/*
 * Created on Oct 31, 2006
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
 * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 * 
 * Copyright @2006-2013 the original author or authors.
 */
package org.fest.reflect.core;

import org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyName;
import org.fest.reflect.constructor.TargetType;
import org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName;
import org.fest.reflect.innerclass.InnerClassName;
import org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName;
import org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef;
import org.fest.reflect.type.Type;

import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;

/**
 * Starting points for the fluent interfaces in this library.
 * <p/>
 * Examples:
 * <pre>
 * // import static {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection}.*;
 *
 * // Loads the class 'org.republic.Jedi'
 * Class&lt;?&gt; jediType = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#type(String) type}("org.republic.Jedi").{@link org.fest.reflect.type.Type#load() load}();
 *
 * // Loads the class 'org.republic.Jedi' as 'org.republic.Person' (Jedi extends Person)
 * Class&lt;Person&gt; jediType = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#type(String) type}("org.republic.Jedi").{@link org.fest.reflect.type.Type#loadAs(Class) loadAs}(Person.class);
 *
 * // Loads the class 'org.republic.Jedi' using a custom class loader
 * Class&lt;?&gt; jediType = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#type(String) type}("org.republic.Jedi").{@link org.fest.reflect.type.Type#withClassLoader(ClassLoader) withClassLoader}(myClassLoader).{@link org.fest.reflect.type.TypeLoader#load() load}();
 *
 * // Gets the inner class 'Master' in the declaring class 'Jedi':
 * Class&lt;?&gt; masterClass = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#innerClass(String) innerClass}("Master").{@link org.fest.reflect.innerclass.InnerClassName#in(Class) in}(Jedi.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.innerclass.InnerClassFinder#get() get}();
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking 'new Person()'
 * Person p = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#constructor() constructor}().{@link TargetType#in in}(Person.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.constructor.ConstructorInvoker#newInstance(Object...) newInstance}();
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking 'new Person("Yoda")'
 * Person p = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#constructor() constructor}().{@link TargetType#withParameterTypes(Class...) withParameterTypes}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.constructor.ParameterTypes#in(Class) in}(Person.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.constructor.ConstructorInvoker#newInstance(Object...) newInstance}("Yoda");
 *
 * // Retrieves the value of the field "name"
 * String name = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("name").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(Class) ofType}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldType#in(Object) in}(person).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#get() get}();
 *
 * // Sets the value of the field "name" to "Yoda"
 * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("name").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(Class) ofType}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldType#in(Object) in}(person).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#set(Object) set}("Yoda");
 *
 * // Retrieves the value of the field "powers"
 * List&lt;String&gt; powers = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("powers").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(TypeRef) ofType}(new {@link TypeRef TypeRef}&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {}).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldTypeRef#in(Object) in}(jedi).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#get() get}();
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking the method 'person.setName("Luke")'
 * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("setName").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#withParameterTypes(Class...) withParameterTypes}(String.class)
 *                  .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.ParameterTypes#in(Object) in}(person)
 *                  .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}("Luke");
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking the method 'jedi.getPowers()'
 * List&lt;String&gt; powers = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("getPowers").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#withReturnType(TypeRef) withReturnType}(new {@link TypeRef TypeRef}&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {})
 *                                          .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.ReturnTypeRef#in(Object) in}(person)
 *                                          .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}();
 *
 * // Retrieves the value of the static field "count" in Person.class
 * int count = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("count").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(Class) ofType}(int.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldType#in(Object) in}(Person.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#get() get}();
 *
 * // Sets the value of the static field "count" to 3 in Person.class
 * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("count").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(Class) ofType}(int.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldType#in(Object) in}(Person.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#set(Object) set}(3);
 *
 * // Retrieves the value of the static field "commonPowers" in Jedi.class
 * List&lt;String&gt; commmonPowers = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("commonPowers").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(TypeRef) ofType}(new {@link TypeRef TypeRef}&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {}).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldTypeRef#in(Object) in}(Jedi.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#get() get}();
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking the method 'person.concentrate()'
 * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("concentrate").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#in(Object) in}(person).{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}();
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking the method 'person.getName()'
 * String name = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("getName").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#withReturnType(Class) withReturnType}(String.class)
 *                                .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.ReturnType#in(Object) in}(person)
 *                                .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}();
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking the static method 'Jedi.setCommonPower("Jump")'
 * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("setCommonPower").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#withParameterTypes(Class...) withParameterTypes}(String.class)
 *                         .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.ParameterTypes#in(Object) in}(Jedi.class)
 *                         .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}("Jump");
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking the static method 'Jedi.addPadawan()'
 * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("addPadawan").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#in(Object) in}(Jedi.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}();
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking the static method 'Jedi.commonPowerCount()'
 * String name = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("commonPowerCount").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#withReturnType(Class) withReturnType}(String.class)
 *                                         .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.ReturnType#in(Object) in}(Jedi.class)
 *                                         .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}();
 *
 * // Equivalent to invoking the static method 'Jedi.getCommonPowers()'
 * List&lt;String&gt; powers = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("getCommonPowers").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#withReturnType(TypeRef) withReturnType}(new {@link TypeRef TypeRef}&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {})
 *                                                .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.ReturnTypeRef#in(Object) in}(Jedi.class)
 *                                                .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}();
 *
 * // Retrieves the value of the property "name"
 * String name = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#property(String) property}("name").{@link PropertyName#ofType(Class) ofType}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyType#in(Object) in}(person).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyAccessor#get() get}();
 *
 * // Sets the value of the property "name" to "Yoda"
 * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#property(String) property}("name").{@link PropertyName#ofType(Class) ofType}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyType#in(Object) in}(person).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyAccessor#set(Object) set}("Yoda");
 * </pre>
 *
 * @author Alex Ruiz
 * @author Yvonne Wang
 */
public final class Reflection {
  private Reflection() {
  }

