Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

african-mining-tailings-dam

record_id stringlengths 12 12	facility_id stringclasses 499 values	country stringclasses 8 values	commodity stringclasses 8 values	operational_status stringclasses 4 values	dam_type stringclasses 4 values	construction_method stringclasses 4 values	max_height_m float64 10 250	current_height_m float64 5 207	storage_capacity_mm3 float64 0.4 6.94k	current_volume_mm3 float64 0.2 5k	catchment_area_km2 float64 0.5 100	year_constructed int64 1.96k 2.02k	design_life_years int64 20 100	last_raise_year int64 1.96k 2.02k	consequence_classification stringclasses 5 values	monitoring_date stringdate 2020-01-01 00:00:00 2024-12-04 00:00:00	freeboard_m float64 0.69 10	piezometer_level_m float64 5.01 50	seepage_rate_lpm float64 0.23 308	settlement_mm float64 5 380	inclinometer_displacement_mm float64 0 73.8	rainfall_24h_mm float64 0 200	earthquake_pga float64 0 0.19	water_balance_status stringclasses 3 values	factor_of_safety float64 0.8 2.36	risk_score float64 0 75.3	risk_category stringclasses 4 values	last_inspection_days_ago int64 1 730	governance_score int64 20 100	has_eap bool 2 classes
TSF-0694593D	FAC-0044	south_africa	platinum	inactive	earthfill	downstream	56.939191	35.5	53.2	45.5	6.185094	2,022	25	2,023	high	2022-10-04	1.661706	30.581554	20.885499	20.368661	9.429776	28.5	0.034	deficit	1.21	23.7	low	112	66	true
TSF-36CC50AC	FAC-0386	zambia	iron_ore	active	composite	upstream	43.54391	30.1	47.5	28.8	19.142593	2,017	25	2,023	low	2023-03-11	1.760834	6.648616	2.493209	16.741053	0.417712	145.5	0.011	deficit	1.47	25.3	medium	16	75	true
TSF-0012E477	FAC-0327	mauritania	gold	active	earthfill	upstream	83.189037	55.5	480.9	215.6	11.02752	1,984	30	2,004	significant	2020-11-02	2.802299	40.722245	15.647941	10.414748	11.283311	18	0.011	balanced	1.38	20.5	low	102	59	true
TSF-20FF22A1	FAC-0219	tanzania	copper	closed	rockfill	centerline	45.060151	39	95.2	53	6.739253	1,989	100	1,993	very_high	2023-07-14	3.435633	29.953623	4.065602	34.547783	1.758566	7.9	0.008	deficit	1.55	7.1	low	640	53	true
TSF-B53EEB24	FAC-0216	south_africa	platinum	inactive	earthfill	downstream	84.9396	67.9	299.9	110.6	7.35656	2,018	30	2,022	very_high	2021-12-31	3.851134	39.96795	17.468449	5	15.337724	3.6	0.016	surplus	1.41	7.8	low	56	57	true
TSF-4404FCEA	FAC-0429	south_africa	iron_ore	active	rockfill	centerline	38.396071	27.4	86.9	32.2	7.881385	1,975	25	2,009	low	2020-05-09	1.980291	11.804687	26.660916	21.750535	20.633532	35.6	0.009	deficit	1.4	10.2	low	269	48	true
TSF-D0C42BC9	FAC-0042	mali	other	inactive	rockfill	downstream	56.892828	34.1	200.2	183.3	11.255334	1,995	30	1,998	significant	2022-02-25	2.638594	16.813321	3.479035	24.093653	30.546634	0.7	0.003	balanced	1.61	24.9	low	24	70	true
TSF-479DEBF0	FAC-0348	mali	coal	active	earthfill	centerline	45.414652	32.3	91.1	68.5	7.706218	1,974	30	2,014	high	2021-11-25	1.959546	45.973754	3.18843	16.822954	13.515179	1.4	0.009	deficit	1.38	7.7	low	4	48	true
TSF-78745A34	FAC-0100	drc	platinum	closed	rockfill	centerline	27.243903	16.1	19.4	13.9	6.530151	1,999	20	2,016	low	2023-08-26	1.817218	24.344071	67.925377	38.532539	28.112601	14.4	0.009	balanced	1.67	12.3	low	153	78	false
TSF-77CE4785	FAC-0047	zambia	platinum	inactive	earthfill	centerline	29.275932	28.6	7.2	4.4	2.541201	1,962	30	1,964	low	2021-06-21	3.198071	27.980968	11.691155	44.165402	1.462409	23.1	0.01	deficit	1.74	16.9	low	191	70	true
