def load_from_tsfile_to_dataframe(full_file_path_and_name, return_separate_X_and_y=True,
                                  replace_missing_vals_with='NaN'):
    """Loads data from a .ts file into a Pandas DataFrame.
    Parameters
    ----------
    full_file_path_and_name: str
        The full pathname of the .ts file to read.
    return_separate_X_and_y: bool
        true if X and Y values should be returned as separate Data Frames (X) and a numpy array (y), false otherwise.
        This is only relevant for data that
    replace_missing_vals_with: str
       The value that missing values in the text file should be replaced with prior to parsing.
    Returns
    -------
    DataFrame, ndarray
        If return_separate_X_and_y then a tuple containing a DataFrame and a numpy array containing the relevant time-series and corresponding class values.
    DataFrame
        If not return_separate_X_and_y then a single DataFrame containing all time-series and (if relevant) a column "class_vals" the associated class values.
    """

    # Initialize flags and variables used when parsing the file
    metadata_started = False
    data_started = False

    has_problem_name_tag = False
    has_timestamps_tag = False
    has_univariate_tag = False
    has_class_labels_tag = False
    has_target_labels_tag = False
    has_data_tag = False

    previous_timestamp_was_float = None
    previous_timestamp_was_int = None
    previous_timestamp_was_timestamp = None
    num_dimensions = None
    is_first_case = True
    instance_list = []
    class_val_list = []
    line_num = 0

    # Parse the file
    # print(full_file_path_and_name)
    # with open(full_file_path_and_name, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
    with open(full_file_path_and_name, 'r', encoding='latin1') as file:
        for line in tqdm(file):
            # print(".", end='')
            # Strip white space from start/end of line and change to lowercase for use below
            line = line.strip().lower()
            # Empty lines are valid at any point in a file
            if line:
                # Check if this line contains metadata
                # Please note that even though metadata is stored in this function it is not currently published externally
                if line.startswith("@problemname"):
                    # Check that the data has not started
                    if data_started:
                        raise TsFileParseException("metadata must come before data")
                    # Check that the associated value is valid
                    tokens = line.split(' ')
                    token_len = len(tokens)

                    if token_len == 1:
                        raise TsFileParseException("problemname tag requires an associated value")

                    problem_name = line[len("@problemname") + 1:]
                    has_problem_name_tag = True
                    metadata_started = True
                elif line.startswith("@timestamps"):
                    # Check that the data has not started
                    if data_started:
                        raise TsFileParseException("metadata must come before data")

                    # Check that the associated value is valid
                    tokens = line.split(' ')
                    token_len = len(tokens)

                    if token_len != 2:
                        raise TsFileParseException("timestamps tag requires an associated Boolean value")
                    elif tokens[1] == "true":
                        timestamps = True
                    elif tokens[1] == "false":
                        timestamps = False
                    else:
                        raise TsFileParseException("invalid timestamps value")
                    has_timestamps_tag = True
                    metadata_started = True
                elif line.startswith("@univariate"):
                    # Check that the data has not started
                    if data_started:
                        raise TsFileParseException("metadata must come before data")

                    # Check that the associated value is valid
                    tokens = line.split(' ')
                    token_len = len(tokens)
                    if token_len != 2:
                        raise TsFileParseException("univariate tag requires an associated Boolean value")
                    elif tokens[1] == "true":
                        univariate = True
                    elif tokens[1] == "false":
                        univariate = False
                    else:
                        raise TsFileParseException("invalid univariate value")

                    has_univariate_tag = True
                    metadata_started = True
                elif line.startswith("@classlabel"):
                    # Check that the data has not started
                    if data_started:
                        raise TsFileParseException("metadata must come before data")

                    # Check that the associated value is valid
                    tokens = line.split(' ')
                    token_len = len(tokens)

                    if token_len == 1:
                        raise TsFileParseException("classlabel tag requires an associated Boolean value")

                    if tokens[1] == "true":
                        class_labels = True
                    elif tokens[1] == "false":
                        class_labels = False
                    else:
                        raise TsFileParseException("invalid classLabel value")

                    # Check if we have any associated class values
                    if token_len == 2 and class_labels:
                        raise TsFileParseException("if the classlabel tag is true then class values must be supplied")

                    has_class_labels_tag = True
                    class_label_list = [token.strip() for token in tokens[2:]]
                    metadata_started = True
                elif line.startswith("@targetlabel"):
                    # Check that the data has not started
                    if data_started:
                        raise TsFileParseException("metadata must come before data")

