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- README.md +317 -133
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bjn_128d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bjn_128d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bjn_32d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bjn_32d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bjn_64d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bjn_64d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/subword_markov/bjn_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bjn_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bjn_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bjn_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bjn_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bjn_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bjn_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bjn_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bjn_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bjn_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bjn_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bjn_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bjn_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bjn_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/bjn_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/bjn_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/bjn_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/bjn_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/bjn_tokenizer_64k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/bjn_tokenizer_64k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/bjn_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/bjn_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
- models/vocabulary/bjn_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
- models/vocabulary/bjn_vocabulary_metadata.json +10 -9
- models/word_markov/bjn_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bjn_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bjn_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bjn_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bjn_markov_ctx3_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bjn_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bjn_markov_ctx4_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bjn_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bjn_2gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bjn_2gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bjn_3gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bjn_3gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bjn_4gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bjn_4gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_norms.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_similarity.png +2 -2
- visualizations/markov_branching.png +0 -0
- visualizations/markov_contexts.png +0 -0
README.md
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value: 4.
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value:
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generated:
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---
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# BJN - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3 and
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6.
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **8k** | 3.
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| **16k** | 4.
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| **32k** | 4.
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| **64k** | 4.
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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**Sample 1:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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**Sample 2:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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**Sample 3:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 4.
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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### Results
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| N-gram | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **3-gram** |
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| **3-gram** | 1,
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| **4-gram** |
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### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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**2-grams:**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram with
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- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
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- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~
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- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
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---
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### Results
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| Context | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
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**Context Size 1:**
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**Context Size 2:**
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**Context Size 3:**
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**Context Size 4:**
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### Key Findings
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- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
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- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (
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- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
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---
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Vocabulary Size |
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| Total Tokens |
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| Mean Frequency | 23.
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| Median Frequency | 4 |
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### Most Common Words
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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|------|------|-----------|
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### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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### Zipf's Law Analysis
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| Metric | Value |
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| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
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### Coverage Analysis
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| Top N Words | Coverage |
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|-------------|----------|
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### Key Findings
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---
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## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
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### Model Comparison
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.
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- **Recommendation:**
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---
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## 6.
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| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
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|-----------|-------------|-----------|
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| Tokenizer | **
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| N-gram | **
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| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (
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| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
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---
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## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
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author = {Kamali, Omar},
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title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
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institution = {Omneity Labs}
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}
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- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
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- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
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- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
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---
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*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
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*Report Date:
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metrics:
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| 24 |
- name: best_compression_ratio
|
| 25 |
type: compression
|
| 26 |
+
value: 4.828
|
| 27 |
- name: best_isotropy
|
| 28 |
type: isotropy
|
| 29 |
+
value: 0.8673
|
| 30 |
- name: vocabulary_size
|
| 31 |
type: vocab
|
| 32 |
+
value: 0
|
| 33 |
+
generated: 2026-01-03
|
| 34 |
---
|
| 35 |
|
| 36 |
# BJN - Wikilangs Models
|
|
|
|
| 44 |
### Models & Assets
|
| 45 |
|
| 46 |
- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
|
| 47 |
+
- N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
|
| 48 |
+
- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
|
| 49 |
- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
|
| 50 |
+
- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
|
| 51 |
- Language Vocabulary
|
| 52 |
- Language Statistics
|
| 53 |
+
|
| 54 |

|
| 55 |
|
| 56 |
### Analysis and Evaluation
|
|
|
|
| 60 |
- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
|
| 61 |
- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
|
| 62 |
- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
|
| 63 |
+
- [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
|
| 64 |
+
- [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
|
| 65 |
- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
|
| 66 |
- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
|
| 67 |
|
|
|
|
| 70 |
|
| 71 |