TSF-7BBC9CFA	FAC-0263	drc	platinum	active	concrete	downstream	26.161338	15.4	16.7	10.3	4.187749	1,973	25	2,004	very_high	2023-10-03	2.63961	33.940784	15.218834	23.653425	0.453664	3.3	0.003	deficit	1.41	1.1	low	176	72	true
TSF-EBA2D71C	FAC-0487	ghana	platinum	active	earthfill	dry_stack	38.833849	36.1	56.3	45.1	9.222086	2,006	30	2,021	significant	2023-09-11	3.261461	28.773205	1.910498	127.852883	52.817476	16.2	0.009	surplus	1.8	24.7	low	126	61	true
TSF-B455D038	FAC-0367	south_africa	gold	active	rockfill	downstream	25.1918	20.3	32	10.7	8.588323	2,003	20	2,023	significant	2023-01-30	2.162621	38.777924	2.669641	11.51117	10.091763	2.7	0.006	surplus	1.13	20.4	low	93	33	false
TSF-3F8C178A	FAC-0380	south_africa	iron_ore	inactive	earthfill	centerline	43.014606	38.9	117.7	86.4	2.251811	1,976	50	2,016	low	2021-10-24	3.553273	15.042695	9.131416	13.866372	11.658077	21.1	0.025	balanced	1.46	9.8	low	17	60	true
TSF-C5F70431	FAC-0358	south_africa	iron_ore	active	rockfill	downstream	42.146049	39.8	23.5	15.5	4.713667	1,972	20	2,016	high	2020-07-28	1.731499	46.437767	5.055096	14.405059	27.526191	6.8	0.01	surplus	1.47	1	low	346	66	true
TSF-1D280BA9	FAC-0393	tanzania	platinum	inactive	earthfill	upstream	37.453212	33.8	85.4	42.6	3.512042	2,009	25	2,011	significant	2021-01-09	2.265579	7.415723	2.705588	49.562574	5.117936	15.1	0.006	surplus	1.36	20.2	low	122	58	true
TSF-96198C5D	FAC-0256	south_africa	diamond	active	rockfill	downstream	37.845467	30.1	69.6	30.6	22.014625	2,021	25	2,021	high	2021-06-24	1.745975	27.477511	9.767779	26.862056	3.709403	3.2	0.001	deficit	1.64	6.1	low	70	77	false
TSF-DDBAFEC0	FAC-0064	south_africa	iron_ore	active	earthfill	downstream	23.577785	14.9	19.5	16.8	9.033199	1,994	50	2,000	high	2022-08-13	3.045933	49.894368	1.338757	5	2.17471	0.7	0.08	balanced	1.57	8.1	low	10	60	true
TSF-FAF2C6A8	FAC-0419	drc	copper	active	earthfill	upstream	27.961098	23.2	38.3	34.7	10.425746	2,005	100	2,021	high	2024-08-08	5.612515	34.645509	10.008885	15.436043	14.146472	5.9	0.009	surplus	1.52	34.8	medium	4	73	false
TSF-35A727F9	FAC-0225	south_africa	gold	active	concrete	downstream	12.153713	6.1	2.1	0.8	7.004995	2,004	25	2,021	very_high	2023-09-29	3.150197	26.697787	3.002551	12.434376	0.563767	15.5	0.011	deficit	1.51	14.9	low	117	54	true
TSF-A665C152	FAC-0250	south_africa	gold	active	earthfill	upstream	30.817367	21.2	24.6	10.1	4.476934	2,016	20	2,016	significant	2024-04-28	2.60992	47.864322	15.008365	77.808876	19.691372	2.8	0.061	surplus	1.09	52.1	high	77	79	true
TSF-82C0CD44	FAC-0185	drc	copper	inactive	earthfill	dry_stack	18.329527	17	12.9	9.5	5.17401	1,972	30	2,022	high	2021-12-07	2.511838	8.509401	8.175647	10.519459	14.387959	8.3	0.034	deficit	2.04	18.3	low	25	83	true
TSF-93E0AE36	FAC-0091	ghana	copper	closed	rockfill	downstream	35.160084	27.8	14.4	11.6	10.959195	1,995	25	2,001	low	2020-04-13	2.155431	24.007122	12.527781	19.823968	25.242654	4.9	0.026	surplus	1.27	25.8	medium	19	55	true
TSF-309A4200	FAC-0463	zambia	gold	active	earthfill	upstream	21.570066	13.6	16.2	10	6.000976	1,969	20	1,995	significant	2024-06-01	4.229437	45.66005	28.215021	5.700218	35.763105	3.9	0.011	balanced	1.12	51.4	high	97	79	true
TSF-541DBA11	FAC-0390	mali	gold	inactive	concrete	centerline	10	9.5	2.7	2.4	11.050424	1,980	25	2,006	high	2024-08-15	3.20519	35.611036	3.789941	22.782808	3.201101	5.8	0	balanced	1.48	4.8	low	18	68	true
