def load_checkpoint_to_cpu(path, arg_overrides=None, load_on_all_ranks=False):
    """Loads a checkpoint to CPU (with upgrading for backward compatibility).

    If doing single-GPU training or if the checkpoint is only being loaded by at
    most one process on each node (current default behavior is for only rank 0
    to read the checkpoint from disk), load_on_all_ranks should be False to
    avoid errors from torch.distributed not having been initialized or
    torch.distributed.barrier() hanging.

    If all processes on each node may be loading the checkpoint
    simultaneously, load_on_all_ranks should be set to True to avoid I/O
    conflicts.

    There's currently no support for > 1 but < all processes loading the
    checkpoint on each node.
    """
    local_path = PathManager.get_local_path(path)
    # The locally cached file returned by get_local_path() may be stale for
    # remote files that are periodically updated/overwritten (ex:
    # checkpoint_last.pt) - so we remove the local copy, sync across processes
    # (if needed), and then download a fresh copy.
    if local_path != path and PathManager.path_requires_pathmanager(path):
        try:
            os.remove(local_path)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            # With potentially multiple processes removing the same file, the
            # file being missing is benign (missing_ok isn't available until
            # Python 3.8).
            pass
        if load_on_all_ranks:
            torch.distributed.barrier()
        local_path = PathManager.get_local_path(path)

    with open(local_path, "rb") as f:
        state = torch.load(f, map_location=torch.device("cpu"))

    if "args" in state and state["args"] is not None and arg_overrides is not None:
        args = state["args"]
        for arg_name, arg_val in arg_overrides.items():
            setattr(args, arg_name, arg_val)

    if "cfg" in state and state["cfg"] is not None:

        # hack to be able to set Namespace in dict config. this should be removed when we update to newer
        # omegaconf version that supports object flags, or when we migrate all existing models
        from omegaconf import _utils

        old_primitive = _utils.is_primitive_type
        _utils.is_primitive_type = lambda _: True

        state["cfg"] = OmegaConf.create(state["cfg"])

        _utils.is_primitive_type = old_primitive
        OmegaConf.set_struct(state["cfg"], True)

        if arg_overrides is not None:
            overwrite_args_by_name(state["cfg"], arg_overrides)

    state = _upgrade_state_dict(state)
    return state
Loads a checkpoint to CPU (with upgrading for backward compatibility).

    If doing single-GPU training or if the checkpoint is only being loaded by at
    most one process on each node (current default behavior is for only rank 0
    to read the checkpoint from disk), load_on_all_ranks should be False to
    avoid errors from torch.distributed not having been initialized or
    torch.distributed.barrier() hanging.

    If all processes on each node may be loading the checkpoint
    simultaneously, load_on_all_ranks should be set to True to avoid I/O
    conflicts.

    There's currently no support for > 1 but < all processes loading the
    checkpoint on each node.
    
understand_icl/fairseq/fairseq/checkpoint_utils.py