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Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1193_7908d2a4
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
pleural effusion appearance and characteristics of, 31f atelectasis accompanied by, 192f atelectasis caused by, 197 chronic or recurrent, 54-56 conditions associated with, 44b-45b diagnoses associated with, 58 diagnosis of, 33f, 46, 58 drug reaction role in, 228 fine reticular pattern in, 282b hilar adenopathy and, 154-155, 156f-157f infected (see empyema) in lymphangiomyomatosis, 293f in lymphangitic tumor spread, 286-288 mediastinum shift in, 84-85, 87 organization of, 62b, 63-64 pleural thickening distinguished from, 70 in pneumonia (lobar), 207-208 subphrenic abscess accompanied by, 74 pleural fistulas, 44b-45b pleural fluid diagnosis of, 74f loculated, pleural tumor, distinguishing from, 29-31 thickening compared to, 63 pleural fluid collection, 18f pleural lesions, solitary pulmonary nodules mimicked by, 311b pleural mass causes of, 32 differential diagnosis of, 29f
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1194_ddb09b34
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
INDEX    449 solitary pulmonary nodule or mass mimicked by, 311b-312b pleural masses, multiple, left pleural effusion accompanying, 50, 51f pleural metastasis, differential, 35 pleural metastasis, solitary appearance and characteristics of, 27f differential diagnosis of, 32 pleural nodules, 32 pleural opacities conditions resembling, 39 diagnoses associated with, 30f, 38 multiple, 26b, 32-37, 39 solitary, 24f, 25b, 26-32, 27f, 39 pleural pseudotumors, 48f pleural space abnormalities, mediastinum shift and, 79b, 84-86 pleural thickening in arthritis of the shoulder, 286f chest trauma followed by, 130 conditions associated with, 62b, 70 diagnoses associated with, 69 evaluation of, 63 pleural effusion distinguished from, 70 pleural tumors appearance and characteristics of, 24f differential diagnosis of, 31 localized fibrous, 31-32, 39 pleural fluid, loculated, distinguishing from, 29-31 pulmonary opacities continuous with, 36f pleuritis, 45b pneumatocele
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1195_861a6374
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
pulmonary opacities continuous with, 36f pleuritis, 45b pneumatocele appearance and characteristics of, 381f, 408 cavitation in, 380 infectious, 387 multiple lucent lesions, 392b multiple lucent lesions in, 403-404 pulmonary lucent lesions in, 394b solitary lucent defect, 369b-370b term, 370 traumatic, 380, 387 pneumococcal pneumonia appearance and characteristics of, 208f-209f radiologic patterns of, 207-208 treatment of, 212 pneumoconiosis cavitation in, 379-380 conditions caused by, 128 honeycomb lung in, 297b nodular lung scarring in, 344 pneumoconstriction, 200-201 Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) AIDS-related, 235, 236f-237f, 262, 407f appearance and characteristics of, 236f-237f cavitation in, 405-406 fine reticular pattern in, 285, 294 in immunologically compromised patients, 276-277 Kaposi’s sarcoma compared to, 263 lung cysts related to, 394b Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) compared to, 263 pulmonary lucent lesions in, 394b
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1196_cbf21b66
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) compared to, 263 pulmonary lucent lesions in, 394b tuberculosis, differentiation of, 119 pneumocystis pneumonia, 236f pneumonia. See also pneumonia type, e.g.: lobar pneumonia appearance and characteristics of, 53f, 55f, 64f, 218f atelectasis and, 198f bacterial classification of, 207 bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma compared to, 239f causes of, 54, 218 diagnosis of, 218 diffuse coalescent opacities in, 242 evidence for, 215-216 history of previous, 63-64 loculated fluid collections surrounded by, 63 lung torsion as complication of, 217 parapneumoic effusions and empyema in response to, 54 pleural effusion, 45b, 54 signs and symptoms of, 232-233 tumors, distinguishing from, 333 pneumonitis, 202 pneumopericardium, traumatic, 232f pneumothorax. See also tension pneumothorax appearance and characteristics of, 231f atelectasis caused by, 197 bronchopleural fistula in, 34f bullae, distinguishing from, 349f, 356 diagnosis of, 197-198, 198f
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1197_c8b28ee9
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
