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1
|
In the mass spectrum in the upper left corner, what is the mass corresponding to the signal peak labeled “0P”?
|
2,672.4 Da
|
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
| 0
|
|
2
|
In the mass spectrum in the lower left corner, what is the approximate mass difference between the peak labeled “+2P” and the peak labeled “+1P”?
|
79.8 Da
|
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
| 1
|
|
3
|
In the third mass spectrum, counting from left to right and then from top to bottom, which phosphorylation state exhibits the highest relative abundance?
|
Monophosphorylation (+1P)
|
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
| 1
|
|
4
|
How many individual mass spectra subplots are contained in this figure in total?
|
4
|
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
| 0
|
|
5
|
How many substances are annotated across all the mass spectrometry subfigures?
|
4
|
Caption: Figure 4: P-TEFb is a Ser5 CTD kinase.
Description:
(b) ESI-MS analyses after 5 h incubation with P-TEFb showed that the S2A CTD mutant is still susceptible as P-TEFb substrate while no phosphorylation occurred for the S5A mutant.
| 1
|
|
6
|
What is the approximate binding energy (eV) of the rightmost peak within the Pt(0) peak?
|
approximately 71 eV
|
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
| 0
|
|
7
|
Which species exhibits a larger peak area, Pt(II) or Pt(0)?
|
The peak area of Pt(0) is larger.
|
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
| 1
|
|
8
|
What is the approximate binding energy (in eV) of the Ni 2p peak?
|
approximately 855 eV
|
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
| 0
|
|
9
|
Which of the highest-intensity peaks in the left and right subplots is stronger?
|
Figure b
|
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
| 1
|
|
10
|
How many Pt(II) peaks appear in Figure a?
|
2
|
Caption: Figure 2: XPS analysis of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2.
Description: (a) XPS spectrum of Pt 4f region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2; (b) XPS spectra of Ni 2p region of Pt NWs/SL-Ni(OH)2and SL-Ni(OH)2. The dashed line in (b) highlights that the Ni 2p peak position in the two samples remains the same.
| 1
|
|
11
|
Under “Light + CO₂” conditions, around which Raman shift is the most intense Raman peak located?
|
Approximately 2930 cm⁻¹
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represents the metabolic activities of the cells.
| 1
|
|
12
|
Which experimental condition yields the highest spectral intensity in the C–D vibrational region?
|
Light + CO₂
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represents the metabolic activities of the cells.
| 1
|
|
13
|
Compared to the Raman peak at approximately 2930 cm⁻¹, what characteristics does the peak shape in the C–D vibrational region exhibit?
|
The peak exhibits lower intensity and is comparatively less sharp.
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represents the metabolic activities of the cells.
| 1
|
|
14
|
What physical quantity is represented on the X-axis of this figure, and what is its unit?
|
Wavenumber, cm⁻¹
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represents the metabolic activities of the cells.
| 0
|
|
15
|
In the legend, which experimental condition does the gray curve correspond to?
|
Dark + CO₂
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Metabolic activities ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.
Description:
a. Averaged single-cell Raman spectra ofR. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D2O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm−1, the extent of which represents the metabolic activities of the cells.
| 0
|
|
16
|
In the left figure, at approximately what wavelength is the absorption maximum (λmax) located?
|
610 nm
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
| 0
|
|
17
|
In subfigure a, how does the absorbance at λmax change with vibration time (0 to 35 min)?
|
gradually decreases
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
| 1
|
|
18
|
In subfigure a, is the temporal variation of the absorption peak bandwidth significant?
|
No significant change.
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
| 1
|
|
19
|
What does the appearance of the green line, which is not included in the legend, in the right-hand absorption peak indicate?
|
The blue line at 20 min and the yellow line at 30 min overlap in certain regions.
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
| 1
|
|
20
|
What are the labels of the x-axis and y-axis, respectively?
|
Horizontal axis: Wavelength (nm), Vertical axis: Absorbance (a.u.)
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Degradation properties of piezo-catalysis.
