{
    "block_category": "Stack Blocks",
    "description": "Stack blocks are the most common block shape, featuring a notch at the top and a bump at the bottom. They perform the main commands within a script and can connect both above and below them.",
    "blocks": [
        {
            "block_name": "move () steps",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_movesteps",
            "functionality": "Moves the sprite forward by the specified number of steps in the direction it is currently facing. A positive value moves it forward, and a negative value moves it backward.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "STEPS",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "move () steps",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  go to x: (0) y: (0)\n  point in direction (90)\n  move (50) steps\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script first places the sprite at the center of the stage, points it to the right (90 degrees), and then moves it 50 steps in that direction."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "turn right () degrees",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_turnright",
            "functionality": "Turns the sprite clockwise by the specified number of degrees.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "DEGREES",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "turn (clockwise icon) (15) degrees",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when [right arrow v] key pressed\n  turn (clockwise icon) (15) degrees\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite turn clockwise by 15 degrees every time the right arrow key is pressed."
                },
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  forever\n    turn (clockwise icon) (15) degrees\n    wait (0.5) seconds\n  end",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite continuously spin clockwise by 15 degrees every half second."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "turn left () degrees",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_turnleft",
            "functionality": "Turns the sprite counter-clockwise by the specified number of degrees.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "DEGREES",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "turn (counter-clockwise icon) (15) degrees",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when [left arrow v] key pressed\n  turn (counter-clockwise icon) (15) degrees\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite turn counter-clockwise by 15 degrees every time the left arrow key is pressed."
                },
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  forever\n    turn (counter-clockwise icon) (15) degrees\n    wait (0.5) seconds\n  end\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite continuously spin counter-clockwise by 15 degrees every half second."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "go to ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_goto",
            "functionality": "Moves the sprite to a specified location, which can be a random position or at the mouse pointer or another to the sprite.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "TO",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "random position",
                        "mouse-pointer",
                        "sprite1",
                        "..."
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "go to [random position v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when this sprite clicked\n  go to [mouse-pointer v]",
                    "explanation": "This script moves the sprite to the current position of the mouse pointer whenever the sprite is clicked."
                },
                {
                    "script": "when this sprite clicked\n  go to [sprite v]",
                    "explanation": "This script moves the sprite to the another sprite's position whenever the sprite is clicked."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "go to x: () y: ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_gotoxy",
            "functionality": "Moves the sprite to the specified X and Y coordinates on the stage.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "X",
                    "type": "number"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Y",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "go to x: (0) y: (0)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  go to x: (120) y: (0)\n  say [Ready to start! v] for (1) seconds\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script positions the sprite at the center of the stage at the beginning of the project and then makes it say 'Ready to start!'."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "glide () secs to ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_glideto",
            "functionality": "Glides the sprite smoothly to a specified location (random position, mouse pointer, or another sprite) over a given number of seconds.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "SECS",
                    "type": "number"
                },
                {
                    "name": "TO",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "random position",
                        "mouse-pointer",
                        "sprite1",
                        "sprite2",
                        "..."
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "glide (1) secs to ([random position v])",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  glide (1) secs to ([mouse-pointer v])\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite glide smoothly to the mouse pointer's position over 1 second when the green flag is clicked."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "glide () secs to x: () y: ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_glidesecstoxy",
            "functionality": "Glides the sprite smoothly to the specified X and Y coordinates over a given number of seconds.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "SECS",
                    "type": "number"
                },
                {
                    "name": "X",
                    "type": "number"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Y",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "glide (1) secs to x: (100) y: (50)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  glide (2) secs to x: (150) y: (-100)\n  glide (2) secs to x: (-150) y: (100)\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite glide to two different points on the stage, taking 2 seconds for each movement."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "point in direction ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_pointindirection",
            "functionality": "Sets the sprite's direction to a specified angle in degrees (0 = up, 90 = right, 180 = down, -90 = left).",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "DIRECTION",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "point in direction (90)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  point in direction (0)\n  move (100) steps\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite point upwards (0 degrees) and then move 100 steps in that direction."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "point towards ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_pointtowards",
            "functionality": "Points the sprite towards the mouse pointer or another specified sprite.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "TOWARDS",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "mouse-pointer",
                        "sprite1",
                        "..."
