def test_no_read_execute_permission() -> None:
        """Test ``validate_path`` raises PermissionError for a directory without read and execute permission."""
        with TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
            Path(tmp_dir).chmod(0o222)  # Remove read and execute permission
            with pytest.raises(PermissionError, match=r"Read or execute permissions denied for the path:*"):
                validate_path(tmp_dir, base_dir=Path(tmp_dir))
Test ``validate_path`` raises PermissionError for a directory without read and execute permission.
tests/unit/data/utils/test_path.py