bronchopleural fistula in, 34f bullae, distinguishing from, 349f, 356 diagnosis of, 197-198, 198f history of previous, 66 honeycomb lung compared to, 300f Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis accompanied by, 305 lung collapse in, 198f in lymphangiomyomatosis, 293f multiple pulmonary nodules in, 337-339, 339f pleural effusion, 50, 51f, 56 pleural thickening, 65f reexpansion pulmonary edema as complication of, 230 treatment, reexpansion following noncardiac pulmonary edema and, 223b pneunias, 54 polymyositis fine reticular opacities in, 285-286 lung involvement in, 302 posterior mediastinal mass diagnoses associated with, 175 differential diagnosis of, 166, 179 masses resembling, 176f types and conditions associated with, 162b post-lung transplant, 297b postmyocardial infarction, risk factors for, 52-53 postmyocardial infarction syndrome (Dressler’s). See Dressler’s syndrome postoperative pleural effusion, 45b postpericardiotomy syndrome, pleural effusion secondary to, 44b-45b, 50-52
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1198_2d16ad07
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
postpericardiotomy syndrome, pleural effusion secondary to, 44b-45b, 50-52 postprimary tuberculosis, 405 pleural mass (Continued) Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) (Continued)
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1199_6489785c
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
450    INDEX posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, solitary pulmonary nodule or mass mimicked by, 311b-312b posttraumatic multiple nodules, 336b Pott’s deformity of the spine, 167 primary bronchogenic carcinoma, 329 primary bronchogenic tumor, 125 primary carcinoma fine reticular pattern, 282b middle mediastinal mass development in, 125 primary lung carcinoma border characteristics of, 323-325, 325f classification and frequency of, 313b nodal metastases, detecting from, 124-125 primary lung neoplasms, 393b primary lung tumor border characteristics of, 325 lymphangitic spread, unilateral of, 286-288 metastasis, distinguishing from, 378 suspecting, grounds for, 125 primary pulmonary arterial hypertension. See idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension primary tumors chest wall, metastasis to, 9-10, 13f, 21 lung, metastasis to, 344 mediastinal nodes, metastasis to, 152-153 middle mediastinal mass and, 122b-123b, 124, 131-132 opportunistic infections accompanying, 273
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1200_c6696306
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
middle mediastinal mass and, 122b-123b, 124, 131-132 opportunistic infections accompanying, 273 pleural effusion, 56 tumor node metastasis definitions of, 314b progressive massive fibrosis (term), 262, 262f progressive systemic sclerosis. See scleroderma prostate cancer metastases, 17f pseudolymphoma, 260 “pseudomass” in newborns, 162b Pseudomonas in bronchogenic carcinoma, 209 as bronchopneumonia agent, 246 lobar expansion in, 207b pulmonary abscess, 331 pulmonary alveolar edema distribution of, 225 overview of, 225 pulmonary alveolar proteinosis appearance and characteristics of, 240-242, 240f-241f diffuse air-space consolidation in, 222b, 238-239 diffuse fine reticular opacities in, 281b-282b pulmonary arterial hypertension differential for, 157 hilar enlargement, 143-148 signs and symptoms of, 147f-149f pulmonary arterial hypertension, postcapillary congestive heart failure as cause of, 146 hilar enlargement, 141b pulmonary arterial hypertension, precapillary
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1201_f8df51d2
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
hilar enlargement, 141b pulmonary arterial hypertension, precapillary chronic lung diseases as cause of, 146 hilar enlargement, 141b pulmonary arteries appearance and characteristics of normal, 144f proximal versus peripheral, 146 pulmonary artery, left appearance and characteristics of, 142 enlarged, 148f-149f pulmonary artery, main appearance and characteristics of, 142 enlargement of, 146, 150f pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behçet’s disease, 151f-152f overview of, 149 pulmonary artery enlargement aneurysms as cause of, 149 appearance and characteristics of, 145f differential for, 157 hilar enlargement, 141b hilar lymph node enlargement compared to, 157 hilar masses, distinction from, 142 pulmonary consolidation, 98f pulmonary contusion, 232f pulmonary disease, evolution of, 5 pulmonary drug reactions. See drug reactions pulmonary edema. See also cardiac pulmonary edema; noncardiac pulmonary edema; pulmonary hemorrhage appearance and characteristics of, 226f, 280f