|
| 72 |
|
| 73 |
+

|
| 74 |
+
|
| 75 |
+

|
| 76 |
+
|
| 77 |
+

|
| 78 |
+
|
| 79 |
### Results
|
| 80 |
|
| 81 |
| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
|
| 82 |
|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
|
| 83 |
+
| **8k** | 3.761x | 3.76 | 0.3901% | 369,664 |
|
| 84 |
+
| **16k** | 4.163x | 4.17 | 0.4318% | 333,925 |
|
| 85 |
+
| **32k** | 4.537x | 4.54 | 0.4706% | 306,394 |
|
| 86 |
+
| **64k** | 4.828x 🏆 | 4.83 | 0.5008% | 287,926 |
|
| 87 |
|
| 88 |
### Tokenization Examples
|
| 89 |
|
| 90 |
Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
|
| 91 |
|
| 92 |
+
**Sample 1:** `Gunung Anyar adalah sabuting kacamatan di Kuta Surabaya, Prupinsi Jawa Timur, In...`
|
| 93 |
|
| 94 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 95 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 96 |
+
| 8k | `▁gunung ▁anyar ▁adalah ▁sabuting ▁kacamatan ▁di ▁kuta ▁surabaya , ▁prupinsi ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
|
| 97 |
+
| 16k | `▁gunung ▁anyar ▁adalah ▁sabuting ▁kacamatan ▁di ▁kuta ▁surabaya , ▁prupinsi ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
|
| 98 |
+
| 32k | `▁gunung ▁anyar ▁adalah ▁sabuting ▁kacamatan ▁di ▁kuta ▁surabaya , ▁prupinsi ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
|
| 99 |
+
| 64k | `▁gunung ▁anyar ▁adalah ▁sabuting ▁kacamatan ▁di ▁kuta ▁surabaya , ▁prupinsi ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
|
| 100 |
|
| 101 |
+
**Sample 2:** `Tebedak adalah sabuah kampung di Kacamatan Ngabang, Kabupatin Landak, Prupinsi K...`
|
| 102 |
|
| 103 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 104 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 105 |
+
| 8k | `▁teb ed ak ▁adalah ▁sabuah ▁kampung ▁di ▁kacamatan ▁ngabang , ... (+9 more)` | 19 |
|
| 106 |
+
| 16k | `▁teb edak ▁adalah ▁sabuah ▁kampung ▁di ▁kacamatan ▁ngabang , ▁kabupatin ... (+8 more)` | 18 |
|
| 107 |
+
| 32k | `▁teb edak ▁adalah ▁sabuah ▁kampung ▁di ▁kacamatan ▁ngabang , ▁kabupatin ... (+8 more)` | 18 |
|
| 108 |
+
| 64k | `▁tebedak ▁adalah ▁sabuah ▁kampung ▁di ▁kacamatan ▁ngabang , ▁kabupatin ▁landak ... (+7 more)` | 17 |
|
| 109 |
|
| 110 |
+
**Sample 3:** `Handil Birayang Atas yaitu sabuting kampung di Kacamatan Bumi Makmur, Kabupatin ...`
|
| 111 |
|
| 112 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 113 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 114 |
+
| 8k | `▁handil ▁bir ayang ▁atas ▁yaitu ▁sabuting ▁kampung ▁di ▁kacamatan ▁bumi ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
|
| 115 |
+
| 16k | `▁handil ▁bir ayang ▁atas ▁yaitu ▁sabuting ▁kampung ▁di ▁kacamatan ▁bumi ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
|
| 116 |
+
| 32k | `▁handil ▁birayang ▁atas ▁yaitu ▁sabuting ▁kampung ▁di ▁kacamatan ▁bumi ▁makmur ... (+11 more)` | 21 |
|
| 117 |
+
| 64k | `▁handil ▁birayang ▁atas ▁yaitu ▁sabuting ▁kampung ▁di ▁kacamatan ▁bumi ▁makmur ... (+11 more)` | 21 |
|
| 118 |
|
| 119 |
|
| 120 |
### Key Findings
|
| 121 |
|
| 122 |
+
- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 4.828x compression
|
| 123 |
+
- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.3901% unknown tokens
|
| 124 |
- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
|
| 125 |
- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
|
| 126 |
|
|
|
|
| 129 |
|
| 130 |

