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The reduced vacancy concentration in nanocrystals can negatively affect the motion of dislocations, since dislocation climb requires vacancy migration. In addition, there exists a very high internal pressure due to the surface stress present in small nanoparticles with high radii of curvature. This causes a lattice str... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Albert Ernest Alexander was born on 5 January 1914 in Ringwood, Hampshire, the sixth of seven children of William Albert Alexander, a master builder, and Beatrice (née Daw), formerly a teacher. He attended Brockenhurst County School, from where he gained a place in 1931 at the University of Reading. He graduated in 193... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Alkaline salts are often the major component of alkaline dishwasher detergent powders.
These salts may include:
*alkali metasilicates
*alkali metal hydroxides
*Sodium carbonate
*Sodium Bicarbonate
Examples of other strongly alkaline salts, include:
*Sodium percarbonate
*Sodium persilicate (?)
*Potassium metabisulfite | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Traditional plasticizers are lignosulphonates as their sodium salts. Superplasticizers are synthetic polymers. Compounds used as superplasticizers include (1) sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate, sulfonated melamine formaldehyde condensate, acetone formaldehyde condensate and (2) polycarboxylates ethers. Cr... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Indium sulfide is usually prepared by direct combination of the elements.
Production from volatile complexes of indium and sulfur, for example dithiocarbamates (e.g. EtInSCNEt), has been explored for vapor deposition techniques.
Thin films of the beta complex can be grown by chemical spray pyrolysis. Solutions of In(I... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In 1941, Kê married He Yizhen, a physicist who would specialize in amorphous physics was metallic glass, and was a founder of the Institute of Metal Research and Institute of Solid State Physics. They developed a competitive relationship with one another due to their studies in the same field.
The couple met at Yenchi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Albert studied Chemistry at the University of Bonn from 1985 to 1990. She worked on her dissertation in the group of until 1995. With the help of the Feodor Lynen Fellowship of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, she worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Materials Research Laboratory of the University of Californi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Kanatzidis was born in Thessaloniki, Greece. He received his B.S. degree from Aristotle University in 1979 and his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1984 (with Dimitri Coucouvanis). He spent two years at the University of Iowa from 1980 to 1982 and then moved to the University of Michigan when Coucouvanis moved ther... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Class B foams are designed for class B fires—flammable liquids. The use of class A foam on a class B fire may yield unexpected results, as class A foams are not designed to contain the explosive vapours produced by flammable liquids. Class B foams have two major subtypes. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Cocrystals may be characterized in a wide variety of ways. Powder X-Ray diffraction proves to be the most commonly used method in order to characterize cocrystals. It is easily seen that a unique compound is formed and if it could possibly be a cocrystal or not owing to each compound having its own distinct powder di... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
After synthesizing and purifying the core, the carbohydrate layer is added to its surface. Common coating materials are typically polyhydroxy oligomers such as cellobiose, citrate, lactose, and sucrose. This layer seems to be important for the properties of aquasomes, as it influences several drug characteristics inclu... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Due to Brownian motion particles randomly move through the liquid. And hence better transport of heat.
Although it was originally believed that the fluid motions resulting from Brownian motion of the nanoparticles could explain the enhancement in heat transfer properties, this hypothesis was later rejected. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
When the Na (sodium) predominates, soils can become sodic. The pH of sodic soils may be acidic, neutral or alkaline.
