def trigger_actions(self, action, subsystem):
        """
        Refresh all modules which subscribed to the given subsystem.
        """
        resolution = datetime.now().strftime("%S")[0]
        for py3_module, trigger_action in self.udev_consumers[subsystem]:
            if trigger_action in ON_TRIGGER_ACTIONS:
                event_key = f"{subsystem}.{action}"
                occurences = self.throttle[event_key][resolution]
                # we allow at most 5 events per 10 seconds window
                if occurences >= 5:
                    self.py3_wrapper.log(
                        f"udev event {event_key}: throttled after {occurences} occurences",
                        level="warning",
                    )
                    continue
                self.py3_wrapper.log(
                    f"{event_key} udev event: refresh consumer {py3_module.module_full_name}"
                )
                sleep(0.1)
                py3_module.force_update()
                self.throttle[event_key].clear()
                self.throttle[event_key][resolution] = occurences + 1

        Refresh all modules which subscribed to the given subsystem.
        
py3status/udev_monitor.py