image unknown | text stringlengths 11 3.17k |
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"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" | \ F _ { \mathrm { C } } = { \frac { 1 } { 4 \pi \varepsilon _ { 0 } } } { \frac { q _ { 1 } q _ { 2 } } { r ^ { 2 } } } |
"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" | { \frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } } { \mathrm { d } t ^ { 2 } } } I ( t ) + { \frac { 1 } { L C } } I ( t ) = 0 . |
"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" | ( \mathbf { a } \ \mathbf { b } \ \mathbf { c } ) = \mathbf { a } \cdot ( \mathbf { b } \times \mathbf { c } ) . |
"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" | { \mathfrak { s u } } ^ { * } ( 2 N | 4 ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAABRElEQVR4nO2U23GDMBBFjzM0oBbUglKCUoJTAi4Bl2CXACXgEqQSoAQoAUq4+QjCcgY7M/av7w9i9+5h0WsnnlY/eyierz9iv8IrAE6M0X+8Us9s2QJcLv+U9uflaSyocq5UrtZNGrweqawkqfOTRF1KLuRZ26lzjwGTDUu90CT5LkvWpaTwGKC61GCcd0FIYV9JUhVO3nfSPtwHJI9EChWA6WcDcTRtc26JbT5d8zKwFq4e8NH/Jgrw/nisobc1LsKc1dOMy6CycPVkKgD8GaKpIWFX1TdvW55iNtA46D00lw7MbO6uf/IAyVTEgxv3JxjNpzHBgI97/vxI0uph7l0Kptl0wzJo76/g6lG17r0EmOzVdrOtMl09k11R6SzEtSXqw2b/uee7tGt040vdsBG8aSXrcffCjQSweZzfgDfgDXhCP7y625CvWDvFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" | 3 p ( 1 - p ) ^ { 2 } |
"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" | f = f _ { 1 } \cdots f _ { k } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAoElEQVR4nO2QWxGDMBREDwwGYgELWMBCLGABCyChSCgSQAJISCQQCdsPmLbTJFXA/t4z+7iFgMkzt4MhKUndIqGMkLZWetocUIKxsDdp/zNCUrP9iZDk6txdJQBrm024AAtAyAE+nA7jmiBcL1l3VT3iDlWYYKgB1jmMXR3P3N4LH31iRcXnRXtyyxfcHIvL/OGU2X1coVDK9vcPN3ADl15IDOoaio+e/gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" | { \mathcal { I } } _ { t } |
"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" | W = F s = F r \phi . |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKAAAABACAAAAAC44CNzAAADl0lEQVR4nO2Z3ZWbMBCFb3K2AbWgLYGUIJeglKAtQZSASxAlmBJECVAClCBKuHnAGLzGWA6G5MHfwy5HGo0v+pkZyz+IrciV/OvekZ+vETNDe1xWcIxz82OzGUyRLXV3n42IcbOZwO6zWp7BL7H4AgObCUw7t2zQ/oqaws32YKHPD2V91V6WQJ4DkEkR5Yjb4GT//6SclfrSHDQcmWBqssxWAmVGknQiMCAb2zMEMvTSpItwtJFALwJJNsKRHtXYoROStCRJqyI8bbQHSykA4CgM0Ipk7CgUgK5/TsoYV6+fPZJs+lmDJanGLcgTPEnXkCSNifC00QxKkwMoASAv1dheQwFdKwGgzW2Ep63CjCnO61jUEDnw+7MGgBZAl/bCch2VjV+/vD3KkUwgXAZDUkL3S6yMDb2F9DF+ogUG7733PsTae0mSnmR/hit7bh8MXMwZfibMBANprVBNpP23CbLfX03FRMGn4qCBJT2Sub5wu1zu6oz67+/VROWRpwRKeJLA3NbxM37k4nYwcRNIkN6TdJZ0i2MaoP/bkKwCycmGnBMYj/f3Pxx9+qbUpMZlwIXR0kGR1NBkZUXCkMC+ROC0gJgRyAwNWSG75HByNgoZGH9S6De7x8lOMuy6GZwWEDd8oJYSyKEBMYT82SK2hChhXB9cVZKaIcOmADqkAIYiv20jwzmkBFAnAhB63uIDpQG6QkoASxVu216V6Do1w2MNoMO0LM0jvxABNgNQWFwKiFuBZZcAx04DyIeXSMf+i6gSajquRTEo9ADKg590mivTJSSAAgoY3d0IhEIJKAD1YFPPGNaYFE0oVH3PI84LF820gJhBg5X18DOx/go5xr9wqgwdKveaMKNBBnPvw5HBWDKR1izksOA1YIe455AEBiEmx/hJgSGzY9ibFhAzAtkEkqxiUyx5Tv9h6rOKy/wD2tpJEOVSWbNZubWEa8hMxNludzeTHoBDOtukJa6O3BLbCVxAAGjvBObvfGyqZIHywc3IwD+ZQQBHG3W3tZPAy33MhUL9R3uw+31ogfxr0pTLBG1+d8SUHfagSAoN+F9jS/EFAE3U6D0OyU05pZ+4lNxjD07vY55mB4HL5dQjdhD4oJx6wA4Cp/cxz7PDIdHFQYosMi7fsIdAltFfAW7ZJZOs0PfPcnE02y2xkn3ht9z0kO1+q3sR//0SvwWu5S1wLW+Ba3kLXMtb4FreAtfyFriWt8C1/AH8vdVzX5C8hAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" | w = P x + { \frac { \langle a , v \rangle } { \| v \| ^ { 2 } } } v |
"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" | \sigma _ { p } ^ { 2 } = \hbar m \omega \left( n + { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } \right) \, . |
"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" | A ^ { \mu } = \left[ \, { \frac { 1 } { c } } \varphi , \, \mathbf { A } \, \right] |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAAA7UlEQVR4nO2SUbHDIBBFbzs1gAUsYAELz0IsUAl9EqgEKoFIoBKIhI2E+346YZNJmpf/nC9mOHvZ3QGkdMFF+UncY1UExT2YTbAytzMm/Kd+VQSDJQkTdxtYF0ETSPm8Ur4FaLFx60cL9OgAjL+vOvU9PKej7QBAiZobYIEnzGBh4NvF+MaSSZwhSMwG6UHSf1uEFqOvbQfRR1c8CknUaqNsJSixQ2kBrIWUSjJbCZvlVKLe9oVtmvswpMWA+1zV+W1Mf7QeUC1CkuX+j56jArIjnavb7ip6BwBGmIMTLAKOc91XzoAz4Aw4A/7HH/QODmbHqd7sAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" | \alpha _ { k } = \alpha . |
"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" | P _ { \mathrm { m m ~ H g } } = 1 0 ^ { 8 . 0 4 4 9 4 - { \frac { 1 5 5 4 . 3 } { 2 2 2 . 6 5 + T } } } |
"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" | R ^ { ( 1 / p ) } \cong A [ X _ { 1 } , \ldots , X _ { n } ] / ( f _ { 1 } ^ { ( 1 / p ) } , \ldots , f _ { m } ^ { ( 1 / p ) } ) . |
"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" | \langle f \ast T , \phi \rangle = \left\langle T , { \tilde { f } } \ast \phi \right\rangle , |
"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" | F _ { \Delta } ( x - 1 ) = h _ { 0 } x ^ { d + 1 } + h _ { 1 } x ^ { d } + h _ { 2 } x ^ { d - 1 } + \cdots + h _ { d } x + h _ { d + 1 } |
"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" | { \mathcal { L } } = i { \bar { \psi } } \gamma ^ { \mu } \partial _ { \mu } \psi - e { \bar { \psi } } \gamma ^ { \mu } ( A _ { \mu } + B _ { \mu } ) \psi - m { \bar { \psi } } \psi - { \frac { 1 } { 4 } } F _ { \mu \nu } F ^ { \mu \nu } . |