Description:
UV-Vis absorption spectra of Indigo Carmine solutions at various vibration time for the a poled and b unpoled BTO nanoparticles.
| 0
|
|
21
|
For the absorption curve corresponding to 12%, what is the approximate ratio of the absorbance at 350 nm to that at 500 nm?
|
approximately sevenfold
|
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
| 1
|
|
22
|
What is the concentration corresponding to the maximum absorption intensity?
|
0.18
|
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
| 1
|
|
23
|
Which legend variable’s direction of increase aligns with the direction indicated by the dashed arrow in the figure?
|
Percent concentration
|
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
| 1
|
|
24
|
How many subfigures are included in the image?
|
Two subfigures
|
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
| 0
|
|
25
|
How many distinct percentage absorption curves does the horizontal line at an absorbance value of 1.0 intersect?
|
6
|
Caption: Fig. 1: Standard characterisation of the cobalt catalysts and photosystem.
Description:
A. Cobalt complex in dimethylformamide titration with water followed by in situ UV-Vis, with inset showing the effect of acid in the spectrum, it represents with and without acid in water.
| 1
|
|
26
|
At approximately which wavenumber is the strongest absorption peak in the reference spectrum of Li₂CO₃ located?
|
Approximately 1480 cm⁻¹
|
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH and Li2CO3are also shown.
| 1
|
|
27
|
Among the three spectra labeled “Pristine,” “Discharge,” and “Charge,” which one exhibits the highest absorption peak intensity at approximately 860 cm⁻¹?
|
Discharge
|
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH and Li2CO3are also shown.
| 1
|
|
28
|
In the “Pristine” spectrum, within the wavenumber range between the two green highlighted regions, how many distinct, well-separated absorption peaks can be observed?
|
4
|
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH and Li2CO3are also shown.
| 1
|
|
29
|
Which other spectrum shown in the figure does the overall peak shape and peak positions of the “Charge” spectrum most closely resemble?
|
Pristine
|
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH and Li2CO3are also shown.
| 1
|
|
30
|
How many individual infrared spectra are displayed in subfigure (a) in total?
|
6
|
Caption: Figure 7: Li2CO3formation and decomposition in ambient air.
Description: (a) FTIR spectra of a pristine cathode (Li salt-modified CNG) and after the first discharge, then charge in ambient air. The discharge/charge behaviour of the Li–air cell is corresponding toFig. 5. The reference spectra for Li2O2, LiOH and Li2CO3are also shown.
| 1
|
|
31
|
In the spectrum of the MoS₂/Mo₂C sample, besides the Mo4+ valence state, which new molybdenum chemical valence state characteristic peak appears?
|
Mo²⁺
|
Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
| 0
|
|
32
|
For the MoS₂/Mo₂C sample, compared to the peak corresponding to Mo⁴⁺, is the binding energy of the peak corresponding to Mo²⁺ higher or lower?
|
Lower
|
Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
| 1
|
|
33
|
Besides the Mo 3d orbitals, which element’s which orbital exhibits a signal peak at approximately 226 eV?
|
S 2s
|
Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
| 0
|
|
34
|
Compared to the two principal peaks of Mo4+, is the newly emerging Mo2+ peak shifted toward higher or lower binding energy?
|
lower
|
Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
| 1
|
|
35
|
Estimate the energy difference between the two peaks of Mo4+. Approximately how many eV is it?
|
Approximately 3 eV
|
Caption: Fig. 1
Description: Synthesis and characterization.
g. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Mo 3dof MoS2and MoS2/Mo2C. Two peaks originating from Mo2+appear in the MoS2/Mo2C samples
| 1
|
|
36
|
At what position does the Raman signal labeled “C=C” appear?
|
≈1850 cm⁻¹
|
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane Raman spectrum at 8 GPa and 300 K, shown for comparison. Panels a–c show different parts of the spectral range.
| 0
|
|
37
|
In subfigure a, how does the intensity of the “C≡C” peak in the red spectrum compare to that of the “C=C” peak?
|
Significantly stronger
|
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane Raman spectrum at 8 GPa and 300 K, shown for comparison. Panels a–c show different parts of the spectral range.
