to powerful sleeping pills and large number of sexual partners. Some scholars and some other people who also personally knew and worked with Mao have disputed the accuracy of these characterisations.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Having grown up in Hunan, Mao spoke Mandarin with a marked Hunanese accent. Ross Terrill wrote Mao was a "son of the soil ... rural and unsophisticated" in origins, while Clare Hollingworth said that Mao was proud of his "peasant ways and manners", having a strong Hunanese accent and providing "earthy" comments on sexual matters. Lee Feigon said that Mao's "earthiness" meant that he remained connected to "everyday Chinese life."

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Mao learned to speak some English, particularly through Zhang Hanzhi, his English teacher, interpreter and diplomat who later married Qiao Guanhua, Foreign Minister of China and the head of China's UN delegation. His spoken English was limited to a few single words, phrases, and some short sentences. He first chose to systematically learn English in the 1950s, which was very unusual as the main foreign language first taught in Chinese schools at that time was Russian.

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Mao Zedong

Context: Some of his most well-known poems are "Changsha" (1925), "The Double Ninth" (October 1929), "Loushan Pass" (1935), "The Long March" (1935), "Snow" (February 1936), "The PLA Captures Nanjing" (1949), "Reply to Li Shuyi" (May 11, 1957), and "Ode to the Plum Blossom" (December 1961).

Question: మావో జెడాంగ్ ఎప్పుడు మరణించాడు?


Telugu years

Context: In India, the Telugu year is the calendar year for the Telugu speaking people of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states.

Question: తెలుగు పంచాంగం ప్రకారం నూతన సంవత్సరం ఏ ఇంగ్లీష్ నెలలో ప్రారంభమవుతుంది?


Telugu years

Context: In ancient days Yogis (saints) interact directly with god, according to that, they have given information related to our Indian Kalachakra (time-cycle) in relation to Lord Brahma. Below is the Indian Kalachakra (time-cycle):

Question: తెలుగు పంచాంగం ప్రకారం నూతన సంవత్సరం ఏ ఇంగ్లీష్ నెలలో ప్రారంభమవుతుంది?


Telugu years

Context: 100 Brahma years = Brahma lifespan Maha-kalpa of 311.04 trillion years (followed by Maha-pralaya of equal length)

Question: తెలుగు పంచాంగం ప్రకారం నూతన సంవత్సరం ఏ ఇంగ్లీష్ నెలలో ప్రారంభమవుతుంది?


Yellow fever

Context: Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration. In most cases, symptoms include fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle pains – particularly in the back – and headaches. Symptoms typically improve within five days. In about 15% of people, within a day of improving the fever comes back, abdominal pain occurs, and liver damage begins causing yellow skin. If this occurs, the risk of bleeding and kidney problems is increased.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: The disease originated in Africa and spread to the Americas starting in the 15th century with the European trafficking of enslaved Africans from sub-Saharan Africa. Since the 17th century, several major outbreaks of the disease have occurred in the Americas, Africa, and Europe. In the 18th and 19th centuries, yellow fever was considered one of the most dangerous infectious diseases; numerous epidemics swept through major cities of the US and in other parts of the world.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Yellow fever begins after an incubation period of three to six days. Most cases cause only a mild infection with fever, headache, chills, back pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting. In these cases, the infection lasts only three to six days.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: But in 15% of cases, people enter a second, toxic phase of the disease characterized by recurring fever, this time accompanied by jaundice due to liver damage, as well as abdominal pain. Bleeding in the mouth, nose, the eyes, and the gastrointestinal tract cause vomit containing blood, hence the Spanish name for yellow fever, ("black vomit"). There may also be kidney failure, hiccups, and delirium.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Among those who develop jaundice, the fatality rate is 20 to 50%, while the overall fatality rate is about 3 to 7.5%. Severe cases may have a mortality greater than 50%.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Surviving the infection provides lifelong immunity, and normally results in no permanent organ damage.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Yellow fever can lead to death for 20% to 50% of those who develop severe disease. Jaundice, fatigue, heart rhythm problems, seizures and internal bleeding may also appear as complications of yellow fever during recovery time.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: In Africa, a third infectious cycle known as "savannah cycle" or intermediate cycle, occurs between the jungle and urban cycles. Different mosquitoes of the genus "Aedes" are involved. In recent years, this has been the most common form of transmission of yellow fever in Africa.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Concern exists about yellow fever spreading to southeast Asia, where its vector "A. aegypti" already occurs.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: After transmission from a mosquito, the viruses replicate in the lymph nodes and infect dendritic cells in particular. From there, they reach the liver and infect hepatocytes (probably indirectly via Kupffer cells), which leads to eosinophilic degradation of these cells and to the release of cytokines. Apoptotic masses known as Councilman bodies appear in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Yellow fever is most frequently a clinical diagnosis, based on symptomatology and travel history. Mild cases of the disease can only be confirmed virologically. Since mild cases of yellow fever can also contribute significantly to regional outbreaks, every suspected case of yellow fever (involving symptoms of fever, pain, nausea, and vomiting 6–10 days after leaving the affected area) is treated seriously.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: If yellow fever is suspected, the virus cannot be confirmed until 6–10 days following the illness. A direct confirmation can be obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, where the genome of the virus is amplified. Another direct approach is the isolation of the virus and its growth in cell culture using blood plasma; this can take 1–4 weeks.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Liver biopsy can verify inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes and detect viral antigens. Because of the bleeding tendency of yellow fever patients, a biopsy is only advisable "post mortem" to confirm the cause of death.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: In a differential diagnosis, infections with yellow fever must be distinguished from other feverish illnesses such as malaria. Other viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Ebola virus, Lassa virus, Marburg virus, and Junin virus, must be excluded as the cause.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: The Yellow Fever Initiative, launched by the WHO in 2006, vaccinated more than 105 million people in 14 countries in West Africa. No outbreaks were reported during 2015. The campaign was supported by the GAVI alliance and governmental organizations in Europe and Africa. According to the WHO, mass vaccination cannot eliminate yellow fever because of the vast number of infected mosquitoes in urban areas of the target countries, but it will significantly reduce the number of people infected.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: In March 2017, the WHO launched a vaccination campaign in Brazil with 3.5 million doses from an emergency stockpile. In March 2017 the WHO recommended vaccination for travellers to certain parts of Brazil. In March 2018, Brazil shifted its policy and announced it planned to vaccinate all 77.5 million currently unvaccinated citizens by April 2019.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Control of the yellow fever mosquito "A. aegypti" is of major importance, especially because the same mosquito can also transmit dengue fever and chikungunya disease. "A. aegypti" breeds preferentially in water, for example, in installations by inhabitants of areas with precarious drinking water supplies, or in domestic refuse, especially tires, cans, and plastic bottles. These conditions are common in urban areas in developing countries.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: The second strategy is to reduce populations of the adult yellow fever mosquito. Lethal ovitraps can reduce "Aedes" populations, using lesser amounts of pesticide because it targets the pest directly. Curtains and lids of water tanks can be sprayed with insecticides, but application inside houses is not recommended by the WHO. Insecticide-treated mosquito nets are effective, just as they are against the "Anopheles" mosquito that carries malaria.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Yellow fever is common in tropical and subtropical areas of South America and Africa. Worldwide, about 600 million people live in endemic areas. The WHO estimates 200,000 cases of yellow fever worldwide each year. About 15% of people infected with yellow fever progress to a severe form of the illness, and up to half of those will die, as there is no cure for yellow fever.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: An estimated 90% of yellow fever infections occur on the African continent. In 2016, a large outbreak originated in Angola and spread to neighboring countries before being contained by a massive vaccination campaign. In March and April 2016, 11 imported cases of the Angola genotype in unvaccinated Chinese nationals were reported in China, the first appearance of the disease in Asia in recorded history.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: The main vector ("A. aegypti") also occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, the Pacific, and Australia, but yellow fever has never occurred there, until jet travel introduced 11 cases from the 2016 Angola and DR Congo yellow fever outbreak in Africa. Proposed explanations include:

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: But none is considered satisfactory. Another proposal is the absence of a slave trade to Asia on the scale of that to the Americas. The trans-Atlantic slave trade probably introduced yellow fever into the Western Hemisphere from Africa.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: The first definitive outbreak of yellow fever in the New World was in 1647 on the island of Barbados. An outbreak was recorded by Spanish colonists in 1648 in the Yucatán Peninsula, where the indigenous Mayan people called the illness "xekik" ("blood vomit"). In 1685, Brazil suffered its first epidemic in Recife. The first mention of the disease by the name "yellow fever" occurred in 1744.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: However, Dr. Mitchell misdiagnosed the disease that he observed and treated, and the disease was probably Weil's disease or hepatitis. See: </ref> McNeill argues that the environmental and ecological disruption caused by the introduction of sugar plantations created the conditions for mosquito and viral reproduction, and subsequent outbreaks of yellow fever. Deforestation reduced populations of insectivorous birds and other creatures that fed on mosquitoes and their eggs.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: The southern city of New Orleans was plagued with major epidemics during the 19th century, most notably in 1833 and 1853. A major epidemic occurred in both New Orleans and Shreveport, Louisiana in 1873. Its residents called the disease "yellow jack". Urban epidemics continued in the United States until 1905, with the last outbreak affecting New Orleans.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: At least 25 major outbreaks took place in the Americas during the 18th and 19th centuries, including particularly serious ones in Cartagena, Chile, in 1741; Cuba in 1762 and 1900; Santo Domingo in 1803; and Memphis, Tennessee, in 1878.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Major outbreaks have also occurred in southern Europe. Gibraltar lost many lives to outbreaks in 1804, 1814, and 1828. Barcelona suffered the loss of several thousand citizens during an outbreak in 1821. The Duke de Richelieu deployed 30,000 French troops to the border between France and Spain in the Pyrenees Mountains, to establish a "cordon sanitaire" in order to prevent the epidemic from spreading from Spain into France.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: Ezekiel Stone Wiggins, known as the Ottawa Prophet, proposed that the cause of a yellow fever epidemic in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1888, was astrological.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: During 1920–1923, the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Board undertook an expensive and successful yellow fever eradication campaign in Mexico. The IHB gained the respect of Mexico's federal government because of the success. The eradication of yellow fever strengthened the relationship between the US and Mexico, which had not been very good in the years prior. The eradication of yellow fever was also a major step toward better global health.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: In 1927, scientists isolated the "yellow fever virus" in West Africa. Following this, two vaccines were developed in the 1930s. Max Theiler led the completion of the 17D yellow fever vaccine in 1937, for which he was subsequently awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. That vaccine, 17D, is still in use, although newer vaccines, based on vero cells, are in development (as of 2018).

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Yellow fever

Context: In Africa, virus eradication programs have mostly relied upon vaccination. These programs have largely been unsuccessful because they were unable to break the sylvatic cycle involving wild primates. With few countries establishing regular vaccination programs, measures to fight yellow fever have been neglected, making the future spread of the virus more likely.

Question: 2017నాటికి దోమ వల్ల ఎక్కువ జనం చనిపోయిన సంవత్సరంలో ఏది?


Locomotive

Context: A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. If a locomotive is capable of carrying a payload, it is usually rather referred to as a multiple unit, motor coach, railcar or power car; the use of these self-propelled vehicles is increasingly common for passenger trains, but rare for freight (see CargoSprinter).

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However, push-pull operation has become common, where the train may have a locomotive (or locomotives) at the front, at the rear, or at each end. Most recently railroads have begun adopting DPU or distributed power. The front may have one or two locomotives followed by a mid-train locomotive that is controlled remotely from the lead unit.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: The word locomotive originates from the Latin "loco" – "from a place", ablative of "locus" "place", and the Medieval Latin "motivus", "causing motion", and is a shortened form of the term "locomotive engine", which was first used in 1814 to distinguish between self-propelled and stationary steam engines.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Prior to locomotives, the motive force for railways had been generated by various lower-technology methods such as human power, horse power, gravity or stationary engines that drove cable systems. Few such systems are still in existence today. Locomotives may generate their power from fuel (wood, coal, petroleum or natural gas), or they may take power from an outside source of electricity. It is common to classify locomotives by their source of energy. The common ones include:

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Internal combustion locomotives use an internal combustion engine, connected to the driving wheels by a transmission. Typically they keep the engine running at a near-constant speed whether the locomotive is stationary or moving. Internal combustion locomotives are categorised by their fuel type and sub-categorised by their transmission type.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Kerosene locomotives use kerosene as the fuel. They were the world's first internal combustion locomotives, preceding diesel and other oil locomotives by some years. The first known kerosene rail vehicle was a draisine built by Gottlieb Daimler in 1887, but this was not technically a locomotive as it carried a payload.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Petrol locomotives use petrol (gasoline) as their fuel. The first commercially successful petrol locomotive was a petrol-mechanical locomotive built by the Maudslay Motor Company in 1902, for the Deptford Cattle Market in London. It was an 80 hp locomotive using a 3-cylinder vertical petrol engine, with a two speed mechanical gearbox.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: The most common type of petrol locomotive are petrol-mechanical locomotives, which use mechanical transmission in the form of gearboxes (sometimes in conjunction with chain drives) to deliver the power output of the engine to the driving wheels, in the same way as a car. The second petrol-mechanical locomotive was built by F.C. Blake of Kew in January 1903 for the Richmond Main Sewerage Board.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Diesel locomotives are powered by diesel engines. In the early days of diesel propulsion development, various transmission systems were employed with varying degrees of success, with electric transmission proving to be the most popular.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Diesel–electric locomotives are diesel locomotives using electric transmission. The diesel engine drives either an electrical DC generator (generally, less than net for traction), or an electrical AC alternator-rectifier (generally net or more for traction), the output of which provides power to the traction motors that drive the locomotive. There is no mechanical connection between the diesel engine and the wheels. The vast majority of diesel locomotives today are diesel-electric.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Diesel–hydraulic locomotives are diesel locomotives using hydraulic transmission. In this arrangement, they use one or more torque converters, in combination with gears, with a mechanical final drive to convey the power from the diesel engine to the wheels.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: The main worldwide user of main-line hydraulic transmissions was the Federal Republic of Germany, with designs including the 1950s DB Class V 200, and the 1960 and 1970s DB V 160 family. British Rail introduced a number of diesel hydraulic designs during it 1955 Modernisation Plan, initially license built versions of German designs. In Spain Renfe used high power to weight ratio twin engined German designs to haul high speed trains from the 1960s to 1990s. (see Renfe Classes 340, 350, 352, 353, 354).