Sodic soils present particular challenges because they tend to have very poor structure which limits or prevents water infiltration and drainage. They tend to accumulate certain elements like boron and ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Rainer Waser (born September 16, 1955, in Frankfurt) is a German professor of Electrical Engineering at RWTH Aachen University. He is also director of the section Electronic Materials at the Peter Grünberg Institute which is located on the campus of Jülich Research Center (Forschungszentrum Jülich). His research and te... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Paul Francis McMillan (3 June 1956 – 2 February 2022) was a British chemist who held the Sir William Ramsay Chair of Chemistry at University College London. His research considered the study of matter under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, with a focus on phase transitions, amorphisation, and the study o... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Permittivity is typically associated with dielectric materials, however metals are described as having an effective permittivity, with real relative permittivity equal to one. In the high-frequency region, which extends from radio frequencies to the far infrared and terahertz region, the plasma frequency of the electro... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Cava was educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where he was awarded Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in Materials Science and Engineering in 1974 followed by a PhD in ceramics in 1978. His PhD was supervised by Bernhardt J. Wuensch and investigated the electrical mobility of ions ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
*1944 H.G. Smith Medal, Royal Australian Chemical Institute
*1945 Syme Research Prize, University of Melbourne
*1953 Elected FRS
*1954 Elected FAA
*1965 Matthew Flinders Medal and Lecture
*1973 Davy Medal, Royal Society of London
*1974–1976 President of the Dalton Division of the Chemical Society
*1975 Award for Solid... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Latex paints (emulsion paints British English, not to be confused with latex rubber) are an emulsion of polymer particles dispersed in water. Macroemulsions in latex paint are inherently unstable and phase separate, so surfactants are added to lower interfacial tension and stabilize polymer particles to prevent demuls... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) is a single-particle technique used to measure the size, concentration and zeta potential of particles as they pass through a size-tunable nanopore.
The technique adapts the principle of resistive pulse sensing, which monitors current flow through an aperture, combined with the us... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Highly contaminated drinking water has been detected at several locations in Sweden. Such locations include Arvidsjaur, Lulnäset, Uppsala and Visby. In 2013, PFAS were detected at high concentrations in one of the two municipality drinking water treatment plants in the town of Ronneby, in southern Sweden. Concentration... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
*Padma Bhushan (1964)
*Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) (1943 Birthday Honours)
*Fellow of Indian Academy of Science, Bangalore, Indian Chemical Association and Royal Society of Chemistry (London)
*Founder Secretary, Indian Chemical Society, President (1935–36), Indian Society of Soil Science
*Member,... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Silver nanoparticles are inserted into the 3D polymeric networks of nanocomposite hydrogels for applications in antibacterial activity and improvement in electrical conductance. The presence of silver ions either stop the respiratory enzyme from transferring electrons to oxygen molecules during respiration or prevent p... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Magnesium diboride is the inorganic compound with the formula MgB. It is a dark gray, water-insoluble solid. The compound has attracted attention because it becomes superconducting at 39 K (−234 °C). In terms of its composition, MgB differs strikingly from most low-temperature superconductors, which feature mainly tran... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The carbides of the group 4, 5 and 6 transition metals (with the exception of chromium) are often described as interstitial compounds. These carbides have metallic properties and are refractory. Some exhibit a range of stoichiometries, being a non-stoichiometric mixture of various carbides arising due to crystal defect... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Used as moderate blue coloring agent in blue flame compositions with additional chlorine donors and oxidizers such as chlorates and perchlorates. Providing oxygen it can be used as flash powder oxidizer with metal fuels such as magnesium, aluminium, or magnalium powder. Sometimes it is used in strobe effects and thermi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS) is a commonly used method for obtaining colloidal solution of nanoparticles in a variety of solvents. Nanoparticles (NPs,), are useful in chemistry, engineering and biochemistry due to their large surface-to-volume ratio that causes them to have unique physical properties. L... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
FeO is ferrimagnetic with a Curie temperature of . There is a phase transition at , called Verwey transition where there is a discontinuity in the structure, conductivity and magnetic properties. This effect has been extensively investigated and whilst various explanations have been proposed, it does not appear to be f... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As a significant product of copper mining, copper(II) oxide is the starting point for the production of other copper salts. For example, many wood preservatives are produced from copper oxide.
Cupric oxide is used as a pigment in ceramics to produce blue, red, and green, and sometimes gray, pink, or black glazes.
It is... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Fogbank (stylized as FOGBANK) is a code name given to a secret material used in the W76, W78 and W88 nuclear warheads that are part of the United States nuclear arsenal. The process to create Fogbank was lost by 2000, when it was needed for the refurbishment of old warheads. Fogbank was then reverse engineered by the N... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Despite the synthesis method employed, PtSi forms in the same way. When pure platinum is first heated with silicon, is formed. Once all the available Pt and Si are used and the only available surfaces are , the silicide will begin the slower reaction of converting into PtSi. The activation energy for the reaction is ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
This rationalization is simple and preserves the double-bond nature of the group 13 or 14 atom interaction. The multiple bond is not exactly a typical σ+π interaction; rather the two halves of the alkyne analogue are treated as singlet bent monomers and the multiple bond is treated as an aggregation between them, with ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Long-range order has been observed in thin films of colloidal liquids under oil—with the faceted edge of an emerging single crystal in alignment with the diffuse streaking pattern in the liquid phase. Structural defects have been directly observed in the ordered solid phase as well as at the interface of the solid and ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Water has long been a universal agent for suppressing fires, but is not best in all cases. For example, water is typically ineffective on oil fires, and can be dangerous. Fire-fighting foams were developed for extinguishing oil fires.