| 1
|
|
38
|
In subfigure b, how does the peak width of the red high-wavenumber band differ from that of the black spectral peak?
|
The red band is wider.
|
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane Raman spectrum at 8 GPa and 300 K, shown for comparison. Panels a–c show different parts of the spectral range.
| 1
|
|
39
|
How many subfigures does this figure contain?
|
3 (a–c)
|
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane Raman spectrum at 8 GPa and 300 K, shown for comparison. Panels a–c show different parts of the spectral range.
| 0
|
|
40
|
How many sub-peaks constitute the peak labeled “C-C bending” in the black spectrum?
|
2
|
Caption: Figure 4: Raman spectra ofn-hexane and its reaction products after LH.
Description: Red and yellow lines are Raman spectra of quenched reaction products synthesized fromn-hexane at 2,000 K and 40 GPa. Red spectrum was collected at 8 GPa after decompression from 40 GPa (yellow spectrum). Black line isn-hexane Raman spectrum at 8 GPa and 300 K, shown for comparison. Panels a–c show different parts of the spectral range.
| 1
|
|
41
|
What is the range of typical Raman shifts (cm⁻¹) observed in this Raman spectrum?
|
370-420 cm⁻¹
|
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
| 0
|
|
42
|
For the spectrum at 0°, what is the approximate Raman shift difference between the E₂g peak and the A₁g peak, in cm⁻¹?
|
approximately 22 cm⁻¹
|
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
| 1
|
|
43
|
In the spectrum recorded at which angle are the intensities of the E₂g and A₁g peaks most closely matched?
|
30°
|
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
| 1
|
|
44
|
How many distinct spectra measured at different angles are presented in the figure in total?
|
12
|
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
| 0
|
|
45
|
With increasing angle, what trend does the A₁g peak position exhibit?
|
Shift toward lower wavenumbers
|
Caption: Fig. 4: Raman characterizations of the twisted bilayer and trilayer MoS2films.
Description:
a. Raman spectra of a series of transferred bilayer MoS2films with controlled twist angle, each Raman spectrum was calibrated and normalized by the position and intensity of silicon peak at 520.7 cm−1.
| 1
|
|
46
|
What is the approximate q value of the second most intense peak, whose intensity is second only to that of the “200” peak?
|
Approximately 5.8 nm⁻¹
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
| 1
|
|
47
|
Which of the two peaks labeled “040” and “044” has the greater intensity?
|
“040”
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
| 1
|
|
48
|
What is the approximate difference in q (in nm⁻¹) between the first and second labeled diffraction peaks in the figure?
|
approximately 1.0 nm⁻¹
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
| 1
|
|
49
|
How many labels are indicated by arrows in the q = 13 nm⁻¹ to 18 nm⁻¹ region?
|
4
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
| 1
|
|
50
|
Comparing the 002 and 004 diffraction peaks, which one exhibits a narrower peak profile?
|
f
|
Caption: Fig. 3: Structural characterization of identified self-assembling pentapeptides.
Description: f. X-ray diffraction powder pattern of FFVDF nanofibrils.
| 1
|
|
51
|
What is the Raman shift of the D peak in subfigure d (cm⁻¹)?
|
approximately 1350
|
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile measured by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy for the obtained few-layer graphene ensemble.
| 0
|
|
52
|
What are the spectral characteristics in the range from 1800 cm⁻¹ to 2400 cm⁻¹?
|
flat baseline
|
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile measured by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy for the obtained few-layer graphene ensemble.
| 1
|
|
53
|
By approximately what factor is the Raman shift of the 2D peak larger than that of the D peak?
|
approximately twofold
|
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile measured by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy for the obtained few-layer graphene ensemble.
| 1
|
|
54
|
The D′ peak appears as the shoulder of which principal peak?
|
G peak
|
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile measured by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy for the obtained few-layer graphene ensemble.
| 0
|
|
55
|
Apart from the four labeled peaks, are there any additional Raman signals above 2800 cm⁻¹?
|
Yes
|
Caption: Figure 1: Characterization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene flakes.