TSF-87D3B7A6	FAC-0321	south_africa	gold	active	earthfill	downstream	127.927767	64.9	1,683.3	1,460.2	8.284436	1,986	25	1,990	significant	2023-03-17	1.391788	21.57963	2.776464	90.527889	23.790095	2.1	0.009	balanced	1.27	48.9	medium	101	50	true
TSF-54721BF1	FAC-0201	mali	coal	inactive	composite	centerline	28.822098	27.1	13.4	5.1	9.359918	2,018	30	2,020	significant	2022-05-22	4.200982	48.989978	24.569374	10.315432	5.632223	5.2	0.023	balanced	1.44	14.6	low	11	67	true
TSF-777F3B43	FAC-0411	mali	coal	active	concrete	downstream	78.90422	69.4	399	156.6	9.74979	1,982	30	1,993	high	2020-07-28	1.918948	39.161174	40.152876	42.328004	13.430388	13.9	0.002	surplus	1.19	32	medium	238	71	true
TSF-8074407B	FAC-0272	tanzania	copper	inactive	earthfill	upstream	24.138454	13.8	5.1	1.8	4.850471	1,961	25	1,983	significant	2023-11-07	2.090965	48.979306	26.613354	17.034654	1.722662	7.3	0.008	deficit	1.19	54.5	high	295	39	true
TSF-F5231C8F	FAC-0221	zambia	gold	active	earthfill	upstream	91.731869	48.8	715.2	621.5	5.761879	1,991	25	2,002	low	2024-10-23	3.192856	31.265633	0.718282	19.773362	0.945454	4.9	0.01	balanced	1	43.6	medium	383	54	true
TSF-698FF9BF	FAC-0225	zambia	gold	active	rockfill	centerline	16.593006	16.2	6.1	4	15.288141	1,986	25	2,003	extreme	2022-05-26	2.13978	5.367979	13.490859	32.993052	4.217086	35.5	0.021	balanced	1.6	26.1	medium	149	69	true
TSF-613FCA98	FAC-0113	zambia	gold	inactive	rockfill	centerline	36.804457	19.6	55.2	50.3	31.85163	2,007	50	2,017	high	2023-07-26	6.666734	48.737315	2.903424	7.351411	1.952032	16.5	0.009	surplus	1.53	10.5	low	15	46	true
TSF-69A1130A	FAC-0046	zimbabwe	copper	active	earthfill	centerline	17.195132	17	10.8	8.4	15.400405	1,960	30	1,967	very_high	2020-06-17	2.470926	42.083173	18.099037	10.875939	6.803655	22.6	0.017	surplus	1.27	36.7	medium	30	41	true
TSF-EB22F6F8	FAC-0277	south_africa	gold	active	earthfill	upstream	157.660804	112	1,758.3	1,364.1	0.793625	2,017	50	2,022	high	2021-02-28	3.501749	29.76329	5.73855	9.731162	43.308158	2.6	0.004	deficit	1.04	67.2	high	76	80	true
TSF-A487C109	FAC-0443	mauritania	copper	active	earthfill	centerline	28.515366	19.3	24.6	9.4	4.029337	2,006	100	2,008	significant	2023-01-26	1.46551	12.240103	5.279849	77.688602	23.829025	21.7	0.01	surplus	1.39	12.2	low	18	95	true
TSF-E824966D	FAC-0031	zambia	other	under_construction	rockfill	downstream	54.438495	44.9	114.9	42.6	8.099266	1,997	30	2,013	very_high	2021-07-11	2.124395	44.642207	4.989486	46.686914	4.573787	4.4	0.006	balanced	1.44	8.5	low	41	74	true
TSF-1C7CFB7D	FAC-0429	tanzania	platinum	active	rockfill	centerline	43.395097	32.5	80.6	73	3.069228	2,014	100	2,015	extreme	2020-07-02	2.579603	33.680938	4.055674	44.266578	6.430743	18	0	deficit	1.65	17.1	low	51	62	false
TSF-DE16A48E	FAC-0413	ghana	coal	active	earthfill	upstream	32.612336	22.7	45.9	28.2	2.956275	1,974	25	2,018	very_high	2022-04-29	4.050044	5.136527	2.056242	45.072499	7.838203	4.9	0.003	balanced	1.02	48	medium	349	57	true
TSF-4D25FC5A	FAC-0138	south_africa	gold	closed	rockfill	centerline	45.178979	37.1	114.8	108.6	5.285814	1,985	25	1,997	significant	2023-07-24	1.767409	27.220064	5.040177	38.361754	1.769537	8.3	0.014	balanced	1.69	8	low	74	78	true
TSF-0F440FAF	FAC-0315	drc	gold	inactive	rockfill	dry_stack	74.851321	50.5	62.4	31.8	9.740166	1,978	30	1,978	very_high	2020-02-08	4.39194	49.20428	8.425566	5.48279	13.676253	12.7	0.091	balanced	1.7	15.3	low	40	57	true