                    # Check that the associated value is valid
                    tokens = line.split(' ')
                    token_len = len(tokens)

                    if token_len == 1:
                        raise TsFileParseException("targetlabel tag requires an associated Boolean value")

                    if tokens[1] == "true":
                        target_labels = True
                    elif tokens[1] == "false":
                        target_labels = False
                    else:
                        raise TsFileParseException("invalid targetLabel value")

                    has_target_labels_tag = True
                    class_val_list = []
                    metadata_started = True
                # Check if this line contains the start of data
                elif line.startswith("@data"):
                    if line != "@data":
                        raise TsFileParseException("data tag should not have an associated value")

                    if data_started and not metadata_started:
                        raise TsFileParseException("metadata must come before data")
                    else:
                        has_data_tag = True
                        data_started = True
                # If the 'data tag has been found then metadata has been parsed and data can be loaded
                elif data_started:
                    # Check that a full set of metadata has been provided
                    incomplete_regression_meta_data = not has_problem_name_tag or not has_timestamps_tag or not has_univariate_tag or not has_target_labels_tag or not has_data_tag
                    incomplete_classification_meta_data = not has_problem_name_tag or not has_timestamps_tag or not has_univariate_tag or not has_class_labels_tag or not has_data_tag
                    if incomplete_regression_meta_data and incomplete_classification_meta_data:
                        raise TsFileParseException("a full set of metadata has not been provided before the data")

                    # Replace any missing values with the value specified
                    line = line.replace("?", replace_missing_vals_with)

                    # Check if we dealing with data that has timestamps
                    if timestamps:
                        # We're dealing with timestamps so cannot just split line on ':' as timestamps may contain one
                        has_another_value = False
                        has_another_dimension = False

                        timestamps_for_dimension = []
                        values_for_dimension = []

                        this_line_num_dimensions = 0
                        line_len = len(line)
                        char_num = 0

                        while char_num < line_len:
                            # Move through any spaces
                            while char_num < line_len and str.isspace(line[char_num]):
                                char_num += 1

                            # See if there is any more data to read in or if we should validate that read thus far

                            if char_num < line_len:

                                # See if we have an empty dimension (i.e. no values)
                                if line[char_num] == ":":
                                    if len(instance_list) < (this_line_num_dimensions + 1):
                                        instance_list.append([])

                                    instance_list[this_line_num_dimensions].append(pd.Series())
                                    this_line_num_dimensions += 1

                                    has_another_value = False
                                    has_another_dimension = True

                                    timestamps_for_dimension = []
                                    values_for_dimension = []

                                    char_num += 1
                                else:
                                    # Check if we have reached a class label
                                    if line[char_num] != "(" and target_labels:
                                        class_val = line[char_num:].strip()

                                        # if class_val not in class_val_list:
                                        #     raise TsFileParseException(
                                        #         "the class value '" + class_val + "' on line " + str(
                                        #             line_num + 1) + " is not valid")

                                        class_val_list.append(float(class_val))
                                        char_num = line_len

                                        has_another_value = False
                                        has_another_dimension = False

                                        timestamps_for_dimension = []
                                        values_for_dimension = []

                                    else:

                                        # Read in the data contained within the next tuple

                                        if line[char_num] != "(" and not target_labels:
                                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                                    line_num + 1) + " does not start with a '('")

                                        char_num += 1
                                        tuple_data = ""

                                        while char_num < line_len and line[char_num] != ")":
                                            tuple_data += line[char_num]
                                            char_num += 1

                                        if char_num >= line_len or line[char_num] != ")":
                                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                                    line_num + 1) + " does not end with a ')'")

                                        # Read in any spaces immediately after the current tuple

                                        char_num += 1

                                        while char_num < line_len and str.isspace(line[char_num]):
                                            char_num += 1

                                        # Check if there is another value or dimension to process after this tuple

                                        if char_num >= line_len:
                                            has_another_value = False
                                            has_another_dimension = False

                                        elif line[char_num] == ",":
                                            has_another_value = True
                                            has_another_dimension = False

                                        elif line[char_num] == ":":
                                            has_another_value = False
                                            has_another_dimension = True

                                        char_num += 1

                                        # Get the numeric value for the tuple by reading from the end of the tuple data backwards to the last comma

                                        last_comma_index = tuple_data.rfind(',')