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "point towards [mouse-pointer v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when this sprite clicked\n  point towards [mouse-pointer v]\n  move (10) steps\nend",
                    "explanation": "When the sprite is clicked, it will point towards the mouse pointer and then move 10 steps in that direction."
                },
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  forever\n    point towards [mouse-pointer v]\n    move (5) steps\n  end\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite continuously follow the mouse pointer."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "change x by ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_changexby",
            "functionality": "Changes the sprite's X-coordinate by the specified amount, moving it horizontally.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "DX",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "change x by (10)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when [right arrow v] key pressed\n  change x by (10)\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script moves the sprite 10 steps to the right when the right arrow key is pressed."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "set x to ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_setx",
            "functionality": "Sets the sprite's X-coordinate to a specific value, placing it at a precise horizontal position.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "X",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "set x to (0)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  set x to (0)\n  set y to (0)\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script centers the sprite horizontally at the start of the project."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "change y by ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_changeyby",
            "functionality": "Changes the sprite's Y-coordinate by the specified amount, moving it vertically.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "DY",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "change y by (10)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when [up arrow v] key pressed\n  change y by (10)\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script moves the sprite 10 steps up when the up arrow key is pressed."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "set y to ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_sety",
            "functionality": "Sets the sprite's Y-coordinate to a specific value, placing it at a precise vertical position.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "Y",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "set y to (0)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  set x to (0)\n  set y to (0)\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script centers the sprite vertically at the start of the project."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "if on edge, bounce",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_ifonedgebounce",
            "functionality": "Reverses the sprite's direction if it touches the edge of the stage.",
            "inputs": null,
            "example_standalone": "if on edge, bounce",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when I receive [start moving v]\n  repeat (50)\n    move (5) steps\n    if on edge, bounce\n  end\nend",
                    "explanation": "Upon receiving the 'start moving' broadcast, the sprite will move 5 steps repeatedly for 50 times, bouncing off edges if it touches them."
                },
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  forever\n    move (10) steps\n    if on edge, bounce\n  end\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite move continuously and bounce off the edges of the stage."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "set rotation style ()",
            "block_type": "Motion",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "motion_setrotationstyle",
            "functionality": "Determines how the sprite rotates: 'left-right' (flips horizontally), 'don't rotate' (stays facing one direction), or 'all around' (rotates freely).",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "STYLE",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "left-right",
                        "don't rotate",
                        "all around"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "set rotation style [left-right v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when backdrop switches to [game level 1 v]\n  set rotation style [all around v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "When the backdrop changes to 'game level 1', the sprite's rotation style will be set to 'all around', allowing it to rotate freely."
                },
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  set rotation style [left-right v]\n  forever\n    move (10) steps\n    if on edge, bounce\n  end \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite move horizontally and flip its costume when it hits an edge, instead of rotating."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "say () for () seconds",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_sayforsecs",
            "functionality": "Displays a speech bubble containing specified text for a set duration.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "MESSAGE",
                    "type": "string"
                },
                {
                    "name": "SECS",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "say [Hello!] for (2) seconds",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   say [Grr] for (3) seconds\n   say [Have you seen my honey? v] for (3) seconds\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite display two sequential speech bubbles with different messages and durations. First, it says 'Grr' for 3 seconds, then 'Have you seen my honey?' for another 3 seconds."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "say ()",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_say",
            "functionality": "Displays a speech bubble with the specified text indefinitely until another 'say' or 'think' block is activated.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "MESSAGE",
                    "type": "string"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "say [Hello! v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   say [Welcome to my game! v]\n   wait (2) seconds\n   say [] \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite say 'Welcome to my game!' for 2 seconds, then clears the speech bubble."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "think () for () seconds",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_thinkforsecs",
            "functionality": "Displays a thought bubble containing specified text for a set duration.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "MESSAGE",
                    "type": "string"
                },
                {
                    "name": "SECS",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "think [Hmm... v] for (2) seconds",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when this sprite clicked\n   think [What should I do? v] for (2) seconds\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite display a thought bubble saying 'What should I do?' for 2 seconds when clicked."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "think ()",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_think",
            "functionality": "Displays a thought bubble with the specified text indefinitely until another 'say' or 'think' block is activated.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "MESSAGE",
                    "type": "string"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "think [Got it! v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when I receive [correct answer v]\n   think [That's right! v]\n   wait (1) seconds\n   think [good v] \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite think 'That's right!' for 1 second when a 'correct answer' broadcast is received, then clears the thought bubble."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "switch costume to ()",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_switchcostumeto",
            "functionality": "Alters the sprite's appearance to a designated costume.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "COSTUME",
                    "type": "dropdown/number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "switch costume to [costume1 v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when I receive [explosion v]\n   repeat (5)\n     next costume\n   end\n   hide[costume1 v] \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script animates an explosion by rapidly switching costumes, then hides the sprite. [3]"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "next costume",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_nextcostume",
            "functionality": "Switches the sprite's costume to the next one in its costume list. If it's the last costume, it cycles back to the first.",
            "inputs": null,
            "example_standalone": "next costume",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when [space v] key pressed\n  repeat (3)\n    next costume\n    wait (0.1) seconds\n  end \nend",
                    "explanation": "When the space key is pressed, the sprite will cycle through its next three costumes with a short delay between each change."