TSF-3C0B74A1	FAC-0082	drc	other	active	composite	upstream	49.448096	25.6	72.1	50.8	12.109972	1,977	25	1,981	high	2021-10-10	2.86031	31.369967	32.960054	12.464565	14.478744	36.5	0	balanced	1.2	42.7	medium	324	86	true
TSF-9437C43C	FAC-0379	ghana	copper	inactive	earthfill	centerline	36.505865	33.3	40	26.9	5.507565	2,017	30	2,019	significant	2024-05-29	3.098687	36.982754	12.331922	16.882711	3.861232	3.9	0.002	balanced	1.25	27.3	medium	11	71	false
TSF-C2BC745E	FAC-0350	ghana	platinum	active	earthfill	downstream	45.222455	34.2	26.3	9.1	5.179456	2,016	50	2,023	high	2020-03-28	2.01751	34.612252	5.53076	22.324575	21.056674	29.6	0.04	balanced	1.43	5.3	low	130	76	true
TSF-402AD0A7	FAC-0177	south_africa	other	active	earthfill	upstream	104.482878	88.1	878.8	560	3.762391	1,973	100	1,987	low	2020-05-24	1.847679	28.343249	5.136609	8.902301	11.959133	42.9	0.04	surplus	1.05	44.6	medium	75	74	true
TSF-645DD48E	FAC-0033	drc	platinum	active	rockfill	upstream	25.788116	20.3	19.5	17.6	11.085938	1,975	30	1,999	significant	2024-07-16	1.137747	36.144012	0.373025	6.630137	31.456678	0.2	0.007	surplus	1.31	52.5	high	274	55	false
TSF-ECB91FEA	FAC-0485	ghana	copper	closed	earthfill	centerline	10.888072	8.8	0.4	0.2	10.505636	1,965	50	2,009	extreme	2020-11-04	3.064468	13.809389	4.993367	8.647853	7.390779	10.9	0.003	balanced	1.72	22.6	low	91	83	true
TSF-E26817DE	FAC-0222	mauritania	platinum	closed	earthfill	upstream	17.151736	10.5	8.3	5	15.266126	1,969	30	1,981	low	2022-09-09	3.493493	20.206681	8.451501	10.94879	0.460907	103.3	0.004	balanced	1.72	34.7	medium	314	73	true
TSF-C4E8E825	FAC-0446	south_africa	gold	active	rockfill	upstream	17.934494	17.3	5.6	4.2	8.197277	2,018	30	2,022	high	2022-08-22	2.35195	45.024058	4.008019	14.965576	8.227833	131.9	0.001	surplus	1.28	62.5	high	16	46	true
TSF-45FD8CA3	FAC-0338	ghana	gold	active	rockfill	centerline	19.515953	14.1	12.9	10.4	2.58839	1,972	25	1,993	low	2022-12-17	1.442818	17.143191	4.363438	28.242563	16.110687	5.6	0.064	balanced	1.55	14.7	low	106	48	true
TSF-C0E79613	FAC-0389	south_africa	gold	active	earthfill	downstream	19.922621	19.1	4.7	3.9	5.589495	1,961	30	2,017	low	2023-12-05	2.17614	23.753614	0.617549	17.756474	1.796657	13.5	0.003	deficit	1.54	6.3	low	78	32	true
TSF-CBCB4978	FAC-0379	drc	diamond	active	earthfill	centerline	32.64985	29.5	6.2	3.7	14.666055	2,015	25	2,021	very_high	2023-03-10	3.155797	9.652164	1.839533	53.237924	4.759207	2.7	0.002	surplus	1.85	9.6	low	405	63	true
TSF-E82CBB91	FAC-0097	drc	iron_ore	active	earthfill	downstream	38.415106	33	16.5	9.7	1.843408	2,007	50	2,012	very_high	2024-08-16	2.92593	46.872025	2.459245	33.009078	12.417707	14.3	0.024	deficit	1.5	9	low	41	62	true
TSF-0A90648C	FAC-0181	zambia	gold	inactive	earthfill	downstream	38.168212	27.9	45.3	27.5	6.904252	2,004	20	2,013	significant	2023-02-24	3.556532	17.119527	3.585416	15.659379	18.629819	140.5	0.007	surplus	1.32	22.1	low	30	79	true
TSF-C875C93E	FAC-0233	mauritania	gold	active	earthfill	centerline	21.366692	10.9	16.6	15.4	9.282402	1,969	50	2,016	extreme	2020-07-26	1.423384	31.143461	0.3533	28.771019	8.481744	5.4	0.005	balanced	1.46	24.2	low	27	91	false
TSF-B33F04C4	FAC-0248	south_africa	iron_ore	closed	earthfill	upstream	60.119848	39.5	182.9	165.3	36.706356	1,961	30	1,984	high	2022-12-13	2.311736	22.944727	6.111306	18.490792	32.289752	53.1	0.052	surplus	1.04	64.8	high	21	73	true
