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Wagner was born in Leipzig, Germany; the son of Dr Julius Wagner who was the Head of Chemistry at the local institute and secretary of the German Bunsen Society of Physical Chemistry. Wagner graduated from the University of Munich and gained his PhD at the University of Leipzig in 1924 supervised by Max Le Blanc with a... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Tantalum(III) chloride can form complexes with some ligands as a monomer or dimer.
Complexes include Ta(=C-CMe)(PMe)Cl, [TaCl(P(CHCH)THF]μ-N and [TaClTHF]μ-N (dinitrogen complexes).
As a dimer, complexes include TaCl(SCH) (SCH=tetrahydrothiophene). TaCl(SMe), TaCl(thiane) and TaCl(thiolane) have a double bond between t... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Icosahedral twinning has been seen in face-centered-cubic metal nanoparticles that have nucleated: (i) by evaporation onto surfaces, (ii) out of solution, and (iii) by reduction in a polymer matrix.
Quasicrystals are un-twinned structures with long range rotational but not translational periodicity, that some initially... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In materials science and colloidal chemistry, the term colloidal particle refers to a small amount of matter having a size typical for colloids and with a clear phase boundary. The dispersed-phase particles have a diameter between approximately 1 and 1000 nanometers. Colloids are heterogeneous in nature, invisible to t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Miedema introduced his approach in several papers, beginning in 1973 in Philips Technical Review Magazine with "A simple model for alloys".
Miedema described his motivation with "Reliable rules for the alloying behaviour of metals have long been sought. There is the qualitative rule that states that the greater the dif... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
If the hyperfine field fluctuates during the lifetime of the intermediate level due to jumps of the probe into another lattice position or from jumps of a near atom into another lattice position, the correlation is lost. For the simple case with an undistorted lattice of cubic symmetry, for a jump rate of for equival... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Salinity from irrigation can occur over time wherever irrigation occurs, since almost all water (even natural rainfall) contains some dissolved salts. When the plants use the water, the salts are left behind in the soil and eventually begin to accumulate. This water in excess of plant needs is called the leaching fract... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Artificial nanoparticles can be created from any solid or liquid material, including metals, dielectrics, and semiconductors. They may be internally homogeneous or heterogenous, e.g. with a core–shell structure.
There are several methods for creating nanoparticles, including gas condensation, attrition, chemical precip... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
MALDI matrix compounds such as α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid have been linked through a linker consisting of an unsymmetric formaldehyde acetals to dodecanol. This type of cleavable detergent is inherently compatible with MALDI and does not have to be removed prior to analysis.
UV light- or fluoride-cleavable surfacta... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
To understand how band structure changes relative to the Fermi level in real space, a band structure plot is often first simplified in the form of a band diagram. In a band diagram the vertical axis is energy while the horizontal axis represents real space. Horizontal lines represent energy levels, while blocks represe... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Several strategies have been proposed as a way to protect those who are at greatest risk of occupational exposure to PFAS, including exposure monitoring, regular blood testing, and the use of PFAS-free alternatives. For example, fluorine-free firefighting foam and plant-based ski wax contain no PFAS and greatly reduce ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In modern solid-state physics, it is common to classify systems according to the kind of degrees of freedom they have available, like electron (metals) or spin (magnetism). In crystals that can display the JTE, and before this effect is realised by symmetry-breaking distortions, it is found that there exists an orbital... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Tin(IV) oxide, also known as stannic oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO. The mineral form of SnO is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. With many other names, this oxide of tin is an important material in tin chemistry. It is a colourless, diamagnetic, amphoteric solid. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The small size of nanoenzymes (or nanozymes) (1–100 nm) has provided them with unique optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties. Moreover, the control of surface functionality of nanoparticles and the predictable nanostructure of these small-sized enzymes have allowed them to create a complex structure on... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
An emulsion dispersion is thermoplastics or elastomers suspended in a liquid state by means of emulsifiers. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In 1914 black phosphorus, a layered, semiconducting allotrope of phosphorus, was synthesized. This allotrope exhibits high carrier mobility. In 2014, several groups isolated single-layer phosphorene, a monolayer of black phosphorus. It attracted renewed attention because of its potential in optoelectronics and electron... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
