def parallelize(model: Transformer, device_mesh: DeviceMesh) -> Transformer:
    """Apply parallelisms and activation checkpointing to the model.

    NOTE: The passed-in model preferably should be on meta device. Otherwise,
    the model must fit on GPU or CPU memory.

    """

    dp_mesh = device_mesh["data_parallel"]
    tp_mesh = device_mesh["tensor_parallel"]

    if tp_mesh.size() > 1:
        # 1. Parallelize the first embedding and the last linear proj layer
        # 2. Parallelize the root norm layer over the sequence dim
        # 3. Shard the first transformer block's inputs

        # Parallelize the first embedding and the last linear out projection
        plan = {
            "tok_embeddings": RowwiseParallel(input_layouts=Replicate()),
            "output": ColwiseParallel(
                input_layouts=Shard(1),
                # Optional: Shard the output along the class dimension to compute the loss in parallel.
                # See `loss_parallel` in `train.py`
                output_layouts=Shard(-1),
                use_local_output=False,
            ),
            "norm": SequenceParallel(),
            "layers.0": PrepareModuleInput(
                input_layouts=(Replicate(), None),
                desired_input_layouts=(Shard(1), None),
                use_local_output=True,
            ),
        }
        model = parallelize_module(model, tp_mesh, plan)

        # Parallelize each transformer block
        for transformer_block in model.layers.values():
            plan = {
                "attention": PrepareModuleInput(
                    input_layouts=(Shard(1), None),
                    desired_input_layouts=(Replicate(), None),
                ),
                "attention.wq": ColwiseParallel(),
                "attention.wk": ColwiseParallel(),
                "attention.wv": ColwiseParallel(),
                "attention.wo": RowwiseParallel(output_layouts=Shard(1)),
                "attention_norm": SequenceParallel(),
                "feed_forward": PrepareModuleInput(
                    input_layouts=(Shard(1),),
                    desired_input_layouts=(Replicate(),),
                ),
                "feed_forward.w1": ColwiseParallel(),
                "feed_forward.w2": RowwiseParallel(output_layouts=Shard(1)),
                "feed_forward.w3": ColwiseParallel(),
                "ffn_norm": SequenceParallel(),
            }

            # Adjust attention module to use the local number of heads
            attn_layer = transformer_block.attention
            attn_layer.n_heads = attn_layer.n_heads // tp_mesh.size()
            attn_layer.n_kv_heads = attn_layer.n_kv_heads // tp_mesh.size()

            # Apply the plan for the current transformer block
            parallelize_module(transformer_block, tp_mesh, plan)

    if dp_mesh.size() > 1:
        assert dp_mesh.ndim == 1  # Hybrid-sharding not supported

        # NOTE: Currently, the user is required to manually handle precision settings such as the `mp_policy` here
        # because the model parallel strategy does not respect all settings of `Fabric(precision=...)` at the moment.
        mp_policy = MixedPrecisionPolicy(param_dtype=torch.bfloat16, reduce_dtype=torch.float32)

        fsdp_config = {"mesh": dp_mesh, "mp_policy": mp_policy}
        for layer_id, transformer_block in model.layers.items():
            # Apply activation checkpointing
            transformer_block = checkpoint_wrapper(transformer_block)
            # As an optimization, do not reshard after forward for the last
            # transformer block since FSDP would prefetch it immediately
            reshard_after_forward = int(layer_id) < len(model.layers) - 1
            fully_shard(
                transformer_block,
                **fsdp_config,
                reshard_after_forward=reshard_after_forward,
            )
            model.layers[layer_id] = transformer_block
        model = fully_shard(model, **fsdp_config)

    return model
Apply parallelisms and activation checkpointing to the model.

    NOTE: The passed-in model preferably should be on meta device. Otherwise,
    the model must fit on GPU or CPU memory.

    
examples/fabric/tensor_parallel/parallelism.py