TSF-FC1FD683	FAC-0021	zimbabwe	uranium	active	earthfill	upstream	45.634933	38	16.2	11.4	4.56815	2,001	20	2,013	low	2020-01-28	2.611524	20.602527	6.752576	12.534479	12.942258	3.1	0.022	surplus	1.64	28	medium	57	38	true
TSF-7FCC7A30	FAC-0273	south_africa	gold	active	concrete	downstream	85.522986	56.9	433.9	210.4	6.703692	1,995	50	2,019	high	2021-11-18	3.501738	12.568974	11.144343	21.049621	2.890588	4.9	0.001	surplus	1.59	19	low	37	74	true
TSF-476F7428	FAC-0077	south_africa	copper	active	concrete	dry_stack	55.039804	30.2	121.7	107.7	28.505054	1,971	30	1,979	high	2023-06-12	2.135389	49.821092	4.807083	27.995169	29.387262	11.6	0.025	surplus	2	14.7	low	44	57	false
TSF-DC30BD38	FAC-0371	drc	diamond	inactive	earthfill	downstream	26.850406	20.4	31	12.7	4.615138	1,988	50	2,018	very_high	2024-09-24	3.366791	18.013471	16.856405	44.825372	3.120031	6.4	0.034	balanced	1.35	14.2	low	1	67	false
TSF-DB2808B8	FAC-0341	south_africa	diamond	active	rockfill	dry_stack	72.478719	41.8	150.1	55.4	17.457417	2,016	20	2,022	significant	2021-05-01	1.859388	22.83927	44.010291	117.244135	17.246752	0.5	0.009	balanced	1.9	8.6	low	26	86	true
TSF-D3C3C84C	FAC-0461	zambia	uranium	active	earthfill	centerline	39.023017	25.5	72.1	41.1	10.116103	2,016	25	2,020	low	2020-06-22	2.964767	13.672817	1.808222	55.614516	8.895171	12	0.007	surplus	1.47	4.3	low	63	53	true
TSF-8DE0D9EA	FAC-0372	zambia	gold	active	concrete	downstream	53.452167	40.1	141.7	105.6	6.19158	1,963	50	1,977	low	2020-08-26	2.417446	33.240903	2.121537	9.041789	4.182156	1.1	0.009	balanced	1.13	33.4	medium	3	44	true
TSF-290214DB	FAC-0183	zimbabwe	gold	inactive	concrete	downstream	51.022047	28.5	124.6	41.6	10.604662	1,962	30	1,970	extreme	2021-12-30	2.361743	8.877736	10.330133	5.604215	10.427474	66.6	0.049	surplus	1.26	55.7	high	25	64	false
TSF-F9285AFE	FAC-0483	drc	copper	closed	rockfill	upstream	30.735185	17.1	24.7	12.4	6.566563	1,979	25	2,013	extreme	2020-01-08	7.13674	34.832506	13.277466	56.53965	2.132372	20.6	0.007	balanced	1.36	30.7	medium	201	42	true
TSF-D32140E9	FAC-0205	zambia	gold	active	rockfill	downstream	35.232263	21.3	8.3	6.7	44.981501	2,007	30	2,013	low	2021-07-30	2.379391	27.638929	2.184051	18.186486	7.235561	28.4	0.021	balanced	1.98	1.6	low	34	63	true
TSF-414A3CA6	FAC-0162	ghana	diamond	active	earthfill	upstream	30.605362	24.4	14.1	10.3	1.415602	2,009	25	2,017	low	2024-10-01	2.295332	34.136832	39.91855	11.434603	25.7297	7.3	0.014	balanced	1.48	34.2	medium	111	66	true
TSF-E2590298	FAC-0452	south_africa	gold	active	earthfill	downstream	19.85056	19.2	15.3	5.4	5.894541	1,992	100	1,994	very_high	2021-10-11	1.537479	5.210997	2.878993	74.090288	3.383875	26.7	0.045	balanced	1.63	18.2	low	371	39	true
TSF-98CC9FFD	FAC-0185	south_africa	platinum	active	earthfill	upstream	10	6.2	2.1	0.9	6.034391	1,995	25	2,009	very_high	2023-08-13	4.039169	35.306821	5.782036	17.282159	5.191209	1.5	0.019	deficit	1.6	32.9	medium	1	55	false
TSF-C7768953	FAC-0038	zambia	uranium	under_construction	earthfill	dry_stack	21.839422	18.8	14	10.8	6.637968	1,989	30	1,991	high	2020-09-30	2.187063	7.055514	14.403587	18.385243	2.667726	2.4	0.025	balanced	1.68	7.3	low	36	80	false
TSF-9154477F	FAC-0234	mauritania	other	active	rockfill	downstream	37.318881	22.2	49.5	18.6	17.537469	1,986	25	2,006	high	2021-09-09	2.683672	46.28742	31.033587	12.04868	5.850262	30.4	0.002	balanced	1.62	9.3	low	109	86	true