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1202_49b8447d
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
pulmonary hemorrhage appearance and characteristics of, 226f, 280f diffuse air-space opacities in, 225-232, 241 fine reticular pattern in, 282b, 284-285 mitral regurgitation with, 206b multilobular pneumonia compared to, 248f Rocky Mountain spotted fever compared to, 259 sarcoidosis compared to, 238 unilateral hyperlucent lung, resemblance to, 360 pulmonary embolism adhesive atelectasis following, 204 appearance and characteristics of, 148f-149f atelectasis and, 200-201, 200f causes and types of, 206b diagnosis of, 51f, 326 hyperlucency, localized in, 351f, 365 hyperlucency in, 359 multifocal ill-defined opacities following, 265 noncardiac pulmonary edema and, 223b organizing infarct following, 331 overview of, 198-199 pleural effusion, 45b-46b, 50 secondary to, 50-52 pulmonary arterial hypertension, lung disease- related caused by, 146-147 segmental and lobar consolidations in, 213-216 pulmonary gangrene, 373 pulmonary hemorrhage causes of, 242 diffuse air-space opacities in, 217-219
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1203_7e0695fa
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
pulmonary gangrene, 373 pulmonary hemorrhage causes of, 242 diffuse air-space opacities in, 217-219 drug reactions resulting in, 228-229 pulmonary infections, 232-233, 408 pulmonary interstitial edema, 307 pulmonary lymphoma, 261f pulmonary metastasis, 329 pulmonary nodule. See also solitary pulmonary nodule border characteristics of, 323-325 calcification of, 321-323 benign, 323
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1204_92ecec9e
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
INDEX    451 confirmation of, 320 conspicuity of, 315-316 detection of, 315-316, 318-320 detection of small, 333 diagnosis of age considerations, 331 diagnostic appearance, unique of, 327-328 evaluation of, 333 growth rate of, 326 pulmonary renal syndromes, 259 pulmonary scarring, 272f pulmonary sequestration, 382f pulmonary vascular congestion, 49-50 pulmonary vasculitis pulmonary nodule in, 326 sources of, 259 pulmonary veins, arteries, distinction from, 142-143 pulmonary vein varix appearance and characteristics of, 327 confirmation of, 333 pulmonary volume. See lung volume pyogenic infection, 371-373 pyrogenic pneumonias, AIDS-related, 235 Q Q fever, 336b R radiation reactions, multifocal ill-defined opacities in, 244b-245b radiation therapy pleural effusion following, 44b-45b radiographic technique, 89b reexpansion pulmonary edema appearance and characteristics of, 231f as pneumothorax complication, 230 relaxation atelectasis, 198f renal cell carcinoma, 326-327
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1205_cc38814e
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
as pneumothorax complication, 230 relaxation atelectasis, 198f renal cell carcinoma, 326-327 Rendu-Osler-Weber disease, 328f, 329-330 Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, 339 resorption atelectasis, 185b respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD) classification of, 289 desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP) compared to, 289 respiratory cyst, 132-133 respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn as atelectasis type, 191 diagnosis of, 199f diffuse air-space opacities, 222b overview of, 198-200 respiratory epithelium, 132-133 retropharyngeal abscess, 97f rheumatic fever, 45b rheumatoid arthritis cavitary lesions in, 399-400 cavitation in, 378-379, 408 diagnosis of, 307 fine reticular interstitial pattern in, 285-286 immunosuppression effects in, 277 lung scarring, end-stage in, 298-301 multiple nodules with sharp borders in, 336b pleural thickening, 62b, 63-64 scleroderma compared to, 301-302 rheumatoid disease diagnosis of, 286f
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1206_31a54257
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
scleroderma compared to, 301-302 rheumatoid disease diagnosis of, 286f diffuse fine reticular opacities in, 282b interstitial, honeycomb lung in, 298-301 of the pleura, 54-55 in thorax, manifestations of, 70 rheumatoid lung disease honeycombing fibrosis following, 301f idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared to, 285-286 rheumatoid arthritis followed by, 298-301 signs suggesting, 307 rheumatoid nodules, 344 rheumatoid pleural thickening, 65f rib destruction chest wall involvement in, 9-10, 11f, 21 conditions producing, 21 in ganglion series tumors, 178 lung abnormalities, primary role in, 18-19 in lung cancer, 19f-20f in neural tumors, 163-164 overview of, 9 soft tissue masses with, 13f rib enlargement, 175 rib erosion appearance of, 12f in benign tumors, 178 chest wall tumor involvement in, 21 schwannoma involvement in, 12f rib fractures, 45b rib lesions characteristics of, 14-15 localizing, 333 in prostate metastases, 17f recognition of, 333 rib spreading