  /**
   * Starting point of the fluent interface for loading a class dynamically.
   * <p/>
   * Examples:
   * <pre>
   * // import static  {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#type(String) org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection.type};
   *
   * // Loads the class 'org.republic.Jedi'
   * Class&lt;?&gt; jediType = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#type(String) type}("org.republic.Jedi").{@link org.fest.reflect.type.Type#load() load}();
   *
   * // Loads the class 'org.republic.Jedi' as 'org.republic.Person' (Jedi extends Person)
   * Class&lt;Person&gt; jediType = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#type(String) type}("org.republic.Jedi").{@link org.fest.reflect.type.Type#loadAs(Class) loadAs}(Person.class);
   *
   * // Loads the class 'org.republic.Jedi' using a custom class loader
   * Class&lt;?&gt; jediType = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#type(String) type}("org.republic.Jedi").{@link org.fest.reflect.type.Type#withClassLoader(ClassLoader) withClassLoader}(myClassLoader).{@link org.fest.reflect.type.TypeLoader#load() load}();
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param name the name of the class to load.
   * @return the starting point of the method chain.
   * @throws NullPointerException     if the given name is {@code null}.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given name is empty.
   * @since 1.1
   */
  public static @NotNull Type type(@NotNull String name) {
    return new Type(name);
  }

  /**
   * Starting point of the fluent interface for accessing static inner class via
   * <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/reflect/index.html" target="_blank">Java Reflection</a>.
   * <p/>
   * Assuming we have the top-level class {@code Jedi} containing the static inner classes: {@code Master} and
   * {@code Padawan}:
   * <pre>
   * public class Jedi {
   *   public static class Master {}
   *
   *   public static class Padawan {}
   * }
   * </pre>
   * <p/>
   * The following example shows how to get a reference to the inner class {@code Master}:
   * <p/>
   * <pre>
   * // import static {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#innerClass(String) org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection.innerClass};
   *
   * Class&lt;?&gt; masterClass = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#innerClass(String) innerClass}("Master").{@link org.fest.reflect.innerclass.InnerClassName#in(Class) in}(Jedi.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.innerclass.InnerClassFinder#get() get}();
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param name the name of the static inner class to access.
   * @return the starting point of the method chain.
   * @throws NullPointerException     if the given name is {@code null}.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given name is empty.
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public static @NotNull InnerClassName innerClass(@NotNull String name) {
    return new InnerClassName(name);
  }

  /**
   * Starting point of the fluent interface for accessing fields via
   * <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/reflect/index.html" target="_blank">Java Reflection</a>.
   * <p/>
   * Examples:
   * <pre>
   * // import static {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection.field};
   *
   * // Retrieves the value of the field "name"
   * String name = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("name").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(Class) ofType}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldType#in(Object) in}(person).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#get() get}();
   *
   * // Sets the value of the field "name" to "Yoda"
   * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("name").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(Class) ofType}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldType#in(Object) in}(person).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#set(Object) set}("Yoda");
   *
   * // Retrieves the value of the field "powers"
   * List&lt;String&gt; powers = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("powers").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef) ofType}(new {@link org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef TypeRef}&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {}).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldTypeRef#in(Object) in}(jedi).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#get() get}();
   *
   * // Sets the value of the field "powers"
   * List&lt;String&gt; powers = new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();
   * powers.add("heal");
   * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("powers").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef) ofType}(new {@link org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef TypeRef}&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {}).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldTypeRef#in(Object) in}(jedi).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#set(Object) set}(powers);
   *
   * // Retrieves the value of the static field "count" in Person.class
   * int count = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#field(String) field}("count").{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldName#ofType(Class) ofType}(int.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldType#in(Object) in}(Person.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.field.FieldAccessor#get() get}();
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param name the name of the field to access.
   * @return the starting point of the method chain.
   * @throws NullPointerException     if the given name is {@code null}.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given name is empty.
   */
  public static @NotNull FieldName field(@NotNull String name) {
    return new FieldName(name);
  }