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Hydrostatic drive systems have also been applied to rail use, for example shunting locomotives by CMI Group (Belgium). Hydrostatic drives are also used in railway maintenance machines such as tampers and rail grinders.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: A gas turbine locomotive is an internal combustion engine locomotive consisting of a gas turbine. ICE engines require a transmission to power the wheels. The engine must be allowed to continue to run when the locomotive is stopped.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Various collection methods exist: a trolley pole, which is a long flexible pole that engages the line with a wheel or shoe; a bow collector, which is a frame that holds a long collecting rod against the wire; a pantograph, which is a hinged frame that holds the collecting shoes against the wire in a fixed geometry; or a contact shoe, which is a shoe in contact with the third rail. Of the three, the pantograph method is best suited for high-speed operation.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network and distributed to the trains. Some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own distribution lines, switches and transformers.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Electric locomotives usually cost 20% less than diesel locomotives, their maintenance costs are 25–35% lower, and cost up to 50% less to run.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: The first electrically worked underground line was the City & South London Railway, prompted by a clause in its enabling act prohibiting use of steam power. It opened in 1890, using electric locomotives built by Mather & Platt. Electricity quickly became the power supply of choice for subways, abetted by the Sprague's invention of multiple-unit train control in 1897.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: The first use of electrification on a main line was on a four-mile stretch of the Baltimore Belt Line of the Baltimore & Ohio (B&O) in 1895 connecting the main portion of the B&O to the new line to New York through a series of tunnels around the edges of Baltimore's downtown. Three Bo+Bo units were initially used, at the south end of the electrified section; they coupled onto the locomotive and train and pulled it through the tunnels.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: DC was used on earlier systems. These systems were gradually replaced by AC. Today, almost all main-line railways use AC systems. DC systems are confined mostly to urban transit such as metro systems, light rail and trams, where power requirement is less.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: In 1894, Hungarian engineer Kálmán Kandó developed a new type 3-phase asynchronous electric drive motors and generators for electric locomotives.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Kandó's early 1894 designs were first applied in a short three-phase AC tramway in Evian-les-Bains (France), which was constructed between 1896 and 1898. In 1918, Kandó invented and developed the rotary phase converter, enabling electric locomotives to use three-phase motors whilst supplied via a single overhead wire, carrying the simple industrial frequency (50 Hz) single phase AC of the high voltage national networks.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: A battery-electric locomotive (or battery locomotive) is an electric locomotive powered by on-board batteries; a kind of battery electric vehicle.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Steam-diesel hybrid locomotives can use steam generated from a boiler or diesel to power a piston engine. The "Cristiani Compressed Steam System" used a diesel engine to power a compressor to drive and recirculate steam produced by a boiler; effectively using steam as the power transmission medium, with the diesel engine being the prime mover

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: In the 1940s, diesel locomotives began to displace steam power on American railroads. Following the end of World War II, diesel power began to appear on railroads in many countries. The significantly better economics of diesel operation triggered a dash to diesel power, a process known as Dieselisation. By the late 1990s, only heritage railways continued to operate steam locomotives in most countries.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: In 2002, the first 3.6 tonne, 17 kW hydrogen (fuel cell) -powered mining locomotive was demonstrated in Val-d'Or, Quebec. In 2007 the educational mini-hydrail in Kaohsiung, Taiwan went into service. The Railpower GG20B finally is another example of a fuel cell-electric locomotive.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: There are many different types of hybrid or dual-mode locomotives using two or more types of motive power. The most common hybrids are electro-diesel locomotives powered either from an electricity supply or else by an onboard diesel engine. These are used to provide continuous journeys along routes that are only partly electrified. Examples include the EMD FL9 and Bombardier ALP-45DP

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: There are three main uses of locomotives in rail transport operations: for hauling passenger trains, freight trains, and for switching (UK English: shunting).

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Most steam locomotives have reciprocating engines, with pistons coupled to the driving wheels by means of connecting rods, with no intervening gearbox. This means the combination of starting tractive effort and maximum speed is greatly influenced by the diameter of the driving wheels. Steam locomotives intended for freight service generally have smaller diameter driving wheels than passenger locomotives.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: In diesel-electric and electric locomotives the control system between the traction motors and axles adapts the power output to the rails for freight or passenger service. Passenger locomotives may include other features, such as head-end power (also referred to as hotel power or electric train supply) or a steam generator.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Some locomotives are designed specifically to work steep grade railways, and feature extensive additional braking mechanisms and sometimes rack and pinion. Steam locomotives built for steep rack and pinion railways frequently have the boiler tilted relative to the locomotive frame, so that the boiler remains roughly level on steep grades.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: Locomotives are also used on some High-speed trains: All TGV, many AVE, some Korea Train Express and the now-retired ICE 1 and ICE 2 trains all use locomotives, which may also be known as power cars. Using power cars easily allows for a high ride quality and less electrical equipment, but when compared with electric multiple units, they also offer lower acceleration and higher axle weights (for the power cars) The KTX-Sancheon and ICE 1 use a mixture of electric multiple units and power cars.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: The wheel arrangement of a locomotive describes how many wheels it has; common methods include the AAR wheel arrangement, UIC classification, and Whyte notation systems.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: In the second half of the twentieth century remote control locomotives started to enter service in switching operations, being remotely controlled by an operator outside of the locomotive cab.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Locomotive

Context: The main benefit is one operator can control the loading of grain, coal, gravel, etc. into the cars. In addition, the same operator can move the train as needed. Thus, the locomotive is loaded or unloaded in about a third of the time.

Question: లోకోమోటివ్ బాయిలరును మొదట ఏ దేశంలో ప్రవేశపెట్టారు?


Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Context: The Sixteenth Amendment (Amendment XVI) to the United States Constitution allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states on the basis of population. It was passed by Congress in 1909 in response to the 1895 Supreme Court case of "Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co." The Sixteenth Amendment was ratified by the requisite number of states on February 3, 1913, and effectively overruled the Supreme Court's ruling in "Pollock".

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: This clause basically refers to a tax on property, such as a tax based on the value of land, as well as a capitation.

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: Before "Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.", all income taxes had been considered to be indirect taxes imposed without respect to geography, unlike direct taxes, that have to be apportioned among the states according to population.

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: In 1894, an amendment was attached to the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act that attempted to impose a federal tax of two percent on incomes over $4,000 (equal to $,000 in ). The federal income tax was strongly favored in the South, and it was moderately supported in the eastern North Central states, but it was strongly opposed in the Far West and the Northeastern States (with the exception of New Jersey). The tax was derided as "un-Democratic, inquisitorial, and wrong in principle".

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: Members of Congress responded to "Pollock" by expressing widespread concern that many of the wealthiest Americans had consolidated too much economic power. Nonetheless, in the years after "Pollock", Congress did not implement another federal income tax, partly because many Congressmen feared that any tax would be struck down by the Supreme Court. Few considered attempting to impose an apportioned income tax, since such a tax was widely regarded as unworkable.

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: On June 16, 1909, President William Howard Taft, in an address to the Sixty-first Congress, proposed a two percent federal income tax on corporations by way of an excise tax and a constitutional amendment to allow the previously enacted income tax.

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: Three advocates for a federal income tax ran in the presidential election of 1912. On February 25, 1913, Secretary of State Philander Knox proclaimed that the amendment had been ratified by three-fourths of the states and so had become part of the Constitution. The Revenue Act of 1913, which greatly lowered tariffs and implemented a federal income tax, was enacted shortly after the Sixteenth Amendment was ratified.