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1207_70ffff24
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
localizing, 333 in prostate metastases, 17f recognition of, 333 rib spreading in ganglion series tumors, 178 in neural tumors, 163-164, 166f right apical opacity, 10f right atrium, dilated, 105b right cardiophrenic angle mass appearance and characteristics of, 108f diagnoses suggested by, 118 types of, 105b right costophrenic angle, blunting of, 47f right hemidiaphragm, elevated, differential diagnosis of, 76 right hemidiaphragm, traumatic rupture of, 76 right hemithorax, opacification of, 34f right-lower lobe atelectasis, 188f, 190-191, 193f right-middle lobe atelectasis appearance and characteristics of, 183f, 188f, 190-191, 193f, 211f causes of, 200f right-middle lobe syndrome, 194 pulmonary nodule (Continued) rheumatoid arthritis (Continued)
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1208_8ac822f1
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
452    INDEX right pulmonary artery appearance and characteristics of, 144f filling defect in, 214f-215f right-sided heart enlargement embolism suggested by, 50 pulmonary embolism with, 45b right upper lobe, pulmonary edema localized to, 206b right upper lobe atelectasis appearance and characteristics of, 183f, 186-187, 186f-187f, 190-191 lung cancer accompanied by, 194f right upper lobe vein, 142-143 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 259 rounded atelectasis (folded lung) appearance and characteristics of, 39f asbestos exposure followed by, 329 overview of, 38-39 solitary pulmonary nodule or mass mimicked by, 311b-312b round pneumonia description and overview of, 207-208, 209f pulmonary nodule growth in, 326 solitary pulmonary nodule or mass, 311b-312b Rubeola (measles) pneumonia, 249-250 S salmonella, 275-276 sarcoid granulomas, 261 sarcoidosis appearance and characteristics of, 140f, 158f, 247f, 272f opacities in, 238 atelectasis in, 195 berylliosis compared to, 128-129
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1209_766a3845
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
247f, 272f opacities in, 238 atelectasis in, 195 berylliosis compared to, 128-129 conditions resembling, 156f-157f diagnosis of, 154, 159, 166-167, 268-272, 304-305, 342f diffuse air-space opacities, 222b diffuse fine nodular opacities in, 244b-245b, 267b, 269-272, 277 eosinophilic granuloma compared to, 254 fibrosis in, 304-305, 304f fine reticular pattern in, 282b, 285 hilar adenopathy, bilateral in, 154-155 honeycomb lung in, 297b interlobular septal thickening caused by, 283b Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis compared to, 285 middle mediastinal adenopathy in, 126 multifocal ill-defined opacities in, 251-254, 264 multinodular manifestation of, 253f nodular presentation in, 340-341 pleural effusion, 46b pleural thickening, 62b rheumatoid lung disease, distinguishing from, 285-286 signs suggesting, 307 staging, 297b scar carcinoma, 37 scar tissue formation, atelectasis caused by. See cicatrizing atelectasis schwannoma age at onset of, 166
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1210_3e988ce5
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
See cicatrizing atelectasis schwannoma age at onset of, 166 appearance and characteristics of, 13f, 165f classification of, 163 ganglioneuromas compared to, 163 neurofibromas compared to, 163 neurofibromatosis accompanied by, 166 overview of, 176 rib erosion caused by, 12f scimitar syndrome, 80, 81f scleroderma, 285-286 diagnosis of, 307 honeycomb lung in, 301-302 lung scarring, end-stage in, 298-301 pleural effusion in, 54-55 signs and symptoms of, 302, 307 scoliosis, 163-164, 170f segmental atelectasis conditions mimicking, 204 differential diagnosis of, 204 segmental consolidation, 212 segmental opacities as air-space consolidation feature, 224 in bronchopneumonia, 210 causes and types of, 206b diagnoses associated with, 217 pleural effusion with, 45b, 50-54 in viral pneumonia, 210-212 seminoma, 171-172 septic emboli cavitation in, 379 cavities, 399-400 holes in, 393b inflammatory nodules in, 343 multifocal ill-defined opacities in, 259
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1211_9df89a3d