                                        if last_comma_index == -1:
                                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                                    line_num + 1) + " contains a tuple that has no comma inside of it")

                                        try:
                                            value = tuple_data[last_comma_index + 1:]
                                            value = float(value)

                                        except ValueError:
                                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                                    line_num + 1) + " contains a tuple that does not have a valid numeric value")

                                        # Check the type of timestamp that we have

                                        timestamp = tuple_data[0: last_comma_index]

                                        try:
                                            timestamp = int(timestamp)
                                            timestamp_is_int = True
                                            timestamp_is_timestamp = False
                                        except ValueError:
                                            timestamp_is_int = False

                                        if not timestamp_is_int:
                                            try:
                                                timestamp = float(timestamp)
                                                timestamp_is_float = True
                                                timestamp_is_timestamp = False
                                            except ValueError:
                                                timestamp_is_float = False

                                        if not timestamp_is_int and not timestamp_is_float:
                                            try:
                                                timestamp = timestamp.strip()
                                                timestamp_is_timestamp = True
                                            except ValueError:
                                                timestamp_is_timestamp = False

                                        # Make sure that the timestamps in the file (not just this dimension or case) are consistent

                                        if not timestamp_is_timestamp and not timestamp_is_int and not timestamp_is_float:
                                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                                    line_num + 1) + " contains a tuple that has an invalid timestamp '" + timestamp + "'")

                                        if previous_timestamp_was_float is not None and previous_timestamp_was_float and not timestamp_is_float:
                                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                                    line_num + 1) + " contains tuples where the timestamp format is inconsistent")

                                        if previous_timestamp_was_int is not None and previous_timestamp_was_int and not timestamp_is_int:
                                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                                    line_num + 1) + " contains tuples where the timestamp format is inconsistent")

                                        if previous_timestamp_was_timestamp is not None and previous_timestamp_was_timestamp and not timestamp_is_timestamp:
                                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                                    line_num + 1) + " contains tuples where the timestamp format is inconsistent")

                                        # Store the values

                                        timestamps_for_dimension += [timestamp]
                                        values_for_dimension += [value]

                                        #  If this was our first tuple then we store the type of timestamp we had

                                        if previous_timestamp_was_timestamp is None and timestamp_is_timestamp:
                                            previous_timestamp_was_timestamp = True
                                            previous_timestamp_was_int = False
                                            previous_timestamp_was_float = False

                                        if previous_timestamp_was_int is None and timestamp_is_int:
                                            previous_timestamp_was_timestamp = False
                                            previous_timestamp_was_int = True
                                            previous_timestamp_was_float = False

                                        if previous_timestamp_was_float is None and timestamp_is_float:
                                            previous_timestamp_was_timestamp = False
                                            previous_timestamp_was_int = False
                                            previous_timestamp_was_float = True

                                        # See if we should add the data for this dimension

                                        if not has_another_value:
                                            if len(instance_list) < (this_line_num_dimensions + 1):
                                                instance_list.append([])

                                            if timestamp_is_timestamp:
                                                timestamps_for_dimension = pd.DatetimeIndex(timestamps_for_dimension)

                                            instance_list[this_line_num_dimensions].append(
                                                pd.Series(index=timestamps_for_dimension, data=values_for_dimension))
                                            this_line_num_dimensions += 1

                                            timestamps_for_dimension = []
                                            values_for_dimension = []

                            elif has_another_value:
                                raise TsFileParseException(
                                    "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                        line_num + 1) + " ends with a ',' that is not followed by another tuple")

                            elif has_another_dimension and target_labels:
                                raise TsFileParseException(
                                    "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                        line_num + 1) + " ends with a ':' while it should list a class value")

                            elif has_another_dimension and not target_labels:
                                if len(instance_list) < (this_line_num_dimensions + 1):
                                    instance_list.append([])

                                instance_list[this_line_num_dimensions].append(pd.Series(dtype=np.float32))
                                this_line_num_dimensions += 1
                                num_dimensions = this_line_num_dimensions

                            # If this is the 1st line of data we have seen then note the dimensions

                            if not has_another_value and not has_another_dimension:
                                if num_dimensions is None:
                                    num_dimensions = this_line_num_dimensions

                                if num_dimensions != this_line_num_dimensions:
                                    raise TsFileParseException("line " + str(
                                        line_num + 1) + " does not have the same number of dimensions as the previous line of data")