                },
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   forever\n     next costume\n     wait (0.2) seconds\n   end \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script continuously animates the sprite by switching to the next costume every 0.2 seconds, creating a walking or flying effect."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "switch backdrop to ()",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_switchbackdropto",
            "functionality": "Changes the stage's backdrop to a specified backdrop.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "BACKDROP",
                    "type": "dropdown/number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "switch backdrop to [backdrop1 v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   switch backdrop to [start screen v]\nend ",
                    "explanation": "This script sets the stage to a 'start screen' backdrop when the project begins."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "switch backdrop to () and wait",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_switchbackdroptowait",
            "functionality": "Changes the stage's backdrop to a specified backdrop and pauses the script until any 'When backdrop switches to' scripts for that backdrop have finished.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "BACKDROP",
                    "type": "dropdown/number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "switch backdrop to [game over v] and wait",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "broadcast [game over v]\n   switch backdrop to [game over v] and wait\n   stop [all v] \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script broadcasts a 'game over' message, then changes the backdrop to 'game over' and waits for any associated scripts to finish before stopping all processes."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "next backdrop",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_nextbackdrop",
            "functionality": "Switches the stage's backdrop to the next one in its backdrop list. If it's the last backdrop, it cycles back to the first.",
            "inputs": null,
            "example_standalone": "next backdrop",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when [space v] key pressed\n   next backdrop\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script changes the stage to the next backdrop in the list each time the space key is pressed."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "change size by ()",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_changesizeby",
            "functionality": "Changes the sprite's size by a specified percentage. Positive values make it larger, negative values make it smaller.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "CHANGE",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "change size by (10)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   repeat (10)\n     change size by (5)\n     wait (0.1) seconds\n   end \nend ",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite gradually grow larger over 10 steps, with a short pause between each size change."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "set size to () %",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_setsizeto",
            "functionality": "Sets the sprite's size to a specific percentage of its original size.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "SIZE",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "set size to (100) %",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   set size to (50) %\n   wait (1) seconds\n   set size to (100) %\nend ",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite shrink to half its original size at the start, waits for 1 second, then returns to its original size."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "change () effect by ()",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_changeeffectby",
            "functionality": "Changes a visual effect on the sprite by a specified amount (e.g., color, fisheye, whirl, pixelate, mosaic, brightness, ghost).",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "EFFECT",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "color",
                        "fisheye",
                        "whirl",
                        "pixelate",
                        "mosaic",
                        "brightness",
                        "ghost"
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "name": "CHANGE",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "change [color v] effect by (25)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when loudness > (10)\n  change [fisheye v] effect by (5)\nend",
                    "explanation": "When the loudness detected by the microphone is greater than 10, the sprite's fisheye effect will increase by 5."