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: According to the United States Government Publishing Office, the following states ratified the amendment:

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: Ratification (by the requisite 36 states) was completed on February 3, 1913, with the ratification by Delaware. The amendment was subsequently ratified by the following states, bringing the total number of ratifying states to forty-two of the forty-eight then existing:

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: The legislatures of the following states rejected the amendment without ever subsequently ratifying it:

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: Congress may impose taxes on income from any source without having to apportion the total dollar amount of tax collected from each state according to each state's population in relation to the total national population.

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: In the late 19th century and early 20th century, many legal observers believed that the Supreme Court had erred in designating some income taxes as direct taxes. The Supreme Court had previously rejected the argument that income taxes constituted direct taxes in "Springer v. United States" (1881). Some legal scholars continue to question whether the Supreme Court ruled correctly in "Pollock", but others contend that the original meaning of direct taxes did indeed include income taxes.

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: The federal courts' interpretations of the Sixteenth Amendment have changed considerably over time and there have been many disputes about the applicability of the amendment.

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Context: Federal courts have ruled that the Sixteenth Amendment allows a direct tax on "wages, salaries, commissions, etc. without apportionment".

Question: భారతీయ ఆదాయ పన్ను చట్టం ఎప్పటి నుండి అమలులోకి వచ్చింది?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: Kazakhstan is located in Central Asia (with 4% of the country in Eastern Europe). With an area of about Kazakhstan is more than twice the combined size of the other four Central Asian states and 60% larger than Alaska. The country borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan to the south; Russia to the north; Russia and the Caspian Sea to the west; and China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to the east.

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: Many of the peaks of the Altay and Tien Shan ranges are covered with snow, year-round, and their runoff is the source for most of Kazakhstan's freshwater rivers, streams, and lakes. Kazakhstan's Almaty region is also home to the Mynzhylky mountain plateau.

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: The climate in Kazakhstan is continental, maybe a little arid. In summer the temperatures average more than and in winter average .

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: Despite the nation's relatively low precipitation rates and arid geography (at most of its parts at least), spring floods that can occasionally be brought on by heavy rainfall and melting snow, are not unusual in the northern and central regions of the country. In April 2017, following a winter which had left snow volumes exceeding the average by 60 percent, heavy rains wrought widespread damage and temporarily displaced thousands of people.

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: By contrast, the water level of the Caspian Sea has been rising steadily since 1978 for reasons that scientists have not been able to explain fully. At the northern end of the sea, more than 10,000 square kilometres of land in Atyrau Province have been flooded. Experts estimate that if current rates of increase persist, the coastal city of Atyrau, eighty-eight other population centers, and many of Kazakhstan's Caspian oil fields could be submerged soon.

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: Wind erosion has also affected the northern and central parts of the republic because of the introduction of wide-scale dryland wheat farming. During the 1950s and 1960s, much soil was lost when vast tracts of Kazakhstan's prairies were plowed under as part of Khrushchev's Virgin Lands agricultural project. By the mid-1990s, an estimated 60 percent of the republic's pastureland was in various stages of desertification.

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: Industrial pollution is a bigger concern in Kazakhstan's manufacturing cities, where aging factories pump huge quantities of unfiltered pollutants into the air and groundwater. The former capital, Almaty, is particularly threatened, in part because of the postindependence boom in private automobile ownership.

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: The gravest environmental threat to Kazakhstan comes from radiation, especially in the Semey (Semipalatinsk) region of the northeast, where the Soviet Union tested almost 500 nuclear weapons, 116 of them above ground. Often, such tests were conducted without evacuating or even alerting the local population. Although nuclear testing was halted in 1990, radiation poisoning, birth defects, severe anemia, and leukemia are thought to be very common in the area.

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: Once its major ecological objective was achieved, Nevada-Semipalatinsk made various attempts to broaden into a more general political movement; it has not pursued a broad ecological or "green" agenda. A very small green party, Tabigat, made common cause with the political opposition in the parliament of 1994.

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: * Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution (MARPOL 73/78)

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Geography of Kazakhstan

Context: * Border countries: the People's Republic of China (to the southeast) , Kyrgyzstan (to the southeast) , Russia (to the north) , Turkmenistan (to the southwest) , Uzbekistan (to the south) .

Question: కజకిస్థాన్ దేశ విస్తీర్ణత ఎంత?


Partition of India

Context: The Muslim League conducted its investigation into the conditions of Muslims under Congress-governed provinces. The findings of such investigations increased fear among the Muslim masses of future Hindu domination. The view that Muslims would be unfairly treated in an independent India dominated by the Congress was now a part of the public discourse of Muslims.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: The Indian political leaders had accepted the Plan on 2 June. It could not deal with the question of the princely states, which were not British possessions, but on 3 June Mountbatten advised them against remaining independent and urged them to join one of the two new Dominions.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous areas, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: The Punjab—the region of the five rivers east of Indus: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—consists of inter-fluvial "doabs" ('two rivers'), or tracts of land lying between two confluent rivers (see map on the right):

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Massive population exchanges occurred between the two newly formed states in the months immediately following the partition. There was no conception that population transfers would be necessary because of the partitioning. Religious minorities were expected to stay put in the states they found themselves residing in. However, an exception was made for Punjab, where the transfer of populations was organized because of the communal violence affecting the province, this did not apply to other provinces.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Lawrence James observed that "Sir Francis Mudie, the governor of West Punjab, estimated that 500,000 Muslims died trying to enter his province, while the British High Commissioner in Karachi put the full total at 800,000. This makes nonsense of the claim by Mountbatten and his partisans that only 200,000 were killed": [James 1998: 636].

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Nehru wrote to Gandhi on 22 August that, up to that point, twice as many Muslims had been killed in East Punjab than Hindus and Sikhs in West Punjab.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Thousands of Hindus, located in the districts of East Bengal, which were awarded to Pakistan, found themselves being attacked, and this religious persecution forced hundreds of thousands of Hindus from East Bengal to seek refuge in India. The massive influx of Hindu refugees into Calcutta affected the demographics of the city. Many Muslims left the city for East Pakistan, and the refugee families occupied some of their homes and properties.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Total migration across Bengal during the partition is estimated at 3.3 million: 2.6 million Hindus moved from East Pakistan to India and 0.7 million Muslims moved from India to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Despite the migration, a significant Sindhi Hindu population still resides in Pakistan's Sindh province, where they number at around 2.3 million as per Pakistan's 1998 census. Some districts in Sindh had a Hindu majority like Tharparkar District, Umerkot, Mirpurkhas, Sanghar and Badin, but these have decreased drastically due to persecution.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Due to the religious persecution of Hindus in Pakistan, Hindus from Sindh are still migrating to India.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: An estimated 642,000 Muslims migrated to Pakistan, of which 75% went to Karachi largely due to business interests. The 1951 Census registered a drop of the Muslim population in the state from 13% in 1941 to 7% in 1951.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: The number of incoming refugees was also quite large, with over a million people migrating to Gujarat.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Tens of thousands of Muslims were driven to refugee camps regardless of their political affiliations, and numerous historical sites in Delhi such as the Purana Qila, Idgah, and Nizamuddin were transformed into refugee camps. In fact, many Hindu and Sikh refugees eventually occupied the abandoned houses of Delhi's Muslim inhabitants.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: At the culmination of the tensions, total migration in Delhi during the partition is estimated at 830,000 people; around 330,000 Muslims had migrated to Pakistan and around 500,000 Hindus & Sikhs migrated from Pakistan to Delhi. The 1951 Census registered a drop of the Muslim population in the city from 33.2% in 1941 to 5.3% in 1951.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: In Alwar and Bahawalpur communal sentiments extended to higher echelons of government, and the prime ministers of these States were said to have been involved in planning and directly overseeing the cleansing. In Bikaner, by contrast, the organisation occurred at much lower levels.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: According to the 1951 Census of India, 2% of India's population were refugees (1.3% from West Pakistan and 0.7% from East Pakistan).

