src/transformers/modeling_utils.py/PreTrainedModel/from_pretrained
class PreTrainedModel:    def from_pretrained(cls, pretrained_model_name_or_path: Optional[Union[str, os.PathLike]], *model_args, **kwargs):
        r"""
        Instantiate a pretrained pytorch model from a pre-trained model configuration.

        The model is set in evaluation mode by default using ``model.eval()`` (Dropout modules are deactivated). To
        train the model, you should first set it back in training mode with ``model.train()``.

        The warning `Weights from XXX not initialized from pretrained model` means that the weights of XXX do not come
        pretrained with the rest of the model. It is up to you to train those weights with a downstream fine-tuning
        task.

        The warning `Weights from XXX not used in YYY` means that the layer XXX is not used by YYY, therefore those
        weights are discarded.

        Parameters:
            pretrained_model_name_or_path (:obj:`str` or :obj:`os.PathLike`, `optional`):
                Can be either:

                    - A string, the `model id` of a pretrained model hosted inside a model repo on huggingface.co.
                      Valid model ids can be located at the root-level, like ``bert-base-uncased``, or namespaced under
                      a user or organization name, like ``dbmdz/bert-base-german-cased``.
                    - A path to a `directory` containing model weights saved using
                      :func:`~transformers.PreTrainedModel.save_pretrained`, e.g., ``./my_model_directory/``.
                    - A path or url to a `tensorflow index checkpoint file` (e.g, ``./tf_model/model.ckpt.index``). In
                      this case, ``from_tf`` should be set to :obj:`True` and a configuration object should be provided
                      as ``config`` argument. This loading path is slower than converting the TensorFlow checkpoint in
                      a PyTorch model using the provided conversion scripts and loading the PyTorch model afterwards.
                    - A path or url to a model folder containing a `flax checkpoint file` in `.msgpack` format (e.g,
                      ``./flax_model/`` containing ``flax_model.msgpack``). In this case, ``from_flax`` should be set
                      to :obj:`True`.
                    - :obj:`None` if you are both providing the configuration and state dictionary (resp. with keyword
                      arguments ``config`` and ``state_dict``).
            model_args (sequence of positional arguments, `optional`):
                All remaining positional arguments will be passed to the underlying model's ``__init__`` method.
            config (:obj:`Union[PretrainedConfig, str, os.PathLike]`, `optional`):
                Can be either:

                    - an instance of a class derived from :class:`~transformers.PretrainedConfig`,
                    - a string or path valid as input to :func:`~transformers.PretrainedConfig.from_pretrained`.

                Configuration for the model to use instead of an automatically loaded configuration. Configuration can
                be automatically loaded when:

                    - The model is a model provided by the library (loaded with the `model id` string of a pretrained
                      model).
                    - The model was saved using :func:`~transformers.PreTrainedModel.save_pretrained` and is reloaded
                      by supplying the save directory.
                    - The model is loaded by supplying a local directory as ``pretrained_model_name_or_path`` and a
                      configuration JSON file named `config.json` is found in the directory.
            state_dict (:obj:`Dict[str, torch.Tensor]`, `optional`):
                A state dictionary to use instead of a state dictionary loaded from saved weights file.

                This option can be used if you want to create a model from a pretrained configuration but load your own
                weights. In this case though, you should check if using
                :func:`~transformers.PreTrainedModel.save_pretrained` and
                :func:`~transformers.PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained` is not a simpler option.
            cache_dir (:obj:`Union[str, os.PathLike]`, `optional`):
                Path to a directory in which a downloaded pretrained model configuration should be cached if the
                standard cache should not be used.
            from_tf (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
                Load the model weights from a TensorFlow checkpoint save file (see docstring of
                ``pretrained_model_name_or_path`` argument).
            from_flax (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
                Load the model weights from a Flax checkpoint save file (see docstring of
                ``pretrained_model_name_or_path`` argument).
            ignore_mismatched_sizes (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
                Whether or not to raise an error if some of the weights from the checkpoint do not have the same size
                as the weights of the model (if for instance, you are instantiating a model with 10 labels from a
                checkpoint with 3 labels).
            force_download (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
                Whether or not to force the (re-)download of the model weights and configuration files, overriding the
                cached versions if they exist.
            resume_download (:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
                Whether or not to delete incompletely received files. Will attempt to resume the download if such a
                file exists.
            proxies (:obj:`Dict[str, str], `optional`):
                A dictionary of proxy servers to use by protocol or endpoint, e.g., :obj:`{'http': 'foo.bar:3128',
                'http://hostname': 'foo.bar:4012'}`. The proxies are used on each request.
            output_loading_info(:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
                Whether ot not to also return a dictionary containing missing keys, unexpected keys and error messages.
            local_files_only(:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`False`):
                Whether or not to only look at local files (i.e., do not try to download the model).
            use_auth_token (:obj:`str` or `bool`, `optional`):
                The token to use as HTTP bearer authorization for remote files. If :obj:`True`, will use the token
                generated when running :obj:`transformers-cli login` (stored in :obj:`~/.huggingface`).
            revision(:obj:`str`, `optional`, defaults to :obj:`"main"`):
                The specific model version to use. It can be a branch name, a tag name, or a commit id, since we use a
                git-based system for storing models and other artifacts on huggingface.co, so ``revision`` can be any
                identifier allowed by git.
            mirror(:obj:`str`, `optional`):
                Mirror source to accelerate downloads in China. If you are from China and have an accessibility
                problem, you can set this option to resolve it. Note that we do not guarantee the timeliness or safety.
                Please refer to the mirror site for more information.
            _fast_init(:obj:`bool`, `optional`, defaults to `:obj:`True`):
                Whether or not to disable fast initialization.
            torch_dtype (:obj:`str` or :obj:`torch.dtype`, `optional`):
                Override the default ``torch.dtype`` and load the model under this dtype. If ``"auto"`` is passed the
                dtype will be automatically derived from the model's weights.