|
| 131 |
|
| 132 |
+

|
| 133 |
+
|
| 134 |

|
| 135 |
|
| 136 |
### Results
|
| 137 |
|
| 138 |
+
| N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
|
| 139 |
+
|--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
|
| 140 |
+
| **2-gram** | Word | 6,379 | 12.64 | 21,446 | 23.8% | 44.7% |
|
| 141 |
+
| **2-gram** | Subword | 186 🏆 | 7.54 | 2,773 | 78.2% | 99.5% |
|
| 142 |
+
| **3-gram** | Word | 3,749 | 11.87 | 17,540 | 32.7% | 52.0% |
|
| 143 |
+
| **3-gram** | Subword | 1,430 | 10.48 | 20,264 | 34.4% | 80.3% |
|
| 144 |
+
| **4-gram** | Word | 5,222 | 12.35 | 24,563 | 29.0% | 48.3% |
|
| 145 |
+
| **4-gram** | Subword | 7,617 | 12.90 | 99,301 | 17.6% | 50.0% |
|
| 146 |
|
| 147 |
### Top 5 N-grams by Size
|
| 148 |
|
| 149 |
+
**2-grams (Word):**
|
| 150 |
+
|
| 151 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 152 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 153 |
+
| 1 | `kampung di` | 5,958 |
|
| 154 |
+
| 2 | `prupinsi kalimantan` | 5,878 |
|
| 155 |
+
| 3 | `di kacamatan` | 5,619 |
|
| 156 |
+
| 4 | `adalah sabuah` | 4,219 |
|
| 157 |
+
| 5 | `sabuah kampung` | 3,812 |
|
| 158 |
+
|
| 159 |
+
**3-grams (Word):**
|
| 160 |
+
|
| 161 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 162 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 163 |
+
| 1 | `kampung di kacamatan` | 5,212 |
|
| 164 |
+
| 2 | `adalah sabuah kampung` | 3,811 |
|
| 165 |
+
| 3 | `sabuah kampung di` | 3,810 |
|
| 166 |
+
| 4 | `kalimantan selatan indunisia` | 2,206 |
|
| 167 |
+
| 5 | `prupinsi kalimantan selatan` | 2,192 |
|
| 168 |
+
|
| 169 |
+
**4-grams (Word):**
|
| 170 |
+
|
| 171 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 172 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 173 |
+
| 1 | `sabuah kampung di kacamatan` | 3,810 |
|
| 174 |
+
| 2 | `adalah sabuah kampung di` | 3,809 |
|
| 175 |
+
| 3 | `prupinsi kalimantan selatan indunisia` | 2,158 |
|
| 176 |
+
| 4 | `prupinsi kalimantan barat indunisia` | 1,806 |
|
| 177 |
+
| 5 | `sabuting kampung di kacamatan` | 1,342 |
|
| 178 |
+
|
| 179 |
+
**2-grams (Subword):**
|
| 180 |
|
| 181 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 182 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 183 |
+
| 1 | `a n` | 360,335 |
|
| 184 |
+
| 2 | `n _` | 192,183 |
|
| 185 |
+
| 3 | `n g` | 150,787 |
|
| 186 |
+
| 4 | `a _` | 137,197 |
|
| 187 |
+
| 5 | `k a` | 130,918 |
|
| 188 |
|
| 189 |
+
**3-grams (Subword):**
|
| 190 |
|
| 191 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 192 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 193 |
+
| 1 | `a n _` | 154,048 |
|
| 194 |
+
| 2 | `a n g` | 83,639 |
|
| 195 |
+
| 3 | `_ k a` | 75,768 |
|
| 196 |
+
| 4 | `n g _` | 74,596 |
|
| 197 |
+
| 5 | `_ m a` | 57,180 |
|
| 198 |
|
| 199 |
+
**4-grams (Subword):**
|
| 200 |
|
| 201 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 202 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 203 |
+
| 1 | `a n g _` | 48,221 |
|
| 204 |
+
| 2 | `t a n _` | 34,250 |
|
| 205 |
+
| 3 | `n a n g` | 29,540 |
|
| 206 |
+
| 4 | `a t a n` | 29,135 |
|
| 207 |
+
| 5 | `_ n a n` | 28,221 |
|
| 208 |
|
| 209 |
|
| 210 |
### Key Findings
|
| 211 |
|
| 212 |
+
- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 186
|
| 213 |
- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
|
| 214 |
+
- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~50% of corpus
|
| 215 |
- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
|
| 216 |
|
| 217 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 219 |
|
| 220 |