After about 1820, New York replaced New England as the most important source; by 1840 the center was in Ohio. Potash production was always a by-product industry, following from the need to clear land for agriculture. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Saiful presented the 2016 Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, entitled "Supercharged: Fuelling the Future" on the theme of energy, a commemorative lecture series for the BBC which celebrated 80 years since the Christmas Lectures were first broadcast on television in 1936. The lectures were broadcast on BBC Four, and ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The original Asakura–Oosawa model considered only hard-core interactions. In such an athermal mixture the origin of depletion forces is necessarily entropic. If the intermolecular potentials also include repulsive and/or attractive terms, and if the solvent is considered explicitly, the depletion interaction can have a... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Michel Pouchard is the author of nearly 400 articles published in the best journals in solid-state chemistry and materials science and some fifteen patents. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The solid is isostructural with (has the same structure as) fluorite (calcium fluoride), where each U is surrounded by eight O nearest neighbors in a cubic arrangement. In addition, the dioxides of cerium, thorium, and the transuranic elements from neptunium through californium have the same structures. No other eleme... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Realizing the modest thermal conductivity enhancement in conventional nanofluids, a team of researchers at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam developed a new class of magnetically polarizable nanofluids where the thermal conductivity enhancement up to 300% of basefluids is demonstrated. Fatty-a... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Roy was born in Ranchi, Bihar Province, India, the son of Narenda Kumar and Rajkumari Roy.
Rustum took a Cambridge School Certificate from Saint Pauls School Darjeeling. Rustum studied physical chemistry at Patna University, gaining his bachelors degree in 1942 and master's degree in 1944. The following year he began s... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Felser studied chemistry and physics at the University of Cologne, completing there both her diploma in solid state chemistry (1989) and her doctorate in physical chemistry (1994). After postdoctoral fellowships at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, Germany (1994-1995) with Arndt Simon and ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
SP-B is one of four proteins commonly found in surfactant, the other three being surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein C (SP-C), and surfactant protein D (SP-D). These four are highly interconnected in their functions in surfactant. For example, though the mechanism is not yet understood, SP-B functions in th... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Witold Rybczynski and Jacques Hadamard developed an equation to calculate the velocity of bubbles that rise in foam with the assumption that the bubbles are spherical with a radius .
with velocity in units of centimeters per second. ρ and ρ is the density for a gas and liquid respectively in units of g/cm and ῃ and ῃ i... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The technique involves pouring a suspension of magnetized ceramic micro-plates. Pores in the plaster mold absorb the liquid from the suspension, solidifying the material from the outside in. The particles are subjected to a strong magnetic field as they solidify that causes them to align in one direction. The field's o... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nazeeruddin is a co-author on numerous peer-reviewed papers, book chapters, and is a co-inventor on many patents. According to Thomson Reuters he has been named a "Highly Cited Researcher" in chemistry, materials science and engineering in 2016 and 2017, and was included in the list of "Worlds Most Influential Scientif... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As the most prevalent morphology of nanomaterials used in consumer products, nanoparticles have an enormous range of potential and actual applications. Table below summarizes the most common nanoparticles used in various product types available on the global markets.
Scientific research on nanoparticles is intense as t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
To be of use for connecting molecules, MWs need to self-assemble following well-defined routes and form reliable electrical contacts between them. To reproducibly self-assemble a complex circuit based on single molecules. Ideally, they would connect to diverse materials, such as gold metal surfaces (for connections to ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
One of the issues faced by drug delivery is the solubility of the drug in the body; around
40% of newly detected chemicals found in drug discovery are poorly soluble in water. This low solubility affects the bioavailability of the drug, meaning the rate at which the drug reaches the circulatory system and thus the tar... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Emma Kendrick is Professor of Energy Materials at the University of Birmingham where her work is focused on new materials for batteries and fuel cells. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Klaus Bechgaard did research at the University of Copenhagen, where he also held a Professorship in organic chemistry until 1993. From 1993 until 2000 he was the chairman of the Department of Physics and Chemistry at Risø and in 2001 he was appointed head of the newly assigned Department of Polymer Research at Risø. Fr... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Saiful was born in 1963 in Karachi, Pakistan to ethnically Bengali parents. The family moved to London in 1964 and he grew up in Crouch End, north London. There he went to Stationers Companys School, a state comprehensive. He received both a BSc degree in chemistry and a PhD (1988) from University College London, where... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Long-term inhalation of NiO is damaging to the lungs, causing lesions and in some cases cancer.