"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" | \left\{ x \in X : \| f ( x ) \| \geq \epsilon \right\} |
"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" | p ^ { \sum x _ { i } } ( 1 - p ) ^ { n - \sum x _ { i } } = p ^ { T ( x ) } ( 1 - p ) ^ { n - T ( x ) } |
"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" | { \frac { d S } { d t } } = { \dot { S } } _ { i } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAvElEQVR4nO1RQQ3DMBBzohLIIIxCBiGFMAodhBTCKKQQWgqD0EDIIKQQvEenqtLuuu8e8yuRrTvbZwgAi4MGCwBTe8mqgmTs6uxHyjBcFyxQtlgAU2tON22HBW5DZHEP1UP0lWQtigcUzAq1wk7BqwkBwD6PeTSbYOnh7sIEv+bL6EPCIIwoSGS9RlYyJiEFR+fDORaSIUoxSc7vDkonHAT7Tw1CD3s/WThYs736DKRPgeFxT7Bf+L/ghwQvRcToVqwbLgkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | { \hat { C } } _ { 3 } |
"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" | k = { \frac { 2 \pi } { \lambda } } = { \frac { 2 \pi \nu } { v _ { \mathrm { p } } } } = { \frac { \omega } { v _ { \mathrm { p } } } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAMAAAAAgCAAAAABh8yhZAAADYElEQVR4nO2X3ZGjOhCFv91yArohaENQCrohMCEwIYgQcAgmBAgBQkAhWCFACL0PYCzEz6z31q3ZrZrz4qLVfaBbR93yN+HPQKf18eIYzNHS5f/4mN9AQPMeDI02dLaMl7xB0dmjSNlBOexZf319QtuKDGnAUagTkVxEVD0FPtGbx/ouLkCowqgVjIEWoMhVmmZ3BeNBByiNK8pNIVJcg6WwRZ8QHoQGBY0DP1pg9fqp9qbJznbAMYiI9EpEpC1FRKSOk87Lh9egB5H7YUGWipYiItZuCJPQm2tvdSnlXPTSJDytM5kTkSE/2QHojAIwOUBVT7Y4TeUeXsoq0GM4OXJA19wB7LghXId6xbW9BkI+P6dSt/afVgEqHLzpAjB6F7175u8iW5M9vRSArc5FNJNotSVchWrT5LhJQgDdDYBQLd/v9UbPa4iI1NQiQy3Si0hei4jInXu0kYvX5COizxWUq2HxTQnn0KHtRUQmx2yy9WzOeDlLzh686TuAx0KlwTAfmq5411WxbJtdvCYf0P60LGb88XYNk29KqD0wvl8JBcwFnulmKcfwhiskBzvCBaDjDR4yCgqw9l2nIlmzj/Pv2/i05UunyEPVNEV+2yUcYfw3c+AfPQbrDVShGwubnAIdimzK4wAiMuBEhnkXZZ4M+pbs1UDcP9yHfagvNf0eoXMiuRaRsl4GxXGfnz3c0ei5AB0G1DrFENJ+0HFYhA2CBmOyH9ENYE3Y6EKHXD+VYQ7bmgIY1ZmEJnG7lX17NZmPwIoX8JGEHjGhcQA6Fm5EqAijS+ZSdt1OzwiNO1q5sHt08BaqPLasvZbG20UJ2EfDnDy9jlJ+EnqHetT1ue7CSQLj0RgGUnGL7UVE7E36WqRVD+UmXvrsOpRPPc+0W8I51NYici9POH4Vl1B5GswzResNYEITHDBO/a2go4GlMR1rEsDnb5kaKxd1mIVwCi2vik4d6uIVbFK6T+3oPo+d/Srd0h61Qi9D65YrZUI4h05j7L9j5zrt7vHTfgLZrvUAa8KXQj/GTgJDLPbbfesgUrd71iOsCF8L/Rjft6JSWRU97LXn7ZA4RUz4YugvYC+rfrfsURVfLdOT8OXQj/DtT/lT/7vYkdDfha8EPhtfCXw2vhL4bHwl8Nn46xP4CanjMXWgQjORAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" | F ( t , T ) = S ( t ) e ^ { r ( T - t ) } |
"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" | [ ( a , b ) ] \cdot [ ( c , d ) ] : = [ ( a c + b d , a d + b c ) ] . |
"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" | \beta _ { i } ^ { r e v } |