                },
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   forever\n     change [color v] effect by (5)\n     wait (0.1) seconds\n  end \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite continuously cycle through different colors."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "set () effect to ()",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_seteffectto",
            "functionality": "Sets a visual effect on the sprite to a specific value.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "EFFECT",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "color",
                        "fisheye",
                        "whirl",
                        "pixelate",
                        "mosaic",
                        "brightness",
                        "ghost"
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "name": "VALUE",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "set [ghost v] effect to (50)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   set [ghost v] effect to (75)\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite 75% transparent at the start of the project."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "clear graphic effects",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_cleargraphiceffects",
            "functionality": "Removes all visual effects applied to the sprite.",
            "inputs": null,
            "example_standalone": "clear graphic effects",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   change [color v] effect by (50)\n   wait (2) seconds\n   clear graphic effects\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script changes the sprite's color effect, waits 2 seconds, then resets all graphic effects."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "show",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_show",
            "functionality": "Makes the sprite visible on the stage.",
            "inputs": null,
            "example_standalone": "show",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   hide[start game v]\nwhen I receive [start game v]\n   show [start game v] \nend", 
                    "explanation": "This script hides the sprite at the beginning of the project and makes it visible when a 'start game' broadcast is received."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "hide",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_hide",
            "functionality": "Makes the sprite invisible on the stage.",
            "inputs": null,
            "example_standalone": "hide",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   hide \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script hides the sprite from the stage when the green flag is clicked."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "go to () layer",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_gotofrontback",
            "functionality": "Moves the sprite to the front-most or back-most layer of other sprites on the stage.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "FRONT_BACK",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "front",
                        "back"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "go to [front v] layer",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   go to [front v] layer\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script ensures the sprite is always visible on top of other sprites at the start of the project."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "go () layers",
            "block_type": "Looks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "looks_goforwardbackwardlayers",
            "functionality": "Moves the sprite forward or backward a specified number of layers in relation to other sprites.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "FORWARD_BACKWARD",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "forward",
                        "backward"
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "name": "NUM",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "go [forward v] (1) layers",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when this sprite clicked go [forward v] (1) layers\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script brings the clicked sprite one layer closer to the front."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "play sound () until done",
            "block_type": "Sound",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "sound_playuntildone",
            "functionality": "Plays a specified sound and pauses the script's execution until the sound has completed.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "sound name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "play sound [Meow v] until done",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when backdrop switches to [winning screen v]\n  play sound [fanfare v] until done\n  say [You won!] for (2) seconds\nend",
                    "explanation": "When the backdrop changes to the 'winning screen', a 'fanfare' sound will play until it finishes, and then the sprite will say 'You won!' for 2 seconds."
                },
                {
                    "script": "forever\n   play sound [Music v] until done \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script creates a continuous loop for background music, playing the 'Music' sound repeatedly."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "start sound ()",
            "block_type": "Sound",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "sound_play",
            "functionality": "Initiates playback of a specified sound without pausing the script, allowing other actions to proceed concurrently.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "sound name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "start sound [Pop v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when this sprite clicked\n   start sound [Pop v]\n   change [score v] by (1)\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script plays a 'Pop' sound and increments the score simultaneously when the sprite is clicked."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "stop all sounds",
            "block_type": "Sound",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "sound_stopallsounds",
            "functionality": "Stops all currently playing sounds.",
            "inputs": null,
            "example_standalone": "stop all sounds",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when I receive [game over v]\n   stop all sounds\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script stops any sounds currently playing when the 'game over' broadcast is received."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "change volume by ()",
            "block_type": "Sound",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "sound_changevolumeby",
            "functionality": "Changes the project's sound volume by a specified amount.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "change",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "change volume by (-10)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when [down arrow v] key pressed\n   change volume by (-5)\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script decreases the project's volume by 5 when the down arrow key is pressed."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "set volume to () %",
            "block_type": "Sound",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "sound_setvolumeto",
            "functionality": "Sets the sound volume to a specific percentage (0-100).",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "percentage",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "set volume to (100) %",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   set volume to (50) %\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script sets the project's volume to 50% when the green flag is clicked."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "broadcast ()",
            "block_type": "Events",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "event_broadcast",