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
holes in, 393b inflammatory nodules in, 343 multifocal ill-defined opacities in, 259 multiple nodules with sharp borders associated with, 336b serous pleural effusion, 62b severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) adult respiratory distress syndrome accompanying, 234 diffuse air-space opacities in, 234 siderosis, 269 “silhouette sign,” 208f silicosis appearance and characteristics of, 158f, 270f asbestosis compared to, 288-289, 302 calcification in, 270f cavitation in, 387 conditions caused by, 128 diffuse fine nodular opacities in, 268-269, 277 fine reticular pattern and hilar adenopathy in, 282b multifocal ill-defined opacities in, 261-262, 262f, 265 nodular lung scarring in, 344 reticular opacities in, 288 signs and symptoms of, 269-272 term, 268-269 Sjögren’s syndrome, 290, 404 skin lesions recognition of, 333 solitary pulmonary nodules mimicked by, 311b
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1212_496c6ead
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
INDEX    453 small airway obstruction atelectasis in, 185b, 191, 195-196 causes of, 207 small bowel herniation, 392b small cell carcinoma fine reticular pattern in, 282b mediastinal adenopathy produced in, 125 primary lung carcinoma, classification and frequency in, 313b small cell lung cancer appearance and characteristics of, 153f middle mediastinal adenopathy in, 124 smoke inhalation evaluation, 227 smokers, lung cancer, screening for, 318-320 smokers versus nonsmokers bronchioles of, 195-196 carbohemoglobin in blood of, 227 solitary pulmonary nodule in, 329 smoking-related diseases Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis association with, 254, 305, 404 respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD), 289 soft-tissue opacity, 13f solitary lucent defect description of, 370 diagnoses associated with, 386 types and conditions associated with, 369b-370b solitary mesothelioma appearance and characteristics of, 32, 35f benign, 39 overview of, 31-32, 39
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1213_6c278a06
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
solitary mesothelioma appearance and characteristics of, 32, 35f benign, 39 overview of, 31-32, 39 solitary metastasis, 325 solitary pulmonary mass, 311b-312b solitary pulmonary nodule causes of, 311b conditions associated with, 311b-313b detection of, 317-318, 332-333 diagnoses in, 332 evaluation of, 315-332 biopsy, 331 clinical correlations, 328-331 spinal damage paraspinous abscess, 167 paraspinous hematoma, 167 spindle cell carcinoma, 313b splenomegaly, 175 splenosis diagnosis of, 39 overview of, 37 pleural thickening, 62b squamous cell carcinoma appearance and characteristics of, 378f primary lung carcinoma, classification and frequency in, 313b squamous cell tumors, 325 stab wound, 89b staphylococcal infections, 167 staphylococcal pneumonia, 276-277 staphylococcus, 168f Staphylococcus as AIDS-related pneumonia agent, 262-263 in bronchogenic carcinoma, 209 lobar expansion in, 207b Staphylococcus aureus, 246 sternum, metastases to, 104b
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1214_4bd9e0a0
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
lobar expansion in, 207b Staphylococcus aureus, 246 sternum, metastases to, 104b steroid-induced mediastinal lipomatosis, 174-175 steroid therapy, 177f Streptococcus pneumoniae as AIDS-related pneumonia agent, 262-263 lobar expansion in, 207b lobar pneumonia caused by, 208, 217 as pyrogenic pneumonia agent, 235 stroke, 223b strongyloidiasis, 256-258 subcutaneous lesions, 311b subphrenic abscess, 74 subpleural opacities, 38 subpleural origin of lung mass, 29f subpleural parenchymal lung lesions, pleural opacities resembling, 39 subpleural parenchymal lung opacities features of, 26b overview of, 37-38 types and conditions associated with, 26b, 39 subpulmonic pleural effusion, elevated diaphragm in, 72, 72b, 73f, 76 subsegmental atelectasis development of, 195-196 diagnosis of, 196f postoperative, 50-52 subsegmental opacities, 45b superior sulcus tumor. See Pancoast’s tumor superior vena cava, mass, confusion with, 130 surfactant reduction, 200-201
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1215_88a5274c
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