Description:(c) Statistical measurement results of AFM thickness for randomly selected 76 flakes, where the thickness ranges from 1.5 to 4.2 nm (d) Typical Raman spectrum (excited by a 473 nm laser) and (e) C1s binding energy profile measured by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy for the obtained few-layer graphene ensemble.
| 0
|
|
56
|
What is the approximate binding energy of the characteristic peak of the O 1s orbital?
|
approximately 530 eV
|
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
| 0
|
|
57
|
Comparing the “As-prepared” and “Cl₂-treated” spectra, what change occurs in the intensity of the Cl 2p peak?
|
A distinct peak emerged.
|
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
| 1
|
|
58
|
Which elements can be identified in the “As-prepared” sample?
|
C, N, O, S
|
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
| 0
|
|
59
|
Across all spectra, how many labeled elemental peaks exhibit binding energies lower than that of the O 1s peak?
|
4 (N 1s, C 1s, Cl 2p, S 2s/2p)
|
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
| 1
|
|
60
|
Which sample’s spectrum exhibits the lowest baseline noise level?
|
H₂-treated
|
Caption: Figure 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Description: Spectra of as-prepared, Cl2-treated and H2-treated catalysts showing the surface species present on each catalyst studied.
| 1
|
|
61
|
In the range of 2θ = 3.5° to 6.5°, how many diffraction peaks are indicated by both arrows and labels?
|
6
|
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
| 1
|
|
62
|
What is the approximate difference in 2θ positions between the (21) peak and the (11) peak?
|
approximately 1°
|
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
| 1
|
|
63
|
Which crystal plane corresponds to the diffraction peak with the highest intensity?
|
-21
|
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
| 1
|
|
64
|
How many sub-figure panels are included in the entire image?
|
two
|
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
| 0
|
|
65
|
In the inset, what is the approximate θ angle corresponding to the maximum of the diffraction peak?
|
9.5°
|
Caption: Figure 4: Hexagonal superlattice.
Description:
(a) 2θ Scan of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the Colhex2structure of14/6atT=135 °C,
| 0
|
|
66
|
As the dose increases from 0 to 5×10¹³ cm⁻², what is the most common change in the peak shapes of all the diffraction peaks in the figure?
|
The peak broadens, and its intensity decreases.
|
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the dashed lines. These indicate the presence of strain and unit cell volume expansion, respectively.
| 1
|
|
67
|
In the “Unirradiated” spectrum, which of the (133) and (113) peaks has the smaller 2θ value?
|
-113
|
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the dashed lines. These indicate the presence of strain and unit cell volume expansion, respectively.
| 1
|
|
68
|
In the “Unirradiated” spectrum, how many crystallographic plane indices are labeled in the 2θ range from 16° to 18°?
|
2
|
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the dashed lines. These indicate the presence of strain and unit cell volume expansion, respectively.
| 1
|
|
69
|
What is the approximate difference in the 2θ angle between the (111) peak and the (002) peak?
|
Approximately 1.3°
|
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the dashed lines. These indicate the presence of strain and unit cell volume expansion, respectively.
| 1
|
|
70
|
For the (022) diffraction peak, which colored spectral line corresponds to the lowest peak intensity?
|
Green
|
Caption: Figure 1: Structural modification of ThO2by irradiation.
Description:
(a,b) XRD patterns of ThO2irradiated with 950 MeV197Au ions as a function of fluence,Φ. The fluorite-structure diffraction maxima exhibit both an increase in width and a shift to lower 2θvalues with increasing fluence, as illustrated by the dashed lines. These indicate the presence of strain and unit cell volume expansion, respectively.
| 1
|
|
71
|
Among the six spectra, which one exhibits the flattest peak morphology in the Amide II region?
|
Exon I (dashed blue line / number 1)
|
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
| 1
|
|
72
|
Comparing spectra 3 and 6, what letter is used to label the prominent absorption peak appearing at approximately 1665 cm⁻¹ after stretching?