TSF-05B1FE05	FAC-0397	south_africa	iron_ore	inactive	earthfill	downstream	63.519753	51.9	55.2	16.9	5.167405	1,967	25	2,014	significant	2022-04-30	1.939218	40.704065	2.730266	5	1.255379	19.2	0.026	balanced	1.27	24.7	low	245	84	true
TSF-78DA445B	FAC-0094	drc	other	closed	earthfill	downstream	53.388427	30.4	87.2	82.4	10.953205	1,987	30	2,023	very_high	2022-12-12	3.210076	10.575634	15.502203	9.601392	5.454391	35.8	0.037	surplus	1.5	13.9	low	119	82	true
TSF-CB013A7A	FAC-0231	zimbabwe	gold	inactive	rockfill	upstream	28.000774	25.8	27.7	19.4	8.892189	2,022	20	2,023	significant	2022-08-30	3.946899	30.031853	6.62067	12.075798	6.115653	12.9	0.019	deficit	1.16	54.3	high	19	69	true
TSF-44536817	FAC-0064	tanzania	copper	active	rockfill	downstream	22.018742	19.2	4.9	2.8	14.451254	1,991	25	2,010	very_high	2024-05-21	4.588057	48.058695	1.702817	5.409178	14.795595	35.5	0.003	surplus	1.68	2.6	low	180	41	true
TSF-707D1AE4	FAC-0343	drc	gold	inactive	rockfill	centerline	29.727587	25	45.4	31.2	6.62105	1,997	30	2,017	very_high	2024-10-05	2.594406	15.917949	4.004322	21.406809	6.496305	25.7	0.009	surplus	1.09	32.2	medium	42	76	true
TSF-AC4D2864	FAC-0237	zambia	other	active	rockfill	downstream	18.448741	9.4	2.5	1.8	9.561703	2,022	30	2,022	high	2024-06-29	2.143891	8.270961	2.215382	24.86546	12.09775	49.4	0.001	surplus	1.3	9.7	low	45	62	true
TSF-2FE14D20	FAC-0165	zimbabwe	uranium	active	concrete	downstream	10	9.2	2.3	1.4	6.694245	1,961	100	2,004	extreme	2023-09-12	2.088767	24.01375	14.617056	41.58746	34.610044	186.9	0.016	balanced	1.79	35.5	medium	299	30	true
TSF-0C2AE447	FAC-0113	tanzania	gold	under_construction	earthfill	centerline	13.103944	7.5	2.3	1.7	3.357367	2,002	30	2,023	significant	2022-08-20	2.737542	11.219359	1.778787	10.964469	31.853467	0.6	0	balanced	1.7	22	low	23	70	true
TSF-BB7BD14A	FAC-0282	south_africa	gold	active	rockfill	upstream	75.553787	57.9	441.5	335.8	26.555296	1,976	20	1,983	extreme	2023-05-09	3.008542	39.989552	11.424375	5	0.865247	1	0.028	surplus	1.32	42	medium	22	63	true
TSF-A01BFF75	FAC-0334	mali	copper	active	earthfill	centerline	100.924321	89.7	876.1	365	4.015865	1,990	20	1,999	very_high	2024-08-16	3.379455	46.046711	7.270069	15.454939	3.338338	4	0.002	balanced	1.6	5.3	low	44	66	true
TSF-9DE2237F	FAC-0470	south_africa	gold	active	earthfill	upstream	52.058318	42.5	79.3	45.6	5.039011	1,960	30	2,023	significant	2023-04-05	1.937242	25.232301	10.288969	7.383088	0.501959	2.3	0.006	balanced	1.36	34.8	medium	130	52	true
TSF-C9748C83	FAC-0218	tanzania	coal	active	composite	centerline	31.979927	29.1	30.3	15.1	3.723046	1,980	25	2,000	high	2023-09-26	2.868422	49.905879	7.34539	19.665862	1.416619	8.7	0.005	balanced	1.97	15.9	low	64	52	true
TSF-02C34C96	FAC-0080	south_africa	gold	inactive	earthfill	dry_stack	14.356629	12.3	7.6	6.2	10.192143	1,994	25	2,015	high	2023-02-17	1.808133	13.55384	3.05623	40.209544	12.627118	3.5	0.001	balanced	1.85	5.2	low	103	67	true
TSF-E495D3E9	FAC-0416	south_africa	coal	closed	earthfill	centerline	30.06377	26.4	32.5	26	5.04033	1,991	100	2,018	very_high	2022-09-11	2.581063	46.299788	10.764255	13.140027	15.430562	23.1	0.039	balanced	1.59	2.8	low	38	61	false
TSF-056C1FCB	FAC-0314	south_africa	platinum	inactive	earthfill	upstream	47.803724	31	16.9	14	24.833504	1,984	50	2,022	low	2022-01-16	4.750489	19.556621	8.3576	18.964636	5.4755	32.8	0.022	balanced	1.2	39.5	medium	160	61	true