            "functionality": "Sends a broadcast message throughout the Scratch program, activating any 'when I receive ()' blocks that are set to listen for that message, enabling indirect communication.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "message name",
                    "type": "string/dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "broadcast [start game v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "if <key [space v] pressed?> then\n  broadcast [jump v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script sends a 'jump' message to other scripts or sprites when the space key is pressed."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "broadcast () and wait",
            "block_type": "Events",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "event_broadcastandwait",
            "functionality": "Sends a broadcast message and pauses the current script until all other scripts activated by that broadcast have completed their execution, ensuring sequential coordination.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "message name",
                    "type": "string/dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "broadcast [initialize sprites v] and wait",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "broadcast [initialize sprites v] and wait\n  say [Game Started!] for (2) seconds",
                    "explanation": "This script ensures all sprite initialization routines complete before displaying 'Game Started!' for 2 seconds."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "wait () seconds",
            "block_type": "Control",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "control_wait",
            "functionality": "Pauses the script for a specified duration.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "seconds",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "wait (1) seconds",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "say [Hello!] for (1) seconds\n   wait (0.5) seconds\n   say [Goodbye!] for (1) seconds",
                    "explanation": "This script creates a timed dialogue sequence, pausing for 0.5 seconds between two speech bubbles."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "wait until <>",
            "block_type": "Control",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "control_wait_until",
            "functionality": "Pauses the script until the specified boolean condition becomes true. [NOTE: it takes boolean blocks as input]",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "condition",
                    "type": "boolean"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "wait until <key [space v] pressed?>",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "wait until <key [space v] pressed?>\n   start sound [pop v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script pauses until the space key is pressed, then plays a 'pop' sound."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "stop ()",
            "block_type": "Control",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "control_stop",
            "functionality": "Stops all scripts, this script, or other scripts in the sprite. Becomes a Cap Block if 'all' or 'this script' is selected in the dropdown menu.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "option",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "all",
                        "this script",
                        "other scripts in sprite"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "stop [all v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "if <score = (0)> then\n   stop [all v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script stops the entire project if the 'score' variable becomes 0."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "create clone of ()",
            "block_type": "Control",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "control_create_clone_of",
            "functionality": "Generates a copy, or clone, of a specified sprite (or 'myself' for the current sprite).",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "sprite_name",
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "myself",
                        "sprite1",
                        "..."
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "create clone of [myself v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when I start as a clone\n  show\n  go to random position\n  wait (2) seconds\n  delete this clone\nend",
                    "explanation": "When a clone is created, it will show itself, go to a random position, wait for 2 seconds, and then delete itself."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "delete this clone",
            "block_type": "Control",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "control_delete_this_clone",
            "functionality": "Deletes the clone that is currently running the script.",
            "inputs": null,
            "example_standalone": "delete this clone",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when I start as a clone\n   wait (5) seconds\n   delete this clone\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes each clone wait for 5 seconds after it's created, then deletes itself."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "set [my variable v] to ()",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_setvariableto",
            "functionality": "Assigns a specific value (number, string, or boolean) to a variable.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "variable name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                },
                {
                    "name": "value",
                    "type": "any"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "set [score v] to (0)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  set [score v] to (0)\n  set [player name v] to [Guest]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script initializes the 'score' variable to 0 and the 'player name' variable to 'Guest' when the project starts."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "change [my variable v] by ()",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_changevariableby",
            "functionality": "Increases or decreases a variable's numerical value by a specified amount.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "variable name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                },
                {
                    "name": "value",
                    "type": "number"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "change [score v] by (1)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when this sprite clicked\n  change [score v] by (1)\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script increments the 'score' variable by 1 each time the sprite is clicked."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "add () to [my list v]",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_addtolist",
            "functionality": "Appends an item to the end of a list.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "item",
                    "type": "any"
                },
                {
                    "name": "list name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "add [apple] to [shopping list v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  add [apple] to [shopping list v]\n  add [banana] to [shopping list v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script adds 'apple' and 'banana' as new items to the 'shopping list' when the project starts."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "delete () of [my list v]",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_deleteoflist",
            "functionality": "Removes an item from a list by its index or by selecting 'all' items.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "index/option",
                    "type": "number/dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "all",
                        "last",
                        "random"
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "name": "list name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "delete (1) of [my list v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  delete (all) of [my list v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script clears all items from 'my list' when the green flag is clicked."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "insert () at () of [my list v]",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_insertatlist",