|
| 221 |
|
| 222 |
+

|
| 223 |
+
|
| 224 |

|
| 225 |
|
| 226 |
### Results
|
| 227 |
|
| 228 |
+
| Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
|
| 229 |
+
|---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
|
| 230 |
+
| **1** | Word | 0.8466 | 1.798 | 5.65 | 98,412 | 15.3% |
|
| 231 |
+
| **1** | Subword | 0.7154 | 1.642 | 4.59 | 2,413 | 28.5% |
|
| 232 |
+
| **2** | Word | 0.2332 | 1.175 | 1.48 | 553,823 | 76.7% |
|
| 233 |
+
| **2** | Subword | 0.6822 | 1.605 | 4.16 | 11,071 | 31.8% |
|
| 234 |
+
| **3** | Word | 0.0559 | 1.040 | 1.08 | 814,594 | 94.4% |
|
| 235 |
+
| **3** | Subword | 0.7802 | 1.717 | 3.89 | 46,029 | 22.0% |
|
| 236 |
+
| **4** | Word | 0.0149 🏆 | 1.010 | 1.02 | 878,428 | 98.5% |
|
| 237 |
+
| **4** | Subword | 0.6536 | 1.573 | 2.81 | 179,116 | 34.6% |
|
| 238 |
+
|
| 239 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
|
| 240 |
+
|
| 241 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
|
| 242 |
|
| 243 |
+
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 244 |
+
|
| 245 |
+
1. `di sarawak ihwal nitu pamimpin national league soccer wan upananda diikat albumin salain satelitnya ...`
|
| 246 |
+
2. `nang kaya talabang pinggir papila yaitu hutan hujan pada sidang agung nang disuruh rayi rayiading ad...`
|
| 247 |
+
3. `wan teolog kadada dana saganal ganalnya ujak langsung maka kata lawan kakawanannya sesama youtuber p...`
|
| 248 |
+
|
| 249 |
+
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 250 |
+
|
| 251 |
+
1. `kampung di wilayah kacamatan sei menggaris pambagian administratip kacamatan batu ampar pambagian ad...`
|
| 252 |
+
2. `prupinsi kalimantan barat indunisia géografi watas wilayah kampung baru yaitu sabuting kampung di ka...`
|
| 253 |
+
3. `di kacamatan gambut kabupatin banjar prupinsi kalimantan timur indunisia géografi watas wilayah wata...`
|
| 254 |
+
|
| 255 |
+
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 256 |
+
|
| 257 |
+
1. `kampung di kacamatan babat kabupatin lamongan prupinsi jawa timur indunisia jujuhutan`
|
| 258 |
+
2. `adalah sabuah kampung di kacamatan parindu kabupatin sanggau prupinsi kalimantan barat indunisia géo...`
|
| 259 |
+
3. `sabuah kampung di kacamatan solokuro kabupatin lamongan prupinsi jawa timur indunisia jujuhutan`
|
| 260 |
+
|
| 261 |
+
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 262 |
|
| 263 |
+
1. `sabuah kampung di kacamatan muara badak kabupatin kutai kartanegara prupinsi kalimantan timur induni...`
|
| 264 |
+
2. `adalah sabuah kampung di kacamatan kota bangun kabupatin kutai kartanegara prupinsi kalimantan timur...`
|
| 265 |
+
3. `sabuting kampung di kacamatan pulau laut timur kabupatin kotabaru prupinsi kalimantan selatan induni...`
|
| 266 |
+
|
| 267 |
+
|
| 268 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
|
| 269 |
+
|
| 270 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
|
| 271 |
|
| 272 |
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 273 |
|
| 274 |
+
1. `ah_beratelancit_`
|
| 275 |
+
2. `_k_harangipin_pa`
|
| 276 |
+
3. `n_seajudan_ancar`
|
| 277 |
|
| 278 |
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 279 |
|
| 280 |
+
1. `antar_hunimungara`
|
| 281 |
+
2. `n_vilet,_dimbuan_`
|
| 282 |
+
3. `ng._ikuah_nanti_h`
|