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Hindus fleeing from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) were settled across Eastern, Central and Northeastern India, many ending up in neighbouring Indian states such as West Bengal, Assam, and Tripura. Substantial number of refugees were also settled in Madhya Pradesh (incl. Chhattisgarh) Bihar (incl. Jharkhand), Odisha and Andaman islands (where Bengalis today form the largest linguistic group)

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Sindhi Hindus settled predominantly in Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan. Substantial, however, were also settled in Madhya Pradesh, A few also settled in Delhi. A new township was established for Sindhi Hindu refugees in Maharashtra. The Governor-General of India, Sir Rajagopalachari, laid the foundation for this township and named it Ulhasnagar ('city of joy').

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Substantial communities of Hindu Gujarati and Marathi Refugees who had lived in cities of Sindh and Southern Punjab were also resettled in Cities of Modern-day Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: A small community of Pashtun Hindus from Loralai, Balochistan was also settled City of Jaipur. Today they number around 1,000.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: The 1951 Census of Pakistan recorded that the most significant number of Muslim refugees came from the East Punjab and nearby Rajputana states (Alwar and Bharatpur). They numbered 5,783,100 and constituted 80.1% of Pakistan's total refugee population. This was the effect of the retributive ethnic cleansing on both sides of the Punjab where the Muslim population of East Punjab was forcibly expelled like the Hindu/Sikh population in West Punjab.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Migration from other regions of India were as follows: Bihar, West Bengal and Orissa, 700,300 or 9.8%; UP and Delhi 464,200 or 6.4%; Gujarat and Bombay, 160,400 or 2.2%; Bhopal and Hyderabad 95,200 or 1.2%; and Madras and Mysore 18,000 or 0.2%.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: So far as their settlement in Pakistan is concerned, 97.4% of the refugees from East Punjab and its contiguous areas went to West Punjab; 95.9% from Bihar, West Bengal and Orissa to the erstwhile East Pakistan; 95.5% from UP and Delhi to West Pakistan, mainly in Karachi Division of Sindh; 97.2% from Bhopal and Hyderabad to West Pakistan, mainly Karachi; and 98.9% from Bombay and Gujarat to West Pakistan, largely to Karachi; and 98.9% from Madras and Mysore went to West Pakistan, mainly Karachi.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: NWFP and Baluchistan received the lowest number of migrants. NWFP received 51,100 migrants (0.7% of the migrant population) while Baluchistan received 28,000 (0.4% of the migrant population).

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: The Government undertook a census of refugees in West Punjab in 1948, which displayed their place of origin in India.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: A study of the total population inflows and outflows in the districts of Punjab, using the data provided by the 1931 and 1951 Census has led to an estimate of 1.3 million missing Muslims who left western India but did not reach Pakistan. The corresponding number of missing Hindus/Sikhs along the western border is estimated to be approximately 0.8 million. This puts the total of missing people, due to partition-related migration along the Punjab border, to around 2.2 million.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Another study of the demographic consequences of partition in the Punjab region using the 1931, 1941 and 1951 censuses concluded that between 2.3 and 3.2 million people went missing in the Punjab.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: In the aftermath of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, 3,500 Muslim families migrated from the Indian part of the Thar Desert to the Pakistani section of the Thar Desert. 400 families were settled in Nagar after the 1965 war and an additional 3000 settled in the Chachro taluka in Sindh province of West Pakistan. The government of Pakistan provided each family with 12 acres of land. According to government records, this land totalled 42,000 acres.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: In 1978, India gave citizenship to 55,000 Pakistani Hindus. By the time of the 1998 Census of Pakistan, Muslims made up 64.4% of the population and Hindus 35.6% of the population in Tharparkar.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Around 70,000 Hindus migrated to India due to increased persecution in the aftermath of the riots and mob attacks in response to Demolition of the Babri Masjid.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: In August 2017, The Arts and Cultural Heritage Trust (TAACHT) of United Kingdom set up what they describe as "the world's first Partition Museum" at Town Hall in Amritsar, Punjab. The Museum, which is open from Tuesday to Sunday, offers multimedia exhibits and documents that describe both the political process that led to partition and carried it forward, and video and written narratives offered by survivors of the events.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: A 2019 book by Kavita Puri, "Partition Voices: Untold British Stories", based on the BBC Radio 4 documentary series of the same name, includes interviews with about two dozen people who witnessed partition and subsequently migrated to Britain.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Conservative elements in England consider the partition of India to be the moment that the British Empire ceased to be a world power, following Curzon's dictum: "the loss of India would mean that Britain drop straight away to a third-rate power."

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: In their authoritative study of the partition, Ian Talbot and Gurharpal Singh have shown that the partition was not the inevitable end of the so-called British 'divide and rule policy' nor was it the inevitable end of Hindu-Muslim differences.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: A cross-border student initiative, "The History Project", was launched in 2014 to explore the differences in perception of the events during the British era, which led to the partition. The project resulted in a book that explains both interpretations of the shared a history in Pakistan and India.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: The partition of India and the associated bloody riots inspired many in India and Pakistan to create literary, cinematic, and artistic depictions of this event. While some creations depicted the massacres during the refugee migration, others concentrated on the aftermath of the partition in terms of difficulties faced by the refugees in both side of the border. Even now, more than 70 years after the partition, works of fiction, films, and art are made that relate to the events of partition.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: There is a paucity of films related to the independence and partition. Early films relating to the circumstances of the independence, partition and the aftermath include:

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: From the late 1990s onwards, more films on the theme of partition were made, including several mainstream ones, such as:

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: The biographical films "Gandhi" (1982), "Jinnah" (1998), "Sardar" (1993), and "Bhaag Milkha Bhaag" (2013) also feature independence and partition as significant events in their screenplay.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: The 2013 Google India "Reunion" advertisement, about the partition of India, has had a strong impact in India and Pakistan, leading to hope for the easing of travel restrictions between the two countries. The advertisement went viral and was viewed more than 1.6 million times before officially debuting on television on 15 November 2013.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


Partition of India

Context: Contemporary Indian artists that have made significant artworks about the Partition are Nalini Malani, Anjolie Ela Menon, Satish Gujral, Nilima Sheikh, Arpita Singh, Krishen Khanna, Pran Nath Mago, S. L. Parasher, Arpana Caur, Tayeba Begum Lipi, Mahbubur Rahman, Promotesh D Pulak, and Pritika Chowdhry.

Question: పాకిస్తాన్ భారత్ నుండి ఎప్పుడు విడిపోయింది?