                .. warning::

                    One should only disable `_fast_init` to ensure backwards compatibility with
                    ``transformers.__version__ < 4.6.0`` for seeded model initialization. This argument will be removed
                    at the next major version. See `pull request 11471
                    <https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/11471>`__ for more information.

            kwargs (remaining dictionary of keyword arguments, `optional`):
                Can be used to update the configuration object (after it being loaded) and initiate the model (e.g.,
                :obj:`output_attentions=True`). Behaves differently depending on whether a ``config`` is provided or
                automatically loaded:

                    - If a configuration is provided with ``config``, ``**kwargs`` will be directly passed to the
                      underlying model's ``__init__`` method (we assume all relevant updates to the configuration have
                      already been done)
                    - If a configuration is not provided, ``kwargs`` will be first passed to the configuration class
                      initialization function (:func:`~transformers.PretrainedConfig.from_pretrained`). Each key of
                      ``kwargs`` that corresponds to a configuration attribute will be used to override said attribute
                      with the supplied ``kwargs`` value. Remaining keys that do not correspond to any configuration
                      attribute will be passed to the underlying model's ``__init__`` function.

        .. note::

            Passing :obj:`use_auth_token=True` is required when you want to use a private model.

        .. note::

            Activate the special `"offline-mode"
            <https://huggingface.co/transformers/installation.html#offline-mode>`__ to use this method in a firewalled
            environment.

        Examples::

            >>> from transformers import BertConfig, BertModel
            >>> # Download model and configuration from huggingface.co and cache.
            >>> model = BertModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')
            >>> # Model was saved using `save_pretrained('./test/saved_model/')` (for example purposes, not runnable).
            >>> model = BertModel.from_pretrained('./test/saved_model/')
            >>> # Update configuration during loading.
            >>> model = BertModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased', output_attentions=True)
            >>> assert model.config.output_attentions == True
            >>> # Loading from a TF checkpoint file instead of a PyTorch model (slower, for example purposes, not runnable).
            >>> config = BertConfig.from_json_file('./tf_model/my_tf_model_config.json')
            >>> model = BertModel.from_pretrained('./tf_model/my_tf_checkpoint.ckpt.index', from_tf=True, config=config)
            >>> # Loading from a Flax checkpoint file instead of a PyTorch model (slower)
            >>> model = BertModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased', from_flax=True)

        """
        config = kwargs.pop("config", None)
        state_dict = kwargs.pop("state_dict", None)
        cache_dir = kwargs.pop("cache_dir", None)
        from_tf = kwargs.pop("from_tf", False)
        from_flax = kwargs.pop("from_flax", False)
        ignore_mismatched_sizes = kwargs.pop("ignore_mismatched_sizes", False)
        force_download = kwargs.pop("force_download", False)
        resume_download = kwargs.pop("resume_download", False)
        proxies = kwargs.pop("proxies", None)
        output_loading_info = kwargs.pop("output_loading_info", False)
        local_files_only = kwargs.pop("local_files_only", False)
        use_auth_token = kwargs.pop("use_auth_token", None)
        revision = kwargs.pop("revision", None)
        mirror = kwargs.pop("mirror", None)
        from_pipeline = kwargs.pop("_from_pipeline", None)
        from_auto_class = kwargs.pop("_from_auto", False)
        _fast_init = kwargs.pop("_fast_init", True)
        torch_dtype = kwargs.pop("torch_dtype", None)

        from_pt = not (from_tf | from_flax)

        user_agent = {"file_type": "model", "framework": "pytorch", "from_auto_class": from_auto_class}
        if from_pipeline is not None:
            user_agent["using_pipeline"] = from_pipeline

        if is_offline_mode() and not local_files_only:
            logger.info("Offline mode: forcing local_files_only=True")
            local_files_only = True

