def __call__(self, args_and_kwargs: ArgsAndKwargs) -> Any:
    """Calls the intercepted method with the given arguments and kwargs.

    Arguments:
      args_and_kwargs: The positional and keyword arguments passed to the Flax
        method.

    Returns:
      Whatever the output of the Flax method is.
    """
    scope_data = self.scope_data
    if scope_data is None:
      scope_data = InterceptedFlaxScopeData({}, {}, {}, {})
    if "params" in scope_data.variables:
      raise ValueError(
          "The 'params' variable collection should be part of `parameters` not"
          " `variables`"
      )

    # Set up the concrete values for the parameters that this module needs, by
    # retrieving them from their Penzai wrappers.
    flax_variables = {
        "params": {k: v.value for k, v in scope_data.parameters.items()},
        **{
            col: {k: v.get() for k, v in col_vars.items()}
            for col, col_vars in scope_data.variables.items()
        },
        **scope_data.immutable_variables,
    }
    flax_rngs = {k: v.next_key() for k, v in scope_data.rngs.items()}

    # Set up a Flax interceptor. This interceptor will detect all calls to
    # child modules, and redirect them to instead run the logic in
    # `submodule_calls`.
    the_bound_module = None
    intercept_counter = 0

    def redirecting_interceptor(next_fun, args, kwargs, context):
      nonlocal the_bound_module, intercept_counter
      if the_bound_module is None:
        # We are intercepting our own `apply`. Set things up and let it run.
        if context.method_name == "setup":
          # Allow setup method if called during our own apply.
          return next_fun(*args, **kwargs)
        assert context.module.name == self.module.name
        assert type(context.module) is type(self.module)  # pylint: disable=unidiomatic-typecheck
        assert context.method_name == self.method_name
        the_bound_module = context.module
        return next_fun(*args, **kwargs)
      elif context.module.parent is the_bound_module:
        # We are intercepting a submodule call within our `apply`. Redirect it.
        if context.method_name == "setup":
          # Simply ignore setup method called on a submodule. We're going to
          # intercept the regular call anyway, so there's nothing to set up.
          # (If we tried to run setup, we'd run into an error, since our
          # intercepted module wrappers don't store the parameters that belong
          # to the submodules.)
          return None
        submodule_call_name = (
            intercept_counter,
            f"{context.module.name}.{context.method_name}",
        )
        intercept_counter += 1
        subcall = self.submodule_calls[submodule_call_name]
        return subcall(ArgsAndKwargs(args=args, kwargs=kwargs))
      else:
        # Something else. Perhaps this is an interceptor that was set up by
        # some outer InterceptedFlaxModuleMethod layer. Just let it run.
        return next_fun(*args, **kwargs)

    # Run the Flax method, but immediately intercept all submodule calls and
    # redirect them to our own Penzai sublayers.
    with flax.linen.intercept_methods(redirecting_interceptor):
      output, new_variables = self.module.apply(
          flax_variables,
          *args_and_kwargs.args,
          rngs=flax_rngs,
          method=self.method_name,
          mutable=list(scope_data.variables.keys()),
          **args_and_kwargs.kwargs,
      )

    # Update our states.
    for col, new_col_vars in new_variables.items():
      for k, v in new_col_vars.items():
        scope_data.variables[col][k].set(v)
    return output
Calls the intercepted method with the given arguments and kwargs.

    Arguments:
      args_and_kwargs: The positional and keyword arguments passed to the Flax
        method.

    Returns:
      Whatever the output of the Flax method is.
    
penzai/deprecated/v1/toolshed/unflaxify.py