"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" | F = { \frac { G _ { \mathrm { S C } } } { c } } ( A \cos \alpha ) |
"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" | \Delta v = - ( v _ { \mathrm { r } } - v _ { \mathrm { s } } ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAA+ElEQVR4nO2RQXXDMBBEJ34lsIVgCqLgQkghqBAUCCoEF4IDQYFgQXAhyBB+DrbyUjttrz10rvvf7O6M+FY9AAJgIgY/boASK1D85AvJdhbjApRjCQlQ2hIeaKQ3b+esR7IsNbp8dupMmtVuAXeWhI+L39Du/pg6ELZe7/3+U4NDemHxe05OmrPkLM9yJkkH1NR9H85Jkl4vJr3fHZKWqEo7La6hWxMCcKBiA1C6oeZnw22ePDxZPGWX5+jq7/40VffsJEFJqdw3YLdEj9SyvjQUXI0h7IExQLF+vZctMAZLkNo2AvQF4MDDmiRprln9rOaX+T/wh4ArPwRz/val2UgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | { \mathcal { O } } _ { X } ) |
"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" | { \mathcal { P } } _ { b } ( a ) = ( a \cdot b ^ { - 1 } ) b |
"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" | \xi = \hbar / { \sqrt { 2 m n _ { 0 } g } } = 1 / { \sqrt { 8 \pi a _ { s } n _ { 0 } } } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAmUlEQVR4nO3PQRHDIBQE0A0TA1ggEqiEVEIstBaQECwgIZUAEkBCkZAvYXvrgQmd6UyO2fObv/uHXeNn1H0SIEzSFbSRNNs78zgKc0Iwi392DozQIi5j7XUo2OIfRoqgpoJUWjBQbshaXI3Vl8UmrO1I6o1knMloyKibkSOwf7EB0G5R3f//BCnUkEIN9QXXfnFSxQUucBL4ANK+YcWSTQiNAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" | v _ { \mathrm { i n } } |
"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" | D { \mathfrak { g } } = [ { \mathfrak { g } } , { \mathfrak { g } } ] |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAp0lEQVR4nO3RPRHDMAyG4Te+EjAFUzCFFEIpuBBCwRRCIYWQQEggNBBqCF+HpNfFP1unavGgx5JO6sTVknykFJIGJhXDAOCL/zmAq4OtL+cxwFIpgIEd2wKNFkttRgykFthrHbjAEgD2R3IhJ7QySBr9UyFkVs3Y4/r1ZVdpmnPgeGbqxwJSacoT+igpZip0Ogvcnd9umbN/AKSU3dcXFMI08n/wO/AG68eoOSiwl9EAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | I _ { \mathrm { c } } |
"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" | f ( t ) = { \frac { 1 } { t } } , \quad t \in [ 0 , 1 ] |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAABK0lEQVR4nO2TwZWCMBRFLx4a+C2khVhCWqAFKAFL0BKGFijBX4IpYVKCKeHPIuAoOi5glr4N/5DLy8vjpDLWapDoG7C1uhzN3LftVgcQB5I3JDCzc2sbEkDUL6jWlxhTo+IrA8Yc3Fv2CRizc/sMRg10rd+fZV7Lp3lq/DQ8ApC73nftFYAaDt4jMcyr8jtNzwUAXfDkOZKZmJk7vyl7CVzuf12NekjZ3+zTME+hbLoE0LswFINTL0pqBMAdFw0WIGqbUqMEwSsQpZxhR8w6SK9jaA68VAFCjCGdGgYIftRh7qBGLQXQfEBeGxQABAKSgWPidopaAw4Q35Nef1+AB929qKdG+m7kGZwMADSNLuYwpvRIVdc/gt+U3wMb7kLRltv4MfgYfAz+0+AHgK0fyLJqjtQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | \rho _ { \mathrm { e } } = \rho _ { \mathrm { m } } c ^ { 2 } |