        # Load config if we don't provide a configuration
        if not isinstance(config, PretrainedConfig):
            config_path = config if config is not None else pretrained_model_name_or_path
            config, model_kwargs = cls.config_class.from_pretrained(
                config_path,
                *model_args,
                cache_dir=cache_dir,
                return_unused_kwargs=True,
                force_download=force_download,
                resume_download=resume_download,
                proxies=proxies,
                local_files_only=local_files_only,
                use_auth_token=use_auth_token,
                revision=revision,
                _from_auto=from_auto_class,
                _from_pipeline=from_pipeline,
                **kwargs,
            )
        else:
            model_kwargs = kwargs

        # Load model
        if pretrained_model_name_or_path is not None:
            pretrained_model_name_or_path = str(pretrained_model_name_or_path)
            if os.path.isdir(pretrained_model_name_or_path):
                if from_tf and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(pretrained_model_name_or_path, TF_WEIGHTS_NAME + ".index")):
                    # Load from a TF 1.0 checkpoint in priority if from_tf
                    archive_file = os.path.join(pretrained_model_name_or_path, TF_WEIGHTS_NAME + ".index")
                elif from_tf and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(pretrained_model_name_or_path, TF2_WEIGHTS_NAME)):
                    # Load from a TF 2.0 checkpoint in priority if from_tf
                    archive_file = os.path.join(pretrained_model_name_or_path, TF2_WEIGHTS_NAME)
                elif from_flax and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(pretrained_model_name_or_path, FLAX_WEIGHTS_NAME)):
                    # Load from a Flax checkpoint in priority if from_flax
                    archive_file = os.path.join(pretrained_model_name_or_path, FLAX_WEIGHTS_NAME)
                elif os.path.isfile(os.path.join(pretrained_model_name_or_path, WEIGHTS_NAME)):
                    # Load from a PyTorch checkpoint
                    archive_file = os.path.join(pretrained_model_name_or_path, WEIGHTS_NAME)
                else:
                    raise EnvironmentError(
                        f"Error no file named {[WEIGHTS_NAME, TF2_WEIGHTS_NAME, TF_WEIGHTS_NAME + '.index', FLAX_WEIGHTS_NAME]} found in "
                        f"directory {pretrained_model_name_or_path} or `from_tf` and `from_flax` set to False."
                    )
            elif os.path.isfile(pretrained_model_name_or_path) or is_remote_url(pretrained_model_name_or_path):
                archive_file = pretrained_model_name_or_path
            elif os.path.isfile(pretrained_model_name_or_path + ".index"):
                if not from_tf:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"We found a TensorFlow checkpoint at {pretrained_model_name_or_path + '.index'}, please set "
                        "from_tf to True to load from this checkpoint."
                    )
                archive_file = pretrained_model_name_or_path + ".index"
            else:
                # set correct filename
                if from_tf:
                    filename = TF2_WEIGHTS_NAME
                elif from_flax:
                    filename = FLAX_WEIGHTS_NAME
                else:
                    filename = WEIGHTS_NAME

                archive_file = hf_bucket_url(
                    pretrained_model_name_or_path,
                    filename=filename,
                    revision=revision,
                    mirror=mirror,
                )

            try:
                # Load from URL or cache if already cached
                resolved_archive_file = cached_path(
                    archive_file,
                    cache_dir=cache_dir,
                    force_download=force_download,
                    proxies=proxies,
                    resume_download=resume_download,
                    local_files_only=local_files_only,
                    use_auth_token=use_auth_token,
                    user_agent=user_agent,
                )
            except EnvironmentError as err:
                logger.error(err)
                msg = (
                    f"Can't load weights for '{pretrained_model_name_or_path}'. Make sure that:\n\n"
                    f"- '{pretrained_model_name_or_path}' is a correct model identifier listed on 'https://huggingface.co/models'\n\n"
                    f"- or '{pretrained_model_name_or_path}' is the correct path to a directory containing a file named one of {WEIGHTS_NAME}, {TF2_WEIGHTS_NAME}, {TF_WEIGHTS_NAME}\n\n"
                )

                if revision is not None:
                    msg += f"- or '{revision}' is a valid git identifier (branch name, a tag name, or a commit id) that exists for this model name as listed on its model page on 'https://huggingface.co/models'\n\n"

                raise EnvironmentError(msg)

            if resolved_archive_file == archive_file:
                logger.info(f"loading weights file {archive_file}")
            else:
                logger.info(f"loading weights file {archive_file} from cache at {resolved_archive_file}")
        else:
            resolved_archive_file = None