TSF-23CAC661	FAC-0350	ghana	copper	active	composite	downstream	54.485181	37.6	177.7	103.8	11.326674	2,018	25	2,018	low	2021-11-17	2.481322	45.584926	4.385991	5	17.349374	4.7	0	balanced	1.52	16	low	212	50	true
TSF-C106023F	FAC-0048	ghana	gold	active	concrete	centerline	50.06322	37.6	76.5	51.6	5.921107	1,973	20	1,991	high	2021-11-25	1.908267	45.70147	95.202387	14.713098	5.7478	14.3	0.01	surplus	1.22	24.9	low	134	46	true
TSF-442BB9B0	FAC-0156	south_africa	other	active	earthfill	downstream	68.425177	54.3	136.8	103.8	3.568694	1,973	50	1,984	significant	2024-08-13	3.127404	20.699232	2.251638	72.495063	1.856219	37.2	0.001	balanced	1.55	6.2	low	6	54	true
TSF-12014759	FAC-0383	drc	platinum	active	rockfill	downstream	106.247509	89.9	1,001.9	510.3	6.762784	1,996	30	2,018	significant	2020-09-23	3.887572	5.912725	12.185565	31.38674	7.142316	16.7	0.028	balanced	1.59	2.5	low	32	76	true
TSF-C6A1E84E	FAC-0416	ghana	copper	closed	earthfill	downstream	25.971157	20.2	33.8	31.6	11.201239	1,981	25	2,018	low	2020-12-16	1.998668	18.618113	13.29783	10.750079	3.288545	1.8	0.006	balanced	1.56	14	low	13	75	true
TSF-AFC3C504	FAC-0217	zimbabwe	copper	inactive	rockfill	upstream	178.25003	152.4	670.5	366.2	7.122738	1,977	30	2,017	low	2022-01-26	1.580903	24.63501	5.510591	8.182608	1.975102	15.7	0.004	deficit	1.55	24.4	low	33	38	true
TSF-767620F4	FAC-0402	mali	uranium	closed	earthfill	downstream	10	5.8	1.4	0.9	6.604269	1,964	50	1,971	high	2022-09-06	1.96444	49.271366	9.423789	19.679828	1.435485	16.7	0.063	balanced	1.78	14.8	low	87	65	true
TSF-483BF0E9	FAC-0420	zambia	coal	closed	earthfill	upstream	20.75969	14.5	7	5.9	3.26619	1,992	20	2,013	high	2020-08-24	2.279883	36.037258	11.490776	30.177288	5.793518	2.2	0.008	balanced	1.59	21.9	low	2	55	true
TSF-622315EB	FAC-0193	south_africa	coal	active	rockfill	downstream	37.337573	35.7	78.5	61.7	44.456791	1,999	50	2,011	low	2020-08-27	4.989102	33.56817	6.832972	10.870359	1.158131	19.5	0.002	surplus	1.27	37.6	medium	73	95	true
TSF-E593AD0F	FAC-0449	south_africa	platinum	inactive	composite	downstream	46.035625	28	128.5	80.4	6.290943	1,995	50	2,016	high	2021-08-10	1.550201	34.033116	4.208525	17.198784	30.134904	9.4	0.036	balanced	1.67	23.9	low	46	53	true
TSF-179CB004	FAC-0144	mali	diamond	inactive	earthfill	upstream	29.696186	17	44.4	25.1	2.460553	2,008	30	2,010	high	2020-08-28	1.38034	22.83186	6.791456	5	10.10828	2.9	0.004	surplus	1.42	36.7	medium	125	51	true
TSF-78992CFC	FAC-0119	south_africa	gold	under_construction	earthfill	upstream	24.594933	21.5	4.2	3	3.126651	2,001	100	2,003	extreme	2023-12-15	3.030613	36.033251	4.014115	38.481631	16.44342	179.7	0.007	deficit	1.49	44.6	medium	126	52	true
TSF-FADA76D3	FAC-0341	ghana	iron_ore	active	composite	dry_stack	124.157541	74.1	252.8	147.4	5.610938	1,999	25	2,007	very_high	2020-04-17	2.044767	17.585196	29.003797	10.124578	10.251875	12.9	0.024	surplus	1.76	0.8	low	247	84	true
TSF-3BFB851F	FAC-0318	mali	copper	inactive	earthfill	downstream	23.900191	17.4	16.9	11.6	35.016546	1,979	50	1,994	very_high	2024-02-14	1.82838	38.8534	17.660222	33.352067	5.015066	26.6	0.004	surplus	1.52	2.5	low	417	38	true
TSF-B9816502	FAC-0069	mauritania	platinum	active	earthfill	downstream	17.964105	15.4	3.5	2.9	6.447407	2,011	30	2,021	extreme	2021-07-12	3.525021	34.332681	7.940827	26.542401	2.228895	5.3	0.006	surplus	1.35	18	low	1	48	false