                        # Check that we are not expecting some more data, and if not, store that processed above

                        if has_another_value:
                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                    line_num + 1) + " ends with a ',' that is not followed by another tuple")

                        elif has_another_dimension and target_labels:
                            raise TsFileParseException(
                                "dimension " + str(this_line_num_dimensions + 1) + " on line " + str(
                                    line_num + 1) + " ends with a ':' while it should list a class value")

                        elif has_another_dimension and not target_labels:
                            if len(instance_list) < (this_line_num_dimensions + 1):
                                instance_list.append([])

                            instance_list[this_line_num_dimensions].append(pd.Series())
                            this_line_num_dimensions += 1
                            num_dimensions = this_line_num_dimensions

                        # If this is the 1st line of data we have seen then note the dimensions

                        if not has_another_value and num_dimensions != this_line_num_dimensions:
                            raise TsFileParseException("line " + str(
                                line_num + 1) + " does not have the same number of dimensions as the previous line of data")

                        # Check if we should have class values, and if so that they are contained in those listed in the metadata

                        if target_labels and len(class_val_list) == 0:
                            raise TsFileParseException("the cases have no associated class values")
                    else:
                        dimensions = line.split(":")
                        # If first row then note the number of dimensions (that must be the same for all cases)
                        if is_first_case:
                            num_dimensions = len(dimensions)

                            if target_labels:
                                num_dimensions -= 1

                            for dim in range(0, num_dimensions):
                                instance_list.append([])
                            is_first_case = False

                        # See how many dimensions that the case whose data in represented in this line has
                        this_line_num_dimensions = len(dimensions)

                        if target_labels:
                            this_line_num_dimensions -= 1

                        # All dimensions should be included for all series, even if they are empty
                        if this_line_num_dimensions != num_dimensions:
                            raise TsFileParseException("inconsistent number of dimensions. Expecting " + str(
                                num_dimensions) + " but have read " + str(this_line_num_dimensions))

                        # Process the data for each dimension
                        for dim in range(0, num_dimensions):
                            dimension = dimensions[dim].strip()

                            if dimension:
                                data_series = dimension.split(",")
                                data_series = [float(i) for i in data_series]
                                instance_list[dim].append(pd.Series(data_series))
                            else:
                                instance_list[dim].append(pd.Series())

                        if target_labels:
                            class_val_list.append(float(dimensions[num_dimensions].strip()))

            line_num += 1

    # Check that the file was not empty
    if line_num:
        # Check that the file contained both metadata and data
        complete_regression_meta_data = has_problem_name_tag and has_timestamps_tag and has_univariate_tag and has_target_labels_tag and has_data_tag
        complete_classification_meta_data = has_problem_name_tag and has_timestamps_tag and has_univariate_tag and has_class_labels_tag and has_data_tag

        if metadata_started and not complete_regression_meta_data and not complete_classification_meta_data:
            raise TsFileParseException("metadata incomplete")
        elif metadata_started and not data_started:
            raise TsFileParseException("file contained metadata but no data")
        elif metadata_started and data_started and len(instance_list) == 0:
            raise TsFileParseException("file contained metadata but no data")

        # Create a DataFrame from the data parsed above
        data = pd.DataFrame(dtype=np.float32)

        for dim in range(0, num_dimensions):
            data['dim_' + str(dim)] = instance_list[dim]

        # Check if we should return any associated class labels separately

        if target_labels:
            if return_separate_X_and_y:
                return data, np.asarray(class_val_list)
            else:
                data['class_vals'] = pd.Series(class_val_list)
                return data
        else:
            return data
    else:
        raise TsFileParseException("empty file")
Loads data from a .ts file into a Pandas DataFrame.
    Parameters
    ----------
    full_file_path_and_name: str
        The full pathname of the .ts file to read.
    return_separate_X_and_y: bool
        true if X and Y values should be returned as separate Data Frames (X) and a numpy array (y), false otherwise.
        This is only relevant for data that
    replace_missing_vals_with: str
       The value that missing values in the text file should be replaced with prior to parsing.
    Returns
    -------
    DataFrame, ndarray
        If return_separate_X_and_y then a tuple containing a DataFrame and a numpy array containing the relevant time-series and corresponding class values.
    DataFrame
        If not return_separate_X_and_y then a single DataFrame containing all time-series and (if relevant) a column "class_vals" the associated class values.
    
analyze/convnexts4nd/src/dataloaders/prepare/bidmc/data_loader.py