        # load pt weights early so that we know which dtype to init the model under
        if from_pt:
            if state_dict is None:
                try:
                    state_dict = torch.load(resolved_archive_file, map_location="cpu")
                except Exception as e:
                    try:
                        with open(resolved_archive_file) as f:
                            if f.read().startswith("version"):
                                raise OSError(
                                    "You seem to have cloned a repository without having git-lfs installed. Please install "
                                    "git-lfs and run `git lfs install` followed by `git lfs pull` in the folder "
                                    "you cloned."
                                )
                            else:
                                raise ValueError from e
                    except (UnicodeDecodeError, ValueError):
                        raise OSError(
                            f"Unable to load weights from pytorch checkpoint file for '{pretrained_model_name_or_path}' "
                            f"at '{resolved_archive_file}'"
                            "If you tried to load a PyTorch model from a TF 2.0 checkpoint, please set from_tf=True. "
                        )

            # set dtype to instantiate the model under:
            # 1. If torch_dtype is not None, we use that dtype
            # 2. If torch_dtype is "auto", we auto-detect dtype from the loaded state_dict, by checking its first
            #    weights entry - we assume all weights are of the same dtype
            # we also may have config.torch_dtype available, but we won't rely on it till v5
            dtype_orig = None
            if torch_dtype is not None:
                if isinstance(torch_dtype, str):
                    if torch_dtype == "auto":
                        torch_dtype = next(iter(state_dict.values())).dtype
                    else:
                        raise ValueError(
                            f"`torch_dtype` can be either a `torch.dtype` or `auto`, but received {torch_dtype}"
                        )
                dtype_orig = cls._set_default_torch_dtype(torch_dtype)

        config.name_or_path = pretrained_model_name_or_path

        # Instantiate model.
        if is_deepspeed_zero3_enabled():
            import deepspeed

            logger.info("Detected DeepSpeed ZeRO-3: activating zero.init() for this model")
            # this immediately partitions the model across all gpus, to avoid the overhead in time
            # and memory copying it on CPU or each GPU first
            with deepspeed.zero.Init(config_dict_or_path=deepspeed_config()):
                with no_init_weights(_enable=_fast_init):
                    model = cls(config, *model_args, **model_kwargs)
        else:
            with no_init_weights(_enable=_fast_init):
                model = cls(config, *model_args, **model_kwargs)

        if from_pt:
            # restore default dtype
            if dtype_orig is not None:
                torch.set_default_dtype(dtype_orig)

        if from_tf:
            if resolved_archive_file.endswith(".index"):
                # Load from a TensorFlow 1.X checkpoint - provided by original authors
                model = cls.load_tf_weights(model, config, resolved_archive_file[:-6])  # Remove the '.index'
            else:
                # Load from our TensorFlow 2.0 checkpoints
                try:
                    from .modeling_tf_pytorch_utils import load_tf2_checkpoint_in_pytorch_model

                    model = load_tf2_checkpoint_in_pytorch_model(model, resolved_archive_file, allow_missing_keys=True)
                except ImportError:
                    logger.error(
                        "Loading a TensorFlow model in PyTorch, requires both PyTorch and TensorFlow to be installed. Please see "
                        "https://pytorch.org/ and https://www.tensorflow.org/install/ for installation instructions."
                    )
                    raise
        elif from_flax:
            try:
                from .modeling_flax_pytorch_utils import load_flax_checkpoint_in_pytorch_model

                model = load_flax_checkpoint_in_pytorch_model(model, resolved_archive_file)
            except ImportError:
                logger.error(
                    "Loading a Flax model in PyTorch, requires both PyTorch and Flax to be installed. Please see "
                    "https://pytorch.org/ and https://flax.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html for installation instructions."
                )
                raise
        elif from_pt:
            model, missing_keys, unexpected_keys, mismatched_keys, error_msgs = cls._load_state_dict_into_model(
                model,
                state_dict,
                pretrained_model_name_or_path,
                ignore_mismatched_sizes=ignore_mismatched_sizes,
                _fast_init=_fast_init,
            )

        # make sure token embedding weights are still tied if needed
        model.tie_weights()

        # Set model in evaluation mode to deactivate DropOut modules by default
        model.eval()

        if output_loading_info:
            loading_info = {
                "missing_keys": missing_keys,
                "unexpected_keys": unexpected_keys,
                "mismatched_keys": mismatched_keys,
                "error_msgs": error_msgs,
            }
            return model, loading_info

        return model