In 1902, a method of extinguishing flammable liquid fires by blanketing them with foa... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The high symmetry of the double-cone topology of the linear E ⊗ e JT system directly reflects the high underlying symmetry. It is one of the earliest (if not the earliest) examples in the literature of a conical intersection of potential energy surfaces. Conical intersections have received wide attention in the literat... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Examples of halide compounds are:
* Sodium chloride (NaCl)
* Potassium chloride (KCl)
* Potassium iodide (KI)
* Lithium chloride (LiCl)
* Copper(II) chloride ()
* Silver chloride (AgCl)
* Calcium chloride ()
* Chlorine fluoride (ClF)
* Organohalides
** Bromomethane ()
** Iodoform ()
* Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
*Hydrogen ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Trimethylglycine, a betaine, is used as a dietary supplement, although there is no evidence that it is effective or safe. Common side effects of taking oral betaine include nausea and stomach upset. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
"Nanoscale" is usually understood to be the range from 1 to 100 nm because the novel properties that differentiate particles from the bulk material typically develop at that range of sizes.
For some properties, like transparency or turbidity, ultrafiltration, stable dispersion, etc., substantial changes characteristic ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The desalination process consists of the separation of salts from an aqueous solution to obtain fresh water from a source of seawater or brackish water; and in turn, a discharge is generated, commonly called brine. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A miniemulsion (also known as nanoemulsion) is a particular type of emulsion. A miniemulsion is obtained by shearing a mixture comprising two immiscible liquid phases (for example, oil and water), one or more surfactants and, possibly, one or more co-surfactants (typical examples are hexadecane or cetyl alcohol). They ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Micellar solubilization is widely utilized, e.g. in laundry washing using detergents, in the pharmaceutical industry, for formulations of poorly soluble drugs in solution form, and in cleanup of oil spills using dispersants. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Due to their properties (primarily large, tuneable band gaps and efficient intercalation of salts) graphitic carbon nitrides are under research for a variety of applications:
* Photocatalysts
** Decomposition of water to H and O
** Degradation of pollutants
* Large band gap semiconductor
* Heterogeneous catalyst and su... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The historical term for the relative permittivity is dielectric constant. It is still commonly used, but has been deprecated by standards organizations, because of its ambiguity, as some older reports used it for the absolute permittivity ε. The permittivity may be quoted either as a static property or as a frequency-d... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Particles crossing a nanopore are detected one at a time as a transient change in the ionic current flow, which is denoted as a blockade event with its amplitude denoted as the blockade magnitude. As blockade magnitude is proportional to particle size, accurate particle sizing can be achieved after calibration with a k... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In the first case, two solid plates are placed in a solution of rigid spherical macromolecules. If the distance between two plates, , is smaller than the diameter of solute molecules, , then no solute can enter between the plates. This results in pure solvent existing between the plates. The difference in concentratio... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Carl Wilhelm Wagner (25 May 1901 – 10 December 1977) was a German physical chemist. He is best known for his pioneering work on solid-state chemistry, where his work on oxidation rate theory, counter diffusion of ions and defect chemistry led to a better understanding of how reactions take place at the atomic lev... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanoparticles are created by EWM when the ambient gas of the system cools the recently produced vaporous metal. EWM can be used to cheaply and efficiently produce nanoparticles at a rate of 50 – 300 grams per hour and at a purity of above 99%. The process requires a relatively low energy consumption as little energy is... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
As of March 2024, 11 U.S. states and two territories have passed statewide legislation to explicitly ban polystyrene foam:
* In 2019, Maryland was the first state to enact a ban, which went into effect on October 1, 2020. Bans were also passed that year in Maine and Vermont, with both states' laws taking effect on Jul... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A hydrotrope is a compound that solubilizes hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions by means other than micellar solubilization. Typically, hydrotropes consist of a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part (similar to surfactants), but the hydrophobic part is generally too small to cause spontaneous self-aggregation... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In 1968, Vinograd was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. In 1970 he received the Kendall Award from the American Chemical Society. In 1972, the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation gave him the T. Duckett Jones Award. He was invited to give a number of honorary lectures, including the Burroughs Wellcome Lecture at ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The most popular model to describe the electrical double layer is the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model. This model can be equally used to evaluate double layer forces. Let us discuss this model in the case of planar geometry as shown in the figure on the right. In this case, the electrical potential profile ψ(z) near a cha... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The alkali metal halides exist as colourless crystalline solids, although as finely ground powders appear white. They melt at high temperature, usually several hundred degrees to colorless liquids. Their high melting point reflects their high lattice energies. At still higher temperatures, these liquids evaporate to... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Molecular wires can be incorporated into polymers, enhancing their mechanical and/or conducting properties. The enhancement of these properties relies on uniform dispersion of the wires into the host polymer. MoSI wires have been made in such composites, relying on their superior solubility within the polymer host com... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As tissue replacements, nanocomposite hydrogels need to interact with cells and form functional tissues. With the incorporated nanoparticles and nanomaterials, these hydrogels can mimic the physical, chemical, electrical, and biological properties of most native tissue. Each type of nanocomposite hydrogels has its own ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Palladium hydride is a nonstoichiometric material of the approximate composition (0.02 < x < 0.58). This solid conducts hydrogen by virtue of the mobility of the hydrogen atoms within the solid. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Thermoacoustics is the study of the interaction between heat and sound. It a basis of the thermophone. Byron Higgins in 1802 reported "singing flames" which occurred when the necks of jars were put over a hydrogen gas flame. Sondhauss (1850) and Rijke (1859) performed further experiments. A theory of thermoacoustics wa... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
For in-situ bonded face sheets the core is closed-cell foam. The goal of in-situ bonding is to create a metallic bonding between the foam core and face sheets. This is achieved in three ways. A foamable precursor is expanded between two face sheets. When the liquid foam comes in contact with the solid face sheets a me... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs). The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
To ensure durability of PCs, mechanical properties are important to study. Elaborate efforts have been made for studying compressive brittleness of porous carbon materials. In 1999, Iizuka, et al. studied the mechanical properties of wood ceramics, a type of porous carbon material. Stable medium-density fiber was used ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Surfactant production in humans begins in type II cells during the alveolar sac stage of lung development. Lamellar bodies appear in the cytoplasm at about 20 weeks gestation. These lamellar bodies are secreted by exocytosis into the alveolar lining fluid, where the surfactant forms a meshwork of tubular myelin Full te... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Like other magnetic semiconductors, is formed by doping a standard semiconductor with magnetic elements. This is done using the growth technique molecular beam epitaxy, whereby crystal structures can be grown with atom layer precision. In the manganese substitute into gallium sites in the GaAs crystal and provide a m... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A particle may diffuse to a surface in quiescent conditions, but this process is inefficient as a thick depletion layer develops, which leads to a progressive slowing down of the deposition. When particle deposition is efficient, it proceeds almost exclusively in a system under flow. In such conditions, the hydrodynami... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Drug delivery strategies of inorganic nanoparticles are dependent on material properties. The active targeting of inorganic nanoparticle drug carriers is often achieved by surface functionalization with specific ligands of nanoparticles. For example, the inorganic multifunctional nanovehicle (5-FU/Fe3O4/αZrP@CHI-FA-R6G... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Salt tectonics, or halokinesis, or halotectonics, is concerned with the geometries and processes associated with the presence of significant thicknesses of evaporites containing rock salt within a stratigraphic sequence of rocks. This is due both to the low density of salt, which does not increase with burial, and its ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The usual preparation of Krogmann's salt involves the evaporation of a 5:1 molar ratio mixture of the salts K[Pt(CN)] and K[Pt(CN)Br] in water to give copper-colored needles of K[Pt(CN)]Br·2.6 HO.