"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" | ( M - N ) / V _ { 0 } = \rho |
"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" | \left( x _ { 1 } , \ldots , x _ { n } \right) |
"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" | \delta { \sqrt { - g } } = - { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } { \sqrt { - g } } g _ { \mu \nu } \delta g ^ { \mu \nu } |
"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" | L _ { z } = \pm \hbar \ell |
"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" | ( \mathbf { A } \otimes \mathbf { B } ) ^ { - 1 } = \mathbf { A } ^ { - 1 } \otimes \mathbf { B } ^ { - 1 } . |
"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" | a _ { 0 } ( x ) , \ldots , a _ { n } ( x ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAIAAAABACAAAAAD3vSCjAAADGklEQVR4nO1Y27WjIBTdyUoDtMCUwJRASjAlcEsgJWgJpIRYApagJWgJUMKZD59Ro7hyr3c+3B/JWnBy2Jw3OREA4A7opGAxx944AwAKxPoKqx67n98Q8ICvIoj9z8epdsGNFyqLUrU/hYaALwTzBd8/BFoCS0i8iHCHiLbofahQSVqFQUmkmVuX7GBFgN4a5wCOnAMQLPz6RRZ8f1zWRSrRfoRCiCxY9ozb6RXXsUjBARQ/lh+UM5jeJTmTYy9BSCmxJQSIbHAMgMiA5f2CHhOwcESWbzp/A4EzoLS/+c4ik1JQCAZk8qc8cAYQi+qrW1B2TEACqDhw//u4/wlW7NdFahARlQzxOxPlLHLkmCYiFRMLs6vi4Gq8WJp4JpBqX1kgn+4NWFhLRMKVkwgNhxW5jt4RIA2+GuaOk9HbkmHMYYZ/UwnjqLqtOSsTQJEEB8EMZhtEdz3ogDuUnxhAmZnFLl9zBvuJ9nfI6wSWRNrQzAl9wTDY1PA6BQ3e2U87TiUjopxJOVPOBhUrYkMDrzp0PiHGBYvIRmQWkqfvhj57mYnH9WiC+fYcTwpQwZEtdbKe+6RyBKHV8zaEI0tiIbo6Alp8lOJvUcIR3HsGrQvSR74+8iQVC5kM63RvhBPBIG7xmgtK9ly/DFOlgSUtjF7ozs082AivoiEgQqqQbgQXm1KuDYbCYQSUmGw4pUnLyRW4WW1K/TDC50rfCBcAeKTl1JHRFRLJKK9TpuA9S4UPGJJTFjAcnwEU9+dA3an+0oCUTbLf0mbP35/hTcnfn+tCAJF7cVXeGtAIoqieU1gzrjjZTg1LTalxQS+8CBCpoUNd1BLQmoi96pABqdIRCBMmkBmZpM0w8STLaKjF6PmZYkLAhQsTJl2n/RFKciwamoADwMxU9YpmHgwTJgp4Hf8sJo9TX/wugeS28/9EJ52pKi1RPQBAyqpKVieBb8Ul/vLxA2ASADh4tevxwBmF2vT2/25cmsruMwCQPPxN9114RmRkX4uN4Pqj4X8rToT67ftb+P8K0UHgIHAQOAgcBA4CB4GDwEFgb/wDmGdnO03K2uoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | \sum _ { n = 1 } ^ { \infty } { \frac { H _ { n } } { n \cdot 2 ^ { n } } } = { \frac { 1 } { 1 2 } } \pi ^ { 2 } |
"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" | { \dot { \gamma } } ^ { i } \left( \nabla _ { \frac { \partial } { \partial x ^ { i } } } { \dot { \gamma } } ^ { m } \right) { \frac { \partial } { \partial x ^ { m } } } + { \dot { \gamma } } ^ { i } { \dot { \gamma } } ^ { m } \nabla _ { \frac { \partial } { \partial x ^ { i } } } \left( { \frac { \partial } { \partial x ^ { m } } } \right) = 0 |
"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" | \varepsilon \equiv { \frac { \Delta L } { L _ { 0 } } } |