The calculated half-life of dissolution of NiO in the blood is more than 90 days. NiO has a long retention half-time in the lungs; after administration to rodents, it persisted in the lungs for more than 3 months. Nickel oxi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Since the end of the repository for radioactive waste Morsleben in 1998, the salt dome stability deteriorated to a state where it could collapse. Since 2003, a volume of m of salt-concrete has been pumped into the pit to temporarily stabilize the upper levels. In addition another m of salt-concrete will be used to te... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
One class of inorganic molecular wires consist of subunits related to Chevrel clusters. The synthesis of MoSI was performed in sealed and vacuumed quartz ampoule at 1343 K. In MoSI, the repeat units are MoSI clusters, which are joined together by flexible sulfur or iodine bridges.
Chains can also be produced from metal... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Freeze-casting is a directional solidification technique that is utilized to fabricate materials exhibiting anisotropic, elongated pore structures. Pore morphology is defined, in large part, by the morphology of the solidified fluid.
Titanium foams exhibiting dendritic and lamellar pore structures have been produced, t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Allomerism is the similarity in the crystalline structure of substances of different chemical composition. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Mircea Dincă (born 1980) is a Romanian-American inorganic chemist. He is a Professor of Chemistry and W. M. Keck Professor of Energy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). At MIT, Dincă leads a research group that focuses on the synthesis of functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which possess conduct... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The mineral bobshannonite, NaKBa(Mn,Na)(Nb,Ti)(SiO)O(OH)(O,F), was named in his honor in recognition of his major contributions to the field of crystal chemistry in particular and mineralogy in general through his development of accurate and comprehensive ionic radii and his work on dielectric properties of minerals. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Polyvinylcarbazole was discovered by the chemists Walter Reppe (1892-1969), Ernst Keyssner and Eugen Dorrer and patented by I.G. Farben in the USA in 1937. PVC was the first polymer whose photoconductivity was known. Starting in the 1960s, further polymers of this kind were sought. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Consider two-level systems at different positions in space.
Maxwell's equations lead to a coupling among all the optical resonances since the field emitted from a specific resonance interferes with the emitted fields of all other resonances.
As a result, the system is characterized by eigenmodes originating from the ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Aurivillius received his basic scientific education at the then Stockholm University where he graduated in 1937 and earned a fil. lic. in 1943. By 1949, he had made some important discoveries about the oxidation of mixed metals, which became quite prominent in the world of chemistry. He completed his dissertation, "X-... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The cost of surfactants is partially dependent on the crude oil market. As a stock ingredient for production of surfactants, paints highly dependent on surfactants will be affected by this market. More intricate surfactants with larger, more difficult to synthesize structure are more expensive to produce and have a g... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Salts are characteristically insulators. Although they contain charged atoms or clusters, these materials do not typically conduct electricity to any significant extent when the substance is solid. In order to conduct, the charged particles must be mobile rather than stationary in a crystal lattice. This is achieved to... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Whittingham conceived the intercalation electrode. Exxon manufactured Whittingham's lithium-ion battery in the 1970s, based on a titanium disulfide cathode and a lithium-aluminum anode. The battery had high energy density and the diffusion of lithium ions into the titanium disulfide cathode was reversible, making the b... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Chemical vapour transport results in very pure materials. The reaction typically occurs in a sealed ampoule. A transporting agent, added to the sealed ampoule, produces a volatile intermediate species from the solid reactant. For metal oxides, the transporting agent is usually Cl or HCl. The ampoule has a temperature g... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) of a surfactant is a measure of its degree of hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, determined by calculating percentages of molecular weights for the hydrophilic and lipophilic portions of the surfactant molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. Other methods have been sug... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
ProteaseMAX'is the brandname of Promega for sodium 3-((1-(furan-2-yl)undecyloxy)carbonylamino)propane-1-sulfonate. This cleavable detergent is sensitive to heat and acid and is degraded during a typical trypsin digestion into the uncharged lipophilic compound 1-(furan-2-yl)undecan-1-ol and the zwitterionic 3-aminopropa... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
On their introduction in the 1940s, PFASs were considered inert. Early occupational studies revealed elevated levels of fluorochemicals, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8), in the blood of exposed industrial workers, but cited no ill health effects. These results were co... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