C. V. Raman

Context: The Raman effect was discovered on 28 February 1928. The day is celebrated annually by the Government of India as the National Science Day. In 1954, the Government of India honoured him with the first Bharat Ratna, its highest civilian award. He later smashed the medallion in protest against Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's policies on scientific research.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: Aware of Raman's capacity, his physics teacher Rhishard Llewellyn Jones insisted he continue research in England. Jones arranged for Raman's physical inspection with Colonel (Sir Gerald) Giffard. Raman often had poor health and was considered as a "weakling." The inspection revealed that he would not withstand the harsh weathers of England, the incident of which he later recalled, and said, "[Giffard] examined me and certified that I was going to die of tuberculosis… if I were to go to England."

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: With his former student Panchapakesa Krishnamurti, Raman started a company called Travancore Chemical and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in 1943. The company, renamed as TCM Limited in 1996, was one of the first organic and inorganic chemical manufacturers in India. In 1947, Raman was appointed the first National Professor by the new government of independent India.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: Raman retired from IISC in 1948 and established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore a year later. He served as its director and remained active there until his death in 1970.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: As soon as the "S.S. Narkunda" docked in Bombay Harbour (now Mumbai Harbour), Raman finished an article "The colour of the sea" that was published in the November 1921 issue of "Nature". He noted that Rayleigh's explanation is "questionable by a simple mode of observation" (using Nicol prism). As he thought:

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: Raman was confident that he would win the Nobel Prize in Physics as well but was disappointed when the Nobel Prize went to Owen Richardson in 1928 and to Louis de Broglie in 1929. He was so confident of winning the prize in 1930 that he booked tickets in July, even though the awards were to be announced in November. He would scan each day's newspaper for announcement of the prize, tossing it away if it did not carry the news. He did eventually win that year.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: Raman had association with the Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi. He attended the foundation ceremony of BHU and delivered lectures on mathematics and "Some new paths in physics" during the lecture series organised at the university from 5 to 8 February 1916. He also held the position of permanent visiting professor.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: With Suri Bhagavantam, he determined the spin of photons in 1932, which further confirmed the quantum nature of light. With another student, Nagendra Nath, he provided the correct theoretical explanation for the acousto-optic effect (light scattering by sound waves) in a series of articles resulting in the celebrated Raman–Nath theory. Modulators, and switching systems based on this effect have enabled optical communication components based on laser systems.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: Other investigations he carried out included experimental and theoretical studies on the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies, and those on the effects produced by X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light which were published between 1935 and 1942.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: They had two sons, Chandrasekhar Raman and Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, a radio astronomer. Raman was the paternal uncle of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, recipient of the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: Throughout his life, Raman developed an extensive personal collection of stones, minerals, and materials with interesting light-scattering properties, which he obtained from his world travels and as gifts. He often carried a small, handheld spectroscope to study specimens. These, along with his spectrograph, are on display at IISc.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: Lord Rutherford was instrumental in some of Raman's most pivotal moments in life. He nominated Raman for the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, presented him the Hughes Medal as President of the Royal Society in 1930, and recommended him for the position of Director at IISc in 1932.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: At the end of October 1970, Raman had a cardiac arrest and collapsed in his laboratory. He was moved to the hospital where doctors diagnosed his condition and declared that he would not survive another four hours. He however survived a few days and requested to stay in the gardens of his institute surrounded by his followers.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: The Nobel Committee proposed only Raman's name to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the Nobel Prize. Evidence later appeared that the Russians had discovered the phenomenon earlier, a week before Raman and Krishnan's discovery. According to Mandelstam's letter (to Orest Khvolson), the Russian had observed the spectral line on 21 February 1928.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: Raman described AICC authorities as "a big "tamasha"" (drama or spectacle) that just kept on discussing issues without action. As to problems of food resources in India, his advice to the government was, "We must stop breeding like pigs and the matter will solve itself."

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: Raman never seemed to have thought highly of the Fellowship of the Royal Society. He tendered his resignation as a Fellow on 9 March 1968, which the Council of the Royal Society accepted on 4 April. However, the exact reason was not documented. One reason could be Raman's objection to the designation "British subjects" as one of the categories of the Fellows. Particularly after the Independence of India, the Royal Society had its own disputes on this matter.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: In 1924, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. However, he resigned from the fellowship in 1968 for unrecorded reasons, the only Indian FRS ever to do so.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


C. V. Raman

Context: He was the President of the 16th session of the Indian Science Congress in 1929. He was the founder President of the Indian Academy of Sciences from 1933 until his death. He was member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1961.

Question: భారతదేశం నుండి భౌతిక శాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన మొదటి భారతీయ శాస్త్రవేత్త ఎవరు?


Ukraine

Context: During the 10th and 11th centuries, Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful state in Europe. The Varangians later assimilated into the Slavic population and became part of the first Rus' dynasty, the Rurik dynasty. Kievan Rus' was composed of several principalities ruled by the interrelated Rurikid "kniazes" ("princes"), who often fought each other for possession of Kyiv.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: The 13th-century Mongol invasion devastated Kievan Rus' and Kyiv was completely destroyed in 1240. On today's Ukrainian territory, the principalities of Halych and Volodymyr-Volynskyi arose, and were merged into the state of Galicia–Volhynia. Daniel of Galicia, son of Roman the Great, re-united much of south-western Rus', including Volhynia, Galicia and the ancient capital of Kyiv. He was subsequently crowned by the papal archbishop as the first king of the newly created Kingdom of Ruthenia in 1253.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: In 1569 the Union of Lublin established the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and most of the former Ruthenian lands were transferred from Lithuania to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, becoming "de jure" Polish territory. Under the pressures of Polonisation, many landed gentry of Ruthenia converted to Catholicism and joined the circles of the Polish nobility.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: In 1709, Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa (1639–1709) defected to Sweden against Russia in the Great Northern War (1700–1721). Eventually Tsar Peter recognized that to consolidate and modernize Russia's political and economic power it was necessary to do away with the Cossack Hetmanate as well as the Ukrainian and Cossack aspirations to autonomy. Mazepa died in exile after fleeing from the Battle of Poltava (1709), in which the Swedes and their Cossack allies suffered a catastrophic defeat.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: The 19th century saw the rise of Ukrainian nationalism, particularly in Austrian Galicia under the relatively lenient rule of the Habsburgs. With growing urbanization and modernization, and a cultural trend toward romantic nationalism, a Ukrainian intelligentsia committed to national rebirth and social justice emerged. The serf-turned-national-poet Taras Shevchenko (1814–1861) and the political theorist Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841–1895) led the growing nationalist movement.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: In Poland, the Polish government openly propagated anti-Ukrainian sentiment and restricted rights of people who declared Ukrainian nationality and belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church. In consequence, an underground Ukrainian nationalist and militant movement arose in the 1920s and 1930s, which gradually transformed into the Ukrainian Military Organization and later the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN).