|
T
|
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
| 0
|
|
73
|
What is the absorption band around 1550 cm⁻¹ in the figure identified as?
|
Amide II
|
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
| 0
|
|
74
|
Which sample corresponds to spectrum number 5?
|
Exon III drawn
|
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
| 0
|
|
75
|
How many dashed-line spectra are displayed in the figure in total?
|
3
|
(c) Selected RT-FTIR spectra in the amide I and II regions were observed for exon I (1), exon III (2), full-length resilin (3), exon I ×1.5 drawn (4), exon III ×1.5 drawn (5) and full-length resilin ×1.5 drawn (6). The scale bar is 0.5.
| 1
|
|
76
|
In the reaction curve, at approximately how many minutes does the reaction rate begin to enter the plateau phase?
|
approximately 120 minutes
|
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and after 1, 2 and 16 h of the reaction. For the last time point, a GST–CTD[8]substrate was used for better ionization properties in the ESI-MS analysis.
| 0
|
|
77
|
In the spectrum above the 2 h time point in panel c, which phosphorylation state (+nP) shows the highest signal peak abundance?
|
+5P
|
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and after 1, 2 and 16 h of the reaction. For the last time point, a GST–CTD[8]substrate was used for better ionization properties in the ESI-MS analysis.
| 1
|
|
78
|
In the spectrum below 2 h in subfigure c, what is the m/z value corresponding to the signal peak with the highest intensity?
|
1844.8
|
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and after 1, 2 and 16 h of the reaction. For the last time point, a GST–CTD[8]substrate was used for better ionization properties in the ESI-MS analysis.
| 1
|
|
79
|
As the reaction time increased from 0 to 240 minutes, how did the migration positions of the protein bands change?
|
Move upward
|
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and after 1, 2 and 16 h of the reaction. For the last time point, a GST–CTD[8]substrate was used for better ionization properties in the ESI-MS analysis.
| 1
|
|
80
|
According to all the mass spectra, what is the maximum number of phosphorylation modifications detected?
|
8
|
Caption: Figure 1: P-TEFb phosphorylates the CTD in a distributive mechanism equally to the number of hepta-repeats.
Description:
(c) ESI-MS analysis of CTD phosphorylation in a time course experiment. A CTD peptide containing eight hepta-repeats was used as P-TEFb substrate. Shown are time points at the beginning and after 1, 2 and 16 h of the reaction. For the last time point, a GST–CTD[8]substrate was used for better ionization properties in the ESI-MS analysis.
| 1
|
|
81
|
As the x value increases from 0 to 1, how does the 2θ position of the strongest diffraction peak change?
|
Slightly shift toward higher 2θ angles.
|
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
| 1
|
|
82
|
In which x-value samples can the diffraction peaks marked with an asterisk (*) be observed?
|
x = 0.4 and x = 0.6.
|
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
| 0
|
|
83
|
When comparing the spectra of the x = 0 and x = 1 samples in the 2θ range of 55°–60°, how do the shapes of the diffraction peaks differ?
|
Samples with x = 0 exhibit split peaks, whereas samples with x = 1 exhibit a single peak.
|
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
| 1
|
|
84
|
Write the complete chemical formula of the compound when x = 0.4.
|
La₀.₆Sr₀.₄CoO₃₋δ
|
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
| 0
|
|
85
|
How many sets of XRD patterns for samples with different x values are presented in the figure?
|
Six groups.
|
Caption: Figure 2: Structural characterization of La1−xSrxCoO3−δ.
Description:
(a) Powder X-ray diffraction patterns for La1−xSrxCoO3−δ(0≤x≤1). The reflection from Co3O4is marked with an asterisk.
| 0
|
|
86
|
Which spectrum is primarily composed of very broad, amorphous peaks and exhibits virtually no sharp characteristic peaks?
|
Black spectrum / (iii)
|
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
| 0
|
|
87
|
Which spectrum’s complete signal is the discontinuity symbol on the Y-axis intended to clearly display in the same figure?
|
Red spectrum / (i)
|
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
| 0
|
|
88
|
What is the approximate peak width of the 2D peak for spectra (ii)–(iii)?
|
~30~50 cm⁻¹
|
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
| 0
|
|
89
|
How many spectral curves are displayed in panel d?
|
4 lines
|
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
| 0
|
|
90
|
Which spectral line is obtained by performing a mathematical operation on the other two spectral lines?
|
Blue spectrum / (ii)–(iii)
|
Caption: Figure 1: Graphene insulates cells from the external environment.
