def backtranslate_samples(samples, collate_fn, generate_fn, cuda=True):
    """Backtranslate a list of samples.

    Given an input (*samples*) of the form:

        [{'id': 1, 'source': 'hallo welt'}]

    this will return:

        [{'id': 1, 'source': 'hello world', 'target': 'hallo welt'}]

    Args:
        samples (List[dict]): samples to backtranslate. Individual samples are
            expected to have a 'source' key, which will become the 'target'
            after backtranslation.
        collate_fn (callable): function to collate samples into a mini-batch
        generate_fn (callable): function to generate backtranslations
        cuda (bool): use GPU for generation (default: ``True``)

    Returns:
        List[dict]: an updated list of samples with a backtranslated source
    """
    collated_samples = collate_fn(samples)
    s = utils.move_to_cuda(collated_samples) if cuda else collated_samples
    generated_sources = generate_fn(s)

    id_to_src = {sample["id"]: sample["source"] for sample in samples}

    # Go through each tgt sentence in batch and its corresponding best
    # generated hypothesis and create a backtranslation data pair
    # {id: id, source: generated backtranslation, target: original tgt}
    return [
        {
            "id": id.item(),
            "target": id_to_src[id.item()],
            "source": hypos[0]["tokens"].cpu(),
        }
        for id, hypos in zip(collated_samples["id"], generated_sources)
    ]
Backtranslate a list of samples.

    Given an input (*samples*) of the form:

        [{'id': 1, 'source': 'hallo welt'}]

    this will return:

        [{'id': 1, 'source': 'hello world', 'target': 'hallo welt'}]

    Args:
        samples (List[dict]): samples to backtranslate. Individual samples are
            expected to have a 'source' key, which will become the 'target'
            after backtranslation.
        collate_fn (callable): function to collate samples into a mini-batch
        generate_fn (callable): function to generate backtranslations
        cuda (bool): use GPU for generation (default: ``True``)

    Returns:
        List[dict]: an updated list of samples with a backtranslated source
    
understand_icl/fairseq/fairseq/data/backtranslation_dataset.py