::5K[Pt(CN)] + K[Pt(CN)Br] + 15.6 HO → 6K[Pt(CN)]Br·2.6 HO
Because excess Pt or Pt complex crystallizes out with the produc... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Reagent grade detergents are employed for the isolation and purification of integral membrane proteins found in biological cells. Solubilization of cell membrane bilayers requires a detergent that can enter the inner membrane monolayer. Advancements in the purity and sophistication of detergents have facilitated struct... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In the field of "nano" spray drying a new heating system is used to provide the drying gas to produce the particles. The gas flow in the system is laminar and not turbulent as in common spray drying. The advantage of a laminar flow is that the particles fall straight down from the spray head and do not stick to the gla... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nucleation in microcellular plastic is an important stage which decides the final cell size, cell density and cell morphology of the foam. In the recent past, numerous researchers have studied the cell nucleation phenomenon in microcellular polymers.
Studies were performed with ultrasound induced nucleation during micr... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Current state-of-the-art solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and electrolysis cells (SOECs) frequently incorporate electrodes made of MIEC materials. SOFCs are unique among fuel cells in that negatively charged ions (O) are transported from the cathode to the anode across the electrolyte, making MIEC cathode materials criti... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The compressibility of an ionic compound is strongly determined by its structure, and in particular the coordination number. For example, halides with the caesium chloride structure (coordination number 8) are less compressible than those with the sodium chloride structure (coordination number 6), and less again than t... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The CMC generally depends on the method of measuring the samples, since A and B depend on the properties of the solution such as conductance, photochemical characteristics, or surface tension. When the degree of aggregation is monodisperse, then the CMC is not related to the method of measurement. On the other hand, wh... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Dincă completed his postdoc studies at MIT, where he was promoted to associate professor in 2010 and, in 2017, tenured. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The meaning of the term cocrystal is subject of disagreement. One definition states that a cocrystal is a crystalline structure composed of at least two components, where the components may be atoms, ions or molecules. This definition is sometimes extended to specify that the components be solid in their pure forms at ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In nonlinear optics it is possible to reverse the destructive interference of so-called inhomogeneously broadened systems which contain a distribution of uncoupled subsystems with different resonance frequencies.
For example, consider a four-wave-mixing experiment in which the first short laser pulse excites all transi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Another property of nanoparticles that is heavily influenced by the surfactants is the solubility of the nanoparticle. One can imagine that a metallic nanoparticle would not dissolve well in organic solvents. By adding the surfactants the nanoparticles will stay more evenly dispersed throughout the solvent. This is due... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Copper(I) thiocyanate forms one double salt with the group 1 elements, CsCu(SCN). The double salt only forms from concentrated solutions of CsSCN, into which CuSCN dissolves. From less concentrated solutions, solid CuSCN separates reflecting its low solubility. When brought together with potassium, sodium or barium thi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
His biography at the Gdańsk University of Technology describes him as a New Yorker, dedicated supporter of the New York Yankees, passionate astronomer and amateur brewer. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Phosphonium betaines are intermediates in the Wittig reaction. The addition of betaine to polymerase chain reactions improves the amplification of DNA by reducing the formation of secondary structure in GC-rich regions. The addition of betaine may enhance the specificity of the polymerase chain reaction by eliminating ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A sol is a colloidal suspension made out of tiny solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. Sols are stable and exhibit the Tyndall effect, which is the scattering of light by the particles in the colloid. Examples include amongst others blood, pigmented ink, cell fluids, paint, antacids and mud.
Artificial sols c... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Stokes, transitional and Newtonian settling describe the behaviour of a single spherical particle in an infinite fluid, known as free settling. However this model has limitations in practical application. Alternate considerations, such as the interaction of particles in the fluid, or the interaction of the particles wi... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
From the Municipal high School, Burdwan, Mukherjee appeared in March 1909 at the last Entrance Examination of the Calcutta University and got a District Scholarship. Jnanendra Nath was a student of Presidency College (1909–1915) and received his BSc (1913) and MSc (1915) degrees from the Rajabazar Science College, Calc... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The colloidal probe technique is commonly used to measure interaction forces acting between colloidal particles and/or planar surfaces in air or in solution. This technique relies on the use of an atomic force microscope (AFM). However, instead of a cantilever with a sharp AFM tip, one uses the colloidal probe. The col... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Electrophoresis is used for estimating zeta potential of particulates, whereas streaming potential/current is used for porous bodies and flat surfaces.