| 283 |
|
| 284 |
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 285 |
|
| 286 |
+
1. `an_hijau_duwa_dino`
|
| 287 |
+
2. `angai_wataceh_tan_`
|
| 288 |
+
3. `_kamiri'iai_(di_ka`
|
| 289 |
|
| 290 |
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 291 |
|
| 292 |
+
1. `ang_paningkayat_nan`
|
| 293 |
+
2. `tan_sabalumnya,_jum`
|
| 294 |
+
3. `nang_labu_adalah_ra`
|
| 295 |
|
| 296 |
|
| 297 |
### Key Findings
|
| 298 |
|
| 299 |
+
- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 98.5% predictability
|
| 300 |
- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
|
| 301 |
+
- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (179,116 contexts)
|
| 302 |
- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
|
| 303 |
|
| 304 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 314 |
|
| 315 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 316 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 317 |
+
| Vocabulary Size | 41,097 |
|
| 318 |
+
| Total Tokens | 980,207 |
|
| 319 |
+
| Mean Frequency | 23.85 |
|
| 320 |
| Median Frequency | 4 |
|
| 321 |
+
| Frequency Std Dev | 276.25 |
|
| 322 |
|
| 323 |
### Most Common Words
|
| 324 |
|
| 325 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 326 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 327 |
+
| 1 | di | 27,381 |
|
| 328 |
+
| 2 | nang | 26,981 |
|
| 329 |
+
| 3 | wan | 16,949 |
|
| 330 |
+
| 4 | adalah | 10,740 |
|
| 331 |
+
| 5 | indunisia | 9,397 |
|
| 332 |
+
| 6 | lawan | 9,395 |
|
| 333 |
+
| 7 | kacamatan | 9,110 |
|
| 334 |
+
| 8 | kalimantan | 8,310 |
|
| 335 |
+
| 9 | kampung | 7,769 |
|
| 336 |
+
| 10 | matan | 7,559 |
|
| 337 |
|
| 338 |
### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
|
| 339 |
|
| 340 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 341 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 342 |
+
| 1 | subreddit | 2 |
|
| 343 |
+
| 2 | falco | 2 |
|
| 344 |
+
| 3 | altarnatif | 2 |
|
| 345 |
+
| 4 | elevasi | 2 |
|
| 346 |
+
| 5 | kapus | 2 |
|
| 347 |
+
| 6 | klayangan | 2 |
|
| 348 |
+
| 7 | simbangan | 2 |
|
| 349 |
+
| 8 | basyah | 2 |
|
| 350 |
+
| 9 | simanggu | 2 |
|
| 351 |
+
| 10 | kaliningan | 2 |
|
| 352 |
|
| 353 |
### Zipf's Law Analysis
|
| 354 |
|
| 355 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 356 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 357 |
+
| Zipf Coefficient | 1.0489 |
|
| 358 |
+
| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.995015 |
|
| 359 |
| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
|
| 360 |
|
| 361 |
### Coverage Analysis
|
| 362 |
|
| 363 |
| Top N Words | Coverage |
|
| 364 |
|-------------|----------|
|
| 365 |
+
| Top 100 | 35.5% |
|
| 366 |
+
| Top 1,000 | 62.3% |
|
| 367 |
+
| Top 5,000 | 81.6% |
|
| 368 |
+
| Top 10,000 | 88.8% |
|
| 369 |
|
| 370 |
### Key Findings
|
| 371 |
|
| 372 |
+
- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9950 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
|
| 373 |
+
- **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 35.5% of corpus
|
| 374 |
+
- **Long Tail:** 31,097 words needed for remaining 11.2% coverage
|
| 375 |
|
| 376 |
---
|
| 377 |
## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
|
|
|
|
| 384 |
|
| 385 |