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: In 1940, the Soviets annexed Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. The Ukrainian SSR incorporated the northern and southern districts of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region. But it ceded the western part of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the newly created Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. These territorial gains of the USSR were internationally recognized by the Paris peace treaties of 1947.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: German armies invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, initiating nearly four years of total war. The Axis initially advanced against desperate but unsuccessful efforts of the Red Army. In the encirclement battle of Kyiv, the city was acclaimed as a "Hero City", because of its fierce resistance. More than 600,000 Soviet soldiers (or one-quarter of the Soviet Western Front) were killed or taken captive there, with many suffering severe mistreatment.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Both organizations, the OUN and the UPA, supported the goal of an independent Ukrainian state on the territory with a Ukrainian ethnic majority. Although this brought conflict with Nazi Germany, at times the Melnyk wing of the OUN allied with the Nazi forces. From mid-1943 until the end of the war the UPA carried out massacres of ethnic Poles in the Volhynia and Eastern Galicia regions, killing around 100,000 Polish civilians, which brought reprisals.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: These organized massacres were an attempt by the OUN to create a homogeneous Ukrainian state without a Polish minority living within its borders, and to prevent the post-war Polish state from asserting its sovereignty over areas that had been part of pre-war Poland. After the war, the UPA continued to fight the USSR until the 1950s. At the same time, the Ukrainian Liberation Army, another nationalist movement, fought alongside the Nazis.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Following the death of Stalin in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev became the new leader of the USSR. Having served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukrainian SSR in 1938–1949, Khrushchev was intimately familiar with the republic; after taking power union-wide, he began to emphasize "the friendship" between the Ukrainian and Russian nations. In 1954, the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav was widely celebrated. Crimea was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: After the accident, the new city of Slavutych was built outside the exclusion zone to house and support the employees of the plant, which was decommissioned in 2000. A report prepared by the International Atomic Energy Agency and World Health Organization attributed 56 direct deaths to the accident and estimated that there may have been 4,000 extra cancer deaths.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: On 21 January 1990, over 300,000 Ukrainians organised a human chain for Ukrainian independence between Kyiv and Lviv, in memory of the 1919 unification of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian National Republic. Citizens came out to the streets and highways, forming live chains by holding hands in support of unity.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: In August 1991, a faction among the Communist leaders of the Soviet Union attempted a coup to remove Mikhail Gorbachev and to restore the Communist party's power. After it failed, the Ukrainian parliament adopted the Act of Independence on 24 August 1991.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: The Euromaidan (, literally "Eurosquare") protests started in November 2013 after the president, Viktor Yanukovych, began moving away from an association agreement that had been in the works with the European Union and instead chose to establish closer ties with the Russian Federation. Some Ukrainians took to the streets to show their support for closer ties with Europe.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Using the Russian naval base at Sevastopol as cover, Putin directed Russian troops and intelligence agents to disarm Ukrainian forces and take control of Crimea. After the troops entered Crimea, a controversial referendum was held on 16 March 2014 and the official result was that 97 percent wished to join with Russia.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: On April 14, Ukrainian forces sank the Russian flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, the "Moskva" with a missile strike. By the end of April, one month into Russia's new “Donbas Offensive,” Russian forces had not yet managed to advance significantly in the Donbas region, not yet having fully taken a single major metropolitan area in the region since announcing its new “Donbas Offensive." Military analysts continue to refer to the progress of the war as devolving into a "stalemate situation".

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Laws, acts of the parliament and the cabinet, presidential decrees, and acts of the Crimean parliament may be abrogated by the Constitutional Court, should they be found to violate the constitution. Other normative acts are subject to judicial review. The Supreme Court is the main body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Local self-government is officially guaranteed. Local councils and city mayors are popularly elected and exercise control over local budgets. The heads of regional and district administrations are appointed by the president in accordance with the proposals of the prime minister.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Since 1 January 2010 it has been permissible to hold court proceedings in Russian by mutual consent of the parties. Citizens unable to speak Ukrainian or Russian may use their native language or the services of a translator. Previously all court proceedings had to be held in Ukrainian.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: A Ukrainian unit was deployed in Lebanon, as part of UN Interim Force enforcing the mandated ceasefire agreement. There was also a maintenance and training battalion deployed in Sierra Leone. In 2003–05, a Ukrainian unit was deployed as part of the multinational force in Iraq under Polish command.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: The system of Ukrainian subdivisions reflects the country's status as a unitary state (as stated in the country's constitution) with unified legal and administrative regimes for each unit.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: In the late 2010s 1.4 million Ukrainians were internally displaced due to the war in Donbas, and in early 2022 over 4.1 million fled the country in the aftermath of the Russian invasion.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Effective in August 2012, a new law on regional languages entitled any local language spoken by at least a 10 percent minority be declared official within that area. Within weeks, Russian was declared a regional language of several southern and eastern oblasts (provinces) and cities. Russian could then be used in the administrative office work and documents of those places.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: On 23 February 2014, following the Revolution of Dignity, the Ukrainian Parliament voted to repeal the law on regional languages, making Ukrainian the sole state language at all levels; however, the repeal was not signed by acting President Turchynov or by President Poroshenko. In February 2019, the law allowing for official use of regional languages was found unconstitutional. According to the Council of Europe, this act fails to achieve fair protection of the linguistic rights of minorities.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: According to the Ukrainian constitution, access to free education is granted to all citizens. Complete general secondary education is compulsory in the state schools which constitute the overwhelming majority. Free higher education in state and communal educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Technically the history of Ukrainian literature dates all of the way back to the 11th century, following the Christianisation of Kievan Rus', however these earliest writings were liturgical and were written in the Old Church Slavonic language, not in true Ukrainian. Historical accounts of the time were referred to as "chronicles", the most significant of which was the Primary Chronicle. Literary activity faced a sudden decline during the Mongol invasion of Rus'.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: By the 1830s, a Ukrainian romantic literature began to develop, and the nation's most renowned cultural figure, romanticist poet-painter Taras Shevchenko emerged. Whereas Ivan Kotliarevsky is considered to be the father of literature in the Ukrainian vernacular; Shevchenko is the father of a national revival.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Then, in 1863, the use of the Ukrainian language in print was effectively prohibited by the Russian Empire. This severely curtailed literary activity in the area, and Ukrainian writers were forced to either publish their works in Russian or release them in Austrian controlled Galicia. The ban was never officially lifted, but it became obsolete after the revolution and the Bolsheviks' coming to power.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Literary freedom grew in the late 1980s and early 1990s alongside the decline and collapse of the USSR and the reestablishment of Ukrainian independence in 1991.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: These include initial roots which were established in the Eastern Slavic state of Kievan Rus'. Since the Christianization of Kievan Rus' for several ages Ukrainian architecture was influenced by the Byzantine architecture. After the 12th century, the distinct architectural history continued in the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: National dress is woven and highly decorated. Weaving with handmade looms is still practised in the village of Krupove, situated in Rivne Oblast. The village is the birthplace of two famous personalities in the scene of national crafts fabrication. Nina Myhailivna and Uliana Petrivna with international recognition.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: During the Baroque period, music had a place of considerable importance in the curriculum of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Much of the nobility was well versed in music with many Ukrainian Cossack leaders such as (Mazepa, Paliy, Holovatyj, Sirko) being accomplished players of the kobza, bandura or torban.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Many Ukrainians also played for the Soviet national football team, most notably Ballon d'Or winners Ihor Belanov and Oleh Blokhin. This award was only presented to one Ukrainian after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Andriy Shevchenko. The national team made its debut in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and reached the quarterfinals before losing to eventual champions, Italy.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Sergey Bubka held the record in the Pole vault from 1993 to 2014; with great strength, speed and gymnastic abilities, he was voted the world's best athlete on several occasions.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: Ukrainians drink stewed fruit compote, juices, milk, buttermilk, mineral water, tea and coffee, beer, wine and .