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African Tailings Dam Risk Dataset

Dataset Description

Overview

This dataset provides synthetic monitoring records and risk assessments for tailings storage facilities (TSFs) across African mining operations. Tailings dams represent one of the most significant environmental and safety risks in mining, with catastrophic failures causing loss of life and long-term environmental damage.

The dataset captures dam characteristics, geotechnical monitoring data, environmental conditions, and risk indicators aligned with the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM).

Dataset Statistics

Attribute	Value
Records	5,000
Variables	31
Temporal Coverage	2020-2024
Geographic Scope	8 African countries
Facility Count	~500 unique TSFs
Format	CSV, Parquet

Data Schema

Variable Dictionary

Variable	Type	Description	Value Range/Categories
`record_id`	string	Unique monitoring record ID	TSF-XXXXXXXX
`facility_id`	string	Tailings facility identifier	FAC-XXXX
`country`	categorical	Country of facility	south_africa, ghana, drc, zambia, zimbabwe, tanzania, mali, mauritania
`commodity`	categorical	Primary commodity	gold, copper, platinum, iron_ore, coal, diamond, uranium, other
`operational_status`	categorical	Facility status	active, inactive, closed, under_construction
`dam_type`	categorical	Dam construction type	earthfill, rockfill, concrete, composite
`construction_method`	categorical	Raise method (critical for stability)	upstream, downstream, centerline, dry_stack
`max_height_m`	float	Maximum design height	10-250 meters
`current_height_m`	float	Current embankment height	meters
`storage_capacity_mm3`	float	Total storage capacity	million m³
`current_volume_mm3`	float	Current stored volume	million m³
`catchment_area_km2`	float	Contributing catchment area	km²
`year_constructed`	integer	Initial construction year	1960-2023
`design_life_years`	integer	Designed operational life	20-100 years
`last_raise_year`	integer	Year of most recent raise	Year
`consequence_classification`	categorical	Failure consequence class	extreme, very_high, high, significant, low
`monitoring_date`	datetime	Date of monitoring record	2020-01-01 to 2024-12-31
`freeboard_m`	float	Water surface to crest distance	0.5-10 meters
`piezometer_level_m`	float	Phreatic surface height	meters
`seepage_rate_lpm`	float	Measured seepage rate	liters per minute
`settlement_mm`	float	Cumulative crest settlement	millimeters
`inclinometer_displacement_mm`	float	Lateral displacement	millimeters
`rainfall_24h_mm`	float	24-hour precipitation	millimeters
`earthquake_pga`	float	Peak ground acceleration	g (gravitational)
`water_balance_status`	categorical	Water management status	surplus, balanced, deficit
`factor_of_safety`	float	Calculated stability FoS	0.8-2.5
`risk_score`	float	Composite risk score	0-100
`risk_category`	categorical	Risk classification	low, medium, high, critical
`last_inspection_days_ago`	integer	Days since last inspection	1-730 days
`governance_score`	integer	Management system score	20-100
`has_eap`	boolean	Emergency Action Plan exists	True/False

Methodology

Tailings Dam Risk Framework

The dataset models risk factors identified in major tailings dam failures and GISTM requirements:

Construction Method Risk Ranking:

Method	Risk Level	Prevalence	Notes
Upstream	Highest	35%	Sequential raises on tailings beach; liquefaction vulnerable
Centerline	Medium	25%	Raises vertically; moderate stability
Downstream	Lower	30%	Raises downstream; best stability
Dry Stack	Lowest	10%	Filtered tailings; no impoundment

Key Risk Indicators Modeled:

Factor of Safety (FoS): Ratio of resisting to driving forces
- Critical threshold: FoS < 1.3
- Upstream dams: Mean FoS reduced by 0.2
- Dry stack: Mean FoS increased by 0.3
Freeboard: Buffer against overtopping
- Critical threshold: < 1.5 meters
Seepage: Indicator of internal erosion
- Warning threshold: > 100 LPM
Displacement: Slope movement indicator
- Warning threshold: > 30 mm cumulative

Historical Context

Major African tailings incidents informing risk modeling:

Merriespruit (South Africa, 1994): 17 fatalities, upstream dam
Samarco analogs: Liquefaction failure modes
Regional seismicity considerations

Sensor Correlation Structure

Monitoring parameters are correlated to reflect realistic failure precursors:

Rainfall → Piezometer rise → Seepage increase → Settlement/displacement
Seismic events → Pore pressure spike → Stability reduction

Limitations

Simplified Geotechnics: Complex soil mechanics reduced to statistical distributions
Sensor Density: Real TSFs have hundreds of instruments; dataset simplified
Failure Events: Actual failures not explicitly modeled (rare events)
Site Specificity: Generic African context; site investigations required
Climate Projections: Historical patterns; climate change effects not modeled
Governance Proxies: Management quality simplified to single score

Ethical Considerations

Public Safety: Tailings failures can kill hundreds and devastate communities
Environmental Justice: Downstream communities often marginalized
Corporate Accountability: Dataset should not be used to obscure real risks
Regulatory Implications: Not a substitute for proper engineering assessment
Transparency: Supports calls for public disclosure of TSF risks

Intended Uses

Appropriate Uses

Development of early warning algorithms
Research on risk indicator correlations
Educational demonstrations of dam safety monitoring
Benchmarking ML approaches for anomaly detection
Policy research on tailings governance

Inappropriate Uses

Actual dam safety assessments
Regulatory compliance certification
Insurance or liability determinations
Investment decisions on specific facilities
Replacing qualified geotechnical engineering

Citation

@dataset{electric_sheep_africa_tailings_dam_2024,
  title = {African Tailings Dam Risk Dataset},
  author = {Electric Sheep Africa},
  year = {2024},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/african-mining-tailings-dam},
  note = {Synthetic dataset for tailings dam risk research aligned with GISTM}
}

References

ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams). (2001). Tailings Dams: Risk of Dangerous Occurrences. Bulletin 121.
Global Tailings Review. (2020). Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM). ICMM, UNEP, PRI.
Santamarina, J.C., Torres-Cruz, L.A., & Bachus, R.C. (2019). Why coal ash and tailings dam disasters occur. Science, 364(6440), 526-528.
Bowker, L.N., & Chambers, D.M. (2015). The risk, public liability, & economics of tailings storage facility failures. Earthwork Act.
Franks, D.M., et al. (2021). Tailings facility disclosures reveal stability risks. Scientific Reports, 11, 5353.