def create_variables(
        self, variables: Mapping[Any, Variable] | None = None
    ) -> IndexVars:
        """Maybe create new coordinate variables from this index.

        This method is useful if the index data can be reused as coordinate
        variable data. It is often the case when the underlying index structure
        has an array-like interface, like :py:class:`pandas.Index` objects.

        The variables given as argument (if any) are either returned as-is
        (default behavior) or can be used to copy their metadata (attributes and
        encoding) into the new returned coordinate variables.

        Note: the input variables may or may not have been filtered for this
        index.

        Parameters
        ----------
        variables : dict-like, optional
            Mapping of :py:class:`Variable` objects.

        Returns
        -------
        index_variables : dict-like
            Dictionary of :py:class:`Variable` or :py:class:`IndexVariable`
            objects.
        """
        if variables is not None:
            # pass through
            return dict(**variables)
        else:
            return {}
Maybe create new coordinate variables from this index.

        This method is useful if the index data can be reused as coordinate
        variable data. It is often the case when the underlying index structure
        has an array-like interface, like :py:class:`pandas.Index` objects.

        The variables given as argument (if any) are either returned as-is
        (default behavior) or can be used to copy their metadata (attributes and
        encoding) into the new returned coordinate variables.

        Note: the input variables may or may not have been filtered for this
        index.

        Parameters
        ----------
        variables : dict-like, optional
            Mapping of :py:class:`Variable` objects.

        Returns
        -------
        index_variables : dict-like
            Dictionary of :py:class:`Variable` or :py:class:`IndexVariable`
            objects.
        
xarray/core/indexes.py