  /**
   * Starting point of the fluent interface for invoking methods via
   * <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/reflect/index.html" target="_blank">Java Reflection</a>.
   * <p/>
   * Examples:
   * <pre>
   * // import static {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection.method};
   *
   * // Equivalent to invoking the method 'person.setName("Luke")'
   * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("setName").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#withParameterTypes(Class...) withParameterTypes}(String.class)
   *                  .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.ParameterTypes#in(Object) in}(person)
   *                  .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}("Luke");
   *
   * // Equivalent to invoking the method 'jedi.getPowers()'
   * List&lt;String&gt; powers = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("getPowers").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#withReturnType(org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef) withReturnType}(new {@link org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef TypeRef}&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {})
   *                                          .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.ReturnTypeRef#in(Object) in}(person)
   *                                          .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}();
   *
   * // Equivalent to invoking the static method 'Jedi.setCommonPower("Jump")'
   * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("setCommonPower").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#withParameterTypes(Class...) withParameterTypes}(String.class)
   *                         .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.ParameterTypes#in(Object) in}(Jedi.class)
   *                         .{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}("Jump");
   *
   * // Equivalent to invoking the static method 'Jedi.addPadawan()'
   * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#method(String) method}("addPadawan").{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodName#in(Object) in}(Jedi.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.method.MethodInvoker#invoke(Object...) invoke}();
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param name the name of the method to invoke.
   * @return the starting point of the method chain.
   * @throws NullPointerException     if the given name is {@code null}.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given name is empty.
   */
  public static @NotNull MethodName method(@NotNull String name) {
    return new MethodName(name);
  }

  /**
   * Starting point of the fluent interface for invoking constructors via
   * <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/reflect/index.html" target="_blank">Java Reflection</a>.
   * <p/>
   * Examples:
   * <pre>
   * // import static {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#constructor() org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection.constructor};
   *
   * // Equivalent to 'Person p = new Person()'
   * Person p = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#constructor() constructor}().{@link org.fest.reflect.constructor.TargetType#in in}(Person.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.constructor.ConstructorInvoker#newInstance newInstance}();
   *
   * // Equivalent to 'Person p = new Person("Yoda")'
   * Person p = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#constructor() constructor}().{@link org.fest.reflect.constructor.TargetType#withParameterTypes(Class...) withParameterTypes}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.constructor.ParameterTypes#in(Class) in}(Person.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.constructor.ConstructorInvoker#newInstance newInstance}("Yoda");
   * </pre>
   *
   * @return the starting point of the method chain.
   */
  public static @NotNull TargetType constructor() {
    return new TargetType();
  }

  /**
   * Starting point of the fluent interface for accessing properties via
   * <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/javabeans/index.html" target="_blank">Beans Introspection</a>.
   * <p/>
   * Examples:
   * <pre>
   * // import static {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#property(String) org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection.property};
   *
   * // Equivalent to "String name = person.getName()"
   * String name = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#property(String) property}("name").{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyName#ofType(Class) ofType}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyType#in(Object) in}(person).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyAccessor#get() get}();
   *
   * // Equivalent to "person.setName("Yoda")"
   * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#property(String) property}("name").{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyName#ofType(Class) ofType}(String.class).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyType#in(Object) in}(person).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyAccessor#set(Object) set}("Yoda");
   *
   * // Equivalent to "List&lt;String&gt; powers = jedi.getPowers()"
   * List&lt;String&gt; powers = {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#property(String) property}("powers").{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyName#ofType(org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef) ofType}(new {@link org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef TypeRef}&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {}).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyTypeRef#in(Object) in}(jedi).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyAccessor#get() get}();
   *
   * // Equivalent to "jedi.setPowers(powers)"
   * List&lt;String&gt; powers = new ArrayList&lt;String&gt;();
   * powers.add("heal");
   * {@link org.fest.reflect.core.Reflection#property(String) property}("powers").{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyName#ofType(org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef) ofType}(new {@link org.fest.reflect.reference.TypeRef TypeRef}&lt;List&lt;String&gt;&gt;() {}).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyTypeRef#in(Object) in}(jedi).{@link org.fest.reflect.beanproperty.PropertyAccessor#set(Object) set}(powers);
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param name the name of the property to access.
   * @return the starting point of the method chain.
   * @throws NullPointerException     if the given name is {@code null}.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given name is empty.
   * @since 1.2
   */
  public static @NotNull PropertyName property(@NotNull String name) {
    return new PropertyName(name);
  }
}