Description:
(d) Raman spectroscopy for different areas of the sample: graphene on top of cell (i), graphene off cell (ii) and substrate not covered by graphene (iii). (ii)–(iii) denotes spectrum (ii) after subtraction of spectrum (iii).
| 1
|
|
91
|
What is the approximate chemical shift range in ppm for the region labeled “useless for differentiation”?
|
-30 to -50 ppm
|
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Chemical structures of PFCH, PFOB, and PFCE are given next to the spectra and signal assignments are indicated in bold. Right:19F mCSSI images acquired from the individual resonance frequencies indicated on the left clearly demonstrate artefact-free imaging of the respective five signals.
| 0
|
|
92
|
In the bottom-most NMR spectrum, is the signal peak indicated by the purple arrow present in the mix of PFOB and PFCE?
|
No
|
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Chemical structures of PFCH, PFOB, and PFCE are given next to the spectra and signal assignments are indicated in bold. Right:19F mCSSI images acquired from the individual resonance frequencies indicated on the left clearly demonstrate artefact-free imaging of the respective five signals.
| 0
|
|
93
|
Question: Which of the two molecules, PFOB and PFCE, contains a bromine atom?
Answer: The PFOB molecule contains a bromine atom, whereas PFCE does not.
|
PFOB
|
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Chemical structures of PFCH, PFOB, and PFCE are given next to the spectra and signal assignments are indicated in bold. Right:19F mCSSI images acquired from the individual resonance frequencies indicated on the left clearly demonstrate artefact-free imaging of the respective five signals.
| 0
|
|
94
|
How many primary components constitute this image?
|
Two panels (the spectral plot on the left and the MR image on the right)
|
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Chemical structures of PFCH, PFOB, and PFCE are given next to the spectra and signal assignments are indicated in bold. Right:19F mCSSI images acquired from the individual resonance frequencies indicated on the left clearly demonstrate artefact-free imaging of the respective five signals.
| 0
|
|
95
|
In the right-hand panel of images, what is the label of the image panel in the first column of the third row?
|
¹⁹F ν(PFCH #1)
|
Caption: Fig. 2: Multi chemical shift selective imaging for artefact-free detection of different PFCs.
Description: b. Left:19F MR spectra of pure PFCH (top), a mixture of PFOB + PFCE (middle) and a combination of all three PFCs (bottom). The arrows in the bottom spectrum indicate which signals were used for mCSSI. Chemical structures of PFCH, PFOB, and PFCE are given next to the spectra and signal assignments are indicated in bold. Right:19F mCSSI images acquired from the individual resonance frequencies indicated on the left clearly demonstrate artefact-free imaging of the respective five signals.
| 0
|
|
96
|
What is the approximate binding energy of the Pd 3d₅/₂ peak for Pd(0)?
|
approximately 335 eV
|
Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
| 0
|
|
97
|
What is the binding energy shift (ΔE) of the Cu 2p3/2 peak?
|
-0.7 eV
|
Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
| 0
|
|
98
|
What chemical valence states are Pd and Cu identified as, respectively?
|
Pd(0) and Cu(0)
|
Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
| 0
|
|
99
|
Which element’s raw spectral data exhibits the poorer signal-to-noise ratio?
|
Cu
|
Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
| 1
|
|
100
|
What is the peak at approximately 341 eV referred to as?
|
3d₃/₂
|
Caption: Fig. 3
Description: In-depth composition and structural analyses of the Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the as-synthesized dendritic Pd59Cu30Co11nanoalloys a Pd 3dregion, b Cu 2pregion.
| 0
|
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