PtSi is a semiconductor and a Schottky barrier with high stability and good sensitivity, and can be used in infrared detection, thermal imaging, or ohmic and Schottky contacts. Platinum silicide was most widely studied and used in the 1980s and 90s, but has become less commonly used, due to its low quantum efficiency. ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
When the constituent components of silicone foam are mixed together, they evolve hydrogen gas, which causes bubbles to form within the rubber, as it changes from liquid to solid. This results in an outward pressure. Temperature and humidity can influence the rate of expansion. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Small-angle laser light scattering has provided information about spatial density fluctuations or the shape of growing crystal grains. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy has been used to observe crystal growth near a glass surface. Electro-optic shear waves have been induced by an ac pulse, and monitored b... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Besides making pioneering contribution in the domain of Soil Science, Dr Mukherjee played a key role in the development of agricultural research and education in the country. Soon after his appointment as Director of the Imperial (now Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi), in 1945, Dr Mukherjee began to
r... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Akhoury Purnendu Bhusan Sinha (23 September 1928 – 4 July 2021) was an Indian solid state chemist who was the head of the Physical Chemistry Division of the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune. He is known for his theories on semiconductors and his studies on synthesis of manganites. He was an elected fellow of the Indi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Potash ( ) includes various mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form. The name derives from pot ash, plant ashes or wood ash soaked in water in a pot, the primary means of manufacturing potash before the Industrial Era. The word potassium is derived from potash.
Potash is produced world... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Particle deposition is the spontaneous attachment of particles to surfaces. The particles in question are normally colloidal particles, while the surfaces involved may be planar, curved, or may represent particles much larger in size than the depositing ones (e.g., sand grains). Deposition processes may be triggered by... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The band gap of uranium dioxide is comparable to those of silicon and gallium arsenide, near the optimum for efficiency vs band gap curve for absorption of solar radiation, suggesting its possible use for very efficient solar cells based on Schottky diode structure; it also absorbs at five different wavelengths, includ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
When used as an ingredient in food, antifoaming agents are intended to curb effusion or effervescence in preparation or serving. The agents are included in a variety of foods and in materials for food preparation; McDonald's includes polydimethylsiloxane (a type of silicone) in its oil to mitigate hazardous splashes of... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Kerker was born on September 25, 1920, in Utica, New York. He received his A.B. in chemistry from Columbia University in 1941. From 1942 to 1945, he was a member of United States Army and received Bronze Star Medal for his service. He married his wife, Reva Stemerman, in 1946. Graduating from Columbia University with a... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
For settling particles that are considered individually, i.e. dilute particle solutions, there are two main forces enacting upon any particle. The primary force is an applied force, such as gravity, and a drag force that is due to the motion of the particle through the fluid. The applied force is usually not affected b... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
It is said to have potential for optical applications but the exploitation of this potential has been limited by the ability to readily grow single crystals Gallium selenide crystals show great promise as a nonlinear optical material and as a photoconductor. Non-linear optical materials are used in the frequency conver... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Czarnik joined the Chemistry Department at the Ohio State University as assistant professor in 1983. He later was promoted to associate professor. Czarnik worked at Ohio State University until 1993, when he was offered a position as Director of the Bio-Organic Chemistry group at Parke-Davis Research Laboratory in Ann A... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The high surface area of a material in nanoparticle form allows heat, molecules, and ions to diffuse into or out of the particles at very large rates. The small particle diameter, on the other hand, allows the whole material to reach homogeneous equilibrium with respect to diffusion in a very short time. Thus many proc... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Iron pyrite is unstable when exposed to the oxidizing conditions prevailing at the Earths surface: iron pyrite in contact with atmospheric oxygen and water, or damp, ultimately decomposes into iron oxyhydroxides (ferrihydrite, FeO(OH)) and sulfuric acid (). This process is accelerated by the action of Acidithiobacillus... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Vanadium(II) oxide is the inorganic compound with the idealized formula VO. It is one of the several binary vanadium oxides. It adopts a distorted NaCl structure and contains weak V−V metal to metal bonds. VO is a semiconductor owing to delocalisation of electrons in the t orbitals. VO is a non-stoichiometric com... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanofluids poses the following advantages as compared to conventional fluids which makes them suitable for use in solar collectors:
*Absorption of solar energy will be maximized with change of the size, shape, material and volume fraction of the nanoparticles.