superior vena cava, mass, confusion with, 130 surfactant reduction, 200-201 superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, 97-100 Swyer-James syndrome air trapping in, 362f-363f bronchiolitis obliterans role in, 80 unilateral hyperlucent lung in, 361-362, 361f systemic lupus erythematosus lung involvement in, 302 pleural and pericardial effusions in, 50 pulmonary hemorrhage in, 232 systemic sclerosis. See scleroderma T T. canis infection, 256-258 talcosis appearance and characteristics of, 68 diagnosis of, 70 telangiectasia, hereditary, 339 tension pneumothorax appearance and characteristics of, 77f mediastinum shift in, 86 overview of, 85-86 teratoid lesions diagnosis of, 119 thymomas compared to, 110-114 teratoma age group breakdown for, 119 appearance and characteristics of, 110-114, 112f as primary mediastinal tumor, 171-172 thymoma compared to, 119 Staphylococcus (Continued)
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1216_d95bbae2
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
454    INDEX testicular carcinoma, 337-339 testicular neoplasms, 171-172, 173f-174f tetralogy of Fallot, 359-360 Thompson, William LeRoy, 3 thoracic duct obstruction, 89b thoracic surgery, 217 thoracic trauma. See chest trauma thorax, pressure imbalance between sides of, 79 thromboemboli, 379 thromboembolic disease, 44b-45b thrombolytic therapy, 311b-312b thymic carcinoid tumors, 108-110 thymic carcinomas appearance and characteristics of, 110f overview of, 108-110 thymic cyst, 108-110, 109f, 143f thymic lesions, 104b, 106-110 thymolipoma, 108-110, 108f thymoma age group breakdown for, 106, 119 appearance and characteristics of, 32, 106, 107f benign versus invasive, differentiation of, 107 conditions associated with, 106 germ cell tumors compared to, 110-114 lymphoma compared to, 114-115 mesotheliomas compared to, 107 spreading pattern for, 119 thymic carcinomas distinguished from, 110f thyroid enlargement, 104b thyroid lesions, 119 thyroid masses anterior mediastinal mass, 104b
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1217_636aba01
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
thyroid enlargement, 104b thyroid lesions, 119 thyroid masses anterior mediastinal mass, 104b as inlet lesions, 116-117 middle mediastinal mass, 122b-123b superior mediastinum, inlet lesion from neck into, 105b thyroid tumor fine nodular pattern caused by, 272, 273f posterior mediastinal mass, 162b toxic inhalations, 223b trachea, carcinoma of, 131, 137 tracheal stenotic lesions, 131 trauma air-space opacities in, 231-232 cavitating nodules in, 393b mediastinal widening and, 89b, 92-94, 93f pleural calcification, 63b pleural effusion, 44b-45b pleural thickening, 62b posterior mediastinal mass, 162b traumatic lung cyst, 381f traumatic pneumatocele causes of, 387 term, 380 tuberculosis appearance and characteristics of, 47f, 67f, 183f, 237-238, 396 atelectasis caused by, 194, 204 bronchial obstruction in, 194 broncholiths secondary to, 188f calcification in, 60f, 67, 340 coal mining as risk factor for, 268-269 conditions mimicking, 201 cystic bronchiectasis caused by, 408
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1218_0c8d9beb
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
conditions mimicking, 201 cystic bronchiectasis caused by, 408 cystic bronchiectasis in, 401-403 diagnosis of, 54-55, 56f, 67, 201, 277 diffuse fine nodular opacities in, 267b-268b empyema in, 60f, 67 fibrosis scarring and lung volume loss in, 191 fungal infections compared to, 213 hilar adenopathy, asymmetric caused by, 154f hilar enlargement, unilateral caused by, 157 hilar lymph node calcification in, 155-156 histoplasmosis compared to, 126 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 263 interlobular septal thickening caused by, 283b multifocal opacities in, 251 multiple nodules with sharp borders in, 336b paraspinous abscess in, 167, 168f, 178 pathogenesis of, 212 pleural effusion in, 45b-46b, 54 pleural thickening in, 63, 66-67 pneumoconiosis as risk factor for, 344 Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia differentiated from, 119 pneumonitis compared to, 201-202 pulmonary lucent lesions in, 394b segmental and lobar consolidations in, 206b, 212 solitary lucent defect, 373-377
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1219_9791d381
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