            "functionality": "Inserts an item at a specific position within a list.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "item",
                    "type": "any"
                },
                {
                    "name": "index",
                    "type": "number"
                },
                {
                    "name": "list name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "insert [orange] at (2) of [fruits v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "insert [orange] at (2) of [fruits v]",
                    "explanation": "This script inserts 'orange' as the second item in the 'fruits' list, shifting subsequent items."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "replace item () of [my list v] with ()",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_replaceitemoflist",
            "functionality": "Replaces an item at a specific position in a list with a new value.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "index",
                    "type": "number"
                },
                {
                    "name": "list name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                },
                {
                    "name": "new item",
                    "type": "any"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "replace item (1) of [colors v] with [blue]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "replace item (1) of [colors v] with [blue]",
                    "explanation": "This script changes the first item in the 'colors' list to 'blue'."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "show variable [my variable v]",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_showvariable",
            "functionality": "Makes a variable's monitor visible on the stage.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "variable name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "show variable [score v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  show variable [score v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script displays the 'score' variable on the stage when the project starts."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "hide variable [my variable v]",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_hidevariable",
            "functionality": "Hides a variable's monitor from the stage.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "variable name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "hide variable [score v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when I receive [game over v]\n  hide variable [score v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script hides the 'score' variable when the 'game over' broadcast is received."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "show list [my list v]",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_showlist",
            "functionality": "Makes a list's monitor visible on the stage.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "list name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "show list [shopping list v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  show list [shopping list v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script displays the 'shopping list' on the stage when the project starts."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "hide list [my list v]",
            "block_type": "Data",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "data_hidelist",
            "functionality": "Hides a list's monitor from the stage.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "list name",
                    "type": "dropdown"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "hide list [shopping list v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when I receive [game over v]\n  hide list [shopping list v]\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script hides the 'shopping list' when the 'game over' broadcast is received."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "Ask () and Wait",
            "block_type": "Sensing",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "sensing_askandwait",
            "functionality": "Displays an input box with specified text at the bottom of the screen, allowing users to input text, which is stored in the 'Answer' block.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "question",
                    "type": "text"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "ask [What is your name? v] and wait",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "ask [What is your name? v] and wait\n  say join [Hello v] (answer) for (2) seconds \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script prompts the user for their name, waits for input, then greets them using the provided answer."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "Reset Timer",
            "block_type": "Sensing",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "sensing_resettimer",
            "functionality": "Sets the timer’s value back to 0.0.",
            "inputs": null,
            "example_standalone": "reset timer",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  reset timer\n  wait (5) seconds\n  say timer for (2) seconds\nend",
                    "explanation": "This script resets the timer at the start, waits for 5 seconds, then says the current timer value."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "set drag mode [draggable v]",
            "block_type": "Sensing",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "sensing_setdragmode",
            "functionality": "Sets whether the sprite can be dragged by the mouse on the stage.",
            "inputs": null,
            "fields": {
                "DRAG_MODE": {
                    "type": "dropdown",
                    "options": [
                        "draggable",
                        "not draggable"
                    ]
                }
            },
            "example_standalone": "set drag mode [draggable v]",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  set drag mode [not draggable v]\nend when this sprite clicked\n  set drag mode [draggable v] \nend",
                    "explanation": "This script makes the sprite not draggable when the project starts, but allows it to be dragged once it's clicked."
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "block_name": "[my custom block]",
            "block_type": "My Blocks",
            "block_shape": "Stack Block",
            "op_code": "procedures_call",
            "functionality": "Executes the script defined by a corresponding 'define' Hat block. This block allows users to call and reuse custom code sequences by simply dragging and dropping it into their scripts, optionally providing required input values.",
            "inputs": [
                {
                    "name": "argument_name_1",
                    "type": "any"
                },
                {
                    "name": "argument_name_2",
                    "type": "any"
                }
            ],
            "example_standalone": "jump (50)",
            "example_with_other_blocks": [
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n  go to x: (0) y: (0)\n  jump (50)\n  wait (1) seconds\n  say [I jumped!] for (2) seconds",
                    "explanation": "This script moves the sprite to a starting position, then calls the 'jump' custom block with an input of 50 (assuming 'jump' is a custom block that moves the sprite up and down). After the jump, the sprite says 'I jumped!'."
                },
                {
                    "script": "when green flag clicked\n   hide\n   forever\n     create clone of [myself v]\n     wait (1) seconds\n   end",
                    "explanation": "This script continuously creates new clones of the current sprite every second after the original sprite hides itself."
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}