def render(
    markup: str,
    style: Union[str, Style] = "",
    emoji: bool = True,
    emoji_variant: Optional[EmojiVariant] = None,
) -> Text:
    """Render console markup in to a Text instance.

    Args:
        markup (str): A string containing console markup.
        style: (Union[str, Style]): The style to use.
        emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
        emoji_variant (str, optional): Optional emoji variant, either "text" or "emoji". Defaults to None.


    Raises:
        MarkupError: If there is a syntax error in the markup.

    Returns:
        Text: A test instance.
    """
    emoji_replace = _emoji_replace
    if "[" not in markup:
        return Text(
            emoji_replace(markup, default_variant=emoji_variant) if emoji else markup,
            style=style,
        )
    text = Text(style=style)
    append = text.append
    normalize = Style.normalize

    style_stack: List[Tuple[int, Tag]] = []
    pop = style_stack.pop

    spans: List[Span] = []
    append_span = spans.append

    _Span = Span
    _Tag = Tag

    def pop_style(style_name: str) -> Tuple[int, Tag]:
        """Pop tag matching given style name."""
        for index, (_, tag) in enumerate(reversed(style_stack), 1):
            if tag.name == style_name:
                return pop(-index)
        raise KeyError(style_name)

    for position, plain_text, tag in _parse(markup):
        if plain_text is not None:
            # Handle open brace escapes, where the brace is not part of a tag.
            plain_text = plain_text.replace("\\[", "[")
            append(emoji_replace(plain_text) if emoji else plain_text)
        elif tag is not None:
            if tag.name.startswith("/"):  # Closing tag
                style_name = tag.name[1:].strip()

                if style_name:  # explicit close
                    style_name = normalize(style_name)
                    try:
                        start, open_tag = pop_style(style_name)
                    except KeyError:
                        raise MarkupError(
                            f"closing tag '{tag.markup}' at position {position} doesn't match any open tag"
                        ) from None
                else:  # implicit close
                    try:
                        start, open_tag = pop()
                    except IndexError:
                        raise MarkupError(
                            f"closing tag '[/]' at position {position} has nothing to close"
                        ) from None

                if open_tag.name.startswith("@"):
                    if open_tag.parameters:
                        handler_name = ""
                        parameters = open_tag.parameters.strip()
                        handler_match = RE_HANDLER.match(parameters)
                        if handler_match is not None:
                            handler_name, match_parameters = handler_match.groups()
                            parameters = (
                                "()" if match_parameters is None else match_parameters
                            )

                        try:
                            meta_params = literal_eval(parameters)
                        except SyntaxError as error:
                            raise MarkupError(
                                f"error parsing {parameters!r} in {open_tag.parameters!r}; {error.msg}"
                            )
                        except Exception as error:
                            raise MarkupError(
                                f"error parsing {open_tag.parameters!r}; {error}"
                            ) from None

                        if handler_name:
                            meta_params = (
                                handler_name,
                                meta_params
                                if isinstance(meta_params, tuple)
                                else (meta_params,),
                            )

                    else:
                        meta_params = ()

                    append_span(
                        _Span(
                            start, len(text), Style(meta={open_tag.name: meta_params})
                        )
                    )
                else:
                    append_span(_Span(start, len(text), str(open_tag)))

            else:  # Opening tag
                normalized_tag = _Tag(normalize(tag.name), tag.parameters)
                style_stack.append((len(text), normalized_tag))

    text_length = len(text)
    while style_stack:
        start, tag = style_stack.pop()
        style = str(tag)
        if style:
            append_span(_Span(start, text_length, style))

    text.spans = sorted(spans[::-1], key=attrgetter("start"))
    return text
Render console markup in to a Text instance.

    Args:
        markup (str): A string containing console markup.
        style: (Union[str, Style]): The style to use.
        emoji (bool, optional): Also render emoji code. Defaults to True.
        emoji_variant (str, optional): Optional emoji variant, either "text" or "emoji". Defaults to None.


    Raises:
        MarkupError: If there is a syntax error in the markup.

    Returns:
        Text: A test instance.
    
rich/markup.py