|
| 386 |
|
|
|
|
| 387 |
|
| 388 |
+
### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
|
| 389 |
+
|
| 390 |
+
> *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
|
| 391 |
+
|
| 392 |
+
|
| 393 |
+
### 5.2 Model Comparison
|
| 394 |
+
|
| 395 |
+
| Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
|
| 396 |
+
|-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
|
| 397 |
+
| **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.8673 🏆 | 0.3425 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 398 |
+
| **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.8381 | 0.2559 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 399 |
+
| **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.5573 | 0.2314 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 400 |
|
| 401 |
### Key Findings
|
| 402 |
|
| 403 |
+
- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.8673 (more uniform distribution)
|
| 404 |
+
- **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.2766. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
|
| 405 |
+
- **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
|
| 406 |
+
- **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
|
| 407 |
|
| 408 |
---
|
| 409 |
+
## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
|
| 410 |
+
|
| 411 |
+
> ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
|
| 412 |
+
|
| 413 |
+
This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
|
| 414 |
+
|
| 415 |
+
### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
|
| 416 |
+
|
| 417 |
+
| Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
|
| 418 |
+
|--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
|
| 419 |
+
| Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
|
| 420 |
+
| Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
|
| 421 |
+
|
| 422 |
+
### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
|
| 423 |
+
|
| 424 |
+
These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.
|
| 425 |
+
|
| 426 |
+
#### Productive Prefixes
|
| 427 |
+
| Prefix | Examples |
|
| 428 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 429 |
+
| `-ma` | malayisasi, maajuakan, mamake |
|
| 430 |
+
| `-pa` | padatuannya, parlumbaan, panyalidikan |
|
| 431 |
+
| `-di` | dirasmikan, ditarima, diversity |
|
| 432 |
+
| `-ba` | babanyu, bacalak, badatang |
|
| 433 |
+
| `-ka` | karaktir, kavi, kailmuan |
|
| 434 |
+
| `-me` | melimpah, mesoamerika, menceritakan |
|
| 435 |
+
| `-man` | manuntun, manguap, mangurbanakan |
|
| 436 |
+
| `-pe` | perhubungan, perpaduan, peraih |
|
| 437 |
+
|
| 438 |
+
#### Productive Suffixes
|
| 439 |
+
| Suffix | Examples |
|
| 440 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 441 |
+
| `-n` | perhubungan, dirasmikan, parlumbaan |
|
| 442 |
+
| `-an` | perhubungan, dirasmikan, parlumbaan |
|
| 443 |
+
| `-a` | padatuannya, ditarima, arménia |
|
| 444 |
+
| `-ng` | sekapung, jelutung, badatang |
|
| 445 |
+
| `-ya` | padatuannya, syairnya, sautingnya |
|
| 446 |
+
| `-nya` | padatuannya, syairnya, sautingnya |
|
| 447 |
+
| `-kan` | dirasmikan, maajuakan, panyalidikan |
|
| 448 |
+
| `-akan` | maajuakan, menceritakan, mambedakan |
|
| 449 |
+
|
| 450 |
+
### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
|
| 451 |
+
|
| 452 |
+
Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.
|
| 453 |
+
|
| 454 |
+
| Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
|
| 455 |
+
|------|----------|------------------|----------|
|
| 456 |
+
| `anga` | 1.72x | 223 contexts | tanga, sanga, angah |
|
| 457 |
+
| `unga` | 1.95x | 57 contexts | bunga, tungau, sungay |
|
| 458 |
+
| `ntan` | 1.94x | 48 contexts | antan, intan, rentan |
|
| 459 |
+
| `ngan` | 1.85x | 58 contexts | bongan, ringan, mangan |
|
| 460 |
+
| `anja` | 1.68x | 82 contexts | ganja, anjat, sanja |
|
| 461 |
+
| `ting` | 1.59x | 79 contexts | piting, tingah, eating |
|
| 462 |
+
| `ndun` | 2.11x | 23 contexts | rundun, indung, bendung |
|
| 463 |
+
| `mant` | 1.80x | 39 contexts | manta, manti, mantah |
|
| 464 |
+
| `dala` | 1.69x | 38 contexts | dalas, dalam, adalah |
|
| 465 |
+
| `pung` | 1.88x | 21 contexts | apung, tapung, oppung |