"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" | \theta _ { u } ( v ) = g _ { u } ( u , \pi _ { * } v ) |
"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" | \left( { \frac { T } { W } } \right) _ { \mathrm { c r u i s e } } = \left( { \frac { D } { L } } \right) _ { \mathrm { c r u i s e } } = { \frac { 1 } { \left( { \frac { L } { D } } \right) _ { \mathrm { c r u i s e } } } } |
"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" | { \frac { 4 x ^ { 2 } - 8 x + 1 6 } { x ( x ^ { 2 } - 4 x + 8 ) } } = { \frac { A } { x } } + { \frac { B x + C } { x ^ { 2 } - 4 x + 8 } } |
"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" | ( s _ { x } x _ { 1 } , s _ { x } x _ { 2 } ) = ( s _ { y } y _ { 1 } , s _ { y } y _ { 2 } ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAAg0lEQVR4nO2QQRGDMBREX5kaqIVYwAIWaqEWEgloQAJIqAUigUiIhe0BBi75uTEMM/3nN7vvL1I3q3Lo4141ogluGUPEvixJ2U54CIA0EPu2mLBy7r3QGZKS9MWrL6s+9yhfdmwA0kQMyfhir7B2qCxwVJwLIElzi7Mst6kvlfwDNwJ+O2XdLRIWItoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | \mathbf { \hat { f } } |
"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" | \forall _ { f } \colon { \mathcal { P } } X \to { \mathcal { P } } Y |
"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" | x _ { n + 1 } = x _ { n } Y _ { n + 1 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAABACAAAAACPAi4CAAABFUlEQVR4nO2V3Q2DMAyEjyoLZAVWYAUYAUaAFTpCOwKswAhkhYzQjAAjpA/0JwVhB1ArpOaeIoy/GMs+IotlDS1KIgwAEFRQGy4dOFHBlM8fAcrjJgLQnCsHsJYlgBLaeVB1qytYltZaU/FHBctKPKqhAAoAIBNvwFAA0BmAOn4DYhoAa61NO/tSateJbKKPBNAY3arLVkA0XabM6bxRqWHnefpNvXOsrexzpgczwAfrxqUzTTQqATeKsx44ug6QMmHGgAJ4STQt+05O+dr+Cqjg70x1yRN9TFUAjWnH9d2kmSeu1e51PpapDsXzNDY1Gym017gAObnQ6xdzQE90tckTXUsLnuin7y5TAARAAARAAPwd4A5WcoDGOcvsRQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" | \frac { 1 + { \frac { 1 } { x } } } { 1 - { \frac { 1 } { x } } } |
"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" | e _ { t } ( f ) = f ( t ) |
"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" | \cos ( t \cos x ) = J _ { 0 } ( t ) + 2 \sum _ { k = 1 } ^ { \infty } ( - 1 ) ^ { k } J _ { 2 k } ( t ) \cos ( 2 k x ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAIAAAAAgCAAAAAD/SS/5AAACAElEQVR4nO2W27mjMAyE/5wvDXhLoAW34C0hKcEpgZRASoASSAlQApRASrBLmH1ITk4uYNjNl33KPHGRRmNJlr0SSfQxy9IWS5BiURK5s6ZOmyxAimWVzMAxs2xj8+L6kyxfSVdrYfNi+BmWtIAM6O2rApIsa6Dt3fl3bE/uybCvp6njaam6aRZ1rh68C5I6A7hw3yRFN9lbITf5wjacZkE2l5Tlkmyj4LnnrKfjq25YKCDBQkMjKSeoKSUF3KPn0Py8N+7ee5mAR5ZbrNvvIrnMAcbd1ue4BcywsM5TSLJ8GSJgaTnPqn4Dp/1qT/y9ajeSFMy/xW0Pqz1sf5Fm6fCSaopLjrMgSQVD3owkbboEN3PmamOtVJt0edbWV5mNFZf9VNUGID/snHuQ2gJ9bAEzsvncyEh1B3Bzg0wqvS/9RWdeXoT5J+FjS5xpwoKgfJjJAHg47fLz+jP/HSQ+zi4noD1MHQyn6vp4JbH0GTOH6RqAnc0BKjzQOjhu2uPfjeDYP38zcChm/NZA3MfGAMfK7QEbT7TlpsqPfsY53jzbkdRYdsXsFlIo3bmS3dk2U4ENGowZqd7dLug22Do8G/0An24ASYyNyU6ShjHqbunwlySFx4NlVMC7EMrgEgfJ+wUUZAviz1zJXkJrl8zwNwpYhvSV7CPgI+Aj4CPgP+APckr2inbmYZIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | 9 2 x ^ { 2 } + 1 = y ^ { 2 } |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEAAAAAgCAAAAACH9iFYAAAA6klEQVR4nO2T3XXDIAyFb3KygFYgI9ARWMEruCOwAh3BGSEeQYyAR3BHICPcPhi7bVLMe4/1oiOQPv3BiWjJY4KV6u25Gf7+FsfrZ92Bf0sqepZAsvcVN/IF4JdqXTGdJ5mM7gCSz2RYM3bdTJLMi6mGpDf3ajzB7DuGbq3cPNVTr73IBRKuH6OWiYwmArASxQIApr415AuA/pa2NcW4aFeQjxbgDEy3H/baS4m3UwsAZpeGrdOE9KvDWQI5DzszQLZ30m6EXoKqqq57UwPILqBk2g4GJ8D3O2jKqf0XmkM8AAfgAByA/wL4AgPGrwC3Nn0LAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" | x \in { \mathcal { C } } |
"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" | \mathbf { A \cdot B } = { \left( \begin{array} { l l l l } { A ^ { 0 } } & { A ^ { 1 } } & { A ^ { 2 } } & { A ^ { 3 } } \end{array} \right) } { \left( \begin{array} { l l l l } { \eta _ { 0 0 } } & { \eta _ { 0 1 } } & { \eta _ { 0 2 } } & { \eta _ { 0 3 } } \\ { \eta _ { 1 0 } } & { \eta _ { 1 1 } } & { \eta _ { 1 2 } } & { \eta _ { 1 3 } } \\ { \eta _ { 2 0 } } & { \eta _ { 2 1 } } & { \eta _ { 2 2 } } & { \eta _ { 2 3 } } \\ { \eta _ { 3 0 } } & { \eta _ { 3 1 } } & { \eta _ { 3 2 } } & { \eta _ { 3 3 } } \end{array} \right) } { \left( \begin{array} { l } { B ^ { 0 } } \\ { B ^ { 1 } } \\ { B ^ { 2 } } \\ { B ^ { 3 } } \end{array} \right) } |
"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" | C \setminus ( C \setminus A ) = ( C \cap A ) |
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAeAAAABACAAAAADn1PsTAAAG4ElEQVR4nO1c25WjOBSs2dMJaEPQhqAJQQ6BDkEdghyCJwQcAg4BhwAhmBAghLsfgHnJWA8bMxzqo3sGo6uqW6DHBfcvgh2u54pH0vLkRbA+RkF4k5x/LM87HlWCw/Xl/ftjfYyC8C45vyzv4HPEgH9l8nIC3lgfoyC8S46twQCAQ16+uv9ArI9REN4gx3aI3vGX4svyvOv5olgl3srFDetjFIR3ybG8g88HVsbIX969P9bHKAhvk2NncPEjYwaJ9dwv62MUhPfJsTP4DxQAgL+8f1+sj1EQ3ifHzuArIgBXrKessD5GQXifHLtt0i+RAfiPpy/v3xfrYxSE98mxXGQxANdCv7x7f6yP0RjHg8PJb5NjZ7DMK+TfekXj4eoYnf+dlBkd6o7vk2PYB1/5ZKpPjr854uj13dvAwOeljC65Cl7bXP+gGh9jD+2aKnpjgqmPGEQZUloLFuEjUAbHSCkd0dSnk4j1hPriGR4O0bn0W8odzubj59+96/ryU7jG9eVjTwpArpg1t3HbFi3FLk6eF1WRT6J6KrLTYlIxHKKvEVC45zO/GgeX6hsJ6/4bsd/q5BbYk48DKeAKZcutaVucrxXnQuHYVJ4i1Z7RxUlx5IaIfoostZhUDAyuCgFcFFxhviSrAx8+/JLpoYpd4vrycSGFqxCW3Jq2+YGn7PKtu7JEb0Z9EsdTka0WU+/98ToBUYzEeZxXzHx0MreliF3i+vJxIiUbSs+5NW0VbkQkRrTuc/A9jpbTEJ6KrBM8VTEwWLMylUidTCAi4pHh4A26/keSEdEtKYmIBDecWT5ac/jycSKl28+M3AxtJUyfpshGcUwGeyqyT/BEBYhKLRkApCQl1yUT9t1nApqohCbCWI7GjYiolBw3Slm9VNX3NFDa5WnYYwAfP1L3zzKaQ9OWpGERfNMcXN8Gce4Gd4KcFblrGasAZUzEaX2zOy/f40xIogQpkRiPIhzNKRlOGU/rqy3G/YbpGVyynuIQPn6k2nYdN+Mc1rSlFGzWoDZOa3BPkLMidy09FURE9FUdRApUPwlw7T+tOl+ezfyRgkIugRwSYOMnXUV9QAGs+I5lvUrg/UeeXaVH/eTt2sCfDwBAnNxJNehxMxbom7aQ8fGnmFly8+Fj3Z6ggaL8+FRM6qFl1Du+jvWyKwfgseHMIYBcAAArzmcoVGjf/bwv4MU5biMPKjj9Wu1ZNfzD+HiRMnEzoW2rxPcfPHa4jaPrTWlfkLsiZy0TFVwSUTkZ4C1xQkoETUQ4EUlJRCWvB7AuZDt5DY/2hmiKu7VfGB8/UlNuPRg+pgxipv8h+YUTPJ6rv4oIQO77pLmArMedC9qtOBPH4T6vyJHz+/mDIkN7mR7je5MwPl6kptz6Y4tpuBbMXNAaxwFCBTlrGWe4LlVefEdDhnoUqY6666KZbpscVD+9d42KTmhXi6++T6OtvzcfL1JTboP7sUXd9vsCoJp7O64wmLlYgqe9S0kUQ/kNIJQipohTyhURkRRpmipdLxgjlESUnERMkpdRu4UwbfL7S8swPl6kGpi5dajbMkFEis3sqEZxlk3wRAVKJSQ/PQofSWVe2Ke39gzGGG/KOlKkadyWeOp5VUMTxWjnWPn0yY07n0S3PnmSIjtuMWKiMhKQPJrbMY/iLJvgiQpjVaaFFmmpJlu30ROvG+7spSSipOmh5JyIapqtA2XYrWnmI1AGkbLlVrd9CheNL0/wtPdZg+OSiNi4TKYk0alrl3RUpKRBUXZybSo2Wbq6wMwHKoyUNbfHbd3idHh5gqe9zxpcB51UUHTNoYHuQkhJRBlOzaQaj2eqZ7OcFcZ86iKwPykHbo/ausYZ4oUJNvRua3BX0C6RELGuHiZbKjfNmL4RRTJrq+Bc9a6nTMrn+XmOMR8tKICUGzdjW484A7wswcbeZw1OIygt5LCg/fyJV9aNHP0xpAwanh/ykTEFkHLl9mSQdtT42gQbe58zOIYqSUMOC9pBz/CC8IAPfZRUCJZI8IzBN9RTej0cMMXrq8XvGd4L8IDPZ0mFYJEEzxiskFD3ioBsd1ofe+nyAR8i+iCpECyS4JkX34fflxHN7+vHvtBn5tN89Dd+y3CRBM8YXD9vvEgO1AXt+vDHvkzwgA+AD5IKwTIJfnxzo7erLuVt9KbA8lgbn2AsImjGYMlKypimR8X5pbE2PsFYRNCMwaXiUiZEj4rzS2NtfIKxiCCr7wcXvPu5BqyNTzDeKMjp72Tt+Puw/52sjWM3eOPYDd44doM3jt3gjWM3eOPYDd44doM3jt3gjWM3eOPYDd44doM3jt3gjWM3eOPYDd44doM3jt3gjWM3eOPYDd44doM3jv8Bv67SLAoStbgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" | \sigma ^ { \mu } { \frac { \partial } { \partial x ^ { \mu } } } \psi _ { \mathrm { { R } } } ( x ) \mapsto \sigma ^ { \mu } { \frac { \partial } { \partial x ^ { \prime \mu } } } \psi _ { \mathrm { { R } } } ( x ^ { \prime } ) = ( S ^ { - 1 } ) ^ { \dagger } \sigma ^ { \mu } { \frac { \partial } { \partial x ^ { \mu } } } \psi _ { \mathrm { { R } } } ( x ) |
"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" | f ( x ) = { \frac { 4 A } { T ^ { 2 } } } \left( x - { \frac { T } { 2 } } \right) ^ { 2 } \quad { \mathrm { f o r ~ } } 0 \leq x < T |
"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" | ( k \beta \gamma , k \gamma ) |
"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" | { \binom { n } { j } } - { \binom { n } { j - 1 } } |
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