*The suspended nanoparticles increase the surface area but ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Some common per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances include:
* Polytetrafluoroethylene (aka PTFE or Teflon)
* Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs)
* Perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs)
* Fluorotelomers (FTOHs) | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of synthetic or natural phospholipids that self-assemble in aqueous solution in sizes ranging from tens of nanometers to micrometers. The resulting vesicle, which has an aqueous core surrounded by a hydrophobic membrane, can be loaded with a wide variety of hydrophobic or hydro... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Closed-cell metal foam was first reported in 1926 by Meller in a French patent where foaming of light metals, either by inert gas injection or by blowing agent, was suggested. Two patents on sponge-like metal were issued to Benjamin Sosnik in 1948 and 1951 who applied mercury vapor to blow liquid aluminium.
Closed-cell... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Because the clay layer is typically covered with topsoil, a location which is vulnerable to a quick clay landslide is usually identifiable only by soil testing, and is rarely obvious to a casual observer. Thus human settlements and transportation links have often been built on or near clay deposits, resulting in a numb... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Katsumi Kaneko was born in Yokohama (Kanagawa), Japan. He graduated with a Bachelor of Engineering degree in 1969 from Yokohama National University (Applied Chemistry), Yokohama. He received a masters degree in physical chemistry at The University of Tokyo, in 1971. He received Doctor of Science in solid state chemistr... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Marine waters are those of the ocean, another term for which is euhaline seas. The salinity of euhaline seas is 30 to 35 ‰. Brackish seas or waters have salinity in the range of 0.5 to 29 ‰ and metahaline seas from 36 to 40 ‰. These waters are all regarded as thalassic because their salinity is derived from the ocean a... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Memory foam consists mainly of polyurethane with additional chemicals that increase its viscosity and density. It is often referred to as "viscoelastic" polyurethane foam, or low-resilience polyurethane foam (LRPu). The foam bubbles or ‘cells’ are open, effectively creating a matrix through which air can move. Higher-d... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Since 1997, she has built a unique high temperature calorimetry facility. She has also designed and enhanced the instrumentation. Navrotsky introduced and applied the method for measuring the energetics of crystalline oxides of glasses, amorphous, nanophase material, porous materials of hydrous phases and carbonates a... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Converting amines into their hydrochlorides is a common way to improve their water solubility, which can be desirable for substances used in medications. The European Pharmacopoeia lists more than 200 hydrochlorides as active ingredients in medications. These hydrochlorides, compared to free bases, may more readily dis... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
To produce their metallic microlattice, the HRL/UCI/Caltech team first prepared a polymer template using a technique based on self-propagating waveguide formation, though it was noted that other methods can be used to fabricate the template. The process passed UV light through a perforated mask into a reservoir of UV-c... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In February 2018, 3M settled a lawsuit for $850 million related to contaminated drinking water in Minnesota. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Researchers have also constructed the CMOS inverter (logic circuit) by combining a phosphorene PMOS transistor with a MoS NMOS transistor, achieving high heterogeneous integration of semiconducting phosphorene crystals as a new channel material for potential electronic applications. In the inverter, the power supply vo... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Although many progresses have been made on the topic since the classical work of Frenkel,
the Poole-Frenkel formula has been spreadly used to interpret several non-ohmic experimental currents observed in dielectrics and also semiconductors.
