def enforce_types(**types):
    """Decorator that enforces given argument types at runtime.

    Throws a TypeError if an invalid type is passed.

    If argument type is a subclass of np.generic (e.g. np.integer or np.floating),
    allow all sub-dtypes (np.integer allows int, np.uint64, np.int16, ...).

    Example:

        >>> @enforce_types(
        ...     foo=(np.integer, type(None)),
        ...     bar=str
        ... )
        ... def func(x, foo, bar):
        ...     print(bar)

        >>> func(1, 2, 'hi there!')
        hi there!

        >>> func(1, 2, 3)
        TypeError: func got unexpected type for argument "bar" (expected: str, got:
        <class 'int'>)

    """

    def decorator(function):
        func_name = function.__name__
        func_sig = inspect.signature(function)

        for t in types:
            # make sure given types are actually parameters of decorated function
            if t not in func_sig.parameters:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"enforce_types decorator for {func_name} "
                    f'got unexpected argument "{t}"'
                )

            # make sure types are iterable
            if not isinstance(types[t], (tuple, list)):
                types[t] = (types[t],)

        @functools.wraps(function)
        def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
            # parse passed args
            bound_args = func_sig.bind(*args, **kwargs)
            bound_args.apply_defaults()

            # check arguments one by one
            for arg, val in bound_args.arguments.items():
                if arg not in types:
                    continue

                arg_types = types[arg]

                # check types one by one
                check_passed = False
                for t in arg_types:
                    if issubclass(t, _np.generic):
                        check_passed |= _np.issubdtype(type(val), t)
                    else:
                        check_passed |= isinstance(val, t)

                if not check_passed:
                    readable_arg_types = [t.__qualname__ for t in arg_types]
                    if len(readable_arg_types) == 1:
                        readable_arg_types = readable_arg_types[0]

                    extra_message = ""
                    if isinstance(val, Tracer):
                        extra_message = (
                            "\n\nAn abstract tracer was passed where a concrete value "
                            "is expected. Try using the static_argnums argument "
                            "of jax.jit."
                        )

                    raise TypeError(
                        f'{func_name} got unexpected type for argument "{arg}" '
                        f"(expected: {readable_arg_types}, got: {type(val)})."
                        f"{extra_message}"
                    )

            return function(*args, **kwargs)

        return wrapped

    return decorator
Decorator that enforces given argument types at runtime.

    Throws a TypeError if an invalid type is passed.

    If argument type is a subclass of np.generic (e.g. np.integer or np.floating),
    allow all sub-dtypes (np.integer allows int, np.uint64, np.int16, ...).

    Example:

        >>> @enforce_types(
        ...     foo=(np.integer, type(None)),
        ...     bar=str
        ... )
        ... def func(x, foo, bar):
        ...     print(bar)

        >>> func(1, 2, 'hi there!')
        hi there!

        >>> func(1, 2, 3)
        TypeError: func got unexpected type for argument "bar" (expected: str, got:
        <class 'int'>)

    
mpi4jax/_src/validation.py