segmental and lobar consolidations in, 206b, 212 solitary lucent defect, 373-377 solitary pulmonary nodules caused by, 311b Tuberculosis, 207b tuberculosis, primary adenopathy distinguished from, 126 age at onset of, 126 appearance and characteristics of, 137 conditions mimicking, 126 hilar and mediastinal adenopathy in, 125 hilar enlargement, asymmetric caused by, 153 segmental and lobar opacities in, 219 tuberculous bronchiectasis cystic bronchiectasis in, 307 honeycombing pattern in, 303-304 tuberculous cavity appearance and characteristics of, 396 identification of, 374 presence of, 374 tuberculous pneumonias, 298 tuberous sclerosis diagnosis of, 290 diffuse fine reticular pattern in, 281b-282b, 290 honeycombing pattern in, 306 lymphangiomyomatosis as forme fruste of, 306 tumor. See also primary tumors apical pleural thickening associated with, 70 atelectasis, 185b diffuse air-space opacities, 222b growth of, 333 interstitial invasion by signs suggesting, 324f
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1220_2ac0ef78
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
diffuse air-space opacities, 222b growth of, 333 interstitial invasion by signs suggesting, 324f mediastinum fixed in event of, 84-85 pleural effusion, 45b-46b, 56 tumor emboli, metastatic, 147 tumor node metastasis definitions distant metastasis, 314b tuberculosis (Continued)
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1221_30a301cb
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
INDEX    455 nodal involvement, 314b of primary tumors, 314b tumor node metastasis subsets, stage grouping of, 315b tumor node metastasis system for non-small cell tumors, 314b-315b, 332 two-lobe atelectasis (right lung), 183f, 190-191, 193f U undifferentiated carcinoma, unspecified, 313b unilateral hyperlucent lung causes of, 363 conditions associated with, 352b-353b, 360-363 conditions resembling, 351f mastectomy as cause of, 363 overview of, 363-365 upper lobe atelectasis, 71f, 72-74 upper lobe veins, 142-143 uremia, 226 uremic pneumonitis, 226 usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) (bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, BOOP) compared to, 254-255, 289 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) as histologic pattern of, 290 nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP) compared to, 289-290 V vagus neural tumors, 104b vanishing tumors appearance and characteristics of, 48f term, 29-31 varicella pneumonia diffuse fine nodules in, 276f
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1222_564aa495
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
term, 29-31 varicella pneumonia diffuse fine nodules in, 276f overview of, 249 vascular abnormalities, 130 vascular conditions multiple lucent lesions, 392b multiple nodules with sharp borders in, 336b solitary lucent defect, 369b-370b solitary pulmonary nodule or mass, 311b-312b vascular diseases cavitation in, 387, 399-400 holes in, 393b multifocal ill-defined opacities in, 244b-245b, 259 multiple lucent lesions in, 393b multiple pulmonary opacities in, 343-344 vascular lesions cavitation in, 378-379 middle mediastinal mass, 122b-123b as middle mediastinal mass cause, 124 posterior mediastinal mass, 162b vascular occlusions, 408 vascular structures, mediastinal widening and, 89b, 90-92 vascular surgery, 90 vasculitis, 244b-245b veins, distinction of normal, 130 venous thromboembolism, 343 vertebral tumors, 162b vessel transection following deceleration injury, 130 viral pneumonias acute, 307 appearance and characteristics of, 219 diffuse air-space opacities in, 234
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1223_e2cb6bab
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
acute, 307 appearance and characteristics of, 219 diffuse air-space opacities in, 234 diffuse fine nodular opacities in, 267b-268b, 276 effects of, 298 fine reticular pattern in, 285, 294 and hilar adenopathy in, 282b and pleural effusion in, 282b lymphadenopathy association of, 126 multifocal ill-defined opacities in, 244b-245b, 248-250 overview of, 210-212 signs and symptoms of, 249 Von Recklinghausen’s disease. See neurofibromatosis W Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, 260 Wegener’s granulomatosis atelectasis, 185b cavitary lesions in, 399-400 cavitation in, 378-379, 379f, 408 diagnosis of, 343-344 diffuse fine nodular opacities in, 267b multifocal ill-defined opacities in, 265 multiple nodules with sharp borders in, 336b pleural effusion, 54-55 pulmonary hemorrhage in, 232 pulmonary nodule in, 326 as pulmonary vasculitis source, 259 Wegener’s variants multiple nodules with sharp borders in, 336b overview of, 343-344 Westermark’s sign appearance and characteristics of, 351f
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses_1224_10d724bb
Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnoses
overview of, 343-344 Westermark’s sign appearance and characteristics of, 351f causes of, 359, 365 in vascular diseases, 399 tumor node metastasis definitions (Continued)