In practice, the zeta potential of dispersion is measured by applying an electric field across the dispersion. Particles within the dispersion with a zeta potential wil... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The term microemulsion was first used by T. P. Hoar and J. H. Shulman, professors of chemistry at Cambridge University, in 1943. Alternative names for these systems are often used, such as transparent emulsion, swollen micelle, micellar solution, and solubilized oil. More confusingly still, the term microemulsion can... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
By the 18th century, higher quality American potash was increasingly exported to Britain. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, potash production provided settlers in North America badly needed cash and credit as they cleared wooded land for crops. To make full use of their land, settlers needed to dispose of exce... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Fluorescent properties in nanodiamonds arise from the presence of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, nitrogen atoms next to a vacancy. Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) was invented in 2005 and has since been used in various fields of study. The invention received a US patent in 2008 , and a subsequent patent in 2012 . NV cen... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Potassium is the third major plant and crop nutrient after nitrogen and phosphorus. It has been used since antiquity as a soil fertilizer (about 90% of current use). Elemental potassium does not occur in nature because it reacts violently with water. As part of various compounds, potassium makes up about 2.6% of the Ea... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nickel oxide hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NiO(OH). It is a black solid that is insoluble in all solvents but attacked by base and acid. It is a component of the nickel–metal hydride battery and of the nickel–iron battery. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Although the exact mechanism is not well understood, DATEM appears to interact with the hydrophobic parts of gluten, helping its proteins unfold and form cross-linked structures. DATEM is composed of mixed esters of glycerin in which one or more of the hydroxyl groups of glycerin have been esterified by diacetyl tartar... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Frank was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1954, delivering the Bakerian Lecture in 1973. He was knighted in 1977. He was also awarded honorary degrees by seven universities.
In 1963 he won the Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize.
In 1967 he was awarded the A. A. Griffith Medal and Prize. He was also a member of the ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Making the connections stiffer and stronger than the strut members means that stress response is governed by the struts. Extending dimensional scaling methods to include the connections shows that the mass density cost of robust connections – which scale with the strut's cross-sectional area – is low for ultralight mat... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Brine is an auxiliary agent in water softening and water purification systems involving ion exchange technology. The most common example are household dishwashers, utilizing sodium chloride in form of dishwasher salt. Brine is not involved in the purification process itself, but used for regeneration of ion-exchange re... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Quick clay, also known as Leda clay and Champlain Sea clay in Canada, is any of several distinctively sensitive glaciomarine clays found in Canada, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Finland, the United States and other locations around the world. The clay is so unstable that when a mass of quick clay is subjected to sufficient s... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nanoparticles of certain materials can be created by "wet" chemical processes, in which solutions of suitable compounds are mixed or otherwise treated to form an insoluble precipitate of the desired material. The size of the particles of the latter is adjusted by choosing the concentration of the reagents and the tempe... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Kauzlarichs research focuses on synthesis and characterization of novel solid state materials. Some of Kauzlarichs publications from her independent research career are listed below:
Kauzlarich has also been a longstanding global expert on the preparation of colloidal nanoclusters and most particularly the preparation ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
An ionomer () (iono- + -mer) is a polymer composed of repeat units of both electrically neutral repeating units and ionized units covalently bonded to the polymer backbone as pendant group moieties. Usually no more than 15 mole percent are ionized. The ionized units are often carboxylic acid groups.
The classificatio... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A solid has an infinite number of allowed bands, just as an atom has infinitely many energy levels. However, most of the bands simply have too high energy, and are usually disregarded under ordinary circumstances.
Conversely, there are very low energy bands associated with the core orbitals (such as 1s electrons). Thes... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The most known and widely used theory for calculating zeta potential from experimental data is that developed by Marian Smoluchowski in 1903. This theory was originally developed for electrophoresis; however, an extension to electroacoustics is now also available. Smoluchowski's theory is powerful because it is valid f... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Until the Industrial Revolution, soapmaking was conducted on a small scale and the product was rough. In 1780, James Keir established a chemical works at Tipton, for the manufacture of alkali from the sulfates of potash and soda, to which he afterwards added a soap manufactory. The method of extraction proceeded on a d... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
There are several researchers in nanochemistry that have been credited with the development of the field. Geoffrey A. Ozin, from the University of Toronto, is known as one of the "founding fathers of Nanochemistry" due to his four and a half decades of research on this subject. This research includes the study of matri... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
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