|
| 466 |
+
| `atin` | 1.75x | 26 contexts | patin, satin, atina |
|
| 467 |
+
| `mpun` | 1.61x | 27 contexts | ampun, impun, rumpun |
|
| 468 |
+
|
| 469 |
+
### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
|
| 470 |
+
|
| 471 |
+
This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.
|
| 472 |
+
|
| 473 |
+
| Prefix | Suffix | Frequency | Examples |
|
| 474 |
+
|--------|--------|-----------|----------|
|
| 475 |
+
| `-pa` | `-n` | 239 words | panulisan, panjagaan |
|
| 476 |
+
| `-pa` | `-an` | 228 words | panulisan, panjagaan |
|
| 477 |
+
| `-di` | `-n` | 165 words | dibandingakan, didasarakan |
|
| 478 |
+
| `-di` | `-an` | 159 words | dibandingakan, didasarakan |
|
| 479 |
+
| `-ma` | `-n` | 156 words | manurunakan, manyaurangan |
|
| 480 |
+
| `-di` | `-kan` | 155 words | dibandingakan, didasarakan |
|
| 481 |
+
| `-ma` | `-an` | 145 words | manurunakan, manyaurangan |
|
| 482 |
+
| `-ka` | `-n` | 144 words | kaharuddin, kawarganegaraan |
|
| 483 |
+
| `-ka` | `-an` | 138 words | kawarganegaraan, katabalan |
|
| 484 |
+
| `-ma` | `-kan` | 127 words | manurunakan, mahamburakan |
|
| 485 |
+
|
| 486 |
+
### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
|
| 487 |
+
|
| 488 |
+
Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., `prefix-prefix-root-suffix`).
|
| 489 |
+
|
| 490 |
+
| Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
|
| 491 |
+
|------|-----------------|------------|------|
|
| 492 |
+
| kadatangannya | **`ka-data-ng-an-nya`** | 9.0 | `data` |
|
| 493 |
+
| dikaluarkannya | **`di-ka-luar-kan-nya`** | 9.0 | `luar` |
|
| 494 |
+
| badatangan | **`ba-data-ng-an`** | 7.5 | `data` |
|
| 495 |
+
| dibayangakan | **`di-ba-yang-akan`** | 7.5 | `yang` |
|
| 496 |
+
| kahabangan | **`ka-haba-ng-an`** | 7.5 | `haba` |
|
| 497 |
+
| ditinggalakannya | **`di-tinggal-akan-nya`** | 7.5 | `tinggal` |
|
| 498 |
+
| kakuasaannya | **`ka-kuasa-an-nya`** | 7.5 | `kuasa` |
|
| 499 |
+
| didinginakan | **`di-di-ngin-akan`** | 7.5 | `ngin` |
|
| 500 |
+
| mamakainya | **`ma-ma-ka-inya`** | 7.5 | `inya` |
|
| 501 |
+
| kaakhirannya | **`ka-akhir-an-nya`** | 7.5 | `akhir` |
|
| 502 |
+
| kadalamannya | **`ka-dalam-an-nya`** | 7.5 | `dalam` |
|
| 503 |
+
| katakutanan | **`ka-takut-an-an`** | 7.5 | `takut` |
|
| 504 |
+
| kanyataannya | **`ka-nyata-an-nya`** | 7.5 | `nyata` |
|
| 505 |
+
| dikeluarakan | **`di-keluar-akan`** | 6.0 | `keluar` |
|
| 506 |
+
| batanaman | **`ba-tanam-an`** | 6.0 | `tanam` |
|
| 507 |
+
|
| 508 |
+
### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
|
| 509 |
+
|
| 510 |
+
> **Automated Insight:**
|
| 511 |
+
The language BJN appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
|
| 512 |
+
|
| 513 |
+
---
|
| 514 |
+
## 7. Summary & Recommendations
|
| 515 |
|
| 516 |

|
| 517 |
|
|
|
|
| 519 |
|
| 520 |
| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
|
| 521 |
|-----------|-------------|-----------|
|
| 522 |
+
| Tokenizer | **64k BPE** | Best compression (4.83x) |
|
| 523 |
+
| N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (186) |
|
| 524 |
+
| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (98.5%) |
|
| 525 |
| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
|
| 526 |
|
| 527 |
+
|
| 528 |
---
|
| 529 |
## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
|
| 530 |
|
|
|
|
| 714 |
author = {Kamali, Omar},
|
| 715 |
title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
|
| 716 |
year = {2025},
|
| 717 |
+
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
|
| 718 |
+
publisher = {Zenodo},
|
| 719 |
url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
|
| 720 |
institution = {Omneity Labs}
|
| 721 |
}
|
|
|
|
| 731 |
- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
|
| 732 |
- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
|
| 733 |
- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
|
| 734 |
+
- 🤝 Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
|
| 735 |
---
|
| 736 |
*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
|
| 737 |
|
| 738 |
+
*Report Date: 2026-01-03 07:24:26*
|
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