The debate about the underlying assumptions of the classical Poole-Frenkel mod... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In 1987, Rao and his team published a series of four papers, of which three were in the Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Chemical Science), Pramana, and Current Science, all published by the Indian Academy of Sciences. A report was submitted to the Society for Scientific Values that the three papers had n... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Most atoms in a nanocluster are surface atoms. Thus, it is expected that the magnetic moment of an atom in a cluster will be larger than that of one in a bulk material. Lower coordination, lower dimensionality, and increasing interatomic distance in metal clusters contribute to enhancement of the magnetic moment in nan... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
On August 16, 2016, the US food and drug administration ([https://www.fda.gov/ FDA]) published a draft guidance [https://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Regulatory-Classification-of-Pharmaceutical-Co-Crystals.pdf Regulatory Classification of Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals]. In this guide, the FDA suggests treating co-cry... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A 12" x 12" x 0.6" thick 316L steel CMF panel with a weight of 3.545 kg was tested in a torch-fire test. In this test, the panel was exposed to over 1204 °C temperatures for 30 minutes. Upon reaching the 30 minutes' time of exposure, the maximum temperature on the unexposed surface of the steel was 400 °C (752 °F) at t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The natural ability of nanoparticles to self-assemble can be replicated in systems that do not intrinsically self-assemble. Directed self-assembly (DSA) attempts to mimic the chemical properties of self-assembling systems, while simultaneously controlling the thermodynamic system to maximize self-assembly. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
He developed accurate characterization method of nanoscale pores with gas adsorption and established new nanospaces-molecular science; he found unusual in-pore high pressure effect of nanoscale pores in which molecules and/or atoms prefer to form high pressure phase even without compression. One representative example ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
When simple salts dissolve, they dissociate into individual ions, which are solvated and dispersed throughout the resulting solution. Salts do not exist in solution. In contrast, molecular compounds, which includes most organic compounds, remain intact in solution.
The solubility of salts is highest in polar solvent... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Quick clay has a remolded strength which is much less than its strength upon initial loading. This is caused by its highly unstable clay particle structure.
Quick clay is originally deposited in a marine environment. Clay mineral particles are always negatively charged because of the presence of permanent negative char... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Copper(II) chloride has some highly specialized applications in the synthesis of organic compounds. It affects the chlorination of aromatic hydrocarbons—this is often performed in the presence of aluminium oxide. It is able to chlorinate the alpha position of carbonyl compounds:
This reaction is performed in a po... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A possible solution for PFAS-contaminated wastewater treatment has been developed by the Michigan State University-Fraunhofer team. Boron-doped diamond electrodes are used for the electrochemical oxidation system where it is capable of breaking PFAS molecular bonds which essentially eliminates the contaminates, leaving... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A xanthate is a salt or ester of a xanthic acid. The formula of the salt of xanthic acid is (where R is organyl group and M is usually Na or K). Xanthate also refers to the anion . The formula of a xanthic acid is , such as ethyl xanthic acid, while the formula of an ester of a xanthic acid is , where R and R are orga... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Group 14 analogues of alkenes and alkynes have previously been prepared. Moving down the group, the compounds experience increasing geometric distortion, becoming increasingly trans-bent from the original linear geometry and displaying increasingly limited shortening of the multiple bond. These patterns are also observ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Mercury(II) iodide is produced by adding an aqueous solution of potassium iodide to an aqueous solution of mercury(II) chloride with stirring; the precipitate is filtered off, washed and dried at 70 °C.
: HgCl + 2 KI → HgI + 2 KCl | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Materials in certain cosmetics such as sun cream, moisturizer, and deodorant may have potential benefits from the use of nanochemistry. Manufacturers are working to increase the effectiveness of various cosmetics by facilitating oil nanoemulsion. These particles have extended the boundaries in managing wrinkling, dehyd... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
* To increase pulmonary compliance.
* To prevent atelectasis (collapse of the alveoli or atriums) at the end of expiration.
* To facilitate recruitment of collapsed airways.
Alveoli can be compared to gas in water, as the alveoli are wet and surround a central air space. The surface tension acts at the air-water inter... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Peptides based hydrogels possess exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability qualities, giving rise to their wide use of applications, particularly in biomedicine; as such, their physical properties can be fine-tuned in order to maximise their use. Methods to do this are: modulation of the amino acid sequence, pH... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In general, metal nanoclusters in an aqueous medium are synthesized in two steps: reduction of metal ions to zero-valent state and stabilization of nanoclusters. Without stabilization, metal nanoclusters would strongly interact with each other and aggregate irreversibly to form larger particles. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nazar works in materials chemistry at the University of Waterloo, where she designs energy storage devices and electrochemical systems. Her research group create new materials and nanostructures for lithium–sulfur batteries, including interwoven composites. She develops structural probes to understand how the morpholog... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The DNA analyzers developed at Illumina, which was co-founded by Czarnik in 1998, use the patented technology of multiplex decoding of array sensors with microspheres to read genetic codes. As a result, the analyzers have reduced the cost of sequencing a human genome. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
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