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: a. Among the Ukrainians that rose to the highest offices in the Russian Empire were Aleksey Razumovsky, Alexander Bezborodko and Ivan Paskevich. Among the Ukrainians who greatly influenced the Russian Orthodox Church in this period were Stephen Yavorsky, Feofan Prokopovich and Dimitry of Rostov.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Ukraine

Context: c. These figures are likely to be much higher, as they do not include Ukrainians of other nationalities or Ukrainian Jews, but only ethnic Ukrainians, from the Ukrainian SSR.

Question: తూర్పు యూరప్లో అతిపెద్ద దేశం ఏది?


Origins and architecture of the Taj Mahal

Context: In 1607 (AH 1025) the Mughal Prince Khurrum (later to become Shah Jahan) was betrothed to Arjumand Banu Begum, the grand daughter of a Persian noble. She would become the unquestioned love of his life. They were married five years later in 1612. After their wedding celebrations, Khurram "finding her in appearance and character elect among all the women of the time," gave her the title Mumtaz Mahal (Jewel of the Palace).

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: The intervening years had seen Khurrum take two other wives known as Akbarabadi Mahal and Kandahari Mahal, but according to the official court chronicler Qazwini, the relationship with his other wives "had little more than the status of marriage. The intimacy, deep affection, attention and favour which His Majesty had for the Cradle of Excellence [Mumtaz] lacked by a thousand times what he felt for any other."

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Jahan's eldest daughter, the devoted Jahanara Begum Sahib, gradually brought him out of grief and fulfilled the functions of Mumtaz at court. Immediately after the burial in Burhanpur, Jahan and the imperial court turned their attentions to the planning and design of the mausoleum and funerary garden in Agra.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Levels gradually descend in steps from the Taj Ganji towards the river. Contemporary descriptions of the complex list the elements in order from the river terrace towards the Taj Ganji.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: The ebb and flow of this debate can be seen in the Mughul's dynastic mausoleums stretching back to that of their ancestor Timur. Built in 1403 AD (810 AH) Timur is buried in the Gur-e Amir in Samarkand, under a fluted dome. The tomb employs a traditional Persian iwan as an entrance. The 1528 AD (935 AH) Tomb of Babur in Kabul is much more modest in comparison, with a simple cenotaph exposed to the sky, laid out in the centre of a walled garden.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Minarets did not become a common feature of Mughal architecture until the 17th century, particularly under the patronage of Shah Jahan. A few precedents exist in the 20 years before the construction of the Taj in the Tomb of Akbar and the Tomb of Jahangir. Their increasing use was influenced by developments elsewhere in the Islamic world, particularly in Ottoman and Timurid architecture and is seen as suggestive of an increasing religious orthodoxy of the Mughal dynasty.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Sound was also used to express ideas of paradise. The interior of the mausoleum has a reverberation time (the time taken from when a noise is made until all of its echoes have died away) of 28 seconds. This provided an atmosphere where the words of those employed to continually recite the Qu'ran (the Hafiz), in tribute and prayer for the soul of Mumtaz, would linger in the air.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: In the complex, passages from the Qur'an are used as decorative elements. Recent scholarship suggests that the passages were chosen by a Persian calligrapher Abd ul-Haq, who came to India from Shiraz, Iran, in 1609. As a reward for his "dazzling virtuosity", Shah Jahan gave him the title of "Amanat Khan". This is supported by an inscription near the lines from the Qur'an at the base of the interior dome that reads "Written by the insignificant being, Amanat Khan Shirazi."

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: The calligraphy on the Great Gate reads "O Soul, thou art at rest. Return to the Lord at peace with Him, and He at peace with you."

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Much of the calligraphy is composed of florid thuluth script, made of jasper or black marble, inlaid in white marble panels. Higher panels are written in slightly larger script to reduce the skewing effect when viewed from below. The calligraphy found on the marble cenotaphs in the tomb is particularly detailed and delicate.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: On the lower walls of the tomb there are white marble dados that have been sculpted with realistic bas relief depictions of flowers and vines. The marble has been polished to emphasise the exquisite detailing of the carvings and the dado frames and archway spandrels have been decorated with pietra dura inlays of highly stylised, almost geometric vines, flowers and fruits. The inlay stones are of yellow marble, jasper and jade, polished and leveled to the surface of the walls.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Discrepancies remain in Koch and Barraud's work which they attribute to numbers being rounded fractions, inaccuracies of reporting from third persons and errors in workmanship (most notable in the caravanserais areas further from the tomb itself).

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: The mausoleum is cubic with chamfered edges. On the long sides, a massive , or vaulted archway frames an arch-shaped doorway, with a similar arch-shaped balcony above. These main arches extend above the roof the building by use of an integrated facade. To either side of the main arch, additional are stacked above and below. This motif of stacked is replicated on the chamfered corner areas. The design is completely uniform and consistent on all sides of the building.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Muslim tradition forbids elaborate decoration of graves, so the bodies of Mumtaz and Shah Jahan are laid in a relatively plain, marble faced chamber, beneath the main chamber of the Taj. They are buried in graves on a north-south axis, with faces turned right (west) toward Mecca.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Two cenotaphs above mark the graves. Mumtaz's cenotaph is placed at the precise center of the inner chamber. On a rectangular marble base about 1.5 by 2.5 metres is a smaller marble casket. Both base and casket are elaborately inlaid with precious and semiprecious gems. Calligraphic inscriptions on top of the casket recite verses from the Koran and on the sides express the Ninety-Nine beautiful names of Allah.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Shah Jahan's cenotaph is beside Mumtaz's to the western side. It is the only asymmetric element in the entire complex. His cenotaph is bigger than his wife's, but reflects the same elements: A larger casket on slightly taller base, again decorated with astonishing precision with lapidary and calligraphy which identifies Shah Jahan. On the lid of this casket is a sculpture of a small pen box.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: An octagonal marble screen or "jali" borders the cenotaphs and is made from eight marble panels. Each panel has been carved through with intricate piercework. The remaining surfaces have been inlaid with semiprecious stones in extremely delicate detail, forming twining vines, fruits and flowers.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: The layout of the garden, and its architectural features such as its fountains, brick and marble walkways, and geometric brick-lined flowerbeds are similar to Shalimar's, and suggest that the garden may have been designed by the same engineer, Ali Mardan.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Two Drum Houses (Naubat-Khāna) occupy the east and west ends of the cross axis, one the mirror of the other. In the classic charbargh design, gates would have been located in this location. In the Taj they provide punctuation and access to the long enclosing wall with its decorative crenellations. Built of sandstone, they are given a tripartite form and over two storeys and are capped with a white marble chhatris supported from 8 columns. The western Naubat Khana has been converted into a museum.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Running the length of the northern side of the southern garden wall to the east and west of the great gate are galleried arcades. The galleries were used during the rainy season to admit the poor and distribute alms. A raised platform with geometric paving provides a seating for the column bases and between them are cusped arches typical of the Mughul architecture of the period. The galleries terminate at each end with a transversely placed room with tripartite divisions.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?


Context: Two identical streets lead from the east and west gates to the centre of the courtyard. They are lined by verandahed colonnades articulated with cusped arches behind which cellular rooms were used to sell goods from when the Taj was built until 1996. The tax revenue from this trade was used for the upkeep of the Taj complex. The eastern bazaar streets were essentially ruined by the end of the 19th century and were restored by Lord Curzon restored 1900 and 1908.

Question: భారతదేశంలో ప్రేమకు చిహ్నంగా నిర్మించిన కట్టడం ఏది?